Datasets:

karthikrathod

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Abstract_classification_dataset

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a protective film that covers a switch surface of an electronic device . the protective film has a first film with an adhesive surface to cover a surface of the electronic device and a second film superposed thereon to cover a predetermined portion of the electronic device and the film may have one or more ribs incorporated into the film . the protective film provides various advantages such as excellent scratch resistance , antifouling and dirt or stain resistance .

a laminating process in which an adhesive composition which is freely flowing or can be rendered freely flowing is discharged from a coating appliance in the form of a substantially continuous or interrupted film , out of a slot nozzle with lateral film boundaries , and is applied and fixed to the surface of at least one web - type substrate , if applicable after being deposited on an advancing transfer substrate , such as a roller , and then transferred to the web - type substrate , and in which the film is guided outward to the substrate via the nozzle slot , clamped or hemmed in at its edges by the film boundary elements , heat is drawn off to the surrounding atmosphere via at least one heat exchange element provided along the film boundary elements .

an apparatus and method for powering an engine with two fuel sources , where one of the fuel sources varies in quality and or quantity .

a method for treatment of acne with tetracyclines is provided . a lower sustained dose and no loading dose is employed , with an optional once - a - day dosing regimen .

the description relates to an internal combustion engine having a turbocharger , having a first particle filter in the intake section of the internal combustion engine and having a low - pressure egr line that comprises a second particle filter . a fast - reacting low - pressure exhaust gas recirculation system with small dimensions can be realized by virtue of the egr line branching off from the exhaust section upstream of the first particle filter , and the second particle filter being provided with a heater . the description also relates to a corresponding egr method .

error correction in a feedback servo system . the feedback servo loop in , for example , a head positioning circuit in an optical disk data recording and retrieval system is provided with means for forcing the feedback signal to zero when the head is positioned at best focus as determined by a peak in the laser monitoring diode . the head in such a system must be dynamically maintained at a best focus position but , through use and transporting , the alignment of the head position error detecting system can be disturbed . in some cases , the loop circuit parameters may drift from their original values . to correct for errors introduced from such causes , the head is positioned at best focus and the focus error signal is sensed . a correction system forces the sensed value to zero , e . g , by adjusting the gain of amplifiers used in the feedback loop .

an improved construction for piezoelectric crystal assemblies has significant advantages both from the standpoint of operational attributes of the finished product and of adaptability to being mass produced in an expeditous and economical manner . a related , improved method of making piezoelectric crystal assemblies , including those of the aforementioned improved construction , is also provided , which similarly has significant advantages from the standpoints of speed and economy .

an article of manufacture is provided to make decisions regarding funding additional contributions to an investment that is funded using an asset accumulation strategy . a data processor automatically determines an absolute value of a compound average annual rate of return of the investment for a plurality of successive time instances , and an absolute value of an internal rate of return of the investment for a plurality of successive time instances . the data processor then identifies a first time instance when the absolute value of the compound average annual rate of return of the investment exceeds the absolute value of the internal rate of return of the investment . another article of manufacture identifies a first time instance when the compound average annual rate of return of the investment exceeds the internal rate of return of the investment and when a total return is greater than zero . another article of manufacture identifies a first time instance when the net present value of the investment is less than zero and the total return is greater than zero . the first time instance represents the time in which it is recommended that funding of additional contributions to the investment should be stopped . the data processor then outputs a message recommending that funding of additional contributions to the investment should be stopped upon identifying the first time instance .

a system for uncovering and sealing a narrow trench . the system comprises several subsystems , including a work machine , a frame for providing a seal with the surface to be trenched , a saw blade , a vacuum system , a system for placing product , and a resealer . the blade includes rotatable tooth bits , which may be rotated and secured to create a blade for narrower or a wider trench . a removable cover and the blade are easily changeable . a surface engaging member on the frame is manipulated to maintain a seal with changing ground surfaces . additionally , the vertical location of the blade within the frame is adjustable to create a deeper or shallower trench .

a unique method and structure is provided for testing high voltage equipment with great accuracy of voltage levels to be measured , repeatability of measured levels from one piece of test equipment to the next , no need for recalibration of test equipment , and sufficiently low current during testing that the test equipment can be powered by the same supply that powers the device under test . the device of this invention can be used to measure not only logical one and logical zero voltage levels of the device under test while under specific loads but can also be used to meausre transition time from one logic state to another . the circuit of this invention provides an output signal which can have three states reflecting a high logic level from the device under test , a low logic level from the device under test , and an intermediate level indicating that the device under test is in transition from one logic level to another or has failed the test .

the present invention relates to a small zoom lens system for electronic still cameras or video cameras , which has a zoom ratio lying in the range of about 2 . 5 - 3 . 2 and an f - number lying in the range of about 2 - 2 . 8 , comprises as small as 7 or 8 lenses and is reduced in terms of both the total length and the lens diameter , and which is characterized by comprising , in order from the object side , at least a first lens group having a positive refractive power , a second lens group having a negative refractive power , a stop and a third lens group having a positive refractive power , and in that during zooming the first lens group remains fixed while the second and third lens groups are moved along the optical axis , and the following conditions and are satisfied : 0 . 9 × β . sub . 2t / β . sub . 2w & lt ; β . sub . 3t / β . sub . 3w & lt ; 2 . 0 × β 2t / β 2w , , and 0 . 5 & lt ; f . sub . 3 /| f . sub . 2 |& lt ; 1 . 5 , where β 2t is the magnification of the second lens group at the telephoto end , β 2w is the magnification of the second lens group at the wide angle end , β 3t is the magnification of the third lens group at the telephoto end , β 3w is the magnification of the third lens group at the wide angle end , f 2 is the focal length of the second lens group , and f 3 is the focal length of the third lens group .

a system for use on the internet or other network to allow automated licensing of works of authorship and access to information about licenses which have been granted . a unique work identifier is issued to each of a large number of works of authorship , most of which are available on the internet , but some of which are not . when the works are published , whether or not on the internet , the unique work identifier is included . the work identifier may also identify a distributor of the work or any other information desired by the publisher . the unique identifier leads to a web page where a user can accept an offered license to do one or more of : reproduce , distribute , perform , display , or prepare derivative works . the system then automatically generates a unique license identifier which is placed in each copy of the work prepared by the licensee . the license identifier leads to a web page which states the particulars of the license that was granted .

a bedding foundation having a nestably stackable spring assembly , including a border wire having a generally rectangular cross - section . the foundation &# 39 ; s spring assembly may be nestably stacked with numerous other such assemblies for transportation , thereby avoiding the need to compress and tie the assembly for shipping . each foundation assembly includes a number of corrugated support wires having alternating peaks and valleys . the border wire is generally rectangular in cross - section to reduce wire costs without compromising beam strength of the border wire .

the invention disclosed herein is a pressure transducer utilizing a hall effect sensor to detect the displacement of the transducer &# 39 ; s diaphragm . the pressure transducer includes a power supply to draw current from a 4 ma to 20 ma current loop and deliver current to the hall effect sensor at an average rate of 4 ma or less .

a conductive plastic lead frame and method of manufacturing the same , suitable for use in ic packaging , circuit card , electronic device , and a computer system . in a preferred embodiment , the lead frame is constructed of a plastic or polymer based lead frame structure with an intrinsic conductive polymer coating . in a second embodiment , the lead frame is a composite plastic or polymeric material intermixed with an intrinsic conductive polymer coating .

a first heat radiation unit is formed on one surface of the imaging unit in a vertical direction . a second heat radiation unit is formed on the other surface of the imaging unit in the vertical direction . a third heat radiation unit is formed on a surface opposite to an imaging direction of the imaging unit . a first heat transfer unit transfers heat of a first heat source of the imaging unit to the first heat radiation unit and the third heat radiation unit . a second heat transfer unit transfers heat of a second heat source of the imaging unit , which has a higher maximum allowable temperature than the first heating unit , to the second heat radiation unit . a heat insulation unit suppresses heat transfer between the first and the second heat radiation units and between the third and the second heat radiation units .

