Datasets:

knguyennguyen

/

wikipedia_laptop_relevance

like 0

IBM ThinkPad 750 The IBM ThinkPad 750 is a series of notebook computers from the ThinkPad series manufactured by IBM. Features The 750 series included support for Cellular digital packet data. They also included the pop-up keyboard. The RAM could be expanded with an IC DRAM Card that contained ICs from Hitatchi. Models 750 750C 750CS 750P Comparison Reception A review of the 750C by the Los Angeles Times noted the excellent screen and the keyboard that be lifted up. It also noted the high price. References External links Thinkwiki.de - 750 IBM laptops ThinkPad

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo A10 tablet The Lenovo A10 tablet is an Android tablet computer. Launch The A10 launched in 2014 at a price of $250 in the United States. Specifications and performance The A10 has a 10.1-inch IPS display with a resolution of 1280 by 800. Its CPU is a 1.3 gigahertz quad-core MediaTek processor. It has 1 gigabyte of RAM. A 5 megapixel rear camera and 2 megapixel front camera are included. The A10 has two front-facing speakers with enhancements from Dolby. A microSD card slot allows storage expansion. Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n are supported, as is Bluetooth 4.0. With a capacity of 6,340 mAh, the A10 offers relatively long battery life. The A10's shell is dark blue and has a smooth, matte finish, with rounded corners. It weighs 1.2 pounds. The A10 has what Lenovo calls a "Smart Side Bar" that offers easy access to recent apps and shortcuts for display controls. It can be swiping from the bezel to the center of the screen. Lenovo packages the A10 with an app from Dolby Audio to manage sound settings. The A10 ships with Android 4.4.2 with an upgrade to version 4.4.3 available for download. Reviews A review for CNET stated, "The Lenovo A10's design, screen, and performance may not be high-end, but when you close your eyes and listen to its speakers, it definitely sounds high-end. The 10-inch tablet is one of the few with speakers that won't make you cringe in horror when they're at full blast." In a review for Greenbot, Blake Stimac wrote, "The Lenovo A10 isn't without competition, and some may find competing tablets like the Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 10.1 superior. Still, I'd go as far to say that the A10 has the best speakers on any tablet in its price range, and that's not something to ignore. Personally, if I were in the market for a 10-inch budget tablet, I'd be torn between Lenovo's tablet and Samsung's. If you're looking for a decent tablet at a decent price, the Lenovo A10 should at very least be on your consideration list, despite the troubling display resolution." References Tablet computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Compaq Portable series Compaq's first computers' form factors were portable, also called "luggables", and then "lunchbox computers", and together constituted the Compaq Portable series. These computers measured approximately on the side, and were approximately wide. As the products evolved, laptops and notebooks were created offing a new level of portability that caused the market to explode. Some of the portables, the Portable and Portable II, had CRT monitors, while later the Portable III and the Portable 386) had flat, monochrome, usually amber, plasma displays. The portables came/could come with internal hard disk drives on .5" shock mount springs; diskette drives, usually 5" double- or quadruple-density drives; batteries; and/or a dual-ISA expansion chassis, about one full-drive-height wide. Note this was before the term "ISA" became a standard. The Compaq Portable 486 included mono and color LCD screens and were battery powered. Machines of the series Compaq Portable – Compaq's first computer; first 100% IBM PC compatible Compaq Portable Plus – Compaq's version with built-in hard drive Compaq Portable 286 – Compaq's version of the PC AT in the original Compaq Portable chassis; equipped with 6/8-MHz 286 and a high-speed 20-MB hard drive Compaq Portable II – smaller and lighter version of Compaq Portable 286; it was less expensive but with limited upgradability and a slower hard drive Compaq Portable III Compaq Portable 386 Compaq Portable 486 and Compaq Portable 486c The Compaq Portable is an early portable computer which was one of the first 100% IBM PC compatible systems. It was Compaq Computer Corporation's first product, to be followed by others in the Compaq Portable series and later Compaq Deskpro series. Initial Production and Competition The Compaq Portable was announced in November 1982 and first shipped in March 1983, priced at US $2,995 () with a single half-height 5¼" 360 kB diskette drive or $3,590 for dual, full-height diskette drives. The Compaq Portable folded up into a luggable case the size of a portable sewing machine. Compaq sold 53,000 units in the first year with a total of $111 million in revenue, an American Business record. In the second year revenue hit $329 million setting an industry record. Third year revenue was at $503.9 million, another US business record. The computer was an early all-in-one, becoming available two years after the CP/M-based Osborne 1 and Kaypro II, in the same year as the 8088 and MS-DOS-based (but not entirely IBM PC compatible) Dynalogic Hyperion, and a year before the Commodore SX-64. Its design was influenced by that of the Xerox NoteTaker, a prototype computer developed at Xerox PARC in 1976. Other portable "work-alikes", that were not PC compatible clones include the Seequa Chameleon, and Corona Data Systems' Model PPC-400, and Eagle Computer's Eagle Spirit Portable. They were all short-lived competitors. IBM responded to the Compaq Portable with the IBM Portable, developed because its sales force needed a comparable computer to sell against Compaq. Design The Compaq Portable has basically the same off-the-self hardware as an IBM PC, transplanted into a luggable case (specifically designed to fit as carry-on luggage on an airplane), with Compaq's BIOS instead of IBM's. All Portables shipped with 128k of RAM and 1-2 double-sided double-density 360 KB disk drives. The machine uses a unique hybrid of the IBM MDA and CGA which supports the latter's graphics modes, but contains both cards' text fonts in ROM. When using the internal monochrome monitor the 9x14 font is used, and the 8x8 one when an external monitor is used (the user switches between internal and external monitors by pressing ). The user can use both IBM video standards, for graphics capabilities and high-resolution text. With a larger external monitor, the graphics hardware is also used in the original Compaq Deskpro desktop computer. Compaq used a “foam and foil” keyboard from Keytronics, with contact mylar pads that were also featured in the Tandy TRS-80, Apple Lisa 1 and 2, Compaq Deskpro 286 AT, some mainframe terminals, SUN Type 4, and some Wang keyboards. The foam pads the keyboards used to make contact with the circuit board when pressed disintegrate over time, due to both the wear of normal use and natural wear. The CRT display also suffered from a low refresh rate and heavy ghosting. Software Compaq's efforts were possible because IBM had used mostly off-the-shelf parts for the PC and published full technical documentation for it, and because Microsoft had kept the right to license MS-DOS to other computer manufacturers. The main difficulty was the BIOS, because it contained IBM's copyrighted code. Compaq solved this problem by producing a clean room workalike that performed all documented functions of the IBM PC BIOS, but was completely written from scratch. Although numerous other companies soon also began selling PC compatibles, few matched Compaq's achievement of essentially-complete software compatibility with the IBM PC (typically reaching "95% compatibility" at best).Then Phoenix Technologies and others began selling similarly reverse-engineered BIOSs on the open market. The first Portables used Microsoft DOS essentially identical to PC DOS 1.10 except for having a standalone BASIC that did not require the IBM PC's ROM Cassette BASIC, but this was superseded in a few months by MS-DOS 2.00 which added hard disk support and other advanced features. The initial Portables are similar to the 16k-64k models of the IBM PC in that the BIOS was limited to 544k of RAM and did not support expansion ROMs, thus making them unable to use EGA/VGA cards, hard disks, or similar hardware. After DOS 2.x and the IBM XT came out, Compaq upgraded the BIOS. Although the Portable was not offered with a factory hard disk, users commonly installed them. Starting in 1984, Compaq began offering a hard-disk equipped version in the Portable Plus. The original hard disks offered would be 10 or 21 megabytes, although bad sectors often reduced the space available for use. Reception BYTE wrote, after testing a prototype, that the Compaq Portable "looks like a sure winner" because of its portability, cost, and high degree of compatibility with the IBM PC. Its reviewer tested IBM PC DOS, CP/M-86, WordStar, Supercalc, and several other software packages, and found that all worked except one game. PC Magazine also rated the Compaq Portable very highly for compatibility, reporting that all tested applications ran. It praised the "rugged" hardware design and sharp display, and concluded that it was "certainly worth consideration by anyone seeking to run IBM PC software without an IBM PC". Later Models The Compaq Portable Plus simply had a hard drive to replace one floppy disk drive, and logos and badges with gold backgrounds instead of silver. Independent computer stores were previously doing this upon request of users, and Compaq saw this as a lost revenue opportunity. In 1985, Compaq introduced the Portable 286, although it was replaced by the more compact Portable II in a redesigned case within a few months. The Portable 286 featured a full height hard disk, and the options of one half-height floppy drive, two half-height floppy drives, or a half-height floppy drive and a tape backup drive The Compaq Portable 286, Compaq's version of the PC AT was offered in the original Compaq Portable chassis; equipped with 6/8 MHz 286 and a high-speed 20 MB hard drive The Compaq Portable II – was smaller and lighter version of Compaq Portable 286; it was less expensive but with limited upgradability and a slower hard drive, The Compaq Portable III was another AT-compatible computer released in 1987. It was advertised as being much smaller and lighter than the previous portable x86-PCs, however it was still quite large by today's standards. Three models were announced at release. The Model 1 had a list price of $3999 USD and was equipped with a Intel 80286, RAM, floppy, and a colored gas-plasma display. Other options included the Model 20 at $4999 USD which added a , or for the Model 40 with the upgraded . There was also an optional ISA Expansion chassis allowed for 2 full length 16-bit ISA add-in cards for . Power is supplied using a mains electricity outlet, no battery exists. The Compaq Portable III, Compaq Portable 386, Compaq Portable 486 and Compaq Portable 486c were later in the series. References External links Old Computers - Compaq Portable CED in the History of Media Technology - Compaq Portable Obsolete Computer Museum - Compaq Portable description See also Compaq SLT laptop series Compaq LTE notebook series - initially co-developed with Citizen Watch Company Compaq Contura value notebook series Compaq Contura Aero subnotebook series Compaq Aero handheld series Compaq Concerto pen table convertible IBM PC compatibles

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Sony Vaio G series The Sony Vaio G series was a range of ultraportable subnotebook computers launched in 2007 with a 12.1" display. Launch specs were a 1024x768 12.1" screen, Windows Vista, Intel Core Solo low-voltage U1500 (1.33 GHz) CPU, Intel GMA 950 graphics, 1GB RAM and a 100GB 5400rpm hard drive. It weighed 1.13 kg and included DVD burner, gigabit ethernet, Bluetooth and 802.11abg wireless. In October 2007 the model was updated with Intel Core 2 Duo U7500 (1.06 GHz) CPU. One configuration exclusive to the Japan market featured an Intel Celeron SU2300 (1.2 GHz), 2GB-8GB RAM, Core 2 Duo SU9400 (1.4 GHz) or SU9600 (1.6 GHz) CPU, a choice of hard drive or dual SSDs, and Windows 7. It was possible to order a G Series without an optical drive, in which case the weight is reduced to 868 grams. References G Computer-related introductions in 2007

laptop Form Factor and Weight

ThinkPad T61 The ThinkPad T61 is a laptop computer manufactured by Lenovo. References External links thinkwiki.de - T61 IBM laptops Lenovo laptops ThinkPad

laptop Form Factor and Weight

2-in-1 PC A 2-in-1 PC, also known as convertible laptop, 2-in-1 tablet, 2-in-1 laptop, 2-in-1 detachable, laplet, tabtop, laptop tablet, or simply 2-in-1, is a portable computer that has features of both tablets and laptops. Before the emergence of 2-in-1s and their denomination as such, technology journalists used the words convertible and hybrid to denominate pre-2-in-1 portable computers: Convertible typically denominated those that featured a mechanism to conceal the physical keyboard by sliding or rotating it behind the chassis, and hybrid those that featured a hot-pluggable, complementary, physical keyboard. Both pre-2-in-1 convertibles and hybrids were crossover devices that combined features of both tablets and laptops. The later 2-in-1 PCs comprise a category that is a sibling to both the pre-2-in-1 convertibles and hybrids. Models of 2-in-1 PC were each similarly denominated either a 2-in-1 convertible or 2-in-1 detachable, respectively, and despite borrowing the terminology of the pre-2-in-1 PCs, the two species of 2-in-1 PCs are distinct from the two species of pre-2-in-1 PCs because 2-in-1 PCs have additional features of traditional laptops. 2-in-1 PCs consist of portable computer components within light and thin chassis, and exemplify technological convergence. They are convenient for media consumption and non-intensive tasks in tablet mode yet useful for content production in laptop mode. Form-factors 2-in-1 convertible 2-in-1 convertibles are tablets with the ability to rotate, fold, or slide the keyboard behind the display. On most devices, the hinge is situated at the display and keyboard junction. However, the Dell XPS Duo is unique in that the display sits in a frame that allows the screen to be spun. Netvertible Rotational-convertible format is where in addition to the conventional hinging action, the central single hinge mechanism is also able to rotate about a central axis perpendicular to the keyboard surface, such that the laptop can be turned into a thick tablet. Most netvertibles have the option to support active (electromagnetic) stylus and/or touch screen (resistive or capacitive), some being ruggedized such as Panasonic Toughbook CF series. Other examples include Toshiba Portege M7xx, Fujitsu LifeBook T series and HP EliteBook Revolve series. 2-in-1 detachable 2-in-1 detachable are devices with detachable keyboards. In most cases, the keyboard part provides few, if any, additional features (most often a touchpad, as in the HP Spectre x2). However, the keyboards of some detachable provide additional features similar to those of a docking station such as additional I/O-ports and supplementary batteries. For instance, the Surface Book can leverage the discrete GPU in the keyboard upon the keyboard's connection. When connected to the keyboard, the display of the detachable can either be free-standing on the hinge or require external support, often in the form of a kickstand. Novel ways of providing external support include the bending frame and locking mechanism of the HP Spectre x2. Though the keyboard is usually bundled with the purchase of a 2-in-1 detachable, it is occasionally deemed an optional accessory by manufacturers in order to minimize the starting price of a device. In such cases the 2-in-1 detachable is often displayed with its complementary keyboard in advertisements and promotional materials. This is true for all devices of the Surface and Surface Pro lines. Distinction from traditional tablets and laptops 2-in-1s fall in the category of hybrid or convertible tablets but are distinct in that they run a full-featured desktop operating system and have I/O ports typically found on laptops, such as USB and DisplayPort. The most prominent element is the keyboard that allows the 2-in-1 to provide the ergonomic typing experience of a laptop. While 2-in-1s fall in a category distinct from laptops, they loosely parallel the traits of the Ultrabook device category, having light and thin chassis, power-efficient CPUs, and long battery lives. They are distinguished from traditional Ultrabooks by the inclusion of a touchscreen display and a concealable or detachable keyboard. Examples The earliest device that can be considered a 2-in-1 detachable is the Compaq Concerto from 1993. It came preinstalled with Windows 3.1 and Windows for Pen Computing, and had a cabled detachable keyboard, and battery powered stylus. In June 1994, IBM introduced the ThinkPad 360P, which features a display that can be rotated backwards and closed down into a pen-operated tablet. Mainstream attention for 2-in-1 PCs was not achieved until nearly two decades later, when many manufactures showed devices, at that time referred to as "hybrid" devices, at CES 2011. While Packard Bell, Acer and HP all had Microsoft Windows based 2-in-1s by 2011, Lenovo released the well reviewed Windows 2-in-1: The X220 Tablet variant of the ThinkPad X220, successor of 2010's ThinkPad X201 Tablet. The 12-inch device included a digital stylus housed within the chassis, somewhat ruggedized construction, and a multi-touch screen with a twist and fold hinge. Microsoft started its own line of 2-in-1s with the introduction of the Surface Pro series, the first of which was released in February 2013. It had a 10.6-inch (27 cm) display, Intel Core i5 CPU, and included the Pro Pen stylus and a detachable keyboard that doubled as a protective screen cover. In 2015 Microsoft introduced the Surface Book series, which, similar to the Surface Pro series, features a detachable keyboard cover and Surface Pen stylus. Samsung entered the 2-in-1 PC market with the release of the Windows-based Samsung Galaxy TabPro S, which was released in March 2016. It had a 12-inch display, Intel Core m3 CPU, a first-party keyboard attachment, and a TabPro Pen. Its successor, the Galaxy Book, was released in February 2017. Coming in a 10.6-inch model and a 12-inch model, the Galaxy Book has an improved detachable keyboard and include an S Pen. Google entered the 2-in-1 market after it announced the Pixel Slate in October 2018. It runs on Chrome OS and features a 12.3-inch display. It includes two USB-C ports, but it omits the headphone jack. The featured Pixel Keyboard and Pixelbook Pen are sold separately. Since 2012, a number of other prominent laptop manufacturers, such as Dell, Asus, and Sony have also begun releasing their own 2-in-1s. While the iPad Pro has optional Smart Keyboard and Apple Pencil accessories, Apple has yet to release a true 2-in-1 PC in a detachable form-factor and with a similar desktop OS, citing the quote below. Criticism In April 2012 Apple's CEO Tim Cook, answering to the question of the researcher Anthony Sacconaghi about a possible hybrid of iPad and MacBook, compared a 2-in-1 to a combination of "a toaster and a refrigerator" that "doesn’t please anyone": 2-in-1s are natively supported by the Microsoft Windows, and Google Chrome OS operating systems. Various other Linux distributions also support some touch features of 2-in-1s, though they are generally unsupported by hardware vendors. See also Tablet Laptop References Laptops Tablet computers Classes of computers Classes of mobile computers Personal computers Crossover devices 2-in-1 PCs American inventions

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP Pavilion dv2000 series The HP Pavilion dv2000 is a model series of laptops manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company that features a 14.1" diagonal display. Models dv2890nr (Artist Edition) - Features the Artist Edition Imprint finish dv2700se (Special Edition) - Features the Verve Imprint finish dv2700bw (Broadband Wireless Series) - Includes a built in WWAN card dv2700t - Uses An Intel Processor dv2700z - Uses An AMD Processor dv2500se (Special Edition) - Features the Verve Imprint finish dv2500bw (Broadband Wireless Series) - Includes a built in islamiccard dv2500t - Uses An Intel Processor dv2500z - Uses An AMD Processor dv24xx - Uses AMD Processors (DV2410, DV2412, DV2416, DV2419, DV2420) dv2322la (Latin America) - Uses An Intel Pentium Dual-Core Processor dv2200la (North-Latin America) - Uses An Intel Core Duo-Core Processor dv2000t - Uses An Intel Processor dv2000z - Uses An AMD Processor Note: The dv2000z series (AMD) was never sold as a CTO option on the HP website. Pre-configured AMD versions were sold worldwide. Weight And Dimensions Note: Weight varies by configuration Customizable Features The following are customizable features only available in the United States (HP CTO Notebooks). Limited Warranty Service Enhancement HP has identified hardware issues with certain HP Pavilion dv2000/dv6000/dv9000 and Compaq Presario V3000/V6000 series notebook PCs, equipped with nVidia chipsets, most of them with AMD microprocessors. For the dv2000 series, it includes many models from the dv20xx, dv21xx, dv22xx, dv23xx, and the dv24xx series (where xx is any other 2 digits). The Intel-based dv2000 Core Solo, Core Duo, Core 2 Duo or Pentium Dual Core with the Intel 945 chipset, do not suffer from this problem, except those with dedicated video chip nVidia. Some symptoms include: The notebook does not detect wireless networks and the wireless adapter is not detected in the Device Manager. There is no video on the computer LCD panel or external monitor (video card failure). Problems with the sound system, DVD or Hard Drive. See also Hewlett-Packard HP Pavilion (computer) References Pavilion dv2000

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad TransNote The IBM ThinkPad TransNote is a notebook computer by IBM. Features The TransNote consists of a leather-like folio case which contains a computer on one side and a paper notebook on the other side. Specifications It has a 600MHz Pentium III, 10GiB HDD, CompactFlash dock and a PC Card slot. The battery pack uses flat Samsung 103450 cells. Reception Computerworld called it a "failed design" because it tried to blend a large 3M digitized pad with a tiny underpowered laptop in the same product. PCQuest viewed it as an attractive choice for people who travel a lot. TechRepublic called it one of the 25 "unique and bizarre breakthroughs" in laptop innovation. Awards The TransNote won a Gold iF Product Design Award in 2002 in the product discipline. The TransNote was the winner in the PC category of the PC Magazine Awards for Technical Excellence in 2001. Further developments IBM announced the discontinuation of the TransNote in February 2002, intending to discontinue it at the end of the year. References External links Transnote.info on the Internet Archive Laptop.pics Japanese TransNote brochure IBM laptops ThinkPad

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad 300 The IBM ThinkPad 300 is a notebook computer series that was created by Zenith Data Systems for IBM. It was released in North America in October 1992, alongside the ThinkPad 700 series. It was the second series for the ThinkPad line of notebook computers, and was a cost saving alternative to the 700. It was however known as one of IBM's failures, with most not working properly or being dead after leaving the production line. It was also grey instead of black, and was missing a TrackPoint, which made them unappealing to consumers. The ThinkPad 300 was received as decent, but did not sell well. Development Contrary to earlier IBM computers, IBM sought for an OEM to develop the 300. Eventually, executive authorization was granted. Because of a pre-existing agreement with Zenith/BULL, IBM negotiated with them about the notebook that would become the 300. The ThinkPad 300 was originally designed and manufactured by Zenith Data Systems, and was previously The ThinkPad 300 was made by Zenith Data Systems, instead of IBM. It was launched on October 5, 1992 alongside the ThinkPad 700 series. Although introduced at a price of $2,375, by February of 1993 the price dropped to $1,999 then even lower to $1,699 by May of 1993. This was due to poor sales of the ThinkPad 300. Specifications The 300 was based on the 25 MHz Intel 386SLC with 4 MB of memory, and had a nickel metal hydride battery that was claimed by IBM to up to 10 hours. It also had the option of an 80 or 120 MB hard disk drive and it had a 9.5in 640x480 monochrome screen with 64 scales of grey. Other features it had was DOS 5.0 preinstalled, and for ports was a modem, serial, VGA, parallel, ethernet, and port replicator. Alongside the hard drive, it had a built in 3 1/2 1.44 MB floppy disk drive. As the 300 was meant to be low-end and cheaper, it was missing some features the 700 series had, such as the TrackPoint device. Although the thinkpad came with monochrome screens, they could later be upgraded to an active color TFT screen. Comparison Reception PC Mag regarded the ThinkPad 300 as a decent choice, thanks to the good screen and above average battery life backed by flexible power management. References External links oldcomputers.net - ThinkPad 300 Thinkwiki.de - 300 ThinkWiki.org - 300 IBM laptops ThinkPad

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a hybrid laptop/tablet Windows RT-based computer released in late 2012. The Yoga 11 gets its name from its ability to change form factors thanks to the two-way hinge used to mount its display. It was discontinued on July 17, 2013, due to the poor sales of Windows RT devices. Features Design The Yoga 11 and Yoga 13 computers get their name from their unique design that enables the devices to rotate their screen backwards to become tablet devices. According to PC Pro, "The hybrid design is immensely flexible. Prop the Yoga 11 up in 'tent mode', and the touchscreen can be angled just so. Lay the keyboard facing the desk, and the screen can be tilted back and forth while sturdy-feeling hinges keep the display from flopping backwards. Fold the screen all the way back, and hidden magnets hold it clamped shut against the underside, transforming it into a tablet." The Yoga 11 has slim chassis with a matte orange exterior finish and an all-black interior that weighs 2.79 pounds. It has a full-size QWERTY keyboard. According to TechRadar, the "large, well-cushioned keys offer a far better experience than Microsoft Surface, and there's a large trackpad as well." Specifications The Yoga 11 is powered by a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 that runs at a maximum clock speed of 1.3GHZ and features an integrated graphics processor. The Tegra 3 is also found in numerous Android-based tablets. 2GB of RAM comes standard. This relatively small amount of RAM is sufficient due to the reduced memory requirements of Windows RT applications. The Yoga 11 is sold with solid state drives in 32GB and 64GB capacities. The Yoga 11 runs the Windows RT operating system. Microsoft Office 2013 ships pre-installed. Like all Windows RT devices, the Yoga 11 cannot run software designed for earlier versions of Windows, only apps designed for the new Metro interface are compatible. According to performance tests run by TechRadar using SunSpider and Peacekeeper benchmarking software, the Yoga 11 runs slightly slower than the Microsoft Surface RT, which uses the same processor. The Yoga 11 was able to run 9 hours and 32 minutes in battery tests, significantly outperforming the Microsoft Surface RT. In a test conducted by PC Pro the batteries took 11 hours and 58 minutes to run down. The Yoga 11 has an 11.6-inch glossy screen that makes use of in-plane switching technology and runs at a resolution of 1366x768. The screen has a maximum brightness of only 344 nits, but has a measured contrast ratio of 1,146:1. There are two USB 2.0 ports, an SD card reader, a 3.5mm headphone jack, and a standard HDMI output. There is a built-in 720P webcam. System restore Windows RT comes with an integrated system restore utility. It is also possible to create a USB recovery drive. An external USB recovery drive is essential in case the data on your hard disk has been compromised up to the point where the system can no longer boot from the hard drive. Reportedly the key combination to have the Lenovo Yoga 11 UEFI firmware boot an external USB drive is "Volume Up" plus the "Windows Key" directly below the screen. Reviews In its review TechRadar stated, "The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a stylish, lightweight and durable laptop that neatly doubles as a tablet. At 11 inches, it's portable and thin enough to be used in tablet form, but like its bigger brother, having the keys on the reverse affecting your grip makes it far from ideal.If you're looking for a laptop form factor for work, which doubles as a tablet for basic apps and sofa surfing, then the Yoga 11 is worth serious consideration, although we'd advise you to head to your nearest PC superstore to give it the once over. It's not for everyone, and we'd primarily recommend it to someone looking for a small Windows 8 laptop who doesn't want to miss out on enjoying all the touchscreen goodness that Windows 8 has to offer." In its review PC Pro wrote, "Place Windows 8 at the helm, and the Yoga 11 would be a tantalising prospect: after all, it’s an excellent laptop with a 12-hour battery life and useful tablet functions. With most Ultrabooks still struggling to push past the nine-hour mark under the lightest usage, the promise of a well-designed 1.19kg hybrid that lasts all day is incredibly attractive. Once you factor in the presence of Windows RT, however, the appeal of this hybrid swiftly wanes." PC Pro concludes by stating, "Don’t abandon hope yet, however: with Lenovo set to release a Windows 8, Intel-powered Yoga 11S sometime this year, we’d keep that credit card at the ready." In its review of the Yoga 11, The Inquirer wrote, "The Lenovo Ideapad Yoga 11 has a very unique construction and in terms of design alone is perhaps one of our favourite hybrid devices out there now for this reason. It's an ultra-flexible laptop with the option to convert into various different modes, making it a close to ideal multimode device. Its HD display offers a good touchscreen experience as well as high display resolution for its size, and its keyboard performed well, too. However, we feel the Yoga 11 is severely held back by Windows RT, rendering it half as useful as it could be due to the lack of apps and application programs available to download onto it." References External links Yoga 11

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM Portable Personal Computer The IBM Portable Personal Computer 5155 model 68 is an early portable computer developed by IBM after the success of the suitcase-size Compaq Portable. It was released in February, 1984, and was quickly replaced by the IBM Convertible, only roughly two years after its debut. Design The Portable was basically a PC/XT motherboard, transplanted into a Compaq-style luggable case. The system featured 256 kilobytes of memory (expandable to 640 KB), an added CGA card connected to an internal monochrome amber composite monitor, and one or two half-height -inch 360 KB floppy disk drives, manufactured by Qume. Unlike the Compaq Portable, which used a dual-mode monitor and special display card, IBM used a stock CGA card and a 9-inch amber monochrome composite monitor, which had lower resolution. It could, however, display color if connected to an external monitor or television. A separate 83-key keyboard and cable was provided, which uses a phone jack styled connector. The cable from the connector then went to the back of the machine, where the original XT keyboard jack was. Experts stated that IBM developed the Portable in part because its sales force needed a computer that would compete against the Compaq Portable. If less sophisticated than the Compaq, the IBM had the advantage of a lower price tag. The motherboard had eight expansion slots. The power supply was rated 114 watts and was suitable for operation on either 115 or 230 VAC. Hard disks were a very common third-party add-on as IBM did not offer them from the factory. Typically in a two-drive context, floppy drive A: ran the operating system, and drive B: would be used for application and data diskettes. Its selling point as a "portable" was that it combined the monitor into a base unit approximating a medium-sized suitcase that could be simply set on its flat side, the back panel slid away to reveal the power connector, plugged in, the keyboard folded down or detached, and booted up for use, though printers at the time, if needed, still tended to be less "portable". At thirty pounds, it may have been difficult to carry for some, and was often referred to as “luggable”. References Notes IBM (1984). Personal Computer Hardware Reference Library: Guide to Operations, Portable Personal Computer. IBM Part Numbers 6936571 and 1502332. External links Obsolete Technology Website: IBM Portable PC 5155 model 68 IBM 5155 information at www.minuszerodegrees.net 5155 Portable Portable computers Computer-related introductions in 1984

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Compaq SLT Compaq SLT was a line of laptop computers made by Compaq. The SLT series was the successor to the Portable III and the predecessor to the more well known Compaq LTE. Two models were produced in the SLT series. The first model, named SLT/286, released on October 17, 1988, is considered to be one of the most notable units in laptop history due to its battery life and superior performance compared to competing models. It is also notable for being Compaq’s first laptop computer. The SLT/286 had a 12 MHz Harris or Intel 80C286 processor (both brands were used throughout the SLT/286’s production) and a grayscale VGA LCD screen, the very first laptop with this feature. The price started at $5,399 for the base-model. The second model, the SLT 386s/20, was released in 1990, and featured a 386SX 20MHz CPU, versus the 286 12MHz CPU of the SLT/286. It also came with 2MB of RAM standard, compared to the 640KB the SLT/286 came with, and a 60 or 120MB hard disk drive, rather than the 20 or 40MB options the SLT/286 offered. Docking Station Capability The SLT line was marketed as a desktop replacement and had a matching docking station, which allowed two standard ISA boards to be used with the SLT. The docking station retailed for $999. Models Battery life Compaq's main marketing message for the SLT range was its battery life, up to 3-hours minimum. Compaq mentioned this feature in almost all of the SLT literature. Moreover, Compaq released an external battery charger to enable the business user to charge up multiple batteries. Clones Victor Technologies offered a clone of the SLT/386 model, model Grid 386PX (BV30E01A). Whilst the Grid 386PX looks slightly different, it was unclear whether the Grid 386PX was a true clone or an alternative OEM product. Acer also offered a clone, known as the AnyWare 1100LX. References SLT SLT Computer-related introductions in 1988 Articles containing video clips

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP EliteBook HP EliteBook is a line of business-oriented high-end notebooks and mobile workstations made by Hewlett-Packard (HP Inc.). The EliteBook series, which fits above the lower-end ProBook series, was introduced in August 2008 as a replacement of the HP Compaq high end line of notebooks. The EliteBook brand included mobile workstations until September 2013, when they were rebranded as HP ZBook. The EliteBook mainly competes against computer lineups such as Acer's TravelMate, Dell's Latitude and Precision, Lenovo's ThinkPad and Toshiba's Portégé and Tecra. Features The HP EliteBook line is engineered to meet military MIL-STD-810 standards for reliability and performance under extreme conditions, namely for temperature, altitude, humidity, dust, shock and vibration. The notebooks feature a magnesium alloy chassis, anodized aluminum lid and palm rests, spill-resistant keyboards, active hard-drive protection and dual pointing devices (touchpad and pointing stick). Earlier EliteBook models featured the HP Night Light keyboard light, while in subsequent generations HP has added a backlit keyboard option to some 15" and 17" workstation models. Select models have SSD storage options. History Announcements: 2008: August 11: 8530p, 8530w and 8730w; August 18: 2530p and 2730p; September 8: 6930p announced 2010: January 6: 8440p, 8440w, 8540p and 8540w; March 1: 2540p and 2740p; March 24: 8740w announced 2011: February 23: 8460p and 8560p; April 12: 8460w, 8560w and 8760w; May 9: 2560p and 2760p announced 2012: May 9: 2170p, 2570p, 8470p and 8570p, 8470w, 8570w and 8770w, Folio 9470m announced 2013: October 1: 820G1, 840G1 and 850G1; December 10: Folio 1040G1 announced 2014: June 4: 725G2, 745G2 and 755G2; December 2: 720, 740, 750, 820G2, 840G2, 850G2 and Folio 1020 announced 2015: September 29: 725G3, 745G3 and 755G3 announced 2016: January 5: 820G3, FolioG1, 840G3, 1040G3 and 850G3 announced. 2020: January 5: HP Elite DragonflyG2; May 26: EliteBook 830G7, x360 830G7, 840G7, 850G7, 835G7, 845G7, 855G7, x360 1030G7 and x360 1040G7 announced. December 7:EliteBook 830G8, x360 830G8, 840G8, 850G8 Models The first generation of EliteBooks was the xx30 series. Before that, HP's p- and w-class (professional and workstation, respectively) notebooks were not branded as EliteBooks, nor did they have the EliteBooks' distinctive anodized aluminum styling. First generation The xx30 generation comprised the following notebooks: 2530p: 12.1" ultraportable 2730p: 12.1" Tablet PC 6930p: 14.1" mainstream 8530p: 15.4" mainstream 8530w: 15.4" mobile workstation 8730w: 17.0" mobile workstation All models used Intel Core 2 CPUs and 16:10 aspect ratio displays. The 6930p model was notable for being claimed by HP to be the first notebook to break the 24-hour battery life barrier. Second generation The xx40 series comprised the following models: 2540p: 12.1" ultraportable 2740p: 12.1" Tablet PC 8440p: 14.0" mainstream 8440w: 14.0" mobile workstation 8540p: 15.6" mainstream 8540w: 15.6" mobile workstation 8740w: 17.0" mobile workstation The xx40 series brought several changes and new features, including upgrading to the new Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors and DDR3 SDRAM, new semi-chiclet keyboard and for the 14.0" and 15.6" models the switch from 16:10 to 16:9 displays. HP also added DisplayPort and USB 3.0 ports. Appearance-wise, the workstation models were changed to a darker "gunmetal" finish while the non-workstation models retained the brighter "silver" finish. Models with quad-core CPUs supported up to 32 GB of RAM. Workstation models could be configured with ISV-certified professional graphics cards such as the ATI FirePro M7820 or the Nvidia Quadro FX 5000M (at the time of release the most powerful workstation-class graphics card on the market). Third generation The xx60 series, announced on February 23, 2011, comprised the following models: 2560p: 12.5" ultraportable 2760p: 12.1" Tablet PC 8460p: 14.0" mainstream 8460w: 14.0" mobile workstation 8560p: 15.6" mainstream 8560w: 15.6" mobile workstation 8760w: 17.3" mobile workstation The xx60 series featured second-generation Intel Core i series processors, a choice of Sandy Bridge integrated or AMD Radeon HD 6470M discrete graphics and chiclet-style keyboards. All models except the 2760p used 16:9 displays. Mobile workstation models featured Nvidia Quadro or AMD FirePro graphics. The notebooks were also completely redesigned, with a more boxy shape and less plastic used on the surfaces, as well as a larger glass touchpad. The multiple access panels on the bottom of the notebooks were replaced with a single panel enabling access to all of the internal components. The 8460p model was claimed to have battery life in excess of 32 hours using an external ultra-capacity battery. Fourth generation The fourth generation, announced on May 9, 2012, comprised the following models: Revolve 810: 11.6" Tablet PC 2170p: 11.6" ultraportable 2570p: 12.5" ultraportable 8470p: 14.0" mainstream 8470w: 14.0" mobile workstation Folio 9470m: 14.0" ultrabook 8570p: 15.6" mainstream 8570w: 15.6" mobile workstation 8770w: 17.3" mobile workstation The xx70 series was largely an incremental update to the previous xx60 series, updated with Intel Ivy Bridge processors and new integrated and discrete graphics processors. New additions to the EliteBook family included the 11.6" 2170p and the 14.0" Folio 9470m ultrabook. ElitePad 900 G1 was introduced with this generation in October 2012. Fifth generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Haswell processors or AMD Steamroller Kaveri processors. EliteBook 800 Series G1 products with Intel processors were announced in October 2013. EliteBook Folio 1040 G1 and Revolve 810 G2 were announced in December 2013. EliteBook 700 Series G1 products with Intel processors and 700 Series G2 products with AMD processors were announced in June 2014. This generation brought changes to nomenclature on most products. Models ending with 0 use Intel processors and models ending with 5 use AMD processor. The second last digit relates to the screen size, and the remaining digits indicate the series. G number indicates generation of the product. The external design was also refreshed, resulting in a less boxy shape and overall thinner chassis. Workstation models were split into a separate ZBook brand. AMD based models were added into EliteBook product line-up for the first time. Previously, ProBook product line-up had featured AMD APUs. EliteBook 720 G1: 12.5" ultraportable with Intel processor EliteBook 740 G1: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 750 G1: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 725 G2: 12.5" ultraportable with AMD processor EliteBook 745 G2: 14.0" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 755 G2: 15.6" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook Revolve 810 G2: 11.6" tablet with Intel processor EliteBook 820 G1: 12.5" ultraportable with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G1: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G1: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook Folio 1040 G1: 14.0" ultrabook with Intel processor EliteBook Folio 9480m : 14.0" ultrabook with Intel processor ElitePad 1000 G2 tablet with Intel processors was introduced with this generation. The product was announced at WMC 2014 in February 2014. ElitePad 1000 G2: 10.1" tablet with Intel processor Sixth generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Broadwell processors. EliteBook 700 Series G2, Revolve 810 G3, 800 Series G2, Folio 1020 G1, and Folio 1040 G2 were announced in December 2014. EliteBook Folio 1020 Bang & Olufsen Limited Edition was announced in July 2015. EliteBook 720 G2: 12.5" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 740 G2: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 750 G2: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook Revolve 810 G3: 11.6" tablet with Intel processor EliteBook 820 G2: 12.5" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G2: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G2: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook Folio 1020 G1 Standard/Special Edition/Bang & Olufsen Limited Edition: 12.5" lightweight with Intel processor EliteBook Folio 1040 G2: 14.0" lightweight with Intel processor HP Elite x2 1011 G1 tablet with Intel processors was introduced with this generation. The product was announced in January 2015. Elite x2 1011 G1: 11.6" tablet with Intel processor Seventh generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Skylake processors or AMD Excavator Carrizo processors. EliteBook 725 G3, 745 G3 and 755 G3 with AMD processors were announced in September 2015. EliteBook 820 G3, 840 G3, 850 G3, 1040 G3 and Folio G1 with Intel processors were announced at CES 2016 in January 2016. EliteBook 1030 G1 was announced in May 2016. EliteBook 725 G3: 12.5" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 745 G3: 14.0" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 755 G3: 15.6" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 820 G3: 12.5" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G3: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G3: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook Folio G1: 12.5" lightweight with Intel processor EliteBook 1030 G1: 13.3" lightweight with Intel processor EliteBook 1040 G3: 14.0" lightweight with Intel processor HP Elite x2 1012 G1 tablet with Intel processors was introduced with this generation. The product was announced in November 2015. Elite x2 1012 G1: 12.0" tablet with Intel processor Eighth generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Kaby Lake processors or AMD Excavator Bristol Ridge processors. EliteBook 725 G4, 745 G4 and 755 G4 with AMD processors were announced in November 2016. EliteBook 820 G4, 840 G4 and 850 G4 with Intel processors were announced in December 2016. EliteBook x360 1030 G2 was announced at CES 2017 in January 2017. EliteBook x360 1020 G2 and 1040 G4 were announced in September 2017. A refresh model, EliteBook 840r G4, was released in April 2018 with Intel Kaby Lake R processors as options. EliteBook 725 G4: 12.5" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 745 G4: 14.0" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 755 G4: 15.6" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 820 G4: 12.5" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G4: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G4: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840r G4: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1020 G2: 12.5" lightweight convertible with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1030 G2: 13.3" lightweight convertible with Intel processor EliteBook 1040 G4: 14.0" lightweight with Intel processor HP Elite x2 1012 G2 tablet with Intel processors was introduced with this generation. The product was announced in May 2017. Elite x2 1012 G2: 12.3" tablet with Intel processor Ninth generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Kaby Lake, Kaby Lake R and Coffee Lake processors or AMD Zen Raven Ridge processors. EliteBook 830 G5, 840 G5 and 850 G5 with Intel Core processors were announced in February 2018. EliteBook 735 G5, 745 G5 and 755 G5 with AMD processors were announced in May 2018. EliteBook 1050 G1 with Intel Coffee Lake processors was also announced in May 2018. One of the two lightweight convertibles, EliteBook x360 1030 G3 was announced in May 2018, and followed by EliteBook x360 1040 G5 announced in October 2018. Another convertible, EliteBook x360 830 G5, was announced at CES 2019 in January 2019. The EliteBook x360 1020 model was discontinued in this generation. EliteBook 735 G5: 13.3" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 745 G5: 14.0" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 755 G5: 15.6" Mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook x360 830 G5: 13.3" mainstream convertible with Intel processor EliteBook 830 G5: 13.3" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G5: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G5: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1030 G3: 13.3" lightweight convertible with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1040 G5: 14.0" lightweight convertible with Intel processor EliteBook 1050 G1: 15.6" lightweight with Intel processor HP Elite x2 1013 G3 tablet with Intel processors was introduced with this generation. The product was announced in May 2018. Elite x2 1013 G3: 13" tablet with Intel processor Tenth generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Whiskey Lake processors or AMD Zen+ Picasso processors. EliteBook x360 830 G6, 830 G6, 840 G6, and 850 G6 with Intel Core processors were announced in April 2019. EliteBook x360 1030 G4 and x360 1040 G6 with Intel Core processors were announced in May 2019. Elitebook 735 G6 and 745 G6 with AMD Ryzen Pro processors were announced in June 2019. New features introduced in this generation include optional 1000-nit display, privacy camera shutter, 802.11ax WiFi and Bluetooth 5. EliteBook 735 G6: 13.3" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 745 G6: 14.0" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook x360 830 G6: 13.3" mainstream convertible with Intel processor EliteBook 830 G6: 13.3" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G6: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G6: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1030 G4: 13.3" lightweight convertible with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1040 G6: 14.0" lightweight convertible with Intel processor Other HP Elite notebook and tablet products introduced with this generation include Elite x2 G4 and Elite Dragonfly. Elite x2 G4 was announced in May 2019 with EliteBook x360 convertibles. Elite Dragonfly was announced in September 2019. Elite x2 G4: 12.3" or 13" tablet with Intel processor Elite Dragonfly: 13.3" ultra-lightweight convertible with Intel processor Eleventh generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Comet Lake and AMD Zen 2 Renoir processors. New features introduced in this generation include 5G NR WWAN. Elitebook 805 series G7, 800 series G7, 1030 G7 and 1040 G7 were announced in May 2020. EliteBook x360 830 G7: 13.3" mainstream convertible with Intel processor EliteBook 830 G7: 13.3" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G7: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G7: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 835 G7: 13.3" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 845 G7: 14.0" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 855 G7: 15.6" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook x360 1030 G7: 13.3" lightweight convertible with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1040 G7: 14.0" lightweight convertible with Intel processor Elite Dragonfly was updated with Intel 10th Generation processors at CES 2020 in January 2020. Elite Dragonfly: 13.3" ultra-lightweight convertible with Intel processor Twelfth generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Tiger Lake processors. EliteBook 800 series G8 was announced in December 2020. EliteBook 840 Aero G8, x360 1030 G8, and x360 1040 G8 with Intel processors, as well as EliteBook 805 G8 series with AMD processors were announced on CES 2021. EliteBook x360 830 G8: 13.3" mainstream convertible with Intel processor EliteBook 830 G8: 13.3" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 840 Aero G8: 14.0" with Intel processor EliteBook 840 G8: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 850 G8: 15.6" mainstream with Intel processor EliteBook 835 G8: 13.3" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 845 G8: 14.0" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook 855 G8: 15.6" mainstream with AMD processor EliteBook x360 1030 G8: 13.3" with Intel processor EliteBook x360 1040 G8: 14.0" with Intel processor Other HP Elite notebook, tablet and accessory products are introduced at CES 2021. HP Elite Dragonfly G2 HP Elite Dragonfly Max HP Elite Folio HP Elite x2 G8 HP Elite Wireless Earbuds Thirteenth generation This generation of EliteBook notebooks feature Intel Alder Lake processors. EliteBook 800 series G9 was announced in January 2022.The EliteBook 800 G9 series with Intel processors and EliteBook 805 G9 series with AMD processors were announced at CES 2022.This generation also brings the previous ProBook 600 and ProBook 605 series into the EliteBook lineup. HP EliteBook 630 G9: 13.3" with Intel processor HP EliteBook 640 G9: 14.0" with Intel processor HP EliteBook 650 G9: 15.6" with Intel processor HP EliteBook 635 G9: 13.3" with AMD processor HP EliteBook 645 G9: 14.0" with AMD Processor HP EliteBook 655 G9: 15.6" with AMD processor HP EliteBook 830 G9: 13.3" mainstream with Intel processor HP EliteBook x360 830 G9: 13.3" mainstream convertible with Intel processor HP EliteBook 840 G9: 14.0" mainstream with Intel processor HP EliteBook 860 G9: 16.0" mainstream with Intel processor HP EliteBook 835 G9: 13.3" mainstream with AMD processor HP EliteBook 845 G9: 14.0" mainstream with AMD Processor HP EliteBook 865 G9: 16.0" mainstream with AMD processor HP EliteBook 1040 G9: 14.0" premium with Intel processor HP EliteBook x360 1040 G9: 14.0" premium convertible with Intel processor Other HP Elite notebook, tablet and accessory products introduced at CES 2022. HP Elite Dragonfly G3: 13.5" business premium with Intel processor HP Elite Dragonfly Chromebook: Premium business Chromebook with Intel processor HP Elite Dragonfly Chromebook Enterprise: Premium business Chromebook with Intel processor Reception The HP Elitebook line has been positively received, with PC Mag giving the 6930p notebook a four out of five star review, noting its performance in all-around computing, but giving higher praise to the Thinkpad T400. The 2730p Tablet PC was well received by GottaBeMobile, but noted shortcomings in its speakers, buttons, and latches. Notebook Review called the 8530w mobile workstations "one of the most impressive workstation-class 15.4" notebooks", and Desktop Engineering found that, "In terms of price, performance, and portability, the HP EliteBook 8530w is a winner." Geek.com commented: "In summary, you can’t go wrong with the EliteBook 8540p (or the 8xx0 series for that matter). With this flagship business line HP has combined good looks, ruggedness, high performance, and tons of features into one extremely attractive package." IT Reviews said that the 8540p's "relatively high screen resolution is a real draw, and we found the keyboard to be well made and easy to use at full touch-typing speed". However, the site also noted that "it is big and heavy and so not designed for portability, though. And it is expensive too." The EliteBook 8440p received praise from V3.co.uk for its "attractive and robust design" as well as a "powerful processor" and "good range of features", but the review also noted that the overall appeal of the laptop was diminished by "poor battery life" and HP's choice of 32-bit Windows. A review by AnandTech gave high scores to the HP EliteBook 8740w with the DreamColor 2 LCD, but noted a somewhat high price tag on built-to-order machines. See also HP ZBook Dell Latitude and Precision Lenovo ThinkPad Acer TravelMate List of Hewlett-Packard products References External links Elite Family, Hewlett Packard EliteBook Consumer electronics brands Convertible laptops Computer-related introductions in 2008

laptop Form Factor and Weight

MacBook (2015–2019) The 12-inch MacBook (marketed as the new MacBook, also known colloquially as the Retina MacBook) is a Macintosh notebook computer developed and sold by Apple Inc. In Apple's product line it was considered a more premium device compared to the second-generation MacBook Air (at the time consisting of 11.6-inch and 13.3-inch models that were larger and heavier, while lacking the high-resolution "Retina" screen and having thicker bezels), and sat below the performance range MacBook Pro. It was introduced in March 2015. It was more compact than any other notebook in the MacBook family at the time and included a Retina display, fanless design, a shallower "Butterfly" keyboard, and a single USB-C port for power and data. It was discontinued in July 2019, being largely supplanted by the third-generation MacBook Air with Retina display. Overview The MacBook was announced at an Apple special event on March 9, 2015, and was released a month later on April 10. It employed Intel's Broadwell Core M processors at a TDP of around 4.5 Watt to allow for a fanless design and a logic board that is much smaller than in previous MacBooks. It had a similar appearance to the MacBook Air, but was thinner and lighter, offered (at the time of introduction) more storage and memory and a higher-resolution 2304×1440 Retina display, but lower processor and graphics performance. The MacBook has at times been available in space gray, silver, and gold finishes. The MacBook has only two ports, a 3.5 mm headphone jack and a single, multi-purpose USB-C port; it was the first Mac with USB-C. The port supports transmission speeds of up to 5 Gbit/s, and can be used for data, and audio/video output, and charging; it was the first MacBook without MagSafe charging. Apple markets an adapter that can provide a full-size USB connector, and a "Digital AV Multiport Adapter" with a charging pass-through, full-size USB port, and HDMI output. Although Thunderbolt 3 technology uses USB-C connectors, the MacBook's USB-C port does not support Thunderbolt. It was one of only two Macs, along with the 2012 Mac Pro, to not support Thunderbolt since it was introduced to Macs in 2011. Thunderbolt devices, such as storage media and the Apple Thunderbolt Display, are not compatible. Shortly after the MacBook's introduction, various companies began announcing cables and adapters for the USB-C port. Despite its small size, it features a full-sized keyboard and a large trackpad. The MacBook introduced a new Butterfly keyboard, with traditional scissor mechanism keys replaced with a new, Apple-designed butterfly mechanism, making the keyboard thinner and, as Apple claims, individual keys more stable. The keyboard's backlight no longer consisted of a row of LEDs and a light guide panel, but instead used a single LED for each key. It also introduced the Force Touch trackpad, a solid-state trackpad that measures pressure sensitivity, and replicates a click with haptic feedback. The trackpad was later brought to the Magic Trackpad 2 and the 2015 MacBook Pro. A similar technology (3D Touch) is also used in the Apple Watch and introduced with the iPhone 6S. The aluminum enclosure was 13.1 mm at its thickest point at the hinge end. The battery was custom-designed to fill the available space in the small enclosure. It uses a new 39.7 watt-hour lithium-polymer terraced battery cell which was advertised to provide "all day" battery life. Apple claimed nine hours of Internet browsing or ten hours of iTunes movie playback. The battery was improved in the 2016 refresh, with Apple claiming ten hours for Internet browsing, and eleven hours of iTunes movie playback. The MacBook did not include any beryllium, BFRs, or PVCs in its construction. The display was made of arsenic-free glass. It was made of recyclable materials such as aluminum and glass, meets Energy Star 6.1 standards, and was rated EPEAT Gold. On April 19, 2016, Apple updated the MacBook with Skylake Core M processors, Intel HD 515 graphics, faster memory, longer battery life, faster storage and a new rose gold finish. On June 5, 2017, Apple updated the MacBook with Intel Kaby Lake m3, i5, and i7 processors (previously known as m3, m5, and m7). It featured the second-generation butterfly keyboard, which introduced new symbols for the control and option keys. It also features faster storage and memory. On October 30, 2018, Apple quietly eliminated two color options (rose gold and the original gold) and added a new color option (new gold) to match the MacBook Air's 2018 color scheme. On July 9, 2019, Apple quietly discontinued the MacBook line. On June 30, 2021, Apple added the Early 2015 model MacBook to its "vintage products" list, making it eligible for only limited product support. Design Externally, the MacBook follows the design of the MacBook Air with a tapered aluminum enclosure. It has a flush screen with black bezels similar to the MacBook Pro. The Apple logo on the rear of the display is glossy and opaque, rather than backlit and white as seen on every Apple notebook since the 1999 PowerBook G3 and 2001 iBook. It is the thinnest and lightest notebook Apple has produced to date, 0.52 inches (1.32 cm) at its thickest point, and 2.03 pounds (0.92 kg). The letters on the MacBook's keyboard and the model name at the bottom of the screen bezel are in the San Francisco typeface, whereas previous notebooks made by Apple used VAG Rounded. Apple's introduction of a gold MacBook finish had been cited as an example of positioning itself as a luxury-style brand. The choice follows the introduction of the gold iPhone 5S after Apple found that gold was seen as a popular sign of a luxury among Chinese customers. Reception Reception for the MacBook was mixed. Critics praised the design and overall quality of the product, with some regarding it as a potential successor to the MacBook Air, as the Air had an aging design and low resolution screen. However, Apple continued to offer the MacBook Air while selling the MacBook at considerably higher price. Several described the MacBook as a limited first-generation proof-of-concept design for early adopters, and recommended against buying the MacBook until it reached greater maturity, and its price dropped sufficiently for mainstream adoption. The slow performance of the Intel Core M processor was regarded as the new MacBook's main deficiency, relative to the cheaper and faster MacBook Air and MacBook Pro. Among the other criticisms of the new MacBook are the lack of various popular ports, particularly USB Type-A ports, and that it only contains a single port which limits data transfer and overall convenience without the use of an adapter. The keyboard received considerable criticism as being poor for long-term use: developer Marco Arment described the notebook's build and small size as "absolutely amazing, revolutionary, and mind-blowing... until you need to use the keyboard for something." He also criticised the trackpad as worse than on previous MacBooks, and said that he would be returning the model he had bought. A report by AppleInsider had claimed that the updated butterfly keyboard fails twice as often as previous models, often due to particles stuck beneath the keys. Repairs for stuck keys have been estimated to cost more than $700. In May 2018, two class action lawsuits were filed against Apple regarding the keyboard issue with one alleging a "constant threat of nonresponsive keys and accompanying keyboard failure" and accusing Apple of not alerting consumers to the issue. In June 2018, Apple announced a Service Program to "service eligible MacBook and MacBook Pro keyboards, free of charge". Technical specifications Supported OSes Supported macOS releases Supported Windows versions See also MacBook Air MacBook Pro References External links – official site MacBook x86 Macintosh computers Computer-related introductions in 2015 Products and services discontinued in 2019

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Laptop–tablet convergence Laptop–tablet convergence describes the tendency in recent years for laptops and tablet computers to converge technologically. In 2011, Canonical announced Ubuntu Touch, an attempt to bring Ubuntu to mobile devices such as phones and tablets. It is still under development. In 2012, Windows 8 was released, which included the Metro UI, a touch-style UI framework for desktop applications. Microsoft encouraged application developers to develop Metro versions of their applications. In 2014, Google announced that by late 2014, Chrome OS would allow Android apps to be run, meaning that Chromebooks and Chromeboxes would be able to access ordinary web applications, packaged Chrome OS apps, and also Android apps. See also Laplet Convertible tablet References Mobile computers Laptops Tablet computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Pocket-sized computer Pocket-sized computer describes the post-programmable calculator / pre-smartphone pocket-sized portable-office hardware devices that included the earlier DOS-based palmtops and subsequent Windows-CE handhelds, as well as a few other terms, primarily covering the 1980s through 2007. Sometimes called Pocket-sized computing devices, they were a series of internally different devices, and included Handheld ("Pocket-sized handheld computing device"), and the earlier-introduced Palmtop ("Pocket-sized palmtop computing device") and "pocket-sized palmtop computer." The New York Times used the term "palmtop/handheld." The media called "the first computer that fits in your palm and weighs less than a pound" and its early day competitors a palmtop. Although the word "handheld" was used before Microsoft's 1996 introduction of Windows CE, a lawsuit by Palm, Inc pushed Microsoft's use of the new term Handheld PC. Timeline summary 1973 - The first portable computer, the MCM/70, was introduced. It weighed about 9 kg. 1975 - The second portable computer, the IBM 5100, was introduced. It weighed 50 pounds (24 kg). 1977 - The original TRS-80 was introduced. It used an 8-bit Z-80 processor. 1980 - The term Pocket computer began in 1980 with the popular acceptance of the oddly-named TRS-80/Tandy Pocket Computer. It was not a TRS-80, and was the first of 8 models named PC-1 through PC-8. The TRS-80 Pocket Computer PC-1 was a rebadged Sharp PC-1211. that used two 4-bit processors. 1981 - The first IBM Personal Computer 1989 - The first Palmtop PC, using a 16-bit X86 processor 1996 - The first Handheld PC Neither the Palmtop PC nor the Handheld PC were pocket computers. As late as March 1981 a "computer small enough to fit in a coat pocket" had yet to be introduced. Market acceptance The first hand-held device compatible with desktop IBM personal computers of the time was the DIP Pocket PC aka Atari Portfolio in 1989. The term "Handheld PC" described the product first introduced in 1989 by Atari as "the first computer that fits in your palm and weighs less than a pound." The full version of the ad ran as eight pages and showed the device in actual size, including one page topped by a hand placing an Atari Portfolio(tm) into a suit inner lapel pocket. Other early models were the Poqet PC of 1989 and the Hewlett Packard HP 95LX of 1991. Other DOS-compatible hand-held computers also existed. Some handheld PCs use Microsoft's Windows CE operating system, with the term also covering Windows CE devices released by the broader commercial market. Despite the arrival in the early 2010s of devices lacking keyboards, demand for used pocket computers remained strong. The PsiXpda Ultimate Pocket Computer from 2009; the GPD Win from 2016; the Gemini from 2018 and the eponymous GPD Pocket commercial offerings continue to supply this market while the crowd-funded open source hardware Pandora and Pyra maintain small-scale production and ongoing development. A combination of price and size makes them useful both for business and education; they also target the "games" market. Nomenclature By the mid 1990s, the New York Times referred to these portable office devices as: Palmtop computer Handheld computer Pocket-size computer Palmtop PC Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Personal Intelligent Communicator (PIC) Pocket computer was another term used. Subsequently, another publisher's "10 awesome handheld computers from yesteryear" included "1991 - HP 95LX pocket computer" even though HP called it a palmtop and HPmueum called it a handheld PC. As recently as 2017, these terms were intermixed. Comparison among alternatives Early Palmtops, beginning with Atari's 1989 Portfolio, used Intel-compatible x86 processors and a mostly IBM-compatible PC architecture and BIOS. Their operating system was DOS-like. By the late-1990s, non-Intel processors and other operating systems were used for some devices, using Microsoft's Windows CE operating system, even as the term Handheld was growing. The term PC was helpful, since many Palmtop PCs and Handheld PCs came with some personal-computer, PDA and office applications pre-installed in ROM, and most of them could also run generic, off-the-shelf PC software with minimal if any modifications. Some could also run other operating systems such as GEOS, MINIX 2.0, Windows 1.0-3.0 (in Real mode only), or Linux. Most palmtop PCs were based on a static hardware design for low power consumption and instant-on/off without a need to reboot. Depending on the model, the battery could power the device from several hours up to several days while running, or between a week and a year in standby mode. Combined with the instant-on/off feature, a battery would typically last from a week up to several months in practical use as PDA. Handheld computer, Palm PC, Palmtop and Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) were used concurrently and almost interchangeably. to describe these pocket-sized computing devices. The acronym PIM referred to Personal Information Manager, a similar type of device that often came with a stylus interface instead of a keyboard. None of these, at the time, were intended to replace the PC. Non-Wintel (Palm-top/Palm-size/Pocket computer) Not all of the pocket-sized hardware was/is used for Windows/Intel systems. At one point the Windows CE market share was less than 10%. Terms used included: Internet tablets -or- Tablet computers. Not all Windows-running devices had a keyboard. If they matched all of the hardware requirements except for lacking a keyboard they were known as: Windows Tablet PCs Windows CE Tablet PCs A list of handheld/pocket Linux computers Some of them ran/run Linux. History Each term had a role: Palmtop PC Palmtop PCs from 1989 through 1996 included: DIP Pocket PC (DIP DOS 2.11, 1989) Atari Portfolio (DIP DOS 2.11, 1989) Poqet PC Classic (MS-DOS 3.3, 80C88, 1989) Poqet PC Prime (MS-DOS 3.3, 80C88) Poqet PC Plus (MS-DOS 5.0, NEC V30) ZEOS Pocket PC (MS-DOS 5.0, 1991) Sharp PC-3000 (MS-DOS 3.3, 1991) Sharp PC-3100 (MS-DOS 3.3, 1991) Hewlett-Packard: 95LX (1991) - MS-DOS 3.22, NEC V20 MS-DOS 5.0, 80186-compatible HP Hornet: 100LX (1993) 200LX (1994) 1000CX (1995) 700LX (1996) Handheld PC The Handheld PC was a late 1990s hardware design for personal digital assistant (PDA) devices running Windows CE. It provided the appointment calendar functions usual for any PDA. The intent of Windows CE was to provide an environment for applications compatible with the Microsoft Windows operating system, on processors better suited to low-power operation in a portable device. Originally announced in 1996, the Handheld PC was distinct from the Palm-size, Pocket PC, or smartphone in that the specification provided for larger screen sizes as well as a keyboard. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Psion's 1984-introduced handheld palmtop device was the first Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Two years later the Psion Organizer was followed by the Psion Organizer II and other pocket-sized computers. Other, less expensive devices of this type were Palm Inc's Palm Pilot and various Pocket PCs running Windows CE. Their main era was the 1990s, and included the Apple Newton. Personal Information Manager (PIM) Both by goal and by marketing, the audience for the "Personal Information Manager (PIM)" was the individual, not the corporation. Market research showed that people "wanted a device that would straddle the telephone and computer." Until the smartphones of the 2010s, the goal of what an AT&T study called "an intelligent cellphone" was still pending. See also Sub-notebook, IBM- and x86- compatible, clamshell design, but larger than palmtop PCs Psion netBook, ARM-based clamshell design generic Netbook, IBM- and x86- compatible, legacy-free, clamshell design typically much larger than a pocket Ultra-mobile PC, IBM- and x86- compatible, legacy-free, not necessarily clamshell design Pen computing, using a pen/stylus rather than a keyboard, joystick or mouse ActiveSync, Application for synchronizing hand-held devices and Windows PCs Smartbook EPOC, operating system of Psion's x86 and ARM -based palmtops and pocket computers. Windows CE, one operating system of Palm-sized PCs. Windows Mobile, one operating system of Pocket PCs. HP Jornada, A line of Handheld, Palm-size and Pocket PCs. Atari Portfolio, the first (1989) Palm (PDA) References External links List of DOS based palmtop PCs] History of computing hardware Personal digital assistants Mobile computers Information appliances

