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are arranged in a group of three, the group resembling a candelabra, with a stalk or peduncle long. The flowers on the end have a stalk or pedicel long but the central flower is stalkless. There are four or five dark red petals long with a club-like end. Flowering is mostly in summer and is followed by almost spherical, red fruits about in diameter. Taxonomy and naming. This mistletoe was first formally described in 1830 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, who gave it the name "Loranthus gaudichaudii" and published the description in "Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis". In 1895
Amyema gaudichaudii
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, the French botanist, Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem changed the name to "Amyema gaudichaudii". The specific epithet ("gaudichaudii") honours Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré, the collector of the type specimen. Distribution and habitat. "Amyema gaudichaudii" only grows on melaleucas in forest and swamp woodland. It has been recorded on seven species of melaleuca, especially on "M. decora" and "M. bracteata". It occurs in two disjunct populations in Queensland and New South Wales. In Queensland it is found in the western Darling Downs and in New South Wales in coastal areas between the Hunter and Illawarra districts. Ecology. This mistletoe is a food
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source for the caterpillars of "Delias aganippe" and "Ogyris amaryllis". Amyema gaudichaudii Amyema gaudichaudii, commonly known as melaleuca mistletoe is a plant in the family Loranthaceae endemic to eastern Australia. Like other mistletoes, it is a shrubby, woody, aerial hemiparasite plant. It has relatively small, wedge-shaped leaves and small, dark red flowers arranged in groups of three. It only grows on a few species of "Melaleuca". Description. "Amyema gaudichaudii" is a mistletoe with wedge-shaped leaves long, wide, tapering to a petiole long and with a rounded end. The plant is glabrous apart from a few short rust-coloured
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Krzysztof Drzazga Krzysztof Drzazga Krzysztof Drzazga (born 20 June 1995) is a Polish footballer who plays for Miedź Legnica as a forward. Career. Club. Drzazga scored his first goal for Wisła Kraków on 9 August 2016 in a Polish Cup match against Zagłębie Sosnowiec. On 9 March 2019 he scored his first goals in the Ekstraklasa by scoring a hat-trick in a 6–2 victory against Korona Kielce. He followed that up by scoring the opening goal in a 3–2 victory over Cracovia. On 31 July 2020 he signed a two-year contract with Miedź Legnica. Krzysztof Drzazga Krzysztof Drzazga (born 20
Krzysztof Drzazga
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Robert Henry Davies Robert Henry Davies Sir Robert Henry Davies, (20 September 1824 – 23 August 1902), known as Sir Henry Davies, was a British colonial official in British India, who served as Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab. Biography. Davies was born in 1824, the son of a Welsh physician, Sir David Davies, who was a physician to King William IV. He was educated at Charterhouse School and the East India Company College ("Haileybury"). He became a writer (clerk) in the Bengal civil service in 1844 and was an official under the East India Company and the British Raj for the rest of his
Robert Henry Davies
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career. He served as assistant to the Commissioner of the Sutlej states, and later as settlement officer of the Lahore division. Transferring to Oudh State, he was Chief Commissioner there from 1868 until 1871 (having acted in the post 1865–66), then became Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab in 1871, serving until 1877. Davies was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) in 1874, and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1877. After his return to the United Kingdom, he was a member of the Council of India, based
Robert Henry Davies
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in London, from 1885 until 1895, when he retired. Davies died at Halebourne, Chobham on 23 August 1902, and is buried in the churchyard of St Mary and St Botolph, Thorney, Cambridgeshire. Family. Davies married first Jane Elizabeth Cautley, daughter of Major General G. Cautley. After the death of his first wife, he remarried Mary France Cautley, daughter of Rev. Joshua Cautley. She died in 1879. His brother, William Henry Davies, was a first-class cricketer. Robert Henry Davies Sir Robert Henry Davies, (20 September 1824 – 23 August 1902), known as Sir Henry Davies, was a British colonial official in
Robert Henry Davies