We present the implementation of general-relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamics solvers and three divergence-free handling approaches adopted in the General-relativistic multigrid numerical (Gmunu) code. In particular, implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta schemes are used to deal with the stiff terms in the evolution equations for small resistivity. The three divergence-free handling methods are (i) hyperbolic divergence cleaning (also known as the generalized Lagrange multiplier), (ii) staggered-meshed constrained transport schemes, and (iii) elliptic cleaning through a multigrid solver, which is applicable in both cell-centered and face-centered (stagger grid) magnetic fields. The implementation has been tested with a number of numerical benchmarks from special-relativistic to general-relativistic cases. We demonstrate that our code can robustly recover from the ideal magnetohydrodynamics limit to a highly resistive limit. We also illustrate the applications in modeling magnetized neutron stars, and compare how different divergence-free handling methods affect the evolution of the stars. Furthermore, we show that the preservation of the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field when using staggered-meshed constrained transport schemes can be significantly improved by applying elliptic cleaning.

a container that will house components of the device will be mounted to railroad ties to permit the user of this device to gather high resolution images of the undercarriage of a moving train car as it passes overhead . the speed of the camera shutter will be dictated by the software that will work in conjunction with a linear speed device . the gathered images can be reassembled and forwarded to a remote location . the software provides an alarm in the event of a present danger .

the energy storage and transmission capabilities of a capacitance - type electroacoustical transducer are increased and the cost of producing such a transducer can be decreased by employing a thin , dielectric coating material between the electrically conductive diaphragm and backplate of said transducer , and by locating the electrically conductive diaphragm support layer on what would otherwise be an exposed outer diaphragm surface to protect same from physical as well as environmental damage .

a container with a plug is described , with at least one plug hole , sealablen a liquid - tight manner by means of the plug . the container with plug is characterized by the plug hole surrounded by a collar made from the material of the container , the collar having at least one locking element to secure the plug , and having a sealing surface provided thereon , between which surface and the plug a sealing element for sealing the plug hole tightly is insertable .

a safety barrier transition , comprising partially deformable elements , pivoted by quickly disengageable coupling elements to a fixed barrier , specifically designed for closing , under safety conditions , and quickly re - opening road gaps provided in superhighway traffic dividers .

the invention relates to polymorphous crystal modifications of a dpp - iv inhibitor , the preparation thereof and the use thereof for preparing a medicament .

an improved wire connection system and method is provided . more specifically , an improved wire connection system for audio systems and method that employs a wire connection and / or terminal may be positioned on the front portion of a speaker housing unit . the wire connection system and method allows for positioned of the wire connection and / or terminal on the front portion of the speaker housing unit while allowing the incoming wiring from the transmitting unit to be hidden behind the speaker housing , passed through an opening contained within the housing and connected to at the front portion of the speaker housing to facilitate easier connection of the speaker to the transmitting unit .

provided herein is a novel and useful process for preparing 2 - methoxy - 4 - methyl - 6 - methylamino - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine that broadly comprises the steps of reacting zinc bis with acetic anhydride to give 2 , 4 - dimethoxy - 6 - methyl - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine and reacting the 2 , 4 - dimethoxy - 6 - methyl - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine , formed in step , with methylamine to give 2 - methoxy - 4 - methyl - 6 - methylamino - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine .

We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of the superluminous SN 2002gh from maximum light to +204 d, obtained as part of the Carnegie Type II Supernova (CATS) project. SN 2002gh is among the most luminous discovered supernovae ever, yet it remained unnoticed for nearly two decades. Using Dark Energy Camera archival images we identify the potential supernova (SN) host galaxy as a faint dwarf galaxy, presumably having low metallicity, and in an apparent merging process with other nearby dwarf galaxies. We show that SN 2002gh is among the brightest hydrogen-poor SLSNe with M<SUB>V</SUB> = -22.40 ± 0.02, with an estimated peak bolometric luminosity of 2.6 ± 0.1 × 10<SUP>44</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP>. We discount the decay of radioactive nickel as the main SN power mechanism, and assuming that the SN is powered by the spin-down of a magnetar we obtain two alternative solutions. The first case, is characterized by significant magnetar power leakage, and M<SUB>ej</SUB> between 0.6 and 3.2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, P<SUB>spin</SUB> = 3.2 ms, and B = 5 × 10<SUP>13</SUP> G. The second case does not require power leakage, resulting in a huge ejecta mass of about 30 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, a fast spin period of P<SUB>spin</SUB> ~ 1 ms, and B ~ 1.6 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> G. We estimate a zero-age main-sequence mass between 14 and 25 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> for the first case and of about 135 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> for the second case. The latter case would place the SN progenitor among the most massive stars observed to explode as an SN.

a system for organizing electronic mobile payment transactions using a mobile device that uses electronic payment systems utilizing a digital wallet to make payments to a vendor is provided . the vendor &# 39 ; s pos system the payment network and the digital wallet have a plurality of components for generating a digital receipt for use by the mobile device . the system includes an apparatus for hosting the digital wallet ; a first communication channel for communication of the location of the payer &# 39 ; s digital wallet as the destination where the receipt shall be sent ; a second communication channel for transmitting data concerning the purchase to the apparatus in a form useful to the apparatus so that the merchant generates the contents of a digital receipt that has data fields such that data can be stored for retrieval . the system also includes at least one application available to the mobile device that permits the data in the data fields to undergo data processing to be manipulated by a user of the mobile device for presentation on the mobile device .

