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information is gathered from merchants such as car dealers by online forms or other means soliciting particular differentiating factors such as services and specialties . when a consumer desires to perform a search , he or she is asked by the exemplary illustrative non - limiting implementation to input a geographical location . the illustrative exemplary non - limiting implementation may then access the merchant database and retrieve listings that comply with the geographical restraint the user requested . those listings may be further filtered based on the user &# 39 ; s specification of additional constraints related to specialties and / or servicesby conveniently selecting such options , the users can be automatically presented with a new , filtered listing that lists only those merchants meeting the predetermined criteria the user has specified . | 6 |
disclosed are a wavelength conversion device , and a light source system and a projection system therefor . the wavelength conversion device comprises a supporting structure and a plurality of wavelength conversion modules arranged together , each wavelength conversion module comprising a ceramic carrier and a phosphor material provided thereon . the supporting structure ensures that the plurality of wavelength conversion modules remain fixed relative to one another . the light source system and the projection system both comprise the present wavelength conversion device . the use of ceramic material as the carrier for the phosphor material enables high temperature resistance , and prevents detachment of the phosphor material due to deformation at high temperatures . in addition , such a modular wavelength conversion device does not crack easily , and has a flexible design and shorter production cycle . | 6 |
a furnace for the formation of a black oxide film on the surface of a thin metal sheet is disclosed which comprises a tunnel - like furnace proper provided at one terminal side thereof with an inlet and at the other terminal side thereof with an outlet , conveying means laid inside the furnace proper from the inlet through the outlet thereof for conveying a thin metal sheet from the inlet to the outlet , openable shutter means for partitioning the interior of the furnace proper into at least first and second regions on the front and rear sides respectively in the direction of conveyance of the thin metal sheet , first gas supply means for feeding into the first region on the inlet side of the furnace proper partitioned by the shutter means a mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and containing substantially no oxygen or a mixed gas containing carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide , and steam and containing substantially no oxygen , second gas supply means for feeding into the second region on the outlet side of the furnace proper partitioned by the shutter means a mixed gas containing carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide , and oxygen and containing substantially no steam , and heating means for heating the first region to a temperature in the range of 500 ° to 650 ° c . and the second region to a temperature in the range of 100 ° to 300 ° c . | 5 |
a copolymer comprising chlorotrifluoroethylene and 0 . 01 to 1 % by mole of perfluoro of the formula : r . sub . f -- o -- cf ═ cf . sub . 2 wherein r f is a c 3 - c 6 perfluoroalkyl group , and having a melt flow rate of 0 . 01 to 200 × 10 - 3 cc / sec ., which has good mechanical strength and sufficiently high melting point . | 2 |
a nasal mask of the type for delivering gas for example to ease or assist the breathing process includes a shell and a cushion connected with the shell . the shell has a side wall and a retaining ring disposed inside the side wall . the side wall and the retaining ring define a gap extending around the shell . the cushion has a side wall with an outer peripheral edge portion including a tongue extending around the cushion . the tongue of the cushion is received in the gap in the shell to secure the cushion to the shell . various straps assemblies and forehead adjusters for nasal masks are also shown . | 0 |
an output buffer circuit for preconditioning an output signal at an output node so as to provide a higher speed of operation and less ground bounce noise includes an output buffer stage , a precondition feedback circuit , an output predriver , an output tristate control circuit , and an output state retention circuit . the output pre - driver with input equalization , which is also part of precondition control , combined with the output buffer stage designed with its threshold voltage matching component &# 39 ; s input and output threshold voltage such that the output feedback , which bring the output and the input nodes of the output buffer stage together , will drive the output level to the threshold point enabled by the precondition signals before the data input signals arrive . the output buffer noise can be reduced by slowly driving output level to the output threshold point about three to four nanoseconds earlier than the data input signals arrive . the output state retention circuit is provided to help in minimizing the output glitch which occurs during output high - to - high or output low - to - low transition . | 7 |
an optical disk having a recording format for a sampled servo system and including a servo field which is preformatted , including synchronous marks for synchronizing detection , and a data field for recording data on each track . the length of the synchronous mark is defined to render the detection of the synchronous pattern possible by making it easily distinguishable from the maximum inversion interval in the data even if the optical disk is of the constant - linear - velocity type . | 6 |
an electronic device enclosure includes a base , a bracket pivotally connected with the base ; and a pair of connecting pieces pivotally attached to the bracket . the base forms a pair of projections . the connecting pieces each defines a guideway corresponding to the projections for guiding rotation of the bracket with respect to the base , and a retaining hole engaging with the projections for suspending the bracket over the base . | 7 |
We use large-scale lattice simulations to compute the rate of baryon number violating processes (the sphaleron rate), the Higgs field expectation value, and the critical temperature in the standard model across the electroweak phase transition temperature. While there is no true phase transition between the high-temperature symmetric phase and the low-temperature broken phase, the crossover is sharp and located at temperature T<SUB>c</SUB>=(159.5±1.5) GeV. The sphaleron rate in the symmetric phase (T >T<SUB>c</SUB>) is Γ/T<SUB>4=(18±3)αW5, and in the broken phase in the physically interesting temperature range 130 GeV <T<SUB><Tc</SUB> it can be parametrized as log(Γ/T<SUP>4</SUP>)=(0.83±0.01)T/GeV -(147.7±1.9). The freeze-out temperature in the early Universe, where the Hubble rate wins over the baryon number violation rate, is T*</SUB>=(131.7±2.3) GeV. These values, beyond being intrinsic properties of the standard model, are relevant for, e.g., low-scale leptogenesis scenarios. | 9 |
an automated method is provided for obtaining selected content for a web page that allows for syndication of digital assets . the selected content itself is not initially part of the web page . the web page includes script associated with the selected content . upon receiving a web page that includes script associated with the selected content , the script is interpreted . a request is then formatted for obtaining the selected content from a remote site . the request includes a uniform resource identifier of the web page and a unique identifier of the selected content . the script includes a subscriber identifier and a content identifier , which , together , create the unique identifier of the selected content . | 6 |
a trolling plate assembly is designed for mounting on a cavitation plate on an outboard motor so that a plate member can be suspended behind a motorized propeller to limit velocity of the boat . the trolling plate includes a base , and a plate member suspended from the base via lateral support bars . a release mechanism allows the plate to rotate to a non - trolling position when water pressure against the front face of the plate member exceeds a predetermined threshold . the release mechanism utilizes a ramp and roller structure . the ramp forms an angle relative to the plate member . the angle can be adjusted so that different amounts of force are required to cause rotation of the plate member past a trip - point toward the non - trolling position . | 1 |
to reduce a shaft insertion load and prevent extrusion of a seal ring to the low pressure side , a sealing device has a seal ring in an installation groove formed on a shaft to have a tapered groove bottom section and a backup ring having a tapered section corresponding to the tapered groove bottom section , a gap is provided between a side wall surface at the low - pressure side of the mounting groove and a side end surface of the backup ring , a peripheral surface of the backup ring at the opposite side of the tapered section has a tapered surface which comes closer to a peripheral surface of a housing at the low - pressure side , and the tapered section is formed to have a two - staged taper . | 5 |
a system for the water tight sealing of an electrical service cable to a receptacle box wherein a cap having a top with an under sized opening therethrough for the receipt of the cable is molded from a high modulus thermosetting rubber - like material which exhibits a high degree of elastic memory which assures the continual exertion of force upon the cable which creates an effective seal without any accessory equipment or materials . | 7 |