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Scotland national under-18 football team Scotland national under-18 football team The Scotland national under-18 football team is the national football team representing Scotland for players of 18 years of age or under at the start of a denoted campaign. The team, which is controlled by the Scottish Football Association, acts as a feeder team to the Scotland national football team. History. Scotland's best performance at a European Championship Finals occurred in 1982, when they won the tournament. The team was then managed by Andy Roxburgh and Walter Smith, who would both go on to manage the senior side. Scotland defeated rivals England in the
Scotland national under-18 football team
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qualifying round and finished top of Group 4, which also included the Netherlands. Scotland beat Poland 2–0 in the semi-finals and Czechoslovakia 3–1 in the final. Scotland reached the semi-finals on seven other occasions. Scotland hosted the 1970 tournament, where they won a group containing Bulgaria, Sweden and Italy, but then lost 1–0 to Netherlands in the semi-final. In the 1978 tournament, hosted by Poland, Scotland topped a group containing Germany and Italy to qualify for the semi-final, where they lost on penalties to Yugoslavia. The age group of the competition was adjusted upwards by one
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year for the 2002 tournament, with Scotland entering an under-19 team from then on. The Scotland under-18 team consequently fell into abeyance, aside from sporadic friendly matches including double-headers against Serbia in April 2012, Israel in April 2013 and the Czech Republic in October 2014. In 2018, recognising a gap in progression for the best players of the relevant age (several of whom were "Performance School" participants fast-tracked into the under-17s but not ready for the step up to under-19s), the SFA announced that the under-18 team would be re-established to offer more match experience as part
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of the same group. Competitive record. European Championships. "For results since 2001, see Scotland national under-19 football team". Notes Current squad. The following players were selected for a tournament hosted by Turkey in September 2019. Scotland national under-18 football team The Scotland national under-18 football team is the national football team representing Scotland for players of 18 years of age or under at the start of a denoted campaign. The team, which is controlled by the Scottish Football Association, acts as a feeder team to the Scotland national football team. History. Scotland's best performance at a European Championship Finals
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Ischnochiton textilis Ischnochiton textilis Ischnochiton textilis, the textile chiton, is a medium-sized polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the coasts of South Africa and Namibia. Description. The shell is pale yellow to grey. Lateral areas and end valves bear fine radiating ridges, while the central plates are subtly pitted. The girdle is covered in small oval scales, each crossed by 12-24 fine ridges visible only under the microscope. The species is 20–40 mm in size. Distribution and habitat. "Ischnochiton textilis" occurs along the coastline of Southern Africa. Along the coast of the Cape of Good Hope, groups are
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common on the underside of boulders in rock pools, from where it may detach and roll up into a ball if disturbed. Ischnochiton textilis Ischnochiton textilis, the textile chiton, is a medium-sized polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the coasts of South Africa and Namibia. Description. The shell is pale yellow to grey. Lateral areas and end valves bear fine radiating ridges, while the central plates are subtly pitted. The girdle is covered in small oval scales, each crossed by 12-24 fine ridges visible only under the microscope. The species is 20–40 mm in size. Distribution
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Aphis genistae Aphis genistae Aphis genistae is an aphid of the family "Aphididae". Distribution. This species can be found in most of Europe eastward to Ukraine and Turkey, and in the Nearctic realm (it has been introduced to North America). Description. "Aphis genistae" can reach a length of . Apterae are black, coated with wax meal, while alatae have 4-8 secondary rhinaria. Biology. These insects mainly feed on small branches and flowers of "Genista anglica", "Genista lydia" and "Genista tinctoria" (hence the species name), but they have also been collected on Laburnum, Cytisus, Petteria, Spartium and Sophora species. These aphids sometimes have