Low-frequency radio observations of diffuse synchrotron radiation offer a unique vantage point from which to investigate the intricate relationship between gas and magnetic fields in the formation of structures within the Galaxy, spanning from the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) to star-forming regions. Achieving this pivotal objective hinges on a comprehensive understanding of cosmic-ray properties; these dictate the effective energy distribution of relativistic electrons, which are primarily responsible for the observable synchrotron radiation. Notably, cosmic-ray electrons (CRe) with energies of between 100 MeV and 10 GeV play a crucial role in determining the majority of the sky brightness below the GHz range. However, their energy flux (j<SUB>e</SUB>) remains elusive because of solar modulation. We propose a way to derive observational constraints on this energy gap of interstellar CRe through the brightness temperature spectral index of low-frequency radio emission, here denoted β<SUB>obs</SUB>. We introduce a new parametric analytical model that fits available data for j<SUB>e</SUB> in accordance with the β<SUB>obs</SUB> values measured in the literature between 50 MHz and 1 GHz for diffuse emission in the Milky Way. Our model accounts for multiple observations considering magnetic-field strengths consistent with existing measurements below 10 μG. We present a first all-sky map of the average component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the line of sight and validate our methodology against state-of-the art numerical simulations of the diffuse ISM. This research makes headway in modeling Galactic diffuse emission with a practical, parametric form. It provides essential insights that will help preparations for the imminent arrival of the Square Kilometre Array. <P />The map displayed as Fig. 4 is available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/A52">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/A52</A>

a system and method of predicting telemetry signal dropout creates a prediction of patient destination . the method includes defining a telemetry coverage area , receiving a location of a monitored patient , recording the received location , calculating a trajectory and speed , and comparing the location , trajectory , and speed of the patient to historical patient movement trends to predict patient destination . the system includes a remote unit worn by a patient and at least one telemetry receiver , a location services computer , a patient location database , a location prediction computer , and a graphical display . the location services computer receives the location information and computes a location , speed , and trajectory of the patient . the location prediction computer compares the computed location , speed , and trajectory of the patient to previously acquired locations , speeds , and trajectories to predict a patient destination .

high quality single or multiple channel sound dispersal is obtained through the arrangement of a plurality of similar speakers divergently mounted in an airtight frame with integral horns formed therein such that the central axis of each speaker is coaxial with a line normal to and projected from the center of each face of a polyhedron characterized by the tetrahedron , the hexahedron , the octahedron , the dodecahedron and the icosahedron . when the speakers thus arranged are excited in phase , a series of infinite acoustic baffles are created between adjacent speakers creating a series of exponential horns which disperse the sound energy as if from a point source to the walls , ceiling and floor of the listening room and then by reflection to the listener . the frame / horn component is manufactured of universal parts .

a disc storage unit includes discs having surfaces with concentric tracks for storing data in sectors . each sector has identification information including a physical address designating a particular disc surface , sector and track . the physical addresses are contiguous for one surface to another at a first or last sector in a radially outermost or innermost track , respectively . heads are provided for reading and writing data from and onto the discs . the position of each head within a track is determined using servo information recorded between adjacent sectors . address converting circuitry converts logical addresses from an external computer into physical addresses on the discs , including physical addresses which span a plurality of tracks located on both surfaces of a disc , when reading or writing data at logical addresses is commanded . head selecting circuitry responds to the physical addresses by selecting each head corresponding to a surface of the disc on which the physical addresses are located . head position controlling circuitry responds to the physical addresses by positioning each head selected , using the servo information , at each track associated with the physical addresses provided . read / write circuitry reads and writes data from and onto each surface of each disc at the corresponding physical addresses provided .

an animal identification and security system and method assigns an identifying code uniquely associated with each system member and each animal owned by the member . an identification code imprinted on a marker attached to the animal includes information uniquely identifying the animal &# 39 ; s owner including a two letter abbreviation of the state of residence , a numerical identifier of the county of residence , and an assigned number designating the owner &# 39 ; s ranch / farm within the indicated county . the identification code further includes a letter designation of the type of animal and the individual animal &# 39 ; s number within the owner &# 39 ; s herd / flock , as well as a two letter designation of the animal &# 39 ; s country of origin . the identifying codes are maintained in a computerized system at a central location for dissemination on a global information network for facilitating the return of lost or stolen animals to the rightful owner and to indicate the origin of all registered animals .

a barbecue apparatus is disclosed herein having its components coaxially disposed on a flanged base supported from a cantilevered arm anchored to a support tube or the like . the components include a circular walled bowl carried on the base with vent apertures in the bottom and a grease catch screen that is carried by an apertured liner supporting a gas burner . the reinforced mid - section of the grease screen is detachably coupled to the burner and a grill is removably carried about the peripheral edge marginal region of the liner . a vented lid includes a retention member engaged with the edge of the bowl for wind shielding purposes when not used as a cover for the bowl . a detachable coupler joins the burner to a gas supply cantilevered outwardly from the base which includes controls for gas distribution to the burner .

a sensor for detecting a physical variable , including : — a sensor element for outputting an electrical signal dependent on the physical variable , — a substrate carrying the sensor element , — a printed circuit board , conducting the electrical signal , on the substrate , and — an embedding compound , in which the sensor element is completely embedded and the printed circuit board is at least partly embedded , — wherein at least one compensation element is embodied in the embedding compound , by which compensation element a mechanical stress caused by an element of the sensor at least partly embedded in the embedding compound is counteracted .

there is provided a vehicle with the capability of estimating its position . an exemplary vehicle comprises a positioning unit configured to operate in a first mode for communicating with one or more first radio - responsive devices and operate in a second mode for communicating with one or more second radio responsive devices . the positioning unit is configured to estimate a coarse position of the vehicle based on data received from the first transceiver , and estimate a fine position of the vehicle based on data received from the second transceiver .

Carbonyl sulfide (COS or OCS) inter-comparison. TM5 COS version. The resolution is made on 2x2 and chemistry is disabled. TM5 runs as purely atmospheric transport model.

a cathode structure of a magnetron which is used for microwave ovens , industrial microwave heating , and medical purposes is disclosed . one of two leads of the cathode structure of the magnetron , that is , one of a center lead and a side lead is tightly fitted into the spacer , and a metal fixing material is poured into the fitting portion and is fixed thereto . a hole of the spacer for inserting the other of the two leads has looseness with respect to the other of the two leads . the friction between the other of the two leads and the spacer is reduced , and even when the leads are made thin , the strength of the cathode structure is not reduced , and the production of extraneous sounds can be suppressed .

a dual wall cooking vessel is formed by the impact or friction bonding of the an inner to an outer vessel wherein a laminate of aluminum and copper layers is disposed between the outer surface of the bottom of the inner vessel and the inner surface of the bottom of the outer vessel . the aluminum layers are arranged to surround the copper layer of the uppermost aluminum layer being the upper aluminum layer being thinner than the lower aluminum layer and having a slightly smaller diameter than the copper and aluminum layer . the appropriate dimensions of the aluminum layers and sequence of welding and bonding operation results in the co - extrusion of both aluminum layers into a portion of the adjacent sidewall formed by the gap between the walls of the inner and outer vessel . this co - extruded layer s of aluminum within the side walls and the bottom of the vessel improves the heat transfer from the outer vessel to the inner vessel during cooking , but without significantly diminishing the insulating properties of the dual wall vessel that serve to keep the food warm while it is being served .

a method for identifying transactional queries includes associating user queries with forms clicks on by users who employ a search engine to place the queries during query sessions . a score is assigned to each user query . the score reflects a likelihood that the respective query is a transactional query . the query is classified as a transactional query if the score exceeds a threshold value .