a method of operating a gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer comprising a gc column for separating analytes of a sample , a gc oven and a mass spectrometer comprises : providing a conduit extending between the gc oven and the mass spectrometer such that a conduit interior volume is contiguous with an interior volume of the gc oven ; routing the gc column through the gc oven and conduit interior volume to an ion source of the mass spectrometer ; providing a flow of temperature regulated air or gas between a fan or blower of the gas chromatograph and the conduit interior volume ; introducing the sample into the gc column ; controlling the temperature of the gc oven interior volume and the conduit interior volume so as to facilitate analyte separation within the gc column and transfer of the separated analytes to the mass spectrometer ; and analyzing the separated analytes with the mass spectrometer . | 6 |
a distance detection device mounted on a vehicle and the driver of the vehicle can recognize an obstacle in front of him through the device on the road on which he is driving . the device is electronic with a tv camera , memory and crt . those units enable the drive not only to recognize an obstacle on the road , but also to know the distance from his vehicle to an obstacle in front of him such as another vehicle . | 6 |
a process is provided for the removal of solvents and other contaminants from an inlet solvent laden air path . the process comprises the step of passing the sla through an adsorbent in an adsorber . the adsorbent is regenerated when it becomes saturated with solvents . the regeneration step is performed by passing a regenerating fluid , preferably steam , through the adsorber . the steam removes solvents from the adsorbent and transports the solvents out of the adsorber . the steam and solvents are condensed in a condensation step . water is separated from the condensaton produced in a separation step such as decantation and distillation . the condensed water is passed to a steam generation step . the recovered water is used as boiler feed water to generate low pressure steam . the steam generated in the steam generation step is recycled to the adsorbent regeneration step . the recycling of the water used for regenerating the adsorbent eliminates a waste water stream , thereby eliminating or reducing waste water treatments . | 2 |
Overview PING-Mapper is a Python interface for reading, processing, and mapping side scan sonar data from Humminbird® sonar systems. This release is the archived version of PING-Mapper v1.0.0 (6/1/2022) described in the companion manuscript: Bodine, C. S., Buscombe, D., Best, R. J., Redner, J. A., & Kaeser, A. J. (2022). PING-Mapper: Open-source software for automated benthic imaging and mapping using recreation-grade sonar. Earth and Space Science, 9, e2022EA002469. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002469 Features Decode Humminbird® Sonar Recordings PING-Mapper will automatically decode sonar recordings (***.DAT, ***.SON, ***.IDX files) from any Humminbird model (tested on 1197, 1198, 1199, Helix, Solix, Onix models). Export Ping Attributes All associated ping attributes (latitude, longitude, heading, depth, etc.) are automatically exported to ***.CSV. Export Sonograms Option to export non-georectified sonograms with the water column present (WCP) or with the water column removed (WCR) based on the Humminbird® sensor depth estimates and slant-range correction with a flat-bottom assumption. Export Trackline A smoothed trackline is fit to raw GPS coordinates. New coordinates are re-interpolated along the smoothed trackline to ensure optimal sonar mosaics. Export Sonar Mosaics Export georectified sonar mosaics as geotiff with the water column present (WCP; spatially inaccurate bed locations due to presence of water column) or water column removed (WCR; spatially accurate bed locations) for further analysis in any GIS. | 9 |
a light flexible hand grip and method of making with an inner tubular core of flexible rubber with apertures formed therein and an outer tubular cover disposed over the core with a lighter weight annular flexible foam spacer between the core and outer cover . the spacer may be formed by injecting curable material through the apertures . the apertures may be formed by inserting a mandrel in the core , punching the holes and removing the mandrel . | 0 |
The Mira in the bright, dusty, symbiotic binary R Aquarii undergoes eclipses of multiyear duration every ~44 yr by a large, opaque accretion disk. The 2020 eclipse was confirmed by I-band photometry. High-resolution M- and K-band spectra were observed near the midpoint of the eclipse, in 2020 August and September. The 4.5-5.5 μm spectrum during eclipse is a complex blend of disk and Mira features. Continuum emission from the disk region contributes to both the 2.3 μm and 4.6 μm region. The lowest energy vibration-rotation CO lines contain multiple absorption features from ~780 K gas flowing across the disk away from the Mira. CO fundamental and overtone emission lines are also present. The eccentricity of the orbit results in significant orbital variation in the size of the Roche lobes. At periastron the Roche radius of the secondary is ~4.0 au, smaller than both the 5 au geometric radius for the disk and estimates for the disk size from models. Fundamental band CO 2-1 emission originates from a thin, eccentric ring with inner radius ~4.75 au and outer radius ~6.9 au. The CO emission is identified with regions where the disk has been disrupted near the time of periastron. CO 3-2 fundamental band lines and low-excitation lines in the CO 2-0 and 3-1 overtone bands originate in a Mira-facing spot, 6.3 au from the accretion disk center, near the inner Lagrange point. | 9 |
an apparatus including a plurality of input keys for user interfacing said input keys being relocatably mounted on said apparatus and can be relocated to other positions on said apparatus adapted for receiving said input keys , said input keys include identification means which co - operate with detection means of said apparatus for ascertaining the individual identity of said input keys , said input keys also include indicia for user identification and selection . | 7 |
a compound differentially threaded element engages two or more longitudinally severed segments of a mating threaded element to provide differential linear motion . different thread types may include pitch , thread starts , handedness or thread - form . combinations of differential threads may be selected to enable fine or coarse linear motion without correspondingly fine or coarse thread pitches . | 5 |
a guard element having a deflector for covering the gap between an escalator step and an escalator side wall . the guard element comprises an elongate body portion which supports the deflector and an elongate mounting portion which is adapted to abut the escalator side wall . the body portion is provided with a formation which interengages with a corresponding formation provided on the mounting portion . in a preferred embodiment , the formation on the mounting portion comprises a t - shaped rib and the formation on the body portion comprises a t - shaped recess . | 1 |
a compression limiter is disclosed that comprises an upper surface and a lower surface . the compression limiter further comprises an inner surface that defines a passageway configured to accommodate a fastener and an outer surface configured to engage a structure in which the compression limiter is placed . a first retainer projects outwardly from the outer surface and includes a first retention surface that has at least a planar portion . the first retainer further includes an undercut surface disposed inwardly from the first retention surface so as to create a corner extending in a direction with at least a component perpendicular to the longitudinal direction . a method of forming the compression limiter is also disclosed . | 5 |
Recent observations show that the buildup and triggering of minifilament eruptions that drive coronal jets result from magnetic flux cancelation at the neutral line between merging majority- and minority-polarity magnetic flux patches. We investigate the magnetic setting of 10 on-disk small-scale UV/EUV jets (jetlets, smaller than coronal X-ray jets but larger than chromospheric spicules) in a coronal hole by using IRIS UV images and SDO/AIA EUV images and line-of-sight magnetograms from SDO/HMI. We observe recurring jetlets at the edges of magnetic network flux lanes in the coronal hole. From magnetograms coaligned with the IRIS and AIA images, we find, clearly visible in nine cases, that the jetlets stem from sites of flux cancelation proceeding at an average rate of ∼1.5 × 10<SUP>18</SUP> Mx hr<SUP>-1</SUP>, and show brightenings at their bases reminiscent of the base brightenings in larger-scale coronal jets. We find that jetlets happen at many locations along the edges of network lanes (not limited to the base of plumes) with average lifetimes of 3 minutes and speeds of 70 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. The average jetlet-base width (4000 km) is three to four times smaller than for coronal jets (∼18,000 km). Based on these observations of 10 obvious jetlets, and our previous observations of larger-scale coronal jets in quiet regions and coronal holes, we infer that flux cancelation is an essential process in the buildup and triggering of jetlets. Our observations suggest that network jetlet eruptions might be small-scale analogs of both larger-scale coronal jets and the still-larger-scale eruptions producing CMEs. | 9 |
in a specific embodiment a cam unit comprised of three differently profiled cams acts on follower portions or working surfaces on a shiftable first rocker arm to cause a second rocker arm to open and close a valve associated with the combustion chamber or cylinder of an internal combustion engine in accordance with the cam profiles and the contours of the follower surfaces to maintain the valve completely closed , such as during engine deceleration , vary the valve duration and produce a lesser valve lift to effect an engine throttling mode of operation , and vary the valve duration and produce a greater valve lift for a higher engine performance . | 5 |