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Samsung Galaxy Book Pro Samsung Galaxy Book Pro is a notebook computer announced by Samsung Electronics in April 2021. This device has 13.3 inches display with 1080p display and 720p webcam. References Samsung Galaxy Computer-related introductions in 2021

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Toughbook Toughbook is a line of rugged computers produced and marketed by Panasonic Corporation. The Toughbook, introduced in 1996 with the CF-25, is, like most other rugged laptops, designed to withstand outside forces which would normally damage or destroy normal laptops. Toughbook mobile computers are used in a wide variety of industries, including construction, defense, emergency services, government, healthcare, law enforcement, manufacturing, oil, gas, telecom, and utilities. In 2011, Panasonic introduced the Toughpad brand of ruggedized tablets, built to many of the same specifications as its Toughbook laptop line. Testing According to Panasonic, over 501 tests and quality checks are performed during production and all units are subjected to a factory burn-in period. Several independent tests have been conducted to determine the resistance of Toughbook computers to external forces. Fully rugged Toughbook models undergo independent lab testing to become certified to meet MIL-STD-810 standards for operation in a range of extreme conditions. Fully rugged models are also tested for particle resistance and liquid resistance and are rated according to international standards for ingress protection (IP). Design All Toughbook models have a magnesium alloy case, which provides durability without significant weight. Many current models have liquid-crystal display (LCD) panels designed specifically for visibility during daylight use. Other design elements include a shock-mounted hard drive and, on many models, a moisture and dust-resistant LCD, keyboard and touchpad. Panasonic markets the Toughbook series in several configurations ranging from "business-rugged" and "semi-rugged" to "fully rugged" in laptop, convertible tablet and tablet configurations, and in several specialty designs with numerous customizable add-on features. Some models also include features such as secondary batteries, GPS receivers, integrated 4G LTE multi carrier mobile broadband, backlit keyboards, built-in handles and hand straps. Toughbook fully rugged models Toughbook CF-31 The Toughbook CF-31 was released in 2012. It is part of the sixth generation of Panasonic's Toughbook line. The Toughbook CF-31 has MIL-STD-810G and IP65 certification. It is designed with a touchscreen. Specifications for the Toughbook CF-31 include a shock-mounted hard drive, removable through locking reinforced port doors. It runs on either an Intel Core i3, Core i5 or Core i7 processor with 4-16 GB of DDR3 SDRAM. Integrated options include 4G LTE multi carrier mobile broadband with satellite GPS. CF-31 units may also be equipped with a sealed backlit keyboard or a rubberised backlit keyboard, as well as a fingerprint scanner or smartcard reader for additional security. Just like the CF-30 and below, it also supports a DVD drive, secondary battery, or if one removes a rubber "bumper" strip on the inside of the media bay door, a dummy insert. Toughbook CF-30 The Toughbook CF-30 is a significant upgrade from previous models, incorporating low voltage dual core processors. The MK1 version shipped with a 32-bit Core Duo processor, while the MK2 and MK3 versions switched to the 64-bit Core 2 Duo processors. As with the CF-19 Mk1 to Mk3, it uses DDR2 SDRAM. It is another in the fully rugged line of their laptops. It came in many configurations, some including: Emissive backlit keyboards, touchscreens, WWAN radios, Bluetooth, WiFi b/g/n. Like the other fully rugged models, the CF-30 has a hard drive heater for cold environments. On some models Panasonic disabled access to the Gobi WWAN cards GPS function; a different WWAN card or a dedicated GPS card in the WWAN slot must be used. The CF-30 supports a second battery in the media bay, as well as DVD drives and other accessories. This Toughbook was generally shipped with Windows Vista, with the Mk3 models shipping with Windows 7. Toughbook CF-29 The CF-29 is another fully rugged of Panasonics Toughbook line. It came in 5 versions, or Marks. It featured an Intel Pentium M processor in speeds ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 GHz in either Ultra Low Voltage (1.2 GHz) or Low Voltage (1.3 GHz and up), depending on mark of laptop. The laptop featured Intel Centrino technology with this chipset for power saving ability. The Mark 1, 2 and 3 used DDR RAM and the Mark 4 and 5 used DDR2. The Cf-29 Toughbooks offered multiple configurations from the factory including backlit keyboard and touchscreen. Notably, from the CF-29 on, Panasonic changed the power supply connector previously used on the CF-25, CF-27, CF-28, etc. for a new connector. This Toughbook generally shipped with Windows XP with Windows 2000 as a downgrade option. Toughbook CF-28 The CF-28 is a discontinued Pentium 3 era Toughbook model. The laptop was available with Intel Pentium 3 CPUs ranging from 600 MHz (Mk1 28), 800 MHz (Mk2 28) to 1 GHz (Mk3 28). This Toughbook featured a multitude of ports which at the time were industry standard. Additionally, some models had IrDA ports or built-in 802.11b WLAN. This model generally shipped with Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows XP. However, the majority of these came with Windows 2000 and XP, though older models (like the 600 MHz models) came shipped directly from Panasonic with a 98 COA sticker and an install of it as well. Toughbook CF-27 The CF-27 is a Pentium II era Toughbook, and was introduced in 1997. It was the first one to bear the "TOUGHBOOK" logo on its back cover. This was the first Toughbook with a XGA display and Wireless WAN built-in. Toughbook CF-25 The CF-25 is the first fully rugged Panasonic Toughbook ever released. This Toughbook was released in 1996. So early on in the Toughbook life that it said "Matsushita Electric Industrial Co" when booted. Also unlike other Toughbooks, it does not have the "Toughbook" logo on the outside (back) of the LCD case. Instead it said Panasonic in extruded plastic which was adhered with adhesive. The CF-25 featured an Intel Pentium processor with MMX and could support a maximum of 96MB of PC100 system RAM. This Toughbook did not have any USB and because of IRQ limitations could not allow any via PCMCIA. This Toughbook generally shipped with Windows 98. Convertible Toughbook tablets Toughbook CF-18 Toughbook CF-19 The Toughbook CF-19, in its 8th mark/generation, is a fully rugged device that can be used as a laptop or swiveled into a tablet. It is tested to withstand a six-foot drop and IP65 certified fanless design providing water and dust resistance. The device also features a shock-mounted hard drive, full magnesium alloy case and available explosive atmosphere certification (Class 1 Div 2) for hazardous environments. Features of the Toughbook CF-19 convertible tablet include a 10.1" (pre-Mk3 models had a 10.4" screen) daylight readable screen with touchscreen designed to work with gloves, integrated wireless connectivity like GPS and 4G WWAN, and a range of integrated options like a fingerprint reader or smartcard reader. Like the other fully rugged Toughbooks, it is also available with a rubberised backlit keyboard, or a backlit chiclet keyboard. As of July 2017, after nearly eleven years, the CF-19 has been discontinued and succeeded by the CF-20 2-in-1 tablet. Toughbook CF-20 The tough book CF-20 is a convertible tablet/ netbook device. Toughbook CF-33 Toughbook CF-C2 The Toughbook CF-C2 is a semi-rugged convertible tablet. Its triple-hinge design allows it to be converted from a tablet to a laptop configuration. It has a magnesium alloy case and shock-mounted flex-connect hard drive allowing it to handle up to a 30-inch drop to six sides, as well as a 12-inch drop from 26 angles. The computer also features a spill-resistant keyboard (up 6 ounces). The Toughbook CF-C2 weighs 3.99 pounds and has a built-in ergonomic hand strap for handheld use. It has a 12.5" HD touchscreen, Intel Core i5 processor and a range of integrated options. Panasonic announced the End of Life of the CF-C2 product line in October 2016. On June 12, 2008, a mandatory safety bulletin was published for this model and the CF-SX. Battery Diagnosis Control software should be installed in order to prevent battery related incidents. Panasonic states that, "This mandatory software update incorporates safety measures to monitor the condition and health of the battery." Toughbook semi-rugged models Panasonic CF-41 This was the very first model of the Panasonic CF-XX series, released back in March 1995. It was not marketed with the name "Toughbook" at that time, and although dismissed by Toughbook enthusiasts as not being worthy of the Toughbook name due to having no handle and lacking robust features that the CF-25 has, it is technically the first model released in the Toughbook line of laptops, also marketed under the "Panasonic Pronote AV" name in Japan. It was on the market until the October 1996 and was built in 3 models that had improved specifications over time; the CF-41 Mk1, the CF-41 Mk2 and the CF-41 Mk3. The range of processors fitted ranged from the 486DX2 up to the Pentium 120. The included memory ranged from 4MB up to 16MB with an expandability up to 32MB for some models. All models featured ESS soundcard audio, a quad speed CD drive, 1.4MB 3 1/2 inch floppy drive and 2 PCMCIA slots. The screens on most of the models are 640x480 TFT modules, with the very early models offering 640x480 STN modules and some of the later MK3 models offering 800x600 TFT modules. The installed 2.5 inch hard drives ranged from 260MB up to 1.35GB. A unique feature of the CF-41 is that the CD drive is accessed by lifting the keyboard; the under keyboard compartment also provided storage for another CD. IBM did a similar thing on the ThinkPad 760 series, where one could lift up the keyboard and swap out the CD drive, hard drive and battery. Toughbook CF-45 The CF-45 model is one of the earliest models of the Toughbook series. Equipped with an Intel Pentium MMX running at 200 or 233 MHz, it has a base memory of 32MB and is extendable up to 96MB EDO SODIMM via a socket accessible underneath the hard disk.. A 2.5" IDE hard disk interface is included (with stock sizes of 2 and 4GB), slim-line CD and 3.5" floppy drive, as were two PCMCIA slots. Other interfaces on the device were: Infrared port, USB 1.1 interface, one PS2 for either keyboard or mouse, RS232 serial, parallel printer port, 15-pin VGA output, and head-phone and microphone jacks. On the left it sports a small hardware reset button that can be tripped with a pen or other small object. On the bottom of the device, a 100-pin expansion slot is available for docking stations/extensions. The display is a 12.1" TFT with 800x600 pixels resolution and 256k colors. The battery is a rather compact housing Li-Ion with 10.8V 2.3Ah, which is accessed through a small lid on the bottom, as is the hard disk bay. The power supply supports input voltages of 100–240 V AC, with an output rated at 15.6 V 3.85 A. Toughbook FZ-55 The Toughbook 55 or FZ-55 is the replacement of the Toughbook CF-54, it was released in September 2019. It now features 9th gen Intel Whiskey Lake processors with integrated Intel UHD Graphics 620, an optional AMD Radeon Pro WX4150 dGPU, MIL-STD-810H and IP53 certification, and many customization options in the form of xPAK modules that slide in the sides of the laptop. While heavier than the preceding CF-54, it has almost twice the battery life: 20 hours on a single battery. Toughbook CF-54 The Toughbook CF-54 is a notebook in Panasonic's line of semi-rugged laptops, announced in February 2015. It is available in four models: Lite, Prime, Gloved Multi Touch and Performance. Each model features a 14-inch HD (768p) or Full HD (1080p) display, hard drive heater, backlit spill-resistant keyboard and integrated handle. As a semi-rugged laptop, it meets standards for semi-rugged levels of environmental resistance, including MIL-STD-810G certification for drops of up to 3 feet. It is powered by an Intel Core i5 Skylake processor with an Intel HD Graphics 520 iGPU, or an optional AMD FirePro M5100 dedicated GPU, with 4–16 GB RAM depending on the model. At 1.2 inches thick and weighing between 4.2 and 4.6 lbs, it is significantly thinner and lighter than previous models. Toughbook CF-53 The Toughbook CF-53 is a previous semi-rugged laptop iteration. Like the Toughbook CF-54, it is MIL-STD-810G certified for 3' drops as well as resistant to shock, dust, vibration, altitude & other environmental factors. The Toughbook CF-53 also comes equipped with a spill-resistant keyboard and multi-touch touchpad as well as standard integrated DVD drive. A sunlight-viewable touchscreen protected by a replaceable film screen is also available as an integrated option. Processor options include both Intel Core i3 and i5 processors, with respective speeds ranging from 2.1 to 2.7 GHz. Drive options include 320 GB HDD or 128 GB SSD, and memory is expandable to 8 GB on all current models. Toughbook CF-52 The Toughbook CF-52 is a 15.4" widescreen semi-rugged laptop. It also meets semi-rugged standards for environmental resistance and enhanced performance features include an ATI Graphics chipset. Other enhancements include an Intel Core i5 processor and expanded capacity for both hard disk storage and RAM. Toughbook CF-SX2 The Toughbook CF-SX2 is a business-rugged laptop designed for mobile professionals. It has a drop-resistant magnesium alloy design and shock-mounted flex-connect hard drive, allowing it to handle up to a 30-inch drop to the base of the unit while operating, as well as a 12-inch drop from all other angles. The Toughbook CF-SX2 features a 12.1" HD display and runs on an Intel Core i5 processor with 4GB or 8GB SDRAM. Toughbook CF-AX3 The Toughbook CF-AX3 is a business-rugged Ultrabook with a 360° flip-over hinge design that converts into a tablet. It is tested to withstand a 76 cm drop and passes a 100-kgf pressurized vibration test. It has an 11.6" 1080p HD 10-finger capacitive display touchscreen and runs on an Intel Core i5 processor. Toughbook CF-LX3 The Toughbook CF-LX3 is a business-rugged notebook that is tested to withstand a 76 cm drop and passes a 100-kgf pressurized vibration test. It has a 14" HD display and runs on an Intel Core i5 processor. Toughbook CF-MX4 The Toughbook CF-MX4 is a business-rugged device with a 2-in-1 flip-over design that converts into laptop, tablet and presentation modes. It has a 12.5" touchscreen display and runs on an Intel Core i5 processor. Toughbook tablets Toughbook CF-H2 The Toughbook CF-H2 is a fully rugged handheld tablet PC. It has a sealed all-weather design and a magnesium alloy chassis encased in polycarbonate, and is IP65 and MIL-STD-810G certified with the ability to handle drops of up to six feet. Features of the Toughbook CF-H2 include a 10.1" sunlight-viewable LED touch screen, hot-swappable twin batteries, optional integrated barcode and SmartCard readers, and embedded wireless options, including 4G LTE mobile broadband. Toughbook CF-D1 The Toughbook CF-D1 is a fully rugged diagnostic tablet designed to allow field engineers to run real-time diagnostic programs, read telematic data and view schematics and designs. It has a 13.3" anti glare widescreen LCD with a shock-protected HDD. It is ruggedized to withstand drops of up to three feet and is IP65 rated for water and dust resistance. Toughbook UMPC Toughbook CF-U1 The Toughbook CF-U1 is a fully rugged ultra-mobile PC that runs the full Windows 7 Professional operating system. It has a 5.6” LCD touch screen and dual hot-swappable batteries. It has a sealed, fanless design that meets MIL-STD-810G and IP65 standards for environmental conditions, including withstanding a drop of 6 feet from any angle. The CF-U1 was withdrawn in 2014. References External links Panasonic TOUGHBOOK Global Toughbook USA Toughbook Europe Panasonic Corporation brands Laptops Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 1996

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Sony Vaio Y series The Vaio Y series is a line of notebook computer from Sony introduced in January 2010. It is a netbook-inspired model designed for travel use: compared with the other 13.3" models in the Vaio range, the Y lacks an optical drive, and is heavier and cheaper than the premium Sony Vaio Z series, but lighter than the consumer-grade Sony Vaio S series, with better battery life than either, thanks to the use of CULV processors. The weight is 3.92lbs (1.78kg). The Y series features a 13.3" 16:9 1366x768 screen, 2-8GB of DDR3 RAM, hard drive or SSD, CULV Intel dual-core CPU, Mobile Intel Intel GMA 4500MHD or ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4550 graphics (refreshed models only), integrated VGA webcam, gigabit ethernet, 802.11b/g/n wireless, and Windows 7 64 bit. Initially the Y series shipped with a Core 2 CULV CPUs; the mid-2010 refresh saw these replaced with newer Arrandale CULV chips. Battery specs are 5000 mAh (330g - standard) or 7500 mAh (490g - extended). Models (USA & Europe) Launch VPC-Y115FX: Intel Core 2 SU7300 (1.30 GHz), 4GB RAM, 320GB 5200rpm hard drive, Intel GS45 graphics, Windows 7 Home Premium ($799) VPC-Y118GX: Intel Core 2 SU7300 (1.30 GHz), 4GB RAM, 500GB 5200rpm hard drive, Intel GS45 graphics, Windows 7 Home Premium, included additional high-capacity battery ($999) VPC-Y11S1E (Sold in Europe): Intel Core 2 SU7300 (1.30 GHz), 4GB RAM, 320GB 5400rpm hard drive, Intel Media Accelerator 4500 MHD graphics, Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit Refresh VPC-Y21EFX and VPC-Y21SFX: Intel Core i3-330UM 1.20GHz, 4GB RAM, 320GB 5200rpm hard drive, Intel GS45 graphics, Windows 7 Home Premium VPC-2190X: Intel Pentium U5400 (1.20GHz), Core i3-330UM (1.20GHz) or Core i5-430UM (1.20GHz with Turbo Boost to 1.73GHz), 320 or 500GB hard drive or 256GB SSD, 2GB, 4GB, 6GB or 8GB of RAM, Intel GMA 4500 or ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4550 graphics, Windows 7 Home Premium or Professional External links Sony Vaio VPCY11S1E VAIO Series Y Y

laptop Form Factor and Weight

ThinkPad 8 The ThinkPad 8 is a business-oriented tablet computer with an eight-inch touchscreen, released by Lenovo in January 2014. It is one of the Lenovo's first Windows-based small-screen tablet devices, along with the Lenovo Miix 2, and also one of the first with a high-resolution full HD display. Along with the first-generation ThinkPad 10, it is part of the third generation of ThinkPad-branded tablets, succeeding the ThinkPad Tablet 2. Specifications The ThinkPad 8 has an 8.3-inch multi-touch IPS display with a 1920×1200 resolution and 16:10 aspect ratio. It is powered by Intel's "Bay Trail" quad-core mobile Atom Z3770 CPU, has two gigabytes of RAM, and comes with up to 128 gigabytes of internal flash storage. Micro-HDMI and USB ports allow use with an external display, and a keyboard or mouse. A microSD card slot allows storage upgrades. Models with Wi-Fi only and units with additional 4G cellular data connectivity are both available. Stereo sound is delivered through a pair of speakers placed on the device's back side. The ThinkPad 8 weighs , and it is thick. Its back is made from machine-cut aluminum and the front is all black. The rear eight-megapixel camera is surrounded by a red accent, while the two-megapixel front-facing camera blends into the face. An optional so-called "quickshot cover" magnetically attaches to the device and wakes it upon opening, and also has a small flap covering the rear camera that automatically starts the camera application when lifted. The ThinkPad 8 runs the Microsoft Windows 8 operating system and comes standard with Microsoft Office. History The ThinkPad 8 was launched in the United States in late January 2014, at a starting price of $449. , it has been discontinued on the Lenovo's online store in the United States. See also Comparison of tablet computers History of tablet computers ThinkPad Tablet References External links Lenovo ThinkPad 8 review: Sharp screen, worst-in-class battery life, Engadget, May 1, 2014, by Dana Wollman Review: Two 8-inch Lenovo tablets, only one clear purpose, Ars Technica, March 30, 2014, by Peter Bright Why I Won't Switch To Lenovo's ThinkPad 8, Business Insider, April 1, 2014, by Kyle Rusell Lenovo Tablet computers Tablet computers introduced in 2014

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad 350 The IBM Thinkpad 350 series was a notebook computer series introduced in 1993 by IBM as part of their Thinkpad laptop series. It was the successor to the IBM ThinkPad 300. With only 2 models ever made in the series, it was succeeded in 1994 by the IBM Thinkpad 360 series. History The 350 was announced in June 1993. The 125MB disk version started shipping in June 1993, the 250MB version started shipping in July. Features The 350 series shipped with IBM PC-DOS 5.02 as the included operating system. Both models in the series came with an Intel 486SL running at 25 MHz, and a CT-65530 video controller with 1 MB of video memory. Both models also had a standard 4 MB of RAM that was on a proprietary IC DRAM Card. If a user wanted to upgrade the ram, the 350 ThinkPads supported an IC DRAM Card size up to 20 MB. Both in the series came with a 125 or 250 MB standard hard drive, and a non-removable 1.44 MB floppy drive. Both models also had a battery life up to 9 hours. In March 1994, IBM cut the prices by 12%. The 350 is identical to the PS/Note 425 and the 350C is identical to the PS/Note 400SL/25. Models IBM ThinkPad 350 — The first model in the series, it introduced a Intel 486SL running at 25 MHz, a monochrome 9.5" STN display with 640x480 resolution, 4 MB of ram on an IC DRAM Card, a non-removable 3.5" 1.44 MB floppy drive and a 250 MB hard disk drive. The 350 weighed 5.2lb in total, and started at $2,099. Other features included: Trackpoint II, Type II PCMIA slot. IBM ThinkPad 350C — Basically the same as the first, and also the second and last in the series, it only had 1 notable change to a 9.2" STL LCD 640x480 256 color display. It also added the additional option of a 125 MB hard drive alongside the 250 MB option. It weighed 5.7lbs, a .5lb gain from the base 350 model. The 350C started at a price of $1,999 with the highest being $2,399. Comparison Reception A review by the Los Angeles Times considered the ThinkPad 350 not an impressive machine due the fact it was bundling IBM DOS instead of MS-DOS or Microsoft Windows. A review of the 350C by InfoWorld noted the good screen and the relatively short battery life. References ThinkPad 350 350

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Ultrabook Ultrabook is a marketing term, originated and trademarked by Intel, for a category of high-end laptop computers. They were originally marketed as featuring ultra thin form factor and light weight design without compromising battery life or performance, and when the term was originated they generally were enough smaller than average laptop models to qualify as subnotebooks. As ultrabook features became more mainstream in the mid-late 2010s, explicitly branding laptop models as ultrabooks became much less frequent. As of 2021, while Intel maintains the Ultrabook trademark, it is rarely used for new models and has been superseded in Intel's own marketing by the Intel Evo branding. History In 2011, Intel Capital press officer Jordan Balk Schaer announced a new fund to support startups working on technologies in line with the company's concept for next generation notebooks. The company set aside a million fund to be spent over the next three to four years in areas related to Ultrabooks. Intel announced the Ultrabook concept at Computex in 2011. The Ultrabook would be a thin (less than 0.8 inches thick) notebook that utilized Intel processors, and would emphasize portability and a longer battery life than other laptops By this marketing initiative and an associated million fund, Intel hoped to influence the slumping PC market against rising competition from smartphones and tablet computers, which are typically powered by competing ARM-based processors. Ultrabooks competed against other subnotebooks, including Apple’s MacBook Air, which has similar form specifications and was powered until 2020 by Intel CPUs, but was not advertised under the Ultrabook brand. At the Intel Developer Forum in 2011, four Taiwan ODMs showed prototype Ultrabooks that used Intel's Ivy Bridge chips. Intel plans to reduce power consumption of its chips for Ultrabooks, like Ivy Bridge processors, which will feature 17W default thermal design power. At a presentation at the Consumer Electronics Show, an Intel manager stated that market analysis revealed that screen size motivated some of the reluctance to switch to 13" Ultrabooks. As a result, Intel planned to ensure, through cooperation with manufacturers, a 14 or 15-inch screen on 50% of the 75 Ultrabook models that would likely come to market in 2012. IHS iSuppli had originally forecast that 22 million Ultrabooks would be shipped by the end of 2012, and 61 million would be shipped in 2013. By October 2012, IHS had revised its projections down significantly, to 10 million units sold in 2012 and 44 million for 2013. Most Ultrabooks were too expensive for wide adoption. In addition Intel's constant changing of Ultrabook specifications caused confusion among consumers; and this was compounded by OEMs that released slim/"sleek" or "Sleekbook" laptops (e.g. Hewlett-Packard Pavilion TouchSmart 15z-b000 Sleekbook, Samsung Ativ Book 9 Lite) that are cheaper AMD-powered variants of their more expensive Intel-equipped Ultrabooks. Overall there was a shift in the market away from PCs as a whole (including Ultrabooks) and towards smartphones and tablet computers as the personal computing devices of choice. Intel banked on the release of Windows 8 as well as new form factors, such as "convertible" laptops with touchscreens and tablets with keyboard docks ("detachable"), and features (accelerometers and gyroscopes for touchscreens, hand-gesture recognition) to build demand for Ultrabooks. With the third generation Ultrabook specification, introduced in June 2013 alongside its new Haswell processor architecture, Intel also added the requirement for all future Ultrabooks to include touchscreens. The requirement, grounded in user experience research, was intended to prevent "game-playing" and market confusion from OEMs, who had offered low-end products with touchscreens but not Ultrabooks. Specifications Intel required that manufacturers meet certain specifications to market a laptop as an Ultrabook. These requirements changed with each release of Intel's Centrino mobile platform. List of models References External links . . . American inventions Intel products sv:Ultrabook

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Sony Vaio F series The Vaio F series is Sony's current multimedia and gaming orientated laptop. Launched in January 2010, it replaced the Sony Vaio FW series. Like the preceding model, it features a 16.4" screen, but with Full HD 1920x1080 resolution, 240 Hz refresh rate, and LED backlight. The model came in two choices, 2D or 3D models. The 3D model is included with 3D glasses. The 6.85 lbs machine features a Sandy Bridge Intel i7 quad CPU's ranging from 2.20 GHz to 3.60 GHz with Intel Turbo Boost, 4GB, 6GB, or 8GB DDR3 RAM, NVIDIA GeForce GT 520M (with 512MB VRAM), or GT 540M (with 1GB VRAM) graphics, 500GB to 750GB HDD or 512GB SSD, 802.11b/g/n wireless, Blu-ray read or write drive, Bluetooth 3.0 and Windows 7 Home Premium. It features a LED backlit QWERTY keyboard with a numeric keypad and set of touch media keys by which you can pause, play, skip, stop or switch between media. It also has a Vaio button which launches Media Gallery, an ASSIST button which launches Vaio Care, a 3D button, which converts playing videos to 3D in real time (3D Models only) and a WEB button, which when pressed when the computer is off starts the computer with internet support only without booting Windows. The computer is wedge shaped, almost 2inches in the rear, tapering off to almost an inch in front, when closed the screen has a slight under bite. The computer as recessed speakers located above the keyboard. The computer was available in premium white, matte black, silver (2D Models), or glossy black (3D Models). It has a VGA Port, an HDMI Port, a microphone in-port, an optical out speaker port, 2 USB 3.0 ports, a single USB 2.0 port, a gigabit Ethernet port and a 4 pin i-LINK port. The high-capacity Sony Vaio VPCF11S1E battery included has a running time of 4 hours or longer and requires approximately 4–5 hours to fully charge (this depends on what operation system mode is being used, as well as the different specifications of the device). 1999–2000 model The original F series was launched with four models: the F160, F180 and F190 featured an active matrix 14.1" 1024x768 screen, while the base F150 model offered only a passive-matrix 13.0" 1024x768 screen. All four featured Pentium II processors from 300 MHz to 366 MHz, between 32MB and 64MB of RAM, a 4.3 or 6.4GB hard drive, 56k built-in modem, a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, and optional second battery/removable floppy disk drive. The weight of F1- 14.1" models with floppy drive removed was 3.1 kg. The successor models, launched mid-1999 were the F250, F270 and F290, each with 1024x768 resolution, and 13.0", 14.1" or 15.0" screens respectively, plus improved hardware specifications. F3xx, F4xx, F5xx and finally F6xx (the last in October 2000) models were also released. The final spec of the F690 was a 15.0" 1400x1050 screen, Pentium 3 850 CPU, 30GB hard drive, DVD drive and 128MB RAM, weighing 3.1 kg. Models with a "K" suffix shipped with Windows 2000. External links SonyStyle.com findarticles.com Site DOWN www.pcpro.co.uk Site DOWN F Computer-related introductions in 2010

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PB286LP The PB286LP, released in 1989, was Packard Bell's first laptop computer. The laptop featured an 80C286 processor clocked at 12 MHz and 1 MB of RAM, along with a single ISA expansion slot. Packard Bell released the PB286LP in 1989 among a slew of products aimed at the corporate market. Technology writers gave it mostly positive reviews, although some noted its 16-lb weight as hefty and its monochrome LCD as somewhat flawed. Originally only capable of CGA-mode graphics, the laptop was updated in 1990 to support VGA. Packard Bell discontinued the PB286LP in 1991, in favor of more-compact, notebook-sized computers. Development and specifications The PB286LP was the first laptop of Packard Bell, a defunct trademark of Teledyne Technologies revived as a computer manufacturer by Beny Alagem, Alex Sandel and Jason Barzilay in 1986. The laptop was announced in November 1988 amid a barrage of computers aimed at the corporate market. The PB286LP, which features an 80C286 processor clocked at 12 MHz—downclockable to 6 MHz—was marketed to existing buyers of 80286-based personal computers. It arrived stock with 1 MB of RAM SIMMs, expandable up to 5 MB. Packard Bell included a single full-length ISA expansion slot to offer users a means of expanding and upgrading the laptop. The laptop carries a 1.44 MB floppy disk drive and was optioned with either a 20 MB or a 40 MB hard disk drive. Conner and TEAC manufactured the hard and floppy drives respectively. In addition the PB286LP had an optional 2400-bps modem. The systems chipset of the PB286LP was manufactured by Intel, while the BIOS was provided by Award. The PB286LP's video chipset was designed in-house by Packard Bell and has an interface eight bits wide and support for both double-scan CGA and MDA. The laptop's monochrome LCD measures 9.7 inches diagonally with an aspect ratio of 1.6:1. Its removable nickel–cadmium battery battery had a claimed battery life of three hours in 1990. Packard Bell allowed users to enable a battery-conservation feature that turns off the laptop's LCD and spins down the hard disk drive after several minutes without use. The laptop's dimensions measured 3.2 in by 12.8 in by 13.5 in (height, width and depth). Its nominal weight on announcement was originally under 15 lb, later 7 lb. However, after production, the laptop had grown to between 16 and 18 lb— in one reviewer's write-up, the laptop weighed 20 lb. The Ni-Cd battery takes up roughly 3.5 lb of the weight. In April 1990, the laptop received an update in the form of the PB286LP-VGA, bumping the stock RAM from 1 MB to 2 MB and adding VGA support to its video chipset. Both the PB286LP and PB286LP-VGA were manufactured in Taiwan. Reception Reviewers of the PB286LP frequently noted its heft; Bruce Brown of PC Magazine called it "on the high side" for a clamshell laptop in its processor class but wrote that its long battery life warranted it. He found it a strong contender for a 286 laptop and called its LCD "exceptionally clear" and "terrific for text", albeit with occasional flickering in graphical modes. Brown liked the keyboard but found reservation with the lack of an unshifted asterisk key, making for "minor aggregation" for "heavy file manipulators". In several benchmarks measuring the speed of the laptop's memory chips, the speed of its hard disks and its processor's ability to perform floating point and non–floating point computations, the PB286LP gave middle-of-the-road results compared to 34 other 286-based laptops. Despite this, Brown rated the laptop "a good bet" for buyers seeking a long battery life while not needing advanced graphical capability. John Diebold of PC World called the PB286LP "a nice little generic laptop" with "OK performance" and an "impressive battery life". He found the quality of Packard Bell's support line unreliable, on the other hand, with him and his editors at PC World unable to so much as leave a message in their computerized answering machine. In a comparison between the PB286LP and lunchbox computer by Semi-Tech Microsystems, Gene Wilburn of Computing Canada found that he preferred the latter despite its lack of a battery and slower 10 MHz processor because of STM's inclusion of a plasma display and a more standard keyboard. In Personal Computing, reviewer Christopher O'Malley wrote that, in stark contrast with Packard Bell's other offerings, the PB286LP was "fast and fashionable", performing as well as or even better than its contemporaries in its processor class, such as Toshiba's T1600 or Compaq's SLT/286. O'Malley discovered that its battery could last up to approximately four hours in an average use case scenario and rated the machine overall an "exceptionally good buy" when considering that its street price of around US$2,500 was $1,000 less than comparable laptops. Unlike Brown, the reviewer called the PB286LP's display a letdown because of its lack of VGA comparability and "persistent ghosting ... and an occasional case of the shakes". O'Malley criticized the laptop's dearth of accessories and single ISA slot and decried the lack of upgrade path to a 40 MB hard drive for purchasers of the 20 MB version of the laptop. O'Malley also found its keyboard somewhat cramped. In conclusion, however, he wrote that, "as it is, the Packard Bell offers an impressive mix of price and performance", and while not "the state-of-the-art machine that the SLT/286 and ProSpeed 286 are", "it may be the best full-featured 286 laptop you'll find for less than $3,000". Eva J. Blinder of Home Office Computing gave the follow-up PB286LP-VGA three stars out of four, liking the keyboard's tactility and calling the LCD "reasonably readable". She kept it from earning a perfect score for several unspecified design flaws, however. Legacy The laptop was succeeded by the PB286NB, a much more compact notebook computer that weighed only six pounds, in November 1990. The PB286LP line was discontinued the following year. See also Packard Bell Statesman Citations References Computer-related introductions in 1989 IBM PC compatibles Packard Bell laptops

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo IdeaPad U310 The Lenovo IdeaPad U310 is an Ultrabook-class notebook computer released in 2012. It is the successor to the Lenovo U300s. The U310 has an aluminum-slab design with an island keyboard and a large touchpad. Hardware specifications Christopher Null of Wired wrote, "Surprisingly, the U310 I reviewed performed almost identically in benchmark tests to the U300s I reviewed in November. That’s interesting, because the prior machine featured a 256GB SSD, and the U310 features a slow, 5400rpm 500GB traditional hard drive. It seems the faster CPU and slower hard drive manage to cancel each other out in the end. At about 4 hours, 20 minutes of video playback, even battery life is almost the same as it was last time around." The U310 has a 13.3-inch 1366x768 resolution screen. The U310 has two USB 3.0 ports and one USB 2.0 port, an HDMI port, a wired ethernet port, and an SD card slot. Issues Wireless connectivity issues Many owners reported poor wireless connectivity, a fact later acknowledged by Lenovo, and allegedly affecting all U310 and U410 models built prior to 23 July 2012. Lenovo suggested that users affected by the issue send their Ultrabook to customer support, however no official recall campaign was issued and malfunctioning units in stock were still sold internationally. After the repair, some users still reported the same issue. However, despite the statement above, reports continue to come in of laptops manufactured after the date mentioned having the same wireless problem. Lenovo is in the process of settling a class-action lawsuit to either repair the faulty laptops, refund $100, or give a $250 voucher towards another laptop purchase. Cracking case and hinge A number of users throughout the world have reported that the hinges of their Ideapad U310 notebooks were popped out and sometimes cracking sounds could be heard after half of a year or one year's normal usage. So far, Lenovo refused to acknowledge this problem and tried to charge customers for replacing the whole screen, which almost costs as much as a new U310. No official recall campaign was issued. Reviews A review in Wired praised the U310 for its "awesome value," "solid performance," and sturdiness while complaining about the screen quality and lack of keyboard backlighting. References External links U310 Subnotebooks

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook 1400 The PowerBook 1400 is a notebook computer that was designed and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.) from 1996 to 1998 as part of their PowerBook series of Macintosh computers. Introduced in October 1996 at a starting price of $2,499, it was the first new PowerBook after the controversial PowerBook 5300. After the introduction of the more powerful PowerBook 3400 in February 1997, the 1400 took on the role of Apple's entry level notebook and remained there until its discontinuation in May 1998. Its successor, the PowerBook G3 Series (i.e. - "Wallstreet"/"Mainstreet") would ultimately go on to replace and consolidate not only the 1400, but the 2400 and 3400 as well. Throughout its 18 months on the market, the PowerBook 1400 was available in a number of different configurations. It was originally released with a 117 MHz PowerPC 603e processor; a 133 MHz processor was added in July 1997, and the line topped out with a 166 MHz processor the following December. Each version was available as either a "c" or a "cs" model, differentiated largely by type of LCD technology used. While both models came with 11.3" color displays with 800 x 600 resolution, the pricier 1400c came equipped with an active matrix display and the 1400cs came with a less expensive passive matrix, dual-scan display. The optional 6x CD-ROM is implemented using a sleep-swappable module system similar to the one pioneered by the PowerBook 5300; other modules include a Zip drive and the standard 1.4 MB floppy (an 8x CD-ROM would eventually become standard on the 133 MHz model). A pioneering feature of the 1400 is the "BookCover" laptop skin which allows owners the opportunity to give their PowerBook a customized look. Every 1400 shipped with a gray cover, a clear cover, and six inserts; a ClarisWorks template was also included as an "extra" on the system restore CD, from which users could design their own BookCover. The 1400 was easily upgradeable. System memory modules can be "piggy-backed" onto each other (another feature unique to the 1400), allowing the use of additional RAM. The CPU is located on a removable daughter card, which can be replaced with one containing a faster processor, including a number of commercially available cards with PowerPC G3 processors from vendors such as Sonnet Technologies, NewerTech, and Vimage. Aside from its two PC Card slots, the 1400 also included an internal expansion slot. Although few applications were ever developed to utilize it, Apple did release their own branded video card which included an increased amount of VRAM and an external video port. Other devices included a third-party video card, as well as a relatively rare Ethernet networking card. There are several well-known issues concerning the PowerBook 1400. Like all other PowerBooks prior to the PowerBook G4, the drive controller used in the 1400 is incompatible with ATA-6 hard drives. Compatibility issues could also arise with hard drives larger than 8.2 GB, resolvable by partitioning the boot drive to less than 8.2 GB or by using Mac OS 8.6 or later. Additionally, unlike all Apple notebooks to come after it, the 1400 would not boot from a CD by holding down the "C" key while starting the machine; the only workarounds for this were selecting the CD in the Startup Disk control panel before rebooting, or pressing the Command-Opt-Shift-Del keys. According to Low End Mac the 117 MHz model is a "compromised Mac" due to the lack of a level 2 cache. Specifications References External links Apple-history.com: 1400 series specs Lowendmac.com: 1400 series specs 1400c PowerPC Macintosh computers Computer-related introductions in 1996

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Toshiba T1000 The Toshiba T1000 was a laptop computer manufactured by the Toshiba Corporation in 1987. It had a similar specification to the IBM PC Convertible, with a 4.77 MHz 80C88 processor, 512 kB of RAM, and a monochrome CGA-compatible LCD. Unlike the Convertible, it includes a standard serial port and parallel port, connectors for an external monitor, and a real-time clock. Unusually for an IBM compatible PC, the T1000 contained a 256 kB ROM with a copy of MS-DOS 2.11. This acted as a small, read-only hard drive. Alternative operating systems could still be loaded from the floppy drive, or (if present) the ramdisk. Along with the earlier T1100 and T1200 systems, the Toshiba T1000 was one of the early computers to feature a "laptop" form factor and battery-powered operation. Reception PC Magazine in 1988 named the Toshiba T1000 an "Editor's Choice" among 12 tested portable computers. One reviewer called it "the first real DOS laptop" and a plausible replacement for his Tandy 200, while another praised its durability after 60,000 miles of traveling and "incredible bargain" $800 street price. BYTE in 1989 listed the T1000 as among the "Excellence" winners of the BYTE Awards, stating that it "takes portability to the limit ... as self-contained as you can get and still have a real computer that can handle real-world workloads". Noting that it was available for as little as $850, the magazine reported that "Many of us are in love with this one". In the same issue, Jerry Pournelle praised it as a "little gem". While acknowledging that it cost more than the TRS-80 Model 100 and NEC PC-8201, he believed that "you get quite a lot for the added weight and price", and reported that "Many writers swear by the T1000. David Drake loves his". Specification Software Compatibility Compatible with software written for the IBM PC/XT using a color graphics adapter (CGA) display Interfaces RGB (CGA) color video port Composite b&w monochrome video port RS-232-C serial port Parallel printer port Numeric keypad port External diskette drive port Toshiba proprietary memory slot Toshiba proprietary modem slot - "B" form factor See also Toshiba T1000LE Toshiba T1100 Toshiba T1200 Toshiba T3100 Notes The laptop's battery pack must be charged and working for the laptop to power on. References Toshiba Corporation, T1000 Portable Personal Computer User's Manual, 1987 IBM PC compatibles T1000

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad 310 IBM ThinkPad 310 was a notebook computer series introduced in 1997 by the IBM corporation into the market as part of their ThinkPad laptop series. It was succeeded by the ThinkPad 380 series. Features All models shipped with Windows 95 OSR2 but were capable of running up to Windows XP, if they have a sufficient RAM upgrade, as well as several Linux variations. They could also run older operating systems such as Windows 3.1. All models featured a Socket 7 Intel Pentium I or MMX processor running at 133 to 166 MHz, a CT-65550 video chip with 1 MB of video memory, and a Yamaha YMF715 audio controller. The standard memory size was 16 MB, with up to 32 MB max if upgraded. The ThinkPad models ending with a D included a CD-ROM drive, the rest included a 1.44 MB floppy disk drive. Ones that had a CD-ROM drive had a proprietary external floppy disk drive port on the back. Models IBM ThinkPad 310 — The base model released only in Europe, it featured an Intel Pentium I running at 133 MHz, 16 MB of soldered EDO RAM, standard 1.08 GB hard drive, and a non-removable 1.44MB floppy disk drive. It also had an 11.3" 800x600 DSTN display with the additional option of an 11.3" 800x600 TFT display. Other features included: NiHM battery, Trackpoint, (2) Type II CardBus slots or (1) type III. IBM ThinkPad 310D — Released alongside the 310 but available worldwide, it had essentially the same specifications as the base 310 model, with the only difference of a CD-ROM drive over the 1.44 floppy disk drive. It also only had an 11.3" 800x600 DSTN display over the base 310's additional TFT display option. IBM ThinkPad 310E — Made available late 1997, the E had a few new features. It featured an Intel Pentium MMX 166 MHz processor, 16 MB of soldered EDO RAM, 1.6 or 2.1 GB hard drive size options, and a 1.44 MB floppy disk drive. It came with a larger 12.1" 800x600 DSTN display with the additional option of an 11.3" 800x600 TFT display. It also came with a NiHM battery which could last up to 2.8 hours on one charge. Other features included: Trackpoint, (2) Type II CardBus slots or (1) type III. IBM ThinkPad 310ED — The last model in the series also available late 1997, it was basically the same as the 310E, with the only difference of a CD-ROM drive and only offering a 12.1" 800x600 DSTN display option. The 310ED introduced the additional option to come standard with 32 MB of ram. Comparison References External links Thinkwiki.de - 310 Thinkwiki.org - 310 ThinkPad 310 310

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Handheld PC A handheld personal computer (PC) is a miniature computer typically built around a clamshell form factor and is significantly smaller than any standard laptop computer, but based on the same principles. It is sometimes referred to as a palmtop computer, not to be confused with Palmtop PC which was a name used mainly by Hewlett-Packard. Most handheld PCs use an operating system specifically designed for mobile use. Ultra-compact laptops capable of running common x86-compatible desktop operating systems are typically classified as subnotebooks. The first hand-held device compatible with desktop IBM personal computers of the time was the Atari Portfolio of 1989. Other early models were the Poqet PC of 1989 and the Hewlett Packard HP 95LX of 1991 which run the MS-DOS operating system. Other DOS-compatible hand-held computers also existed. After 2000 the handheld PC segment practically halted, replaced by other forms, although later communicators such as Nokia E90 can be considered to be of the same class. The name Handheld PC was used by Microsoft from 1996 until the early 2000s to describe a category of small computers having keyboards and running the Windows CE operating system. Microsoft's Handheld PC standard The Handheld PC (with capital "H") or H/PC for short was the official name of a hardware design for personal digital assistant (PDA) devices running Windows CE. The intent of Windows CE was to provide an environment for applications compatible with the Microsoft Windows operating system, on processors better suited to low-power operation in a portable device. It provides the appointment calendar functions usual for any PDA. Microsoft was wary of using the term "PDA" for the Handheld PC. Instead, Microsoft marketed this type of device as a "PC companion". To be classed as a Windows CE Handheld PC, the device must: Run Microsoft's Windows CE Be bundled with an application suite only found through an OEM Platform Release and not in Windows CE itself Use ROM Have a screen supporting a resolution of at least 480×240 Include a keyboard (except tablet models) Include a PC card slot Include an infrared (IrDA) port Provide wired serial and/or Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectivity HP's first displays' widths were more than a third larger than that of Microsoft's specification. Soon, all of their competition followed. Examples of Handheld PC devices are the NEC MobilePro 900c, HP 320LX, Sharp Telios, HP Jornada 720, IBM WorkPad Z50, and Vadem Clio. Also included are tablet computers like the Fujitsu PenCentra 130, and even communicators like the late Samsung NEXiO S150. In 1998 Microsoft released the Palm-size PC, which have smaller screen sizes and lack keyboards compared to Handheld PC. Palm-size PC became Pocket PC in 2000. Due to limited success of Handheld PC, Microsoft focused more on the keyboard-less Pocket PC. In September 2000, the updated Handheld PC 2000 was announced which is based on version 3.0 of Windows CE. Interest in the form factor overall quickly evaporated, and by early 2002 Microsoft were no longer working on Handheld PC, with its distinct functionality removed from version 4.0 of Windows CE. HP and Sharp both discontinued their Windows CE H/PCs in 2002, while NEC was last to leave the market in 2005. However, some manufacturers abandoned the format even before Microsoft did, such as Philips and Casio. See also References Mobile computers Windows CE devices de:Handheld PC lt:Delninis kompiuteris

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Samsung N130 The Samsung N130 is a subnotebook/netbook computer designed by Samsung. At the time of its introduction, it was noted for a good keyboard, large 6-cell battery as standard, giving a battery life of up to 7.5 hours a medium 160gb SATA hard disk drive and a release price of 349 USD. Technical overview Processor and memory The Samsung N130 uses a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom N270 processor. The N130 has 1 GB of 200-pin PC2-6400 800MHz DDR2 SDRAM memory as standard. Internally, the N130 has one slot for memory accepting SO-DIMM memory modules up to 2 GB. Display The screen is a non-glossy LED backlit display and measures 10.1 inches diagonally, and has a resolution of 1024×600 pixels. An external VGA out is also included. Keyboard As with earlier models, the 83-key keyboard is 93% of the size of a full-size keyboard, which makes typing quite easy on the netbook. The keyboard is made with Silver Nano (Anti-Bacterial) technology. Storage The standard internal hard drive size is 160 GB. It also includes an SD card slot, supporting MMC, SD and SDHC cards for additional storage as a standard features of this netbook series. Operating systems The N130 is shipped either with Windows XP Home Edition, Windows Vista Business or Windows 7 Starter. Linux (e.g. Ubuntu, Mandriva) distributions are also supported. Colors and configurations The N130 is available in different colors and configurations. Colors include white, black, blue and pink. The configurations may differ in the lack of Bluetooth, e.g. some models in German markets, the fitting of a UMTS/HSDPA module, a weaker battery. The new model N140 is an upgrade of the basic N130 design, with modified touchpad, Bluetooth 2.0+EDR (standard configuration) and improved styling. Criticism Some users noticed a keyboard typing problem because the placement of the Page up, Backspace and Page down keys was considered troublesome. See also Comparison of netbooks References External links N130 official page Samsung N130 - Community Site Netbooks N130

laptop Form Factor and Weight

ThinkPad L series The ThinkPad L-series laptops from Lenovo were designed with the theme of "green". The first laptops in the series were described by Lenovo as being the environmentally friendliest products in the ThinkPad range. Key features that contributed to the eco-friendly tag were the use of recycled material for packaging and post-consumer recycled content (such as office water jugs and used IT equipment). The predecessor of the ThinkPad L series was the ThinkPad A series, conceived as a desktop replacement. The ThinkPad A series was discontinued in favor of two product lines, the ThinkPad R series and the ThinkPad G series. The ThinkPad R series introduced Lenovo's new product naming system, as indicated in the published tech specs. The R61 laptop was renamed as R400 and R500. The first digit in the name referred to the display screen size of the product. The R400 laptop had a 14.1" display, while the R500 laptop had a 15.4" display. From the R series onwards, all ThinkPad models transitioned to widescreen displays. Models 2010 The L-series laptops were launched in 2010 to replace the ThinkPad R series. The first two L-series models – the ThinkPad L412 and the ThinkPad L512 laptops – were predicted to be launched on Earth Day in 2010. The L410 and L510 models ships only in a India market. L412 and L512 The L412 and L512 laptops met eight military specifications, including parameters for high and low temperature, vibration, altitude and dust. However, the L-series laptops remained relatively lightweight starting at 5.2 lbs (≈2.36 kg). The L-series models were also reputed to be Lenovo's greenest laptops. Lenovo indicated that they were 40% more power efficient than other laptops, and were made from recycled plastic from office water jugs and miscellaneous used equipment. The L-series laptops were made available with a variety of options, allowing them to be customized to handle business demands, or used as entry-level laptops. The laptops could be equipped with Intel i3 or i5 processors, integrated graphics, or discrete AMD Radeon graphics. Alternatively, the L-series entry-level model included a Celeron P4500 CPU,  GB hard disk, and 1 GB RAM. The L series was designed to improve on the features of the R-series laptops. L-series laptops were reputed to increase performance over the R series by 150% and improve boot and shutdown times on Windows by 57%. The laptop chassis was also 11% thinner and 12% lighter than the R-series models it was introduced to replace. Upon release, the ThinkPad L412 was praised by reviewers, with Laptop Magazine calling it a "value-priced business notebook". The review also praised the laptop for green features, performance, and ergonomic design. The L412 was well received by Laptop Magazine, with the reviewer giving the laptop a score of 4 out of 5 stars. Similarly, NOTEBOOKCHECK gave the ThinkPad L412 laptop a score of 75% (good) from an average of five scores from seven reviews. PCWorld listed the pros of the ThinkPad L412 laptop as being eco-friendly and affordable, while stating that the cons were the loud keyboard and low battery life. The ThinkPad L512 also received positive reviews, with reviewers comparing it with both the ThinkPad T series and the ThinkPad SL series. NotebookReview.com noted that the L512 was almost identical to comparable SL-series laptops in appearance, with "a consumer take on the rugged, business-oriented T-series ThinkPad". The review also indicated that the chassis flex was less than the Edge 15, but more than the T-series laptops. The L512 was praised for its screen protection with no distortion on the LCD despite heavy pressure applied to the cover, and the easy access to internal components. The green features of the L512 also received notice, with Notebook Review stating that "The L series offers up to 30% post-consumer content, LED-backlit screens and green packaging that takes up 20% less space." 14" (L412) The L412 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L512) The L512 has a 15.6-inch display. 2011 In February 2011, the ThinkPad L420 and L520 were announced by Lenovo. L420 and L520 Continuing the naming convention, the L420 has a 14" display, while the L520 has a 15" display. The 2011 line of L-series laptops included up to second generation Intel i7 processors, Intel HD Graphics or options for AMD Radeon discrete graphics, Lenovo Enhanced Experience 2.0 for Windows 7, and solid-state storage drives. The L420 and L520 laptops offered battery life of up to 11.5 hours and 10.8 hours respectively with the optional 9-cell battery. Lenovo also indicated that the L-series laptops are lighter than similar, competing products. The L420 and L520 continued the series trend of environmentally friendly features. The L series offered savings on operating costs of 40% annually, as compared to previous generation ThinkPads. The L420 and L520 also featured up to 30% post-consumer recycled content. According to Lenovo, office jugs and used IT equipment had been recycled into different L-series parts including the screen cover, the palm rest, and the top and bottom case. As with most ThinkPad laptops, the L-series models featured certifications from Energy Star and EPEAT Gold. The Laptop Magazine review of the ThinkPad L420 indicated the pros as being the "great keyboard, affordable price, good battery life, and quick boot time". The battery life marked an improvement over the ThinkPad L412, which was criticized for its low battery life. Laptop Magazine indicated that the cons were weak audio, multitouch gestures, and bland design. Other reviews did not raise similar comments about design. For example, Zimbio only indicated that the L420 comes in a "simple, all-black design". However, the audio was criticized by Zimbio as well, with the reviewer indicating that the sound was slightly muffled. The L520 was awarded a Business Buy award from Expert Reviews, which indicated in its review that the laptop would appeal to users who preferred "function over form". The review praised the laptop for performance. Points raised about the display were that the backlight was suitably bright and even, and while colors were clear, they were not as vibrant as those found on a glossy screen. This was suggested by the reviewer to be due to the matte finish on the screen, meant to reduce glare from overhead lighting. The keyboard was lauded, with the reviewers praising the large, molded keys that gave 'great feedback'. The only point of contention was the function key, replacing the Control key at the bottom left corner of the keyboard. 14" (L420) The L420 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L520) The L520 has a 15.6-inch display. 2012 In May 2012, the Thinkpad L430 and L530 were announced by Lenovo. L430 and L530 The L430 and L530 replaced the L420 and L520. They have the new, island type keyboard. 14" (L430) The L430 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L530) The L530 has a 15.6-inch display. 2013 L440 and L540 Introduced in October 2013, these feature the new 4th-gen Haswell Intel CPUs, and the new press-to-click 5-point touchpad, integrating the trackpoint's buttons with the top of the touchpad. 14" (L440) The L440 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L540) The L540 has a 15.6-inch display. 2014 L450 Features the 4th-gen Haswell Intel CPUs and the 5th-gen Broadwell Intel CPUs. 14" (L450) The L450 has a 14.0-inch display. 2016 L460 and L560 Introduced in first quarter 2016, these feature the new 6th-gen Skylake Intel CPUs. 14" (L460) The L460 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L560) The L560 has a 15.6-inch display. 2017 L470 and L570 Introduced in first quarter 2017, these feature the new 7th-gen Kabylake Intel CPUs. 14" (L470) The L470 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L570) The L570 has a 15.6-inch display. 2018 L380, L380 Yoga, L480, and L580 Introduced in first quarter 2018, these feature Celeron, 7th-gen, or the new 8th-gen Kabylake R (refresh) Intel CPUs. 13" (L380, L380 Yoga) The L380 and L380 Yoga have a 13.3-inch display. The Yoga is convertible. 14" (L480) The L480 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L580) The L580 has a 15.6-inch display. 2019 L390, L390 Yoga, L490, and L590 Introduced in first quarter 2019, these feature Celeron or the new 8th-gen Whiskey Lake Intel CPUs. 13" (L390, L390 Yoga) The L390 and L390 Yoga have a 13.3-inch display. The Yoga is convertible. 14" (L490) The L490 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L590) The L590 has a 15.6-inch display. 2020 L13, L13 Yoga, L14, and L15 Introduced between the last of quarter 2019 and the beginning of 2020, these feature Celeron, Pentium Gold, the new 10th-gen Intel Core CPUs, or 3rd-gen Ryzen Mobile. 13" (L13, L13 Yoga) The L13 and L13 Yoga have a 13.3-inch display. The Yoga is convertible. 14" (L14) The L14 has a 14.0-inch display. 15" (L15) The L15 has a 15.6-inch display. References External links ThinkPad L series at Lenovo.com Lenovo laptops L series Computer-related introductions in 2010