Our proximity and external vantage point make M31 an ideal testbed for understanding the structure of spiral galaxies. The Andromeda Optical and Infrared Disk Survey (ANDROIDS) has mapped M31's bulge and disk out to R=40 kpc in ugriJK<SUB>s</SUB> bands with CFHT using a careful sky calibration. We use Bayesian modelling of the optical-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) to estimate profiles of M31's stellar populations and mass along the major axis. This analysis provides evidence for inside-out disk formation and a declining metallicity gradient. M31's i-band mass-to-light ratio (M/L<SUB>i</SUB> *) decreases from 0.5 dex in the bulge to ~ 0.2 dex at 40 kpc. The best-constrained stellar population models use the full ugriJK<SUB>s</SUB> SED but are also consistent with optical-only fits. Therefore, while NIR data can be successfully modelled with modern stellar population synthesis, NIR data do not provide additional constraints in this application. Fits to the gi-SED alone yield M/L<SUB>i</SUB> * that are systematically lower than the full SED fit by 0.1 dex. This is still smaller than the 0.3 dex scatter amongst different relations for M/L<SUB>i</SUB> via g - i colour found in the literature. We advocate a stellar mass of M <SUB>*</SUB>(30 kpc) = 10.3<SUP>+2.3</SUP> <SUB>-1.7</SUB> × 10<SUB>10</SUB> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> for the M31 bulge and disk.

a system of fairings to streamline the underside of a vehicle , including airfoil - shaped fairings to streamline elements of the vehicle &# 39 ; s axle / suspension system . such fairings may be pivotable and linked to the frame or body of the vehicle in such a way that they adaptively provide down - force or lift , respectively countering the tendency for a wheel to rise off the surface of the road or be squashed against the road due to cross winds or sharp turns . fairings so configured not only increase efficiency by reducing aerodynamic drag , but also improve vehicle stability , reducing any tendency for the vehicle to overturn .

the present invention provides an ink jet recording head comprising a heat generating device for generating thermal energy utilized to discharge ink , a non - linear element having a non - linear current / voltage property and adapted to drive the heat generating means , and a current adjusting device for adjusting current flowing into the non - linear element .

systems , devices , and methods are provided for drug - eluting angioplasty balloons . an underlying balloon core member is protected by a core - screen from mechanical and flow shear forces during delivery . inflation of the balloon opens the screen and pores in the screen permitting drug transfer and absorption . upon deflation , the screen can be compressed and withdrawn with the balloon .

In this paper we propose a straightforward method for understanding the thermodynamics of black holes in de Sitter space, one that will allow us to study these black holes in a way that is analogous to the anti-de Sitter case. As per usual, we formulate separate thermodynamic first laws for each horizon present in the spacetime, and study their thermodynamics as if they were independent systems characterized by their own temperature. That these systems are not entirely independent and various thermodynamic quantities in them are in fact ‘correlated’ is reflected by the fact that their thermodynamics can be captured by a single Gibbs free energy-like thermodynamic potential. This quantity contains information about possible phase transitions in the system and allows us to uncover a rich phase structure for de Sitter black holes. In particular, we discover reentrant phase transitions for Kerr-dS black holes in six dimensions, a phenomenon recently observed for their six dimensional AdS cousins.

compounds of the formula ## str1 ## are disclosed as herbicides . disclosed herein are cyclic amides of pyridine 3 , 5 - carboxylic acids substituted at the 2 - and / or 6 - position with a fluorinated methyl group . also disclosed are herbicidal use of such compounds and compositions containing them .

this invention relates to a process for resolving racemic or optically enriched 2 - benzyl - 4 - piperidone - succinic acid , comprising reacting such compound with - cis - n - benzyl - 2 -- cyclohexylamine , - cis - n - benzyl - 2 -- cyclohexylamine or - dehydroabietylamine .

generally described herein are apparatus , systems and methods related to a novel esophageal device implantable in the patient &# 39 ; s body and designed to replicate the restrictive and satiety mechanism associated with gastric banding systems known in the art . the device can be a compliant and tubular - shaped and fixated within the gastro - esophageal lumen using tissue anchors .

a driving system and driving unit for driving luminous elements has a fast build - up speed from the application of voltage to the point of light emission , thereby allowing fast scanning , as well as the capacity for miniaturization of driving sources . the driving system for driving luminous elements includes a plurality of intersecting anode and cathode lines arranged in a matrix , the anode lines being one of scan lines and drive lines , and the cathode lines being the other of scan lines and drive lines ; a plurality of luminous elements , each of the luminous elements being coupled to one of the scan lines and one of the drive lines at a point where the scan and drive lines intersect ; and control circuitry for causing at least one of the luminous elements to emit light by executing scanning of at least one of the scan lines and , during a predetermined period of the scanning , by coupling a driving source to at least one of the drive lines in synchronism with the scanning , the control circuitry resetting the scan lines before switching to a subsequent scan line by coupling each of the scan lines to a same reset voltage potential .

The Moon has been widely recognized for decades to have formed from a "Giant Impact," when a planetary embryo named Theia collided with the proto-Earth toward the end of its accretion. However, the composition and mass of Theia remain controversial, with Theia's mass estimated as ~0.1 to &gt; 0.4 Earth masses (Cameron and Ward 1976; Canup 2012). Direct samples of Theia would constrain these, and a variety of Giant Impact models predict that large, intact samples of Theia's mantle should persist today in the Earth's mantle. We propose that these sank to the core-mantle boundary and were collected by mantle convection after billions of years to form the largest structures in the mantle, the Large Low-Shear-Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs). This hypothesis is supported by isotopic ratios of He and Ne in ocean island basalts sourced from LLSVPs, as we hypothesize Theia would have ingassed solar nebula noble gases. LLSVPs comprise ~6% the mass of Earth's mantle, which could represent 13-60% of the mass of Theia's mantle, depending on Theia's size. Moreover, our systematic geodynamic modeling shows that the density anomaly needed to form LLSVP-like thermochemical piles is ~2.5%, consistent with recent estimates of Theia's mantle's density assuming chemically reduced conditions (Desch and Robinson 2019). Our results shed light on the origins of LLSVPs and the long-lasting effects of the Giant Impact on the thermal and chemical evolution of the Earth.