a method of producing chemical cellulose pulp from sawdust utilizing a static down - flow retention vessel comprising the steps of continuously pressurizing a flow of sawdust using a progressive cavity pump to produce a pressurized sawdust feed for a treatment vessel , passing the pressurized sawdust feed at super - atmospheric pressure downwardly in the treatment vessel , adding treatment white black liquor to the treatment vessel , and treating the pressurized sawdust feed in the treatment vessel with treatment white black liquor to form a treated sawdust , and discharging treated sawdust from the treatment vessel . | 3 |
embodiments of the invention relates to avoiding out - of - space conditions in storage controllers operating with efficiency capabilities between virtual space in a data container and real space in a storage container . both the real space and the virtual space are monitored and their respective usage is compared to provide information about occupancy of the real space to the virtual space . usage of the containers is balanced by employing a virtual file associated with a reserved portion of free capacity in the virtual space . | 6 |
a tool for using in aligning , fastening , supporting , and sealing adjacent sections of a mandrel having a curved outer surface is provided . this tool has a t - shaped cross section and includes a leg section that has a composite sheet extending through the middle of it and a top section that is integral with said leg section . the top section has a pair of grooves therein spaced apart from each other along the length of the tool where o - ring means fits in the grooves and seals the adjacent section of the mandrel gas tight . | 1 |
aspects of the invention for testing and debugging an embedded device under test may include the step of loading an instruction into a parameterized shift register of a bist module coupled to each one of a plurality of embedded memory modules comprising the embedded device under test . an identity of the loaded instruction may be determined subsequent to loading the instruction into the parameterized shift register . a plurality of test signals may be generated which correspond to the determined identity of the loaded instruction . in this regard , each of the generated plurality of test signals may control the execution of the testing and debugging of a corresponding one of each of the plurality of embedded memory modules that make up the embedded device under test . | 6 |
there are described apparatus and methods wherein ultraviolet light kills and / or degrades and vaporizes microorganisms and organic material which naturally form over time on a heat exchanger . as this matter is eliminated , the pressure drop is decreased and the heat exchange efficiency is increased . less energy per btu removed is used by the cooling system , and less energy is used by the hvac system to move air . | 5 |
a device for the heat treatment of bulk material comprising a horizontal trough - shaped container having a driven shaft extending longitudinally therethrough on which shaft are mounted radially extending arms on which are provided mixing tools and heat exchange plates removably suspended in the container between the mixing tools . a heating or cooling medium can be passed through the plates to heat or cool the bulk material . | 5 |
method of fabricating led assembly disclosed herein can provides a string of original colored high intensity leds usable for screen displaying or traffic signal lights molded by injecting harmless polyacrylic resin in a short time duration and at low temperature . | 8 |
The velocity profile of galaxies around voids is a key ingredient for redshift space distortion (RSD) measurements made using the void-galaxy correlation function. In this paper, we use simulations to test whether the velocity profile of the tracers used to find the voids matches the velocity profile of the dark matter around these voids. A mismatch is expected and found in the inner part of voids, where tracers are very sparse. We discuss how this difference is caused by a selection effect where the void centre positions are correlated to the particular realization of the sparse tracers and their spatial distribution. In turn, this then affects the RSD void-galaxy correlation analysis. We show this by evaluating the Jacobian of the real to redshift space mapping using the tracer or matter velocity profile. Differences of the order of 20 per cent in the velocity profile translate into differences of the order of few per cent in the Jacobian. This small discrepancy propagates to the monopole and quadrupole of the void-tracer correlation function, producing modifications of comparable magnitude to those from changes in fσ<SUB>8</SUB> at the level of the statistical uncertainties from current analyses. | 9 |
<BR /> Aims: We aim at constraining the angular momentum evolution of low-mass stars by measuring their rotation rates when they begin to evolve freely towards the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS), i.e., after the disk accretion phase has stopped. <BR /> Methods: We conducted a multisite photometric monitoring of the young open cluster h Persei, which has an age of ~13 Myr. The observations were done in the I-band using four different telescopes, and the variability study is sensitive to periods from less than 0.2 day to 20 days. <BR /> Results: Rotation periods are derived for 586 candidate cluster members over the mass range 0.4 ≤ M/M<SUB>⊙</SUB> ≤ 1.4. The rotation period distribution indicates a slightly higher fraction of fast rotators for the lower mass objects, although the lower and upper envelopes of the rotation period distribution, located respectively at ~0.2-0.3 d and ~10 d, are remarkably flat over the whole mass range. We combine this period distribution with previous results obtained in younger and older clusters to model the angular momentum evolution of low mass stars during the pre-main sequence (PMS) phase. <BR /> Conclusions: The h Per cluster provides the first statistically robust estimate of the rotational period distribution of solar-type and lower mass stars at the end of the PMS accretion phase (≥10 Myr). The results are consistent with models that assume significant core-envelope decoupling during the angular momentum evolution to the ZAMS. <P />Based on observations made with telescopes at the Maidanak Observatory, at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, at the Byurakan Observatory, and with MegaPrime/MegaCam on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT).Appendix A is available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org">http://www.aanda.org</A>The list of periodic objects including periods and photometric measurements (Table 2) is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/560/A13">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/560/A13</A> | 9 |
methods and compositions are provided for isolation of proliferating cells . in particular , the methods enrich stem cells in a mixture of stem cells and non - stem cells , and in some cases the non - stem cells may be differentiated cells . the methods exploit the non - adherent property of stem cells , as opposed to the adherent property of differentiating cells , by serially passaging the suspended cells in liquid media . | 2 |
The v0.6.0 release includes several new features, bug fixes, and overall improvements to the codebase. Here are the key changes: 📏 Benchmarking and Improved Unit Tests This release introduces a new benchmark util to more easily track regressions in our training pipeline along with improved unit tests with the help of the hypothesis package: [feat] Add benchmark tools by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/357 Add hypothesis tests for ILQL and fix edge cases by @cat-state in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/370 🦙 LLaMa and Alpaca PPO/SFT Support PPO support and examples for LLaMa are now available and we've baked in an example for instruction fine-tuning models with the Alpaca dataset using our SFT trainer: [feat] Add LLaMa Model support for PPO by @PhungVanDuy in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/375 Add Alpaca by @cat-state in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/400 5️⃣ T5 ILQL Support T5 models can now be fine-tuned with ILQL: Support ILQL for T5 model, Fix PPO T5 for refactored code by @PhungVanDuy in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/290 Fixes Remove example usage of deprecating trlx.train dataset arg by @jon-tow in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/331 Remove logit_mask unused argument by @cat-state in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/332 [fix] Convert the rest of configs from ymls by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/346 fix default_ilql_config in notebook by @xu-song in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/350 hot-fix: update PPOConfig import in examples by @jon-tow in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/352 [fix] Update AdaptiveKLController with correct KL by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/361 [fix] Drop <eos> from ILQL sample's phrases by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/362 fixes half exp not implemented error by @Dahoas in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/363 [fix] ILQL total_steps calculation when running distributed by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/374 [fix] split for validation by @hzwer in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/369 fix(docs): Update incorrect PPORLElement logprob tensor shape hint by @jon-tow in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/377 [fix] Enable HF downloads from a revision by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/382 [fix] Fix ILQL head sync under ZeRO3 by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/387 [fix] Preserve <eos> token and in-place it after trimming by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/401 Nemo ILQL fixes by @cat-state in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/404 What's Changed Move to Python config classes instead of ymls by @cat-state in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/306 Add intermediate checkpointing to accelerate trainers by @jon-tow in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/349 Enable infinite dataloader for prompt_dataloader in PPO Trainer by @alexandremuzio in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/358 [feat] Add optional dependency list by @reciprocated in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/381 Add some synchronization to the db download in the simulacra example by @dakinggg in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/406 ## New Contributors @xu-song made their first contribution in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/350 @hzwer made their first contribution in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/369 @alexandremuzio made their first contribution in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/358 @dakinggg made their first contribution in https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/pull/406 Full Changelog: https://github.com/CarperAI/trlx/compare/v0.5.0...v0.6.0 | 9 |