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a mutualistic relationship with ants. They are holocyclic (sex is involved, leading to egg production) and oviparae. Sexual females mate with the alate males in September to produce overwintering eggs. Aphis genistae Aphis genistae is an aphid of the family "Aphididae". Distribution. This species can be found in most of Europe eastward to Ukraine and Turkey, and in the Nearctic realm (it has been introduced to North America). Description. "Aphis genistae" can reach a length of . Apterae are black, coated with wax meal, while alatae have 4-8 secondary rhinaria. Biology. These insects mainly feed on small branches and flowers
Aphis genistae
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Xu Yue Xu Yue Xu Yue was a second-century mathematician, born in Donglai, in present-day Shandong province, China. Little is known of his life except that he was a student of Liu Hong, an astronomer and mathematician in second century China, and had frequent discussions with the Astronomer-Royal of the Astronomical Bureau. Works. Xu Yue wrote a commentary on "Nine Chapters on Mathematical Art" and a treatise, "Notes on Traditions of Arithmetic Methods". The commentary has been lost but his own work has survived with a commentary from Zhen Luan. "Notes on Traditions of Arithmetic Methods" mentions 14 old
Xu Yue
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methods of calculation. This book was a prescribed mathematical text for the Imperial examinations in 656 and became one of "The Ten Mathematical Classics" (算经十书) in 1084. Xu Yue Xu Yue was a second-century mathematician, born in Donglai, in present-day Shandong province, China. Little is known of his life except that he was a student of Liu Hong, an astronomer and mathematician in second century China, and had frequent discussions with the Astronomer-Royal of the Astronomical Bureau. Works. Xu Yue wrote a commentary on "Nine Chapters on Mathematical Art" and a treatise, "Notes on Traditions of Arithmetic
Xu Yue
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David Riebe David Riebe David Riebe (born 1 May 1988, Hällestad, Skåne, Sweden) is a Swedish composer who has won second prize in Uppsala Composition Competition (Swedish: ) in Sweden and third prize in the All-Russian Open Composers’ Competition in Honor of Andrey Petrov (Russian: Всероссийский открытый конкурс композиторов им. А.П. Петрова) in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2015 he was elected a member of the Swedish Society of Composers (Föreningen svenska tonsättare). Riebe has a master's degree in composition from the Malmö Academy of Music in Sweden where he studied with Luca Francesconi, Rolf Martinsson, Staffan Storm and Kent Olofsson. He
David Riebe
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has also studied with Michele Tadini and Philippe Hurel at Conservatoire National Supérieur Musique et Danse (CNSMD) in Lyon, France. David Riebe David Riebe (born 1 May 1988, Hällestad, Skåne, Sweden) is a Swedish composer who has won second prize in Uppsala Composition Competition (Swedish: ) in Sweden and third prize in the All-Russian Open Composers’ Competition in Honor of Andrey Petrov (Russian: Всероссийский открытый конкурс композиторов им. А.П. Петрова) in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2015 he was elected a member of the Swedish Society of Composers (Föreningen svenska tonsättare). Riebe has a master's degree in composition from the
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Grey Rabbit Grey Rabbit Grey Rabbit, also known as Grey Rabbit Camper Tours, was an American company based in the San Francisco Bay Area that operated long-distance bus service from 1971 to 1983. It was one of a few small, long-distance bus companies established in the U.S. in the 1970s that specialized in inexpensive, no-frills, cross-country bus service using old secondhand buses and attracting counterculture passengers. It was the first one, and was also the biggest, best-known, and "most successful" of them in its first several years. A "Washington Post" columnist in 1978 referred to Grey Rabbit
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as "the granddaddy" of the five such "alternative" bus companies existing at that time, also known as "underground" bus companies and "hippie bus" companies. It operated mainly in two areas: between California and the Pacific Northwest, and on a cross-country route between San Francisco and New York. Green Tortoise, which was established in 1973 and named after Grey Rabbit, became Grey Rabbit's main competition in the small field, and eventually bought it out. History. Founded in 1971 by Lester Rall (born c.1940) with a single Volkswagen bus, the service was originally known as the Traveling Magical Universe and