a pigment grade corrosion inhibitor and a method of forming the inhibitor is disclosed . the inhibitor is comprised of a host species comprised of an inorganic compound having a layered structure and a guest species comprised an anionic species of a weak acid . the host species is preferably a double hydroxide having a structure of : 1 - x m x 2 ] , where m is a divalent metal cationic species , m is a trivalent metal cationic species , and a n − is an anionic species , preferably with the species present in a range of : 0 . 2 ≦ m /+ m )≦ 0 . 4 . the guest species include : ortho - phosphoric , pyrophosphoric , tripoly - phosphoric , polyphosphoric acid ; mono - and di - alkyl or aryl - esters of ortho - phosphoric and pyrophosphoric acid ; metaphosphoric , trimeta - phosphoric , poly - metaphosphoric acid ; phosphorous acid ; derivatives of phosphonic acid ; alkyl and aryl esters of thio - phosphoric and dithio - phosphoric acid ; molybdic , phospho - molybdic , silico - molybdic acid ; boric acid ; cyanamidic acid ; nitrous acid ; derivatives of thio - and dithiocarbonic acid , including o - alkyl esters ; derivatives of dithiocarbamic acid , including n - alkyl dithiocarbamates ; pyrrolidinecarbodithioic acid ; thio - organic compounds functionalized with at least one — sh group of acidic character , including : 2 , 5 - dimercapto - 1 , 3 , 4 - thiadiazole , 2 , 4 - dimercapto - s - triazolo -- 1 , 3 - 4 thiadiazole , trithiocyanuric acid , and dithiocyanuric acid , various n —, s — and n , n —, s , s — and n , s - substituted derivatives of the above dmtd and tmt compounds ; various s - substituted derivatives of trithiocyanuric acid ; dimer and polymer derivatives of the above dmtd and tmt compounds , including 5 , 5 ′ dithio - bis - thione or 2 , and n , polymers of dmtd and 2 , dimers and polymers of tmt ; various combinations of all the above ; soluble salts of dmtd and tmt ; poly - ammonium salt of dmtd or n and tmt formed with polyamines ; mercapto - benzothiazole , mercapto - benzoxazole , mercapto - benzimidazole , and combinations , thereof ; di - and poly - mercapto compounds , including : di - mercapto derivatives of thiophene , pyrrole , furane , diazoles , and thiadiazoles ; di - and tri - mercapto derivatives of pyridine , diazines , triazines , benzimidazole , and benzothiazole , including dimercaptopyridine , 2 , 4 - dithiohydantoine , and 2 , 4 ,- dimercapto - 6 - amino - 5 - triazine ; and carboxylic and di - carboxylic acids , including ascorbic , salicylic acid , phthalic acid , nitro - phthalic acid , succinic acid , and derivatives of succinic acid , including 1 - succinic acid .

a carrier and balance assembly for installation into the jamb channel of a window frame . the carrier and balance assembly are capable of being installed into the jamb channel optionally either as a single assembly or as two separate components . the two separate components are the carrier and a hanger - balance subassembly . the advantage of installing the carrier and balance assembly as two separate components is that such installation can occur after the assembly of the window frame and even after installation of the window into the wall of a building . once the carrier and hanger - balance subassembly are separately installed in the jamb channel , they are then non - permanently locked together . should any part of the carrier and balance assembly become damaged , replacement is performed by simply reversing the process described above without having to damage the jamb channel .

a family of carboxylic acid groups containing fluorene / fluorenon copolymers is disclosed as binders of silicon particles in the fabrication of negative electrodes for use with lithium ion batteries . triethyleneoxide side chains provide improved adhesion to materials such as , graphite , silicon , silicon alloy , tin , tin alloy . these binders enable the use of silicon as an electrode material as they significantly improve the cycle - ability of silicon by preventing electrode degradation over time . in particular , these polymers , which become conductive on first charge , bind to the silicon particles of the electrode , are flexible so as to better accommodate the expansion and contraction of the electrode during charge / discharge , and being conductive promote the flow battery current .

in an approach to financial management , a data representation is formed that defines a number of data elements and relationships between the data elements according to one or more regulatory requirements . data characterizing availability of particular ones of the data elements for a financial institution are accepted , and actual or potential compliance by the financial institution with at least some of the regulatory requirements is then analyzed . the analysis can include identifying gaps in collection of values associated with the data elements for the regulator requirements , which can relate to calculation requirements and / or to reporting requirements for the regulations . data representing computations associated with the regulatory requirements can be stored and the computations can then be executed to validate other implementations of the calculation .

a control system and method for a hydraulic system that controls a fluid supply in an engine includes a timer module determines the response time of the hs to perform at least one of : increasing the pressure of the fluid supply above a predetermined threshold following the state change command and decreasing said pressure of said fluid supply below said predetermined threshold following said state change command . an update module updates the desired time of the hs based on the response time of the hs .

terminal apparatus having a telephone function stores a correlation relationship between a prefix number of a first n digits of a telephone number decided based on a numbering plan and a total number of digits for a telephone number decided based on a numbering plan , for a plurality of types of numbering plans . in the event that a user starts to input a telephone number , the terminal apparatus refers to a correlation relationship of prefix numbers and a total number of digits for the telephone number , selects a prefix number matching with the number inputted by the user , acquires the total number of digits corresponding to the selected prefix number , and in the event that the number of digits for the number inputted by the user matches the acquired total number of digits , determines that input of the telephone number is complete and carries out call processing .

a process for purifying 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 6 - hexamethyltetralin is disclosed comprising melting crude 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 6 - hexamethyltetralin in methanol with heating , cooling the resulting suspension , and adding seed crystals at a temperature of 45 °- 60 ° c . ; as well as a process for purifying 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 6 - hexamethyltetralin comprising recrystallizing crude 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 6 - hexamethyltetralin from a mixed solvent of methanol and a solvent capable of easily dissolving 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 6 - hexamethyltetralin , the proportion of this solvent being 10 to 25 % by weight based on the weight of methanol . these processes make it possible to obtain 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 6 - hexamethyltetralin of high purity easily with high recovery by purifying crude 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 6 - hexamethyltetralin .

Using the proposed space gravitational wave detector LISA, we will be able to measure the geometrical configurations of ∼10<SUP>4</SUP> close white dwarf binaries in our Galaxy. The obtained data will be an entirely new resource to examine the randomness of their orbital orientations. Partly motivated by a recent reported on the systematic alignments of bulge planetary nebulae, we discuss the outlook of the orientational analysis with LISA. We find that a quadrupole pattern as small as ∼0.05 can be detected for bulge white dwarf binaries, owing to their large available number. From such a pattern analysis, we might geometrically explore fossil records in our Galaxy billions of years ago.

an electronic business terminal has the capability of electronically displaying a plurality of individual journal entry items on a crt at the command of the terminal operator , who can cause the display of items to be scrolled backward or forward as desired , to locate a particular journal item . the information to be displayed is stored in a journal window stack . controls are provided for determining the address of the initial entry of the stack , the size of the stack and the location at which the next item is to be added to the stack . controls are also provided for display of the entries contained in the stack . a counter is provided to count the number of entries in the stack .

cpp magnetic read head designs have been improved by increasing the length of the afm layer relative to that of both the free and spacer layers . the length of the pinned layer is also increased , but by a lesser amount , an abutting conductive layer being inserted to fill the remaining space over the afm layer . the extended pinned layer increases the probability of spin interaction while the added conducting layer serves to divert sensor current away from the bottom magnetic shield which now is no longer needed for use as a lead .

an apparatus has a tank with a vertical carousel holding blocks of cheese . the carousel moves in a closed path which submerges and flips over the blocks of cheese in a chilled brine solution contained in the tank . the movement of the carrousel ensures that the cheese is cooled uniformly without deformation . while the cheese block are held in the carrousel a fluid circulation system forces chilled brine through the tank .