laptop Form Factor and Weight

ThinkBook ThinkBook is a line of business-oriented laptop computers and tablets designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo. The ThinkBook line is marketed towards small business users and gets the same market position as Lenovo's ThinkPad E series. The ThinkBook does not have a TrackPoint, physical touchpad buttons, and has a simplified keyboard layout. However, the ThinkBook has an aluminum case (instead of a plastic Thinkpad E case). 13s and 14s The first product lineup launched in 2019 with the ThinkBook 13s and 14s. Both laptops include TPM 2.0 security chips, fingerprint readers, webcam shutters similar to those on ThinkPads, and dedicated buttons for Skype. They support 8th Generation Intel Core processors, AMD Radeon 540X graphics, M.2 SSD storage, USB-C Docks, and run Windows 10 Pro. The ThinkBook 13s has a 13-inch screen and the 14s has a 14-inch screen. See also Lenovo IdeaPad IBM/Lenovo ThinkCentre IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad HP ProBook Dell Vostro References External links Official Lenovo ThinkBook website Think Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 2019 Products introduced in 2019

laptop Form Factor and Weight

TRS-80 Model 100 The TRS-80 Model 100 is a portable computer introduced in 1983. It is one of the first notebook-style computers, featuring a keyboard and liquid crystal display, in a battery-powered package roughly the size and shape of a notepad or large book. It was made by Kyocera, and originally sold in Japan as the Kyotronic 85. Although a slow seller for Kyocera, the rights to the machine were purchased by Tandy Corporation. The computer was sold through Radio Shack stores in the United States and Canada and affiliated dealers in other countries. It became one of the company's most popular models, with over 6 million units sold worldwide. The Olivetti M-10 and the NEC PC-8201 and PC-8300 were also built on the same Kyocera platform, with some design and hardware differences. It was originally marketed as a Micro Executive Work Station (MEWS), although the term did not catch on and was eventually dropped. Specifications Processor: 8-bit Oki 80C85, CMOS, 2.4576 MHz Memory: 32 kB ROM, 8, 16, 24, or 32kB static RAM. Machines with less than 32 kB can be expanded in 8 kB increments of plug-in static RAM modules. An additional 32 kB Option ROM can be installed, for a total of 64 KB of ROM (bank-switched in a 32 KB aperture), and the Standard ROM is socket-mounted (not soldered-in) so is readily replaceable. Display: 8 lines, 40 characters LCD, twisted nematic (gray) monochrome, with 240 by 64 pixel addressable graphics. The screen is reflective, not backlit. The screen was made by Sharp Electronics. The LCD controllers are by Hitachi: (10) HD44102CH column controller ICs and (2) HD44103CH row driver ICs; the HD44102CH's provide the programmable hardware interface to software. The refresh rate is about 70 Hz (coarsely regulated by an R-C oscillator, not a crystal). Keyboard: 56 keys, QWERTY layout with full standard spacing, 8 programmable function keys, 4 dedicated command keys. These last 12 are tactile "button"-style keys. Almost all keys other than the 12 function keys are capable of rollover (without phantom keys appearing depressed), so multi-key combinations can be used. Peripherals: The basic unit includes: Built-in 300 baud telephone (POTS) modem (North American versions), Centronics-compatible parallel printer port, RS-232 serial communication port (sharing serial I/O chip with internal modem), barcode reader input, cassette audio tape I/O, real-time clock. Expansion: System bus interface DIP socket (under a cover on the bottom of the machine). Dimensions: 300 by , weight about with batteries Power supply: Four penlight (AA) cells, or external power adapter 6V (>180 mA, tip negative configuration) The 8K and 24K versions sold for US$1,099 and US$1,399 respectively. The Model 100 was promoted as being able to run up to 20 hours and maintain memory up to 30 days on a set of four alkaline AA batteries. It could not run from the rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries available at the time, but a hardware modification was available that made this possible. The computer's only available form of mass storage was the port for a cassette audiotape recorder, which was notoriously finicky and unreliable. Many times several attempts to read a tape were required, along with much adjustment of the volume setting. A popular alternative was the Tandy Portable Disk Drive (TPDD), introduced in 1986, a serial device capable of storing 100 KB of data on a 3.5-inch single-sided double-density diskette; this drive is identical to the Brother FB100 drive for knitting machines. A second version, the TPDD2, can store up to 200 KB. A Disk/Video Interface expansion box was released in 1984, with one single-sided double-density 180KB 5-1/4 inch disk drive and a CRT video adapter. This allowed the Model 100 to display 40 or 80 column video on an external television set or video monitor. One empty drive bay permitted the installation of a second disk drive (which proved handy for backing up disks). Another popular form of data backup was that of file transfer to a desktop computer, via either the modem connected to a telephone line, or the RS-232 serial port connected to a null modem cable. The built-in TELCOM firmware made this a convenient option. Not coincidentally, the TRS-80 Model 4's TRSDOS 6 operating system included a utility called TAPE100 that used the Model 4's cassette port to read and write tapes created by a Model 100, the data of which were stored in TRSDOS disk files. Also because TRSDOS 6 included a communications application (COMM/CMD), the Model 100 proved a popular "peripheral" for the Model 4 customer. A bar code reader wand was also offered. ROM firmware When first switched on, the Model 100 displays a menu of applications and files and the date and time. The ROM firmware-based system boots instantly, and the program that was running when the unit was powered off is ready to use immediately on power-up. Cursor keys are used to navigate the menu and select one of the internal or added application programs, or any data file to be worked upon. The 32 kilobyte read-only memory of the Model 100 contains the N82 version of the Microsoft BASIC 80 programming language. This is similar to other Microsoft BASICs of the time and includes good support for the hardware features of the machine: pixel addressing of the display, support for the internal modem and serial port, monophonic sound, access to tape and RAM files, support for the real-time clock and the bar code reader, and I/O redirection between the machine's various logical devices. Like previous Microsoft BASIC interpreters, variable names were restricted to two characters and all program lines and subroutines were numbered and not named. However, the default for floating point numbers is double-precision. This was reportedly the last application software with code written by Bill Gates. The ROM also contains a terminal program, TELCOM; an address/phone book organizer, ADDRSS; a to-do list organizer, SCHEDL; and a simple text editor, TEXT. The TELCOM program allows automation of a login sequence to a remote system under control of the BASIC interpreter. As with other home computers of the era, a vast collection of PEEK and POKE locations were collected by avid hobbyists. The Model 100 TEXT editor was noticeably slow in execution, especially for fast touch typists. This was due partly to the slow 8085 CPU and due partly to the slow response time of the LCD screen. Often after speed-typing a sentence or two, the user would have to wait several seconds for the computer to "catch up". As a small compensation, many users found it somewhat amusing watching the text appearing on the display, particularly text inserted into the body of a paragraph. A perhaps not well-known but documented feature of TEXT was that it partially supported the WordStar command interface. The supported commands were the cursor movement and character deletion <Control><alpha> key combinations on the left hand side of the keyboard; the commands for activating Wordstar menus, like the <Ctrl><K> Block menu, were not functional. Invisible files in the system RAM named "Hayashi" and "Suzuki" commemorate the names of designers Junji Hayashi and Jay Suzuki. Another invisible deleted file named "RickY" refers to Rick Yamashita. The Model 100 firmware was the last Microsoft product that Bill Gates developed personally, along with Suzuki. According to Gates, "part of my nostalgia about this machine is this was the last machine where I wrote a very high percentage of the code in the product". Added applications and data files are stored in the internal battery-backed RAM; these can be loaded from and stored to an audio cassette tape recorder or external floppy disk drive. Optional ROMs can be installed in the Model 100, providing a range of customized application software. Only one optional ROM can be installed at a time. Some commercial software applications for the Model 100 were also distributed on cassette. The Model 100 ROM has a Y2K bug; the century displayed on the main menu was hard-coded as "19XX". Workarounds exist for this problem. Since the century of the date is not important for any of the software functions, and the real-time clock hardware in the Model 100 does not have a calendar and requires the day of the week to be set independently of the date, the flaw does not at all impair the usability of the computer; it is cosmetic. Applications When introduced, the portability and simplicity of the Model 100 made it attractive to journalists, who could type about 11 pages of text and then transmit it for electronic editing and production using the built-in modem and TELCOM program. The keyboard is full-size and uses a standard (QWERTY) layout; reviewers praised it but reported that it was noisy. To quiet the computer, owners put orthodontic rubber bands under the keys. The computer is otherwise silent when it operates, except for the speaker, and runs for 20 hours on 4 readily available and easily replaceable AA batteries. Data is protected by a built-in rechargeable (Ni-Cd) battery when the AA batteries discharge or are removed for replacement. There are several simple programs available on the Internet for transferring files between a Model 100 and a modern personal computer (or a vintage one). The Model 100 was also used for industrial applications and in science laboratories as a programming terminal for configuration of control systems and instruments. Its compactness (ease of handling and small space requirements), low maintenance needs, lack of air vents (a plus for dusty or dirty environments), full complement of ports, and easy portability made it very well suited for these applications. Third-party peripherals for the Model 100 extended its battery life and file storage capacity. Software was designed, and is still available, to extend the display capabilities (to 60 columns and 10 rows of text using smaller characters) and to provide more advanced word-processing or calculation software than the supplied programs. To this day, hobbyists continue to design games, applications, and hardware for this device. Simple drawing programs and games using the pixel-addressable display were favorites among users. As with virtually all other contemporary home computers, users are able to create their own applications using the included BASIC programming language. There are no built-in facilities for 8085 assembler programming, but the thoroughly-documented BASIC interpreter by Microsoft offered the clever coder tricks for accessing machine code subroutines. These tricks usually involved packing the raw object code into strings or integer arrays, and would be familiar to veteran programmers for the older TRS-80 Models I and III. Peers and successors The Tandy 200 was introduced in 1984 as a more capable sister product of the Model 100. The Tandy 200 has a flip-up 16 line by 40 column display and came with 24 KB RAM which can be expanded to 72 KB (3 banks of 24 KB). Rather than the "button" style keys of the Model 100, its four arrow keys are a cluster of keys of the same size and shape as those comprising the keyboard, though the function and command "keys" are still of the button type. The Tandy 200 includes Multiplan, a spreadsheet application. It also added DTMF tone dialing for the internal modem, whereas the Model 100 only supports pulse dialing. On a phone line that doesn't support pulse dialing, users may dial manually using a touch-tone phone and then put the Model 100 online. The last new model that could be considered part of this line was the Tandy 600, introduced in October 1985. Similar to the Tandy 200, it features a flip-up screen, but with 80 columns rather than 40. Built-in features include a 3.5" diskette drive, rechargeable batteries, and 32K of RAM expandable to 224K. The underlying software platform was Microsoft's 16-bit Hand Held Operating System (Handheld DOS or HHDOS), along with word processing, calendar, database, communication and spreadsheet software. Unlike earlier models, BASIC was an extra-cost option rather than built in. The last refresh to the product line was the Tandy 102, introduced in 1986 as a direct replacement for the Model 100, having the same software, keyboard, and screen, and a nearly identical, but thinner, form factor that weighed about one pound less than the Model 100. This reduction in size and weight was made possible by the substitution of surface-mount chip packaging. Standard memory for the Model 102, 24K RAM, was upgradable to 32K with an ordinary 8K SRAM chip. Later portables from Tandy no longer featured a ROM-based software environment, starting with the Tandy 1400LT, which ran a diskette-based MS-DOS operating system. Similar computers from other companies The Olivetti M-10 and the NEC PC-8201 and PC-8300 were built on the same platform as the original Kyocera design. The earlier and smaller Epson HX-20 of 1983 used a much smaller LCD display, four lines of twenty characters, and had an internal cassette tape drive for program and file storage. There were several other "calculator-style" computers available at the time, including the Casio FP-200, the Texas Instruments CC-40, and the Canon X-07. Systems of about the same size and form-factor as the Model 100, aimed at journalists, were sold by companies such as Teleram, as the Teleram T-3000 and GRiD Systems, as the GRiD Compass, which was used by NASA. GRiD was later acquired by Tandy. The Bondwell 2 of 1985 was a CP/M laptop in a similar form factor to the Model 200. Convergent Technologies released the WorkSlate in late 1983 which similarly targeted mobile computing. Computers from two other British companies were similar in form and functionality to the Model 100. The Cambridge Z88 of 1987, developed by British inventor Sir Clive Sinclair, had greater expansion capacity due to its built-in cartridge slots. It had a far more sophisticated operating system called OZ that could run multiple applications in a task-switched environment. The firmware contained a powerful application called Pipedream that was a spreadsheet that could also serve capably as a word processor and database. The other British computers were the Amstrad NC100 and NC200, produced from 1992. The electronic word processing keyboards AlphaSmart Dana and the Quickpad Pro bear some resemblance to the physical format of the TRS-80 Model 100. In Japan, Pomera still makes and sells dedicated word processors under model names Pomera DM100, Pomera DM200 etc. The Laser 50 educational computer is in the same size and form factor as the Model 100, and was sold by Video Technology. Reception Tandy stated that the Model 100's sales "have only been moderate", and an InfoWorld columnist later claimed that "it was only journalists" who had been buying it. The system's popularity with journalists, however, probably helped Radio Shack improve the company's poor reputation with the press and in the industry. The magazine's reviewer called the computer "remarkable", praising its power relative to size and price and noting that he wrote the review "at the lofty height of 37,500 feet aboard a United DC-10". He concluded, "I'm not used to giving Radio Shack kudos, but the Model 100 is a brave, imaginative, useful addition to the realm of microcomputerdom" and "a leading contender for InfoWorlds Hardware Product of the Year for 1983", an award which it indeed won. BYTE in 1983 described the Model 100 as "an amazing machine". While noting the lack of mass storage, the reviewer praised "one of the nicest keyboards I've used on any machine, large or small" and the "equally impressive" built-in software, and concluded "the designers of this machine ... should be congratulated". Dave Winer in 1984 described the 100 in the magazine as "the first useful portable computer", listing its screen, keyboard, and software as why it was "a breakthrough". The magazine later stated that "Tandy practically invented the laptop computer". PC Magazine criticized the Model 100 display's viewing angle, but noted that the text editor automatically reflowed paragraphs unlike WordStar. It concluded that the computer "is an ingenious, capable device ... an exciting example of the new wave of portable computers". Your Computer magazine selected the Kyocera portable computer (including the Tandy, NEC and Olivetti models) as the best personal computer in its 1983 "Personal Computer of the Year" awards. Creative Computing said that the Model 100 was "the clear winner" in the category of notebook portables under $1000 for 1984, although cautioning that "the 8K version is practically useless". Aftermarket products DLPilot - allows a Palm OS PDA with a serial port to emulate a Tandy TPDD drive, providing affordable, compact, and portable storage that is easily synced to a desktop computer ReMem - replaces all the memory in the laptop, allowing the use of 4MB of flash ROM and 2MB of SRAM REX - memory subsystem that fits in the option ROM socket Tandy 200 RAM Module - adds 2 banks of 24kb to a T200 NADSBox - New Age Digital Storage Box - Interfaces an SD media card using the Tandy TPDD drive protocol for portable storage and easy file transfers to a desktop computer using industry-standard FAT-formatted Secure Digital cards. PCSG's SupeROM - WriteROM word processor; FORM spreadsheet input template; LUCID spreadsheet; Database (relational); Thought outliner. References Notes TRS-80 Model 100 Owner's Manual, (1983) Tandy Corporation, Fort Worth Texas BYTE Magazine April 1984, advertisement for Disk-Video Interface BYTE Magazine May 1985, advertisement for Model 200 Rich Malloy, "Little Big Computer: The TRS 80 Model 100 Portable Computer", BYTE magazine, May 1983 pg. 14 - 34 Stan Wszola, "NEC PC 8201 Portable Computer", BYTE magazine June 1983, pg. 282 External links TRS 80 Mod. 100 in 1984 Radio Shack catalog The Model 100 Users Group Projects and products for 8-bit 'True Portable' laptops Oldcomputers.net page on Kyotronic 85 TRS 80 Model 100 teardown guide NEC personal computers RadioShack Portable computers Computer-related introductions in 1983

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Acer TravelMate TravelMate is a line of business-oriented laptop computers manufactured by Acer. Of the various notebook series Acer has offered, the TravelMate is designated as a lightweight business and professional computer built to withstand day-to-day activities. Travelmate laptops are well received by reviewers, often, however, they are faulted for a lack of visual appeal. The TravelMate name was previously used by Texas Instruments, which sold its mobile computing division to Acer in 1997. The TravelMate mainly competes against computers such as Dell's Latitude, HP's EliteBook and ProBook, Lenovo's ThinkPad and Toshiba's Portégé. Overview Hardware Depending on the model, the TravelMate series' standard features may include a full specter of actual ports, include an Ethernet adapter, and one or more PC Card slots. They may also include a docking port, an optical drive, and one VGA port. The version with soldered memory is uncommon. The more hi-end models come with professional graphics cards. The TPM chip is also a common option. As with other laptops, earlier models used CFL backlit LCD screens, later transitioning to LED backlit screens. The classic models may have a pointing stick option, a docking port, fingerprint reader, and other hi-end business features. The curved keyboard layout was only a TravelMate family feature. Software The operating system included with the Travelmate has, at various times, been Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. Several proprietary utilities from Acer are usually provided, which interface with the operating system. These programs include Acer ePower Management for changing the computer's mobile power options, Acer eRecovery Management for flexible data backup, and Acer Launch Manager for configuring the computer's launch keys, which launch user-defined applications. Others utilities manage passwords, file encryption, memory optimization, and network connections. Many models organize these together into an interface called 'Empowering Technology' - with the aim of allow safer, more comfortable and practical use of the notebook. History Texas Instruments TravelMate models TravelMate 3000 (1991) TravelMate 4000m (1995) Acer models TravelMate series TravelMate 2420 The TravelMate 2420 was a Centrino based laptop computer, featuring either a Celeron M or a Pentium M processor at 1.7 GHz, depending on the region where it was to be distributed. As of April 2007, this model was discontinued by Acer Corp in the USA and Mexico. In Latin America it included one 256 MB DDR2 SO-DIMM, though in other countries it included one single SO-DIMM module of 512 MB. The Latin American version also included a 40 GB @ 4200 rpm Hard Disk. In other countries the Hard Disk was 80 GB. As it was based on the Centrino platform, it included a 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet adapter, a Wireless Ethernet adapter, a Bluetooth adapter and one PC Card slot. It also included three USB 2.0 ports, one VGA port, and a CD-RW/DVD-ROM as optical media drive. TravelMate 5760 The TravelMate 5760 was manufactured in 2011 becoming a rather popular laptop in 2012. It featured the Intel Core i3-2310M dual-core processor at 2.10 GHz. The device came with a hard drive of 250 GB, 320 GB, 500 GB, 640 GB or 750 GB and a 4 GB 1066 MHz DDR3 SDRAM. It was however, able to support up to 8 GB of RAM. It came with the Windows 7 Professional operating system and also featured an HDMI port, three USB 2.0 ports, one VGA port, and one RJ-45 ethernet port. Travelmate 6292 The Travelmate 6292 was manufactured from 2007-2009. It featured an Intel Centrino duo chip set consisting of 802.11a/g/draft-n, Bluetooth 2.0+edr and an Intel Core 2 Duo processor at 2.0 or 2.2 GHz. The unit came with 2GB of 667 MHz DDR2 SO-DIMM RAM, a 160GB HDD, and Intel GMA X3100 graphics accelerator. The laptop has been praised for its ruggedness, but faulted for its poor visual appeal. This laptop has been a popular choice for making a "Hackintosh" computer, as it had nearly identical hardware to the 2006 clamshell polycarbonate MacBook. Travelmate P6 Released in 2020 model has a 14" screen and was equipped with 8 ports: 2 USB, 1 USB-C port, HDMI, charging port, 3.5 audio jack, SD reader and Ethernet. This model was described as a solid business machine, but keyboard typing was less comfortable that a typing on a ThinkPad X1 keyboard. TravelMate TimelineX series The TimelineX are ranges of laptops focused on ultra-long battery life on the order of 8 hours. In addition to the Travelmate, 'Timeline' has also been available with Acer Aspire. Acer TravelMate 8172 Acer TravelMate 8371 Acer TravelMate 8331 Acer TravelMate 8372 Acer TravelMate 8471 Acer TravelMate 8431 Acer TravelMate 8472 Acer TravelMate 8473 Acer TravelMate 8481 Acer TravelMate 8552 Acer TravelMate 8571 Acer TravelMate 8531 Acer TravelMate 8572 TravelMate Spin B1 TravelMate Spin B3 References External links of Acer TravelMate Notebooks TravelMate Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 1990 Products introduced in 1990

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Compaq Presario R3000 The Compaq Presario R3000 Line is a Series of laptops designed and built by Hewlett-Packard Corporation. They originally shipped with Microsoft Windows XP but could be configured with 98, 2000, or ME. The series used Intel or AMD Processors, could be ordered with 128 MB (128 MiB) up to 1 GB of RAM (with some being reserved for graphical memory), and could come with an ATI Mobility Radeon 9000/9100 or Nvidia GeForce 4 integrated graphics chip. The integrated sound card was made by Analog Devices and outputs to JBL Pro speakers that sit above the keyboard. Certain configurations included an integrated Broadcom 54G wireless networking card. Connection ports include USB, Firewire, 3.5mm audio output, 3.5mm audio input, s-video output, VGA output, and parallel. One port that is special to this series is an Expansion Port for HP's Expansion Dock that allows an extra array of ports when the laptop is docked. Several optical media options were available including a standard DVD read-only drive up to a DVD+RW/CD-RW drive at varying speeds. The computer is encased in a black and silver plastic shell, weighs about ten pounds, and has two cooling fans, both mounted under the keyboard. Presario R3000 References

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook Duo 210 The PowerBook Duo 210 is a portable notebook personal computer, manufactured by Apple Computer Inc., and introduced in October 1992. Priced at US$2250, the PowerBook Duo 210 was the low-end model of the two simultaneously released PowerBook Duos. (The PowerBook Duo 230 was priced at US$2610). The specifications of the PowerBook Duo 210 are almost identical to the PowerBook 160, except that the PowerBook Duo 210 has a smaller display (9.1 inch). Its case design is identical to the PowerBook Duo 230, but it shipped with 25 MHz 68030, instead of the faster 33 MHz 68030 on the Duo 230. The PowerBook Duo 210 had a 80MB SCSI Hard Disk Drive. It was discontinued on October 21, 1993. Duo 210

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Bondwell-2 The Bondwell-2 was an early laptop personal computer running the CP/M operating system. Introduced by Bondwell in 1985, it came with a Zilog Z80 CPU clocked at 4 MHz, 64 kB RAM and 4 kB ROM. It had a 3.5" floppy disk drive, highly unusual for a CP/M system, as this OS was largely outmoded by the time 3.5" drives were introduced. The Model 2's main attraction was its price, at 995 USD it also included MicroPro's complete line of CP/M software, including WordStar. Also unusually for a CP/M system, the Bondwell-2 was capable of displaying bitmapped graphics. The flip-up LCD display's resolution was 640x200 pixels, or 80x25 text characters. A 300 baud modem was available as an option. References External links vintage-computer.com: Bondwell 2 Laptop, vintage-computer.com Laptops CP/M Computer-related introductions in 1985

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Sony Vaio SZ series The SZ is a discontinued series of notebook computers from Sony introduced in mid-2006 to replace the S series. They fall into the ultraportable notebook class, with a 13.3" 16:10 ratio 1280x800 screen, and a weight from 1.69kg for the top model, which featured carbon fiber casing. The first models came with an Intel Core Duo Processor; in later models, this was replaced with an Intel Core 2 Duo. All models came with an hybrid graphics system, which features an integrated GMA 950 graphics and an Nvidia GeForce Go 7400 (later replaced with GeForce 8400M) graphics and were the first to be able to switch between the two with a reboot of the system. The chip-sets of SZ series have two basic modifications. There are different BIOS and chipset drivers available. The Napa chip-set line is installed in makes SZ1 to SZ4 and Santa Rosa is installed in SZ5 and up. Most other hardware parts are gradually upgraded with increasing series number. Typically, the original drivers for advanced series are backward compatible with previous variants. Those drivers contain code for earlier hardware variants and can be installed instead of older driver packages. It is particularly useful since earlier series were not designed for Vista or Windows 7 OS. Sony download pages for earlier SZ series don't have drivers for these systems. All SZ series are capable to run Windows 7 OS if proper RAM and BIOS upgrades are performed. SZ peripheral hardware contained: Bluetooth, WiFi, Landline modem, WLAN modem, Ethernet, Built-in web camera, memory card reader, fingerprint reader, audio, TPM module, Sony programmable IO module, ALPS touchpad. The SZ series was superseded by the Z series (high-end, 13.1" screen) and SR series (lower cost, 13.3" screen) in 2008. External links SZ Series – Product Tour How to Install Sony VAIO SZ Drivers and Utilities on a Clean Windows XP Sz

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Dell Latitude The Dell Latitude series is a line of laptop computers manufactured and sold by American company Dell. It is a business-oriented line, aimed at corporate enterprises, healthcare, government, and education markets; unlike the Inspiron series, which is aimed at individual customers, and the Vostro series, which is aimed at smaller businesses. The Latitude directly competes with the Lenovo ThinkPad and the EliteBook series by HP. Additionally, the "Rugged (Extreme)", "XFR" and "ATG" models compete primarily with Panasonic's Toughbook line of "rugged" laptops. Overview and product type The Dell Latitude series have dropped the initial alphabet in newer model types (as in Latitude 7480 whose predecessor was E7470), and became the successor to the popular Latitude E, D, C, and X series. The Latitudes from the early 1990s up until the C*00 lines weren't in a set "series", instead of going under the models CP and XP with modifiers at the end, e.g.: XPi, CP M233. In the past, the high-end line was the 6 series, being the C6x0, D6x0, and E64x0 lines, but as of 2015 this line has been discontinued and replaced by both the 5 series and the 7 series. The 15" "Premium" line was the 8 series, until the E-series merged this line with the 6 series (Model numbers being along the lines of C8x0 or D8x0). The entry-level line was the 5 series, but as of 2015 the 5 series and 7 series Latitude laptops are the primary lines of Latitude laptops. The 3 series has replaced the 5 series as the budget line. Dell has also since dropped the E from the Latitude line (due to switching to a USB C/Thunderbolt dock system, rather than the e-Port analog pin-system docks), and the models are delineated by number now, e.g.: Latitude 5480, 5570. The second number in the model (As in, 5470 or 7280) indicates the size of the screen on the laptop. The current Dell Latitude lineup is as follows: Latitude 3xxx series. Budget models intended for education and small businesses, available in 13.3"/14"/15.6" trims. Latitude 5xxx series. Mainstream line. Replaces the 6000 series and shares same chassis with Mobile workstation models. available in 11.1"/12.5"/13.3"/14"/15.6" trims. Latitude 7xxx series. "Premium" Ultrabooks, available in 12.5"/13.3"/14" trims only. Latitude 9xxx series. "Ultra-premium" laptops and 2-in-1s. Available with 14 and 15 inch displays and are the first laptops featuring 5G WWAN Latitude computers are also differentiated in their feature sets, due to their business focus. For example, they often include security features such as smartcard and contactless smartcard, and TPM security, vPro and AMD Dash management, DisplayPort (as opposed to HDMI), Docking stations and support for legacy standards are all results of the requirements of the business market. Some models also have the capability of Latitude ON which can be selected during the configuration of the laptop. Latitude ON is essentially a system within a system. It requires a separate add on module which contains its own microprocessor and Operating system. This allows the laptop to function in the realm of a Netbook. Current models (List does not include rugged modifications). Dell used the "E-series" name up through the 2016 models, and new 2017 models drop the "E." and Dell E-Port Replicator with it. As of February 2017. Latitude computers are available in three series: the 3000, 5000, and 7000. The 3000 series is designed to be entry-level aimed at the education market and small businesses, This series did not exist prior to Haswell (xx40) as the Vostro Series was consolidated into the Latitude lineup to form the 3000 series. The 5000 series is mid-range. It includes a high-performance subseries whose model designations end in 1. These devices are available with higher-TDP (45w) processors, discrete graphics and NVMe SSDs. The 6000 series sat above the 5000 series. The 7000 series consists of high-end Ultrabook computers, introduced in 2014 with the Latitude E7440 and E7240 and replaced the existing high end 6000 series. Mobile workstation versions of Latitude used 5000 series instead of 6000 series. Aside from the 3000, 5000, and 7000 series, Dell also provides an Education and Rugged Series of Latitude computers. The Education series laptops are designed for use in educational institutions and are geared towards office and internet based applications. The Rugged series laptops are similar to the previous Latitude XFR computers. They are designed with extra durability in mind. xx20 Models (2021) Dell announced xx20 models at CES 2021. 9520 9420 7520 7420 7320 5520 5521 5420 5421 5320 3520 3420 3320 3120 xx10 Models (2020) 9510 2-in-1: 15.0" lightweight 2-in-1 9510: 15.0" Lightweight 9410 2-in-1: 14.0" Lightweight 2-in-1 7410 2-in-1: 14.0" Ultraportable 2-in-1 7410: 14.0" Ultraportable 7310 2-in-1: 13.3" Ultraportable 2-in-1 7310: 13.3" Ultraportable 7210 2-in-1: 12.3" Detachable 2-in-1 5510: 15.6" Mainstream 5511: 15.6" High Performance 5410: 14.0" Mainstream 5411: 14.0" High Performance 5310 2-in-1: 13.3" Mainstream 2-in-1 5310: 13.3" Mainstream 3510: 15.6" Essential 3410: 14.0" Essential 3310 2-in-1: 13.3" Essential 2-in-1 3310: 13.3" Education Previous Models xx00 Models (2019) 7400 2-in-1: 14.0" Ultraportable 2-in-1 7400: 14.0" Ultraportable 7300: 13.3" Ultraportable 7200 2-in-1: 12.3" Detachable 2-in-1 5501: 15.6" High-Performance 5500: 15.6" Mainstream 5401: 14.0" High-Performance 5400: 14.0" Mainstream 5300 2-in-1: 13.3" Mainstream 2-in-1 5300: 13.3" Mainstream 3500: 15.6" Essential 3400: 14.0" Essential (Celeron-4305U, 8th Gen Core i3-8145U/i5-8265U-8365U/i7-8565U) 3301: 13.3" Essential 3300: 13.3" Education xx90 Models (2018) 7490: 14.0" Ultraportable (7th gen Core i3, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 7390: 13.3" Ultraportable (7th gen Core i3/i5, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 7390 2-in-1: 13.3" Ultraportable 2-in-1 (8th gen Core i3, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 7290: 12.5" Ultraportable (7th gen Core i3/i5, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 5591: 15.6" High-Performance (8th gen Core i5/i7) 5590: 15.6" Mainstream (7th gen Core i3/i5, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 5491: 14.0" High-Performance (8th gen Core i5/i7) 5490: 14.0" Mainstream (7th gen Core i3/i5, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 5495: 14.0" Mainstream (AMD Ryzen Pro Mobile: 3 2300U, 5 2500U, 7 2700U) 5290: 12.5" Mainstream (8th gen Core i5/i7) 5290 2-in-1: 12.3" Mainstream 2-in-1 (7th gen Core i3/i5, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 3590: 15.6" Essential (7th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5, 8th gen Core i5/i7) 3490: 14.0" Essential (6th gen Celeron-3865U,Core i3-6606U 7th gen Core i3-7130U/i5-7200U, 8th gen Core i5-8250U-8350U/i7-8550U) 3390 2-in-1: 13.3" Essential 2-in-1 (7th gen Pentium/Core i3, 8th gen Core i5) xx80 Models (2017) 7480: 14.0" Ultraportable (7th gen Core i3/i5/i7) 7389: 13.3" 2-in-1 Ultraportable (7th gen core i3/i5/i7) 7380: 13.3" Ultraportable (7th gen Core i3/i5/i7) 7285: 12.3" Convertible Ultraportable (7th gen Core m3/m5/m7) 7280: 12.5" Ultraportable (7th gen Core i3/i5/i7) 5580: 15.6" Mainstream (7th gen Core i5/i7) 5480: 14.0" Mainstream (7th gen Core i5/i7) 5289: 12.5" Ultraportable 2-in-1, (7th gen Core i3/i5/i7) 5285: 12.3" Convertible Ultraportable, detachable keyboard (7th gen Core i3/i5/i7) 5280: 12.5" Mainstream (7th gen Core i5/i7) 3580: 15.6" Essential (7th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5/i7) 3480: 14.0" Essential (6th gen i3-6006U/i5-6200U 7th gen Celeron-3865U, Core i3-7100U/i5-7200U-7300U/i7-7500U) 3380: 13.3" Essential (7th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5/i7) 3189: 11.6" Education Convertible 2-in-1 (Pentium N4200 Intel 7265, Celeron N3350) 3180: 11.6" Education (Celeron N3350) Exx70 Models (2016) E7470: 14.0" Ultraportable (6th gen Core i3/i5/i7) E7270: 12.5" Ultraportable (6th gen Core i3/i5/i7) 7370: 13.3" Ultraportable (6th gen Core m3/m5/m7) 7275: 12.3" Convertible Ultraportable (6th gen Core m3/m5/m7) E5570: 15.6" Mainstream (6th gen Core i5/i7) E5470: 14.0" Mainstream (6th gen Core i5/i7) E5270: 12.5" Mainstream (6th gen Core i5/i7) 5175/9: 10.8" Ultraportable 2-in-1 (6th gen Core m5/m7) 3570: 15.6" Essential (6th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5/i7) 3470: 14.0" Essential (6th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5/i7) 3370: 13.3" Essential (6th gen Core i3) 3379: 13.3" Essential 2-in-1 (6th gen Core i3/i5) Exx50 Models (2015) E7450: 14.0" Ultraportable (5th gen Core i3/i5/i7) Latitude 13 7350: 13.3" Convertible Ultraportable 2-in-1 Tablet (5th gen Core M) E7250: 12.5" Ultraportable (5th gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5550: 15.6" Mainstream (5th gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5450: 14.0" Mainstream (5th gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5250: 12.5" Mainstream (5th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5/i7) E3550: 15.6" Essential (5th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5/i7) E3450: 14.0" Essential (5th gen Celeron/Core i3/i5/i7) Exx40 Models (2013/2014) E7440: 14.0" Ultraportable (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 ULV) E7240: 12.5" Ultraportable (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 ULV) E6540: 15.6" Mainstream (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 Mobile) E6440: 14.0" Mainstream (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 Mobile) E5540: 15.6" Mainstream (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 ULV) E5440: 14.0" Mainstream (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 ULV) E3540: 15.6" Essential (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 ULV) E3440: 14.0" Essential (4th gen Core i3/i5/i7 ULV) Exx30 Models (2012/2013) E6530: 15.6" Mainstream (3rd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6430: 14.0" Mainstream (3rd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6330: 13.3" Mainstream (3rd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6230: 12.5" Mainstream (3rd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5530: 15.6" Essential (3rd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5430: 14.0" Essential (2nd gen core i3) or (3rd gen Core i3/i5/i7) 6430u: 14.0" Ultraportable (3rd gen Core i3/i5/i7) Exx20 Models (2011/2012) E6520: 15.6" Mainstream (2nd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6420: 14.0" Mainstream (2nd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6320: 13.3" Ultraportable (2nd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6220: 12.5" Ultraportable (2nd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5520: 15.6" Essential (2nd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5420: 14.0" Essential (2nd gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5520m: 15.6" Value (Celeron/Core2Duo) E5420m: 14.0" Value (Celeron/Core2Duo) E6420 XFR: 14.0" Fully Rugged (2nd gen Core i5/i7) E6420 ATG: 14.0" Semi-Rugged (2nd gen Core i5/i7) Exx10 Models (2010/2011) E6510: 15.6" Mainstream (1st gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6410: 14.1" Mainstream (1st gen Core i3/i5/i7) E6410 ATG: 14.1" Semi-Rugged (1st gen Core i5/i7) E5510: 15.6" Essential (1st gen Core i3/i5/i7) E5410: 14.1" Essential (1st gen Core i3/i5/i7) E4310: 13.3" Ultraportable (1st gen Core i3/i5/i7) Exx00 Models (2008/2009) E6500: 15.4" Mainstream (Core 2 Duo) E6400: 14.1" Mainstream (Core 2 Duo) E6400 ATG: 14.1" Semi-Rugged (Core 2 Duo) E6400 XFR: 14.1" Fully Rugged (Core 2 Duo) E5500: 15.4" Essential (Celeron/Core 2 Duo) E5400: 14.1" Essential (Core 2 Duo) E4300: 13.3" Ultraportable (Core 2 Duo) E4200: 12.1" Ultraportable (Core 2 Duo) Other Models XT3: 13.1" Convertible Touch Tablet & Pen (Core i3/i5/i7) –Release Date: August 2011 XT2: 12.1" Convertible Touch Tablet & Pen (Core2Duo ULV) XT2 XFR: 12.1" Convertible Touch Tablet & Pen –Fully Rugged (Core2Duo ULV) 2100 10.1" Netbook 2110 10.1" Netbook 2120 10.1" Netbook Z 16.0" Thin and Light Latitude D-series The Latitude D-series was introduced in 2003, and discontinued in 2007. The models are the D4x0 (12.1" Ultra Mobile), D5x0 (14.1 or 15.0" standard aspect screen except for D531, plastic case, value model), D6x0 (14.1" Corporate model) and D8x0 (15.4" high-resolution model) most models are based on the Intel Core 2 Duo and the Intel Santa Rosa chipset, with the exception being the D531. Ever since the D420, D620, and D800, the D-series features wide-aspect LCD screens: 12.1", 14.1", and 15.4" respectively. Latitude D6x0 series The Latitude D6x0 series is the 14"/14.1" corporate model. It aims to combine heavy-duty power with reasonable portability, and differs primarily from D8x0 series in screen size. All are two spindle designs, with a "D/bay" modular bay which can interchange optical drives, a second hard drive, a floppy disk, a Zip drive, or a second battery. All models have a smart card socket, PCMCIA socket, 9-pin serial port, a "D-dock" port for a docking station or port replicator, and have an internal socket for an 802.11 wireless card. The D600 and D610 share a common form factor, battery socket, and have a parallel printer port. The D620 and D630 share a common form factor, battery socket, and do not have a parallel printer port. Both have support for an optional internal Bluetooth module, a socket for an optional mobile broadband card, and have an external switch for disabling any wireless connections. Latitude D600 The D600 (and simultaneously introduced D800) was released on 3/12/2003. These were Dell's first laptops in the Latitude D-series, and also Dell's first business-oriented notebooks based on the Pentium-M (first-generation "Banias" or Dothan) chips and running on a 400 MT/s FSB on DDR memory. It had a PATA hard drive and a D-series modular bay, and used an ATI Radeon 9000 GPU. It had a 14" screen, in regular (non-widescreen) form factor. Unlike later D6x0 series machines, both memory sockets were accessible from a single cover on the bottom of the system. Most, if not all Latitude models prior to the Latitude Dx20 series had a near-clone Inspiron, in the case of the D600, it was the Inspiron 600M. Differences include that the 600M does not work with the Dell D-Dock, and the case styling is slightly different. The motherboards, screens, and hard drive caddies are all physically interchangeable. The Latitude D600 used a PA-10/PA-12 charger and came with a DVD drive, 2 x USB, 1 x TV, 1 x network, 1 x parallel, 1 x serial, and 1 monitor output. The hard drive is accessible through a cover on the left-hand front side of the lower case and is secured by 1 screw. After removing the screw, the hard drive can then slide out. Latitude D610 The D610 (released in 2005) was an update of the D600 design; it used a slightly modified D600 chassis and a newer Pentium M chipset ("Sonoma" with 533 MT/s FSB). This chipset was the first Intel mobile chipset to use DDR2 Memory, versus the DDR in the Latitude Dx00 series. For space-saving purposes, instead of having both RAM chips on the bottom of the laptop, one RAM slot was moved to the top of the motherboard which could be accessed by removing the keyboard, whereas the other RAM slot remained in the area it had been located at previously. Unlike the D600 and prior midrange Latitudes (The 6xx series, dating back to the C-series) you had a choice of standard integrated Intel Graphics (GMA 900), or a discrete ATI solution (Radeon X300). Latitude D610 Audio-Out "whining" Some Dell Latitude D610 units with a dedicated ATI X300 graphics card seem to have problems with the audio-out jack. Symptoms of this problem include a noise or whine when an audio device is connected to the audio-out jack. Up to this date Dell does not have a clear solution to this problem. Latitude D620 In March 2006, Dell introduced the D620 (and the D820), its first business-oriented notebook with a dual-core processor available. The D620 marked the transition from strictly 32-bit processing to opening-up the potential to run 64-bit operating systems and applications. Initially available with the interim "Yonah" Core Duo (x86 32-bit) processors, it was later sold with the first-generation mobile "Merom" Core 2 (x86-64 64-bit) processor once those became available from Intel in the Fall of 2006; both run on a 667MT/s bus. So depending on the installed processor, a D620 can run x86-64 64-bit software. The D620 used a Socket-M for its motherboard and its CPU is possible to be upgraded. It was initially sold with Intel integrated graphics, but an option to upgrade to a discrete Nvidia GPU became available after a few months. It replaced the raised pointing stick with a "low profile" model and introduced the option of 4-cell and 9-cell batteries in addition to the standard 6-cell model. It uses DDR2 memory and is compatible with both PC2-4200 (533 MHz) and PC2-5300 (667 MHz) memory. Although the D620 accepts a maximum of 4 GB of physical memory, it cannot be used fully, because of the 32-bit physical addressing limitation of the 945 Core 2 mobile chipsets [Intel-945GM/PM-chipset], (not related to the BIOS or the use of a 32-bit or 64-bit OS), restricts the usable memory by the operating system to 3.5 GB, or 3.3 GB with onboard video (memory is shared). The D620 has one mono speaker located in the base below the touchpad. It has no option to expand to stereo without using external speakers or headphones. There was no near-clone Inspiron model for the D620. Latitude D630 Released in 2007, the D630 is an update of the D620 design. It differed most significantly in being based on the newer "Santa Rosa" (GM/PM965) mobile chipset which supported the 800MT/s models of the mobile Core 2 Duo (both the Merom 7xx0 series and later the Penryn-based 8x00/9x00 series). It also had newer versions of the graphics processor options, support for Intel's "Turbo Memory" flash cache (although this uses the same card slot as the mobile broadband card), and support for internal Wireless-N. It also added a 4-pin Firewire IEEE1394 port. It uses DDR2 memory and is compatible with PC2-5300 (667 MHz) and PC2-6400 (800 MHz) memory. The D630 unofficially will accept a maximum of 8 GB of physical memory, however, a BIOS update is required. Unlike the D830, the D630 only has one speaker. Latitude D620/D630 problems All early D620 models were known for faulty LCD screens. The early models suffered from light bleeding, where a black screen would show light bleeding in from the bottom of the screen. This wasn't fixed until almost a year into production. In addition, some D630 screens are known for having bad LCD pixels. They also have overheating issues: the D620/D630 and D820/D830 were available with an Intel integrated GMA or Nvidia graphics chip. The optional Nvidia graphics on this series of laptops are to be avoided due to overheating issues where the GPU would develop cracks in the solder. This was mostly due to temperature fluctuation but the graphics chips also ran much hotter than they were meant to. The failure manifests itself by stripes or "artifacts" on the LCD and also an external screen or by the total absence of an image. Even the D830 series, despite having more room for cooling the chip, suffered from the same issue. Most Nvidia models will eventually suffer from failure of the graphics chip due to the switch to lead-free solder and "underfill" of the BGA. The computer industry at the time had just switched to lead-free solders without redesigning cooling systems. This in turn led to undesirable heating cycles of the more brittle solder causing micro fractures to quickly form. Dell tried to prolong the lifetime of the Nvidia chips in these models with a BIOS update which causes the fan to run more often and thus reduce the strain from repeated heating/cooling cycles on the graphics chip. NVIDIA was found liable for these failures, causing a multi-million-unit recall, not only of some Dell notebooks, but also some HP, Compaq, and Apple products. Latitude D630c The D630c was a slight variant model of the D630, featuring a "manageable" version of the motherboard chipset unavailable on the standard D630. Unlike the D630, the D630c model laptop could not be ordered with Intel graphics; it shipped only with the Nvidia graphics chip. As a result, all of the Latitude D630c laptops eventually fail. It also could only be ordered with the Intel 4965AGN wireless card; it couldn't be configured with Dell's wireless options or lower end Intel wireless cards. Latitude D631 The Latitude D631 (released in 2007), similar to the D531, was a variant of the Latitude Dx30 series that had AMD processors instead of Intel. However, the D631 is very rare inside the United States due to it not being an option to order on Dell's website. You can find some that originated in the United States, but those were special ordered over the phone. They were sold alongside the D630 as standard equipment in select international countries, but while not being that rare internationally, they didn't sell as many units as the D630 series (and even the D630c series) laptops did. As a result, not much information about specific chipsets, graphics chip options (If there were any), or any other features can be found online for specifying details. Latitude D8x0 series The Latitude D8x0 series is the 15.4" corporate model; unlike the D600 and D610, all feature a widescreen form factor. All are two spindle designs, with a "D-bay" modular bay which can interchange optical drives, a floppy module, a second hard drive, or a second battery. All models have a smart card socket, PCMCIA socket, and 9-pin serial port, a "D-dock" port for docking station or port replicator, and have an internal socket for an 802.11 wireless card. The D800 was Dell's first widescreen Latitude notebook. The D8x0 series models roughly parallel the technology in the D6x0 models other than for screen size; they do not share a battery form factor with the D6x0 series. The D820 and D830 add an ExpressCard socket, not available in the D6x0 series. The D830 is capable of accepting 8 GB of physical memory with updated firmware. The D800 equated to the Precision M60, and the D810 to the Precision M70. They were for all intents and purposes identical except for the graphics card, certification, and in the case of the M70, the lid. The near-clone Inspirons for the D800 and D810 were the Inspiron 8500 and 8600; the D820 and D830 share hardware with Precision models M65 and M4300 respectively. There are even known cases of "mixed-mode" samples of the latter, where the Dell-recorded type according to the service tag and markings differs from the BIOS-reported type with an identical service tag. Both Latitude D820 and D830 have stereo speakers mounted on both sides of the keyboard. Latitude D5x0 series The Latitude D500 series is a set of "entry-level" business models; they are built on a 15" non-widescreen form factor, although models before the D530 were sold with both 14.1" and 15" screens (the 14.1" having a wider bezel.) They are 2-spindle devices (removable optical drive interchangeable with D6xx/D8xx machines), and roughly follow the technical generations (chipset and processor-wise) of the D6x0 and D8x0 series. The D530 was Dell's last non-widescreen Latitude model. The Latitude D531 was also available, being the cheapest Latitude available at the time due to using AMD processors and cutting back on a few features. It was essentially a D830 with, no TrackPoint, no smartcard reader, an option for a 14" screen (If this was chosen it would have a similar wider bezel as on the earlier D5xx series machines), and a AMD-based motherboard. It does keep some premium features from the D830, such as a magnesium chassis, support for a 2nd battery, and a SATA based interface for the hard drive, allowing people to upgrade to a much faster SSD for cheap. DVD Drives, Screen Assemblies (If the laptop was ordered with the 15" screen), RAM, and Hard Drives/Caddies were interchangeable. Latitude D4x0 series The Dell Latitude D4x0 series of ultraportable laptops were first released in 2003 with the D400 and discontinued in 2007 with the D430. In order to make the laptops small and lightweight, some changes were made, such as ultra low voltage (ULV) CPU's, removal of the modular bay, no dedicated graphics, and in later models, 1.8 inch hard drives instead of the industry standard 2.5 inch. While the D8x0, D6x0, and D5x0 models were all introduced simultaneously with each generation, the D4x0 series were generally introduced a couple of months after their counterparts. Also, since they use ULV (ultra-low-voltage) processors and chipsets, and are generally less powerful, the technology does not correspond as closely as it does between other models in each generation — for example, the D420/D430 uses parallel ATA hard drives (1.8") rather than the SATA (2.5") interface in the D520/620/820. In 2008, the D4x0 series was replaced by E4200 and E4300 models. Dell Latitude D400/D410 The D400 was released in 2003 with a ULV Banias Pentium M, Intel 855GM chipset, 128MB of RAM (up to a max of 2GB) and a choice of 20, 30, and 40GB 4,200 RPM hard drives, The D400 had a design that was similar to the D600, including a 4:3 non widescreen 1,024x768 12" display. The computer could be configured with Windows XP Home or Professional, or Windows 2000 Professional. The Dell Latitude D410 was released in 2005. It introduced a new design, newer ULV Dothan Pentium M's, and a Trusted Platform Module (TPM). It shares the rest of its hardware with the D400. Dell Latitude D420/D430 The Dell Latitude D420 was released in 2006 and introduced many new features. Some of them include support for Intel's new Core architecture, 12.1 inch widescreen displays, options for 3G cellular connectivity and a 64GB SSD option. The D420 came with either an Intel Core Solo U1300 ULV 1.06 GHz, Intel Core Duo U2400 ULV 1.06 GHz or Intel Core Duo U2500 ULV 1.2 GHz. Unlike its bigger D620 brother, the D420's CPU was a soldered-in BGA and therefore is not upgradable. The Dell Latitude D420/D430 use 1.8 inch hard drives similar to those used in the Apple iPod Classic. The D430 came out a year later in 2007, and was the last laptop in the D4x0 line. The D430 came with either an Intel Core Solo U1400 ULV 1.2 GHz or Intel Core 2 Duo U7600 1.2 GHz; the U7700 Processor (1.33 GHz) was later made available as an option. The D430 also have soldered-in BGA CPU's and are not upgradable without changing the motherboard. In a 22C° ambient the D430 U7700 processor has been measured to run from 62C° at idle to 85C° under heavy system loads, that is, within 10C° of Intel's max. temperature rating for the processor. D/Bay modules The Dell Latitude D-series laptops support swapping out the optical drive with select modules available from Dell. Available were a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM/CD-RW and a DVD+-RW optical disk drives, along with a 2nd hard drive, 2nd battery, floppy drive and Iomega Zip 250 drive. An external enclosure branded as the D/Bay was available, allowing users to use modules on Latitudes that didn't have internal bays, such as the Latitude D4xx series of ultraportable laptops. The enclosure uses a special type of USB port only available on certain Latitudes(D4x0 series) The Iomega Zip 250 module was released as the successor to the similar module for the Latitude C-series. When the modules came out in 2003, at the start of the D-series lifespan, Iomega was discontinuing the Zip format. As such, this module is very rare, and was only on sale for a few months after it came out. Newer Latitude laptops detect it as a CD-ROM drive within the BIOS, but within an operating system, the zip disks are detected as standard removable drives. NVidia GPU problems Many D620/D630 and D820/D830 models (and related Precision models) with NVidia mobile GPUs may experience graphics failure. A Class Action Lawsuit settlement by NVidia was reached where certain Dell models were provided with replacement motherboards at no expense. Recall affecting D Series batteries Dell posted notices to many of their laptop customers on August 14, 2006, saying that the Sony batteries on the D410, D500, D505, D510, D520, D600/D610, D620, and D800/D810 models were prone to bursting into flames, or even exploding. The batteries on any of these computers purchased between April 2004 and July 18, 2006 were supposed to be removed and the computers run on AC power until replacements arrived. Problematic Sony batteries led to battery recall programs at other laptop companies, including Hitachi, Toshiba, Lenovo (IBM) and Apple. Latitude C series The Latitude C-series notebooks covered the range of processors from the Pentium 166 MHz to the Pentium 4-M. Models in this series included the CP (Pentium processors), CPi (Pentium II processors), CPx, C600 and C800 (Mobile Pentium III processors), CPt, C500 and C510 (Celeron processors), C400, C610 and C810 (Pentium 3-M processors) and C640 and C840 (Mobile Pentium 4-M). C series laptops were notable for their consistent and interchangeable accessories across this wide range of processors. The series was one of the first to offer the UXGA 1600x1200 resolution display and included a NVidia GeForce MX400 32 MB video accelerator to complement the display requirements. A robust design made it a favorite in harsher climates; however, this design lacked the visual appeal of many of its competitors. The most popular of the C-series included the C800, C810, C840, and later the C640. The later C-series models mostly had near clones sold as the Inspiron 4000 and 8000 series: C840 cloned as the Inspiron 8200 and Precision M50 C810 cloned as the Inspiron 8100 and Precision M40 C800 cloned as the Inspiron 8000 C640 cloned as the Inspiron 4150 and as the Inspiron 2650 C610 cloned as the Inspiron 4100 C600 cloned as the Inspiron 4000 CPxJ cloned as the Inspiron 3800 CPxH cloned as the Inspiron 3700 An interesting note on the C840 is that it was the last Dell notebook (along with its sister models the Inspiron 8200 and Precision M50) to have both a "fixed" optical drive as well as a modular bay, making it a "three-spindle" notebook. The modular bay could also be used for a second battery identical to the primary battery rather than a special modular bay battery. It used a Pentium 4-M processor and DDR SDRAM. The Dell C840 can support up to one gigabyte of RAM in each of two slots, for a total of two gigabytes in all. The GPU can also be upgraded on the C840/M50/i8200, from a GeForce2 Go to the Quadro4 Go 700 from the Precision M50. Rugged models The Latitude ATG was a semi-rugged version of the D620, and was Dell's only semi-rugged offering, while their fully rugged offering originally consisted of the Augmentix XTG630, a D630 in a fully rugged case, and later the D630 XFR. The ATG as well as the XFR have a protective glass glued on top of the screen that often has glue leaking onto the display causing air bubbles to form. Latitude XT series The Latitude XT was a touch-screen convertible-tablet computer series. Latitude XT In July 2008, Dell released multi-touch touch-screen drivers for the Latitude XT Tablet, claiming the "industry's first convertible tablet with multi-touch capabilities."[11] Dell has partnered with N-trig, providers of DuoSense technology, combining pen, capacitive touch and multi-touch in a single device. N-trig's DuoSense dual-mode digitizer uses both pen and zero-pressure capacitive touch to provide a true hands-on computing experience for mobile computers and other digital input products over a single device. Latitude XT problems A large number of user reports suggest that the Dell Latitude XT suffers from a major problem. The N-Trig digitizer interfaces to the XT by an internal USB port. Users report that any other USB device which is plugged in may, and usually does, prevent the N-Trig applet (program which controls the features) from identifying the N-Trig hardware. In addition, there have been reports that certain other drivers, such as iTunes Helper, may cause this or a similar problem. Other users report no problems from iTunes. According to the reports, this still leaves the dual sense but without Multi-Touch and other advanced features, "which render the auto and dual mode useless. The digitizer will only start working again after consecutive reboots." There have also been reports that the driver may crash, catastrophically or non-catastrophically, leaving no screen input at all. A re-boot may solve the problem, but often users found that the driver installation is damaged, requiring a re-installation of the drivers. But the install program will not un-install if it doesn't recognize the N-Trig hardware. In this case, the alternatives are (1) restore the entire operating system from backup, (2) manually un-install by erasing all N-Trig programs and drivers then editing the registry to remove all references to N-Trig, then re-install the N-Trig software, or (3) do a complete re-install of Windows. These problems have been reported both with XP and Vista, 32 and 64 bit. In addition, Dell sells a MediaBase with an internal DVD drive. The drive also interfaces by way of a USB connection inside the MediaBase. Most, but not all, users of the MediaBase report that it prevents the drivers from loading. Latitude XT2 Latitude XT3 2012's 13.3"model. Technical specifications The majority of Latitude laptops are built to order. Operating System: Windows, FreeDOS, or Ubuntu for some models. Processor package Audio codec 3xxx, 5xxx, 7xxx, 9xxx Series (2017-current) E-Family (2007-2017) D-Family (2003-2007) X-Family (2002-2011) V-Family (2000-2002) C-Family (1999-2002) All screens have a TN active-LCD matrix and a CCFL backlit. L-Family (1999-2006) All screens have a TN active-LCD matrix and a CCFL-backlit. CS-Family (1998-1999) CP-Family (1997-1999) XP-Family (1994-1998) Latitude XP noticed as a first laptop with an optional Lithium-ion battery. For XPi and earlier models BIOS limited to an 8.4gb or smaller hard drive. XPi CD is a last mass-market laptop with a optical trackball. History Announcements: E-Family 2012: 21 May: E6230, E6330, E6430, E6430s, E6530, E5430, E5440, E5510,E5530, E6430 ATG 2011: 8 Feb: E5420, E5520, E6220, E6320, E6420, E6520, E6420 ATG laptops and XT3 convertible tablet 2010: 8 April: E6410, E6510, E6410 ATG 2008: 12 August: E-Family (E4200, E4300, E5400,E6500 E5500, E6400, E6400 ATG) D-Family 2007: 28 June: D430; 9 May: D630, D830, D531; 16 January: ATG D620 announced 2006: 20 June: D420; 2 May: D520; 29 March: D620, D820 announced 2005: 26 April: D510; 1 February: D410, D610 and D810 announced 2004: 12 January: D505 announced 2003: 19 May: D400; 10 April: D500; 12 March: D-family (D600, D800) announced C-Family 2002: 11 July: C640 announced 2001: 12 November: C400 announced 2000: 25 September: C600, C800 announced 1999: 25 October: CPx H500GT and CPt V466GT announced(Some of the earlier Dell laptops lacked a built-in Ethernet network adapter well into the Internet age, CPx H500GT was one such model); 23 August: CS-line (R400XT);14 June: CPi R400GT, CPi A400XT, and CPi A366ST; 4 May: CPt-line; 5 January: CPi A366XT and A300ST announced CPi D266XT (BIOS Ph 7/30/98-2001): PII-266, 512 KB cache, Intel i440BX; 13.3 1024×768 TFT; 256 MB max, 2 EDO SoDIMM slots; 4 - 20+ GB, two PCMCIA, two modular bays, PS/2, VGA, parallel, USB 1.1, audio in/out. Windows 98. 1997: C-family announced (with CP-line) XPi-Family 1996: Latitude XPi P133ST (NeoMagic NM2070 video chipset, 24MB of memory (8MB soldered), 1.2 GB hard disk, PCMCIA modem card, 10.2" SVGA (800x600) TFT display, Windows 95 with possibility to partition and install Linux, Desktop Survival Guide) Ultraportable 2007: 28 June: D430 announced 2005: 30 March: X1 announced 2003: 29 July: X300 announced 2002: 6 May: X200 announced 2000 4 October: LS H500ST announced Value 2006: 6 November: 131L;23 March: 120L announced 2005: 8 March: 110L announced 2004: 13 April: 100L announced The Latitude 100L is a near-clone of the Inspiron 1150 and is also closely related to the 1100,5100,and 5150. The Latitude 110L is a near-clone of the Inspiron 1000. Repairability The Dell Latitude E5270 (2017) scored a perfect 10 on iFixit. It is unclear whether other Latitude laptop's have a similar form factor and are equivalently modular. See also Lenovo ThinkPad HP EliteBook and Zbook Dell Latitude, Precision and XPS Fujitsu Lifebook and Celsius Toshiba Tecra References External links Dell USA Medium & Large Business, Latitude Notebooks Latitude Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 1994