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operated only along the Pacific Coast. Rall eventually named the service Grey Rabbit, which one writer described as "a reference to the animal used as 'bait' in dog races, a wry allusion to [Rall's] relationship with the Greyhound Bus Company". Another writer said the name was chosen so that it would appear "next to Greyhound in the phone book". In 1972, Rall acquired an old school bus and in 1973 three secondhand Greyhound buses. By that time, Grey Rabbit had established regular weekly cross-country service between San Francisco and New York, with the New York trips subsequently being
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extended to Boston and regular service also operating between the Bay Area and Portland, Seattle and Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Within a few years, the company's fleet of buses had grown to 10. A handful of similar but smaller "alternative bus" companies were launched in the 1970s, based on Grey Rabbit's example, and they were sometimes collectively referred to as "Grey Rabbits". Typically operating without a commercial license and often with just a single bus, their names included The Lame Duck, Blue Goose, The Red Bus and the Iron Pony. All but Grey Rabbit and Green Tortoise were out
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of business by 1982. The buses that provided the service were old, secondhand transit buses or highway coaches that were modified inside, with almost all passenger seats removed and replaced by beds. They lacked bathrooms. In 1977, the schedule included two San Francisco–New York–Boston trips per week in each direction, and the journey took three or four days. There were weekly departures from the Bay Area north to Vancouver, B.C. and south to Los Angeles. As of 1977, the company had four ticket outlets in the Bay Area. In addition to its low fares, about half those of
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Greyhound, another feature that attracted some riders was the casual atmosphere found on the Grey Rabbit and other "hippie bus" lines of the 1970s, in which conversation and interaction between riders who were strangers before boarding was welcomed in a way not commonly seen on conventional long-distance bus services. For its first 10 years, Grey Rabbit operated without having a license from the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) permitting interstate operation—"in violation of the law, a sort of 'guerilla Greyhound'", a reporter for the "Eugene Register-Guard" wrote. In 1976, the "San Francisco Examiner" wrote that Grey Rabbit "and five
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or six other alternative bus operators ... have kept a safe jump or two ahead of the Interstate Commerce Commission, local authorities and the bus companies – Greyhound and Trailways – who represent everything the Grey Rabbits and their passengers don't". The "Register-Guard" wrote that Rall employed various tactics to avoid trouble with authorities, such as "schooling passengers to say they were friends on an outing rather than riders on a for-hire bus" or "creating the Church of World Community Consciousness, selling the buses to the church, ordaining the drivers as 'ministers' and calling the fares 'donations'." The Church of
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World Community Consciousness was recognized only in Oregon. Chief competitor Green Tortoise was also operating without a license from the ICC at that time, doing so for its first seven years, until obtaining a license in 1981. In June 1981, the ICC granted Grey Rabbit a temporary permit, and Lester Rall was attempting to obtain a permanent one. Meanwhile, in 1981 the company was operating only between San Francisco and Seattle, no longer cross-country, and its fleet of buses numbered five, all about 25 years old. Grey Rabbit was based in Berkeley, California, at that time. Its fare for
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a trip between San Francisco and Eugene was $35, which was only half the price that mainstream carriers Greyhound and Trailways were charging for the same trip at that time. The U.S. deregulation of airlines that was put into effect in the late 1970s led to major reductions in prices for air travel, and Grey Rabbit and similar companies were unable to compete, even for low-budget travelers. Keeping the elderly buses running was also an ongoing challenge. Grey Rabbit ceased operation in 1983, and was acquired by Green Tortoise, who also acquired the rights to the name (but
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did not use them). Grey Rabbit Grey Rabbit, also known as Grey Rabbit Camper Tours, was an American company based in the San Francisco Bay Area that operated long-distance bus service from 1971 to 1983. It was one of a few small, long-distance bus companies established in the U.S. in the 1970s that specialized in inexpensive, no-frills, cross-country bus service using old secondhand buses and attracting counterculture passengers. It was the first one, and was also the biggest, best-known, and "most successful" of them in its first several years. A "Washington Post" columnist in 1978