The combination of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation and multi-wavelength observations is an effective way to study the mechanisms of magnetic flux rope eruption. We develop a data-driven MHD model using the zero-β approximation. The initial condition is provided by a nonlinear force-free field derived from the magneto-frictional method based on vector magnetic field observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The bottom boundary uses observed time series of the vector magnetic field and the vector velocity derived by the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator for Vector Magnetograms. We apply the data-driven model to active region 11123 observed from 06:00 UT on 2010 November 11 to about 2 hr later. The evolution of the magnetic field topology coincides with the flare ribbons observed in the 304 and 1600 Å wavebands by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. The morphology, propagation path, and propagation range of the flux rope are comparable with the observations in 304 Å. We also find that a data-constrained boundary condition, where the bottom boundary is fixed to the initial values, reproduces a similar simulation result. This model can reproduce the evolution of a magnetic flux rope in its dynamic eruptive phase. | 9 |
an air filter for a well is installed within a well casing of the well . the air filter forming an airtight seal around the well casing of the well , such that all the air that enters and exits the well must pass through the air filter . the air filter preferably includes a filter housing , at least one removable gasket and a removable filter cartridge installed within an opening extending through the filter housing . the air filter prevents dirt , dust , bacteria , gaseous chemicals , volatile organic compounds , , insects and other air born contaminants from entering and possibly contaminating the well . an air filter may also be installed within a vent pipe extending through a well seal attached to the top of a well casing of a well . | 1 |
a movement analysis system may use a force sensing mat to record a pattern of applied force from the user &# 39 ; s feet as the user undergoes a series of directed movements . the movements may be directed by the system through indicator lights in the mat and / or directions provided on a display screen . the user &# 39 ; s response to these directions may be recorded and analyzed to derive indications of the best exercise regime based on the user &# 39 ; s capabilities . | 0 |
a vision system for a vehicle includes a camera module having a camera and a circuit board . with the camera module disposed at the windshield , the camera has a field of view forward of the vehicle and through the vehicle windshield . the camera includes an imager and a lens . the camera is electrically connected to circuitry established at the circuit board via a flexible electrical connection . the circuitry , via the flexible electrical connection , provides power to the camera and receives image data from the camera , and may control the camera . with the camera module disposed at the windshield , the circuit board is angled relative to a principal axis of the field of view of the camera . | 1 |
a coupling assembly is provided for releasably interconnecting confronting ends of conduit members . the coupling assembly creates a self - locking , and self - bonding connection wherein locking and unlocking is achieved by a predetermined amount of rotation of a lock nut group with respect to a stationary threaded flange . the overall construction of the coupling assembly creates the rigid connection between the conduit members , yet adequate sealing between the conduit members is provided by a single sealing member . | 5 |
the output state of a pulse wave optimum to the user and applied to the head of the user is automatically set while improving the wearability of the electrodes , and different output states of pulse waves can be simultaneously applied to a large number of users . a pulse wave of predetermined pattern is given to the skin near an ear of the user and / or of the back of a hand of the user to directly stimulate and activate the brain . this stimulation is significantly effective especially for colorblindness . by systematizing such a revolutionary therapy , pulse waves of different patterns can be applied to a large number of patients , enabling a quick , effective therapy . | 0 |
a method and apparatus for storing , retrieving and distributing multimedia information having frequently accessed multimedia information stored in solid state memory and less frequently accessed multimedia information stored in a mass storage device . | 8 |
remote control units with lanyard attachment mechanisms are disclosed . a handheld remote control assembly can include an anchor member , a lanyard coupled to the anchor member , and a device to be carried by the lanyard . the device includes a body and a receptacle formed in the body , the receptacle configured to receive the anchor member therein . a housing can removably cover the receptacle to secure the anchor member in place , and a notch in the housing receives a portion of the lanyard therethrough . | 0 |
A meta verifier (ESBMC as back-end) based on machine learning for verifying concurrent problems. | 9 |
a monitoring system is provided that allows owners of monitoring accounts to share web monitoring data collected under the direction of the monitoring account . account owners are able to interact with the monitoring system to identify recipient accounts for shared web monitoring data and apply permissions at a granular level so that portions of monitored data can be shared with varying permission levels . grouping can also be employed by an account owner to facilitate efficient sharing of monitoring data to many recipient accounts . the monitoring system also provides analysis utilities that can be used by a recipient account to aggregate shared with owned data and generate related reports as desired . | 6 |
a method of automatically configuring media connections when operating in forced speed and duplex mode , includes : connecting a first pair of connectors to a first pair of conductors and a second pair of connectors to a second pair of conductors during a first state , and connecting the first pair of connectors to the second pair of conductors and the second pair of connectors to the first pair of conductors during a second state ; and holding the first state or the second state if operating in forced speed and duplex mode , a defined time has not expired and another end of a link can receive a signal . an apparatus for automatically configuring media connections when operating in forced speed and duplex mode , includes : a media switch configured to connect a first pair of connectors to a first pair of conductors and a second pair of connectors to a second pair of conductors during a first state , and to connect the first pair of connectors to the second pair of conductors and the second pair of connectors to the first pair of conductors during a second state ; and a processor coupled to the media switch and configured to hold the first state or the second state if operating in forced speed and duplex mode , a defined time has not expired and another end of a link can receive a signal . | 7 |
the present invention is provided to manufacture a semiconductor device capable of polishing evenly and separating the adjacent word lines by performing the flattening process using slurry with a doping material added during the polishing process . | 7 |
a cmos imager having reduced dark current and methods of forming the same . a nitrided gate oxide layer having approximately twice the thickness of a typical nitrided gate oxide is provided over the photosensor region of a cmos imager . the gate oxide layer provides an improved contaminant barrier to protect the photosensor , contains the p + implant distribution in the surface of the p + pinned region of the photosensor , and reduces photon reflection at the photosensor surface , thereby decreasing dark current . | 7 |
a reclosable pouch having a resealable mouth and an elongate closure mechanism . the closure mechanism includes a pair of interlocking members extending from a first surface of a first base member that are parallel to each other with a space therebetween . the pair of interlocking members has constant profiles between opposite ends . a plurality of partial indentations extends longitudinally along a second surface of the first base member at positions opposite to the space between the pair of interlocking members . a pair of interlocking members extends from a surface of a second base member and are parallel to each other with a space therebetween . the pair of interlocking members each has constant profiles between opposite ends . the pair of interlocking members extending from the first base member are configured to interlock with the pair of interlocking members extending from the second base member , in order to resealably close the mouth . | 1 |