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad 380 The IBM ThinkPad 380 was a notebook computer series released May 13, 1997 by IBM as part of their ThinkPad laptop series. Notable for incorporating a CD-ROM and a floppy drive, it was considered a mid-range laptop by IBM at the time, and sold well. The series was the successor to the IBM ThinkPad 365, and prices started at $2,199 upon release. History Features The 380 shipped with Windows 95, but they were capable of running Windows 3.11, Windows NT, OS/2 Warp, Windows 98, Windows Me, Red Hat Linux, as well as various other Linux distributions. Originally, there were two models; the base ThinkPad 380 and the ThinkPad 380D, which was equipped with a CD-ROM drive. The 380 came with an Intel Pentium processor running at 150 MHz with or without the optional MMX feature. With only 16 MB of base RAM included and a base hard drive only 1.08 GB in size, Windows 3.11 was a better operating system choice for the base model; however, with 32 MB installed it could run Windows 95 properly. Models & Features IBM ThinkPad 380E — The 380E model introduced several additional features, along with more optional features available. Along with the 16 MB soldered onto the motherboard (a feature carried over from the original 380 model), a single slot accessible through an external cover on the bottom of the case could hold a memory card up to 64 MB in size, allowing a maximum of 80 MB to be installed. Other features included: an internal 56k modem option, and a choice between the base 150 MHz processor or a modestly improved 166 MHz processor, both of which now integrated MMX from Intel as a standard feature. IBM ThinkPad 380ED — The 380ED model was virtually identical to the 380E, but with the 166 MHz processor standard, a increase in weight, an optional 2.5-hour battery along with the model standard two-hour version, and a gradual increase in hard drive size from 2.1 to 3.2 GB, and then to 5.1 GB (which became optional for the older models). IBM ThinkPad 380XD — The 380XD model introduced the 233 MHz Pentium processor with MMX, and included 32 MB on the motherboard instead of 16 MB, increasing the memory limit to 96 MB (it unofficially supports up to 160 MB with the use of a 128 MB EDO 144-pin SODIMM). It introduced features such as a USB port, the ability for the customer to replace the hard drive (something that was usually only doable by the factory in the older models), hard drive options from the base 3.2 GB drive to 4 GB or 6.4 GB, the latter of which available only to the 380XD and 380Z (at least from the factory), and an optional 266 MHz processor upgrade. IBM ThinkPad 380Z — The 380Z was the last model of the 380 series to be produced. It introduced the optional 300 MHz Pentium II mobile processor into the line, and included advanced features such as a S.M.A.R.T. hard drive, a larger TFT LCD screen with a maximum resolution of 1024x768 (compared to the , 800x600 maximum on the older models), ACPI support, the integration of higher-quality speakers with the addition of an internal sub-woofer, and its own port replicator that would only work with the 380Z. All the models—apart from the base 380—could run versions of Windows up to and including Windows XP. For Windows XP to run smoothly, however, they would need to be configured with at least 64 MB of RAM and a 2.0 GB hard drive or larger. Reception Clint Basinger from Lazy Game Reviews has published an unboxing and review of the ThinkPad 380ED in 2021. Comparison References External links ThinkPad 380 recovery CD IBM ThinkPad 380XD ThinkPad 380 380

laptop Form Factor and Weight

List of laptop brands and manufacturers This is a list of laptop brands and manufacturers. Manufacturers Major brands Other brands No longer manufacturing computers Defunct brands Original design manufacturers (ODMs) The vast majority of laptops on the market are manufactured by a small handful of Taiwan-based original design manufacturers (ODM), although their production bases are located mostly in mainland China. Quanta Computer pioneered the contract manufacturing of laptops in 1988. By 1990, Taiwanese companies manufactured 11% of the world's laptops. That percentage grew to 32% in 1996, 50% in 2000, 80% in 2007 and 94% in 2011. The Taiwanese ODMs have since lost some market share to Chinese ODMs, but still manufactured 82.3% of the world's laptops in Q2 of 2019, according to IDC. Major relationships include: Quanta sells to (among others) HP, Lenovo, Apple, Acer, Dell, NEC, and Fujitsu Compal sells to (among others) Acer, Dell, Lenovo and HP Wistron (former manufacturing & design division of Acer) sells to Dell, Acer, Lenovo and HP Inventec sells to HP, Dell and Lenovo; Pegatron (in 2010, Asus spun off Pegatron) sells to Asus, Apple, Dell, Acer and Microsoft Foxconn sells to Asus, Dell, HP and Apple Flextronics (former Arima Computer Corporation notebook division) sells to HP Clevo sells to different laptop manufacturers like Digital Storm, Eluktronics, Eurocom, Metabox, Sager, Schenker, XMG, etc. ODM laptop units sold and market shares There is a discrepancy between the 2009 numbers due to the various sources cited; i.e. the units sold by all ODMs add up to 144.3 million laptops, which is much more than the given total of 125 million laptops. The market share percentages currently refer to those 144.3 million total. Sources may indicate hard drive deliveries to the ODM instead of actual laptop sales, though the two numbers may be closely correlated. See also List of computer hardware manufacturers List of computer system manufacturers Market share of personal computer vendors References Laptops laptop Lists of consumer electronics manufacturers Laptop

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad 600 The IBM ThinkPad 600 series was a series of notebook computers introduced in 1998 by IBM as the immediate predecessor to the T-series which still exists today under Lenovo ownership. Three models were produced, the 600, 600E, and 600X; the series was succeeded in 2000 by the ThinkPad T20 series. Features The 600 series was designed to be a more portable version of the 770 series, featuring slimmer dimensions and a weight of around 5 pounds (2.3 kg), by using lightweight but strong carbon fiber composite plastics. The 600 series also introduced the new UltraSlimBay (not to be confused with the UltraBay Slim as found on the later T40/T60 series), as well as easily interchangeable RAM and hard drives; all 600 series machines shipped with 32 or 64MB of RAM integrated on the motherboard from the factory. The 600 series originally shipped with either Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0, with later models shipping with Windows 98 or Windows 2000; all 600 models could also run Windows 3.x, OS/2 Warp 4, Windows Me, or Windows XP as well as various Linux distributions. None of the 600 series models included wireless adapters or Ethernet ports as an option, but these could be added through a third-party PCMCIA/CardBus card. One common problem of the 600 series was a battery defect, where the battery would discharge rapidly or otherwise have a poor battery life; use of a third-party battery as well as a BIOS update can help alleviate this problem. Models ThinkPad 600 - First model shipped, featured either a Pentium MMX at 233 MHz or a Pentium II at 233, 266 or 300 MHz. This model had the option of either a 12.1" SVGA TFT display, a 13.0" XGA HPA display, or a 13.3" XGA TFT display, and shipped with an external floppy drive, a built-in CD-ROM drive, and a choice of a 3.2 GB, 4.0 GB, or a 5.1 GB hard drive. The 600 also had infrared, USB 1.0, and a modem as standard features, and shipped with either 32 MB or 64 MB of RAM (upgradeable to 288 MB/320 MB using PC66 SODIMMs) ThinkPad 600E - Featuring a Pentium II processor at either 300 MHz, 366 MHz, or 400 MHz, all models of the 600E featured at 13.3" XGA TFT display as standard. This model shipped with an external floppy drive, built-in CD-ROM, either a 4.0 GB, 6.4 GB or 10GB hard drive, and 32 MB or 64 MB of RAM on the motherboard (upgradeable to 288 MB/320 MB/512 MB using PC66 SODIMMs). The 600E also was the first of the 600 series to offer a DVD-ROM drive as an option, as well as a TV output port (using a special dongle that was supplied to provide composite and S-Video ports). ThinkPad 600X - The final model of the 600 series, featuring a Pentium III at either 450 MHz, 500 MHz, or 650 MHz (with SpeedStep technology) and a 13.3" XGA TFT display as standard. This model shipped with a 6 GB or 12 GB hard drive, a Mini-PCI Modem, either a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, and 64 MB of RAM on the motherboard (upgradeable to 512MB using PC100 SODIMMs). Comparison References ThinkPad 600 600

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Huawei Mediapad M5 Huawei Mediapad M5 is a series of tablets designed and marketed by Huawei, with two model/sizes: the 10.8 inch Pro model and 8.4 inch smaller models, each came with wifi version and wifi+LTE version. For the larger variant, Huawei also includes a desktop mode which allows the user to switch the mobile interface to traditional desktop interface, by pairing with a keyboard accessory that allows it to work like a laptops. The Huawei Mediapad M5 is a compact, high-performance Android tablet released to the market in 2018, filling the market gap after Sony's exit from the tablet market. In 2020, the next M6 model was released based on the 7nm Kirin-980. References Android (operating system) devices Mobile phones introduced in 2018 Huawei mobile phones Tablet computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

MacBook Air The MacBook Air is a line of notebook computers developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. It consists of a full-size keyboard, a machined aluminum case, and, in the more modern versions, a thin light structure. The Air was originally positioned above the previous MacBook line as a premium ultraportable. Since then, the original MacBook's discontinuation in 2011, and lowered prices on subsequent iterations, have made the Air Apple's entry-level notebook. In the current product line, the MacBook Air is situated below the performance range MacBook Pro. The Intel-based MacBook Air was introduced in January 2008 with a 13.3-inch screen, and was promoted as the world's thinnest notebook, opening a laptop category known as the ultrabook family. Apple released a second-generation MacBook Air in October 2010, with a redesigned tapered chassis, standard solid-state storage, and added a smaller 11.6-inch version. Later revisions added Intel Core i5 or i7 processors and Thunderbolt. The third generation was released in October 2018, with reduced dimensions, a Retina display, and combination USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 ports for data and power. An updated model was released in February 2020 with the Magic Keyboard and an option for an Intel Core i7 processor. In November 2020, Apple released the first MacBook Air with Apple silicon based on the Apple M1 processor. Intel-based First generation (Unibody) Steve Jobs introduced the MacBook Air during Apple’s keynote address at the 2008 Macworld conference on January 15, 2008. The first generation MacBook Air was a 13.3" model, initially promoted as the world's thinnest notebook at 1.9 cm (a previous record holder, 2005's Toshiba Portege R200, was 1.98 cm high). It featured a custom Intel Merom CPU and Intel GMA GPU which were 40% as big as the standard chip package. It also featured an anti-glare LED backlit display, a full-size keyboard, and a large trackpad that responded to multi-touch gestures such as pinching, swiping, and rotating. The MacBook Air was the first subcompact notebook offered by Apple after the 12" PowerBook G4 discontinued in 2006. It was also Apple's first computer with an optional solid-state drive. It was Apple's first notebook since the PowerBook 2400c without a built-in removable media drive. To read optical disks, users could either purchase an external USB drive such as Apple's SuperDrive or use the bundled Remote Disc software to access the drive of another computer wirelessly that has the program installed. The MacBook Air also did without a FireWire port, Ethernet port, line-in, and a Kensington Security Slot. On October 14, 2008, a new model was announced with a low-voltage Penryn processor and Nvidia GeForce graphics. Storage capacity was increased to a 128 GB SSD or a 120 GB HDD, and the micro-DVI video port was replaced by the Mini DisplayPort. A mid-2009 version featured slightly higher battery capacity and a faster Penryn CPU. Second generation (Tapered Unibody) , Apple released a redesigned 13.3-inch model with a tapered enclosure, higher screen resolution, improved battery, a second USB port, stereo speakers, and standard solid state storage. An 11.6-inch model was introduced, offering reduced cost, weight, battery life, and performance relative to the 13.3-inch model, but better performance than typical netbooks of the time. Both 11-inch and 13-inch models had an analog audio output/headphone minijack supporting Apple earbuds with a microphone. The 13-inch model received a SDXC-capable SD Card slot. On July 20, 2011, Apple released updated models, which also became Apple's entry-level notebooks due to lowered prices and the discontinuation of the white MacBook around the same time. The mid-2011 models were upgraded with Sandy Bridge dual-core Intel Core i5 and i7 processors, Intel HD Graphics 3000, backlit keyboards, Thunderbolt, and Bluetooth was upgraded to v4.0. Maximum storage options were increased up to 256 GB. This revision also replaced the Expose (F3) key with a Mission Control key, and the Dashboard (F4) key with a Launchpad key. On June 11, 2012, Apple updated the line with Intel Ivy Bridge dual-core Core i5 and i7 processors, HD Graphics 4000, faster memory and flash storage speeds, USB 3.0, an upgraded 720p FaceTime camera, and a thinner MagSafe 2 charging port. On June 10, 2013, Apple updated the line with Haswell processors, Intel HD Graphics 5000, and 802.11ac Wi-Fi. The standard memory was upgraded to 4 GB, with a maximum configuration of 8 GB. Storage started at 128 GB SSD, with options for 256 GB and 512 GB. The Haswell considerably improved battery life from the previous generation, and the models are capable of 9 hours on the 11-inch model and 12 hours on the 13-inch model; a team of reviewers exceeded expected battery life ratings during their test. In March 2015, the models were refreshed with Broadwell processors, Intel HD Graphics 6000, Thunderbolt 2, and faster storage and memory. In 2017 the 13-inch model received a processor speed increase from 1.6 GHz to 1.8 GHz and the 11-inch model was discontinued. The 2017 model remained available for sale after Apple launched the next generation in 2018. It was discontinued in July 2019. Before its discontinuation it was Apple's last notebook with USB Type-A ports, a non-Retina display, and a backlit rear Apple logo. Third generation (Retina) Apple released the third generation MacBook Air, with Amber Lake processors, a 13.3-inch Retina display with a resolution of 2560×1600 pixels, Touch ID, and two combination USB-C 3.1 gen 2/Thunderbolt 3 ports plus one audio jack. The screen displays 48% more color and the bezels are 50% narrower than the previous generation, and occupies 17% less volume. Thickness was reduced to 15.6mm and weight to 1.25 kg (2.75 pounds). It was available in three finishes, silver, space gray, and gold. Unlike the previous generation, this model couldn't be configured with an Intel Core i7 processor, possibly because Intel never released the i7-8510Y CPU that would have been used. The base 2018 model came with 8 GB of 2133 MHz LPDDR3 RAM, 128 GB SSD, Intel Core i5 processor (1.6 GHz base clock, with Turbo up to 3.6 GHz) with Intel UHD Graphics 617. Apple released updated models in July 2019 with True Tone display technology and an updated butterfly keyboard using the same components as the mid-2019 MacBook Pro. A test found that the 256 GB SSD in the 2019 model has a 35% lower read speed than the 256 GB SSD in the 2018 model, though the write speed is slightly faster. Updated models were released in March 2020 with Ice Lake Intel Core i3, i5 and i7 processors, updated graphics, support for 6K output to run the Pro Display XDR and other 6k monitors, and replaced the butterfly keyboard with a Magic Keyboard design similar to that initially found in the 2019 16-inch MacBook Pro. Apple silicon On November 10, 2020, Apple announced an updated Retina MacBook Air with an Apple-designed M1 processor, launched alongside an updated Mac Mini and 13-inch MacBook Pro as the first Macs with Apple's new line of custom ARM-based Apple silicon processors. The device uses a fanless design, first ever on a MacBook Air. It also adds support for Wi-Fi 6, USB4 / Thunderbolt 3 and Wide color (P3). The M1 MacBook Air can only run one external display, unlike the previous Intel-based model that was capable of running two 4K displays. The FaceTime camera remains 720p but Apple advertises an improved image signal processor for higher quality video. Supported operating systems Supported macOS releases macOS Monterey, the current release of macOS, will work with Wi-Fi and graphics acceleration on unsupported MacBook Air computers with a compatible patch utility. Boot Camp–supported Windows versions (Intel models only) Note: There is no Boot Camp support for Apple silicon models. See also Comparison of Macintosh models MacBook (12-inch) MacBook family Notes References External links – official site MacBook Computer-related introductions in 2008 Products introduced in 2008 X86 Macintosh computers ARM Macintosh computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Chromebook A Chromebook (sometimes stylized in lowercase as chromebook) is a laptop or tablet running the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system. Initially designed to heavily rely on web applications for tasks using the Google Chrome browser, Chromebooks have since expanded to be able to run Android and full-fledged Linux apps since 2017 and 2018, respectively. All supported apps can be installed and launched alongside each other. Chromebooks can work offline; applications like Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Keep, and Google Drive synchronize data when reconnecting to the Internet. Google Play video content is available offline using the Google Play Movies & TV extension with the Chrome browser. The first Chromebooks shipped on June 15, 2011. Other form factors include Chromebox desktops, an all-in-one" called a Chromebase, a stick PC called a Chromebit and Chromebook tablets. In 2020, Chromebooks outsold Apple Macs for the first time by taking market share from laptops running Microsoft Windows. History The first Chromebooks for sale, by Acer Inc. and Samsung, were announced at the Google I/O conference in May 2011, and began shipping on June 15, 2011. Lenovo, Hewlett Packard and Google itself entered the market in early 2013. In December 2013, Samsung launched a Samsung Chromebook specifically for the Indian market that employed the company's Exynos 5 Dual core processor. Critical reaction to the device was initially skeptical, with some reviewers, such as then New York Times technology columnist David Pogue, unfavorably comparing the value proposition of Chromebooks with that of more fully featured laptops running the Microsoft Windows operating system. That complaint dissipated later in reviews of machines from Acer and Samsung that were priced lower. In February 2013, Google announced and began shipping the Chromebook Pixel, a higher-spec machine with a high-end retail price. In January 2015, Acer announced the first big screen Chromebook, the Acer Chromebook 15 with an FHD 15.6-inch display. By March 2018 Chromebooks made up 60% of computers purchased by schools in the United States. In October 2012, Simon Phipps, writing in InfoWorld, said, "The Chromebook line is probably the most successful Linux desktop/laptop computer we've seen to date". Non-laptop models Besides laptops, there are several other types of devices that run Chrome OS. There are three other desktops styles: Chromebox, which is a small form-factor PC first introduced by Samsung in May 2012. Chromebase, an "all-in-one" desktop PC was introduced by LG Electronics in January 2014. Chromebits, also known as stick PCs were introduced by Asus in April 2015. However updates to Chromebits were discontinued on November 2020. Chromebook tablets were introduced in March 2018 by Acer, the Chromebook Tab 10. The device was expected to compete with a lower-priced Apple iPad tablet in the education market. The Tab 10's display—9.7-inch, 2048 x 1536 resolution—was the same as the iPad's. The device included a stylus. Neither device included a keyboard. Integration with Android In May 2016, Google announced it would make Android apps available on Chromebooks via the Google Play application distribution platform. At the time, Google Play access was scheduled for the ASUS Chromebook Flip, the Acer Chromebook R 11 and the most recent Chromebook Pixel, with other Chromebooks slated over time. Partnering with Google, Samsung released the Chromebook Plus and Chromebook Pro in early 2017, the first Chromebooks to come with the Play Store pre-installed. A February 2017 review in The Verge reported that the Plus with its ARM processor handled Android apps "much better" than the Intel-based Pro, but said that "Android apps on Chrome OS are still in beta" and are "very much [an] unfinished experience." The number of Chrome OS systems supporting Android apps in either the stable or beta channel is increasing. Integration with Linux In May 2018, Google announced it would make Linux desktop apps available on Chromebooks via a Virtual Machine code-named "Crostini", which exited beta in 2021. Google maintains a list of devices that were launched before 2019, which support Linux apps. Design Initial hardware partners for Chromebook development included Acer, Adobe, Asus, Freescale, Hewlett-Packard (later HP Inc.), Lenovo, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Toshiba, Intel, Samsung, and Dell. Chromebooks ship with Google Chrome OS, an operating system that uses the Linux kernel and the Google Chrome web-browser with an integrated media-player. Enabling developer mode allows the installation of Linux distributions on Chromebooks. Crouton is a script that allows the installation of Linux distributions from Chrome OS, and running both operating systems simultaneously. Some Chromebooks include SeaBIOS, which can be turned on to install and boot Linux distributions directly. With limited offline capability and a fast boot-time, Chromebooks are primarily designed for use while connected to the Internet and signed in to a Google account. Instead of installing traditional applications such as word processing and instant messaging, users add web apps from the Chrome Web Store. Google claims that a multi-layer security architecture eliminates the need for anti-virus software. Support for many Bluetooth and USB devices such as cameras, mice, external keyboards and flash drives is included, utilizing a feature similar to plug-and-play on other operating systems. All Chromebooks, except the first three, boot with the help of Coreboot, a fast-booting BIOS. Sales and marketing The first two commercially available Chromebooks, the Samsung Series 5 and the Acer AC700, were unveiled on May 11, 2011, at the Google I/O developer conference. They were to begin selling through online channels, including Amazon and Best Buy in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain starting June 15, 2011; however, Acer's AC700 was not available until early July. The first machines sold for between $349 and $499, depending on the model and 3G option. Google also offered a monthly payment scheme for business and education customers at $28 and $20 per user, per month, respectively for a three-year contract, including replacements and upgrades. Verizon offers models equipped with 3G/4G LTE connectivity 100–200 MB of free wireless data per month, for two years. Google's early marketing efforts relied primarily on hands-on experience: giving away Samsung machines to 10 Cr-48 pilot program participants along with the title Chromebook Guru and lending Chromebooks to passengers on some Virgin America flights. At the end of September 2011, Google launched the Chrome Zone, a "store within a store", inside the Currys and PC World superstore in London. The store had a Google-style look and feel with splashes of color all around the retail store front. The concept was later changed to a broader in-store Google shop, which has not expanded beyond the PC World on Tottenham Court Road. In addition to these marketing strategies, Google Chrome has created several "Chromebook minis" that demonstrate the ease of use and simplicity of the devices in a comical manner. For example, when the question "How do you back up a Chromebook" is asked, it is implied to refer to data backup, but instead, shows two hands pushing a Chromebook back to the end of a table. This is followed by the statement, "You don't have to back up a Chromebook," showing how all data is stored on the web. In an article published on ZDNet in June 2011, entitled "Five Chromebook concerns for businesses", Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols faulted the devices for lack of virtual private network capability, not supporting some Wi-Fi security methods, in particular Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) Enterprise with Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) or Cisco's Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP). He also noted that its file manager does not work, the need to use the undocumented crosh shell to accomplish basic tasks such as setting up a secure shell (SSH) network connection as well as serious deficiencies in documentation. In one of the first customer reviews, the City of Orlando, Florida, reported on their initial testing of 600 Chromebooks as part of a broader study related to accessing virtual desktops. Early indications show potential value in reducing IT support costs. End users have indicated that the Chromebook is easy to travel with and starts up quickly. One stated that "If I just need to stay connected for emergencies, I take my Chrome," but when traveling for business she would still take her laptop. Orlando does plan to continue to use the Chromebooks. On November 21, 2011, Google announced price reductions on all Chromebooks. Since then, the Wi-Fi-only Samsung Series 5 was reduced to $349, the 3G Samsung Series 5 was reduced to $449, and the Acer AC700 was reduced to $299. The updated Series 5 550 and the Chromebox, the first Chrome OS desktop machines, were released by Samsung in May 2012. While the two lowest cost Chromebooks emerged later in the fall: the $249 Samsung Series 3 and the $199 Acer C7. The following February, Google introduced the most costly machine, their Chromebook Pixel, with a starting price of $1299. All models released after May 2012, include 100 GB–1.09 TB of Google Drive cloud storage and 12 GoGo WiFi passes. By January 2013, Acer's Chromebook sales were being driven by "heavy Internet users with educational institutions", and the platform represented 5–10 percent of the company's US shipments, according to Acer president Jim Wong. He called those numbers sustainable, contrasting them with low Windows 8 sales which he blamed for a slump in the market. Wong said that the company would consider marketing Chromebooks to other developed countries, as well as to corporations. He noted that although Chrome OS is free to license for hardware vendors, it has required greater marketing expenditure than Windows, offsetting the licensing savings. During the first 11 months of 2013, 1.76 million Chromebooks sold in the United States, representing 21% of the US commercial business-to-business laptop market. During the same period in 2012, Chromebooks sold 400,000 units and had a negligible market share. In January 2015, Silviu Stahie noted in Softpedia that Chromebooks were eating into Microsoft's market share. He said "Microsoft is engaged in a silent war and it's actually losing. They are fighting an enemy that is so insidious and so cunning that it's actually hurting the company more than anything else. The enemy is called Chromebooks and they are using Linux...There is no sign that things are slowing down and Microsoft really needs a win, and soon if it wants to remain relevant." In 2015, Chromebooks, by sales volume (to companies in the US), are second after Windows based devices (with Android tablets, overtaking Apple's devices in 2014): "Chromebook sales through the U.S. B2B channels increased 43 percent during the first half of 2015, helping to keep overall B2B PC and tablet sales from falling. [..] Sales of Google OS-equipped (Android and Chrome) devices saw a 29 percent increase over 2014 propelled by Chromebook sales, while Apple devices declined 12 percent and Windows devices fell 8 percent." As of 4 March 2020, Lenovo 100E was the cheapest Chromebook in the world. Education market The education market has been the Chromebooks' most notable success, competing on the low cost of the hardware, software and upkeep. The simplicity of the machines, which could be a drawback in other markets, has proven an advantage to school districts by reducing training and maintenance costs. By January 2012, even while commercial sales were flat, Google placed nearly 27,000 Chromebooks in schools across 41 states in the US, including "one-on-one" programs, which allocate a computer for every student in South Carolina, Illinois, and Iowa. As of August 2012, over 500 school districts in the United States and Europe were using the device. In 2016, Chromebooks represented 58 percent of the 2.6 million mobile devices purchased by U.S. schools and about 64 percent of that market outside the U.S. By contrast, sales of Apple tablets and laptops to U.S. schools dropped that year to 19 percent, compared with 52 percent in 2012. Helping spur Chromebook sales is Google Classroom, an app designed for teachers in 2014, that serves as a hub for classroom activities including attendance, classroom discussions, homework and communication with students and parents. There have, however, been concerns about privacy within the context of the education market for Chromebooks. Officials at schools issuing Chromebooks for students have affirmed that students have no right to privacy when using school-issued Chromebooks, even at home, and that all online and offline activity can be monitored by the school using third-party software pre-installed on the laptops. Further, the Electronic Frontier Foundation has complained that Google itself is violating the privacy of students by enabling the synchronization function within Google Chrome ("Chrome Sync") by default, allowing web browsing histories and other data of students – including those under-13 – to be stored on Google servers and potentially used for purposes other than authorized educational purposes. A point of contention has been the fact that users of school-issued Chromebooks cannot change these settings themselves as a measure to protect their privacy; only the administrator who issued the laptops can change them. The EFF claims that this violates a Student Privacy Pledge already signed by Google in 2014. EFF staff attorney Nate Cardozo stated: "Minors shouldn't be tracked or used as guinea pigs, with their data treated as a profit center. If Google wants to use students' data to 'improve Google products', then it needs to get express consent from parents." By March 2018 Chromebooks made up 60% of computers used in schools. CNET writer Alfred Ng cited superior security as the main reason for this level of market adoption. According to research firms Gartner and Canalys, over 30 million Chromebooks were shipped in 2020. Sales were propelled by schools buying Chromebooks for students for remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Examples Google supports new Chromebooks with automatic updates for at least 8 years since 2020, previously it was 6.5 years, the date when a device will stop receiving automatic software and security updates can be found in "About this Chromebook" section of device settings. Google maintain an Auto Update policy listing Chrome OS makes and models with their auto update expiration dates. The hardware generation and Linux kernel version of most products can be inferred from the code name and its corresponding video game series: Google Cr-48 At a December 7, 2010, press briefing, Google announced the Chrome OS Pilot Program, a pilot experiment and the first Chromebook, the Cr-48 Chrome Notebook, a prototype, to test the Chrome OS operating system and modified hardware for it. The device had a minimal design and was all black, completely unbranded although it was made by Inventec, and had a rubberized coating. The device was named after Chromium-48, an unstable isotope of the metallic element Chromium (chemical symbol Cr), and the participants were named Cr-48 Test Pilots. Google distributed about 60,000 Cr-48 Chrome Notebooks between December 2010 and March 2011 for free to participants and in return asked for feedback such as suggestions and bug reports. The Cr-48 was intended for testing only, not retail sales. The Cr-48's hardware design broke convention by replacing certain keys with shortcut keys, such as the function keys, and replacing the caps lock key with a dedicated search key (now called the "Everything Button"), which can be changed back to caps lock in the OS's keyboard settings. Google addressed complaints that the operating system offers little functionality when the host device is not connected to the Internet, demonstrated an offline version of Google Docs, and announced a 3G plan that would give users 100 MB of free data each month, with additional paid plans available from Verizon. The device's USB port is capable of supporting a keyboard, mouse, Ethernet adapter, or USB storage, but not a printer, as Chrome OS offers no print stack. Adding further hardware outside of the previously mentioned items will likely cause problems with the operating system's "self knowing" security model. Users instead were encouraged to use a secure service called Google Cloud Print to print to legacy printers connected to their desktop computers, or to connect an HP ePrint, Kodak Hero, Kodak ESP, or Epson Connect printer to the Google Cloud Print service for a "cloud aware" printer connection. The Cr-48 prototype laptop gave reviewers their first opportunity to evaluate Chrome OS running on a device. Ryan Paul of Ars Technica wrote that the machine "met the basic requirements for Web surfing, gaming, and personal productivity, but falls short for more intensive tasks." He praised Google's approach to security, but wondered whether mainstream computer users would accept an operating system whose only application is a browser. He thought Chrome OS "could appeal to some niche audiences": people who just need a browser or companies that rely on Google Apps and other Web applications. But the operating system was "decidedly not a full-fledged alternative to the general purpose computing environments that currently ship on netbooks." Paul wrote that most of Chrome OS's advantages "can be found in other software environments without having to sacrifice native applications." In reviewing the Cr-48 on December 29, 2010, Kurt Bakke of Conceivably Tech wrote that a Chromebook had become the most frequently used family appliance in his household. "Its 15 second startup time and dedicated Google user accounts made it the go-to device for quick searches, email as well as YouTube and Facebook activities." But the device did not replace other five notebooks in the house: one for gaming, two for the kids, and two more for general use. "The biggest complaint I heard was its lack of performance in Flash applications." In ongoing testing, Wolfgang Gruener, also writing in Conceivably Tech, said that cloud computing at cellular data speeds is unacceptable and that the lack of offline ability turns the Cr-48 "into a useless brick" when not connected. "It's difficult to use the Chromebook as an everyday device and give up what you are used to on a Mac/Windows PC, while you surely enjoy the dedicated cloud computing capabilities occasionally." The Cr-48 features an Intel Atom N455, a single-core processor clocked at 1.66 GHz, with 512 KB of cache and hyperthreading enabled. It also features 2 GB of removable DDR3 memory in a single SO-DIMM, integrated chipset graphics (Intel GMA 3150), and a 66 watt-hour battery. It has been found that the Intel NM10 chipset can get very hot during operation due to lack of a proper heatsink, but this has been fixed in production Chromebooks. Pixel Launched by Google in February 2013, the Chromebook Pixel was the high-end machine in the Chromebook family. The laptop has an unusual 3:2 display aspect ratio touch screen featuring what was at its debut the highest pixel density of any laptop, a faster CPU than its predecessors in the Intel Core i5, and an exterior design described by Wired as "an austere rectangular block of aluminum with subtly rounded edges". A second Pixel featuring LTE wireless communication and twice the storage capacity was shipped for arrival on April 12, 2013. The machine received much media attention, with many reviewers questioning the Pixel's value proposition compared to similarly priced Windows machines and the MacBook Air. Pixelbook In 2017, Google launched the Pixelbook to replace the Chromebook Pixel. Like the Chromebook Pixel, the Pixelbook has a 3:2 aspect ratio touchscreen with a high pixel density 12.3" display. Unlike the original Chromebook Pixel but like the second generation, the Pixelbook excludes an option for LTE. Instead, it implements Google's "instant tethering", which automatically tethers a Pixelbook to a Pixel phone's mobile connection. Pixelbook Go Samsung Samsung Series 5 Reviewing the Samsung Series 5 specifications, Scott Stein of CNET was unimpressed with a machine with a 12-inch screen and just 16 GB of onboard storage. "Chrome OS might be lighter than Windows XP, but we'd still prefer more media storage space. At this price, you could also get an Wi-Fi AMD E-350-powered ultraportable running Windows 7." On the other hand, MG Siegler of TechCrunch wrote a largely favorable review, praising the improvements in speed and touchpad sensitivity over the CR-48 prototype, as well as the long battery life and the fact that all models are priced below the iPad. In June 2011, iFixit dismantled a Samsung Series 5 and concluded that it was essentially an improved Cr-48. They rated it as 6/10 for repairability, predominantly because the case has to be opened to change the battery and because the RAM chip is soldered to the motherboard. iFixit noted that the "mostly-plastic construction" felt "a little cheap". On the plus side they stated that the screen was easy to remove and most of the components, including the solid-state drive would be easy to replace. iFixit's Kyle Wiens wrote that the Series 5 "fixes the major shortfalls of the Cr-48 and adds the polish necessary to strike lust into the heart of a broad consumer base: sleek looks, 8+ hours of battery life, and optimized performance." Samsung Series 5 550 In May 2012, Samsung introduced the Chromebook Series 5 550, with a Wi-Fi model and more expensive 3G model. Reviews generally questioned the value proposition. Dana Wollman of Engadget wrote that the Chromebook's keyboard "put thousand-dollar Ultrabooks to shame" and offered better display quality than on many laptops selling for twice as much. But the price "seems to exist in a vacuum—a place where tablet apps aren't growing more sophisticated, where Transformer-like Win8 tablets aren't on the way and where there aren't some solid budget Windows machines to choose from." Joe Wilcox of BetaNews wrote that "price to performance and how it compares to other choices" is "where Chromebook crumbles for many potential buyers." He noted that the new models sell for more than their predecessors, and while the price-performance ratio is quite favorable compared to the MacBook Air, "by the specs, there are plenty of lower-cost options." Samsung Series 3 In October 2012, the Series 3 Chromebook was introduced at a San Francisco event with the Samsung Chromebook XE303. The device was cheaper, thinner and lighter than the Chromebook 550. Google marketed the Series 3 as the computer for everyone, due to its simple operating system (Chrome OS) and affordable price. Target markets included students and first-time computer users, as well as households looking for an extra computer. The lower price proved a watershed for some reviewers. New York Times technology columnist David Pogue reversed his earlier thumbs-down verdict on the Chromebook, writing that "$250 changes everything." The price is half that of an "iPad, even less than an iPad Mini or an iPod Touch. And you’re getting a laptop." He wrote that the Chromebook does many of the things people use computers and laptops for: playing flash videos, and opening Microsoft Office documents. "In other words, Google is correct when it asserts that the Chromebook is perfect for schools, second computers in homes and businesses who deploy hundreds of machines." CNET's review of the Series 3 Chromebook was even more favorable, saying the machine largely delivered as a computer for students and as an additional computer for a household—especially for users who are already using Google Web applications like Google Docs, Google Drive, and Gmail. "It's got workable if not standout hardware, its battery life is good, it switches on quickly, and the $249 price tag means it's not as much of a commitment as the $550 Samsung Series 5 550 that arrived in May." The review subtracted points for performance. "It's fine for many tasks, but power users accustomed to having more than a couple dozen browser tabs open should steer clear." Samsung Chromebook 3 The Chromebook 3 is distinct from and distinguished from the similarly named Samsung Series 3 in several respects: newer (released 2016), different architecture (Intel Celeron N3050 instead of Exynos 5 Dual ARM Cortex), thinner (0.7"), and less expensive (about $100 less than the Series 3); while remaining a full implementation of ChromeOS. Samsung Galaxy Chromebook In 2020 Samsung introduced the Galaxy Chromebook, a high-end 2-in-1 laptop under the Galaxy branding for $999. Reviews praised the 4K AMOLED display, thin and light body, addition of the S-Pen, and speedy Intel Core i5-10210U performance. But they also criticized its poor battery life and heat output. Samsung Chromebook 4 and 4+ In October 2019, Samsung announced the Chromebook 4 (11.6") and 4+ (15.6") models. Both continue the budget model Chromebook line with a dual core Intel Celeron N4000 processor. The 4+ has a larger display and has model choices up to 6GB RAM. Reviews praised the cheap price and comfortable keyboard but criticized the terrible displays. Samsung Galaxy Chromebook 2 The follow-on to the Galaxy Chromebook, the Galaxy Chromebook 2 was introduced in 2021. With a cheaper price, lower FHD QLED display, lower Core i3 processor, and no stylus, it is largely a downgrade from the previous model. However, it is expected these changes will improve the battery life. HP HP's first Chromebook, and the largest Chromebook on the market at that time, was the Pavilion 14 Chromebook launched February 3, 2013. It had an Intel Celeron 847 CPU and either 2GB or 4GB of RAM. Battery life was not long, at just over 4 hours, but the larger form factor made it more friendly for all-day use. HP introduced the Chromebook 11 on October 8, 2013, in the US. In December 2013, Google and HP recalled 145,000 chargers due to overheating. Sales were halted, resuming with a redesigned charger the following month. The HP Chromebook 14 was announced September 11, 2013 with an Intel Haswell Celeron processor, USB 3.0 ports, and 4G broadband. An updated version of the Chromebook lineup was announced on September 3, 2014. The 11-inch models included an Intel processor while the 14-inch models featured a fanless design powered by a Nvidia Tegra K1 processor. HP Chromebooks are available in several colors. Desktop variants Three types of desktop computers also run Chrome OS. Chromebox Classed as small form-factor PCs, Chromeboxes typically feature a power switch and a set of ports: local area network, USB, DVI-D, DisplayPort, and audio. As with Chromebooks, Chromeboxes employ solid-state memory and support Web applications, but require an external monitor, keyboard, and pointing device. Chromebase Chromebase is an "all-in-one" Chrome OS device. The first such model was released by LG Electronics which integrated a screen, speakers, 1.3-megapixel webcam and microphone, with a suggested retail price of $350. The company unveiled the product in January 2014, at International CES in Las Vegas. Chromebit The Chromebit is a stick PC running on Google's Chrome OS operating system. When placed in the HDMI port of a television or monitor, this device turns that display into a personal computer. Chromebit allows adding a keyboard and mouse over Bluetooth or USB port. HDMI does not provide power to connected devices, so the Chromebit is supplied power from either an external USB power supply or draws power via a USB port on the monitor. See also Chromium OS Web thin client For information on typing special characters, see QWERTY#Chrome OS References External links Disassembly of a CR-48 Cloud clients Google hardware Laptops Computer-related introductions in 2011 Google Chrome Smartbooks Tablet computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 2 Pro is an Ultrabook-class convertible device that can be used as both a tablet and laptop computer in the IdeaPad series. Lenovo unveiled the Yoga 2 Pro at the 2013 IFA in Berlin, Germany. It went on sale in the United States in October 2013. It comes in two colors, silver gray and clementine orange, and is designed for flexibility—allowing the user to use it in a variety of situations. Because of the durable hinge that allows the screen to swivel 360 degrees, the Yoga 2 Pro is able to fully utilize Windows 8 and its emphasis on touchscreen integration. The Yoga 2 Pro is the first laptop to earn a Green Mark certification from TUV that recognizes Lenovo for environmentally friendly manufacturing processes and low energy consumption. Design and Performance The Yoga 2 Pro is an Ultrabook-class device. It weighs , is 0.61 inch thick and has tapered edges, giving it an appearance more like a conventional ultrabook laptop vs the earlier model's "book-like" symmetrical design. The Yoga 2 Pro features a 360-Degree Flip-and-Fold design that encompasses four modes—laptop, stand, tablet, and tent mode and has a subtle rubber trim around the edge of its top half in order to prevent slipping on hard surfaces when in tent mode. It comes with a backlit AccuType keyboard and features stereo speakers with Dolby Home Theater. Unlike earlier Yoga products, the home button is now a touch-key on the bottom center of the display. Lenovo moved the power button away from the front and to the side in order to prevent accidental key presses. The base package comes an Intel Core i3 4010U, 4 gigabytes of RAM and 128 gigabytes solid state drive with configurations up to an Intel Core i7 4500U, 8 gigabytes of RAM and 512 gigabyte solid state drive. The 13.3-inch screen uses in-plane switching (IPS) technology and has a QHD+ (3,200 × 1,800) 10-point multitouch display with a brightness of 350 nits. The Yoga 2 Pro come with Intel Wireless Display technology in order to conform to the Ultrabook specification. The ports it comes with are a USB 3.0, a USB 2.0, a micro-HDMI, a 2-in-1 card reader, and a combo jack. Lenovo claims a battery life of up to nine hours. The Yoga 2 Pro comes pre-installed with Phone Companion, Camera Man, Photo Touch, and Chef apps. It includes a software called Lenovo Picks that detects the position of the device and recommends apps for each mode. For example, in stand mode with the screen facing outward, it assumes that you might want to use Skype or Netflix. Phone Companion is a utility that copies content such as documents and hyperlinks and sends them to your phone as a text message and Lenovo Photo Touch and Lenovo Camera Man are included for taking and editing pictures. Lenovo Chef is an included recipe app with motion and voice control. Specifications Reviews Dan Ackerman of CNET wrote, "I'm pleased to see a backlit keyboard, and in our brief hands-on time with the Yoga 2, it felt like a nice upgrade from the previous version, and it's still one of the slickest-looking ultrabooks out there, even without its hybrid properties." Sasha Muller of PC Pro wrote, "There's no question that the Yoga 2 Pro is a triumph. It's lighter, stronger, prettier and all-round better than before. And, somehow, Lenovo has managed to deliver all this for only £1,000. We have to be realistic: the high-DPI display is more of a limitation than a benefit at this time, but at this price, we’d be more than willing to put up with the occasional annoyance. It's a remarkable achievement." The Yoga 2 Pro also been criticized for a relatively short battery life, especially when compared to other 2nd-half-2013 Ultrabook releases that saw much prolonged battery life when switching from Intel's 3rd-generation "Ivy Bridge" to 4th-generation "Haswell" chips. While the Yoga 2 Pro's battery has a higher capacity than the Yoga 13, it uses up more power due to having to display more pixels (3,200 × 1,800 versus 1,600 × 900), thus battery life has not improved much. Writing for the Supersite for Windows, Paul Thurrott stated, "Where the Yoga 2 Pro excels is in its multiple usage possibilities, and while it is absolutely an Ultrabook first, its ability to transform really does set it apart. And that I'm even comparing this device head-to-head with the ThinkPad X1 Carbon is telling: this is a truly versatile machine. "Battery life is impressive and is roughly on par with that of the X1 Carbon. I routinely get 7 or more hours of life, and it withstands cross-country flights and long train rides with ease, using my typical combination of work (writing, image processing) and entertainment (videos)." Writing about the display, Thurrott stated, "...I spend most of my time in the desktop. And super-high-res simply doesn't work in that environment if you run certain poorly-written applications regularly as I do. Were I to stick to Windows 8.1's "Modern" environment, this wouldn't be an issue. Likewise, if you use well-written desktop applications exclusively, you'll find that the Yoga 2 Pro's screen is best in class, and that the desktop scaling functionality works just fine. In fact, better than fine: The text on onscreen controls is so crisp it looks fake." Yoga 2 (standard version) In 2014, Lenovo announced the IdeaPad Yoga 2 (minus the "Pro"), which will be less expensive, but still maintain the flexible convertible hinge. It will be available in 11-inch and 13-inch sizes. The 11" model starts at $529, weighs 1.3 kg (2.9 pounds) and is 1.7 cm (0.67 inch) thick. The starting configuration is a quad-core Intel Pentium CPU and 500GB hard drive. The $999 13-inch Yoga 2 weighs 1.6 kg (3.5 pounds) and is slightly thicker than the 11-inch model, with a 1,920x1,080 panel, 500GB hard drive, and backlit keyboard. The CPU can be upgraded to a fourth-gen Intel Core i5 CPU, and solid-state drive (SSD) storage is optional. See also Lenovo Yoga Tablet 2 Pro based on Atom Z3745 processor References Yoga 2 Pro Convertible laptops 2-in-1 PCs Ultrabooks

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad Power Series The IBM ThinkPad Power Series (and subsequent IBM RS/6000 Model 860 Notebook) (800/820/821/822/823/850/851/860) is a laptop series from the ThinkPad line that was manufactured by IBM. It is based on the PowerPC architecture. History The first PowerPC notebook released by IBM was the RS/6000 Model N40, which was developed together with Tadpole Computer. It was announced in March 1994. The start of the sale was announced in October 1994. Specifications Most of the 800 Series laptops used the PowerPC 603e CPU, at speeds of 100 MHz, or 166 MHz in the 860 model, although the earliest 800 (Type 6020), the direct ancestor of the 850, used a 603 and was apparently only offered to developers. All units used SCSI-2 instead of IDE hard disks, and the ID of every SCSI device on the system could be configured in the cursor driven GUI-based BIOS. Another unusual aspect of the series is their unique startup chime, reminiscent of Apple Macintosh computers of the time. The PowerPC ThinkPad line was considerably more expensive than the standard x86 ThinkPads — even a modestly configured 850 cost upwards of $12,000. On the other hand, the 800, 850 and 851 (and later the 860 and 861) were capable of supporting an optional web camera, one of the first commercially available webcams available on a laptop. These units could also record PAL and NTSC signals with onboard composite connectors, and the batteries contained internal processors to regulate power usage for optimized battery longevity. Software All of the PowerPC ThinkPads could run Windows NT 3.51 and 4.0, AIX 4.1.x, and Solaris Desktop 2.5.1 PowerPC Edition. Many of these PowerPC operating systems and the corresponding compilers are very scarce and hard to find. However, it is also possible to run certain PowerPC versions of Linux on the 800 Series. Models RS/6000 N40 The ThinkPad line have a predecessor model (released in 1994 RS/6000 N40 with 50 MHz PowerPC 601 CPU and with design based on a Tadpole platform). ThinkPad Power Series ThinkPad 800 The ThinkPad Power Series 800 (6020) has a new case design, similar to contemporary 700 series models, but with additional rounded palmrest. ThinkPad 820 The ThinkPad Power Series 820 has another case design (square case with small palmrest with two speakers). This model has reported to run SuSE Linux and Windows NT 4.0 and that they are incompatible with Yaboot. The availability started at April 15, 1996. ThinkPad 821/822/823 This model was just an upgrade of the 820 model. ThinkPad 850 The ThinkPad Power Series 850 (6042-G6D) has a similar case to a 800 model. This model has a motion video capture card and optional snap-in video camera. ThinkPad 851 This model was just an upgrade of the 850 model. RS/6000 Notebook 860 The IBM RS/6000 Notebook 860, sometimes incorrectly to referred as ThinkPad 860 can be seen as the successor of the ThinkPad 850. Power Series 600 The Power Series 600 was a prototype of a compact desktop system; this model was never released, and only prototypes can be found. Canon Power Notebook Released by Canon Computer Systems in 1995, the Canon Power Notebook featured a 603e clocked at 100 MHz with 256 KB of external cache; 32 to 48 MB of RAM; an 810 MB hard drive; a double-speed CD-ROM drive; and a 10.4" active matrix color LCD. Though not marketed by IBM, Canon licensed the use of several components from the ThinkPad 755CD including the plastic case, and externally the Power Notebook was virtually identical to the 755CD save for Canon's logos. References External links IBM ThinkPad Power Series 850 IBM ThinkPad Power Series 850 - oldcomputer.info https://www.notebookcheck.net/A-look-back-at-25-years-of-ThinkPad-notebooks-Part-1-the-beginnings-with-IBM.251062.0.html http://www.ibmfiles.com/pages/tp820.htm http://home.icequake.net/~nemesis/linuxlaptops/ibm/thinkpad_misc/groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/ftpdir/thinkpad/old-archive/HTML/tp-1995/msg01259.html https://books.google.nl/books?id=SzoEAAAAMBAJ https://virtuallyfun.com/wordpress/2013/09/19/thinkpad-860-saga-part-1/ https://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_sm/0/877/ENUS7249-860/index.html&lang=en&request_locale=en http://www.mars.dti.ne.jp/~ayase/tp/tp850.htm IBM laptops ThinkPad PowerPC computers Computer-related introductions in 1994