Grey Rabbit
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Ischnochiton oniscus Ischnochiton oniscus Ischnochiton oniscus, the dwarf chiton, is a small polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the coast of southern Africa. Description. This is the smallest chiton species in southern Africa, reaching an average length of no more than 10 mm. It displays a wide variety of colours and patterns, but is most often white. The valves bear fine pits which are often arranged in rows; radiating ridges are absent. The tiny scales covering the narrow girdle appear smooth to the naked eye but show minute ridges under the microscope. Distribution and habitat. "Ischnochiton oniscus" occurs along the
Ischnochiton oniscus
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coasts of southern Africa, from Saint Helena Bay on the west coast of South Africa to Maputo Bay in southern Mozambique. Small groups can be found on the underside of rocks in sandy pools. Ischnochiton oniscus Ischnochiton oniscus, the dwarf chiton, is a small polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the coast of southern Africa. Description. This is the smallest chiton species in southern Africa, reaching an average length of no more than 10 mm. It displays a wide variety of colours and patterns, but is most often white. The valves bear fine pits which are often arranged
Ischnochiton oniscus
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Joseph Delteil (speleologist) Joseph Delteil (speleologist) Joseph Delteil (21 March 1909 – 7 November 1979) was a French speleologist. Delteil trained as a carpenter before turning to speleology. In 1935, he participated in the exploration of the , revealing 3800 meters of active network. In 1943 and in 1946-47, he also participated alongside and Norbert Casteret to the exploration of the abyss of . His name is given to the 130 meter deep shaft located at the bottom of the "gouffre Raymonde", the major chasm of the . Joseph Delteil (speleologist) Joseph Delteil (21 March 1909 – 7 November 1979) was a French speleologist. Delteil trained as
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List of antiandrogens List of antiandrogens This is a list of antiandrogens, or drugs that prevent the effects of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It includes direct antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR), androgen synthesis inhibitors like 5α-reductase inhibitors and CYP17A1 inhibitors, and antigonadotropins like analogues, estrogens, and progestogens. In addition, it includes both steroidal antiandrogen (SAAs) and nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAAs). Only antiandrogens that have been marketed are included in this list. Androgen receptor antagonists. Steroidal antiandrogens. Note that in addition to acting as AR antagonists, most SAAs also act as potent progestogens and therefore antigonadotropins. Note that this list does
List of antiandrogens
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not include pure progestogens, only SAAs also acting as AR antagonists. Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Note that, in contrast to most SAAs, NSAAs are pure/selective AR antagonists with no antigonadotropic activity. Androgen synthesis inhibitors. 5α-Reductase inhibitors. These drugs selectively inhibit the synthesis of DHT without affecting that of testosterone. List of antiandrogens This is a list of antiandrogens, or drugs that prevent the effects of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It includes direct antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR), androgen synthesis inhibitors like 5α-reductase inhibitors and CYP17A1 inhibitors, and antigonadotropins like analogues, estrogens, and progestogens. In addition, it
List of antiandrogens
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Ischnochiton bergoti Ischnochiton bergoti Ischnochiton bergoti, the ribbed-scale chiton, is a small polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the west coast of southern Africa. Description. The species has somewhat drab colouring and is usually off-white to brown. Valves are finely pitted and may bear subtle radiating ridges. The scales of the girdle each bear between 3 and 8 coarse radiating ribs, visible under the microscope. Average body length is 10–20 mm. Distribution and habitat. "Ischnochiton bergoti" occurs along the west coast of southern Africa, in cold Atlantic coastal waters from southern Namibia to Cape Point in South Africa
Ischnochiton bergoti