the present invention comprises a cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback device and a method for performing cpr . a chest compression detector device is provided that measures chest compression during the administration of cpr . the chest compression detector device comprises a signal transmitter operably positioned on the chest of the patient and adapted to broadcast a signal , and a signal receiver adapted to receive the signal . the chest compression detector device also comprises a processor , operably connected to the signal transmitter and the signal receiver . the processor repeatedly analyzes the signal received to determine from the signal a series of measurements of compression of the chest , and feedback is provided to the rescuer based on the series of measurements .

an improved infrared sensor is provided which is of the type which scans across a spatial region and detects infrared energy radiating from a celestial body and in which an input electronic signal is produced in response to the detected infrared energy , wherein the improvement comprises : amplifier circuit means for providing an amplified output signal in response to the input electronic signal ; threshold detection circuit means for detecting when the output electronic signal reaches a prescribed threshold level substantially below a saturation level of said amplifier circuit means said threshold detection circuit means comprising a thresholding circuit for providing a turn - on signal when the output signal reaches the prescribed threshold level ; and feedback circuit means for providing a feedback signal for limiting the input electronic signal provided to said amplifier circuit means , said feedback circuit means comprising a feedback amplifier circuit responsive to the turn - on signal , such that the feedback signal is provided when the output signal substantially reaches the prescribed threshold level ; wherein a feedback loop comprising said threshold detection circuit means and said feedback circuit means is characterized by a feedback ratio selected to substantially dampen unwanted oscillations in said feedback loop .

systems and methods for performing edge detection on a surface . an example system includes a camera having a line of sight approximately perpendicular to a plane associated with a camera surface , one or more illumination sources having a line of sight that is less than perpendicular to the plane by a predefined threshold amount , and a processor in signal communication with the camera . the processor receives images generated by the camera , compares the received images , and determines an edge located within one or more of the captured images based on the comparison .

sucrose fatty acid polyesters having six to eight hydroxyl groups esterified per molecule are synthesized in a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide coupling of sucrose lower esters with fatty acids in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of 4 - dimethylaminopyridine . the procedure avoids the solubility , viscosity and phase separation problems encountered in previously described syntheses , and the product of the condensation is free of contamination by alkali metal soaps used and the sucrose decomposition products formed in other methods .

a connection , and a method of forming a connection , that adhesively fixes and bonds a fastening element or anchor in bore hole , particularly in a soft substrate or substrate with an interior cavity or void where the anchor is to be set in vertical wall or set upwardly into a ceiling . to make the connection , an accessory is used that has the form of a sleeve having a closed or partially blocked insertion end and an open anchor receiving end and apertures running along its length . the accessory helps to ensure that the anchor is surrounded with mortar or adhesive , and the mortar or adhesive contacts the wall of the bore . the cylindrical wall of the sleeve has apertures along its length . the sleeve can be formed with larger apertures formed near the anchor receiving end of the sleeve and smaller apertures formed near the insertion end of the sleeve . the sleeve is formed by inserting an open - ended cylindrical mesh tube into a frame that holds the tube along its length at a select location . this select location can be near the insertion end and away from the anchor receiving end . the sleeve has an external diameter that allows the sleeve to fit into the bore in the substrate and an internal diameter that is large enough to receive the anchor that is to be secured in the bore . the length of the sleeve corresponds or is similar in length to the embedded length of the anchor . the apertures in the peripheral surface of the sleeve create passages therethrough for the uncured adhesive .

a system and method are provided for restricting access to a television by providing parental control functions . separate parental control levels are set for different users with each user having a different password . when the television is initially turned on , the default parental control level chosen is to be the level that corresponds with the most restrictive parental control level . if another user with a less restrictive parental control level wishes to change the parental control level , they enter their password for their level of parental control .

the invention relates to an abutment for connecting a dental prosthesis to a dental implant , the abutment comprising a body portion for supporting the dental prosthesis and a contact surface apical to said body portion for contacting the dental implant . in order to allow an adjustment of the tooth restoration structure to properties of a natural tooth the abutment is composed of a resin that is reinforced with fibers substantially extending over the total length of said body portion towards said contact surface .

a polyethylene floating roof design equipped with height adjustable bases . allowing full discharge of the tank and having people enter the tank and the space below the roof in case of adjusting the bases in maintenance mode for dredging and repairs .

in a microcomputer with built - in sog region system debugging is made possible using a gate array provided outside the microcomputer by supplying signals transferred between a cpu and the gate array to external terminals used for transferring signals between the interior of the microcomputer and a peripheral device outside the microcomputer . in order to supply necessary signals to the gate array connected to the external terminals , a selection circuit which outputs signals between cpu and the sog region to the external terminals by means of a mode switching signal is provided . by the provision of the selection circuit , it becomes possible to output the signals between the cpu and the sog region to the external terminals by switching , and to transmit the signals of cpu to the gate array provided outside the microcomputer . accordingly , it becomes possible to debug the system using the gate array provided outside the microcomputer .

the present invention provides a process for producing polyhydroxycarboxylic acids which comprises subjecting at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid or oligomer thereof to polycondensation in the presence of an alkali metal compound , an alkaline earth metal compound , or a compound of a metal of group iiib of the periodic table . the polyhydroxycarboxylic acids obtained by the process have a weight - average molecular weight of 30 , 000 or above and are useful as biodegradable plastics for food - wrapping films , drug delivery systems , etc .

the present invention provides trichloroethyl - sulfonylurea - containing compounds that inhibit glycing transporters , pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds , methods for using such compounds for inhibiting glycine transporters and methods for using such compounds for the treatment of disease states in which glycine is involved .

The generation mechanism of compressible fluid turbulence at kiloparsec scales in the interstellar medium is a long-lasting puzzle. In this work, we explore the nature of large-scale turbulence in the external spiral galaxy NGC 6946. We use the visibility moment estimator to measure the H I column density and line-of-sight turbulent velocity power spectra combining the new observations of A array configuration of Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) with the VLA B, C, D array observations from The H I Nearby Galaxy Survey. The estimated power spectra are obeying a power law with a slope of -0.96 ± 0.05 in column density and -1.81 ± 0.07 in line-of-sight velocity in length-scales ranging from 6 kpc to 170 pc. This points towards a forward energy cascade in the plane of the disc with a driving scale at least as large as 6 kpc. The values of the power-law indices indicate a combination of solenoidal and compressive force responsible for driving the measured turbulence. The presence of strong regular magnetic fields from the magnetic spiral arms in the galaxy is possibly contributing to the solenoidal part, while self-gravity or gravitational instability can mostly be the input for the compressive part of the forcing in the driving mechanism.

a semiconductor device is provided with a conductive layer provided on a backside of a semiconductor substrate . the conductive layer helps maintain a uniform bias voltage over the substrate . the conductive layer can also be used to apply a bias voltage to the substrate and reduce the number of bias voltage distribution regions required .

a heat shield configuration having a heat shield for shielding an object from heat and / or noise having an internal surface facing toward the object and an external surface facing away from the object as well as an opening , which goes through the heat shield having internal surface and external surface . the heat shield has a closure for at least regionally closing the opening . in addition , an actuating device is provided , which is implemented to open and close the closure as a function of a controlled variable relevant for the function of the object .