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook 160 The PowerBook 160 is a portable computer that was released by Apple Computer along with the PowerBook 180 on October 19, 1992. At the time, it constituted the mid-range model replacing the previous PowerBook 140 in processing power. The PowerBook 160 was sold until August 16, 1993. Basic features Its case design is the same as that of the PowerBook 180, but it shipped with the less powerful 25 MHz Motorola 68030 CPU and no FPU, identically to the low-end 145. However, the PowerBook 160 came with a (diagonal) passive matrix LCD screen, which for the first time was capable of displaying 4-bit grayscale. The 160 and the 180 were the first PowerBooks to add an external color video port like the Macintosh Portable before it, as well as increasing the maximum RAM to 14 MB. Both PowerBooks introduced a new power saving feature which allowed their processors to run at a slower 16 MHz rate, the same speed as the original 140. The PowerBook 160 had a 40MB SCSI hard disk drive, configurable to 80 or 120MB. PowerBook 165 (August 1993 - July 1994) The 165, which was introduced on August 16, 1993, added a 33 MHz processor and larger standard hard drive. Along with the PowerBook 145B, this would be the last of the true 100 series PowerBooks and the last Apple laptop to include two serial (printer and modem) ports. After the 165 was discontinued on July 18, 1994, its entry level descendant, the PowerBook 150, would continue to be sold until October 14, 1995, and though it used the 140 case design, its internals were actually based on the PowerBook Duo and PowerBook 190, a 100-series PowerBook in name only as it used the PowerBook 5300's motherboard and case as well. PowerBook 165c (February - December 1993) Introduced on February 10, 1993, the 165c (pictured) was identical to the 165, except that it included a 68882 FPU and had a passive matrix color LCD capable of displaying 256 colors. It was Apple's first PowerBook with a color display. As a result of the thicker color display, the exterior case lid was redesigned, more closely resembling that used on the PowerBook Duo series. The PowerBook 180c used the same case modification.The 165c was discontinued on December 13, 1993. Specifications References 180 68k Macintosh computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs The PowerBook 190 and its companion PowerBook 190cs are laptop computers manufactured by Apple Computer as part of their PowerBook brand, introduced to the market in August 1995. The two models differ only in their screen: the 190 had a 9.5" greyscale display, while the 190cs featured a 10.4" color display. Apple's target sales audience for this model was the college student in need of a no-frills portable computer. In terms of hardware, along with the PowerBook 150, the 190 has much in common with Apple's "professional" laptop of the same period, the PowerBook 5300 series. In exchange for the cheaper price point (approximately US$2200 compared to over US$6000 for the cutting-edge PowerBook 5300ce), the 190 was equipped with a passive matrix LCD rather than a crisper active matrix screen. More significantly, while the 5300s ran PowerPC 603e processors at 100 or 117 MHz, the 190 had only a Motorola 68LC040 clocked at 33 MHz - in fact, the 190/cs were the last Macintoshes to use a 68k CPU. However, Apple offered a PPC upgrade for the 190, a heavily marketed selling point for all new 68040 Macs at the time. In addition, a rather cramped 500 MB IDE hard drive was standard, and factory models shipped with System 7.5.2. It is the only one of the 100 series PowerBooks that does not use the original 140 case design (except the PowerBook 100), thus was the only one to include a 68040 processor, a trackpad rather than the standard trackball, and along with the 150 the only ones to provide for more than 14MB RAM expansion and larger, less-expensive IDE drives. The 190 was the de facto replacement for the PowerBook 500 series, which was completely discontinued with the introduction of the 5300 and the only 68040-based PowerBook Apple offered. Sales figures for the 190 are unavailable, but in any event it did not benefit from reports of "exploding battery syndrome," where the similar 5300 factory-default lithium-ion battery could short-circuit and burst into flames. Apple quickly offered a recall on all such batteries. The PowerBook 190 series used a nickel metal hydride battery which did not exhibit this problem. Production of the 190 halted in June 1996, while the 190cs was sold until October of that year, when it was replaced by the PowerBook 1400cs. External links Apple's datasheets: PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs apple-history.com: PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs 190 68k Macintosh computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Dell Vostro Dell Vostro is a line of business-oriented laptop and desktop computers manufactured by Dell aimed at small to medium range businesses. From 2013–2015, the line was temporarily discontinued on some Dell websites but continued to be offered in other markets, such as Malaysia and India. Prior to Vostro, Dell's home and small business computers were sold under the same lines: Dimension for home and small business desktops, and Inspiron for home and small business portables. With the introduction of Vostro, the Dimension line was discontinued, and the Inspiron line changed to include all computers for the home market; regardless of form factor. One marked difference between the Inspiron line and the Vostro line is that the Vostro line is cheaper but comes with shorter technical support hours. Temporary discontinuation In July 2013, Dell announced that they would stop manufacturing all Dell Vostro systems. Select models were made available on various Dell outlet channels for a limited time. The discontinuation of Vostro models was reportedly because of changing technology and lesser demand in the corporate world. Subsequently, the Vostro was resurrected onto the market in early 2015. Current laptops line The current lineup of Vostro laptops includes Vostro 3000 series that was released on March 9, 2010, Vostro 14 5000 series that was released on October 13, 2015 and Vostro 15 5000 series released on January 20, 2017. Please note that this list may be incomplete and some of the models that are currently being offered in some markets may be missing. Also note that new models release on January every year (as of the latest news). Vostro 3000 Vostro 15 (35##) The Vostro 15 3000 is a laptop line with a 15-inch display aimed at small and medium business. It is an affordable version of the 5000 15-inch line. 3558 — is a model with a 15.6 inch HD display with anti-glare aimed at small business. The operating system options are the ones offered with the Vostro 3368. CPU: Intel Core i3 6100U, Core i3 6005U or Core i5 7200U Display: 15.6" LED-backlit (1366×768) with anti-glare Memory: DDR3 modules of 4 or 8 GB @ 1600 MHz Chipset: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 series chipset ko (Sandy Bridge) – Intel HM67 Optical Drive: Dual-layer 8X DVD+/-CD drive Graphics: Intel HD 4400 or NVIDIA Geforce 2GB Security Hardware: Security slot Storage: 1x SATA, 1TB HDD (5400 RPM) Wireless: DELL Wireless N 1705 @ 2.4 GHz + Bluetooth 4.0 Webcam: Integrated HD 720p webcam (UVC video) Battery: 4-cell lithium-Ion Starting Price: $349 3578 — Vostro 5000 Vostro 13 (53##) 5370 — Vostro 14 (54##) The Vostro 14 5000 is a laptop with a 14-inch display aimed at small business. 5459 — Operating system options are Ubuntu or Windows (8.1 and 10), and it is compatible with Windows 7. The starting price is $550. CPU: Intel Core i3-6100U, i5-6200U or i7-6500U Display: 14" LED-backlit (1366×768) with anti-glare Memory: 4 or 8 GB DDR3L @ 1600 MHz (up to 8 GB supported) Graphics: Intel HD 520, optional Nvidia Geforce 930M, 2 GB/4GB DDR3 Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader (optional) Storage: 1x SATA (500GB or 1TB (5400 RPM) HDD) Wireless: Intel 3165AC + BT4.0 (802.11ac + Bluetooth 4.0, dual band 2.4&5 GHz, 1x1) Webcam: Integrated HD 720p (1.0MP) Battery: 43 WHr, 3-cell battery This laptop has since been updated with Intel's Kaby Lake, Kaby Lake R and Whisky Lake processors. 5471 — 5481 — Sept. 2018 with a starting price of $670. CPU: Intel Core up to i7-8565U (4x 1.8 GHz) Display: 14" LED-backlit (1366×768 or 1920×1080) with anti-glare Memory: 8 GB DDR4 (up to 32 GB supported) Graphics: Intel UHD 620, optional Nvidia GeForce MX130, 2 GB GDDR5 Security Hardware: optional fingerprint reader Storage: 1x SATA 256GB SSD or 1TB HDD (5400 RPM), 1x M.2 (NVMe) 5491 — Vostro 15 (55##) 5568 — features Intel Kaby Lake microprocessors CPU: Intel Core i5-7200U (2x 2.5 GHz, turbo boost up to 3.1 GHz) Display: 15.6" LED-backlit (1920x1080) with anti-glare Memory: 8 GB DDR4 @ 1600 MHz (up to 32 GB supported) Graphics: Intel HD 620, optional Nvidia GeForce 940MX, 2 GB/4GB GDDR5 Security Hardware: fingerprint reader Storage: 1x SATA 256GB SSD or 1TB HDD (5400 RPM) Wireless: Intel 3165AC + BT4.0 (802.11ac + Bluetooth 4.1, dual band 2.4&5 GHz, 1x1) Webcam: Integrated HD 720p (1.0MP) Battery: 45 WHr, 4-cell battery 5581 — Sept. 2018, starting price is $580. CPU: Intel Core up to i7-8565U (4x 1.8 GHz) Display: 15.6" LED-backlit (1920x1080) with anti-glare Memory: 8 GB DDR4 (up to 32 GB supported) Graphics: Intel UHD 620, optional Nvidia GeForce MX130, 2 GB GDDR5 Security Hardware: fingerprint reader Storage: 1x SATA 256GB SSD or 1TB HDD (5400 RPM), 1x M.2 (NVMe) Battery: 45 WHr, 4-cell battery Vostro 17 (57##) 5770 — Discontinued laptops Vostro 1000 The Vostro 1000 is Dell's 15.4" business laptop using AMD's Socket S1 processors. CPU: AMD Athlon 64 X2 TK-53, Mobile AMD Sempron 3500+, 3600+ Display: 15.4" 1280x800 WXGA anti-glare Memory: 1 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, up to 2 GB dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz Optical Drive: 8x DVD+/-R drive, 8x DVD+/-RW drive Graphics: ATI Radeon Xpress 1150, Core: 100 MHz, Memory: 400 MHz, up to 320MB shared memory. Storage: 1x SATA, 60 GB (5400 rpm), 80 GB (5400 rpm) Wireless: Dell Wireless 1395 Bluetooth: Webcam: Battery: 4-cell lithium-ion Vostro 1200 Vostro 1220 The Vostro 1220 is Dell's 12.1" business laptop based on the Intel Montevina platform. CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P8600, P8700, or T9550 Display: 12.1" WXGA w/TrueLife Memory: 2 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD Security Hardware: Wave Encryption software Storage: 1x SATA, 160 GB (5400 RPM), 250, 320, or 500 GB (7200 RPM w/Freefall sensor), or 250 GB encrypted HDD (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor and Wave software), 128 GB SSD Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100, WiMAX/WiFi Link 5150, or 5300 mini card Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 365 Bluetooth 2.0 Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam w/digital mic, optional free video chat software Battery: 4-cell or 6-cell lithium-ion Starting Price: $747 Vostro 1320 The Vostro 1320 is Dell's 13.3" business laptop based on the Montevina platform. CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P7550, P8600, P8700, or T9550 Display: 13.3" WXGA anti-glare, UltraSharp WXGA w/TrueLife Memory: 2 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD, or NVIDIA GeForce 9300M GS Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software, Wave Encryption software Storage: 1x SATA, 120 GB (5400 RPM), 250 or 320 GB (7200 RPM w/Free Fall Sensor), or 250 GB encrypted hard drive (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor and Wave software), 128 GB SSD Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100 or 5300 mini card, atherones Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 355 Bluetooth 2.0 Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam w/digital mic, optional free video chat software Battery: 4-cell, 6-cell, or 9-cell lithium-ion Starting Price: $550 Vostro 1500 The Vostro 1500 is Dell's 15.4" business laptop based on the Montevina platform. The design is based on Inspiron 1520 with a black finish. CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P7550, P8600, P8700, or T9550 Display: 15.4" WXGA anti-glare LED, WXGA+ anti-glare, WXGA+ w/TrueLife Memory: 2 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD, or NVIDIA GeForce 9300M GS Security Hardware: Optional fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software, Wave Encryption software Storage: 1x SATA, 160 GB (5400 RPM), 250 or 320 GB (7200 RPM w/Free Fall Sensor), or 250 GB encrypted hard drive (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor & Wave software), 128 GB SSD Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100 or 5300 mini card Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 355 Bluetooth 2.0 Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam w/digital mic, optional free video chat software Battery: 4-cell, 6-cell, or 9-cell lithium ion battery Vostro 1720 The Vostro 1720 is Dell's 17" business laptop based on the Montevina platform. Note: X9000/X9100 may run very hot and not recommended. T9800 CPU recommended when equipped with nVidia GPU (Average CPU temp 85°C-89°C under load). CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P7550, P8600, P8700, or T9550 (Up to Core 2 duo T9900/X9000/X9100 3.06 GHz 1066FSB E0; confirmed supported with PM45 Chipset, No Core 2 Quad(Q or QX series) Display: 17" WXGA+ anti-glare LED, UltraSharp WUXGA w/TrueLife Memory: 2 GB single channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD, or NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GS Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software, Wave Encryption software Storage: 1x SATA, 160 GB (5400 RPM), 250 or 320 GB (7200 RPM w/Free Fall Sensor), 250 GB encrypted hard drive (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor & Wave software), 128 GB SSD Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100 or 5300 mini card Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 355 Bluetooth 2.0 Battery: 6-cell or 8-cell lithium-ion Starting Price: $599 Vostro A90 and A90n The Vostro A90 is Dell's 8.9" business netbook with similar platform as Dell Mini 9. The A90n offers Ubuntu Linux while the A90 offers Windows XP. CPU: Intel Atom N270 Display: 8.9" WSVGA (1024×600) TN Memory: 1 GB DDR2 SDRAM @ 533 MHz Optical Drive: None Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 950 Storage: 16 GB solid state drive Wireless: Wireless 802.11g card Webcam: Integrated 0.3 MP Battery: 4-cell (35 WHr) lithium-ion Starting Price: $219 (Vostro A90n), $309 (Vostro A90) Vostro V13 The Vostro V13 is Dell's 13.3" business ultraportable with targeted at consumers looking for a budget business ultraportable. The Vostro V13 has a chassis design similar to the Dell Adamo, but it is very cheap at $449, though it ships with Ubuntu and clocks in at a 1.4 GHz Intel solo processor. The processor in the V13 cannot be customized, but the memory can. The base configuration ships with Ubuntu Linux version 9.04, but higher-end configurations ship with Windows 7. CPU: Intel Celeron M 743, Core 2 Solo SU3500 or Core 2 Duo SU7300 Display: 13.3" LED-backlit widescreen (1366×768) Memory: 2 GB or 4 GB DDR3 SDRAM @ 1066 MHz Optical Drive: external 8X DVD+/-RW drive (option) Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA X4500MHD Storage: 1x SATA (250 GB (5400 RPM), 250 GB (7200 RPM) w/data encryption or 320 GB or 500 GB (7200 RPM)) Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 802.11b/g or Intel PRO/Wireless 5100 802.11b/g/n Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam Battery: 6-cell (30 Whr) lithium ion Starting Price: $449 Vostro 3300 The Vostro 3300 is a laptop with a 13.3 inch widescreen display aimed at small business. Dell offers an Intel Core i3 or i5 processor with up to 6 GB DDR3 RAM. The chassis is made of aluminum. The operating system installed is Windows 7 32-bit/64-bit with an XP downgrade as an option. Discrete graphics is an option, and pricing starts at $599. This model has been discontinued by Dell. CPU: Intel Core i3-350M, Core i5-430M, Core i5-450M or Core i5-520M Display: 13.3" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare Memory: 2 GB, 3 GB, 4 GB, or 6 GB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported) Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M, 512 MB Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software (optional) Storage: 1x SATA (250 GB @7200 RPM (encrypted drive optional), 320 GB (7200 RPM), 500 GB (7200 RPM)) Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 b/g/n Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam Battery: 4-cell lithium-ion Starting Price: $599 Vostro 3400 The Vostro 3400 is a laptop with a 14-inch display aimed at small business. It offers updated Core i processors and larger batteries. Pricing starts at $549. Operating system options are the ones offered with the Vostro 3300. CPU: Intel Core i3-370M or Core i5-450M Display: 14" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare Memory: 3 or 4 GB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported) Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M, 512 MB Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software Storage: 1x SATA 250 GB (7200 RPM) or 320 GB (7200 RPM) Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 b/g/n Webcam: Integrated 1.0 MP (720p HD) webcam Battery: 6-cell or 9-cell lithium-ion Starting Price: $549 Vostro 3500 The Vostro 3500 is a laptop with a 15.6 inch display aimed at small business. Operating system options are the ones offered with the Vostro 3300. In some countries Ubuntu can be chosen as the operating system. Vostro 3500 production is discontinued. CPU: Intel Core i3-350M, Core i5-450M, i5-460M, i5-520M or Core i7-640M Display: 15.6" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare Memory: 2, 3, or 4 GB @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported) Chipset: Intel HM57 Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M, 512 MB Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software Storage: 1x SATA 320 GB, or 500 GB (7200 RPM) Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 Wireless-N Half Mini Card (a/b/n = Wi-Fi 4) Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam Vostro 3550 The Vostro 3550 is a laptop with a 15.6 inch display aimed at small business. Operating system options are the same as those offered with the Vostro 3350. CPU: Intel Core i3-2310M, Core i5-2410M or Core i7-2620M Display: 15.6" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare Memory: PC3-10600 CL9 1.5 V modules - 2, 4 or 8 GB @ 1333 MHz (up to 8 GB officially, but works with 16GB as well) Chipset: Intel HM67 Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive Graphics: Intel HD 3000 + optional ATI Radeon HD6630 (up to 1 GB VRAM) Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software Storage: 1x SATA 250 GB, 320 GB, or 500 GB (7200 RPM) Wireless: Intel Wireless N-1030 b/g/n Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam (UVC video) Battery: 6-cell lithium-ion Vostro 3560 The Vostro 3560 is Dell's 15.6" business notebook. CPU: Core i5-3210M, Core i5-3230M or Core i7-3612QM Display: 15.6" LED display (1920×1080) TN Memory: 4GB, 8 GB DDR3 SDRAM @ 1600 MHz Chipset: Intel HM77 Optical Drive: DVD+/-RW DualLayer Graphics: Intel HD 4000 + optional ATI Radeon HD7670M (up to 1 GB VRAM) Storage: 1x SATA 500 GB (7200 RPM) Wireless: Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2230 (b/g/n = Wi-Fi 4) Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam Battery: 6-cell lithium-ion Vostro 3700 The Vostro 3700 is a laptop with a 17.3 inch display aimed at small business. Pricing starts at $629. An Intel Core i7 processor is an option on the Vostro 3700, the only Vostro 3000 series laptop to offer this processor. Operating system options are the same as those offered with the Vostro 3300. CPU: Intel Core i3-350M, Core i5-450M, i5-520M, or Core i7-720QM Display: 17.3" LED display (1600×900) with anti-glare Memory: 2GB, 3 GB, 4 GB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported) Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M (512 MB) or Nvidia Geforce 330M GT (1024 MB) Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software Storage: 1× SATA (HDD 250 GB 7200 RPM, 320 GB 7200 RPM, 500 GB 7200 RPM) Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 b/g/n Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam Battery: 6-cell lithium-ion Desktops First Generation General Vostro 200 Slim Tower – Uses Intel Pentium Dual Core or Core 2 Duo Vostro 200 Mini Tower Vostro 230 Mini Tower – Uses Intel Dual Core, Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Quad processors Phase 2 Release Vostro 400 Mini Tower – Antec EarthWatts EA380 (same case as Vostro 200 Mini Tower) Vostro 410 Tower – Uses the G33 chipset and features 3 external 5.25" drive bays. Second Generation Vostro 220S Slim Tower – Updated DVD/CD/Blu-ray slot case Vostro 220 Mini Tower Vostro 420 Tower – Uses the G45 chipset. Third Generation Vostro 230 Mini Tower/Desktop/Small Form Factor Desktop – Uses Intel Pentium/Core 2 Duo processors Vostro 430 Mini Tower – Uses Nehalem Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors. Fourth generation Vostro 260 Mini Tower – uses Sandy Bridge based Intel Pentium/Core i3/i5 processors. Vostro 460 Mini Tower – uses Sandy Bridge based Intel Core i5/i7 processors. Fifth generation Vostro 270 Mini Tower – uses Ivy Bridge based Intel Pentium/Core i3/i5 processors. Vostro 470 Mini Tower – uses Ivy Bridge based Intel Core i5/i7 processors. Sixth generation Dell Vostro 3900 – uses Haswell processors. Seventh generation Eight generation Dell Vostro 3470/3471 Desktop Tower Width: 3.65" (92.7mm) Depth: 11.54" (293mm) Height: 11.42" (290mm) Starting weight: 9.6 lbs (4.35 kg) Chipset: Intel B360 Processor: Intel Core i3-8100 (4-Core/4-Thread, 6MB Cache, 3.6GHz) Operating system: Windows 10 Professional 64-bit English Memory: 4GB DDR4 2400Mhz (minimum); 32GB DDR4 2400Mhz (maximum) Hard drive: 3.5" 1TB 7200RPM SATA Hard Drive Bluetooth: 4.0, 2.4 GHz, 1x1 Graphics: Intel® UHD Graphics 630 with shared graphics memory Starting price: $389.00-$739.00 Dell Vostro 3670/3671 Desktop Tower Width: 6.3" (160mm) Depth: 11.39" (289.4mm) Height: 14.71" (373.7mm) Starting weight: 11.6 lbs (5.27 kg) Chipset: Intel B360 Processor: Intel Core i3-9100 (minimum); Core i7-9700 (maximum) Operating system: Windows 10 Professional 64-bit English Memory: 4GB DDR4 2666Mhz (minimum); 32GB DDR4 2666Mhz (maximum) Hard drive: 256GB M.2 PCIe NVMe Solid State Drive + 1TB 7200 rpm 3.5" SATA Hard Drive Bluetooth: 4.0, 2.4 GHz, 1x1 Graphics: Intel® UHD Graphics 630; NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050Ti with 4GB GDDR5 Graphics Memory Starting price: $389.00-$579.00 Ninth generation Dell Vostro 5090 Desktop Processor: 9th Gen Intel Core i7-9700 (8-Core, 12MB Cache, up to 4.7GHz with Intel Turbo Boost Technology) Operating system: Windows 10 Pro 64-bit English Memory: 8GB DDR4 2666MHz (minimum); Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660Ti 6GB GDDR6 Starting price: $699.00-$1349.00 Dimensions: Mini-tower version of Vostro 3000 series, i.e., no expansion slots Other Desktops Dell Vostro A100 Dell Vostro A180 Dell Vostro 270, 270S; 2012-2013 History Notebooks and laptops 10 July 2007: 1000, 1400, 1500, 1700 (Windows XP or Vista) 18 December 2007: 1200 (Windows XP or Vista) 1 May 2008: 1310, 1510 (Windows XP or Vista) 15 May 2008: 1710 (Windows XP or Vista) 1 July 2009: 1220 (Windows XP and Windows 7) 23 October 2015: Vostro 14 5000 (Ubuntu, Windows 8.1, Windows 10) Desktops 10 July 2007: 200 (Windows XP or Vista) 2015: Vostro 3900 (Windows 8.1) 2016: Vostro 3468, 3470, 3668, 3670 (Windows 10, Ubuntu) See also Dell Inspiron laptop computers Dell Precision DellEMC Dell Technologies Dell Inspiron desktop computers Dell XPS References External links Dell Vostro US Dell's U.K. Vostro Site Dell Malaysia Vostro laptops Vostro Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 2013

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook 180 The PowerBook 180 is a portable computer released by Apple Computer, Inc. along with the PowerBook 160 in October 1992. At the time, it constituted the new top-of-the-range model, replacing the previous PowerBook 170. Its case design and features are the same as that of the 170, but it shipped with the more powerful 33 MHz Motorola 68030 CPU and Motorola 68882 FPU. Along with the 160, it introduced a new power-saving feature which allowed the processor to run at a slower 16 MHz rate, the same speed as the original 140. The PowerBook 180 came with a (diagonal) active matrix LCD screen capable of displaying 4-bit grayscale at a resolution of 640x400, and a trackball was mounted beneath the keyboard. A 1.44 MB floppy disk drive and 80 MB 2.5-inch hard drive were also standard. The Apple Powerbook also gave an option of possible expansion to a 120 MB hard drive. They are equipped with keyboard stands to slant the keyboard. Like the Macintosh Portable before it, with the addition of an external color video port (missing on the 170), the 180 became a full-featured, no-compromises desktop replacement, equivalent in performance to the Macintosh LC III+. It was sold until May 1994. PowerBook 180c In June 1993, Apple released an identical color version of this model, the PowerBook 180c (pictured below). It had an diagonal active matrix color LCD capable of displaying 256 colors and was the first PowerBook to natively display 640x480 (all previous PowerBooks had 640x400 resolution). As a result of the thicker color display, the exterior case lid was redesigned, more closely resembling that used on the PowerBook Duo series. This modification was used on the PowerBook 165c for the same reason. References External links apple-history.com: PowerBook 180 180 68k Macintosh computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook 2400c The PowerBook 2400c (codenames: "Comet", "Nautilus") is a subnotebook in Apple Computer's PowerBook range of Macintosh computers, weighing . Manufacturing was contracted to IBM. In a return to the PowerBook 100 form factor, it was introduced in May 1997 as a late replacement for the PowerBook Duo 2300c, which had been the last of the subnotebook PowerBook Duo series. The 2400c was discontinued in March 1998, with no immediate replacement — the model that followed it was the much larger PowerBook G3 Series (known as "Wallstreet"/"Mainstreet"). However, in Japan a 2400c with a 240 MHz CPU (codenamed "Mighty Cat") was offered shortly after the original model's discontinuation, until the end of the year. Overview The 2400c uses the same PowerPC 603e processor as the preceding Duo 2300c, but at a much higher CPU clock — 180 instead of 100 MHz. However, the 2400 is unable to utilize the DuoDock like the 2300c was, making the lack of an internal removable drive much more noticeable. Like the PowerBook 100 and Duo series before it, it was sold with an external floppy drive. Apple did not offer a CD-ROM drive for it which was otherwise standard for all other PowerBooks. Unlike the Duo, reinstated peripheral ports on the machine most closely matched those of the original 100 and include: ADB, one combined serial printer/modem port, floppy port (not HDI-20 but unique to the 2400c), HDI-30 SCSI port, but added a VGA video out, as well as a stereo sound out and in, infrared port, and two PCMCIA card slots. The original 180 MHz model's PCMCIA slots officially accept only 2 Type II or 1 Type III PCMCIA-spec cards. But some users have applied simple motherboard modifications to allow the use of Cardbus expansion cards as well, extending the practical life of this subcompact until a replacement was eventually offered by Apple. The Japanese 240 MHz model offered Cardbus as standard. The 2400 is built around a active matrix color LCD screen, making the computer very compact indeed — it is slightly smaller and lighter, though a bit thicker, than a iBook, and the fourth-smallest subnotebook behind the PowerBook G4 introduced several years later. Apple's most recent offering in this category was the discontinued MacBook. Due to its processor being located on a detachable daughter card, the PowerBook 2400c saw a small number of PowerPC G3 processor cards created for it. Companies such as Interware(Vimage), and Newer Technologies(NUpowr) offered processor upgrades which would swap out the 603e for a G3 ranging from 240 MHz to 400 MHz. This was also the last Mac to not ship with a removable media drive until the MacBook Air in 2008. References External links PowerBook 2400c/180 at Apple Computer's AppleSpec PowerBook 2400c at apple-history.com PowerBook 2400c at lowendmac.com PowerBook 2400c/180 and 2400c/240 at EveryMac.com 2400c PowerPC Macintosh computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook G4 The PowerBook G4 is a series of notebook computers manufactured, marketed, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. between 2001 and 2006 as part of its PowerBook line of notebooks. The PowerBook G4 runs on the RISC-based PowerPC G4 processor, designed by the AIM (Apple/IBM/Motorola) development alliance and initially produced by Motorola. It was built later by Freescale, after Motorola spun off its semiconductor business under that name in 2004. The PowerBook G4 has two different designs: one enclosed in a titanium body with a translucent black keyboard and a 15-inch screen; and another in an aluminum body with an aluminum-colored keyboard, in 12-inch, 15-inch, and 17-inch sizes. Between 2001 and 2003, Apple produced the titanium PowerBook G4; between 2003 and 2006, the aluminum models were produced. Both models were hailed for their modern design, long battery life, and processing power. When the aluminum PowerBook G4s were first released in January 2003, 12-inch and 17-inch models were introduced first, while the 15-inch model retained the titanium body until September 2003, when a new aluminum 15-inch PowerBook was released. The aluminum 15-inch model also includes a FireWire 800 port, which had been included with the 17-inch model since its debut nine months earlier. The PowerBook G4 is the last generation of the PowerBook series, and was succeeded by the Intel-powered MacBook Pro line in the first half of 2006. The latest version of OS X that any PowerBook G4 can run is Mac OS X Leopard, released in 2007. When Apple switched to Intel x86 processors in 2006, the PowerBook G4's form and aluminum chassis were retained for the MacBook Pro. Titanium PowerBook G4 The first generation of the PowerBook G4 was announced at Steve Jobs' MacWorld Expo keynote on January 9, 2001. The two models featured a PowerPC G4 processor running at either 400 or 500 MHz, housed in a titanium-clad case that was 1 inch (25 mm) deep. This was 0.7 inches (18 mm) shallower than the G4's predecessor, the PowerBook G3. The G4 was among the first laptops to use a screen with a widescreen aspect ratio. It also featured a front-mounted slot-loading optical drive. The notebook was given the unofficial nickname "TiBook", after the titanium case and the PowerBook brand name; it was sold alongside the cheaper iBook. The 1 GHz version of the Titanium G4 is the last, and fastest, PowerBook that can natively run Mac OS 9 (version 9.2.2). Industrial design The initial design of the PowerBook G4 was developed by Apple hardware designers Jory Bell, Nick Merz, and Danny Delulis. The ODM Quanta also helped in the design. The new machine was a sharp departure from the black plastic, curvilinear PowerBook G3 models that preceded it. The orientation of the Apple logo on the computer's lid was switched so that it would "read" correctly to onlookers when the computer was in use. PowerBook G3 and prior models presented it right-side-up from the perspective of the computer's owner when the lid was closed. Apple's industrial design team, headed by British designer Jonathan Ive, converged around a minimalist aesthetic—the Titanium G4's design language laid the groundwork for the Aluminum PowerBook G4, the MacBook Pro, the Power Mac G5, the flat-screen iMac, the Xserve, and the Mac mini. Quality issues The hinges on the Titanium PowerBook display are notorious for breaking under typical use. Usually the hinge (which is shaped like an L) will break just to the left of where it attaches to the lower case on the right hinge, and just to the right on the left hinge (where the right hinge is on the right side of the computer when the optical drive is facing the user). When the 667 MHz and 800 MHz "DVI" PowerBooks were introduced, Apple changed the hinge design slightly to strengthen it. At least one aftermarket manufacturer began producing sturdier replacement hinges to address this problem, though actually performing the repair is difficult as the display bezel is glued together. In addition some discolouration, bubbling or peeling of paint on the outer bezel occurred, notably around the area where the palm would rest while using the trackpad, and around the rear of the hinges where paint on the back of the machine was often worn off. This appeared on early models but not on later Titanium PowerBooks. Display issues The video cable is routed around the left-side hinge. This will cause the cable to weaken under heavy usage. Many owners have reported display problems such as random lines or a jumbled screen, although few have replaced just the video cable to successfully resolve this problem. There is also a backlight cable that might fail; one option is to replace either or both cables before replacing LCDs. Models Aluminum PowerBook G4 In 2003, Apple introduced a new line of PowerBook G4s with 12-, 15-, and 17-inch screens and aluminum cases. The new notebooks not only brought a different design to the PowerBook G4 line but also laid down the foundation for Apple’s notebook design for the next five years, replaced initially in January 2008 by the MacBook Air and the subsequent MacBook and MacBook Pro redesigns in October. The 15" titanium model was still available until September 16, 2003, when the Aluminum model replaced it. Notably, the 12" model brought a welcome return to the Apple subnotebook configuration, conspicuously lacking in their product line since the discontinuation of the PowerBook 2400 in 1998. While the titanium PowerBook G4s were capable of booting into Mac OS 9 or Mac OS X operating systems, the aluminum PowerBook G4s could only boot into Mac OS X. Both series of machines could run Mac OS 9 in Classic mode from within Mac OS X. Industrial design The aluminum PowerBook G4 was designed by Apple's Vice President of Industrial Design, Jonathan Ive, and used a radically different design from the preceding titanium models. The most obvious change was the use of aluminum, not titanium, to manufacture the body. The keyboard, which was originally black, was changed to match the color of the body. Additionally, the aluminum keyboard was backlit on the 17" model and on one of the 15" models. This was the first case of keyboard internal backlighting seen on a notebook computer. The design was considered superior to most other notebooks when it debuted in 2003, and consequently, it made the PowerBook G4 one of the most desirable notebooks on the market. The external design of Apple's professional laptops continued to remain similar to the aluminum PowerBook G4 until the Spotlight on Notebooks event on October 14, 2008. Quality issues Some owners have experienced failure of the lower memory slot on some of the 15" models, with the typical repair being the replacement of the logic board. Apple had started a Repair Extension Program concerning the issue, but it has been noted that some models displaying the issue have not been included. This leaves certain PowerBook G4 owners with only a maximum of 1 GB of RAM to use instead of a full 2 GB. Apple previously had a Repair Extension Program to fix the "white spot" issue on its 15" PowerBook displays. There has also been a rash of reports concerning sudden and pervasive sleeping of 1.5 and 1.67 GHz models known as Narcoleptic Aluminum PowerBook Syndrome. Symptoms include the PowerBook suddenly entering sleep mode, regardless of the battery level or whether the PowerBook is plugged in. One cause is the ambient light sensing, and associated instruction set coding, with possible keyboard backlight and sleep light issues accompanying the so-called "narcolepsy". Another cause is the trackpad area heat sensor; system logs report "Power Management received emergency overtemp signal. Going to sleep.". To correct this, service groups will often replace the logic board or power converter, but the actual fix (depending on the model) for the first cause is to replace or remove the left or right ambient light sensors; and for the second cause, disconnect, remove, or replace the heat sensor, or the entire top case which holds the trackpad heat sensor. Alternatively, there are reports which detail success in removing certain sensor kernel extensions or rebuilding the kernel using the Darwin Open Source project after commenting out the relevant sleepSystem() call; permanent resolution of the sleep issue in this manner is little documented. The 1.67 GHz model may suffer from manufacturing or design defects in its display. Initial reports pointed to this only being a problem with type M9689 17" PowerBooks introduced in Q2 2005, but then this problem was also seen in displays replaced by Apple Service Providers in this period (e.g. because of the bright spots issue). The devices were the last 17" models shipped with the matte 1440×900 pixel low-resolution display. After many months of usage, the displays may show permanently shining lines of various colors stretching vertically across the LCD. Often this will start with one-pixel-wide vertical lines being "stuck" in an "always-on" mode. Various sites have been set up documenting this issue. On May 20, 2005, Apple recalled 12-inch iBook G4, and 12- and 15-inch PowerBook G4 batteries (model number A1061, first 5 characters HQ441 – HQ507 for the iBook, model # A1079, serial # 3X446 – 3X510 for 12" PowerBook, model # A1078, serial # 3X446 – 3X509.) They were recalled due to short-circuiting which caused overheating and explosion. The batteries were made by LG Chemical, in Taiwan and China. Apple has since removed the recall from its website. Models Discontinuation One major factor that led to the discontinuation of the PowerBook G4 was Apple's internal experimentation with the PowerPC G5 for the company's next line professional-grade notebooks at that time. The G5 powered Apple's Power Mac G5 and iMac G5 computers but proved to be too power-hungry and heat-intensive to use in a notebook form factor. The stalling development of the G5 is also said to be another main factor in the Mac's transition from PowerPC to Intel processors. After awaiting a new professional-grade notebook to replace the G4, on January 10, 2006, Apple released the 15" MacBook Pro, its first Intel-based notebook. A 17" version of the MacBook Pro followed on April 24, 2006. The new "MacBook Pro" name was given to the new series of notebooks after Apple changed the portable naming schemes from "Power" for professional products (and "i" for consumer products), in favor of including "Mac" in the title of all computer lines, with the suffix "Pro" denoting a pro product. Finally, on May 16, 2006, the 12" PowerBook G4 and the G4 iBook were discontinued and replaced by the 13.3" MacBook, ending the whole PowerBook line. However, a replacement for the 12" subnotebook form factor (i.e. the 12" PowerBook G4) was not immediately forthcoming; the MacBook Air, released in 2008, served as an indirect replacement while the 13" MacBook Pro released in 2009 is the direct replacement for the 12" PowerBook G4. Apple returned to the 12" screen size with the MacBook released in 2015. Supported Mac OS releases References General 15-inch PowerBook G4 Developer Note 17-inch PowerBook G4 Developer Note Mactracker Detailed information on Apple Macintosh computers. External links Apple - Support - PowerBook G4 Video of Jobs launching PowerBook G4 Titanium at Macworld 2001 Video of Jobs launching PowerBook G4 Aluminum at Macworld 2003 PowerBook G4, EveryMac.com Alu G4 Disassembly G4 PowerPC Macintosh computers Computer-related introductions in 2000

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Clevo x7200 The Clevo X7200 is a 17.3" laptop computer manufactured by Clevo, released in September 2010. Unlike other laptops of the time, the X7200 is designed to run a desktop Intel Core i7 processor for LGA 1366 socket. The X7200 may be configured to use dual link video cards using either Nvidia GeForce GTX (Fermi architecture) in SLI or AMD (ATI) Mobility Radeon 6970 in Crossfire configuration. The X7200 has capacity for three hard drives, allowing various RAID configurations, including RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, and also RAID 10 if the optical drive is replaced by a fourth HDD. The X7200 was superseded by Clevo models of updated but broadly similar desktop-computer-like characteristics, such as the P570WM3. Performance and price When configured with an Intel i7 980X/990X processor and Nvidia SLI or AMD Crossfire GPUs, the performance of the X7200 is comparable to a desktop machine, faster than laptop computers with more restricted processors and graphics cards. This makes the machine suitable for processor- and graphics-intensive use, such as for playing games requiring high performance, LAN parties, software development, and video editing. The price, according to a review when the computer was launched, is commensurate with performance, starting at US$2,680, and rising to as high as $5,781. Unusual features Supports Intel Core i7 desktop CPUs, including the X58 HEDT i7-980X and i7-990X Extreme Edition, more powerful than mobile CPUs usually used by laptops. Four internal drive bays (including one that may hold an optical drive), more than other laptop computers. Supports dual video cards. The Clevo x7200 can be configured with two top-end Nvidia SLI or ATI CrossFire adapters, giving graphics performance better than other laptops. Branding Clevo laptops are not sold directly to customers, but are own-branded by resellers. Some reseller model names are: AVADirect X7200 Eurocom Panther 2.0 Maingear Titan 17 MALIBAL Nine X7200 Origin PC EON17 Sager NP7280 Falcon Northwest DRX.X cybertronPC Multicom Kunshan X7200 Reviews At the time of its release in September 2010 the X7200 was favourably reviewed by AnandTech, and described as "King of the Desktop Replacement". It was also described as "an absolute tank", due to its weight of 5.5 kg in a basic configuration, compared to around 3 kg for other 17" "laptop" computers, and heavy power consumption of around 300W. Known issues Soon after its release, it was reported certain X7200/NP7280 configurations under heavy use would cause the power supply unit (PSU) to cut out, switching the power to the laptop's battery. In order to prevent the problem, Clevo developed a power connecting bridge so two PSUs could be used in tandem to provide the necessary power to the system, thus preventing the PSU from a fault. References External links Notebook Review, Charles P. Jefferies, "Clevo X7200 Review", 6 December 2010 PC Magazine, Brian Westover, "AVADirect Clevo X7200", 4 January 2011 Tom's Hardware, Thomas Soderstrom, "Inside The Nine X7200", 3 November 2010 Laptops

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IdeaPad IdeaPad (stylized as ideapad) is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo. The IdeaPad mainly competes against computers such as Acer's Aspire, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, HP's Pavilion, Envy and Stream, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite. History The IdeaPad laptops were announced in January 2008. The first three models in the product line were the Y710, the Y510, and the U110. Some of the features that defined these first three models were widescreens, VeriFace facial recognition, frameless screens, touch controls, and Dolby speaker systems. The IdeaPad design marked a deviation from the business-oriented ThinkPad laptops, towards a more consumer-oriented look and feel. Among these changes were a glossy screen and the absence of the traditional ThinkPad TrackPoint. Notebook Review said the keyboard had a ‘"distinctive ThinkPad feel" and "the touchpad and touchpad buttons were smooth and responsive." On September 21, 2016, Lenovo confirmed that their Yoga series is not meant to be compatible with Linux operating systems, that they know it is impossible to install Linux on some models, and that it is not supported. This came in the wake of media coverage of problems that users were having while trying to install Ubuntu on several Yoga models, including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK For Business, 900S, and 710, which were traced back to Lenovo intentionally disabling and removing support for the AHCI storage mode for the device's solid-state drive in the computer's BIOS, in favor of a RAID mode that is only supported by Windows 10 drivers that come with the system. (This is also noted to make creation of Windows installation media more difficult than it normally is, as the process requires extracting a storage driver and loading it during the Windows installation process, or else the installer will not see the SSD.) As of February 2020, Lenovo IdeaPad S940 is the world's cheapest 4K laptop. This IdeaPad notebook, made of aluminium, is the world's first laptop to feature a curved Contour Display. Current model lines IdeaPad 1 series (? - current) IdeaPad 3 series (? - current) IdeaPad 5 series (? - current) Flex series (? - current) The Lenovo IdeaPad Flex is a dual-mode laptop line by Lenovo; Unlike the Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga line of devices the keyboard does not bend back entirely to allow use as a tablet, it's only a dual-mode laptop (except some models). Its keyboard rotates behind the display beyond 300 degrees in order to put the device into "stand mode." Stand mode brings the user closer to the screen for watching videos and using touch-enabled apps and removes the visual distraction from the keyboard. Some models have orange accents, a feature often found in Lenovo's designs. Early Ideapad Flex has a screen-inch oriented numbering scheme (like "Flex 11", "Flex 13"), current models have an additional market positioning numbering - 3 for low-cost line, 5 for mainstream models, 7 for more expensive line (e.g "Flex 5 11", "Flex 5 13", "Flex 7 13"). According to a review from NDTV Gadgets, "It's clear that Lenovo allocated most of this device's cost to its more visible features. In terms of functionality, it is best thought of as a modern-day netbook: good enough for surfing the Web, creating basic documents and watching movies now and then, but not suitable for any serious work." Gaming series (? - current) IdeaPad Gaming 3 was announced in April, 2020. Discontinued series Series overview The old ideaPad comes in a variety of series, with differing purposes: Yoga series – ''Convertible Entertainment Ultrabooks and Laptops, Convert between four different modes ..." US Lenovo website Y series – "Premium Multimedia Laptops, High-performance laptops for multimedia and gaming ... feature the fastest processors, the latest discrete graphics technology, high resolution displays..." US Lenovo website Z series – "Mainstream Entertainment Laptops ... strike ... balance between performance, colorful design, and affordability..." US Lenovo website Flex series – "Mainstream Multimode Laptops ... thin, light multimode notebooks feature 10-point multitouch displays and all-day battery life." US Lenovo website U series – "Designer Laptops/Ultrabooks ... meant to be shown off with everyday use." US Lenovo website A series – "Multimode Android Laptops ... Lenovo-customized Android operating system ... [with] ... two different modes, laptop mode ... and stand mod." UK Lenovo site S series – "Entry-Level Ultraportables ... give you smart performance, good battery life and clean designs..." UK Lenovo site 100 series – "Ideapad 100 Series laptops are engineered for productivity with an affordable price..." IdeaPad 130, 330, 530 and 730 lines (2019 - 2020) IdeaPad 730 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 730 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 730 series are respectively an 13-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 730s (13") IdeaPad 530 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 530 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 530 series are respectively an 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 530s (15") IdeaPad 330 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 330 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 330 series are respectively an 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. Inch of laptop: IdeaPad 330 (17") IdeaPad 330 (15") IdeaPad 330 (14") IdeaPad 330s (15") IdeaPad 330s (14") IdeaPad 130 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 130 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 130 series are respectively an 11-inch, 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. Both make use of Intel Core processors. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 130s (11") IdeaPad 130s (14") IdeaPad 130 (15") IdeaPad 130 (14") IdeaPad 120, 320, 520 and 720 lines (2018 - 2019) IdeaPad 720 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 720 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 720 series are respectively an 13-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 720 series uses an Nvidia GeForce video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 720s (15") IdeaPad 720s (14") IdeaPad 520 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 520 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 520 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. The 520 series uses an AMD Radeon video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 520s (14") IdeaPad 520 (15") IdeaPad 320 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 320 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 320 series are respectively an 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. Inch of laptop: IdeaPad 320s (14") IdeaPad 320s (15") IdeaPad 320 (17") IdeaPad 320 (15") IdeaPad 120 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 120 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 120 series are respectively an 11-inch and 14-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. Both make use of Intel Core processors. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 120s (14") IdeaPad 120s (11") IdeaPad 110, 310, 510 and 710 lines (2017 - 2018) IdeaPad 710 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 710 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 710 series are respectively an 13-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 700 series uses an Nvidia GeForce video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 710s Plus (13") IdeaPad 710s (13") IdeaPad 510 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 510 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 510 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. The 510 series uses an AMD Radeon video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 510s (14") IdeaPad 510 (15") IdeaPad 310 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 310 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 310 series are respectively an 15-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. Inch of laptop: IdeaPad 310 (15") IdeaPad 110 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 110 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 110 series are respectively an 11-inch, 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. Both make use of Intel Core processors. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 110 (17") IdeaPad 110 (15") IdeaPad 110 (14") IdeaPad 110s (11") IdeaPad 100, 300, 500 and 700 lines (2015 - 2017) IdeaPad 700 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 700 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 700 series are respectively an 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 700 series uses an Nvidia GeForce video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 700 (17") IdeaPad 700 (15") IdeaPad 500 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 500 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 500 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 500 series uses an AMD Radeon video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 500 (15") IdeaPad 500s (14") IdeaPad 500 (14") IdeaPad 300 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 300 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 300 series are respectively an 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 300 series uses an AMD Radeon video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 300 (17") IdeaPad 300 (15") IdeaPad 300 (14") IdeaPad 100 Series The Lenovo IdeaPad 100 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 100 series are respectively an 11-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. Both make use of Intel Core i5 processors. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 100s (14") IdeaPad 100s (11") IdeaPad 100 (15") IdeaPad 100 (14") 305 series The Lenovo IdeaPad 305 series was a class of home and small business professional PCs. The IdeaPad 305 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in 2015. Both make use of Intel Core i3 or i5 processors. The 305 series uses an AMD Radeon video card. Inches of laptop: IdeaPad 305 (14") IdeaPad 305 (15") G series U series (2008-2014) The IdeaPad U series was a line of a "high-fashion"-oriented laptops with mainstream performance and consumer-grade quality. They had a different screen sizes: a netbook-like laptops (11.1"-12", 2008-2010 years), and long-running 13", 14" and 15" series of models – with integrated, or entry-level discrete GPUs, and low-power processors. V series “Combining security and productivity features with a simple design, powerful technology, and all-day battery life, Lenovo V Series laptops are perfect for small business professionals who demand long-term performance and reliability.” Z Series (2010-2012) The IdeaPad Z Series laptops were designed primarily for entry-level multimedia users. The first Z Series IdeaPad laptops were the Z360, Z460 and Z560, with 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch screens respectively. The 2011 IdeaPad laptops launched by Lenovo were the Intel Sandy Bridge processor based Z370, Z470, Z570, and AMD Llano APU processor based Z575. Features Y series (2008-2016) The first laptops in the IdeaPad Y Series line were showcased in CES 2008. These were the IdeaPad Y710 and Y510 laptops, with 17-inch and 15-inch screens, respectively. The Y series is a line of ordinary laptops with gaming-oriented appearance – a marked difference from ThinkPads. The laptops in the IdeaPad Y Series were Y400, Y450, Y460, Y460p, Y470, Y480, Y510, Y560, Y560p, Y570, Y580 and Y560d. The current models offered in a "Legion" subbrand, and comes with a 14", 15" and 17" screens. The notable models of Y series is the 2016's Y900 with a slim mechanical keyboard, 2013's Y400 and Y500 with an advanced UltraBay with optional secondary discrete graphic card, and 2008's Y710 with optional "Lenovo Game Zone" module. Ideapad Yoga series Ideapad Yoga is an obsolete derivative of an Ideapad line. But currently, after producing a few shared laptop models, the Yoga line was divided into a different market niche. IdeaPad Yoga 13 The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13 is a hybrid notebook/tablet computer created by Lenovo and first announced at the International CES 2012 in January. The 13-inch Yoga was released by Lenovo on Oct. 26, 2012 at a price of $1,099. Best Buy released an alternative version of the Yoga 13 with an Intel Core i5 processor (vs. Lenovo's base model's i3 processor) and no Microsoft Office (whereas Lenovo's base model includes Microsoft Office). Its smaller cousin, Yoga 11, which runs Windows RT (as opposed to the Yoga 13, running Windows 8), was released in December 2012 for $799. With products such as Yoga 11 and 13, Lenovo has been able to take more than 40% of the American retail market of computers priced at least $900 that run Microsoft's Windows 8. In an editors' review, CNET stated that, "The Yoga works best as a full-time laptop and part-time tablet, because when it's folded back into a slate, you still have the keyboard pointing out from the back of the system. Although the keyboard and touch pad are deactivated in this mode, it's still not ideal. Plus, despite the hype, Windows 8 is still not a 100-percent tablet-friendly OS, and there are some frustrations that span all the Windows 8 tablet-style devices we've tested. The Yoga certainly seems to be everyone's choice for a great Windows 8 ambassador – both Microsoft and Intel have touted it as a best-in-class example, and Best Buy is currently featuring it in a television ad." IdeaPad Yoga 11 The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a hybrid laptop/tablet Windows RT based computer released in late 2012. The Yoga 11 and Yoga 13 computers both get their names from their unique design that enables the devices to rotate their screen backwards to become tablet devices. According to PC Pro, "The hybrid design is immensely flexible. Prop the Yoga 11 up in 'tent mode', and the touchscreen can be angled just so. Lay the keyboard facing the desk, and the screen can be tilted back and forth while sturdy-feeling hinges keep the display from flopping backwards. Fold the screen all the way back, and hidden magnets hold it clamped shut against the underside, transforming it into a tablet." The Yoga 11 has slim chassis with a matte orange exterior finish and an all-black interior that weighs 2.79 pounds. It has a full-size QWERTY keyboard. According to TechRadar, the "large, well-cushioned keys offer a far better experience than Microsoft Surface, and there's a large trackpad as well." The Yoga 11 is powered by a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 that runs at a maximum clockspeed of 1.3 GHz and features an integrated graphics processor. The Tegra 3 is also found in numerous Android-based tablets. 2 GB of RAM comes standard. This relatively small amount of RAM is sufficient due to the reduced memory requirements of Windows RT applications. The Yoga 11 is sold with solid-state drives in 32 GB and 64 GB capacities. The Yoga 11 runs the Windows RT operating system. Microsoft Office 2013 ships pre-installed. Like all Windows RT devices, the Yoga 11 cannot run software designed for earlier versions of Windows, only apps designed for the new Metro interface are compatible. The Yoga 11 has an 11.6-inch glossy screen that makes use of IPS technology and runs at a resolution of 1366×768. The screen has a maximum brightness of only 344 nits, but has a measured contrast ratio of 1,146:1. There two USB 2.0 ports, an SD card reader, a 3.5 mm headphone jack, and a standard HDMI output. There is a built-in 720P webcam. In its review TechRadar stated, "The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a stylish, lightweight and durable laptop that neatly doubles as a tablet. At 11 inches, it's portable and thin enough to be used in tablet form, but like its bigger brother, having the keys on the reverse affecting your grip makes it far from ideal.If you're looking for a laptop form factor for work, which doubles as a tablet for basic apps and sofa surfing, then the Yoga 11 is worth serious consideration, although we'd advise you to head to your nearest PC superstore to give it the once over. It's not for everyone, and we'd primarily recommend it to someone looking for a small Windows 8 laptop who doesn't want to miss out on enjoying all the touchscreen goodness that Windows 8 has to offer." IdeaPad Yoga 11S The IdeaPad Yoga 11S is a compact ultralight hybrid notebook/tablet computer scheduled for release in 2013. Like the Yoga 13 and the Yoga 11 the Yoga 11S gets its name from its ability to take on various form factors due to its screen being mounted on a special two-way hinge. The Yoga 11S runs the full version of Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system. The Yoga 11s will ship in the United States in June 2013 with a starting price of $799. Like other models in the IdeaPad Yoga line, the Yoga 11S has a convertible form factor. Its screen can flip into a range of positions that allow it to serve as a regular laptop and tablet device as well as being able to function in "tent mode" and "stand mode." Like the Yoga 11, the 11S will be available in silver and clementine orange. The Yoga 11S can be configured with processors as powerful as Intel's "Ivy Bridge" Core i7 processor, will support up to a 256 GB SSD, and can hold as much as 8 GB of RAM. The Yoga 11S has an 11.6" display with available options for resolutions of 1366×768 pixels and 1600×900 pixels. CNET writes, "The 11-inch Yoga – Lenovo's clever laptop/tablet hybrid – had a great physical design, but ran the lame Windows RT operating system. The 13-inch Yoga ran full Windows 8, but was a bit too large for tablet duties. The upcoming Yoga 11S may be the "just right" marriage of the two: the smaller and lighter 11-inch chassis, but running full Windows 8 – while still keeping the unique folding design." IdeaPad Yoga Tablet The IdeaPad Yoga Tablet is an Android tablet with a multi-mode device with a rear kickstand designed to allow it to be placed upright for viewing videos and other media or tilted for easier text entry. The Yoga Tablet has a round battery that can last as long as 18 hours. It comes in models with 10-inch and 8-inch screens. Internal storage varies from 16 gigabytes to 32 gigabytes. An upgraded version was added in February 2014, called Lenovo Yoga Tablet 10 HD+, which featured a Full HD display and a Qualcomm Snapdragon processor. Currently the combined Ideapad Yoga line has been discontinued, and Lenovo Yoga brand is now an actual self-standing product line. Miix series (2013-20??) The Lenovo Miix was a series of multi-mode computing devices that function as both a tablet and a notebook computer. The Miix line started with simple Miix branding, in 2015 - 20** called as "IdeaPad Miix", and then again rebranded to simply "Miix" in 20**, following to discontinuation in 20**. Former Miix line uses a Intel Atom CPUs, last models can have a ARM-based CPU. S series (2008-?) The first laptop in Lenovo's netbook IdeaPad S Series was scheduled for launch in September 2008 but was delayed, with an estimated release date indicated as November. Ultimately, the laptop was released in September in China, but in October in the United States. S series line starts with a S10 laptop, low-cost, Intel Atom powered 10.2 inch subnotebook. Couple of further S-series laptops gets an Atom CPU, but, once Atom line was discontinued, main line of lightweight S series laptops switches to a low-power AMD A-series, Intel Celeron, Pentium and low-cost versions of Y-series CPUs. C series IdeaPad C340 was announced in February 2019. L series IdeaPad L340 was announced in April 2019. See also LePad IdeaPhone References External links Lenovo's Official web site for IdeaPad notebooks Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 2008 Products introduced in 2008

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Mobile device A mobile device (or handheld computer) is a computer small enough to hold and operate in the hand. Typically, any handheld computer device will have an LCD or OLED flat screen interface, providing a touchscreen interface with digital buttons and keyboard or physical buttons along with a physical keyboard. Many such devices can connect to the Internet and interconnect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks or near field communication (NFC). Integrated cameras, the ability to place and receive voice and video telephone calls, video games, and Global Positioning System (GPS) capabilities are common. Power is typically provided by a lithium-ion battery. Mobile devices may run mobile operating systems that allow third-party applications to be installed and run. Early smartphones were joined in the late 2000s by larger, but otherwise essentially the same, tablets. Input and output is now usually via a touch-screen interface. Phones/tablets and personal digital assistants may provide much of the functionality of a laptop/desktop computer but more conveniently, in addition to exclusive features. Enterprise digital assistants can provide additional business functionality such as integrated data capture via barcode, RFID and smart card readers. By 2010, mobile devices often contained sensors such as accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes, allowing detection of orientation and motion. Mobile devices may provide biometric user authentication such as face recognition or fingerprint recognition. Major global manufacturers of mobile devices are Apple, Samsung, Huawei, Meizu, Zte, Xiaomi, Sony, Google, HTC, LG, TCL, Motorola Mobility,Nokia,Realmeand Micromax Informatics. Characteristics Device mobility can be viewed in the context of several qualities: Physical dimensions and weight Whether the device is mobile or some kind of host to which it is attached is mobile To what kind of host devices can it be bound How devices communicate with a host When the mobility occurs Strictly speaking, many so-called mobile devices are not mobile. It is the host that is mobile, i.e., a mobile human host carries a non-mobile smartphone device. An example of a true mobile computing device, where the device itself is mobile, is a robot. Another example is an autonomous vehicle. There are three basic ways mobile devices can be physically bound to mobile hosts: accompanied, surface-mounted or embedded into the fabric of a host, e.g., an embedded controller embedded in a host device. Accompanied refers to an object being loosely bound and accompanying a mobile host, e.g., a smartphone can be carried in a bag or pocket but can easily be misplaced. Hence, mobile hosts with embedded devices such as an autonomous vehicle can appear larger than pocket-sized. As stated earlier, the most common size of mobile computing device is pocket-sized that can be hand-held, but other sizes for mobile devices exist, too. Mark Weiser, known as the father of ubiquitous computing, computing everywhere, referred to device sizes that are tab-sized, pad and board sized, where tabs are defined as accompanied or wearable centimeter-sized devices, e.g. smartphones, phablets and pads are defined as hand-held decimeter-sized devices. If one changes the form of the mobile devices in terms of being non-planar, one can also have skin devices and tiny dust-sized devices. Dust refers to miniaturized devices without direct HCI interfaces, e.g., micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), ranging from nanometres through micrometers to millimeters. See also Smart dust. Skin: fabrics based upon light emitting and conductive polymers and organic computer devices. These can be formed into more flexible non-planar display surfaces and products such as clothes and curtains, see OLED display. Also see smart device. Although mobility is often regarded as synonymous with having wireless connectivity, these terms are different. Not all network access by mobile users, applications and devices need be via wireless networks and vice versa. Wireless access devices can be static and mobile users can move in between wired and wireless hotspots such as in Internet cafés. Some mobile devices can be used as mobile Internet devices to access the Internet while moving but they do not need to do this and many phone functions or applications are still operational even while disconnected to the Internet. What makes the mobile device unique compared to other technologies is the inherent flexibility in the hardware and also the software. Flexible applications include video chat, Web browsing, payment systems, NFC, audio recording etc. As mobile devices become ubiquitous there, will be a proliferation of services which include the use of the cloud. Although a common form of mobile device, a smartphone, has a display, another perhaps even more common form of smart computing device, the smart card, e.g., used as a bank card or travel card, does not have a display. This mobile device often has a CPU and memory but needs to connect, or be inserted into a reader in order to display its internal data or state. Types There are many kinds of mobile devices, designed for different applications. They include: Mobile computers Tablet computer Netbook Digital media player Enterprise digital assistant Graphing calculator Handheld game console Handheld PC Laptop Mobile Internet device (MID) Personal digital assistant (PDA) Pocket calculator Portable media player Ultra-mobile PC Mobile phones Camera phones Feature phones Smartphones Phablets Digital cameras Digital camcorder Digital still camera (DSC) Digital video camera (DVC) Front-facing camera Pagers Personal navigation device (PND) Wearable computers Calculator watch Smartwatch Head-mounted display Smart cards Uses Handheld devices have become ruggedized for use in mobile field management. For instance, the uses are, digitizing notes, sending and receiving invoices, asset management, recording signatures, managing parts, and scanning barcodes. In 2009, developments in mobile collaboration systems enabled the use of handheld devices that combine video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities to enable multi-party conferencing in real-time, independent of location. Handheld computers are available in a variety of form factors, including smartphones on the low end, handheld PDAs, Ultra-Mobile PCs and Tablet PCs (Palm OS, WebOS). Users can watch television through Internet by IPTV on some mobile devices. Mobile television receivers have existed since the 1960s, and in the 21st century mobile phone providers began making television available on cellular phones. In the 2010s, mobile devices can sync and share a lot of data despite the distance or specifications of said devices. In the medical field, mobile devices are quickly becoming essential tools for accessing clinical information such as drugs, treatment, even medical calculation. Due to the popularity of mobile gaming, the gambling industry started offering casino games on mobile devices, which in turn lead to inclusion of these devices in anti hazard legislature as devices that could potentially be used in illegal gambling. Other potentially illegal activities might include the use of mobile devices in distributing child pornography and the legal sex industry use of mobile apps and hardware to promote its activities, as well as the possibility of using mobile devices to perform trans-border services, which are all issues that need to be regulated. In the military, mobile devices have created new opportunities for the armed forces to deliver training and educational materials to soldiers, regardless of where they are stationed. See also Converged device List of emerging technologies Mobile interaction Near field communication (NFC) Smart device References Sources Information appliances Mobile computers Personal digital assistants

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP Pavilion HP Pavilion is a line of consumer-oriented laptop and desktop computers produced by HP Inc. It was introduced in 1995 by erstwhile Hewlett-Packard. The name is applied to both desktops and laptops for the Home and Home Office product range. The Pavilion mainly competes against computers such as Acer's Aspire, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, Lenovo's IdeaPad, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite. When Hewlett-Packard merged with Compaq in 2002, it took over Compaq's existing naming rights agreement, and so sold both HP and Compaq-branded machines, until 2013. History In 1995, HP introduced the Pavilion PC, an IBM-compatible computer of the desktop type, which marked the company's introduction into the home-computing market. Dave Packard published The HP Way, a book which chronicled the rise of Hewlett-Packard and gave consumers insight into its business practices, culture and management style. HP also produced a low-cost, high-speed infrared transceiver that allowed wireless data exchange in a range of portable computing applications; these included telephones, computers, printers, cash registers, automatic teller machines, and digital cameras. The first HP Pavilion PC The HP Pavilion 5030 was technically HP's second multimedia PC designed specifically for the home market. The first was called the HP Multimedia PC; model numbers were 6100, 6140S and 6170S. Pavilion went on to become a popular model. Its specifications included a quad-speed CD-ROM drive, Altec Lansing speakers, software for online service access and Microsoft Windows 95. This entry-level model featured a 75 MHz Intel Pentium processor, 8 MB RAM and an 850 MB hard drive. Desktops HP offers about 30 customizable desktops; of these, 5 are standard HP Pavilion, 4 are Slimline, 6 are High Performance Edition (HPE), 5 are "Phoenix" HPE Gaming editions*, 5 are Touchsmart, and 5 are All-In-One. Current desktop models HP Pavilion: p7m, p7z, p7t, p7xt, p7qe HP Pavilion Slimline: s5m, s5t, s5z, s5xt HP Pavilion HPE (High Performance Edition): h8m, h8t, h8z, h8xt, h8qe, h8se HP Pavilion HPE (High Performance Edition) Phoenix (Gaming): h9-1100z, h9-1120t, h9-1150t, h9-1170t, h9-1135, h9-1200ex *(not customizable) HP Pavilion Wave: 600t HP Touchsmart PC: 310z, 610z, 610t, 610xt, 610 Quad HP Omni Series (All-In-One): 100z, 100t, 200t, 200xt, 200 Quad Past desktop models (Note that this is not a complete list, but a list of more recent models.) HP Pavilion: a255c, a445c, a1740n, a6560t, a6560z, a6510t, a6500z, a6460t, a6450z, a6410t, a6400z, a6250z, a6250t, a6210z, a6205t, a6200t, a6600z, a6608f, a6610t, ?6617?, a6660t, a6660z, a6700z, a6750f, p6300z, p6310t, p6350z, p6370t, p6380t a000 series - Panther / Jaguar a1000 series - Mojave / Gobi a6000 / p6000 series - Venus / Venus2 HP Pavilion Slimline: s3100n, s3200t, s3200z, s3400t, s3400z, s3500t, s3500z, s3600f, s3600t, s3600z, s3700f, s3700z, s3710t, s3750t, s5305z, s5310t, s5350z, s5370t, s5380t, s5730f, s7350n HP Pavilion Media Center: a1330n, a1410n, a1600n, m7580n(XP Only), m8300, m8100y, m8200n, t000, HP Pavilion Elite/HPE: m9350f, m9300t, m9300z, m9200t, m9200z, m9000t, m9000z, d5000z, d5000t, d5100t, m9400t, m9400z, d5200t, e9300z, HPE 110t, HPE 150t, HPE 170t, HPE 180t, HPE 190t HP Pavilion Ultimate: d4999t, d4999z HP Touchsmart: iq770t, iq772t, IQ504t, IQ506t, IQ804t, 300z, 600t, 600xt, 600 Quad HP Pavilion All In One/Omni: 23SE, MS220z, 200t Model number suffixes The suffix on the model number, if present, indicates special information such as processor or country. The following chart describes each suffix. t: Intel processor z: AMD processor sb: Small Business Series se: Special Edition qe: Quad Edition y: CTO - Configure To Order Two-letter country codes such as us: United States ca: Canada br: Brazil la: Latin America ap: Asian Pacific au/ax/tu/tx: Asia/Australia ea/ec/ee/eo/(e plus a letter): Eastern & Western Europe etc. Slimline overheating problems The HP Pavilion Slimline desktops are housed in small form factor cases. They have 100 to 160 watt power supply units (PSUs). They can become very hot because of their small size. Notebooks These are customizable in the US only. A variety of different models with different setups are available in other countries. Until 2013's HP was producing the some model of Pavilion with Compaq Presario branding. Current notebook models HP Pavilion x360 HP Pavilion 13 x360 Previous notebook models 20.1 inch: HDX9000 18.4 inch: HDX18t / dv8t 17.0 inch: dv7 / g70t / dv9000 / dv8000 / zd8000 / zd7000 16.0 inch: HP G60-445DX 15.6 inch: Compaq Presario (CQ60 / CQ62z), dv6t / dv6z / dv6zae (Artist Edition 2) / G60t 15.4 inch: dv5 / dv6000 / dv5000 / dv4000 / zv6000 / zv5000 / zx5000 / ze5000 / ze4000 / zt3000 15.0 inch: ze2000 / ze1000 / zt1000 14.3 inch: dv1658 14.1 inch: dv4z / dv2000 series / dv1000 series 13.3 inch: dv3t / dv3z / dv3500t 12.1 inch: dv2z; Tablet PC: tx series / TouchSmart tx2z 17.3 inch: ENVY 17 3D / ENVY 17 / dv7t / G72t / g7 15.6 inch: HDX16t / G62t / G62m / g6 / m6 / 15-p077tx / 15-p001tx / 15-ck069tx 15-p005x / 15-p073tx / 15-p045tx / 15-p085tx / 15-r022tx / 15-r014tx / 15-r022tx / 15-d103tx / 15-p207tx / 15-p209tx/ 15-p210tx/ 15-p029tx/ 15-p028tx / 15-p027tx / 15-f233wm/15-n096sa/15-ab165us 14.5 inch: ENVY 14 14.1 inch: dv4tse / dv4t 14.0 inch: dm4t / dm4x / G4t 13.3 inch: dm3t / Voodoo Envy 133 12.1 inch: tm2t 11.6 inch: dm1z 10.1 inch: HP Pavilion x2 Detachable (1280 x 800 touchscreen) The HP Pavilion x2 is a long-running family of devices; there are dozens of variants, across many generations of Intel processors. HP Mini 10.1 inch: HP Mini 1000 (Mi / XP / Mobile Broadband Wireless / Vivienne Tam) / HP Mini 210 / HP Mini 110 (Mi / XP) 8.9 inch: HP Mini 1000 (Mi / XP / Mobile Broadband Wireless) Model number suffixes The two or three letter suffix on the model number indicates special information like country or language (dv----xx). The following chart describes each suffix. t: Intel processor z: AMD processor ae: Artist Edition ("Artist Edition" imprint) bw: Broadband Wireless series sb: Small Business series se: Special Edition ("Intensity" dv4tse, "Renewal" dv5tse; "Special Edition" imprint) qe: Quad Edition (special quad-core processor, e.g. dv7tqe-6100 CTO with Intel i7) The following suffixes corresponds to the region where the notebook is sold. us: United States ca: Canada la: Latin America br: Brazil ea / ee / [e + other letter]: Europe / Middle East eo / so: Scandinavia ec / sc: Czech Republic and Slovakia au / ax: Asia / Australia - AMD processor (AU = AMD + UMA graphics; AX = AMD + discrete graphics) tu / tx: Asia / Australia - Intel processor (TU = Intel + UMA; TX = Intel + discrete) ap: Asia Pacific Other suffixes include nr, cl, and wm. nr: no rebate cl: club model, available only through discount shopping clubs such as Costco and Sam's Club wm: Walmart model dx: Best Buy model od: Office Depot model st: Staples model The HP Pavilion HDX is only sold with Intel processors, but does not end with the suffix "t"; it has no suffix. The HP Pavilion TX tablet PC series was sold with AMD processors only, but they still ended with the suffix "z". HP Imprint The HP Imprint notebook finish is a high-gloss developed in cooperation with Nissha Printing Co. (Japan). This was used for the following models: Notebook artwork competitions HP held a contest in conjunction with MTV to help design a special edition HP notebook case artwork. The contest went from September 5, 2007, to October 17, 2007, and over 8,500 designs from 112 countries were submitted. "Asian Odyssey" by João Oliveira of Porto, Portugal, was chosen as the winner of the competition and featured on the HP dv2800tae Series Notebook. In another competition, “Engine Room”, a design by Hisako Sakihama, from Japan was chosen to appear on a HP notebook. Specialized features HP developed Linux based software which could be booted quickly ( 12s ) to play music or DVDs called QuickPlay for the dv series of notebooks, quickplay also incorporated multimedia features, such as pause playback from the included remote control, within Windows. Later versions that shipped with Vista did not have the boot option but retained the multimedia features. QuickPlay software has been discontinued by HP will be replaced with HP MediaSmart Software that will be installed on all HP Desktops and Notebooks from 2009 onwards. Overheating issue Many notebook owners experience hardware failure in various Pavilion models due to overheating. The first symptom is usually a disappearing Wi-Fi. Later failure of the graphics system and booting problems. HP does acknowledge this as a "hardware issue with certain HP Pavilion dv2000/dv6000/dv9000" notebooks, which is eligible for free repair. Other users recommend a "resoldering" of the nVidia GPU on the motherboard due to the overheating causing the solder on the built-in GPU to liquify. In 2009, HP had to recall over 70,000 batteries that were defective as a result of overheating. References External links HP corporate homepage HP Pavilion online store Pavilion Pavilion Convertible laptops Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 1995