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, where it can be found under stones below the high tide mark. Ecology. Like some other species of chiton, "I. bergoti" is thought to brood its eggs beneath its girdle. Ischnochiton bergoti Ischnochiton bergoti, the ribbed-scale chiton, is a small polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the west coast of southern Africa. Description. The species has somewhat drab colouring and is usually off-white to brown. Valves are finely pitted and may bear subtle radiating ridges. The scales of the girdle each bear between 3 and 8 coarse radiating ribs, visible under the microscope. Average body length
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Murder of Vanessa Marcotte Murder of Vanessa Marcotte Vanessa Teresa Marcotte (June 17, 1989 – August 7, 2016) was a 27-year-old American woman who, while running on a rural road in Princeton, Massachusetts, was assaulted and murdered. Her case went unsolved until April 15, 2017, when authorities announced that 31-year-old Angelo Colon-Ortiz of Worcester, Massachusetts, had been arrested for her murder after being linked by DNA evidence. Background. Vanessa Teresa Marcotte was born in Leominster, Massachusetts, on June 17, 1989, to John and Rosanna Marcotte. An only child, she attended the Bancroft School in Worcester, Massachusetts, and graduated with honors
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with a bachelor's degree in communications from Boston University in 2011. She then proceeded into her professional career where she worked at an online marketing software startup in Boston called WordStream, as well as at the American offices of Vistaprint. She eventually started working as an account manager at Google in New York City, where she worked up until her death. While Marcotte lived full-time in New York City, she often made bi-monthly visits to her mother and aunt, who lived in Princeton, Massachusetts, a small rural town of less than 4,000 residents in Worcester County. Murder
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. On Sunday, August 7, 2016, Marcotte left her mother's house on Brooks Station Road in Princeton in the early afternoon to go for a run before heading back to New York by commuter bus later in the day. Her family notified police when several hours passed and she did not return. Police then immediately launched a missing persons search. She was found deceased off the street on a trail in a heavily wooded area around 8:20 PM, less than a half-mile from her mother's home. Officials immediately classified it as a homicide case. Her body was naked
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and she had burns to her face, feet and hands. She was also believed to have been sexually assaulted and strangled. She suffered "crushing injuries" to her throat and had a broken nose. Her clothes, cell phone and earbuds were missing, and a partially-burned sneaker was found near her body. None of her clothes were ever recovered, and it is believed that her killer may have taken them when he fled. Foreign DNA was also found at the scene. According to a local witness, Marcotte stopped at the Mountainside Market on Hubbardston Road in the afternoon for a drink
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, and was last seen alive walking while talking on her cell phone after 1 PM. Another witness also reported they had seen a vehicle following Marcotte, which had turned around and followed her again on the road on which she was walking. According to authorities, Marcotte put up a "huge struggle" during the attack, which was believed to have occurred between 1 and 3 P.M. Investigation and media speculation. The murder attracted much attention from the national media, and was often compared to the killing of Karina Vetrano of Queens, New York, who was found murdered under similar circumstances less
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than a week before. Authorities never officially stated they were believed to be related, however. A suspect, linked by DNA evidence, was arrested and charged in the Vetrano case in February 2017. Several FBI profilers commented publicly on Marcotte's homicide, saying they believed Marcotte was most likely attacked at random by a stranger, and that the killer most likely lived in or frequented the area surrounding Princeton. Shortly after Marcotte's murder, investigators opened a 24-hour tip line asking for any information from the public, and received over 1,300 tips. It was stated that Marcotte's attacker had
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been a male who likely had scratches, cuts and bruises to his face and arms. It was not believed that Marcotte knew her killer; rather, it was suspected to have been a completely random attack. In November 2016, they stated they were seeking additional information about a black or dark-colored SUV that had been seen parked on the road at the time and area where Marcotte was killed. On December 21, 2016, in Princeton, Marcotte's family released their first official public statement, thanking the community for their support, and announced that the family had set up a website