an electrochemical cell assembly including a plurality of testing cells , a reference cell , and fluid connections between the testing cells and the reference cell . each of the testing cells includes a working electrode , which is a rotating disk or ring - disk electrode , and a counter electrode . a chemical composition , whose intrinsic kinetic properties under defined mass - transfer are to be investigated , is deposited on the working electrode . the reference cell holds a reference electrode that serves as a common reference electrode for each of the testing cells . the assembly permits simultaneous testing of many chemical compositions under identical environment . | 6 |
a method for presenting a bioorganism &# 39 ; s evolutionary passage through at least a portion of its life , by reference to a selected physiological parameter emanating from the bioorganism , as an alternative to use of conventional horology , which includes selecting a physiological parameter specific to the bioorganism itself , one which continuously and repeatedly occurs , for the most part involuntarily , throughout and only throughout the bioorganism &# 39 ; s life , and then detecting the repeated occurrences generated by the parameter . | 6 |
The four basic methods: Analogue Markov Chain, FeedForward Neural Network, Dynamical Galerkin Approximation, Reservoir Computing. Also included the codes to automatically run these methods with any parameters and generate the comparison plots. The implementation of the AMOC box model and double-gyre model are also included, as well as all necessary files to run them. | 9 |
M dwarfs host most of the exoplanets in the local Milky Way. Some of these planets, ranging from sub-Earths to super-Jupiters, orbit in their stars’ habitable zones (HZs), although many likely possess surface environments that preclude habitability. Moreover, exomoons around these planets could harbor life for long timescales and thus may also be targets for biosignature surveys. Here we investigate the potential habitability, stability, and detectability of exomoons around exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs. We first compile an updated list of known M-dwarf exoplanet hosts, comprising 109 stars and 205 planets. For each M dwarf, we compute and update precise luminosities with the Virtual Observatory spectral energy distribution Analyzer and Gaia DR2 parallaxes to determine inner and outer boundaries of their HZs. For each planet, we retrieve (or, when necessary, homogeneously estimate) their masses and radii, calculate the long-term dynamical stability of hypothetical moons, and identify those planets that can support habitable moons. We find that 33 exoplanet candidates are located in the HZs of their host stars and that four of them could host Moon- to Titan-mass exomoons for timescales longer than the Hubble time. | 9 |
a computer - readable medium storing a support program that causes a computer to execute operations , the operations including reading out , from a memory that stores arrangement information on a component on a circuit and analysis information indicating a result of an analysis on the component , the arrangement information on the component and generating image information , reading out the analysis information that is information related to whether or not an examination is to be carried out with respect to the component from the memory , and changing a display attribute of the component which is included in the image information in accordance with the analysis information . | 6 |
a bag support for a riding lawn mower grass collector includes a rectangular framework attached to a mower with grass directing hood . a grass bag has a resilient frame extending substantially around bag opening . a much larger leaf bag has a resilient frame extending substantially around bag opening . frames include three continuous coplanar sides and a fourth side with a central open space bounded by a pair of handles extending perpendicularly outward from frame . the sections of the fourth side adjacent open space are at an acute angle to the plane of the three coplanar sides . frames are configured to match separate portions of framework . framework includes transverse brackets and at locations to correspond with alternate sizes of bag or . handle retaining brackets are attached to rear of framework to receive handles . brackets , resilient frame , bracket or and angled segments of the fourth side of frames cooperate to provide a sealing engagement between framework and matching frames . framework can thus support a plurality of small bags or a single larger bag by utilizing brackets or , respectively . | 0 |
with regard to components it is necessary to test specimens of materials in order to determine acceptability for objective component performance . previously such testing generally involved fixing and clamping of the test specimen which produced artificial stressing conditions . by providing a specimen component typically in the form of an elongate member which is suspended between mounting ends a combination is provided which has inertia . in such circumstances when a projectile impacts upon the elongate member that elongate member flexes and deforms and this deformation can be monitored for testing purposes . the projectile is arranged to have a relatively facile compliant nature upon impact with the component such that there is no local stressing of the component whilst suspending the mounting ends substantially avoids clamp resilience distorting objective or realistic stressing conditions . | 6 |
We present a mass measurement for the secondary lens along the line of sight (LoS) in the multi-plane strong lens modeling of the group-scale lens CASSOWARY 31 (CSWA 31). The secondary lens at redshift $z = 1.49$ is a spiral galaxy well aligned along the LoS with the main lens at $z = 0.683$. Using the MUSE integral-field spectroscopy of this spiral galaxy, we measure its rotation velocities and determine the mass from the gas kinematics. We compare the mass estimation of the secondary lens from the lensing models to the mass measurement from kinematics, finding that the predictions from strong lensing tend to be higher. By introducing an additional lens plane at $z = 1.36$ for an overdensity known to be present, we find a mass of $\simeq 10^{10}$ M$_\odot$ enclosed within 3.3 kpc from the centroid of the spiral galaxy, approaching the estimate from kinematics. This shows that secondary-lens mass measurements from multiple-plane modeling are affected by systematic uncertainties from the degeneracies between lens planes and the complex LoS structure. Conducting a detailed analysis of the LoS structures is therefore essential to improve the mass measurement of the secondary lens. | 9 |
a system for integrating environmental sensors and asynchronous ubication repeaters forming an n - point spatially random virtual lattice network includes a ubication repeater for communicating both positional and environmental information to a two - way radio transceiver used by police or firefighters . the ubication repeater initially determines its position upon actuation from the two - way radio transceiver where environmental information can be transmitted to the firefighter &# 39 ; s two - way radio transceiver or to a central location . the central location can provide a composite overview of an environmental situation during an emergency . | 0 |
the invention relates to a device for protecting a display facility , comprising a protective element for covering an image surface of the display facility . as the protective element is designed to be transparent and the retaining means are provided for the exchangeable arrangement of the protective element in front of the image surface , a protective device is provided , which allows the image surface to be examined and is easy to operate . | 0 |
a saw carriage or module for manually , semiautomatically or automatically cutting stems typically supplied by a stem handling apparatus , which stem handling apparatus delivers full - sized , substantially tree - length stems to one or more of the saw carriages for cutting into logs , poles or other segments . during automatic operation of the module stems are typically scanned by an optical device and the physical characteristics of the scanned stem are sent to a computer , which selects the cutting pattern and transfers this information to a programmable logic controller . the programmable logic controller typically orchestrates positioning of one or more linearly - adjustable saw carriages or modules and on - board carriage saw blades to optimize cutting of the stems into the segments . after the modules and saws are so positioned , each stem is sequentially transferred by the handling apparatus to the saw modules , where it is positioned , clamped and cut into multiple segments at the preselected optimum points . stem segments are ejected from the saw carriages or modules by ejecting devices provided on each module . | 8 |
We use data from the Magellanic Edges Survey (MagES) in combination with Gaia EDR3 to study the extreme southern outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), focussing on a field at the eastern end of a long arm-like structure which wraps around the southern periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Unlike the remainder of this structure, which is thought to be comprised of perturbed LMC disc material, the aggregate properties of the field indicate a clear connection with the SMC. We find evidence for two stellar populations in the field: one having properties consistent with the outskirts of the main SMC body, and the other significantly perturbed. The perturbed population is on average ~0.2 dex more metal-rich, and is located ~7 kpc in front of the dominant population with a total space velocity relative to the SMC centre of ~230 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> broadly in the direction of the LMC. We speculate on possible origins for this perturbed population, the most plausible of which is that it comprises debris from the inner SMC that has been recently tidally stripped by interactions with the LMC. | 9 |