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Dell Inspiron 1764 The Dell 1764 is a laptop computer designed by Dell. At the time of its introduction, it was noted for a fast processor and good sound, a medium hard disk drive and a release price of 679 USD. Technical overview CPU Intel Core i3-330M (2.13 GHz) or i5-430M (2.26 GHz). Video cards ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5450/4330 Display The screen is a high-glossy display and measures 17.3 inches diagonally, and has a resolution of 1600x900 pixels. HDMI and VGA video outputs also are available. Storage The standard internal hard drive size is 500 GB. It also includes an SD card slot, supporting MMC, SD and SDHC cards for additional storage as a standard features of this laptop series. Other devices This laptop includes webcam and Bluetooth adapter. Colors and configurations The Dell 1764 is available in different colors and configurations. Colors include black, blue and pink. The configurations may differ in the presence of advanced display adapter, this is available by the laptop configuration. The new model 1764 is an upgrade of the basic 1750 design, with modified touchpad and improved styling. Problems with preinstalled software Some users noticed a problem with preinstalled software. Operating Systems The Dell 1764 is shipped with Windows 7 Operating System. Linux was reported to run well with the Laptop's hardware, but requires proprietary Broadcom drivers for the wireless network interface card when using some kernels where the integrated open source drivers fail, and if using a version with an upgraded graphics card, requires a proprietary ATI driver. See also Dell Inspiron References External links Dell 1764 Reviews and Specification Dell laptops

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo 3000 Lenovo 3000 was a line of low-priced notebook and desktop computers designed by Lenovo Group targeting small businesses and individuals. It was replaced with the IdeaCentre and IdeaPad brands. Background The Lenovo 3000 series marked the debut of Lenovo branded products outside of China. First showcased in New York City on 23 February 2006, the line was intended to boost Lenovo's competitiveness internationally against rival brands like Dell and Hewlett-Packard. In addition, the 3000 series gave the company an independent identity: an identity separate from the Thinkpad line that Lenovo acquired in 2005 and defined its Westernised image since the acquisition. In 2008, after introducing two new consumer brands, IdeaPad for laptops and IdeaCentre for desktops, Lenovo stopped selling its 3000 series models. Models Desktops Lenovo 3000 J features both AMD and Intel processors Lenovo 3000 H Notebooks First introduced in 2006, the Lenovo 3000 N100 and V100 offered Intel Core Duo processors, while the lower-end C series featured Pentium M and Celeron M processors. Its successors, C200, N200, V200 featured Core 2 Duo processors. Thereafter, came the N500, the G-series, and the B series Lenovo 3000 C C100, C200 - 15-inch XGA screen Lenovo 3000 N N100, N200 - 14.1-inch- and 15.4-inch- WXGA models N500 - 15.4 inch screen. Lenovo 3000 V V100, V200 - 12.1-inch WXGA models Lenovo 3000 G G400, G410, G430, G450, G455, G510, G530, G550, and G560 Lenovo 3000 B Series B450-B490 - 15.4 inch screen References External links Introducing Lenovo 3000, Lenovo Group 3000 Consumer electronics brands Discontinued products Computer-related introductions in 2006

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP ProBook The HP ProBook is a line of business-oriented laptop computers made by Hewlett-Packard (HP Inc.). HP marketed the ProBook series to business users; the list price was lower than that of HP's higher-end EliteBook series. History S-Series (discontinued in 2012) In April 2009, HP introduced the ProBook s-series (standard/essential) notebooks, which consisted of the Intel powered 4410s, 4510s, and 4710s (14", 15.6", and 17.3" screens, respectively) and the AMD powered 4415s and 4515s (14" and 15.6" screens, respectively). This was followed by the introduction of the 13.3" ProBook 4310s in June of the same year. The s-series was updated in 2010 with Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 processors, a brushed aluminum case, chiclet keyboard, and multi-touch ClickPad. Updates to the line in 2012 included a new exterior aluminum design. 4x1xs ProBook 4310s ProBook 4311s ProBook 4410s ProBook 4411s ProBook 4510s ProBook 4710s ProBook 4415s ProBook 4416s ProBook 4515s 4x2xs ProBook 4320s ProBook 4321s ProBook 4420s ProBook 4421s ProBook 4520s ProBook 4720s ProBook 4325s ProBook 4326s ProBook 4425s ProBook 4525s 4x3xs ProBook 4230s ProBook 4330s ProBook 4331s ProBook 4430s ProBook 4431s ProBook 4520s ProBook 4530s ProBook 4730s ProBook 4435s ProBook 4436s ProBook 4535s 4x4xs ProBook 4340s ProBook 4341s ProBook 4440s ProBook 4441s ProBook 4540s ProBook 4740s ProBook 4445s ProBook 4446s ProBook 4545s B-Series (discontinued in 2012) The ProBook B-series was announced on October 13, 2009, replacing the previous HP Compaq B-series with similar design in early models. All models still have a CD drive bay, docking port, pointstick options, screen latches, draining holes, easy-replaceable battery with additional slice options, TPM chip, socketed CPU, WLAN options and 2 RAM slots. Two AMD powered models were announced in 2009 — the 14" ProBook 6445b and the 15.6" Probook 6545b; Their Intel powered counterparts were announced three months later as the 14" ProBook 6440b and the 15.6" Probook 6540b.; and the next-year upgrade is a AMD-powered 6455b and 6555b, and Intel-based 6450b and 6550b. The B-series design was updated in 2011 with the Intel-powered 6460b and 6560b, and the AMD-powered 6465b and in 2012 with the Intel-powered 6470b and 6570b, and the AMD-powered 6475b. The updated sibling EliteBook line had an additional magnesium frame under screen top lid, the keyboard LED-backlight, the aluminum bottom-cover, the 17" workstation version and the additional security options. 6x4xb ProBook 6440b ProBook 6540b ProBook 6445b ProBook 6545b 6x5xb ProBook 6450b ProBook 6550b ProBook 6455b ProBook 6555b 6x6xb ProBook 6360b ProBook 6460b ProBook 6560b ProBook 6465b ProBook 6565b 6x7xb ProBook 6470b ProBook 6570b ProBook 6475b M-Series (discontinued in 2011) HP launched the 5310m in September 2009 as a line of compact mid-range 12" and 13" ProBooks without CD-drive bay. The 5310m was enclosed by an aluminum and magnesium case, weighed under four pounds, and was less than an inch thick. The M-series was updated in September 2010 with a 5320m, closely followed with the release of the 5330m in May 2011 which featured a dual-tone aluminum chassis and Beats Audio. 5x1xm ProBook 5310m 5x2xm ProBook 5220m ProBook 5320m 5x3xm ProBook 5330m G-Series HP launched the G0 series in 2013. The computers are enclosed in an aluminium and magnesium case. The G1 series succeeded in 2014. The first digit is a class of laptop (4## — entry, 6## — mid-class models), second digit is a display size (#3# for 13.3", #4# for 14.1", #5# for 15.6" and #7# for 17.3"). The third is an additional mark, like a ##5 for AMD-based model. G0 ProBook 440 G0 ProBook 450 G0 ProBook 470 G0 G1 This line have a low-end siblings (15.6" HP 350 G1 and 14.1" HP 340 G1). The 4## models is entry line. and 6## is a mid-range models with aluminum and magnesium case. ProBook x360 11 G1 EE ProBook 430 G1 ProBook 440 G1 ProBook 450 G1 ProBook 470 G1 ProBook 445 G1 ProBook 455 G1 ProBook 640 G1 ProBook 650 G1 ProBook 645 G1 ProBook 655 G1 Pro x2 410 G1 Pro x2 612 G1 G2 This line have similar siblings. ProBook x360 11 G2 EE ProBook 430 G2 ProBook 440 G2 ProBook 450 G2 ProBook 470 G2 ProBook 445 G2 ProBook 455 G2 ProBook 640 G2 ProBook 650 G2 ProBook 645 G2 ProBook 655 G2 Pro x2 410 G2 Pro x2 612 G2 G3 ProBook x360 11 G3 EE ProBook 430 G3 ProBook 440 G3 ProBook 446 G3 ProBook 450 G3 ProBook 470 G3 ProBook 455 G3 ProBook 640 G3 ProBook 650 G3 ProBook 645 G3 ProBook 655 G3 G4 ProBook x360 11 G4 EE ProBook 430 G4 ProBook 440 G4 ProBook 450 G4 ProBook 470 G4 ProBook 455 G4 ProBook 640 G4 ProBook 650 G4 ProBook 645 G4 ProBook 645 G4 Pakistan G5 ProBook x360 11 G5 EE ProBook 430 G5 ProBook 440 G5 ProBook x360 440 G1 ProBook 450 G5 ProBook 470 G5 ProBook 455 G5 ProBook 640 G5 ProBook 650 G5 G6 ProBook x360 11 G6 EE ProBook 430 G6 ProBook 440 G6 ProBook 450 G6 ProBook 445 G6 ProBook 445R G6 ProBook 455R G6 G7 HP ProBook x360 435 G7 13.3-inch 2-in-1 was announced on January 16, 2020. ProBook 430 G7 ProBook 440 G7 ProBook 450 G7 ProBook 445 G7 ProBook 455 G7 G8 These are the ProBooks that have been released in Generation 8. ProBook 430 G8 ProBook 440 G8 ProBook 450 G8 ProBook x360 435 G8 ProBook 445 G8 ProBook 455 G8 ProBook x360 435 G8 ProBook 630 G8 ProBook 640 G8 ProBook 650 G8 ProBook 635 Aero G7 Timeline of releases See also Competing laptop lines include: Acer TravelMate Dell Latitude and Vostro Lenovo ThinkPad and ThinkBook Fujitsu Lifebook References External links HP Official Site How to Screenshot on HP Laptop Hp Laptop ProBook Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 2009

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Subnotebook Subnotebook (also called an ultraportable, superportable or mini notebook) was a marketing term for laptop computers that are smaller and lighter than a typical 'notebook' sized laptop. Types and sizes As typical laptop sizes have decreased over the course of the 2010s, and other distinguishing features have become mainstream, the distinction between regular-size and 'subnotebook' laptops has largely disappeared. To the extent that it still exists, 'subnotebook' could be defined as machines with screen smaller than 13" but with a permanently-attached keyboard intended for two-handed typing. Prior to this convergence, subnotebooks were also distinguished from netbooks and ultra-mobile PCs, based on both size and market position. Classic subnotebooks were smaller than full sized laptops but larger than handheld computers. They were distinguished by smaller screens and bodies and lighter weights relative to contemporaneous laptops. The savings in size and weight were often achieved partly by omitting ports, and these were typically the first machines to omit optical disc drives or on some of the earliest models, floppy disk drives. They were also some of the first systems which could be paired with docking stations to compensate. One notable form-factor of subnotebook-oriented docks were "slice docks" — a more transportable version of classic docking station. History Before 1992 The TRS-80 Model 100 from 1983 was one of the first mass-market portable computers, and was smaller than the clam-shell machines of the same era; it used a slate form factor, with no hinge and the keyboard and screen on the same plane. Its later sibling the Tandy 200 was a clam-shell design and smaller than contemporary laptops. Either could be regarded as an early subnotebook The Compaq LTE, launched in 1989, was the first to be widely known as a "notebook computer" because its relatively small dimensions — 48 × 220 × 280 mm (1.9 × 8.5 × 11 inches) — matched those of a pair of stacked US Letter (similar to A4) size paper notebooks. In 1990 the Compaq release was followed by IBM PS/2 note and PS/55note lines (later, in October 1992 they was replaced by the first IBM ThinkPad), and by the relatively compact Sharp PC-6220 model. Starting around this time, portables with noticeably smaller form factors sometimes referred as subnotebooks. The term may have been first applied to the NEC UltraLite, unveiled in 1988 — although its dimensions (1.4" × 8.3" × 11.75") were very similar to the Compaq LTE, but slightly lighter (). There were also a few notable smaller-than subnotebook PCs at this time, including the Atari Portfolio and HP 95LX — both very small MS-DOS machines, roughly comparable in size to later handheld PCs. 1992–1995 At the end of 1992, PCMag magazine described two models as subnotebooks: these were the Gateway Handbook the Dell 320SLi (both less that a 1.6 kg weight), and another was released in Italy: the Olivetti Quaderno. Apple and Compaq did label their machines as "subnotebooks" in this period, but the PowerBook Duo and Compaq LTE Lite otherwise qualify, and both lines were among the first to broadly popularize docking stations. Another early model was the Hewlett-Packard OmniBook 300, which was launched as a "superportable" in 1993; it was one of the first examples to use a flash memory disk instead of a hard drive, to reduce the weight. Toshiba, also entered the market that year with the Portege T3400 and T3400CT, claiming that "It's the first subnotebook computer with all the functionality of a much larger computer"; the T3400CT was the first subnotebook with a color screen. in 1995, Tosbiba introduced the Libretto 20, with a 6.1″ screen; CNet reported about the Libretto 50CT that "[it] is the first full-fledged Windows 95 notebook in the United States weighing less than two pounds". Compaq introduced its own short lived subnotebook line in 1994 called Contura Aero, notable for using a battery which was intended to be standard rather than only useful for Compaq products. IBM released a Palm Top PC (handheld laptop with 4.7" screen) in 1995. 1996–2000 IBM had sold "thin and light" models in its ThinkPad range, such as the ThinkPad 560 ultraportable (1996) and best-selling ThinkPad 600 (1998). It finally entered the subnotebook market in 1999 with the 1.3 kg ThinkPad 240, targeted at business travellers. The 240 and 240X had 10.4″ screens. Later, however, IBM replaced these with the X range, with 12.1″ screens. In 1997 Mitsubishi Electric released ultra-compact 12.1" Mitsubishi Pedion laptop line with ultrathin magnesium case (18 × 218 × 297 mm) and chiclet keyboard. This short-living model line was sold only in Japan, and was discontinued after some hardware issues. Sony launched an ultraportable (ultrathin) less than an inch thick in Japan - the PCG-505, which reached the US in 1997 as the VAIO 505GX. This was followed by the even thinner Sony VAIO X505, which measured just 0.8 × 8.2 × 10.2 inches, and reached 0.3″ at its thinnest. However, it was very expensive and had poor battery life, and was soon withdrawn. Apple replace the aging PowerBook Duo line with relatively light-weight () but short-lived PowerBook 2400c; this was co-designed by IBM, and manufactured for Apple by IBM Japan. In 2000 Compaq released a more compact successor of Digital HiNote line - the 10.3" Armada M300, with magnesium case and 1.6 kg weight. Sony also launched the C1 range of subnotebooks, starting in Japan in 1998. 2001–2006 This period was notable for a major split between lower-power-consumption and higher power x86 processors in laptops; although Intel released the Pentium 4 mobile chips, the mobile Pentium III remained available because of high power consumption on the Pentium 4 leading to high heat and short battery life. This was followed by the Pentium M, which was a dedicated line of mobile processors with no desktop equivalent. This era also featured processors from Transmeta, intended to be extremely power efficient. One of the most notable Sony models was the Vaio PCG-C1VE or PictureBook (2001). It was one of the first machines with a digital camera built into the lid, which could be used for video conferencing or swiveled to photograph a scene. This was followed in 2005 by the Flybook convertible with a 8.9 inch touch screen. The Flybook featured a built-in phone connection for GPRS or 3G networking, and is available in a range of bright colors. This was covered in non-computer magazines including GQ, FHM, Elle and Rolling Stone. In 2006, Microsoft introduced a new ultra-mobile PC format, under the code-name Origami. These were smaller versions of Tablet PC computers; One example was the Samsung Q1. 2007–present Since 2007, the laptop computer market has seen an increased segmentation of microprocessor lines to different purposes and power levels, including the introduction of the Intel Atom, ultra-low-voltage processors which has since having become mainstream, and the use of ARM microprocessors. Another notable implementation was a migrate from CCFL screen backlit to more energy-efficiently and compact LED-backlit screens. On the other hand, over the course of the 2010s, with growing of sales for mainstream users, optical drives and legacy ports became uncommon, and some classic subnotebook features (like additional replaceable batteries, alternative input methods, docking options, Smart Cards, mobile broadband modules, additional storage) become rare. At Computex 2011 Intel announced a new system branding called Ultrabooks; these very much match the prior description of subnotebooks - they used lower-powered processors (but not as low-end as netbooks) and with each generation of Intel processors, the lower-powered U-series processors became a larger part of mainstream sales. typically lacked optical drives and legacy ports, and were generally compact, but as marketed the two terms were rarely used together. Noticeable releases: In 2007 the ASUS Eee PC became the first of a new class of low-cost laptops commonly called netbooks. Netbooks are typically based upon the Atom processors, while other subnotebooks use more powerful processors such as ULV types. In 2008, Apple introduced the MacBook Air, which the company claimed was the world's thinnest notebook. This model was notable for offering no built-in optical drive. In the same year Lenovo released last widely known hi-end 12" subnotebook line without touchpad, the ThinkPad X200, X200s and X200 Tablet models. In 2010 saw a number of semi-rugged low-end subnotebooks for the education market, including the Dell Latitude 2100, Lenovo ThinkPad x100e, and HP ProBook Education Edition; these notably had laptop charging trolley support. In 2011, the first Chromebooks were introduced by Google, and Intel's introduced the Ultrabook branding for premium thin-and-light laptops. Over the next several years, specific marketing of laptops as "subnotebooks" died out, and since 2017 the term is essentially dead in mainstream branding. As of 2021 plenty of smaller laptops remain on the market which could adequately be described as subnotebooks, and the term is still sometimes used informally although is no longer used by manufacturers. See also List of computer size categories Netbook Palmtop Intel Mobile Internet Device UMPC, a small form-factor tablet PC platform Smartbook References Laptops Japanese inventions

laptop Form Factor and Weight

AT (form factor) In the era of IBM compatible personal computers, the AT form factor comprises the dimensions and layout (form factor) of the motherboard for the IBM AT. Baby AT motherboards are a little smaller, measuring 8.5" by 13". Like the IBM PC and IBM XT models before it, many third-party manufacturers produced motherboards compatible with the IBM AT form factor, allowing end users to upgrade their computers for faster processors. The IBM AT became a widely copied design in the booming home computer market of the 1980s. IBM clones made at the time began using AT compatible designs, contributing to its popularity. In the 1990s many computers still used AT and its variants. Since 1997, the AT form factor has been largely supplanted by ATX. Design The original AT motherboard, later known as "Full AT", is , which means it will not fit in "mini desktop" or "minitower cases". The board's size also means that it takes up space behind the drive bays, making installation of new drives more difficult. (In IBM's original heavy-gauge steel case, the two " full-height drive bays overhang the front of the motherboard. More precisely, the left bay overhangs the motherboard, while the right bay is subdivided into two half-height bays and additionally extends downward toward the bottom of the chassis, allowing a second full-height fixed disk to be installed below a single half-height drive.) The power connectors for AT motherboards are two nearly identical 6-pin plugs and sockets. As designed by IBM, the connectors are mechanically keyed so that each can only be inserted in its correct position, but some clone manufacturers cut costs and used unkeyed (interchangeable) connectors. Unfortunately, the two power connectors it requires are not easily distinguishable, leading many people to damage their boards when they were improperly connected; when plugged in, the two black wires on each connector must be adjacent to each other, making a row of four consecutive black wires (out of the total 12). Technicians developed mnemonic devices to help assure proper installation, including "black wires together in the middle" and "red and red and you are dead". Variants In 1987, the Baby AT form factor was introduced, based on the motherboard found in the IBM PC/XT 286 (5162) and soon after all computer makers abandoned AT for the cheaper and smaller Baby AT form factor, using it for computers that spanned several generations, from those that used 286 processors to the P5 Pentium and a limited number of Pentium II systems. These motherboards have similar mounting hole positions and the same eight card slot locations as those with the AT form factor, but are wide and marginally shorter than full-size AT boards, with a maximum length of . However, Baby AT boards were mostly shorter than this, typically . The size and flexibility of this kind of motherboard were the key to success of this format. The development of bigger CPU coolers—and the fact that they blocked full-length PCI and ISA cards—spelled the end of Baby AT and was the main impetus for its successor ATX. While the AT standard is now considered to be mostly obsolete, some industrial computers still use it. In 1995, Intel introduced ATX, a form factor which gradually replaced older Baby AT motherboards. During the late 1990s, a great majority of boards were either Baby AT or ATX. Many motherboard manufacturers favored Baby AT over ATX as many computer cases and power supplies in the industry were still designed for AT boards and not ATX boards. Also, the lack of an eighth slot on ATX motherboards kept it from being used in some servers. Later Baby AT boards supported both AT and ATX power connectors in addition to ATX features such as standby power (allowing for a low voltage power switch, as well as Wake-on-LAN/Wake-on-Modem Ring) and USB by use of an ATX Form Card. After the industry shifted to ATX motherboard configurations, it became common to design cases and power supplies to support both Baby AT and ATX motherboards. Power connector The connector at the board is two Molex 15-48-0106 connectors. This mates with a Molex 90331. References External links PC Power Supply Links AT power supply connectors with pinouts PC Magazine At form factor Motherboard form factors

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Gateway netbooks Acer has sold several lines of netbooks under its Gateway brand. AMD-based LT31 The LT31 was released in mid-2009. Employing an AMD Athlon L110 processor and having a Radeon X1270 GPU (M690T chipset) powering its 11.6" display (1,366x768), the system was praised by reviewers as a faster and more "grown-up" alternative to a standard netbook (which typically contain slower Intel Atom processors and reduced specifications throughout). On the other hand, it had worse battery life than Atom-based products. Its US launch price of $399 was judged "a whopping $100 less than the average netbook" by Computer Shopper US, which gave it its "Editor's Choice" award. At the time of the launch, AMD was however unhappy with one its products being used in a netbook, still claiming they had no interest in the netbook market. LT22 Launched in the spring of 2010, the LT22 (together with its very similar brother Acer Aspire One 521) were AMD's entry into the 10-inch netbook field with the Athlon II Neo V105 processor (single core running at 1.2 GHz). Although the Gateway site doesn't list this variant, press reports indicate that the Canadian version of the LT22, launched in August together with the LT32, was powered by the more powerful K125 processor (1.7Ghz) just like its bigger brother. LT32 Launched in mid-2010, the LT32 was a series of "premium netbooks" with 11.6 inch display and powered by an AMD Athlon II Neo K125 processor with an MSRP of $449 in the United States. Engadget described it as "pretty much a rebadge of the Acer Aspire One 721," while a CNET review declared it to be reminiscent of Acer Ferrari One in design. Atom-based LT10 Launched in early 2009, the LT10 was only stylistically different from the 8.9-inch Acer Aspire One. LT20 Launched in Fall 2009, the LT-20 was a 10.1-in netbook series (1024 x 600 screen resolution) powered by Intel Atom N270 or N280 processors. It was basically a rebadged Acer Aspire One D250. The LT2016u model had 3G capability and was the 2nd netbook (after the HP 1151NR) to be made available with a Verizon Wireless contract with a launch price of $149 with a two-year contract. A PCWorld reviewer described the Verizon offering as "no deal at all" because of its hidden costs. LT21 Launched at CES 2010, the LT21 was described as a "shrunken version" of the LT31 by a PCWorld India reviewer, although its specifications were quite different, being a 10.1-inch device powered by an Atom N450 ("Pine Trail"). It was an unremarkable netbook. Anandtech described the LT21 as identical internally with the simultaneously launched Aspire One 532h, itself a complete redesign. LT23 Previewed at Computex 2010 and officially launched in June, the LT23 was slight improvement over the LT21, featuring an N455 Atom processor with DDR3 support and more styling options for the cover. LT28 The LT28 series was an updated 10.1-inch Atom series launched in mid-2011. It included slightly more powerful processors, up to the N570. Amid a struggling genre by then, it was heavily discounted down to $149.99 on Black Friday 2011. LT40 Launched in February 2012, the LT40 series had a 10.1-inch screen (1024 x 600) and was powered by an Atom N2600 or N2800 "Cedar Trail" processor. References External links LT Series: LT10, LT20, LT21, LT22, LT23 LT28, LT31, LT32, LT40 Acer Inc. products

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Table computer A table computer, or a table PC, or a tabletop is a device class of a full-featured large-display portable all-in-one computer with an internal battery. It can either be used on a table's top, hence the name, or carried around the house. Table computers feature an 18-inch or larger multi-touch touchscreen display, a battery capable of at least 2 hours of autonomous work and a full-featured desktop operating system, such as Windows 10. They are typically shipped with pre-installed multi-user touch-enabled casual games and apps, and typically marketed as family entertainment devices. Manufacturers of some table computers provide a specialized graphical user interface to simplify a simultaneous interaction of multiple users, one example is Aura interface, which is installed in Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon tabletop. A number of manufacturers released their own versions of tabletops, some prominent examples are HP Envy Rove 20, Dell XPS 18 and Sony VAIO Tap 20. See also Surface computer References Classes of computers Portable computers All-in-one desktop computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP Compaq tc4400 The HP Compaq TC4400 is a tablet-style personal computer. It can be used in the position of a normal laptop or the screen can be turned and folded down for writing. Specifications As with many manufactured tablets, there are multiple pre-configured models with various options, as well as the ability to customize a model. The following is a list of common specs on current models: Pricing As of November 2006, prices on pre-configured models range from US$1,449 to US$1,849. Creating a custom model can bring the price over US$3,000. Notes Further reading Laptop Magazine's Review Use of the Compaq at a suburban intermediate school References Compaq TC1100 Microsoft Tablet PC

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Huawei MateBook X Pro The Huawei Matebook X Pro is a laptop designed and produced by Huawei. It is part of the Huawei MateBook line of laptops, and has been compared to Apple's MacBook, both in design and interface. Release The Huawei Matebook X Pro laptop was first announced at MWC 2018. An updated version was announced at MWC 2019, but was sold in China only until end of 2019. The model of 2020 was advertised at "Huawei Consumer Business Product and Strategy Virtual Launch" due to cancellation of MWC. Features Software The Huawei Matebook X Pro ships with Windows 10（Home or Pro）, Microsoft's personal computer operating system. Hardware The Huawei Matebook X Pro is the first laptop in Huawei's lineup to feature what the company is calling "FullView" design, giving the laptop a screen to body ratio of 91%. The display is a 13.9-inch LTPS touchscreen with an aspect ratio of 3:2. The resolution is 3000 × 2000 at 260 PPI with a claimed viewing angle of 178 degrees and a maximum brightness of 450 nits. In North America the laptop comes in two configurations with the base model using an 8th-generation Intel Core i5-8250U processor with 8 GB of RAM, 256 GB of SSD storage and Intel UHD Graphics 620 while the higher-end model packs an 8th-generation Intel Core i7-8550U processor with 16 GB of RAM, 512 GB of SSD storage and an dedicated NVIDIA GeForce MX150 with 2 GB GDDR5 memory. Reception The Huawei Matebook X Pro received positive reviews. Dan Seifert from "The Verge" praised the laptop's display, performance and design saying "Huawei’s new MateBook X Pro is the best laptop right now." Seifert also compares the keyboard of the Matebook X Pro to Apple's MacBook Pro saying "The keyboard has low travel (1.22mm), but it’s not as low profile or annoying to type on as the keyboard on a MacBook Pro." Daniel Rubino from "Windows Central" also compared the Matebook X Pro to Apple's MacBook Pro noting, "It may look like a MacBook Pro, but Huawei's latest goes beyond our expectations." concluding that the Matebook X Pro is "An excellent performer with few drawbacks." Technical specifications References Huawei laptops Computer-related introductions in 2018

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Solar notebook A solar notebook or solar laptop is a laptop computer with batteries that are recharged by a solar panel attached to the notebook. Features Unlike regular laptops, some models of solar notebooks come with a flap-like structure which functions as a solar panel and can be removed if required. This generates the electricity required to charge its batteries. Like many other laptops, they may include features such as Internet access, GPS and satellite phones. Other models feature external solar modules connected to the laptop and solar keyboard chargers, where the keyboard looks like a solar sheet with the outline of a keyboard imprinted on it. Samsung has integrated the solar panel in the cover (back side of the display) References Applications of photovoltaics Laptops

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Dell Inspiron 1525 The Inspiron 1525 is a laptop designed and distributed by Dell as part of their Inspiron range. There is also an AMD variant known as the Inspiron 1526. The laptop is the successor to the Inspiron 1520, and was released on January 4, 2008. This computer was available to purchase on the Dell website, where it could be customized to the user's specification. On June 26, 2008, this laptop was followed with the release of the Inspiron 1535, otherwise known as the Dell Studio laptop. On January 6, 2009, the Inspiron 1525 was superseded by the Inspiron 1545, which gives mostly higher-end configuration options at a lower starting price, but lacks features such as the HDMI port, LED indicator lights and two headphone jacks. The laptop was discontinued on February 26, 2009, which left the Inspiron 1545 as Dell's 15-inch budget laptop. Overview After selling in high numbers, the Dell Inspiron 1520 received widespread praise regarding its size, and small screen. The Inspiron 1525 was intended to address some of the issues with the Inspiron 1520. The 1525 has been described by reviewers as weighing approximately six pounds – half a pound lighter than the 1520. This laptop can be considered as a mid-range Dell computer, between the small 1420 model and the expensive XPS M1530 model. The laptop also fixed a perceived flaw that had plagued Inspiron laptops for a decade; they were bulky and boxy, but the Inspiron 1525's chassis used a new edge design that appears on all of Dell's current laptops. System specifications Since the user is able to customize the unit, included hardware varies from laptop to laptop. However, there are several components which are generally fitted as standard in each unit: Processors: Intel Celeron 540, 550 or 560, Intel Pentium Dual-Core T2370, T2390, T2330, T4200, T4500 and the Intel Pentium/Intel Core 2 Duo T5250, T5450, T5550, T5750, T7250, T8100, T8300, T9300 or T9500. Memory: 512 MB, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 GB of shared dual channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 667 MHz Chipset: Intel GM965 Express Chipset Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA X3100 graphics Display: 15.4" widescreen with a 1280 × 800 resolution, 15.4" widescreen with a 1280 × 800 resolution and TrueLife, or a 15.4" widescreen with a 1440 × 900 high resolution and TrueLife Storage: 80, 120, 160, 250 or 320 GB SATA at 5400 RPM HDD Optical drive: 8× tray-load dual-layer DVD+/-RW drive, 2× tray-load Blu-ray disc combo drive or 2x Blu-ray disc burner Battery: 4-cell (28 Whr), 6-cell (56 Whr), or 9-cell (85 Whr) lithium-ion Wi-Fi: Broadcom 4312 based, Dell Wireless 1397 802.11g half mini-card (Previously changed to 1395 802.11b/g full mini-card), or 1490 802.11a/g/n full mini-card (Broadcom 4311 based), or Intel Next-Gen 4965AGN 802.11a/g/n Wi-Fi I/O ports: 1× Fast Ethernet port, 1× 56 kbit/s modem, 1× S-Video output, 4× USB 2.0 ports, 1× Express Card slot, 1× VGA port, 1× HDMI output, 1× FireWire port (optional), 2x headphone jacks, 1x microphone port (optional), and 1× power adapter connector Camera (optional): Integrated 2.0 MP camera The most notable difference between this laptop and its predecessor, is that the 1520 model was fitted with a dedicated graphics card whereas the 1525 is not. It has been speculated that this is an attempt by Dell to appeal to a wider market of computer consumers. In a 2008 processor speed test, the Inspiron 1525 placed 14 out of the 18 tested computers. The touchpad has been upgraded from that of the 1520, with one which is designed to allow faster scrolling through web pages. Strangely this model contains a SIM card slot underneath the battery compartment. However reading data, or using Internet from SIM cards is not possible without a separate wireless modem-card. Software The Inspiron 1525 typically comes with a version of the Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Ubuntu 9.04 Operating System pre-installed. Both 32-bit and 64-bit can work. Ubuntu 12.04 and Linux Debian Wheezy are known to be working out-of-the-box on this model. If it comes with Windows Vista/7, it contains a copy of Office 2007. Compatible Machines Compatible OS(s): Windows XP - Windows 10, Ubuntu 7.10 and newer (Any 9x version of Windows and Windows 2000 will run with issues however Windows 11 can be installed unofficially, it is not recommended with the laptop having low processing power) Compatible Server OS(s) Windows Server 2003 and newer, Ubuntu 7.10 Server and newer Compatible CPU(s): Intel Core 2 Duo/Quad, Pentium Dual Core, Celeron Dual Core BIOS: Dell BIOS A13 - A17 UEFI System: No Upgrade The Inspiron 1525 can be upgraded to Windows 10 32-bit or 64-bit but has no compatibility with Windows 11 due to lack of TPM 2.0 support, however it can be unofficially installed, but the low processing power of the machine wont make it ideal to do so. A fresh installation of Windows 10 64-bit already provides all required drivers for this laptop, including the webcam, SD card reader, WiFi adapter, DVD/CDRW Combo drive, Intel GM965 chipset, on-board Intel graphics and multimedia keys. There are however onboard devices that require addition drivers : The default Microsoft touchpad driver works well, but lacks support of advanced touchpad features and customizations; A Dell touchpad driver can be forced-installed to get access to all touchpad settings (Alps_Touchpad_W8_X02_A01_Setup-W71Y8_ZPE). A few of the keyboard Fn keys don't work (F1,F3 and F8) but full support can be added by installing the Dell QuickSet 64-bit software package (Dell_QuickSet_A07_R272666.exe). The driver for the Dell Wireless 1505 Draft 802.11n WLAN Mini-Card that comes with the Windows 10 64-bit installation is a Microsoft driver (v5.100.245.200, dated 212-03-14). This drivers works but is not very stable and suffers from frequent disconnects. This wifi adapter uses a Broadcom BCM43xx chip. Broadcom released newer driver versions for that chip in 2016, such as the BCM43xx_7.35.317.3 driver released in 2016. This newer Broadcom driver can be force-installed and provides better stability than the 2012 Microsoft driver. The "Display Adapter" driver (for the 965 Express Chipset) that automatically comes with the Windows 10 64-bit installation (directly from Microsoft) is version 8.15.10.2697 (initially released for Windows 8.1 64-bit). This driver seems to have compatibility problems causing sporadic (but minor) graphics corruptions in the desktop UI elements, especially after coming out of sleep. Reverting to the latest driver available from the Intel website, i.e. v8.15.10.1930 (initially released for Windows 7 64-bit) seems to reduce the occurrence. But there's no proof yet the Video Driver is the source of this corruption problem. We would need more data to come with an official conclusion on this. This computer has two DDR2 SODIMM slots and can be upgraded to 6GB of RAM, with a set of 2GB and 4GB modules. Both 667Mhz and 800Mhz modules are supported (PC2-5300 or PC2-6400). Graphics cannot be upgraded due to being integration to the mainboard. Processors can be upgraded to any Socket P Intel Core2 Duo mobile processor in the T8x00 series, and to certain T9x00 series processors whose FSB speed is limited to 800 MT/Sec. Other software Other software provided with the laptop includes: Dell MediaDirect media player Microsoft Works office suite Roxio Creator DVD/CD authoring software On February 18, 2008, it was announced that Ubuntu 7.10 would be available as an optional operating system for the laptop this since was shipped with Ubuntu 9.04 until support ended. Customization The user is able to decide which components they wish to be included, during the ordering process, by selecting from a range of hardware on the website. These possible components include a range of processors, operating systems, graphics cards, a webcam and various other peripherals. In addition, Bluetooth and an integrated mobile broadband card can also be installed upon request, and the default battery can be replaced with an alternative. Reception The Inspiron 1525 has received a great deal of positive attention. General computer users welcomed the relatively low price, as well as the easily accessible volume control keys, and hardware reviewers have praised the customizability of the laptop, as well as its system specifications and light frame. In general, users have made positive reference to the screen, with some describing the display as "flawless", as well as the inclusion of a webcam and dual headphone jacks. Some reviewers claim that the battery life is a good point of the system. Despite being a high-selling model, and receiving a large amount of positive feedback, the Inspiron 1525 has also attracted some level of criticism. Some critics feel that the sound quality is unfit for a recently produced laptop, claiming "raspy-sounding speakers take some of the shine off the 1525's entertainment appeal", whereas others have criticized the system's performance and battery life. The wireless switch is located on the right side of the bottom half, close to the front and is easily overlooked. Prominent placement near the volume and media controls would be much easier for users to find. The positioning of the cooling fans render the laptop incapable of supporting high-end graphics cards. Some users have encountered technical problems, many of which center around the webcam and built-in microphone. A common complaint is that the supplied fan is irritatingly loud, and many users have tried to rectify it on their own. The placement of the headphone jacks on the front of the unit leads to inconvenient trailing wires when external speakers are connected. A touchpad design flaw causes the button to stick, requiring the replacement of the entire palmrest assembly. Users have also reported numerous hard drive problems, many related to overheating. Noteworthy hardware issues The Inspiron 1525 utilizes a single heat sink to dissipate heat away from the CPU & GPU. The Inspiron 1525 is not the only model that uses a single copper alloy conduit, it is one of the more common. The Inspiron 1525, models affected will combine the Intel Core 2 or Intel Dual Core CPU's. CPU/GPU degradation (over time) due, primarily to extended overheating. While fan failure & vent blockages will exacerbate these issues, these issues, in addition to general component failures from extended periods of overheating beyond components tested safety margins. Generally causing product component failure, in some cases even fire hazard. It is recommended that you read & understand the DELL INC., *technical article, should you experience these issues. Dell Support Article. For both the 1525 and 1526, a low CMOS battery can prevent the computer from operating properly. Replacement when done the "right" way requires removal of the main board, as the CMOS is located on its underside. However, there is a method that involves shimming the case open and using an angled pick to remove and replace the battery, but this method can lead to casement damage if done without care. See also Dell Inspiron laptops Dell Studio Laptop List of laptop brands and manufacturers References Inspiron 1525

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Fit-PC The fit-PC is a small, light, fan-less nettop computer manufactured by the Israeli company CompuLab. Many fit-PC models are available. fit-PC 1.0 was introduced in July 2007, fit-PC Slim was introduced in September 2008, fit-PC 2 was introduced in May 2009, fit-PC 3 was introduced in early 2012, and fit-PC 4 was introduced spring 2014. The device is power-efficient (fit-PC 1 was about 5 W) and therefore considered to be a green computing project, capable of using open source software and creating minimal electronic waste. Current models fit-PC2 On February 19, 2009, Compulab announced the fit-PC2, which is "a major upgrade to the fit-PC product line". Detailed specifications for the fit-PC2 include an Intel Atom Z5xx Silverthorne processor (1.1/1.6/2.0 GHz options), up to 2GB of RAM, 160GB SATA Hard Drive, GigaBit LAN and more. The fit-PC2 is also capable of HD video playback. Its declared power consumption is only 6W, and according to the manufacturer, it saves 96% of the power used by a standard desktop. fit-PC2 is the most power efficient PC on the Energy-Star list. The fit-PC2 is based on the GMA 500 (Graphics Media Accelerator). Unfortunately the open source driver included in Linux kernel 2.6.39 does not support VA-API video or OpenGL/3D acceleration. The fit-PC2 is being phased out and is being replaced by the fitlet, the fitlet was designed to replace the groundbreaking (and still popular) CompuLab fit-PC2. fit-PC2i On December 2, 2009, Compulab announced the fit-PC2i, a fit-PC2 variation targeting networking and industrial applications. fit-PC2i adds a second Gbit Ethernet port, Wake-on-LAN, S/PDIF output and RS232 port, has two fewer USB ports, and no IR. fit-PC3 The fit-PC3 has been released early 2012. See the fit-PC3 article. fit-PC4 The fit-PC4 has been released spring 2014. fitlet The fitlet has been announced January 14, 2015. It has 3 CPU/SoC variations, and 5 feature variations, though only 7 models have been announced so far. Obsolete models fit-PC Slim On September 16, 2008, Compulab announced the Fit-PC Slim, which at 11 x 10 x 3 cm is smaller than fit-PC 1.0. Hardware fit-PC Slim uses 500 MHz AMD Geode LX800 processor and has 512mb soldered-on RAM. The computer includes a VGA output, a serial port with a custom connector, Ethernet, b/g WLAN, and 3 USB ports (2 on the front panel). The system has an upgradeable 2.5" 60GB ATA hard drive. Software fit-PC Slim has General Software BIOS supporting PXE and booting from a USB CDROM or USB thumb drive. It is pre-installed with either Windows Vista or with Ubuntu 8.10 and Gentoo Linux 2008.0 . Also Windows Embedded can be used, or pre-installed on a FlowDrive. Availability The fit-PC Slim end-of-life was announced on 19 June 2009 with the general availability of fit-PC2. fit-PC 1.0 fit-PC 1.0 is an earlier model that has the following differences Limited to 256mb RAM No Wi-Fi Dual 100BaseT Ethernet Larger form factor - 12 x 11.6 x 4 cm Only 2 USB ports Hard disk is upgradeable No power button and indicator LEDs 5 V power supply See also Trim-Slice, an ARM mini-computer also made by CompuLab Industrial PC Media center (disambiguation) Media PC Nettop References External links fit-PC website Compulab website fit-PC Australia website fit-PC2 Users forum fit-PC US Website Computers and the environment Israeli brands Linux-based devices Nettop Products introduced in 2007

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Sony Vaio FJ The Sony Vaio FJ series is a 14.1-inch notebook designed for Windows XP and the FJ270, FJ290, FJ330,FJ370 models in particular, are designed for Windows Vista. The FJ Series uses only the Pentium M processors using the Sonoma platform of Intel Centrino. The VAIO FJ has a thin, 14.1" wide screen display with Sony's original XBRITE-ECO LCD technology and it has a built-in Motion Eye web camera above the screen in the bezel. Low end FJ Sony released a low end edition of FJ series. This was much cheaper and available from US$800, but it didn't include a built in camera, and used Intel Celeron (1.60 GHz) processor instead of the more powerful Centrino CPU (1.90 or 2.33 GHz). It also included a 60GB hard drive instead of the usual 100GB. This model sold well in the Asian market. FJ Market The FJ series was first targeted as a home/work computer as the FJ190 but the FJ270/370 which was the most powerful edition was for home/work/student computer the FJ290 which had inferior specifications was the "colors" computer because it was available in five color which were later expanded to 9 colors when VAIO 10th anniversary special edition appeared in Japan the FJ series called F light is available in different colors than in America and was TV capable using Windows Media Center. F light series are starting to be replaced by the C series like in America. Specifications Intel Centrino Processor 750 or Centrino Napa (Intel Core Solo)(newer models such as FJ270 or FJ370) 1.86 GHz SPEED 1GB (PC2-4200 512MB x 2) RAM MEMORY 100GB SATA HARD DRIVE WXGA Screen with 14.1” XBRITE - Res: 1280×800 MULTIMEDIA CARD READER (Memory Stick (with MagicGate functionality) Memory Stick PRO (with MagicGate functionality) Memory Stick Duo (with MagicGate functionality) PCMCIA (Type I and Type II card slot with CardBus support) Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 915 or 950 with 128MB (dynamically allocated shared RAM/video memory) 1 MP built in webcam Wifi 802.11b/n BATTERY LIFE: Windows XP: 1.5 to 3.5hr Windows Vista: 1.2 to 2.5hr External links Review of the FJ Vaio Article about the Sony FJ Vaio VAIO Custom Laptop See also VAIO Fj

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo Essential desktops Lenovo’s line of Essential desktops is a collection of budget-conscious machines designed for consumers, and advertised as being "affordable, space saving, and energy efficient". The Essential desktop line is different from both Lenovo’s ThinkCentre line and Lenovo’s IdeaCentre line. Lenovo defines its ThinkCentre desktops as business-oriented computers, while the IdeaCentre desktops are meant primarily for entertainment. The Essential range of desktops can be categorized as being between the two – meant more for ordinary everyday use. The Essential desktops are frequently (and erroneously) referred to as IdeaCentre desktops. For example, Desktop Review indicated that the C300 was an IdeaCentre. However, the Lenovo U.S. Web site indicates that the C300 is part of their value line, or ‘Essential’ line. The only brand associated with these desktops is ‘Lenovo’ – ‘Essential’ represents a range of products and is not a brand in itself. Product series There are two lines of Lenovo-branded desktops sold under the ‘Essential’ banner. These are: C Series H Series C Series The Lenovo C Series desktops launched by Lenovo are the C100, C200, C300, and C315. 2010 The Lenovo C Series desktops launched in 2010 were the C200 and C315. C200 The C200 was an All-in-one (AIO) desktop launched by Lenovo in April 2010. Hardware Bistro indicated that the desktop had entry-level specifications, making it more affordable than the B500. The review also indicated that the desktop’s unique selling point was its 18.5 inch Touchscreen display. The desktop was made available with the Intel Atom D510 processor, 2GB of RAM, and could be configured for up to 500GB storage capacity. The desktop offered options for both integrated and discrete graphics. The integrated graphics option on offer was Intel GMA 3150, while the discrete graphics option was the NVIDIA Ion graphics card with 256MB of video RAM. Additional features on the desktop included a DVD multiburner, an integrated Web camera, integrated stereo speakers, LAN, and WiFi. C315 The C315 was released in 2010 by Lenovo. In its review, silentpcreview said that the “C315 is one of the more interesting all-in-one PCs with which we've crossed paths.” The C315 was equipped with an AMD Athlon II X2 250u processor – a low voltage processor with a speed of 1.6 GHz. The hard disk storage capacity on the desktop was 500GB. The desktop also offered discrete graphics, with an ATI Mobility Radeon HD4530 graphics card. The desktop also offered 4GB of DDR2 RAM and a slim dual-layer DVD writer. Detailed specifications of the desktop are given below: Chipset: AMD 690M ATSC Tuner: Built-in Networking: 10/100 Ethernet, 802.11g Card Reader: 6-in-1 Webcam: 0.3 megapixel (maximum resolution of 640x480) USB Ports: 6 USB 2.0 Operating System: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional x64 Dimensions: 19.05 x 14.12 x 2.56 inches Weight: 16.3 lbs 2009 The Lenovo C Series desktops launched in 2009 by Lenovo were the C100 and C300. C100 Announced in September 2009, the C100 was an All-in-one (AIO) desktop designed for consumer use. The 18.5 inch display was 2 inches deep, with an aspect ratio of 16:9. The desktop also included software such as Lenovo’s OneKey Antivirus and OneKey Recovery that allowed one-button system scanning and restoration. The dimensions of the desktop were 18.5 x 14.5 x 4 inches. The desktop also was made available with options for either Intel Atom 230 single core processors, or Intel Atom 330 dual core processors. In addition, the desktop also included a DVD reader/writer and four USB ports. C300 The C300 was an AIO launched in 2009 as part of Lenovo’s Essential product line. Desktop Review listed the pros of the desktop as the good 20-inch display with a resolution of 1600x900, the 3.5 inch hard disk drive, and the optional discrete graphics. The cons were listed as the keyboard, and the standard single core Intel Atom 230 1.6 GHz processor. The desktop’s dimensions were 19.05 x 14.12 x 3.28 inches. Additional specifications of the desktop are as follows: Operating system: Windows Vista Home Basic Memory: 3GB DDR2 Hard drive: 320GB Optical drive: 8X DVD+/-RW Audio: Integrated HD audio Speakers: built-in Graphics: Intel GMA 950 Wireless networking: 802.11b/g Card reader: Built-in SDHC memory card reader H Series The Lenovo H Series desktops launched by Lenovo are the H200, H210, H215, H230, H320, and H405. 2011 The Lenovo H Series desktops released in 2011 were the H215, H220, and H320. H215 The H215 offered AMD Athlon II X2 dual core processors, 2GB of DDR3 RAM, and a 320GB hard disk drive. Additional, detailed specifications for the H215 are given below: Chipset: AMD 760G Graphics: ATI Radeon HD 3000 (integrated) Optical drive: dual layer DVD reader/writer Audio: integrated HD audio Media Card reader: integrated, 16-in-1 Operating system: Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium (32-bit) USB ports: 6 USB 2.0 H220 The specifications of the H220 desktop are as follows: Operating System: DOS Processor: 3 GHz Intel E5500 RAM: 2GB DDR3 Storage: 320GB Optical drive: DVD reader/writer H320 The H320 was a small form factor desktop in the Lenovo H Series desktop line released in 2011. Desktop review called the H320 “a little - but not too little - box that does it all”. Desktop Review listed the pros of the desktop as the Blu-ray drive, the Intel Core i5 processor, and the small form factor. The cons were indicated to be the low graphics capabilities, few USB ports, and the lack of wireless networking. Detailed specifications of the desktop are given below: Processor: 3.20 GHz Intel Core i5-650 RAM: 6GB DDR3 Storage: 640GB 7200 RPM SATA2 Operating system: Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit Optical drive: Blu-ray ROM DVD reader/writer Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce 310 2010 The Lenovo H Series desktop launched in 2010 was the H230. H230 The H230 was launched at the same time as the Lenovo IdeaCentre K300 desktop. The desktop offered an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, Intel GMA integrated graphics, 4GB of RAM, a 640GB hard disk drive, and a DVD reader/writer. 2009 The Lenovo H Series desktops released in 2009 were the H200 and the H210. H200 The H200 was announced by Lenovo at CES 2009. It offered the Intel Atom 230 processor, 1GB of RAM, and a 160GB hard disk drive. It was Lenovo’s first desktop with the low power Intel Atom processor. The CPU incorporated a fanless design, minimizing desktop noise and, according to tech2, made the H200 Lenovo’s quietest desktop. The display was 15.4 inch Thin-film Transistor (TFT) screen. H210 The Lenovo H210 was also released in 2009 as part of the Essential range of desktops. PCWorld listed the pros of the desktop as above average performance for a desktop that cost less than US$500. The cons were listed as average expandability. Although PCWorld reported that the desktop was “one of the better sub-$500 systems”, it was reported not to handle games well. The inability to handle games came from the integrated graphics – Intel GMA 3100 graphics. The H210 could not run PCWorld’s Unreal Tournament 3 benchmark and offered only 24 frames per second on Far Cry (at a resolution of 1280x1024 with no antialiasing). Additional specifications of the H210 include: Processor: 2.5 GHz Intel Pentium Dual Core E5200 RAM: 4GB DDR2-667 Storage: 500GB Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium (32 bit) PCI Express x16 slot: 1 PCI Express x1 slot: 2 PCI slot: 1 Optical drivel: DVD reader/writer USB ports: 6 2008 The Lenovo H Series desktop released in 2008 was the H215. H215 The H215, released in October 2008, was an entry-level addition to Lenovo’s Essential line of budget PCs. It was praised for its large storage capacity - a total of 1TB. While performance was reported by About.com to be "decent", it was indicated that options to upgrade the desktop were limited. This was due to the low-wattage power supply commonly used in small form factor PCs as opposed to traditional tower PCs. Another point not in the desktop's favor was the recessed optical drive. This was described by About.com as being difficult to open and appearing out of place. Detailed specification of the desktop are as follows: Processor: AMD Athlon II X2 250 Dual Core RAM: 4GB PC3-8500 DDR3 Storage: 1TB 7200rpm SATA Hard Drive Optical drive: 16x DVD+/-RW Dual Layer Burner Graphics: ATI Radeon HD 3000 Integrated Graphics Processor Audio: 7.1 Audio Support Ports and slots: six USB 2.0, HDMI, VGA, 16-in-1 Card Reader References Lenovo personal computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook 3400c The PowerBook 3400c is a laptop computer in the PowerBook line manufactured by Apple Computer, Inc. from February to November 1997. It was, briefly, the fastest laptop in the world. Using the PowerPC 603e processor running at speeds of up to 240 MHz, this PowerBook was the first to feature a PCI architecture, EDO memory, and a 64-bit wide, 40 MHz internal bus. It was also the first PowerBook to feature a PC card slot capable of being used as a zoomed video port. Like all Apple laptops since the PowerBook 500 series, it featured a built-in trackpad as the pointing device. Specifications The PowerBook 3400c series was issued in three different models, distinguished primarily by their processor speed. The base model ran at 180 MHz, and the two higher end models ran at 200 MHz and 240 MHz. Thus, the different models were referred to as the 3400c/180, 3400c/200, and 3400c/240. The 3400c/180 model was usually sold with only a built-in modem and a floppy drive; all 3400c/200 and 3400c/240 machines came with a built-in modem/Ethernet combination port and hot-swappable 1.4 MB floppy disk and CD drives. The only other difference between them was the capacity of the hard drive, ranging from 1.3 to 3.0 GB depending on the model. Names Prior to the PowerBook 3400c series, the names of PowerBooks reflected (among other things) the type of screen they had installed. For example, the PowerBook 1400cs had a passive matrix screen, and the 1400c an active matrix screen. Because all PowerBook 3400c computers came with the same 16-bit color, active matrix screen, the "c" designation at the end of the PowerBook 3400c name was somewhat superfluous, and is often dropped, even by Apple itself, for example in the user's manual. The internal code name used for the PowerBook 3400c during development was "Hooper", named so after the dog of one of the product design engineers. Industrial design In terms of industrial design the PowerBook 3400c owed much to the earlier PowerBook 5300 series. There were some key changes made, however, including the larger LCD screen; a wider removable drive bay allowing the use of CD readers; and a curved display housing that allowed for the inclusion of a second set of loudspeakers. The first generation of G3 PowerBooks retained the same external appearance as the PowerBook 3400c. CardBus compatibility Like the PowerBook 5300 series, the 3400s came with a pair of PC card slots, but whereas those on the 5300s were strictly 16-bit device compatible, those on the 3400s were, at least in theory, compatible with 32-bit CardBus cards being based around the 32-bit Texas Instruments PCI1130 PC card controller. In reality, the PC card slots were designed to physically accept only 16-bit cards, though many users have managed to get a variety of CardBus cards to work with them. Using CardBus cards allows 3400 Series PowerBooks to be used with, for example, USB devices like printers and FireWire devices such as iPods. Models References External links Low End Mac: PowerBook 3400c Classic Macs at MyMac.com: PowerBook 3400 Apple Technical Specifications: PowerBook 3400/180 Specifications 3400/200 Specifications 3400/240 Specifications PowerBook 3400c Digital Picture Frame 3400c PowerPC Macintosh computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