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, vanessamarcotte.org, in memory of Marcotte and the establishment of the Vanessa T. Marcotte Foundation. On February 23, 2017, more than six months after the murder, the Worcester County District Attorney Joseph D. Early Jr. released further details on the investigation, stating that the DNA of Marcotte's killer had been sent to a lab and a profile had been created. It was not revealed how the DNA was obtained. Based on the DNA evidence and witness statements, the suspect in the slaying was a Hispanic or Latino male in his late 20s to 30s, with an athletic build, average height
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and either short or shaved hair. It is also believed the suspect either owned or had access to a dark-colored SUV on the day of the murder and would have had visible injuries to his upper body in the days following the attack. Suspect. On April 15, 2017, at a press release in Princeton, Early announced that Marcotte's alleged killer had been apprehended. Angelo Colon-Ortiz, age 31, of Worcester, Massachusetts, was arrested on April 14 and was arraigned at Leominster District Court on April 18 and placed on a $10 million bail. He faces charges of
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aggravated assault and assault with intent to rape, as well as a murder charge in which he was indicted by a grand jury on June 23, 2017, at Worcester Superior Court. On July 26, he pled not guilty and was ordered by a judge to be held without bail. According to authorities, a Massachusetts state police trooper on patrol in Worcester had seen Colon-Ortiz, who matched the description of the suspect, driving a vehicle identical to the one seen on the day of Marcotte's murder. The trooper wrote the license plate number on his hand and followed up
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by visiting Colon-Ortiz's residence with another police officer the next day. Colon-Ortiz voluntarily provided a DNA sample, which came back a match from DNA that had been found on Marcotte's hands. Colon-Ortiz later claimed that a language barrier led him to provide a DNA sample to police investigators without him giving voluntary consent. On that basis, Colon-Ortiz's attorneys filed a motion to suppress the DNA evidence. On January 11th, 2022, Judge Janet Kenton-Walker denied the defense’s motion to suppress the DNA evidence. Colon-Ortiz, a Puerto-Rican native who had no
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criminal history, was married with three children and had lived in Worcester for less than a year. He worked for a third-party contractor of FedEx, and made deliveries in and was familiar with the town of Princeton and surrounding areas. According to his Worcester neighbors, Colon-Ortiz was described as "perverted" and often made vulgar sexual comments to people in the neighborhood. A former female Princeton postal worker also said that Colon-Ortiz often made crude comments in Spanish about her and other women to his co-worker. Authorities revealed on the day of the murder, a local resident
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recalled seeing Colon-Ortiz outside his parked black SUV with the hood up, talking on his cell phone, around 12:45 in the afternoon. Cell phone records and data proved that Colon-Ortiz was indeed in the area at that time. Marcotte was believed to have left her home around 1:15. The resident drove by the vehicle again around 2:05 PM, and the SUV was still parked there, but with the hood back down and no one around. Marcotte’s cellphone data showed her phone either was shut off or disabled at 2:11 p.m., which was most likely near the exact
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time of her death. Colon-Ortiz, who usually worked the morning shift, was not working the day of the murder. It is unknown why he was in the area that day. Murder of Vanessa Marcotte Vanessa Teresa Marcotte (June 17, 1989 – August 7, 2016) was a 27-year-old American woman who, while running on a rural road in Princeton, Massachusetts, was assaulted and murdered. Her case went unsolved until April 15, 2017, when authorities announced that 31-year-old Angelo Colon-Ortiz of Worcester, Massachusetts, had been arrested for her murder after being linked by DNA evidence. Background. Vanessa