the invention relates to a method for reducing the viability of detrimental oral microorganisms in an individual , said method comprising subjecting the individual &# 39 ; s oral cavity to a bioactive glass , the average particle size of which is less than 100 μm . furthermore , this invention concerns a method for the prevention of dental caries and / or gingivitis in an individual , said caries being caused by a cariogenic bacteria ; or for prevention or treatment of periapical infections . further the invention relates to a method for the whitening and / or mechanical cleaning of an individual &# 39 ; teeth . | 0 |
a circuit and a method are presented which allow for the detection of an active communication device connected to the circuit . the circuit output signal can be used to reduce the power consumption of related equipment when communication is not detected for a predetermined period of time . the circuit includes a plurality of input terminals coupled to respective inactive detection blocks . the circuit also includes an accumulated delay block having delay circuits in serial electrical communication . each inactive detection block provides a signal to a respective delay circuit that indicates whether the corresponding input terminal is connected to an active driver in the communication device . each delay circuit provides a delayed output signal to a subsequent delay circuit . the accumulated delay block provides an output signal indicating the presence or absence of the communication device based on the activity at the input terminals over the predetermined period of time . | 8 |
We present a theoretical study of the gravitational wave (GW) driven inspirals of accreting black hole binaries with mass $M = 10^7 M_\odot$ and mass ratios between $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-1}$. Our results are based on analytic estimates, and grid-based hydrodynamics simulations run for many thousands of binary orbits before the merger. We show that the GW inspiral is evident in the light curves and color evolution of a binary-hosting quasar, over years to decades before a merger. The long-term electromagnetic (EM) signature is characterized by a gradual UV brightening, and X-ray dimming, followed by an X-ray disappearance hours to days before the GW burst, and finally a years-like re-brightening as the disk relaxes and refuels the remnant black hole. These timescales are surprisingly insensitive to the amplitude of viscous stress in the disk. The spectrum of quasi-thermal disk emission shows two peaks: one in the UV, and another in the X-ray, associated with the outer and circum-secondary disks respectively; emission from the inner disk is suppressed because the secondary consumes most of the inflowing gas. We discuss implications for real-time and archival EM followup of GW bursts detected by LISA. | 9 |
disclosed is an elongated , tubular , compact high pressure sprayer apparatus for insertion into an access port of vessels having contaminated interior areas that require cleaning by high pressure water spray . the invention includes a spray nozzle and a camera adjacent thereto with means for rotating and raising and lowering the nozzle so that areas identified through the camera may be cleaned with a minimum production of waste water to be removed . | 1 |
the present disclosure relates to a privacy - based representation of a user identity within an online system . a method for representing a user identity within an online system is provided , comprising : requesting a user identity of a user of the online system by a viewer ; retrieving a status of the viewer with regard to the user ; based on the status of the viewer , determining a representation of the user identity ; and providing the representation of the user identity to the viewer . furthermore , an online system and a data structure representing a user identity of a user of an online system are defined . | 7 |
an improved manufacturing process and an improved device made by the process for retarding diffusion of implanted dopants during subsequent high - temperature processing . a layer of an electrically inactive species is implanted well below the active dopant layers , and the excess interstitials due to damage from the electrically inactive species layer form a retarding gradient which opposes dopant diffusion . using this process , shallow source - drain junctions can be achieved , and lateral encroachment of ldd implants under the gate can be minimized . | 7 |
Simple Intensity Map Producer for Line Emission (public code) | 9 |
see https://slideruleearth.io/rtd/release_notes/release_notes.html | 9 |
an audible output device useful in timepiece or calculator devices , features a prestored and preselected order of digital codes representing speech words and pauses , to be outputted through gate circuitry responsive to the pause codes . | 6 |
Context. Polarimetry is a very powerful tool for uncovering various properties of astronomical objects that otherwise remain hidden in standard imaging or spectroscopic observations. While common observations only measure the intensity of light, polarimetric measurements allow us to distinguish and measure the two perpendicular components of the electric field associated with the incoming light. By using polarimetry it is possible to unveil asymmetries in supernova explosions, properties of intervening dust, characteristics of atmosphere of planets, among others. However, the reliable measurement of the low polarization signal from astronomical sources requires a good control of spurious instrumental polarization induced by the various components of the optical system and the detector. <BR /> Aims: We perform a detailed multi-wavelength calibration study of the FORS2 instrument at the VLT operating in imaging polarimetric mode to characterize the spatial instrumental polarization that may affect the study of extended sources. <BR /> Methods: We used imaging polarimetry of high signal-to-noise ratio blank field BVRI observations during the full moon, when the polarization is expected to be constant across the field of view and deviations originate from the instrument, and a crowded star cluster in broad-band RI and narrow-band H<SUB>α</SUB> filters, where the individual polarization values of each star across the field can be measured. <BR /> Results: We find an instrumental polarization pattern that increases radially outwards from the optical axis of the instrument reaching up to 1.4% at the edges, depending on the filter. Our results are closely approximated by an elliptical paraboloid down to less than ∼0.05% accuracy, and ∼0.02% when using non-analytic fits. We present 2D maps to correct for this spurious instrumental polarization. We also give several tips and tricks for analyzing polarimetric measurements of extended sources. <BR /> Conclusions: FORS2 is a powerful instrument that allows the linear polarimetry of extended sources to be mapped. We present and discuss a methodology that can be used to measure the polarization of such sources, and to correct for the spatial polarization induced in the optical system. This methodology could be applied to polarimetric measurements using other dual-beam polarimeters. <P />Based on observations made with FORS2 at the VLT, ESO under programs 60.A-9800(C) and 0101.D-0142(A). | 9 |
a composite material with tailored anisotropic electrical and thermal conductivities is described . a material consists of a matrix material containing inclusions with anisotropic geometrical shapes . the inclusions are arranged in layers oriented perpendicular to the principal direction of electrical and thermal energy flow in the material . the shapes of the inclusions are such that they represent strong or weak barriers to energy flow depending on whether the major axis of the inclusions are parallel to or antiparallel to the flow direction . | 1 |
in a constant temperature liquid circulating apparatus , in order to determine parts and locations requiring maintenance work and maintenance time intervals before the occurrence of an irregular operation , so that any downtime in operation of a constant temperature liquid circulating apparatus is made as short as possible , a system is provided in which respective components of the apparatus are provided with sensors for use in monitoring various kinds of condition amounts in a continuous manner . especially , among such components , a three - way proportional valve is provided between the outlet of a heat exchanger and an inlet to a holding tank , in a cooling liquid circulating circuit which supplies a constant temperature cooling liquid to a load , and a sensor is provided which detects a degree of valve opening of the three - way proportional valve . a trend line of the three - way proportional valve opening is monitored continuously , and when the trend line shows signs of rising above a certain valve opening percentage , such a tend is taken as an indication that the cooling capacity of the apparatus may be decreasing , and preventative measures are undertaken to investigate the cause of such irregular operation . | 5 |
This is the first release of the repository that accompanies the publication: "Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil" (Under review) | 9 |
the invention provides a light scanning device for scanning light from a light source , the light scanning device having : a pivotably mounted mirror for receiving light from the light source ; a counterbalance ; and a drive for oscillatorily pivoting the mirror and the counterbalance simultaneously in opposite directions to reduce uncoupled forces . | 6 |
a protocol of activating and administering human blood cells so that bone marrow histology and / or blood cell counts of patients suffering from a plastic anemia approach normal . the protocol includes culturing the blood cells in the presence of a cytokine and an ionophore . it is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure . it is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims . | 2 |