MacBook The MacBook is a brand of Macintosh notebook computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. that use Apple's macOS operating system since 2006. It replaced the PowerBook and iBook brands during the Mac transition to Intel processors, announced in 2005. The current lineup consists of the MacBook Air (2008–present) and the MacBook Pro (2006–present). Two different lines simply named "MacBook" existed from 2006 to 2012 and 2015 to 2019. On November 10, 2020, Apple announced models of the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro incorporating the new Apple M1 system on a chip. Now the latest generation of Apple's chip is the M1 Pro and M1 Max only available on the MacBooks Pro (14" and 16") Overview The MacBook family was initially housed in designs similar to the iBook and PowerBook lines which preceded them, now making use of a unibody aluminum construction first introduced with the MacBook Air. This new construction also has a black plastic keyboard that was first used on the MacBook Air, which itself was inspired by the sunken keyboard of the original polycarbonate MacBooks. The now standardized keyboard brings congruity to the MacBook line, with black keys on a metallic aluminum body. The lids of the MacBook family are held closed by a magnet with no mechanical latch, a design element first introduced with the polycarbonate MacBook. Memory, drives, and batteries were accessible in the old MacBook lineup, though the newest compact lineup solders or glues all such components in place. All of the current MacBooks feature backlit keyboards. The MacBook was discontinued from February 2012 until March 2015, when a new model featuring an ultraportable design and an all-metal enclosure was introduced. It was again discontinued in July 2019 following a price reduction of the 3rd generation MacBook Air and discontinuation of the 2nd generation model. MacBook family models Current MacBook Air The MacBook Air is Apple's least expensive notebook computer. While the 1st generation was released as a premium ultraportable positioned above the 2006 - 2012 MacBook, lowered prices on subsequent iterations and the discontinuation of that MacBook has made it serve as the entry-level Macintosh portable. The 2010 to 2017 base model came with a 13-inch screen and was Apple's thinnest notebook computer until the introduction of the MacBook in March 2015. This MacBook Air model features two USB Type-A 3.0 ports and a Thunderbolt 2 port, as well as an SDXC card slot (only on the 13inch model). This model of MacBook Air did not have a Retina Display. A MacBook Air model with an 11-inch screen was available from October 2010 to October 2016. In 2017, the MacBook Air received a small refresh, with the processor speed increased to 1.8 GHz. On October 30, 2018, the MacBook Air underwent a major design change, dropping the USB Type-A ports, MagSafe, and the SD card slot in favor of two USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 ports and a headphone jack. It was updated with a Retina display and Intel Y-series Amber Lake i5 CPUs, as well as a Force Touch trackpad, a third-generation butterfly mechanism keyboard, and the Touch ID sensor found in the fourth-generation MacBook Pro, but without the Touch Bar. The base price was also raised, although the base configuration of the 2017 model was retained until July 9, 2019, when it was discontinued along with the Retina MacBook. The base price of this model was also dropped to $1099 ($999 for students) on the same day. On November 10, 2020, Apple announced that the MacBook Air would use the new Apple M1 system on a chip. The new Air does not have a fan, ensuring silent operation, but limiting the M1 chip speed in sustained operations. Performance was claimed to be higher than most current Intel laptops. MacBook Pro The MacBook Pro is Apple's higher-end notebook available in both 13-inch and 16-inch configurations. The current generation 13-inch MacBook Pro was introduced in October 2018. It features a touch-sensitive OLED display strip located in place of the function keys, a Touch ID sensor integrated with the power button, and four USB-C ports that also serve as Thunderbolt 3 ports. The 13-inch model was also available in a less expensive configuration with conventional function keys and only two USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 ports, but since July 2019, the base MacBook Pro model has the Touch Bar as well as quad-core processors, similar to the higher-end models, although it still has only two USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports. The May 4, 2020 refresh adopts many of the upgrades seen in the 16" 2019 MacBook Pro, including the scissor mechanism keyboard ("Magic Keyboard") and a physical Escape button. On November 13, 2019, Apple released the 16-inch MacBook Pro, replacing the 15-inch model of the previous generation, and replacing the butterfly keyboard with a scissor mechanism keyboard (dubbed the Magic Keyboard by Apple), reverting to the old "inverted-T" arrow key layout, replacing the virtual Escape key on the Touch Bar with a physical key, and replacing the AMD Polaris and Vega graphics from the 15-inch model with options from AMD's Navi graphics architecture, as well as reengineering the speakers, microphone array, and the thermal system compared to the 15-inch; the latter had thermal limitations in the 15-inch model due to its design. In addition, the 16-inch is available with up to 64 GB of DDR4 2667 MHz RAM and up to 8 TB of SSD storage. It also has a 100 Wh battery; this is the largest battery that can be easily carried onto a commercial airliner under U.S. Transportation Security Administration rules. On November 10, 2020, Apple announced a new model of the MacBook Pro incorporating the new Apple M1 system on a chip. Apple will continue to sell versions of the MacBook Pro with Intel processors. The MacBook Pro with M1 SoC incorporates a fan, allowing sustained operation of the M1 chip at its full performance level, which is claimed to match or exceed that of Intel versions. Unlike Intel Pro models, the M1 version only comes with a 13-inch screen, has only two Thunderbolt ports and has a maximum of 16 GB random access memory (RAM). On October 18, 2021, Apple announced updated 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro models during an online event. They are based on the M1 Pro and M1 Max, Apple's first professional-focused ARM-based systems on a chip. This release addressed many criticisms of the previous generation by reintroducing hard function keys in place of the Touch Bar, an HDMI 2.0 port, a SDXC reader and MagSafe charging. Other additions include a Liquid Retina XDR display with thinner bezels and an iPhone-like notch, ProMotion supporting 120Hz variable refresh rate, a 1080p webcam, Wi-Fi 6, 3 Thunderbolt 4 ports, a six-speaker sound system supporting Dolby Atmos, and support for a third 6K display on M1 Max models. The 16-inch version is bundled with a 140W GaN power supply that supports USB-C Power Delivery 3.1, though only MagSafe supports full-speed charging as the machine's USB-C ports are limited to 100W. Discontinued It was discontinued on July 20, 2011, for consumer purchase and in February 2012 for institutions, being superseded by the 2nd generation MacBook Air, as the 11-inch model introduced in 2010 had the same starting price of the MacBook. The sales of the Mac computers amounted to 18.21 million units in Apple’s 2018 fiscal year. The Retina MacBook was a line of Macintosh portable computers introduced in March 2015. It was discontinued on July 9, 2019, as it had been superseded by the 13-inch Retina MacBook Air, which had a lower base price ($1,299 for the MacBook, $1,199 for the 2018 MacBook Air, and $1,099 for the 2019 MacBook Air), additional USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports (the MacBook has only one USB-C port vs two USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports on the MacBook Air), and better performance. All Intel-based MacBook Air and MacBook Pro models were discontinued in November 2020 and October 2021 respectively, and replaced by Apple silicon models. Comparisons Sales See also Comparison of Macintosh models MacBook Air MacBook Pro References X86 Macintosh computers Consumer electronics brands

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad T20 series The IBM ThinkPad T20 series was a series of notebook computers introduced in May 2000 by IBM as the successor of the 600 series and the first model of the T-series which exists today under Lenovo ownership. Four models were produced, the T20, T21, T22, and T23; the series was succeeded in May 2002 by the ThinkPad T30, but was produced until July 2003. Features The T20 series succeeded the 600 series, adding new features such as S-Video output, an Ethernet port, and the UltraBay 2000 hot-swappable bay. The graphics card was upgraded from the 4MB NeoMagic 256ZX which was used in the 600X, to an 8MB S3 Savage (16MB on T23 models) which was capable of rendering 3D graphics in hardware. The ThinkPad T23 was also the first ThinkPad laptop model to offer an optional WiFi connection via a Mini-PCI card, using wireless antennas which were built into the lid on select upper-end models. The T20 series originally shipped with either Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Linux, with later T23 models shipping with Windows XP. All T20 models were capable of running Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0, OS/2 Warp 4, or Windows Me as well as various Linux distributions. Additionally, the T23 was capable of running Windows Vista or Windows 7, if equipped with at least 512MB of memory. One common problem of the earlier T20 series was a hardware defect which caused the machine to suddenly stop working and begin blinking the hard drive and power indicators. The machine would not power on. This became known as the "Blink of Death". In addition, on some T23 models, the rear memory slot could fail, rendering the machine only able to use up to 512MB of memory, rather than 1GB. Another common issue with the T23 was that one of the coils, near the CPU, could break off the motherboard due to cold solder joints. This caused multiple issues, including the inability to boot or hard lockup/freeze. Models ThinkPad T20 - First model shipped, featured a Pentium III at 650, 700 or 750 MHz, all with SpeedStep technology. This model shipped with either a 13.3" XGA TFT or 14.1" XGA TFT display, and shipped with an external floppy drive, a swappable CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, and a choice of a 6GB, 12GB, or a 20GB hard drive. The T20 also had optional Ethernet (consumer installable via mini-PCI on all models), one USB 1.1 port, PC Card Slot, and an S-Video output as standard features, and shipped with 128MB of RAM (upgradeable to 512MB using PC100 SODIMMs) ThinkPad T21 - Featuring an upgraded Pentium III processor at either 750 MHz, 800 MHz, or 850 MHz, the T21 featured either a 13.3" XGA TFT, 14.1" XGA TFT, or a new 14.1" SXGA+ TFT display (exclusive to 850 MHz models). This model shipped with a swappable CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, and a choice of a 10GB, 20GB or 32GB hard drive. The T21 features either a mini-PCI modem card or an Ethernet/modem combo card, one USB 1.1 port, PC Card Slot, and 128MB of RAM standard (upgradeable to 512MB using PC100 SODIMMs). ThinkPad T22 - Featuring an upgraded Pentium III processor at either 800 MHz, 900 MHz, or 1.00 GHz, the T22 featured either a 13.3" XGA TFT, 14.1" XGA TFT, or 14.1" SXGA+ TFT display as standard. This model shipped a mini-PCI modem card or an Ethernet/modem combo card, one USB 1.1 port, PC Card Slot, a swappable CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, either a 10GB, 20GB or 32GB hard drive, and 128MB or 256MB of RAM standard (upgradeable to 512MB using PC100 SODIMMs). ThinkPad T23 - The final model of the T20 series, featuring the new Tualatin Pentium III-M at either 866 MHz, 1.00 GHz, 1.13 GHz, or 1.20 GHz (all with SpeedStep technology) and either a 13.3" XGA TFT, 14.1" XGA TFT, or 14.1" SXGA+ TFT display as standard. This model shipped with 2 USB 1.1 ports rather than only one, a 15GB to 60GB hard drive, a Mini-PCI Modem or Wireless card (on select models), a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD-RW or combo (CD-RW/DVD) drive, and either 128MB or 256MB of RAM standard (upgradeable to 1GB using PC133 SODIMMs). Comparison See also ThinkPad T Series References ThinkPad T20 T20 series

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM ThinkPad 760 IBM ThinkPad 760 was a notebook computer introduced in 1995 by the IBM corporation into the market as part of the ThinkPad 700-series. It was succeeded in 1998 by the ThinkPad 770 series. Features The 760-series of the IBM ThinkPad was available at the time of its production as the most state of the art notebook available to the public by IBM. It featured the most advanced in mobile technology, and came standard with the latest of hardware available to laptops and notebooks of its time. It used the Intel Pentium processor, and utilized EDO RAM soldered onto the motherboard to prevent booting without usable RAM, and the ability to easily exchange critical hardware components, such as the Hard Drive, Battery, Option hardware that can fit in the UltraBay, and the RAM. This model also featured the unique keyboard that could slide upward on the back side on rails to "flip up" towards the user and provide a more ergonomic feel. Models Note – the "D" in the model number signifies the machine had the updated chassis with provision for fitment of a CD-ROM drive, or when using an adapter plate, an internal floppy disk drive. The models without the "D" didn't officially come with the updated chassis. IBM ThinkPad 760C – Was the first model shipped, with the original 90/120 MHz Pentium processor. This shipped with a Floppy Drive, 810 MB hard disk drive, and Windows 3.1 preinstalled. It had 8 MB RAM (which was soldered onto the motherboard), with an option of upgrading. There was also the option of having a modem built in for internet connection, and a choice of 10.4" or 12.1" TFT displays, both with a maximum resolution of 800x600. IBM ThinkPad 760CD – Produced as a small improvement over the original 760C, again with the improved 90/120 MHz Pentium processor and option of RAM expansion. The chassis was updated to allow the standard fitment of in internal CD-ROM drive. IBM ThinkPad 760CDV – Similar to the 760CD, this unique model had a removable back cover on the LCD that would permit light to shine through for use on an overhead projector. IBM ThinkPad 760L – With the original 90/120 MHz Pentium processor. This shipped with a floppy drive, 810 MB hard drive, and Windows 3.1 preinstalled. It had 8 MB RAM (which was soldered onto the motherboard), with an option of upgrading. There was also the option of 10.4" or 12.1" TFT displays, both with a maximum resolution of 800x600. These are effectively a 760C machine, but without the improved sound card/DSP. IBM ThinkPad 760LD – Produced as a small improvement over the original 760L, again with the improved 90/120 MHz Pentium processor and option of RAM expansion. The chassis was updated to allow the standard fitment of in internal CD-ROM drive. IBM ThinkPad 760E – This was the much improved model to be released, with the RAM expansion module standard and the better-performing 120/133/150 MHz Pentium. This was shipped with a Floppy Drive and allowed for up to a 2.1 GB hard drive option. This model also included Windows 95 as an option. This model also came with a RAM expansion module which had an additional 8 MB RAM to total 16 MB of usable RAM, and had 2 slots on it to allow up to 80 MB RAM to be installed (2x32 MB RAM modules in addition to the standard 8/16 MB). This option will be in all later 760 models. This model also introduced the option of a CD-ROM drive, these laptops can be distinguished with a modified front. It also had the option of an enhanced 12.1" TFT display with a maximum resolution of 1024x768. IBM ThinkPad 760ED – This featured the CD-ROM edition of Windows 95 preinstalled which included Internet Explorer 2.0. This also featured software options and improved services over that of the 760E, including an enhanced video card with MPEG2 hardware decoding and a DSP card with built-in modem/fax functionality. IBM ThinkPad 760EL – Was made alongside the 760ED, but standard configurations were of lower specification. 100/120/133 MHz processors, and the option of 12.1" 800x600 TFT or 11.3" 800x600 DSTN displays, with 810 MB – 1.2 GB hard drives. IBM ThinkPad 760ELD – Every one of these made featured the modified front to fit the CD-ROM, but still offered a Floppy Drive option which would include a specially built bezel that fits in the front to help the floppy drive fit correctly. These featured all the options and services the 760EL offered. IBM ThinkPad 760XL – Basically an SVGA+ screen version of the 760XD and without the DSP. Released 1997. Maximum RAM of 104MB. IBM ThinkPad 760XD – This model, released in 1997, offered an XGA screen and received the more recently developed 166 MHz Intel Pentium MMX proccesor. A far improved model version of the 760. This model featured 48 MB RAM standard and a CD-ROM standard. Offered a 2.1 GB and 3.0 GB hard drive option and came pre-installed with Windows 95. The 760XD is also used on the International Space Station. IBM ThinkPad 765D/L – This was the last of the 760 series made, featuring a 13.3" XGA screen, Pentium MMX processor rated at 166 MHz, and a maximum of 104 MB of RAM. Model Comparison References http://download.lenovo.com/ibmdl/pub/pc/pccbbs/mobiles/vol4hmm.pdf External links ThinkPad 760ED: The Business Laptop With a Quirky Keyboard! ThinkPad 760 760

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Compaq LTE Lite The LTE Lite was a series of notebook-sized laptops under the LTE line manufactured by Compaq from 1992 to 1994. The first entries in the series were Compaq's first computers after co-founder Rod Canion's ousting and Eckhard Pfeiffer's tenure as the new CEO. The notebooks were co-developed and manufactured by Compaq and Citizen Watch of Japan. They were a hot-seller for Compaq and spanned multiple models, with various processors and liquid-crystal display technologies. Development The LTE Lite series was the second generation of LTE, a notebook family introduced three years earlier in 1989. The first two entries in the LTE Lite series, the LTE Lite/20 and the LTE Lite/25, were the first computers released under Eckhard Pfeiffer's tenure as CEO. Pfeiffer assumed the position on October 24, 1991; he replaced Compaq co-founder Rod Canion, who was ousted from the company a day after the company posted its first quarterly loss—$70.3 million—leading to Compaq's first ever round of layoffs. The LTE Lites improved the battery life and quality of its liquid-crystal display panels while reducing weight. The LTE Lite/20 and LTE Lite/25 introduced suspend and hibernation modes, as well as a BIOS password and a Kensington slot for added security. An internal modem, 9600-baud, was made an option for the first time in a Compaq notebook with these two machines. Starting with the LTE Lite/25C and LTE Lite/25E, a trackball was built into the display housing on the right side, with the left- and right-click buttons on the reverse side of the housing. Manufacturing of the LTE Lites was initially performed at Compaq's plant in Houston, Texas. Compaq used Citizen Watch of Japan as manufacturer for its monochrome passive-matrix LCDs and as a second source for manufacturing of the entire systems. Citizen later became its sole manufacturer. Production of the LTE Lite was again moved from Citizen in Japan to Compaq's overseas plant in Singapore in 1994—Compaq citing wanting to fill vacant production lines in that plant, which also manufactured its Contura line of budget notebooks. The hard disk drives meanwhile were manufactured by Conner Peripherals. The monochrome passive-matrix LCDs used in the LTE Lites were a co-development between Compaq and Citizen, who developed ways to reduce motion persistence ("ghosting") and crosstalk interference patterns ("bleeding") common in their super-twisted nematic displays. The monochrome -matrix LCDs used in the Lite/25E and Lite 4/25E were manufactured by Hosiden. These were the same LCDs used by Apple in some entries of their PowerBook 100 series. Compaq were the only notebook manufacturer besides Apple to make use of active-matrix monochrome LCDs. The LTE Lite/20 and LTE Lite/25 (including all submodels) used Intel's low-powered, portable-specific 80386SL processor. Compaq became the first laptop to feature Intel's later portable-specific 80486SL with the announcement of the LTE Lite 4/25 in November 1992. Reception Reviewing the LTE Lite/25 and LTE Lite/20, Rick Ayre of PC Magazine called the two laptops "state-of-the-art" and high-priced, with a good display and keyboard but with compromised battery life compared to their predecessor, the LTE 386s/20. The LTE Lites were the top-performing 386 laptops in terms of graphics performance and among the top five of 386 laptops in terms of rendering graphics within Windows. The magazine also rated it among the fastest in its processor class in terms of memory speed and data processing but found its hard disk performance mediocre. Mitt Jones, also of PC Magazine, called the battery life "somewhat lackluster" but praised the versatility of the user-definable power consumption modes and found the display bright and sharp with minimal ghosting. Michael Caton of PC Week, reviewing the LTE Lite/25, praised its battery life, case design, ease of use, and keyboard layout. PC Week test lab compared it to Zenith Data Systems' MastersPort 386Le and found that the LTE Lite won out over the MastersPort under a stress test load: 3 hours compared to 2 hours and 11 minutes. Caton wrote that the power consumption modes were easy to configure. Similarly, the keyboard's hotkey functions allowed him to perform functions like disabling the external monitor or setting the speaker volume more easily compared to contemporaneous laptops, which required the user exit out to DOS and run a function utility. Caton called the case design "sturdy ... typical of Compaq notebooks" and the keyboard "well laid out". Caton found reservation with the keyboard's switches, which he deemed soft, and, the passive-matrix display, which exhibited ghosting most noticeably under Windows. Andreas Uiterwuk and Siobhan Nash of InfoWorld, reviewing the LTE Lite/25C, rated the active-matrix color LCD well, with brilliant colors and a wide viewing angle, that exhibited no crosstalk interference patterns. The reviewers found the US$4,999 selling price "hefty" and found that it performed 9 percent slower than its monochrome counterpart but on par with its competitor in the active-matrix color notebook arena, NEC's UltraLite SL/25C. Nash and Earl Angus of the same publication, reviewing the LTE Lite/25E, called the laptop's $2,917 selling price "a pretty good deal" with its active-matrix monochrome display and equivalent processor to the LTE Lite/25C. Like Caton the reviewers found the keyboard too soft, the key travel too shallow, but they were impressed with its display, which exhibited "little bleeding". Larry Blasko of the St. Petersburg Times, reviewing the LTE Lite 4/25E, found its relatively high price justified by its processing power, display, and keyboard and called the laptop overall a "first-rate job". In particular, Blasko found that the monochrome, active-matrix panel rendered "nice, crisp text and graphics" and that the keyboard had a "crisp touch" that held up under his heavy typing style. Blasko's unit scored 53.4 on the Norton index, meaning that it was over 50 times faster than a PC XT and 1.5 times faster than a 33-MHz Compaq Deskpro 386, which had a rating of 34.7. Blasko wrote that the LTE Lite was snappy running Windows 3.1. Legacy The LTE Lite series proved very successful for Compaq, accounting for half of their entire notebook sales in 1993 alone. Between 1992 and 1993, Citizen had manufactured between 20,000 and 25,000 LTE Lite units each month. The LTE Lite series was replaced by the LTE Elite series in March 1994. The LTE Elite series increased the memory, processors, and networking capabilities and moved the AC adapter to within the notebooks' chassis, eliminating the need for external bricks. Models References LTE Lite LTE Lite Computer-related introductions in 1992

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP Essential laptops HP Essential line is a line of entry-level, inexpensive laptops with basic functionality. Current lines HP Laptop - 17t (Intel) HP Laptop - 17z (AMD) HP Laptop - 15t (Intel) HP Laptop - 15z (AMD) HP Laptop - 14t (Intel) HP Laptop - 14z (AMD) Earlier models The HP 635 Notebook The HP 620 Notebook The HP 520 Notebook is a low-end business laptop made by Hewlett-Packard. It runs either Core Duo T2400 or other Celeron M processors. It can come with Vista Business, Basic preinstalled, or if chosen, Red Hat 10. The HP 450 Notebook The HP 255 Notebook Is a budget laptop. HP Stream series HP Stream is a line of low-end consumer-oriented laptops and tablets. Models Laptops HP Stream 10 HP Stream 11 HP Stream 11 Pro G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 HP Stream 13 HP Stream 14 2020's version HP Stream 14 Pro HP Stream x360 Tablets HP Stream 7 The HP Stream 7 is a tablet computer designed by Hewlett-Packard that runs the Microsoft Corporation's Windows operating system. It was announced on September 29, 2014. HP Stream 8 The HP Stream 8 is a tablet computer designed by Hewlett-Packard that runs the Microsoft Corporation's Windows operating system. See also HP Slate References HP laptops

laptop Form Factor and Weight

List of LG laptops This is a list of laptops manufactured by LG Electronics. Background Early examples of LG laptops were netbooks: X110, X120 and X130 from 2009. Xnote Xnote is a notebook computer series made by LG Electronics Ltd, started as part of LG/IBM joint venture. After breakup in 2005, LG still produce Xnote laptop line until 2013. There are several models offered, with varied LCD sizes. N450 2012 N550 2012 Z330 Released in 2012 P330 Unveiled in November 2011, the P330 came with 2nd generation Intel Core i5 or i7 processors, Nvidia GeForce 555M graphics card and had a 13.3”, 1366 x 768 (16:9), 120.55 ppi LED Back-Light display. A510 Released in 2010 U560 Released in 2013 Z1 series Z1-2007 released in 2007 Express dual series Express dual series was released in 2005. P1 express dual The LG p1 express dual contained an Intel Core Duo Processor T2500 and 512MB of ram pre installed. It came with Windows XP. The screen was an LCD 15.7” display. It was released for AUD$2900. S1 express dual The LG S1 express dual was cost circa AUD$3999. It had a 15.7” display. M1 express dual The LG M1 express dual had around a 15” display. It was cheaper than the P1 express dual. T1 express dual The T1 Express dual had a 14.7” display. It was the cheapest laptop in the LG Express dual series v1.0. LT20 series Semi-rugged netvertible E-book LG E-Book is a proof of concept design for a new series of laptops being developed by LG Electronics of South Korea. Two prototypes have been built so far, but a release date was never announced. The laptop uses an organic light-emitting diode screen instead of the traditional LCD. The laptop is powered by a methyl alcohol solution instead of the more conventional Li-ion batteries seen in laptops today. Gram The LG Gram is a lineup of laptop computers weighing around 1 kg manufactured by LG electronics. The Gram was announced in September 2015 with two screen sizes available: 13.3" and 14". A 15.6" model was introduced during CES 2016. During CES 2017, the 2017 edition of the Gram was introduced. During CES 2018, the 2018 edition of the Gram was introduced. During CES 2019, a larger 17" Gram alongside a 14" 2-in-1 Gram was introduced. Gram's marketing is held with the light weight of it. As the weight 980 gram is the maximum weight that it could have in all condition, LG was famous for its modest marketing in Korea. During CES 2021, a larger 16" Gram alongside a 16" 2-in-1 Gram was introduced. Specifications References Lists of mobile computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP 2133 Mini-Note PC The HP 2133 Mini-Note PC was a full-function netbook aimed at the business and education markets. It was available with SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop, Windows Vista or Windows XP. Its retail price started at US$499 for the Linux version with 4GB of flash memory. According to DigiTimes, the netbook was manufactured by Inventec. However, according to APC magazine, it was built by Compal Electronics who also make the MSI Wind and the Dell Inspiron Mini 9. The system was replaced in early 2009 by an upgraded model, the HP Mini 2140, which was also aimed at the education and business market. Features The machine has a spill-resistant 92%-of-full-size keyboard which Hewlett-Packard says is specially coated to reduce wear on the keys. Unusually, the touchpad buttons are to the sides of the pad itself, rather than below it. There is a small button above the touchpad to enable/disable the pad and buttons. The machine's shell is aluminium, while the inner chassis is anodised magnesium. The screen is protected by a layer of PMMA ("plexiglass"). The system has an accelerometer-based hard drive shock protection feature called "HP 3D DriveGuard". As of October 2008, the HP 2133 is one of the few netbooks to feature an ExpressCard/54 slot, other ones being the Lenovo IdeaPad S9, Lenovo IdeaPad S10, NTT Corrino W 100I and the Gigabyte M912. The machine is available with a three- or six-cell battery, which provides approximately two and four hours of run time respectively on the high-end Windows Vista Business configuration shipped to reviewers. The larger battery projects downwards out of the rear of the machine, tilting it upwards – some reviewers have commented that this improves keyboard ergonomics. A variety of CPU, RAM and mass storage configurations are available, and Bluetooth is available on high-end models. All of the current configurations of the machine feature a webcam, however in HP's press release it is listed as an optional feature. Operating systems available range from SuSE Linux to Microsoft Windows Vista Home and Business. Though the machine qualifies for Microsoft's "downgrade program", allowing units to be shipped with Windows XP Professional and with the option to upgrade to Windows Vista Business in future, this comes with the expectation that the customers order at least 25 units per year. Reception Reviewers have been impressed by the notebook's comfortable keyboard, the high-resolution display, aesthetic design and overall build quality. However, the unusual touchpad, with buttons placed at its sides, caused some usability issues for some users. The high reflectivity of the screen also caused difficulties in operating the netbook in bright environments. Performance was also cause for concern, with neither speed nor battery life particularly impressing reviewers. Review machines also became hot in places on the underside of the chassis. In many revisions of the notebook, the fan vent had an additional dense plastic grill which impeded airflow greatly. The heat problem could mostly be eliminated by removing this inner grill, additional grills behind the air intake vents, replacing the thermal compound between the heatsink, the CPU and GPU with a higher quality type and reducing the CPU clock speed in software. As of September, 2010, the previous two years have seen a significant number of system board failures rendering the unit useless. At some point, when the unit is turned on, while the power light will illuminate, there is no other activity and no boot activity. Several owners have been successful in restoring functionality after removing the system board and heating it with a heat gun or "baking it" in an oven for a limited time. A web search for problems with the 2133 returns a large number of links to forums and discussions regarding the problem. Several of these reviewers hoped that the machine's performance would be improved by a CPU update, to a next-generation VIA Nano, or perhaps the Intel Atom. HP notebook product marketing manager Robert Baker remarked that the decision to launch the machine with current-generation processors was driven by the education market's purchasing schedule, and that they would consider new CPUs for an "interim refresh" about six months into the machine's life. Similar products from HP A new HP notebook similar in appearance to the Mini-Note, called the "Digital Clutch", was unveiled in October 2008, with a launch expected for December that year. The small pink computer is a collaboration with fashion designer Vivienne Tam, and has a 10-inch screen, a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom processor, 1GB of RAM, and an 80GB hard disk drive. A few days later, a black notebook of otherwise similar appearance called the "HP Mini 1000" was informally revealed by a banner on the company's store, and officially announced on 29 October 2008. Unlike the 2133, this device is meant for the home market. An upgrade to the 2133, the HP Mini 2140, was announced by HP in January 2009. References External links Linux-based devices Subnotebooks Netbooks 2133 Mini-Note PC

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Toshiba T1000LE The Toshiba T1000LE was a Toshiba laptop made in 1990 as a member of their LE/SE/XE family. It used a 9.54/4.77 MHz Intel 80C86, with the clock speed being switchable by using function keys on the keyboard. The laptop came with a 20 MB hard drive, 1 MB of RAM, a 1.44M/720K switchable 3.5" floppy drive, and a blue-on-white, back-lit, "Toshiba Graphics" 640x400 STN LCD. The laptop came with a choice of either MS-DOS 3.3 or 4.01 stored in a socketed ROM. The laptop's RAM was expandable to 2 MB, 3 MB, 5 MB, or 9 MB with 1 MB, 2 MB, 4 MB, and 8 MB proprietary memory cards, respectively. The Toshiba T1000LE was discontinued prior to 1994. Specifications Features The Toshiba T1000LE was one of the first laptops to include both a hard drive and a Ni-CD battery. Previous laptops did not have enough power to run a hard drive from battery power (exceptions include the Toshiba T1200, which had a proprietary 26-pin JVC hard drive, and the Macintosh Portable, which used a lead-acid battery, instead of a Ni-CD). The laptop has a notable lack of expansion ports, consisting of a RS-232 port, a printer port, and the docking connector. The computer used the docking connector to connect to a Toshiba DeskStation II, giving it extra capabilities. Unlike the original Toshiba T1000, this model does not have a handle that flips out of the bottom, nor a display that tilts 180 degrees. Reliability Problems As these laptops age further, with the oldest models being over 30 years old now, reliability becomes more of an issue. These laptops have a few known issues, none of which have a known fix as of yet. Most of these problems plague many other Toshiba portables from the era. The most common of these issues is where the system will boot for about 1 second and then turn off again, with a power supply error indicated by the LEDs. It is suspected this is damage caused by leaking electrolytic capacitors in the system. All of these models will have leaking capacitors on the motherboard, so it is important to replace them and clean the area near their original placement as soon as possible. The original Conner 20 MB 2.5" HDD is also known to have a failure common with other small hard drives of the era, where the rubber gasket sealing the drive can rot away, exposing the platters to air and gumming them up with a difficult to remove gooey substance. The drives are practically unrepairable once this happens, and the data can only be recovered by a data recovery specialist. There is some debate as to whether or not these models need a good Ni-CD battery to boot. See also ELKS Intel 8086 MS-DOS Toshiba T1000 References IBM PC compatibles T1000LE

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo Yoga Lenovo Yoga (stylized as Lenovo YOGA or simply YOGΛ) is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers and tablets designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo, named for their ability to assume multiple form factors due to a hinged screen. 2012 Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13 The Yoga 13's capacitive touch display allows for up to 10-point touch control. The Yoga 13 is powered by an Intel Chief River platform, using an Ivy Bridge processor, has 4 GB or 8 GB of RAM, and SSD with 128 GB or 256 GB. The battery life of the Yoga 13 is estimated to be around eight hours. After testing the Yoga 13's battery life, TechRadar said, "Our only real concern is that the battery life is squarely average. In our Battery Eater test, which maxes out the system until the battery dies, we only clocked 177 minutes, which is short of the 200-minute gold standard. This said, in normal day-to-day usage, we experienced closer to six to eight hours of life, depending on the screen brightness and CPU saturation." The Yoga 13 makes use of a 13.3-inch display with a resolution of 1600 × 900. The display uses an IPS panel in order to provide wide viewing angles and maintain the thin profile of the Yoga 13. The Yoga 13 has 720p front-facing webcam. It has one USB 3.0 port and one USB 2.0 port, an HDMI output, a memory card reader, and a combo jack for audio input and output. The 13-inch Yoga was released by Lenovo on 26 October 2012. Best Buy released an alternative version of the Yoga 13 with an Intel Core i5 processor (vs. Lenovo's base model's i3 processor) and no Microsoft Office (whereas Lenovo's base model includes Microsoft Office). Its smaller cousin, Yoga 11, which runs Windows RT (as opposed to the Yoga 13, running Windows 8), was released in December 2012. Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 The Yoga 11 is powered by a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 that runs at a maximum clockspeed of 1.3 GHz and features an integrated graphics processor. The Tegra 3 is also found in numerous Android-based tablets. 2 GB of RAM comes standard. This relatively small amount of RAM is sufficient due to the reduced memory requirements of Windows RT applications. The Yoga 11 was sold with solid state drives in 32 GB and 64 GB capacities. The Yoga 11 ran the Windows RT operating system. Microsoft Office 2013 ships pre-installed. Like all Windows RT devices, the Yoga 11 cannot run software designed for earlier versions of Windows, only apps designed for the new Metro interface are compatible. The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 was released in late 2012. It was discontinued on July 17, 2013 due to the poor sales of Windows RT devices. 2013 ThinkPad Yoga The ThinkPad Yoga has a "backlit" keyboard that flattens when flipped into tablet mode. This is accomplished with a platform surrounding the keys rises until level with the keyboard buttons, a locking mechanism that prevents key presses, and feet that pop out to prevent the keyboard from directly resting on flat surfaces. Lenovo implemented this design in response to complaints about its earlier Yoga 13 and 11 models being awkward to use in tablet mode. A reinforced hinge was required to implement this design. Other than its convertible form factor, the ThinkPad Yoga is a rather standard ThinkPad device with a black magnesium-reinforced chassis, island keyboard, a red TrackPoint, and a large buttonless touchpad. The first model was powered by Haswell processors from Intel, and SATA-based SSD or hard drives were both options on this model. It has a 12.5-inch IPS touchscreen with 1080p resolution. The screen was designed for use with an optional pen-style digitizer. Lenovo Yoga 2 11 The Lenovo Yoga 2 11 is an Ultrabook-class convertible device that can be used as both a tablet and laptop computer. The Yoga 2 11 is thinner than the Yoga 11 and has tapered edges giving it an appearance more like a conventional Ultrabook laptop vs the earlier model's pleasing "book-like" symmetrical design. The Yoga 2 11 has a subtle rubber trim around the edge of its top half in order to prevent slipping on hard surfaces when in tent mode. Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro The Yoga 2 Pro is an Ultrabook-class device. It weighs 3.1 pounds, is 0.61 inch thick and has tapered edges, giving it an appearance more like a conventional ultrabook laptop vs the earlier model's "book-like" symmetrical design. The Yoga 2 Pro features a 360-Degree Flip-and-Fold design that encompasses four modes—laptop, stand, tablet, and tent mode and has a subtle rubber trim around the edge of its top half in order to prevent slipping on hard surfaces when in tent mode. It comes with a backlit AccuType keyboard and features stereo speakers with Dolby Home Theater. Unlike earlier Yoga products, the home button has a touch-key on the bottom center of the display. Lenovo moved the power button away from the front and to the side in order to prevent accidental key presses. The base model has an Intel Core i3 4010U, 4 gigabytes of RAM, and a 128-gigabyte solid state drive with configurations up to an Intel Core i7 4500U, 8 gigabytes of RAM, and a 512-gigabyte solid-state drive. The 13.3-inch screen uses in-plane switching (IPS) technology, has a high resolution QHD+ (3200×1800) 10-point multitouch display, and a brightness of 350 nits. The Yoga 2 Pro has Intel Wireless Display technology in order to conform to the Ultrabook specification. It has ports for USB 3.0, USB 2.0, micro-HDMI, a 2-in-1 card reader, and a combination audio input-output jack. Lenovo claimed a battery life of up to nine hours. IdeaPad Yoga 11S The IdeaPad Yoga 11S is a compact ultralight hybrid notebook-tablet computer released in 2013. The Yoga 11S runs the full version of Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system. 2014 Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga Tablet The IdeaPad Yoga Tablet is an Android tablet with a multi-mode device with a rear kickstand designed to allow it to be placed upright for viewing videos and other media or tilted for easier text entry. The Yoga Tablet has a round battery that can last as long as 18 hours. It comes in models with 10-inch and 8-inch screens. Internal storage varies from 16 gigabytes to 32 gigabytes. An upgraded version was added in February 2014, called Lenovo Yoga Tablet 10 HD+, which featured a full HD display and a Qualcomm Snapdragon processor. In addition the third-generation pro has a built-in projector. Lenovo Yoga 3 The Yoga 3 comes in versions with 11.6-inch and 14-inch screens, both with 1080p resolution. The screens can rotate 360 degrees for use as a laptop or tablet. The Yoga 3 can also be placed in "tent mode" where it acts as a stand for itself while hiding its keyboard for activities like watching movies. It uses an Intel Core M processor. The 14-inch model is offered with Core i5 and Core i7 versions. Both models can accommodate up to 8 gigabytes of memory. Configurations with up to 500 gigabytes of SSD capacity are available. Lenovo Yoga 3 Pro The Yoga 3 Pro is thin Broadwell-based 13.3-inch touchscreen laptop with a hinge that allows for use as a tablet and other configurations. It uses Intel Core M processors and comes standard with solid-state drives. Its screen has 3200 pixel by 1800 pixel resolution and is multitouch capable. It is 13 millimeters thick. The Yoga 3 Pro's hinge differs significantly from the Yoga 2 Pro. The new all-metal hinge is referred to by Lenovo as a "watchband". It is much less bulky and forms a continuous curved shape from the chassis of the laptop to the bottom of the screen. It has six mounting points as opposed to two for a more solid feel and structural strength. In a review for PC World, Elias Plastiras wrote, "It's super-light and easy to handle as a laptop and as a tablet, and it feels good to type on for long periods of time. Basically, as far as user comfort is concerned, it's excellent. That said, it does have some issues. It can tend to get noticeably warm when you're streaming video or performing other tasks that make plenty of use of the CPU and Wi-Fi adapter, and the battery life is also not great, primarily due to the large screen resolution that needs a lot of power to be bright." 2015 Yoga Tablet 2 with AnyPen The Yoga Tablet 2 with AnyPen is a Windows-based tablet computer with an 8-inch 1080p display. It weighs .43 kg and Lenovo claims it has a battery life of 15 hours. Lenovo's AnyPen technology allows the use of pencils, ballpoint pens, and other traditional writing instruments to write on the screen like a stylus. The Yoga Tablet 2 was released in January 2015. Yoga 300 The Yoga 300 is a basic convertible Ultrabook-class device. In some countries, it is renamed as Flex 3. The yoga 300 is a budget version for Yoga class. It became the most affordable Yoga Series. With only 11.6 inch display, it is also known as the smallest Yoga laptop but it is quite heavy with 1.39 kilograms of weight. It uses Intel Celeron processors, integrated graphics, 500-gigabyte hard drive or a 1-terabyte hard drive, and up to 8 gigabytes of RAM. It uses a 30 watt-hour battery which can stand until 5 hours. For connectivity, it has one USB 3.0 port, two USB 2.0 ports, one full-sized HDMI port. This device has High Definition display with 1366×768 pixel. Yoga 500 Yoga 700 Yoga 900 Like other Yoga laptops, the Yoga 900 is a fully convertible Ultrabook-class device. The Yoga 900 is the replacement for the Yoga 3 Pro. It was designed to improve upon problems with overheating and battery life. It uses Core i5 and i7 Skylake-class processors from Intel, integrated graphics, 256-gigabyte or 512-gigabyte solid state drives, and up to 16 gigabytes of RAM. It runs on a 66 watt-hour battery. It is somewhat heavier and thicker than the Yoga 3 Pro at 1.29 kilograms of weight and 14.9 millimeters in thickness. One USB 3.0 Type-C port (a predecessor of USB 3.1, featuring lower power delivery and data rates) and a USB 2.0 port are included; but the device cannot be charged by USB-C. The device has a 3200×1800 pixel display. Unlike its successor Yoga 910, it features programmer-friendly PgUp/PgDown/Pos1/End keys. The Business Edition version of the Lenovo Yoga 900 is primarily differentiated from the standard model through its implementation of enterprise-grade security via a Trusted Platform Module chip and accompanying security software. Business Edition The Business Edition version of the Yoga 900 is primarily differentiated from the standard model through its implementation of enterprise grade security via a Trusted Platform Module chip and accompanying security software. 2016 Yoga Book The Yoga Book is a compact hybrid tablet designed similarly to the Yoga laptops that is available in both Android Marshmallow and Windows 10 Home versions. Featuring the same "watchband hinge" as the Yoga 3 Pro, the major difference is that the traditional mechanical keyboard is replaced with a pressure-sensitive "Create Pad" that responds to an active stylus with 2,048 levels of pressure and a backlit, touch-sensitive "Halo Keyboard" with haptic feedback. The device is powered by an Intel Atom x5 processor and has a 10.1-inch full HD screen, 4 GB of RAM, and 64 GB of internal storage with microSD card expansion support, Dolby Atmos stereo speakers, and optional 4G LTE. It became available for sale in September 2016. Yoga 710 Lenovo announced the Yoga 710 at the Mobile World Congress in 2016. The Yoga 710 comes in versions with 11-inch and 14-inch displays. The 11-inch version uses Intel Core M low-power processors,weighing just 2.35 lbs and 0.58 inches thin, has 8 gigabytes of memory, and includes a solid-state drive with a capacity up to 256 gigabytes. The same processor is used in Apple's 12-inch MacBook. The 14-inch version uses standard Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors and optional Nvidia GeForce 940M or 940MX graphics processors. Both versions use 1080p IPS screens. Yoga 510 The Yoga 510 uses the same Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors as the 14-inch version of the Yoga 710. It can also use AMD A9 processors. It comes in versions with 14-inch and 15-inch IPS displays with 1080p resolution. The 510 is called the Flex 4 in the United States. 2017 Yoga 920 Released fall 2017 the Yoga 920 was the direct successor of the Yoga 2/3 Pro, Yoga 900 and Yoga 910 laptops. 2018 Yoga 530 Released in early 2018, Yoga 530 is available on both Intel and AMD configuration. Yoga C930 Released fall 2018, Yoga C930 is the successor the Yoga 920. The previous "watchband" hinge design has been replaced by a new hinge design with integrated speakers that face the user in both tablet and laptop mode. Yoga Book C930 Released fall 2018, Yoga Book C930 is a 2-in-1 laptop with two screens, which replaced the traditional keyboard with an e-ink screen which functions as a keyboard, touchpad, or writer and reader tablet. 2019 Yoga C640 This is the lower-tier laptop of the YOGA middle-class range (YOGA 600 series and 700 series). It has a 13.3" FHD IPS Display, and Intel's 10th generation Core processors. The design of the laptop incorporates speakers into the sides of the keyboard Yoga C740 This model of laptop features a 13.9" screen, with the option to add a 4K resolution panel instead of 1080p. Also featuring Intel 10th gen processors, it is one step down from the C940, the flagship of this series. Yoga C940 The Yoga C940 is the flagship of this series. Expanding on the C930's soundbar hinge, this model enlarges it and allows a single-hinge system, which enriches audio quality. Equipped with a 60WhR battery like last year's model allows you to expect a battery life of up to 17h on the 1080p model and 10h on the 4K model. 2020 Yoga 9i Lenovo 9i comes in both 14-inch and 15-inch display size, The weight is 2 kg. It includes 10th-Gen processors up to the Core i9 HK Series, two Thunderbolt 3 ports, and a GPU up to Nvidia’s GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q design. 2021 Yoga Slim 7 The Yoga Slim 7 features AMD's Ryzen 4000 mobile processor, with a weight of 1.4kg and a battery life of up to 14 hours. Known issues Many users have discovered that a Linux operating system including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK for business and 710. The reason that Linux cannot be installed is that Lenovo have implemented the solid state drive (SSD) on these models in RAID mode rather than the more usual AHCI. RAID mode requires additional drivers from Intel that are provided with Windows (version 7 and later) but not currently provided with Linux. Intel recommends that all new motherboards using Intel chips should be configured using RAID even for a single disc, since this avoids problems when upgrading an AHCI configuration to multiple RAID drives later. This industry standard applies to laptops, even though they don't directly benefit with only one drive. Lenovo have followed this standard to limit the number of issues that might need troubleshooting. Although it is theoretically possible to change the mode to AHCI using a suitably programmed bootable USB stick, it is not wise to attempt it because the affected models check the UEFI configuration at startup and will detect the change and refuse to boot. This inability to change to AHCI means that without RAID drivers, either in the system itself and on the installation media, Linux cannot be installed. Other products are equally affected. Windows 10 itself cannot be clean installed because the bootable installation media lacks the RAID drivers (the installation would have them but it is the installer itself that lacks them). Rescue media built by the 'Backup and Restore' utility cannot restore the backed-up image to the SSD drive because it cannot see it. Even third-party disc imaging utilities such as Acronis True Image lack RAID drivers in the rescue media which are generally based on a Linux system. The RAID drivers can be injected into the boot image on USB stick rescue media (though not on DVD-based media). In October 2016, Lenovo released 'LINUX only' versions of the BIOS for some of the affected machines. This BIOS adds the ability to switch the drive mode into AHCI. Lenovo states that these BIOSes should not be used for Windows operating systems (obviously as they prefer most users to remain on the industry supported bios, unless they have a reason not to.) Users have also reported multiple problems with hinges becoming misaligned and damaging the screen. Lenovo customer support has been heavily criticised for refusal to repair this apparent design flaw under standard, enhanced or accidental damage warranties. See also Lenovo Ideapad Lenovo ThinkPad (ThinkPad Yoga) References Yoga Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 2012

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo IdeaPad U300s The Lenovo U300s is an Ultrabook-class notebook computer. Features The Lenovo U300s features Intel Rapid Start Technology which allows for faster start-up times while conserving battery life. This technology allows the U300s to start almost instantly. The U300s also makes use of m.2 SSDs instead of regular hard drives in order to improve start times. The U300s' battery can last for up to eight hours. This exceeds the five hours required by Intel's Ultrabook specification. Design The U300s weighs 1.58 kilograms and is only 18.3 mm thick. It measures 324mm in width and 216 in depth. As the case of the U300s does not use a tapered design it incorporates full-sized ports as opposed to the "mini" ports used on many other small laptops. The U300s has an aluminum case with top and bottom panels in "Graphite Grey" with a silver body in between. As of February 2012 Lenovo has plans to release a "Clementine Orange" version of the U300s. The U300s has a small power brick that is slightly larger than a deck of playing cards. Hardware specifications The U300s includes a 13-inch display, an Intel U series Core i7 or i5 processor, an SSD with options for 128 or 256 GB of storage. The U300s makes use of Intel's HD Graphics 3000 integrated with the CPU, includes an HDMI port, and supports Intel's WiDi standard for wireless graphics. The U300s features what Lenovo calls "one-button recovery." Pushing a button on the left side of the case allows the user to restore the computer to factory condition. The OS can be re-installed from the recovery partition. Reviews The Computer Shopper wrote that the U300s "delivers on the ultrabook promise of a take-anywhere laptop that doesn't compromise speed or battery life. But the Core i7 CPU and 256GB SSD in our test unit drives up the price too far for most users." Jack Schofield, writing for ZDNet UK, stated, "The U300s is a convenient machine to carry around. It comes up from sleep in a couple of seconds, and the Flash-memory based SSD (solid state drive) means you start working very quickly. This has been one of the MacBook's advantages for the past decade, and it has taken PC manufacturers far too long to narrow the gap." Addressing some of the drawbacks of the U300s he writes, "As usual with ultraportable PCs, there are a few omissions, too. The U300s lacks an RJ-45 Ethernet port, which I frequently need in hotels, and an SD card slot, which I use all the time for copying files from my digital cameras and audio recorder. Also, there are only two USB ports, though one of these supports USB 3.0." Riyad Emeran, writing for IT Reviews, wrote in his review of the U300s, "There's no shortage of great looking Ultrabooks on the market, with the likes of the Toshiba Z830 and Asus ZenBook UX31 also vying for your attention. But there is something a bit different about the Lenovo U300s. It feels slightly less indulgent and takes itself a little more seriously, making it potentially more attractive to the business user. It's not perfect, with the reduced size keys on the keyboard being the main bugbear, but you are getting a solid, well designed Ultrabook at a very reasonable price." The U300s was described by Engadget as being "pared-down and tasteful." It was compared to the Macbook Air in terms of design since, like the Air, it was made from a single sheet of aluminum, and was indicated to be susceptible to scratches, despite the fact that the metal had been sandblasted and anodized. Engadget also criticized the U300s for the lack of a memory card slot, stating that, "it's the only Ultrabook we know of that doesn't have a memory card slot." The keyboard on the laptop received praise and was described as being sturdy and comfortable to type on. The glass touchpad was also received positively, with the reviewer stating that, "it has the best touchpad of any of the new Ultrabooks we've tested." References U300s Subnotebooks

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Small form factor (desktop and motherboard) Small form factor (SFF or SFX) is a term used for desktop computers, and their enclosures and motherboards, to indicate that they are designed in accordance with one of several standardized computer form factors intended to minimize the volume and footprint of a desktop computer compared to the standard ATX form factor. For comparison purposes, the size of an SFF case is usually measured in litres. SFFs are available in a variety of sizes and shapes, including shoeboxes, cubes, and book-sized PCs. Their smaller and often lighter construction has made them popular as home theater PCs and as gaming computers for attending LAN parties. Manufacturers also emphasize the aesthetic and ergonomic design of SFFs since users are more likely to place them on top of a desk or carry them around. Advancements in component technology together with reductions in size means a powerful computer is no longer restricted to the huge towers of old. Small form factors do not include computing devices that have traditionally been small, such as embedded or mobile systems. However, "small form factor" lacks a normative definition and is consequently open to interpretation and misuse. Manufacturers often provide definitions that serve the interests of their products. According to marketing strategy, one manufacturer may decide to mark their product as "small form factor" while other manufacturers are using different marketing name (such as "Minitower", "Microtower" or "Desktop") for personal computers of similar or even smaller footprint. History The acronym SFF originally stood for "Shuttle Form Factor," describing shoebox-sized personal computers with two expansion slots. The meaning of SFF evolved to include other, similar PC designs from brands such as AOpen and First International Computer, with the word "Small" replacing the word "Shuttle". SFF originally referred to systems smaller than the Micro-ATX. The term SFF is used in contrast with terms for larger systems such as "mini-towers" and "desktops." Features Small form factor computers are generally designed to support the same features as modern desktop computers, but in a smaller space. Most accept standard x86 microprocessors, standard DIMM memory modules, standard 8.9 cm (3.5") hard disks, and standard 13.3 cm (5.25") optical drives. However, the small size of SFF cases may limit expansion options; many commercial offerings provide only one 8.9 cm (3.5") drive bay and one or two 13.3 cm (5.25") external bays. Standard CPU heatsinks do not always fit inside an SFF computer, so some manufacturers provide custom cooling systems. Though limited to one or two expansion cards, a few have the space for -length cards such as the GeForce GTX-295. Most SFF computers use highly integrated motherboards containing many on-board peripherals, reducing the need for expansion cards. As of 2020 many SFF PC cases do not include any expansion bays larger than 2.5 inches (large enough to accommodate SATA SSDs), due to the declining popularity of optical disc drives and 3.5 inch hard drives in the consumer space. Even if labeled "SFF," cube-style cases that support full-sized (PS2 form factor) power supplies actually have a microATX form factor. True SFF systems use SFX, TFX or smaller power supplies, and some require a laptop-style external "power brick." Some SFF computers even include compact components designed for mobile computers, such as notebook optical drives, notebook memory modules, notebook processors, and external AC adapters, rather than the internal power supply units found in full-size desktop computers. Enthusiast Community & Crowdfunding Crowdfunding and availability of rapid prototyping tools has enabled the production of several mini-ITX cases focusing on efficiently organizing commercial computer components into small volumes including the Ghost S1, DAN A4-SFX, and upcoming Thor Zone MJOLNIR. Communities of enthusiasts and reviewers now develop and promote enhanced SFF assembly, maintenance, and performance criteria. 3D printing and Laser cutting have enabled customization and one-off production by both manufacturers like Lazer3D and individual users with access to the relevant equipment. SFF types The many different types of SFFs are categorized loosely by their shape and size. The types below are available . Cubic / Shoebox Many SFF computers have a cubic shape. Smaller models are typically sold as barebones units, including a case, motherboard, and power supply designed to fit together. The motherboard lies flat against the base of the case. Upgrade options may be limited by the non-standard motherboards, cramped interior space, and power and airflow concerns. The Power Mac G4 Cube, released in 2000, and the Shuttle XPC are good examples of this design. MSI and Asus produce similar designs. The Xi3 Modular Computer is an example of a cube computer with a little more upgrade possibilities. Shuttle has adapted several of its XPC models (some 5-series and most later) to alternately accept mini-ITX motherboards. The base of the XPC is provided with mounting points which accommodate both "Shuttle form factor" (ShFF) and mini-ITX motherboards. In order to accommodate mini-ITX motherboards, two of the ShFF mounting points are simply relocated (the remaining mini-ITX mounting points are in common with the remaining ShFF mounting points). A "standard" ShFF motherboard is 20.6 cm (8 1/8″) wide by 27.3 cm (10 3/4″) deep, with the I/O shield and the two PCI slots being located in common with mini-ITX motherboards. Most ShFF systems utilize Shuttle's proprietary heat pipe (liquid cooling) system, "Integrated Cooling Engine" (ICE), for the processor, although several also feature heat pipe cooling for the voltage regulator and/or the chip set (Northbridge). When an ShFF system is upgraded to a mini-ITX motherboard, an Intel or compatible processor fan must replace the ICE cooler. The ShFF's ICE computer fan is so designed that it may be repurposed as a case fan when the case is upgraded to mini-ITX use. When so upgraded, the repurposed fan would be connected to the motherboard's case fan connector (3-pin) while the new CPU fan would be connected to the motherboard's CPU fan connector (4-pin). AOpen Inc. produced a stackable S120 case, allowing the user to stack up to four components vertically or horizontally. These layers can be for add-on cards, optical drives, and hard drives, using either internal power supplies or external AC adapter power sources. After the S120, AOpen made more small form factor cases for systems with Micro ATX and Mini-ITX. Nettop Until 2005, SFF cases were usually sold as barebones units (case, power supply, and motherboard) to system integrators and home-based builders. In 2005, Apple Inc. introduced its Mac Mini (volume of 1.4 L, excluding external power brick). Later in the same year, the first AOpen mini PC MP915 (renamed to XC mini in 2007 since "mini PC" could not be registered as a trademark), was announced. The size of the XC mini series PC—16.5(W) × 5.0(H) × 16.5(D) cm—makes it one of the smallest desktop PC systems (1.3L volume). It was criticized for looking like the Apple Mac Mini but Apple has not taken action on this subject. In February 2007, AOpen redesigned the case of the mini PC MP945 series. Since 2006, major OEM PC brands such as HP and Dell have begun to sell fully assembled SFF systems. These are often described as bookshelf units since they resemble a miniature tower case small enough to fit on a bookshelf. The HP Slimline series and Dell Dimension C521 (volume 1.65 L) are good examples of this trend. The Maxdata Favorite 300XS is another mini computer. The HP Slimline uses a non-standard motherboard that is very similar in size to Mini-ITX. In addition to its industrial use, the extremely small Mini-ITX motherboard form factor has also been incorporated into SFF computers. These are often extremely compact, incorporating low-power components such as the VIA C3 processors. The Travla C134 is an example of this design. At 17.8 x 25.4 x 5.1 cm (7 × 10 × 2") the Travla C134 is somewhat larger than the Mac mini which is 16.5 x 16.5 x 5.1 cm (6.5 × 6.5 × 2") and barely bigger than a standard 13.3 cm (5.25") optical drive. Beginning in 2007, several other companies have released other very small computers that besides a small size, focus on a low price, and extremely high power efficiency (typically 10 W or below in use). These include the Zonbu, fit-PC, Linutop, and A9home. With the release of Intel Atom CPU, AOpen also made Nettop systems: the uBox series with model LE200 and LE210. The uBox series equips a dual core Intel Atom 270/330 processor, single channel DDR-II 533/667 memory, Intel 945GC+ICH7 chipset, three SATA connectors and 5.1 channel high definition audio output. Home theatre boxes Essentially a bookshelf-style case lying on its side, a miniature HTPC replicates the look of other smaller-than-rack-sized home theatre components such as a DVR or mini audio receiver. The front panel interface is emphasized, with the optical disc drive rotated relative to the case in order to maintain horizontal mounting, and more motherboard port connectors (such as for USB) are routed to the front panel, they normally are as powerful as PC desktops. Computer-on-module A computer-on-module (COM) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board. They are often used as embedded systems due to their small physical size and low power consumption. Gumstix is one manufacturer of COMs. Ultra-Small Form Factor Each model of Dell's OptiPlex line of computers typically includes an Ultra-Small Form Factor (USFF) chassis option. In the Core 2 era, these machines used 8.9 cm (3.5") desktop hard drives and external power supplies, such as the OptiPlex 745 and 755. More recent units use 6.4 cm (2.5") laptop hard drives and have integrated power supplies, such as the OptiPlex 990 USFF. The compact size comes at the cost of restricted expandability, as USFF models have no PCI or PCIe slots and may have limited CPU and memory options. Micro Starting from Series 5, USFF was replaced with Micro variants, an even smaller size option that uses external power supplies and does not have optical drives. Ultra-compact Form Factor Understood as comprising nano-ITX (12 × 12 cm) and pico-ITX (10 × 7.2 cm) boards, the format was championed by VIA Technologies. Intel now describes its own Next Unit of Computing (NUC) products (10.2 x 10.2 cm or 4 × 4") as UCFF. See also ATX Case modding Nettop PC-on-a-stick Mac mini Business SFF-class nettops: Dell OptiPlex, Fujitsu Esprimo, Lenovo ThinkCentre, HP ProDesk and EliteDesk Single-board microcontroller List of Arduino compatibles Small Form Factor Committee Small Form Factor Special Interest Group (SFF-SIG) Low-profile video card Mini-ITX References Motherboard form factors

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Light-weight Linux distribution A light-weight Linux distribution is one that uses lower memory and/or has less processor-speed requirements than a more "feature-rich" Linux distribution. The lower demands on hardware ideally result in a more responsive machine, and/or allow devices with fewer system resources (e.g. older or embedded hardware) to be used productively. The lower memory and/or processor-speed requirements are achieved by avoiding software bloat, i.e. by leaving out features that are perceived to have little or no practical use or advantage, or for which there is no or low demand. The perceived weight of a Linux distribution is strongly influenced by the desktop environment included with that distribution. Accordingly, many Linux distributions offer a choice of editions. For example, Canonical hosts several variants ("flavors") of the Ubuntu distribution that include desktop environments other than the default Unity or Gnome. These variants include the Xubuntu and Lubuntu distributions for the comparatively light-weight Xfce and LXDE / LXQt desktop environments. The demands that a desktop environment places on a system may be seen in a comparison of the minimum system requirements of Ubuntu 10.10 and Lubuntu 10.10 desktop editions, where the only significant difference between the two was their desktop environment. Ubuntu 10.10 included the Unity desktop, which had minimum system requirements of a 2 GHz processor with 2 GB of RAM, while Lubuntu 10.10 included LXDE, which required at least a Pentium II with 128 MB of RAM. Overview of some distributions ArchBang – inspired by CrunchBang Linux but based on the Arch Linux distribution instead of Debian. DebianDog - Debian Live CD shaped after Puppy Linux. It is packaged with JWM and IceWM, or Openbox and Xfce. Debian structure and behaviour are untouched. Parabola GNU/Linux-libre - an Arch-based lightweight system endorsed by the Free Software Foundation. postmarketOS – a derivative of Alpine Linux designed primarily for smartphones SparkyLinux - a lightweight system based on Debian. Void Linux - an independent Linux distribution based on the XBPS package manager Zorin OS – also has "Zorin OS Lite" and "Zorin OS Education Lite" editions. Comparison See also Minimalism (computing) Software bloat Comparison of lightweight web browsers List of Linux distributions that run from RAM List of live CDs References Lightweight Unix-like systems Light-weight Linux distributions

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Surface Laptop (1st generation) The Surface Laptop is a laptop computer designed by Microsoft as part of the company's Surface line of personal computing devices. The laptop was announced at the #MicrosoftEDU event by Microsoft on May 2, 2017, alongside Windows 10 S and an updated version of Surface Arc Mouse that includes a large capacitive surface. It became available for pre-order on the same day, and began shipping on June 15, 2017. Configuration Features 7th generation Intel Kaby Lake CPU. Intel HD and Iris Graphics GPU Alcantara fabric keyboard with a 1.5mm travel backlit keys Windows 10 S operating system 13.5-inch PixelSense display with a 3:2 aspect ratio 14.5 hour battery life 110.6 MBps SSD Integrated vapor chambers into the aluminum finish Hardware The Surface Laptop is the 5th addition to Surface lineup, following the Surface Pro, Surface Hub, Surface Book, and the Surface Studio. Unlike the other products, the Surface Laptop is aimed toward students. Microsoft claims a 14.5-hour battery life when running Windows 10 S, but testing suggests that the battery can be depleted to 50% in just 2.5 hours. It comes in four colors: Platinum, Graphite Gold, Burgundy, and Cobalt Blue as advertised. It has a 13.5-inch "PixelSense" Display at 2256 × 1504 using a 3:2 aspect ratio. It features a 10-point touch screen along with Surface Pen support. Unlike other ultra-portables by Microsoft, this does not feature any sort of detachment mechanism from the keyboard. The Surface Laptop uses seventh-generation "Kaby Lake" processors, with both Intel Core i5 and i7 variants. It uses Intel HD Graphics 620 on the Core i5 version, while the Core i7 model uses Intel Iris Plus 640. Three system memory options are available at purchase: 4, 8, and 16 GB and three SSD options: 128, 256, and 512 GB. These cannot be upgraded in the future. The SSD has a transfer speed of 110.6 Mbit/s, which is quite slow when compared to its competitors. The Surface Laptop cannot be opened without destroying it, making it impossible to repair or upgrade by anyone except Microsoft. It has an unremovable battery with a capacity of 45.2 Wh. All other parts are either glued or soldered. Software Surface Laptop models used to ship with Windows 10 S, a feature-limited edition of Windows 10 with restrictions on software usage which has now been replaced with Windows 10 in S Mode; users may only install software from Windows Store, and system settings are locked to only allow Microsoft Edge as the default web browser with Bing as its search engine, since third-party web browsers using custom layout engines are banned from Windows Store. The device may be upgraded to Windows 10 Pro for free, which removes these restrictions. Timeline References External links 1 Computer-related introductions in 2017