lol This release is specifically created to document the version of Firedrake used in a particular set of experiments. Please do not cite this as a general source for Firedrake or any of its dependencies. Instead, refer to http://www.firedrakeproject.org/publications.html

the visualization device comprising computation means , display means including at least one prohibited zone and a system for guiding a pointer is characterized in that the pointer can remain immobile in the prohibited zone only for a limited duration , the pointer being automatically directed toward the outside of the prohibited zone after this limited duration .

a wood - type golf club head with a main body and a metal injection molded sole portion is disclosed herein . the main body has a face portion , a crown portion a ribbon portion and a bottom opening . the metal injection molded sole portion is preferably brazed to the main body . the metal injection molded sole portion preferably has a mass ranging from 45 grams to 110 grams . the metal injection molded sole portion is preferably from 50 weight percent to 35 weight percent of the total mass of the wood - type golf club head .

the present invention relates to pro - hormone convertases and polypeptidic fragments thereof , nucleic acids encoding them , recombinant viruses expressing these convertases , polyclonal antibodies directed against the convertases , diagnostic kits for the detection and measurement of the convertase content in cell or tissue lysates , culture media or biological fluids by ria . diagnostic kits were also developped for detection or measurement of nucleic acids , preferably mrnas , in cell or tissue lysates by hybridization . the invention also concerns oligonucleotides useful as probes or as primers for dna synthesis . these oligonucleotides were included in the diagnostic kits as well as used for the obtention of specific fragments of the convertases which have served , together with native convertases , as antigens for the obtention of antibodies . the convertases were produced by mammalian cell lines transfected with the recombinant viruses and purified on affinity columns which are also an object of the invention . processes for producing the native convertases , fragments thereof and antibodies are also described and claimed .

an assembly having a mechanical process which allows a user to tie a knot in a balloon . a hook feature in the assembly will hold the end of the balloon . the neck of the balloon is wrapped around the assembly creating a loop . the hook feature is actuated by a spring loaded trigger that will pull the end of the balloon through the balloon loop which will create a knot .

an electronic high frequency induction heater driver , for a variable spray fuel injection system , uses a scalable array of zero - voltage switching oscillators that utilize full and half - bridge topology wherein the semiconductor switches are synchronous within each bridge for function , and each bridge is synchronized for function along the entire array . the induction heater driver , upon receipt of a turn - on signal , multiplies a supply voltage through a self - oscillating series resonance , wherein one component of each tank resonator circuit comprises an induction heater coil magnetically coupled to an appropriate loss component so that fuel inside a fuel component is heated to a desired temperature .

a motor vehicle roof with a fixed roof structure having a roof opening , two successive adjustable covers for closing and at least partially clearing the roof opening . at least one of the covers is selectively movable longitudinally out of its closed position into an open position and both of the covers are selectively pivotable out of their closed positions into a ventilation position .

turbine engine power extraction and acceleration capabilities are enhanced by the sensing of the amount of air that is bled off from a compressor , and biasing the acceleration schedule in relation thereto . in this way the engine shaft power extraction and / or rotor acceleration capability can be maximized by enriching the acceleration fuel schedule when compressor bleed air is extracted . the selected degree of enrichment may be applied so as to consume the entire stall margin gain , whereby the engine is made to follow the same acceleration trajectory on a compressor map notwithstanding the degree of compressor bleed , or the degree of enrichment may be applied so as to obtain the desired performance level while retaining a portion of the gained stall margin .

the present invention relates generally to hoists such as cranes which instead of steel wire ropes use high - strength fiber ropes . the invention relates in particular to an arrangement for detecting the discard state of a high - strength fiber rope when used on such hoists , with a means for detecting at least one rope parameter and an evaluation unit for evaluating the rope parameter , and providing a discard signal depending upon the evaluation of the rope parameters . according to the invention , the detection means comprises torsional stiffness detection means to determine the torsional stiffness of the rope , whereby the evaluation unit provides the discard signal depending on the determined torsional stiffness of the rope .

this invention relates to a process for preparing fluorinated c 4 to c 6 hydrocarbons by catalytically hydrogenating , in the presence of a base , at least partially halogenated olefins . this invention also relates to certain novel cyclic fluorinated c 5 and c 6 hydrocarbons prepared by the process of this invention . this invention further relates to the use of fluorinated c 4 to c 6 hydrocarbons as propellant gas or as working fluid for heat pump systems .

several methods and a system of automated motion disturbance detection and alerting are disclosed . in one embodiment , a method includes associating a protection device with a movable tangible personal property . the method also includes activating the protection device remotely . the method further includes detecting , through a sensor in the protection device , a motion disturbance of the movable tangible personal property . the method further includes automatically responding based on a set of user - specified preferences when an intensity of the motion disturbance exceeds a minimum threshold of a sensitivity associated with the protection device . the method furthermore includes relaying a confirmed motion disturbance of the movable tangible persona property to a user of the protection device . the method furthermore includes protecting the movable tangible personal property through the automatic response of the protection device . the protection device includes a sensor to detect a motion disturbance associated with a movable tangible personal property .

a guide arrangement for minimizing incorrect emplacement of a tightening tool at a plastically deformable ear of a hose clamp which includes male guide profiles in the clamp adapted to cooperate with female guide profiles in the tightening tool to permit the installer to sense proper positioning of the tightening tool when the male guide profiles are in engagement with the female guide profiles in the tightening tool .

a traction control system includes a master cylinder containing brake fluid , braking devices configured to apply braking force to associated wheels of the vehicle , a brake pedal operable by a driver of the vehicle to generate braking force by pressurizing the brake fluid , and an inlet valves for storing pressurized brake fluid to apply and temporarily hold a braking force at a slipping driven wheel . a method of providing traction control for a vehicle includes manually switching the vehicle from a normal operating mode to a traction control mode , sensing the slippage of a driven wheel , applying a braking force to the slipping driven wheel in response to a driver of the vehicle pressing a brake pedal , maintaining the braking force on the slipping driven wheel after the brake pedal is released , and gradually releasing the braking force as the slipping driven wheel gains traction .

an electromagnetic accelerometer includes a peripheral frame , a mass suspended from the peripheral frame , a plurality of strain gauges configured to detect displacement of the mass , and a magnetic motor . the magnetic motor includes a first pole piece defining a chamber , a second pole piece positioned in the chamber and coupled to the mass , a permanent magnet coupled to the first pole piece , and a coil coupled to the first pole piece . the permanent magnet and the coil surround at least a portion of the second pole piece .

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are ultra-relativistic collimated outflows, which emit synchrotron radiation throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum when they interact with their environment. This afterglow emission enables us to probe the dynamics of relativistic blast waves, the microphysics of shock acceleration, and environments of GRBs. We perform Bayesian inference on a sample of GRB afterglow data sets consisting of 22 long GRBs and 4 short GRBs, using the afterglow model scalefit, which is based on 2D relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. We make use of Gaussian processes to account for systematic deviations in the data sets, which allows us to obtain robust estimates for the model parameters. We present the inferred parameters for the sample of GRBs and make comparisons between short and long GRBs in constant-density and stellar-wind-like environments. We find that in almost all respects such as energy and opening angle, short, and long GRBs are statistically the same. Short GRBs however have a markedly lower prompt gamma-ray emission efficiency than long GRBs. We also find that for long GRBs in ISM (interstellar medium)-like ambient media there is a significant anticorrelation between the fraction of thermal energy in the magnetic fields, ϵ<SUB>B</SUB>, and the beaming corrected kinetic energy. Furthermore, we find no evidence that the mass-loss rates of the progenitor stars are lower than those of typical Wolf-Rayet stars.