a system is provided for monitoring , regenerating and replacing the code of running applications with semantically equivalent , specialized code versions that reflect the demands of the execution environment . the system includes a co - designed compiler and runtime system that virtualizes a selected set of edges in a host program , where these edges provide hooks through which the runtime system may redirect execution into an intermediate representation utilized to optimize introspective and extrospective processes . | 6 |
a fluid discharge apparatus adapted to discharge a cavitating stream of pressurized liquid along with the selective discharge of a secondary material , such as an abrasive , for removing dirt , debris , barnacles , marine growth , and other substances from submerged surfaces is provided . more particularly , the invention contemplates a introducing a pressurized liquid into a cavitation generating chamber to create and discharge a cavitating stream , and a secondary inlet for injecting abrasive material , such as silica , into the chamber to improve cleaning effectiveness . the gas bubbles within the cavitating liquid stream that essentially explode upon impacting debris resulting in tremendous pressure fluxuations provides improved effectiveness in removing debris and aquatic growth from the submerged surface . the combination of a secondary substance , such as an abrasive material , foam , or compressed gas enhances cleaning effectiveness . the invention further improves upon the control of such devices with controls , such as a pistol grip or rotational grip controllers , that allow the diver / operator to adjust flow rates and thrust without releasing his grasp . an improved hand - held apparatus is disclosed with a pistol grip and trigger actuator , and an improved wheeled vehicle is disclosed with improved control handles adapted to actuate valves and closure ports . | 1 |
New release to activate Zenodo DOI. | 9 |
a claw - pole permanent - magnet stepping motor includes a pair of cases containing two or more inductors in symmetrical arrangement with multiple claw poles . the case unit has an oval shape having thin flat side walls or thin stepped side walls and connecting thick arcuate surfaces operating to resist external flux leakage from the motor and eliminating magnetic circuit obstructions . the cases , side walls , and inductors allow the motor to have a width to length ratio from about one to one to about one to two thus allowing a reduction in size and a low profile design while retaining available output torque . | 7 |
a method of sample preparation for transmission electron microscope analysis is disclosed . the method renders a typical tem analysis on a sample having a photoresist layer practical . the method uses a conductive layer and a dielectric layer to protect a photoresist layer of the tem sample from slicing damages and ion bombardments . the conductive layer and the dielectric layer can also isolate the photoresist layer from moisture and oxygen - contained environments and prevent the photoresist layer from shrinking . moreover , the entire tem sample preparation process need not use any organic solvent or water to clean the sample . | 6 |
an ion source for an intense ion beam from a solid source is formed with a cathode around a central anode . a source of magnetic field with closely spaced poles is formed around a central region of the cathode so that the most intense region of the magnetic field is a torus on the inside of the cathode and the field at the anode is weak . a torus of plasma can be formed near the inside surface of the cathode which can be coated with solid source material . an ion beam can be extracted through an aperture in the cathode . | 7 |
a floating heatsink is disclosed for components mounted within an electromagnetic enclosure . the floating heatsink includes an aperture within the enclosure wall against which a floating heatsink is disposed on the interior of the enclosure . the floating heatsink is dimensioned to overlap the enclosure around the aperture . a resilient bias member is disposed along the overlap between the floating heatsink and the enclosure . the resilient bias member acts as an electromagnetic gasket while urging the floating heatsink against the component . in certain embodiments the component is replaceable via a second aperture in the enclosure . the floating heatsink is particularly useful for overcoming the need for thermal compounds of heatsinks using the enclosure known in the art . | 6 |
We study ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in zoom in cosmological simulations, seeking the origin of UDGs in the field versus galaxy groups. We find that while field UDGs arise from dwarfs in a characteristic mass range by multiple episodes of supernova feedback (Di Cintio et al.), group UDGs may also form by tidal puffing up and they become quiescent by ram-pressure stripping. The field and group UDGs share similar properties, independent of distance from the group centre. Their dark-matter haloes have ordinary spin parameters and centrally dominant dark-matter cores. Their stellar components tend to have a prolate shape with a Sérsic index n ∼ 1 but no significant rotation. Ram pressure removes the gas from the group UDGs when they are at pericentre, quenching star formation in them and making them redder. This generates a colour/star-formation-rate gradient with distance from the centre of the dense environment, as observed in clusters. We find that ∼20 per cent of the field UDGs that fall into a massive halo survive as satellite UDGs. In addition, normal field dwarfs on highly eccentric orbits can become UDGs near pericentre due to tidal puffing up, contributing about half of the group-UDG population. We interpret our findings using simple toy models, showing that gas stripping is mostly due to ram pressure rather than tides. We estimate that the energy deposited by tides in the bound component of a satellite over one orbit can cause significant puffing up provided that the orbit is sufficiently eccentric. We caution that while the simulations produce UDGs that match the observations, they under-produce the more compact dwarfs in the same mass range, possibly because of the high threshold for star formation or the strong feedback. | 9 |
rechargeable containers and dispensers , in particular spray bottle dispensers including structures such as strips , pouches , pills , capsules , discs and the like for providing concentrates of chemical agents for charging or recharging the spray bottle dispenser , preferably , individual chemical refill charges containing chemical concentrate are deployed within the spray bottle dispenser to fully contain any inadvertent spillage of chemicals , and to insure a high degree of safety against accidental spills or ingestion . the device is specifically designed for reuse , having a wider opening which is easier to fill , clean and refill without spills , readily accommodates concentrate inserts in any format , minimizes trigger failure , and has a wide base for stability . | 1 |
a sealing assembly is clampable to the end of a threaded male pipe section . the assembly includes an aperture which guides a drill bit radially inwards to establish a radial blind bore in the outer surface of the pipe section into the threads thereof . a cylinder is slidably positionable over the aperture and carries an elongate strip of resilient sealing material slidably disposed in a transverse slot therethrough and a slidable cylindrical punch shaft coaxially aligned with the cylinder . radially inward movement of the shaft punches out a cylindrical sealing plug from the strip . the plug is forced by continued inward movement of the shaft along a cylindrical aperture in the cylinder which receives the shaft and is in coaxial alignment therewith until the plug is press - fit into the radial blind bore . upon make up of a pipe joint comprising the male section having the thus installed plug and a female section , the internal threads of the female section cut through the outer surface of the sealing plug thereby effecting a fluid - tight seal between the threads of the respective sections , thereby preventing helical fluid leakage in the space formed between the mating threads of each section . | 4 |
<BR /> Aims: We investigated the thermal and chemical structure in the near-core region of stars with a convective core by means of gravito-inertial modes. We determined the probing power of different asteroseismic observables and fitting methodologies. We focus on the case of the B-type star KIC 7760680, rotating at a quarter of its critical rotation velocity. <BR /> Methods: We computed grids of 1D stellar structure and evolution models for two different prescriptions of the temperature gradient and mixing profile in the near-core region. We determined which of these prescriptions is preferred according to the prograde dipole modes detected in 4 yr Kepler photometry of KIC 7760680. We considered different sets of asteroseismic observables and compared the outcomes of the regression problem for a χ<SUP>2</SUP> and a Mahalanobis distance merit function, where the latter takes into account realistic uncertainties for the theoretical predictions and the former does not. <BR /> Results: Period spacings of modes with consecutive radial order offer a better diagnostic than mode periods or mode frequencies for asteroseismic modelling of stars revealing only high-order gravito-inertial modes. We find KIC 7760680 to reveal a radiative temperature gradient in models with convective boundary mixing, but less complex models without such mixing are statistically preferred for this rotating star, revealing extremely low vertical envelope mixing. <BR /> Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest the use of measured individual period spacing values for modes of consecutive radial order as an asteroseismic diagnostic for stellar modelling of B-type pulsators with gravito-inertial modes. | 9 |