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Sony Vaio W series The Sony Vaio W series is a series of netbooks, and formerly a series of desktop PCs. All-in-one desktops (2002) The Sony Vaio W series is a line of all-in-one PCs. It was first launched in Japan, and came to the U.S. market in October 2002, with the first model being PCV-W10. Combining features such as large multimedia speakers, foldable keyboards, a large 15.3 inch display, i.LINK, 1.6 GHz Pentium 4 CPUs with 512 MB RAM, and in some later models TV features, the W series was seen as a high-end multimedia series with great specs for its time. It was replaced by the Vaio L series in 2006. Netbooks (2009) The Sony Vaio W series name was relaunched in 2009 as a series of notebook computers. It is aimed primarily towards the youth market, creating a new market audience for Vaio. The product is intended to be mainly used for at home for browsing, sharing photos online, downloading music and online networking. It clearly differentiates itself from the existing notebook line-up and is not presented as a full PC. Features 10.1” 16:9 WXGA 1366×768 X-black LCD screen with LED backlights 2.6 lb. Full pitch isolation keyboard Intel Atom N280 processor at 1.66 GHz Built in webcam and microphone 3 hour battery Wireless b/g/n networking Matching accessories (carry pouch and mouse accessory kit) Models The models are made in three colors: pink, white, and brown. Their base price is (USD) $499. References External links Official Product Showcase Official Product Website Official Press Release Netbooks Vaio laptops Vaio desktops All-in-one desktop computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM 5100 The IBM 5100 Portable Computer is a portable computer (one of the first) introduced in September 1975, six years before the IBM Personal Computer, and eight before the first successful IBM compatible portable computer, the Compaq Portable. It was the evolution of a prototype called the SCAMP (Special Computer APL Machine Portable) that was developed at the IBM Palo Alto Scientific Center in 1973. Whether considered evolutionary from SCAMP or revolutionary, it still needed to be plugged into an electric socket. When the IBM PC was introduced in 1981, it was originally designated as the IBM 5150, putting it in the "5100" series, though its architecture was unrelated to the IBM 5100's. The 5100 was IBM's second transportable computer. Previously, a truck-based IBM 1401 configured in 1960 for military use was designated a portable computer, and nicknamed a DataMobile. The IBM 5100 was withdrawn in March 1982, by which time IBM had announced its larger cousins, the IBM 5110 (January 1978) and the IBM 5120 (February 1980). SCAMP, the prototype In 1973, Bill Lowe was instrumental in fostering an engineering prototype called SCAMP (Special Computer APL Machine Portable) created by Dr. Paul Friedl and a team at the IBM Los Gatos Scientific Center. SCAMP has been dubbed in PC Magazine as "the world's first personal computer". The IBM Los Gatos engineering prototype and a design model by IBM Industrial designer Tom Hardy, were utilized internally by Lowe in his early efforts to demonstrate the viability of creating a single-user computer. SCAMP emulated an IBM 1130 minicomputer in order to run APL\1130. In 1973, APL was generally available only on mainframe computers, and most desktop sized microcomputers such as the Wang 2200 or HP 9800 offered only BASIC. Because SCAMP was the first to emulate APL\1130 performance on a portable, single user computer, PC Magazine in 1983 designated SCAMP a "revolutionary concept" and "the world's first personal computer". Description The IBM 5100 is based on a 16-bit processor module called PALM (Put All Logic in Microcode). The IBM 5100 Maintenance Information Manual also referred to the PALM module as the controller. The PALM could directly address 64 KiB of memory. Some configurations of the IBM 5100 had Executable ROS (ROM) and RAM memory totalling more than 64 KiB, so a simple bank switching scheme was used. The actual APL and BASIC interpreters were stored in a separate Language ROS address space which the PALM treats as a peripheral device. Prices ranged from $11,000 (16k model) to $20,000 (64k). There were twelve models available: with BASIC, APL, or both. Memory could be 16 KB, 32 KB, 48 KB or 64 KB of main storage. The 5100 sold for between $8,975 and $19,975 (between c. $ and $ in today's dollars). Often described as being "approximately fifty pounds", its weight was closer to 55 pounds (25 kg). In December 1975 BYTE stated "Welcome, IBM, to personal computing". Describing the 5100 as "a 50-lb package of interactive personal computing," the magazine said that with the company's announcement "personal computing gains an entry from the industry's production and service giant," albeit "at a premium price". A single integrated unit provided the keyboard, five-inch CRT display, tape drive, processor, several hundred KiB of read-only memory containing system software, and up to 64 KiB of RAM. It was the size of a small suitcase, weighed about 55 lb (25 kg), and could be transported in an optional carrying case, hence the "portable" designation. In 1975, it was an amazing technical accomplishment to package a complete computer with a large amount of ROM and RAM, CRT display, and a tape drive into a machine that small. Earlier desktop computers of approximately the same size, such as the HP 9830, did not include a CRT nor nearly as much memory. The 5100 has an internal CRT (five-inch diagonal) and displays 16 lines of 64 characters. IBM provided an option switch to allow the user to display all 64 characters of each line, or only the left or right 32 characters (interspersed with spaces). Also there was a switch to display the first 512 bytes of main memory in hexadecimal for diagnostic purposes. Two solutions existed for obtaining hardcopy output: printers such as the IBM 5103, and attaching a typewriter via an interface. The TYCOM 5100 (from a company named Tycom Systems Corporation) enabled controlling an IBM Selectric typewriter, printing at 15.5 CPS. Mass storage was provided by removable quarter-inch cartridge (QIC) magnetic tape drives that use standard DC300 cartridges to store 204 Kbytes. One drive was installed in the machine and a second (Model 5106) could be added in an attached box. The data format included several types and were written in 512 byte records. The introduction of a floppy option was not until the IBM 5110. At the same time IBM announced the IBM 5100, it also announced the IBM 5100 Communications Adapter, that allowed the 5100 to transmit data to and receive data from a remote system. It made the 5100 appear the same as an IBM 2741 Communications Terminal and was designed to be able to communicate with IBM 2741 compatible machines in start-stop mode using the EBCD (Extended Binary Coded Decimal) notation. EBCD was similar to the more common IBM EBCDIC code, but not identical. A feature that does not appear in any advertisement for this computer is an optional Serial I/O port. In order to access the port extensions, they needed to be loaded from tape for the APL and BASIC programming languages. Unlike the Communications Adapter which could only be used to connect devices that supported the IBM 2741 Communications Terminal, this feature allowed users to connect and code for any device that used a standard Serial I/O port, including devices not made by IBM. One periodical described "an interesting standard feature"; that a 5100 could be connected to a television. An external video monitor receiver could be connected to the IBM 5100 via a BNC connector on the back panel. While the 5100 had a front panel switch to select between white on black or black on white for the internal display. This switch did not affect the external monitor, which only offered bright characters on a black background. The vertical scan rate was fixed at 60 Hz. Research Device Coupler In Volume 16, Number 1, Page 41 (1977) of the IBM Systems Journal the article "The IBM 5100 and the Research Device Coupler — A personal laboratory automation system" read: "A small laboratory automation system has been developed by using the IBM 5100 Portable Computer in conjunction with the Research Device Coupler. This compact system provides a dedicated, high-level-language computer and a versatile data acquisition and control interface for experiments in which data rates do not exceed 9600 baud. Two experiments exemplify the use of the system. The Research Device Coupler described in this paper is a prototype of the IBM 7406 Device Coupler." Programming languages The 5100 was available with APL, BASIC, or both programming languages. At the time of introduction, APL was generally available only on mainframe computers, and most desktop sized computers such as the Wang 2200 or HP 9830 offered only BASIC. Machines that supported both languages provided a toggle switch on the front panel to select the language. On the 5100's front panel, it was the third toggle from the left: up for APL, down for BASIC. When the engineers at IBM asked one beta tester, Donald Polonis, for his analysis, he commented that if folks had to learn APL to use it, the IBM 5100 would not make it as a personal computer. He tried to impress the fact that a personal computer had to be easy to use to be accepted. Presumably, the special APL character set and APL keyboard were the primary obstacles to newcomers learning APL easily. APL had powerful features for manipulating data as vectors and matrices, while the competing HP 9830 had to offer language extensions on an add-on ROM for matrix operations. Although not meant for regular users, the maintenance manual described a keyboard sequence to switch the 5100 into a maintenance mode. In this mode it was possible to read and write directly in RAM memory, video memory, CPU registers, interrupt vectors, clock counter, etc, using hexadecimal codes equivalent to assembly language. This allowed writing sophisticated programs directly into RAM. As this mode was a single-user system effectively running without an operating system, a determined user could manage the memory space and write stable multi-tasking programs using interrupts. Emulator in microcode The 5100 was based on IBM's innovative concept that, using an emulator written in microcode, a small and relatively cheap computer could run programs already written for much larger, and much more expensive, existing computers, without the time and expense of writing and debugging new programs. Two such programs were included: a slightly modified version of APLSV, IBM's APL interpreter for its System/370 mainframes, and the BASIC interpreter used on IBM's System/3 minicomputer. Consequently, the 5100's microcode was written to emulate most of the functionality of both a System/370 and a System/3. IBM later used the same approach for its 1983 introduction of the XT/370 model of the IBM PC, which was a standard IBM PC XT with the addition of a System/370 emulator card. References Further reading External links IBM 5100 Portable Computer IBM 5100 from oldcomputers.net IBM-5100 and collection of old digital and analog computers at oldcomputermuseum.com IBM-5100 German/APL keyboard at University of Stuttgart Computer Museum Computer-related introductions in 1975 History of computing hardware 5100 Portable computers 16-bit computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

HP ZBook HP ZBook is a brand of mobile workstations made by HP Inc. Introduced in September 2013, it is a successor to HP's previous mobile workstations in the HP EliteBook series. The ZBook mainly competes against PCs such as Dell's Precision and Lenovo's ThinkPad P Series. Features The HP ZBook workstations feature Nvidia Quadro and AMD FirePro ISV-certified graphics cards and Thunderbolt connectivity. Display options include a touch-sensitive screen on the ZBook 14 and an HP DreamColor IPS panel on the ZBook 17. Additionally, a 3200×1800 resolution option has been announced for the ZBook 15. History 2013: September 10: ZBook 14, ZBook 15 and ZBook 17 announced. 2014: September 8: ZBook 15 G2 and ZBook 17 G2 announced. 2015: January 5: ZBook 14 G2 and ZBook 15u G2; November 11: ZBook 15u G3, ZBook Studio G3, ZBook 15 G3 and ZBook 17 G3 announced. 2017: April 21: ZBook 14u G4, ZBook 15u G4, ZBook Studio G4, ZBook 15 G4 and ZBook 17 G4; October 18: ZBook x2 G4 announced. 2018: February 7: ZBook 14u G5 and ZBook 15u G5; April 5: ZBook 15v G5, ZBook Studio G5, ZBook Studio x360 G5, ZBook 15 G5 and ZBook 17 G5 announced. 2019: April 16: ZBook 14u G6 and ZBook 15u G6; May 27: ZBook 15 G6 and ZBook 17 G6 announced. 2020: April 16: ZBook Create and ZBook Studio G7; May 26: ZBook Firefly 14 G7 and ZBook Firefly 15 G7 announced. September 1: ZBook Fury 15 G7, ZBook Fury 17 G7 and ZBook Power G7 2020: December 7: ZBook Firefly 14 and 15 G8 launched Models First generation The ZBook family originally comprised the following models: ZBook 14: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15: 15.6" workstation ZBook 17: 17.3" workstation All models featured Intel Haswell dual- and quad-core processors, AMD and Nvidia professional graphics and up to 32 GB of RAM, except for the ZBook 14, which was limited to 16 GB of RAM. The ZBook 15 and ZBook 17 use Intel Socket G3 except for the ZBook 14 which has the processor soldered-on. Specifications Second generation The second generation comprised the following models: ZBook 14 G2: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15u G2: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15 G2: 15.6" workstation ZBook 17 G2: 17.3" workstation The ZBook 15 G2 and ZBook 17 G2 models were announced in September 2014 and included new Intel processors, AMD and Nvidia graphics, and Thunderbolt 2 connectivity. The ZBook 15 G2 and ZBook 17 G2 use Intel Socket G3 except for the ZBook 14 G2 and ZBook 15u G2 which have the processor soldered-on. Specifications Third generation The third generation comprised the following models: ZBook Studio G3: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15u G3: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15 G3: 15.6" workstation ZBook 17 G3: 17.3" workstation All models were announced in November 2015. Features include Intel Skylake Core and Xeon family processors, AMD FirePro and Nvidia Quadro graphics, and Thunderbolt 3. ZBook Studio G3 is the world’s first quad core workstation Ultrabook. HP ZBook Dock with Thunderbolt 3 announced with those models can link up to 10 devices at once. Specifications Fourth generation The following fourth-generation models are either discontinued or have been replaced by fifth-generation models: ZBook x2 G4: 14.0" workstation with detachable keyboard (2-in-1). Has similar performance specification to the 14u. ZBook 14u G4: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook ZBook Studio G4: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15u G4: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15 G4: 15.6" workstation ZBook 17 G4: 17.3" workstation All models featured Intel Kaby Lake dual- and quad-core processors, AMD and Nvidia professional graphics, up to 64 GB of RAM, and Thunderbolt 3. The ZBook 14u and 15u feature a mixture of dual-core Kaby Lake and quad-core Intel eighth-generation Kaby Lake R processors. Specifications Fifth generation The following fifth-generation models are either discontinued or have been replaced by sixth-generation models: ZBook 14u G5: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook ZBook 15u G5: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook ZBook Studio G5: 15.6" workstation targeted at creative industry. Prioritises higher display specifications (colour gamut, resolution etc.). ZBook Studio x360 G5: 15.6" convertible workstation. Similar to the Studio G5, but with a 360 degree hinge, and the option for a touchscreen. ZBook 15v G5: 15.6" workstation with a lower price point than the 15, but with similar features and performance to the 15. ZBook 15 G5: 15.6" workstation ZBook 17 G5: 17.3" workstation Specifications Sixth generation This generation of ZBook notebooks feature Intel Whiskey Lake quad-core CPU with integrated Intel Gen9 GPU and optional AMD Polaris 23 GPU for lightweight models, and Intel Coffee Lake R quad-core, hexa-core or octa-core CPU with integrated Intel Gen9 GPU and optional Nvidia Turing GPU for performance models. This generation also made Wi-Fi 6 available for ZBook products for the first time. All models continue to use the fifth-generation chassis design. ZBook 14u G6: 14.0" lightweight workstation ZBook 15u G6: 15.6" lightweight workstation ZBook 15 G6: 15.6" performance workstation ZBook 17 G6: 17.3" performance workstation Specifications Seventh generation This generation of ZBook notebooks feature Intel Comet Lake CPU with integrated Intel Gen9 GPU and optional Nvidia GPU. ZBook Firefly 14 G7: 14.0" lightweight workstation ZBook Firefly 15 G7: 15.6" lightweight workstation ZBook Create G7: 15.6" performance workstation ZBook Studio G7: 15.6" performance workstation ZBook Power 15 G7: 15.6" performance workstation ZBook Fury 15 G7: 15.6" performance workstation ZBook Fury 17 G7: 17.3" performance workstation ZBook Power 17 G7: 17.3" performance workstation Specifications Eighth generation This generation of ZBook Firefly notebooks feature Intel Tiger Lake CPU with Gen12 (Xe) Graphics, optional Nvidia T500 GPU and optional Qualcomm Snapdragon X55 5G WWAN. ZBook Firefly 14 G8: 14.0" lightweight workstation ZBook Firefly 15 G8: 15.6" lightweight workstation See also HP EliteBook Dell Precision ThinkPad P series and W series List of Hewlett-Packard products References Further reading External links HP Mobile Workstations Zbook Consumer electronics brands Computer-related introductions in 2013

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook The PowerBook (known as Macintosh PowerBook before 1997) is a family of Macintosh laptop computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1991 to 2006. During its lifetime, the PowerBook went through several major revisions and redesigns, often being the first to incorporate features that would later become standard in competing laptops. The PowerBook line was targeted at the professional market, and received numerous awards, especially in the second half of its life, such as the 2001 Industrial Design Excellence Awards "Gold" status, and Engadget's 2005 "Laptop of the Year". In 1999, the line was supplemented by the home and education-focused iBook family. The PowerBook was replaced by the MacBook Pro in 2006 as part of the Mac transition to Intel processors. 680x0-based models PowerBook 100 series In October 1991, Apple released the first three PowerBooks: the low-end PowerBook 100, the more powerful PowerBook 140, and the high end PowerBook 170, the only one with an active matrix display. These machines caused a stir in the industry with their compact dark grey cases, built-in trackball, and the innovative positioning of the keyboard that left room for palmrests on either side of the pointing device. Portable PC computers at the time were still oriented toward DOS, and tended to have the keyboard forward towards the user, with empty space behind it that was often used for function key reference cards. In the early days of Microsoft Windows, many notebooks came with a clip on trackball that fit on the edge of the keyboard molding. As usage of DOS gave way to the graphical user interface, the PowerBook's arrangement became the standard layout all future notebook computers would follow. The PowerBook 140 and 170 were the original PowerBook designs, while the PowerBook 100 was the result of Apple having sent the schematics of the Mac Portable to Sony, who miniaturized the components. Hence the PowerBook 100's design does not match those of the rest of the series, as it was actually designed after the 140 and 170 and further benefited from improvements learned during their development. The PowerBook 100, however, did not sell well until Apple dropped the price substantially. The 100 series PowerBooks were intended to tie into the rest of the Apple desktop products utilizing the corporate Snow White design language incorporated into all product designs since 1986. Unlike the Macintosh Portable, however, which was essentially a battery-powered desktop in weight and size, the light colors and decorative recessed lines did not seem appropriate for the scaled-down designs. In addition to adopting the darker grey colour scheme that coordinated with the official corporate look, they also adopted a raised series of ridges mimicking the indented lines on the desktops. The innovative look not only unified their entire product line, but set Apple apart in the marketplace. These early series would be the last to utilize the aging Snow White look, with the 190 adopting a new look along with the introduction of the 500 series. The first series of PowerBooks were hugely successful, capturing 40% of all laptop sales. Despite this, the original team left to work at Compaq, setting back updated versions for some time. When attempting to increase processing power, Apple was hampered by the overheating problems of the 68040; this resulted in the 100-series PowerBook being stuck with the aging 68030, which could not compete with newer-generation Intel 80486-based PC laptops introduced in 1994. For several years, new PowerBook and PowerBook Duo computers were introduced that featured incremental improvements, including color screens, but by mid-decade, most other companies had copied the majority of the PowerBook's features. Apple was unable to ship a 68040-equipped PowerBook until the PowerBook 500 series in 1994. The original PowerBook 100, 140, and 170 were replaced by the 145 (updated to the 145B in 1993), 160, and 180 in 1992. The 160 and 180 having video output allowing them to drive an external monitor. In addition, the PowerBook 180 had a superb-for-the-time active-matrix grayscale display, making it popular with the Mac press. In 1993, the PowerBook 165c was the first PowerBook with a color screen, later followed by the 180c. In 1994, the last true member of the 100-series form factor introduced was the PowerBook 150, targeted at value-minded consumers and students. The PowerBook 190, released in 1995, bears no resemblance to the rest of the PowerBook 100 series, and is in fact simply a Motorola 68LC040-based version of the PowerBook 5300 (and the last Macintosh model to utilize a Motorola 68k-family processor). Like the 190, however, the 150 also used the 5300 IDE-based logic-board architecture. From the 100's 68000 processor, to the 190's 68LC040 processor, the 100 series PowerBooks span the entire Apple 68K line, with the 190 even upgradable to a PowerPC processor. PowerBook Duo In 1992 Apple released a hybrid portable/desktop computer, the PowerBook Duo, continuing to streamline the subnotebook features introduced with the PowerBook 100. The Duos were a series of very thin and lightweight laptops with a minimum of features, which could be inserted into a docking station to provide the system with extra video memory, storage space, connectors, and could be connected to a monitor. PowerBook 500 series 1994 saw the introduction of the Motorola 68LC040-based PowerBook 500 series, code-named Blackbird. These models of PowerBooks were much sleeker and faster than the 100 series, which they replaced as the mid and high-end models. The 500 series featured DSTN (520) or active-matrix LCD displays (540 and 550), stereo speakers, and was the first computer to use a trackpad (although a similar technology had been included on the pioneering Gavilan SC 11 years earlier); it was also the first portable computer to offer built-in Ethernet networking. The PowerBook 500 series was the mainstay of the product line until the PowerBook 5300. The 500 series was the first PowerBook to feature PCMCIA slots, although this was an optional feature that required the user to sacrifice one of the two available battery slots to house the PCMCIA expansion cage. The PowerBook 500 series was released as Apple was already moving its desktop machines to the PowerPC processor range, and a future upgrade was promised from the start. This came in 1995, as an Apple Motherboard containing a 100 MHz 603e processor and 8 MB of RAM (which snapped into a slot containing the previous 25 or 33 MHz 68040 processor and the 4 MB of RAM on the previous daughterboard). At the same time Newer Technology offered an Apple-authorized 117 MHz Motherboard, which was more popular than the Apple product, and optionally came without any RAM. The company later offered 167 MHz and 183 MHz upgrades containing more memory and onboard cache memory to improve performance. Nonetheless, the internal architecture of the 500 series meant that the speed increase provided by the 100 and 117 MHz upgrades was, for most users, relatively small. The 500 series was completely discontinued upon the introduction of its replacement the PPC-based PowerBook 5300, with the PowerBook 190 replacing the 500 as the only 68LC040 PowerBook Apple offered. PowerPC-based models The PowerBook 5300, while highly anticipated as one of the first PowerPC-based PowerBooks (along with the PowerBook Duo 2300c, both released on the same day), had numerous problems. In its 5300ce incarnation with a TFT of 800x600 pixels, Apple offered a 117 MHz PPC, 32 MB of on-board RAM, and a hot-swappable drive bay. With all of these features, though, the 5300ce was quite ahead of other laptop models at the time. Multiple problems with reliability, stability and safety (by some, the model was referred as the "HindenBook" because the lithium ion batteries used actually burst into flame in Apple tests, necessitating a recall and downgrade to nickel metal hydride batteries) were present in the early 5300s. After Apple offered an Extended Repair Program, the series turned into a remarkably attractive machine, but never lost its bad reputation. The bad publicity of 5300 series added to the woes of "beleaguered Apple" during the mid-1990s. Apple recovered from the 5300 debacle in 1996 and 1997 by introducing three new PowerBooks: the PowerBook 1400, intended to replace the 5300 as a general-purpose PowerBook; the PowerBook 2400, intended as a slim, sleek sub-notebook to replace the PowerBook Duo; and the luxury model PowerBook 3400. The PowerBook 1400 and 3400 were the first PowerBooks ever to include an internal CD drive. Late in 1997, the PowerBook 3400 was adapted into the first PowerBook G3, codenamed the Kanga. This series was the last PowerBook model to employ a "real" keyboard with 1 cm high keys; all later models have flat keys. PowerBook G3 The first PowerBook G3 Series (completely redesigned from the Kanga) was released in 1998, although it was still an Old World ROM Mac. These new PowerBooks took design cues from the 500 series PowerBook, sporting dramatic curves and a jet-black plastic case. They were so fashionable that various G3 models became the personal computer of Carrie Bradshaw in the long-running Sex and the City television show. Debuting at roughly the same time as the G3 iMac, the "WallStreet/Mainstreet" series composed of models with varying features, such as different processing speeds (from 233 to 300 MHz) and the choice of 12-, 13-, or 14-inch screens. They all included dual drive bays capable of accommodating floppy drives, CD-ROM/DVD-ROM drives, hard drives, or even extra batteries. A second PowerBook G3 Series code-named "PDQ" was introduced later in 1998, with minor changes in configuration options, notably the inclusion of L2 cache in even the lowest-priced 233 MHz model, which helped overall performance. Apple introduced two later G3 PowerBook models, similar in appearance (curved, black plastic case with black rubberized sections) but thinner, lighter and with revised internal systems. The "Lombard" appeared in 1999, (AKA: Bronze Keyboard) a thinner, lighter, and faster (333 or 400 MHz) PowerBook with a longer battery life and had both USB and SCSI built in and was a New World ROM Mac, and then the "Pismo" in 2000, which replaced the single SCSI port with two FireWire ports, updated the PowerBook line to AGP graphics, a 100 MHz bus speed, and DVD-ROM optical drives standard, in addition to dropping the "G3" from the PowerBook name. The Pismo revision also brought AirPort wireless networking capability (802.11b), which had debuted in Apple's iBook in July 1999. CPU upgrade cards are available for both Lombard and Pismo models. PowerBook G4 Interim CEO Steve Jobs turned his eye to the redesign of the PowerBook series in 2000. The result, introduced in January 2001, was a completely re-designed New World PowerBook with a titanium skin and a 15.2-inch wide-aspect screen suitable for watching widescreen movies. Built with the PowerPC G4 processor, it was billed as "the first supercomputer you can actually take with you on an airplane." It was lighter than most PC based laptops, and due to the low power consumption of the PowerPC it outlasted them by hours. The TiBooks, as they were nicknamed, became a fashion item. They were especially popular in the entertainment business, where they adorned many desks in Hollywood motion pictures. Because of their large screens and high performance, Titanium Powerbooks were the first laptops to be widely deployed as desktop replacement computers. The industrial design of the notebooks quickly became a standard that others in the industry would follow, creating a new wave of wide-screened notebook computers. The Titanium PowerBooks were released in configurations of 400 MHz, 500 MHz, 550 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 867 MHz, and 1 GHz. They are the last PowerBooks able to boot Mac OS 9. In 2003, Apple launched both the largest-screen laptop in the world and Apple's smallest full-featured notebook computer. Both machines were made of anodized aluminum (coining the new nickname AlBook), featured DVD-burning capabilities, AirPort Extreme networking, Bluetooth, and 12.1-inch or 17-inch LCD displays. The 17-inch model included a fiber optic-illuminated keyboard, which eventually became standard on all 15-inch and 17-inch PowerBooks. Two ambient light sensors, located under each speaker grille, adjusted the brightness of the backlit keyboard and the display according to the light level. The 12-inch PowerBook's screen did not use the same panel as that used on the 12-inch iBook, while the 17-inch PowerBook used the same screen as that used on the 17-inch flat-panel iMac, but with a thinner backlight. Later in 2003, the 15-inch PowerBooks were redesigned and featured the same aluminum body style as their smaller and larger siblings, and with the same feature set as the 17-inch model (including the backlit keyboard). This basic design would carry through the transition to the Intel-based MacBook Pro, lasting until late 2008. In April 2004, the aluminum PowerBooks were upgraded. The SuperDrive was upgraded to 4× burning speed for DVDs, the fastest processor available was upgraded to 1.5 GHz, and the graphics cards were replaced with newer models, offering up to 128 MB of video memory. A third built-in speaker was added to the 12-inch model for improved midrange sound. In addition, AirPort Extreme cards became standard for all PowerBooks instead of being offered as an add-on option. In January 2005, the specifications of the aluminum PowerBooks were revised once more to accompany a price decrease. Processor speeds were increased to a maximum of 1.67 GHz on the higher specification 15-inch and all 17-inch versions, while the lower specification 15-inch model and the 12-inch unit saw an increase in speed to 1.5 GHz. Optical audio output was added to the 17-inch version. Memory and hard drive defaults were increased to 512 MB and 5400 rpm, respectively, with a new storage maximum of 100 GB on the 17-inch model. Each model also received an enhanced trackpad with scrolling capabilities, a revised Bluetooth module supporting BT 2.0+EDR, and a new feature that parks the drive heads when sudden motion is detected by an internal sensor. Support for the 30-inch Apple Cinema display was also introduced in the new 17-inch model and was optional in the 15-inch model via a build-to-order upgrade to the computer's video hardware. The SuperDrive now included DVD+R capability. In October 2005, the two higher-end PowerBooks were upgraded once again, with higher-resolution displays (1440 × 960 pixels on the 15-inch model, and 1680 × 1050 pixels on the 17-inch model) and faster 533 MHz DDR2 (PC2-4200) memory. The SuperDrive became standard equipment and included support for dual-layer DVDs on the 15- and 17-inch models. The 17-inch model was updated with a 120 GB standard hard drive, as well as a 7200 rpm, 100 GB build-to-order option. These drives were also options on the 15-inch PowerBook. The 12-inch model with SuperDrive remained unchanged in this respect, although each new PowerBook boasted a longer battery life. Battery recall On May 20, 2005, Apple and the Consumer Product Safety Commission announced the recall of some Apple PowerBook G4 batteries. The joint Apple/CPSC press release stated that an internal short could cause the battery cells to overheat, posing a fire hazard. Approximately 128,000 defective units were sold. Though the problems first appeared to be solved, they continued for many users. In early August 2006, Engadget reported that a PowerBook had "violently exploded" because of faulty battery. On August 24, 2006, Apple and the CPSC announced an additional recall of more batteries for the same PowerBook models. About 1.1 million battery packs in the United States were recalled; an additional 700,000 were sold outside the U.S. These batteries were manufactured by Sony; Dell, Toshiba, Lenovo, HP, Fujitsu and Acer laptops were also affected by the defective batteries. Discontinuation At the 2006 Macworld Conference & Expo, the MacBook Pro was introduced. The new notebooks, however, only came in 15.4-inch models and the 12-inch and 17-inch PowerBooks remained available for sale at Apple stores and retailers, as well as the 15-inch model, which was sold until supplies ran out. On April 24, 2006 the 17-inch PowerBook G4 was replaced by a 17-inch MacBook Pro variant. The 12-inch PowerBook G4 remained available until May 16, 2006, when the MacBook was introduced as a replacement for the iBook. Because of its availability in highly powerful configurations, it was also considered a replacement for the 12-inch PowerBook, ending the nearly 15-year production of PowerBook-branded computers. Traditionally, the portable line trailed the desktops in the utilization of the latest processors, with the notable exception of the PowerBook G3, which was released simultaneously with the desktop Power Macintosh G3. PowerBooks would continue to trail behind the desktop Macs, however, never even adopting the G5 processor. This was due primarily to the extreme heat caused by most of the full-sized processors available and unacceptable power consumption. With the introduction of the Intel-based Macs, once again, the MacBook Pro joined the iMac in sharing the new technology simultaneously. See also IBM RS/6000 laptops and IBM ThinkPad 800 series — another based on a PowerPC CPUs laptops. iBook MacBook References External links Apple's PowerBook specifications - Specifications for G3 and later PowerBooks. Apple-History the greatest powerbook collection Apple press release announcing January 2005 PowerBook revisions PowerPC Macintosh computers Computer-related introductions in 1991 Discontinued Apple Inc. products

laptop Form Factor and Weight

PowerBook 5300 The PowerBook 5300 is the first generation of PowerBook laptops manufactured by Apple Computer to use the PowerPC processor. Released in August 1995, these PowerBooks were notable for being the first to feature hot-swappable expansion modules for a variety of different units such as Zip drives; PC card slots as standard; and an infrared communication port. In common with most preceding Macintosh portables, SCSI, Serial, and ADB ports were included as standard. An internal expansion slot was also available for installing a variety of modules including Ethernet and video cards to drive a second monitor in mirroring or dual-screen modes. Although a significant advance over preceding portable Macs, the PowerBook 5300 suffered from a number of design faults and manufacturing problems that have led to it being cited as among the worst Apple products of all time. Among other issues, it is one of the first laptops to suffer negative publicity from battery fires, and features a hot-swappable drive bay with insufficient space for an internal CD-ROM drive. Specifications There are four models in the 5300 series, ranging from the low-end greyscale 5300 to the deluxe, high-resolution, TFT-equipped 5300ce: Design The PowerBook 5300 was designed during 1993 and 1994 under the codename M2. Compared with the preceding PowerBook 500 series, the 5300 was explicitly designed to be as small as possible (which precluded the use of a CD-ROM drive) and featured a more compact but less curvy design. Pop-out feet were used instead of the rotating rocker-style feet typical of earlier PowerBooks, and a slightly darker shade of grey was used for the plastic casing. The PowerBook 190 and 190cs used an identical casing and shared many features and internal components, but used the older and slower Motorola 68LC040 processor instead, which could be upgraded to a full PPC processor by swapping the logic board. Problems For a variety of reasons, the PowerBook 5300 series has been viewed as a disappointment. Problems with cracked cases and overheating batteries prompted several recalls, while some users were simply unimpressed with the specifications of the machine and its lackluster performance. Some systems, after heavy use, would develop hinge problems; cracking of the hinge covers, as well as internal ribbon cables wearing/tearing and causing the display to show vertical lines and occasionally black out completely. This problem existed on earlier Powerbook models as well, most notably the Powerbook 500 series (including 520, 540c and the black-cased, higher-spec Japan-only 550c) Lack of L2 cache Although the PowerPC 603e processor built into the 5300 series was relatively fast for its time, because these machines lacked a Level 2 cache, real world performance was much less than the CPU frequency would suggest. Expansion bay options The variety of expansion bay options available was wide, but because of the size and shape of the computer, fitting a CD-ROM drive into the available space wasn't possible. Apple had a prototype CD-ROM module compatible with non-standard 80 mm disks that would have been used with the PowerBook 5300 series, but finished versions of this device were never released. Instead, it was planned that the 5300 series would use 3.5 inch magneto-optical drive modules initially, with the option of releasing a stretched version a year or two later that had space for a full-sized CD-ROM drive. Batteries Two early production PowerBook 5300s caught fire, one at an Apple employee's house and another at the factory; it turned out that the Sony-manufactured lithium ion batteries had overheated while recharging. Apple recalled the 5300s sold (around a hundred machines) and replaced the batteries on these and all subsequent 5300s with nickel metal hydride batteries that provided only about 70% the endurance. At the time, the media viewed the problems with the PowerBook 5300 series as yet another example of Apple's decline. Legacy Apple's next high-end series of portables, the PowerBook 3400 series introduced in February 1997, shared an almost identical form factor with the 5300, right down to being able to share many of the same hot-swappable expansion modules. However, the 3400 series were substantially different on the inside, featuring DMA and PCI architecture. The first series of PowerBook G3 portables released in November 1997 were internally even more advanced, being built around the PowerPC G3 processor, though they still retained the basic PowerBook 5300 form factor. Apple did not introduce portables with an entirely new form factor until March 1998 with the release of the "Wallstreet" G3 PowerBooks. The 5300 is seen in several movies during the 1990s, including Liar Liar (1997), Free Willy 3: The Rescue (1997), Home Alone 3 (1997), The Saint (1997), Volcano (1997), My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), Jingle All the Way (1996), Ransom (1996) and Independence Day (1996). References External links Apple's datasheets: 5300, 5300c, 5300cs, 5300ce 5300 PowerPC Macintosh computers

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Sony Vaio TT series The Sony Vaio TT series was a line of high-end ultraportable notebook computers from Sony introduced in September 2008, with high-end features including an ultra-low voltage Core 2 Duo processor with DDR3 SDRAM; an 11.1", 16:9, 1366x768 LED-backlit LCD screen with built-in 0.3 megapixel webcam; choice of 1.8" hard drive or SSD (optionally with RAID); and optional Blu-ray drive. The weight of the laptop is 1.3 kg. The laptop's base price was $2000, and a configuration with a 1.4 GHz Core 2 Duo U9400 CPU, 4 GB of RAM, two 128 GB SSDs in RAID and Blu-ray writer cost $4,450. The system sold very poorly in the United States and Europe, due to competition from netbooks costing as little as 10% of the TT's price, and was discontinued less than a year after its introduction. It was replaced in the lineup by the X series, also an 11.1" laptop, but reduced in weight, price and performance, due to the use of the Intel Atom processor and the omission of the optical drive. It continued to be sold in the Asia Pacific region, where an updated model featuring a U9600 (1.6 GHz) CPU and Windows 7 was released. It was discontinued in early 2010. The 11-inch MacBook Air, released in October 2010, had similar specifications to the Vaio TT series. References TT Computer-related introductions in 2008

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Rugged computer A rugged, or ruggedized computer is a computer specifically designed to operate reliably in harsh usage environments and conditions, such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures and wet or dusty conditions. They are designed from inception for the type of rough use typified by these conditions, not just in the external housing but in the internal components and cooling arrangements as well. Typical environments for rugged laptops, tablet PCs and PDAs are public safety, field sales, field service, manufacturing, retail, healthcare, construction, transportation/distribution and the military. They are used in the agricultural industries, and by individuals for outdoor recreation activities. Construction Virtually all rugged computers share an underlying design philosophy of providing a controlled environment for the installed electronics. Rugged computers are engineered to operate in the face of multiple challenges including: Shock and vibration Temperature and humidity Corrosion and abrasion Minimal size, weight, and power (SWaP) Acoustic noise reduction Low pressure/altitude Ingress protection Electromagnetic interference Electronic components themselves may be selected for their ability to withstand higher and lower operating temperatures than typical commercial components. Design engineering decisions such as reduction of cabling, addition of liquid cooling and heat sinks, and rugged materials, are made to ensure performance in harsh environments. Features include fully sealed keyboards to protect against intrusion by dust or liquids, and scratch-resistant screens that are readable in direct sunlight. Rugged units have higher prices. However, one research study found that in environments where rugged computers are commonly used, total cost of ownership was 36% lower for rugged notebooks and 33% less for handhelds and PDAs, compared to conventional non-rugged versions. The lower overall cost is due to lower failure rates, the related impact on productivity, and other factors. Laptops A ruggedized laptop is built to operate reliably in dusty or wet environments and conditions. These computers have a thicker and stronger housing than a regular laptop, and are mainly used for industrial, construction and military purposes. Engineered to be mobile, they are vibration, shock, drop, and dust resistant, and waterproof, yet are able to comply with other important requirements such as high performance and governmental grade security. They are equipped with both current and legacy I/O ports including serial, ExpressCard, PCMCIA, VGA, and others that are commonly used in outdoor environments. The levels of ruggedization are not standardized, but they are measured by various certifications such as MIL-STD-810, IP, or ATEX. Tablets A rugged tablet may be semi-rugged or fully rugged. The semi-rugged might have a protective case, rain-resistant body. Fully rugged tablets are engineered from the inside-out to work in extreme temperatures and other harsh conditions. They are designed to resist drops, shocks and vibrations while maintaining strength to be dust- and waterproof. A tablet has internally a solid state drive and no moving parts. Unlike many laptops, most tablets do not require a fan, improving their dust and water resistance. Many rugged ones have options such as a barcode scanner because they serve in the logistics and transport sector. Levels of ruggedization are measured by various certifications such as IP, MIL-STD-810 or ATEX. Smartphones A rugged smartphone has a thicker and completely sealed housing which protects it against all kinds of elements such as water, dust, shock and vibration. This kind of smartphone can be left out in a sandstorm, frozen in a blizzard or go underwater. A true fully rugged smartphone is substantially less susceptible to damage than a non-rugged smartphone. Like a rugged tablet, it typically meets IP certification and military standard specifications for dust, shock, vibration, rain, humidity, solar radiation, altitude and temperature extremes. Only a few manufacturers make a rugged smartphone due to its complicated structure, different use of material and high level of quality expectation. Some rugged smartphones have Push-to-Talk (PTT) capabilities, NFC and barcode reader functions which suit their use for industrial and construction logistics. Standards MIL-STD-810: Specifically MIL-STD-810G CN1 (2014), a military standard, issued in 1962, which establishes a set of tests for determining equipment suitability to military operations. Often used as a reference in the commercial laptop industry. MIL-STD-461: A United States Military Standard that describes how to test equipment for electromagnetic compatibility. MIL-S-901: a military standard for shock which applies to equipment mounted on ships. Two levels apply. Grade A items are items which are essential to the safety and continued combat capability of the ship. Grade B items are items whose operation is not essential to the safety and combat capability of the ship but which could become a hazard to personnel, to Grade A items, or to the ship as a whole as a result of exposure to shock. Qualification testing is performed on a barge floating in a pond where TNT is detonated at various distances and depths in the pond to impart shock to the barges. IEEE 1156.1-1993 IEEE Standard Microcomputer Environmental Specifications for Computer Modules IEEE 1613 Computers in electrical substations used to concentrate data or communicate with SCADA systems follow IEEE 1613 "Standard Environmental and Testing Requirements for Communications Networking Devices in Electric Power Substations." IP (Ingress Protection): see IP Code IS (Intrinsic Safety): see Intrinsic safety TEMPEST: see Tempest (codename) ATEX (Potentially Explosive Atmospheres): see Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) IK Code (Also known as EN50102) see EN 50102 European standard EN 50155, "Railway Applications—Electronic Equipment Used On Rolling Stock", provides an example of a tough non-military specification. It extends operating temperature range (−25 – +70 °C), resistance to humidity, shocks, vibrations, radiation - encountered in vehicle or airborne installations. Wireless connectivity Wireless capability is a key requirement for most enterprise mobility applications, and it has been reported that wireless-transmission failure rates are three times higher for non-rugged notebooks compared to rugged units. This difference is attributed to the greater experience of rugged-notebook vendors at integrating multiple radios into their products. Each transmission failure leads to five to ten minutes in lost productivity as the user has to re-login to the company network through a VPN. Since enterprises are turning to cellular networks to enable full-time connectivity for their users, major vendors of rugged computers offer both built-in wireless LAN and wireless WAN capabilities, and partner with cellular carriers, such as Verizon and AT&T, as part of their offerings. During the handoff between the various wireless LAN and wireless WAN connections, a mobile VPN allows the connection to persist, creating an always-connected infrastructure that is simpler for the user and eliminates application crashes and data loss. See also :Category:Avionics computers List of emerging technologies Industrial PC IP68 Military computers MIL-STD-810 Mobile computer Portable computer 19-inch rack Toughbook Toughpad References Classes of computers fr:Ordinateur renforcé zh:工業電腦

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Acer Aspire Acer Aspire (stylised as Λspire or ΛSPIRE) is a series of personal computers by Acer Inc. aimed at casual household users. The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops. Acer developed the series to range from essentials to high performance. The Aspire mainly competes against computers such as Asus' Transformer Book Flip, VivoBook and Zenbook, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, HP's Pavilion, Spectre, Stream and Envy, Lenovo's IdeaPad, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite. The Aspire series was first brought to the market in 1999 when the Aspire 1151 was introduced and featured a 200 MHz Intel Pentium. The Aspire series then replaced the AcerPower series in 2002 and became one of Acer's main series. Switch tablets Acer Aspire Switch is a series of two-in-one tablet computers running Windows 8, with a tablet and detachable keyboard sold together. List of Acer Aspire Switch Models SW3-013 SW3-013P SW3-016 SW3-016P SW5-011 SW5-012 SW5-012P SW5-014 SW5-014P SW5-015 SW5-111 SW5-111P SW5-171 SW5-171P SW5-173 SW5-173P SW5-271 SW7-272 SW7-272P Switch 10 Acer Aspire Switch 10 was announced in April 2014. It is a 10.1-inch two-in-one, with a resolution display and Intel Atom Z3745 processor. A second-generation Acer Aspire Switch 10 was then launched in October 2014 It was given a different display resolution of , and a different Intel Atom Z3735F processor. Switch 11 Acer Aspire Switch 11 was announced in September 2014, as a larger 11.6-inch version, that was planned for release in November. There are two models of the Acer Aspire Switch 11: The Acer Aspire Switch 11 SW5-111 with an Intel Atom Z3735 processor, 2GB RAM, and a resolution display, and the Acer Aspire Switch 11 SW5-171 with an Intel Core i3 processor, 4GB RAM, and a resolution display. Laptop models Acer Markets their Aspire laptops under many different sub series such as Aspire E series, Aspire F series, Aspire M series, Aspire P series, Aspire R series, Aspire S series, Aspire V Nitro series, Aspire V series and Aspire VX series. All-in-Ones models List of Acer Aspire All-in-Ones Models 5600U 5920G 7600U A3-600 C20-220 Elxan C20-720 C22-720 C22-760 C22-860 C24-760 C24-865 C24-963 U27-880 U5-610 U5-620 U5-710 Z1100 Z1110 Z1-211 Z1220 Z1-601 Z1-602 Z1-611 Z1-612 Z1620 Z1-621 Z1-621G Z1-622 Z1-623 Z1650 Z1-751 Z1-752 Z1800 Z1801 Z1810 Z1811 Z1850 Z20-730 Z20-780 Z22-780 Z24-880 Z3100 Z3101 Z3-105 Z3-115 Z3170 Z3171 Z3280 Z3-600 Z3-601 Z3-605 Z3-610 Z3-613 Z3-615 Z3620 Z3-700 Z3-705 Z3-710 Z3-711 Z3-715 Z3730 Z3731 Z3760 Z3761 Z3770 Z3771 Z3800 Z3801 Z5101 Z5600 Z5610 Z5700 Z5710 Z5730 Z5751 Z5760 Z5761 Z5770 Z5771 Z5801 ZC-102 ZC-105 ZC-106 ZC-107 ZC-602 ZC-605 ZC-606 ZC-610 ZC-700 ZC-700G ZS600 ZS600G 5100 series Desktop models Aspire is a series of personal computers by Acer Inc. aimed at the casual household user or for small business use. The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops. Acer developed the series in order to cover from essentials to high performances. The AcerPower S series was replaced by the Aspire desktop series in 2002. The AcerPower S Series consisted of two types: the AcerPower Se Series and the AcerPower Sn Series desktop. As of July 2019 Acer offers three desktop Aspire model lines. References External links Aspire Aspire Consumer electronics brands Ultrabooks

laptop Form Factor and Weight

MBC-550 The Sanyo MBC-550 is a small and inexpensive personal computer in "pizza-box" style, featuring an Intel 8088 microprocessor and running a version of MS-DOS. Sold by Sanyo, it was the least expensive early IBM PC compatible. The MBC-550 has much better video display possibilities than the CGA card (8 colors at 640x200 resolution, vs CGA's 4 colors at 320x200 or 2 colors at 640x200), but it is not completely compatible with the IBM-PC. The computer lacks a standard BIOS, having only a minimal bootloader in ROM that accesses hardware directly to load a RAM-based BIOS. The diskette format (FM rather than MFM) used is not completely compatible with the IBM PC, but special software on an original PC or PC/XT (but not PC/AT) can read and write the diskettes, and software expecting a standard 18.2 Hz clock interrupt has to be rewritten. The MBC-550 was also the computer for NRI training. Starting by building the computer, the NRI promised you would be "qualified to service and repair virtually every major brand of computer". NRI advertised in Popular Mechanics and Popular Science throughout 1985. The MBC-550 is less PC compatible than the IBM PCjr. Its inability to use much PC software was a significant disadvantage; InfoWorld reported in August 1985 that Sanyo "has initiated a campaign to sell off" of MBC-550 inventory. The company's newer computers were, an executive claimed, 99% PC compatible. Soft Sector Magazine SOFT SECTOR was a magazine for people who owned Sanyo MBC-550 and 555 DOS computers. (But much of the content equally applied to most IBM clones at the time.) A typical issue includes news, reviews, how-to's, technical advice and education, tips and tricks, as well as BASIC language programs that you could copy from the printed page, and adapt to suit your needs. Models MBC-550 : 1 x 5.25" disk drive (160 KB) MBC-555 : 2 x 5.25" disk drive (160 KB) MBC-555-2 : 2 x 5.25" disk drive (360 KB) MBC-555-3 : 2 x 5.25" disk drive (720 KB) References Sanyo products IBM PC compatibles

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lenovo ThinkPad X220 The Lenovo ThinkPad X220 is a laptop computer from the ThinkPad series that was manufactured by Lenovo. A tablet version was also released. Modifications The keyboard from the X220 has been retrofitted in a X230. References External links Arch Linux wiki - X220 Thinkwiki.de - X220 Lenovo

laptop Form Factor and Weight

IBM WorkPad Z50 The IBM WorkPad Z50 is a handheld PC that was marketed by IBM as part of the IBM WorkPad series. It runs on Windows CE. History It was released in 1999 for a price of $999. Specifications Z50 is a subnotebook, weighting 1206g, with up-to 8 hours battery life from its Li-ION battery. It uses MIPS 4100 CPU (NEC VR4121) at 131MHz, and features 16MiB RAM and ROM. It has a 640x480 display. WIRED noted that it bears similarity to the ThinkPad series. It has been deliverd with Windows CE. NetBSD is also compatible with the Z50. Reception PC Mag noted the great keyboard and large amount of RAM. References External links Review mars.dti.ne.jp Z50 Impressions Windows CE devices IBM laptops Computer-related introductions in 1999

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Compaq Portable III The Compaq Portable III is a PC/AT-compatible computer released by Compaq Computer Corporation in 1987. It was advertised as being much smaller and lighter than the previous portable x86-PCs; however it was still quite large by today's standards. Three models were announced at release. The Model 1 had a list price of and was equipped with a Intel 80286, 640 kilobytes of RAM, floppy drive, and a colored gas-plasma display. Other models included the Model 20 at which added a twenty megabyte hard disk, or $5799 for the Model 40 with the upgraded forty megabyte hard disk. When Compaq launched its Portable III, the launch was timed to occurs simultaneously in twelve countries around the world, in keeping with Compaq's showmanship style. The Portable III was designed to be the smallest, lightest and fastest 386 machine, since Compaq was under the pressure from Toshiba with it's T-1100 and T-3100 and Zenith with it's Z-181. Compaq only had 286 motherboards ready mass production, so the 386 version, the Compaq Portable 386, would follow about one year later. The design of the Portable III had been deeply modified over the earlier Compaq portable series of machines. It was half the size and its footprint occupied half the space of the first Compaq Portable. The most remarkable feature was its gas plasma display which lifted up and swiveled so that it could be placed in a good position for reading. It also has a proprietary graphics mode that allows it to run at true 640 x 400 mode. Windows 2.11 had a Compaq Portable display driver for 640 x 400 mode, but Windows 3, and later Microsoft operating systems require the memory management of Intel 386 CPU. The optional 80287 coprocessor ran at 8 MHz regardless of the speed of the 80286, and the 640K bytes of RAM were made up of 100-ns 256K-bit chips. The Portable III lacked the internal expansion ports of previous Portables and desktop PCs of the time, but Compaq offered an optional external expansion unit(model 2662A), that provided two full length, 16-bit ISA add-in cards for $199. The external expansion unit was electrically connected to the computer by a 96-pin port. This unit was a more flexible option than the completely detached expansion units made for other portables. Because it gets its power from the computer via this port, it could be securely attached it to the Portable III, and carried as if it were part of the machine. More than one expansion unit could be configured for different needs, allowing it considerable versatility for its time. Power is supplied using a mains electricity outlet, it was not designed to run on batteries. References External links oldcomputers.net - Compaq III Portable computer net2000plus.tripod.com - Compaq Portable III computer archive.org/details/compaq-portable-3-operations-user-manual Compaq Portable III User Manual 3

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Lean body mass Lean body mass (LBM), sometimes conflated with fat-free mass, is a component of body composition. Fat free mass (FFM) is calculated by subtracting body fat weight from total body weight: total body weight is lean plus fat. In equations: LBM = BW − BF Lean body mass equals body weight minus body fat LBM + BF = BW Lean body mass plus body fat equals body weight LBM differs from FFM in that cellular membranes are included in LBM although this is only a small percent difference in the body's mass (up to 3% in men and 5% in women) The percentage of total body mass that is lean is usually not quoted – it would typically be 60–90%. Instead, the body fat percentage, which is the complement, is computed, and is typically 10–40%. The lean body mass (LBM) has been described as an index superior to total body weight for prescribing proper levels of medications and for assessing metabolic disorders, as body fat is less relevant for metabolism. LBW is used by anesthesiologists to dose certain medications. For example, due to the concern of postoperative opioid-induced ventilatory depression in the obese patient, opioids are best based on lean body weight. The induction dose of propofol should also be based on LBW. Estimation LBM is usually estimated using mathematical formulas. Several formulas exist, having different utility for different purposes. For example, the Boer formula is method of choice for LBM estimation to calculate the dose given in contrast CT in obese individuals with BMI between 35 and 40. A nomogram based on height, weight and arm circumference may be used. Boer For men: LBM = (0.407 × W) + (0.267 × H) − 19.2 For women: LBM = (0.252 × W) + (0.473 × H) − 48.3 where W is body weight in kilograms and H is body height in centimeters. Hume The following formula may be used: For men: LBM = (0.32810 × W) + (0.33929 × H) − 29.5336 For women: LBM = (0.29569 × W) + (0.41813 × H) − 43.2933 where W is body weight in kilograms and H is body height in centimeters. Actual measurement Instead of mathematical estimation the actual value of LBM may be calculated using various technologies such as Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). References Body shape Human body weight Ratios

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Grid Compass The Grid Compass (written GRiD by its manufacturer GRiD Systems Corporation) was one of the first laptop computers. History Development began in 1979, and the main buyer was the U.S. government. NASA used it on the Space Shuttle during the early 1980s, as it was powerful, lightweight, and compact. The military Special Forces also purchased the machine, as it could be used by paratroopers in combat. Along with the Gavilan SC and Sharp PC-5000 released the following year, the GRiD Compass established much of the basic design of subsequent laptop computers, although the laptop concept itself owed much to the Dynabook project developed at Xerox PARC from the late 1960s. The Compass company subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace. Competitors The portable Osborne 1 computer sold at around the same time as the GRiD, was more affordable and more popular, and ran the popular CP/M operating system. But, unlike the Compass, the Osborne was not a laptop and lacked the Compass's refinement and small size. Models The Compass ran its own operating system, GRiD-OS. Its specialized software and high price (US$8,000–$10,000) meant that it was limited to specialized applications; Compass The initial model, the 1101, was introduced in April 1982; Former 1100 model (testing version without modem) were extremely rare and hard to find. The computer was designed by British industrial designer Bill Moggridge. Design The design used a clamshell case (where the screen folds flat to the rest of the computer when closed), which was made from a magnesium alloy. The computer featured an Intel 8086 processor, a electroluminescent display, 340-kilobyte magnetic bubble memory, and a 1,200 bit/s modem. Devices such as hard drives and floppy drives could be connected via the IEEE-488 I/O (also known as the GPIB or General Purpose Instrumentation Bus). This port made it possible to connect multiple devices to the addressable device bus. It weighed 5 kg (11 lb). The power input is ~110/220 V AC, 47–66 Hz, 75 W. Compass II The Compass II was released in 1984; known a 1121, 1129, 1131 and 1139 models. References External links InfoWorld Aug 2, 1982 InfoWorld Nov 8, 1982 Laptops History of computing hardware RadioShack Products introduced in 1982

laptop Form Factor and Weight

Vaio VGN-TX2 The Vaio VGN-TX2 was a subnotebook, or ultraportable, computer made by Sony. Overview The Vaio VGN-TX2 stands out by its quiet operation, long battery life and low weight compared to similar models from other manufacturers. This required a low-power processor to be chosen, and as a result, the clock speed remained at 1.1 GHz for the "HP" and 1.2 GHz for the more expensive "XP" model. The other difference between the two models is that the HP has 512 MiB of RAM and the XP 1 GiB. To achieve the low weight, Sony chose a carbon-fibre case. It was released in September 2005. Versions The TX had been released into four types in North America, with the 600, 700, 800 and TXN series. The 600 series came with a 1.2 GHz Pentium M processor and 60 gigabyte hard drive. The 700 series is similar, except it had a 1.3 GHz Pentium M processor and 80 gigabyte hard drive. The 800 series had the same hard drive as the 700 series but instead had a 1.2 GHz Core Solo processor, giving it even longer battery life than its predecessors. This iteration of the TX line also had a built-in fingerprint reader. The TXN model was only available in North America and is similar to the TX800, except it had a built in Sprint EVDO modem and antenna whereas the TX800 series lacked either. The previous TX600s and TX700s had built-in Cingular EDGE modems and antennas. The TXN models were also slightly heavier and thicker than all other TX models to accommodate the built-in Sprint EVDO WWAN modem. Features The TX series used 1.8-inch hard drives with most units having 512 MB of ram built into the motherboard and one RAM slot free to be upgraded to 1.5 GB of RAM max, whereas some higher-end models have 1 GB of RAM built in and so were able to be upgraded to 2 GB of RAM max. They also had an instant-on feature, which has become a common feature in notebooks since HP introduced it in their notebooks in late 2004 which lets one play DVD movies, view photos from a memory stick or SD card or play music CDs without booting up to Windows. It has different model names outside North America. The VGN-TX2 is the European–Japanese equivalent of the VGN-TX7XXP for instance and the VGN-TX3 is identical to the VGN-TX8XXP. All models used the older PCMCIA card standard whereas some of its competitors at the time opted to use the newer Expresscard format. Like most Vaio notebooks, this model had a widescreen display, in this case with a resolution of 1366×768 pixels and 11.1 inches diagonally which gives it a 16:9 aspect ratio vs 16:10 for most other widescreen notebooks. It weighs 1.25 kg. Within the Vaio range, its weight is undercut by the Vaio PCG-X505, which weighs only 780 g and the recently released Vaio G series. However, these latter models do not have a built-in optical drive. The TX also can be fitted with an extended battery which has roughly twice the capacity as its standard battery. The standard battery has roughly 7800 mAh capacity. The final release of the TX such as the VGN-TXN2X series known in North America and VGN-TX5 in Europe were preloaded with Windows Vista Business edition instead of Windows XP Professional. Now superseded The TX series was superseded by the Sony Vaio TZ series in April 2007 which featured ULV Core 2 Duo processors, an Expresscard slot, and other updates. It retained the same size 11.1" LED backlit LCD and AV Mode/buttons. References External links TX Series Home Tx Subnotebooks

laptop Form Factor and Weight