A new 1.5-meter Ritchey-Chretien telescope has been inaugurated as part of the observational equipment of the Institute of Astronomy and the National Astronomical Observatory Rozhen (IANAO) at the Bulgarian Academy of Science (BAS). The telescope, designed with advanced optical and mechanical components, aims to enhance observational capabilities from NAO Rozhen. Here, we present the initial tests and setup procedures conducted for the new telescope and we describe the assembly process, alignment procedures, and calibration techniques implemented to ensure optimal performance. The tests involved nighttime observations and preliminary results highlight the successful alignment of the telescope's optics, the stability of its tracking mechanism, and the establishment of an efficient data acquisition workflow. The findings from these initial tests provide valuable insights into the telescope's capabilities and help us to set up a fully robotic telescope for observational campaigns and scientific research. This new observational instrument will primarily perform photometric and astrometric tasks. However, there is also the possibility of conducting low-dispersion spectral observations.

enhancement of the supercontinuum generation performance of a highly - nonlinear optical fiber is accomplished by incorporating at least one bragg grating structure in the hnlf . the bragg grating results in reflecting a core - guided signal into signal which also remains core - guided . the supercontinuum radiation generated by such an arrangement will exhibit a substantial peak in its energy at the grating resonance of the bragg grating and a region of increased radiation in a narrow wavelength band on the long wavelength side of the peak . a number of such bragg gratings may be formed so as to “ tailor ” the enhancements provided in the supercontinuum radiation . various , well - known bragg grating modifications may also be used in the inventive structure to enhance the generated supercontinuum .

Water vapor produces a series of diagnostic emission lines in the near infrared between 2.60 and 2.75 microns. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft detected this emission signal from Enceladus' plume, and so VIMS observations provide information about the variability of the plume's water vapor content. Using a data set of 249 spectral cubes with relatively high signal-to-noise ratios, we confirmed the strength of this water-vapor emission feature corresponds to a line-of-sight column density of order 10^20 molecules/m^2, which is consistent with previous measurements from Cassini's Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS). Comparing observations made at different times indicates that the water-vapor flux is unlikely to vary systematically with Enceladus' orbital phase, unlike the particle flux, which does vary with orbital phase. However, variations in the column density on longer and shorter timescales cannot be ruled out and merit further investigation.

a method and apparatus for manufacturing optical fibers provided with hermetic coatings , wherein the bare fiber made from a heated preform advances through a stream of reactive gaseous medium which flows at a constant speed in the direction of advance of the fiber , which is then accelerated , and which is finally removed remote from the fiber by a stream of inert gas flowing in the opposite direction from the direction of the stream of reactive gaseous medium . application is to manufacturing optical fibers for telecommunications .

a method for manufacturing integrated circuit devices wherein semiconductor elements are isolated by insulation material comprising the following steps of : providing a mask pattern on a predetermined semiconductor element region of a semiconductor substrate ; introducing by first ion - implantation impurities of the same conductivity type as that of the substrate into the substrate using the mask pattern as an ion - implantation mask ; etching the substrate and forming a groove using the mask pattern as an etching mask in a manner that part of the impurities remain at least under the mask pattern in the side walls of the groove ; introducing by second ion - implantation impurities of the same conductivity type as that of the substrate through the groove into the substrate ; burying insulation material in the groove ; and forming a semiconductor element on the predetermined semiconductor element region .

a method for holding an end of at least one optic fibre in alignment for optical communication with an end of a respective optic element at a side edge of an optic chip ; the method including the steps of : providing a fibre support supporting at least one optic fibre ; assembling the fibre support and the optic chip so as to align the end of the at least one optic fibre with the end of the respective optic element at the side edge of the optic chip , wherein the fibre support includes a first portion that is configured to extend beyond the side edge over the optic chip when the end of the at least one optic fibre is aligned with the end of the respective optic element at the side edge ; and then bonding said first portion of the fibre support to the optic chip to secure the fibre support to the optic chip .

this document relates to video transport systems and in particular , though not exclusively , where several compressed or encoded video services are multiplexed into a fixed bit rate transmission stream . there is provided a method of allocating bit - rates for video services in a transport channel . the method comprises receiving user defined weighting parameters for a number of video services ; then determining an available bit - rate for a transport channel for the video services . the method then automatically allocates a proportion of the available bit - rate to each video service according to their respective weighting parameters ; and multiplexes the video services into the transport channel according to the allocated proportions of the available bit - rate .

a package for use in displaying merchandise on a display stand wherein the merchandise is securely attached to the package and wherein the merchandise may be actually grasped and felt by the potential purchaser who may even simulate the use of the merchandise .

tiff_at_shp is a Python script to sample a TIFF image at shapefile feature points using fiona and rasterio. Version 1.0 used for analysis included in the following manuscript: S. Dufour-Beauséjour, M Bernier, J. Simon, V. Gilbert, J Tuniq, A. Wendleder and A. Roth. (2020) "Snow-covered sea ice in Salluit, Deception Bay, and Kangiqsujuaq: in situ, RADARSAT-2 and TerraSAR-X observations". Manuscript in preparation.

a construction method for fabricating structures and a system of building blocks utilized in the method is presented . the blocks are hollow and may be skeletal and formed from heavy gauge strips or molded . they include at least two sub - assemblies joined by interconnecting webs with provisions for single subassemblies to square off wall edges . each skeletal subassembly includes upper and lower frames joined together by a plurality of structural columns perpendicular to the planes of the upper and lower frames . the upper and lower frames are dimensioned to form interfitting male and female receptacles that permit the blocks to be interconnected . d - lance snap fit structures are provided in the upper and lower frames so that an assembly of blocks with structural integrity may be created by snapping together courses of blocks with each course staggered relative to the adjacent course .

a device and a method for controlled setting of a coil spring , enabling a coil spring to be blocked in controlled manner with a selected compression length , in particular when compression with touching turns is unfavorable . according to the invention , the device comprises a first support configured to hold the first end of the spring and a second support configured to hold the second end of the spring , the first and second supports being configured to move relative to each other ; the device further comprising at least one insertable rest configured to be inserted between certain turns of the spring during compression of the spring .

the present invention relates to a bootstrapping cross - polarization canceler which includes a noise - blanking limiter in the path before a correlation detector , and a processor which uses the output from the correlation detector to provide cross - polarization cancellation continuously or just during an outage condition where orthogonally received signals from a communication path include error rates which exceed a predetermined threshold . alternatively , the processor can use the output of a pseudo error detection , which detects the error rate of the orthogonally received signals , when the error rates in the received signals are below the predetermined threshold in order to achieve convergence and cross - polarization cancellation in the canceler during a non - outage period .