The formation of the first galaxies during cosmic dawn and reionization (at redshifts z = 5-30), triggered the last major phase transition of our universe, as hydrogen evolved from cold and neutral to hot and ionized. The 21-cm line of neutral hydrogen will soon allow us to map these cosmic milestones and study the galaxies that drove them. To aid in interpreting these observations, we upgrade the publicly available code 21cmFAST. We introduce a new, flexible parametrization of the additive feedback from: an inhomogeneous, H<SUB>2</SUB>-dissociating (Lyman-Werner; LW) background; and dark matter - baryon relative velocities; which recovers results from recent, small-scale hydrodynamical simulations with both effects. We perform a large, 'best-guess' simulation as the 2021 installment of the Evolution of 21-cm Structure (EOS) project. This improves the previous release with a galaxy model that reproduces the observed UV luminosity functions (UVLFs), and by including a population of molecular-cooling galaxies. The resulting 21-cm global signal and power spectrum are significantly weaker, primarily due to a more rapid evolution of the star formation rate density required to match the UVLFs. Nevertheless, we forecast high signal-to-noise detections for both HERA and the SKA. We demonstrate how the stellar-to-halo mass relation of the unseen, first galaxies can be inferred from the 21-cm evolution. Finally, we show that the spatial modulation of X-ray heating due to relative velocities provides a unique acoustic signature that is detectable at z ≈ 10-15 in our fiducial model. Ours are the first public simulations with joint inhomogeneous LW and relative-velocity feedback across the entire cosmic dawn and reionization, and we make them available at this link https://scholar.harvard.edu/julianbmunoz/eos-21. | 9 |
a method for cold working metal structures . a compound indenter is used to produce deformation in a workpiece , to provide a selected beneficial residual stress profile , to provide improved fatigue life structures with minimal manufacturing steps . a compound indenter deforms a workpiece , resulting in dimples therein . a relatively uniform beneficial residual stress profile is provided at the surface and at the midplane of apertures in a workpiece , so as to improve overall fatigue life . a compound indenter tool having a first , elongate indenter with a shaped indenter surface portion , and a second shaped indenter surrounding the first indenter and forming an annular shoulder recessed from the surface portion of the first indenter , is used . optionally , a foot having a bottom portion is used to confiningly surround an indenter during application of deforming force to the surface of a workpiece , to prevent deformation of adjacent workpiece surface . | 1 |
we describe an integrated waveguide device that creates entanglement between a sequence of periodically spaced photons in a single input and output mode . the device consists of a polarization maintaining integrated waveguide chip containing a number of delay lines , integrated multimode interferometers with the potential for rapid switching , a polarization controller and off chip computer logic and timing . the device is capable of creating a diverse array of outputs such as linear cluster states and ring cluster states in a single output mode . | 7 |
the present invention encompasses a novel method for synthesizing highly pure salts of the general formula q + a − , wherein the starting materials are reacted in the presence of water , and wherein q + is and wherein a − is | 2 |
a string assist apparatus and method includes a support and a resilient extension connected to the support . when placed in position on an instrument , one end of a string is connected to a bridge . the string is passed over the top of resilient extension and connected to tuning post . as string is wound around tuning post tension is applied by resilient extension keeping the end of string in place on bridge and freeing both user &# 39 ; s hands to attend to the winding process . a connector for removably attaching the invention to the instrument and a height adjuster for adjusting the height of the resilient extension are also provided . | 6 |
method and apparatus for sharpening a tool , such as a drill bit . a tool sharpener includes a tool holder subassembly which retains and presents the tool against a grinding wheel subassembly . a sensor locates a cutting edge of the tool while the tool is retained by the tool holder . a circuit , preferably comprising a programmable processor , determines a web thickness of the tool from the located cutting edge . the cutting edge is preferably located by detecting at least first and second points at different radii along the cutting edge . a cross - feed subassembly preferably moves the sensor into position , and the tool holder subassembly preferably rotates the tool to facilitate detection of each of the at least first and second points . the tool holder subassembly thereafter presents the tool against the grinding wheel subassembly in response to the determined web thickness of the tool . | 1 |
a system and method to secure a free - standing automatic teller machine . an attachment plate having a plurality of sleeves that align with attachment point on an atm is embedded in a concrete platform before the concrete is cured . the atm is positioned on the surface of the attachment plate so that its attachment points aligned with a subset of sleeves . the atm is then bolted into the sleeves . when so installed it is nearly impossible to dislodge the atm from the platform with typical mechanical equipment such as trucks , tractors etc . | 6 |
an apparatus for the compaction of foundry mold making material using gas under pressure , comprises a pressure vessel for the such gas , a mold flask , a filling frame , a pattern plate and a pattern thereon onto which the material is to be loosely heaped . the flask , frame and plate form a mold chamber under the pressure vessel and between them there a valve is placed , the valve having a movable valve member adapted to open up a flow cross section of the valve predominantly under the effect of gas under pressure in the pressure vessel . the valve member is guided within the pressure vessel , with the valve member being adapted to perform an opening motion , which at least mainly directed into the mold chamber . | 1 |
the invention relates to synthetic hybrid rock compositions , articles of manufacture and related processes employing mineral waste starting materials such as mine tailings , mine development rock , ash , slag , quarry fines , and slimes , to produce valuable articles of manufacture and products , which are characterized by superior physical and structural characteristics , including low porosity , low absorption , increased strength and durability , and retained plasticity . the resulting materials are compositionally and chemically distinct from conventional synthetic rock materials as demonstrated by scanning electron microprobe analysis , and are useful in a wide variety of applications , particularly with respect to commercial and residential construction . | 1 |
The pulsar PSR J1756-2251 resides in a relativistic double neutron star binary system with a 7.67-h orbit. We have conducted long-term precision timing on more than 9 yr of data acquired from five telescopes, measuring five post-Keplerian parameters. This has led to several independent tests of general relativity (GR), the most constraining of which shows agreement with the prediction of GR at the 4 per cent level. Our measurement of the orbital decay rate disagrees with that predicted by GR, likely due to systematic observational biases. We have derived the pulsar distance from parallax and orbital decay measurements to be 0.73_{-0.24}^{+0.60} kpc (68 per cent) and <1.2 kpc (95 per cent upper limit), respectively; these are significantly discrepant from the distance estimated using Galactic electron density models. We have found the pulsar mass to be 1.341 ± 0.007 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, and a low neutron star (NS) companion mass of 1.230 ± 0.007 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. We also determined an upper limit to the spin-orbit misalignment angle of 34° (95 per cent) based on a system geometry fit to long-term profile width measurements. These and other observed properties have led us to hypothesize an evolution involving a low mass-loss, symmetric supernova progenitor to the second-formed NS companion, as is thought to be the case for the double pulsar system PSR J0737-3039A/B. This would make PSR J1756-2251 the second compact binary system providing concrete evidence for this type of NS formation channel. | 9 |
a nitride semiconductor substrate having a rugged surface being lapped by whetting granules to roughness between rms5 nm and rms200 nm , which has a function of reducing dislocations of a gan , ingan or algan layer epitaxially grown on the lapped substrate by gathering dislocations in the epi - layer to boundaries of holes , pulling the dislocations to bottoms of the holes . higher roughness of the nitride substrate degrades morphology of an epitaxially - grown layer thereon but reduces dislocation density to a lower level . morphology of the epi - layer contradicts the dislocation density of the epi - layer . the nitride semiconductor substrate can reduce dislocation density and can be low cost and useful substrates . | 7 |
the disclosed system and method for improving aerodynamic stability of aeronautic vehicles generally includes an ejectable grid fin adapted for releasable engagement with aeronautic vehicles . the grid fin is generally configured to optimize the flight performance characteristics of the aeronautic vehicle taken in engaged combination with the grid fin as compared with the flight performance of the aeronautic vehicle taken alone . disclosed features and specifications may be controlled , adapted or otherwise optionally modified to improve the aerodynamic stability and / or control of a variety of deployed aeronautic vehicles . exemplary embodiments of the present invention generally provide ejectable grid fins that may be used in conjunction with missiles mounted on an eject rail of an aircraft . | 5 |