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Tom Voltaire Okwalinga Tom Voltaire Okwalinga Tom Voltaire Okwalinga also known as TVO is an anonymous Ugandan and famous social media critique of the Uganda's government. He has been leaking a series of the Uganda's government secrets through his Facebook account for which he has over 120,000 followers. In April 2014, he posted a secret tape that implicated the Inspector General of Police (IGP) of the Uganda Police Force then, Kale Kayihura’s attempt to investigate and curtail Amama Mbabazi’s underneath campaign to oust President Museveni in the 2016 presidential elections. No one knows the true identity of TVO including
Tom Voltaire Okwalinga
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his many followers and Facebook refused to reveal his identity to the Uganda government. Tom Voltaire Okwalinga Tom Voltaire Okwalinga also known as TVO is an anonymous Ugandan and famous social media critique of the Uganda's government. He has been leaking a series of the Uganda's government secrets through his Facebook account for which he has over 120,000 followers. In April 2014, he posted a secret tape that implicated the Inspector General of Police (IGP) of the Uganda Police Force then, Kale Kayihura’s attempt to investigate and curtail Amama Mbabazi’s underneath campaign to oust President Museveni
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J. R. Robertson J. R. Robertson James Robert Robertson (1867 – 14 January 1928) was an educator in South Australia, head of Prince Alfred College preparatory school. History. Robertson was born in Orkney, and was brought out to Australia by his parents when a boy. He attended the Port Adelaide Public School in the days of headmaster Allen Martin, and like his fellow schoolmate and lifelong friend W. R. Bayly, won a scholarship to Prince Alfred College, which he joined as a student in 1881. He joined the staff of Prince Alfred College in 1884 and was appointed head of the preparatory school perhaps
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around 1900. He resigned in 1919 to devote his efforts to Freemasonry. Despite the early age at which he left for Australia, he was regarded as a "typical Scotsman" by all, especially Andrew D. Young, Chief of the Caledonian Society. He died at his home on The Esplanade, Brighton after a long illness. Freemasonry. Robertson was initiated in Leopold Lodge, Adelaide, in August, 1895, and served as steward and inner guard in that lodge. In 1901 he was a founder and the first junior warden of St. Peter's Lodge, of which he was installed Worshipful Master in 1903. In
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1907 he was a foundation member and first senior warden of Prince Alfred Collegians Lodge, and was installed as Master the following year. He was a Grand Steward of the Grand Lodge in 1904, Grand Standard Bearer in 1909, then Grand Inspector of Lodges for three years. In 1910 he became a member of the Board of General Purposes in 1910, and was appointed Assistant Grand Secretary in 1917. Exalted in the South Australian Royal Arch Chapter in 1900, he was installed First Principal in 1906, and was a foundation Companion and the First Principal of the United Collegians' Chapter
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in 1912. In 1916 he was installed Grand H. of the Supreme Grand Chapter. He was advanced in Adelaide Mark Lodge in March, 1911, and filled every office in that lodge, becoming Worshipful Master in 1919. He was organist of the Adelaide Royal Ark Mariners' Lodge attached to the Adelaide Mark Lodge. He also held office in the Earl of Euston Knight Templar Preceptory, and the Earl of Euston Rose Croix Chapter. He was Past Second Grand Principal of the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter and Grand Inspector of Chapters, He was also Assistant Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge
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of Mark Master Masons. Charles R. J. Glover (Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons) paid a tribute to his service to the Craft: He was not only my right hand man. but also a close personal friend of many years' standing. His death will. be a great loss, not only to the whole of the Craft in South Australia, by whom he was beloved and respected, but to many personal friends who will mourn his death. He was an expert on ritual and one of the best-informed Freemasons in Australia, with a wide knowledge of Craft history
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and jurisprudence. Family. James Robert Robertson married Martha Marie Helene Feuerheerdt ( –1952) of Crower station near Lucindale on 28 August 1909. They had no children. J. R. Robertson James Robert Robertson (1867 – 14 January 1928) was an educator in South Australia, head of Prince Alfred College preparatory school. History. Robertson was born in Orkney, and was brought out to Australia by his parents when a boy. He attended the Port Adelaide Public School in the days of headmaster Allen Martin, and like his fellow schoolmate and lifelong friend W. R. Bayly, won a scholarship to Prince Alfred College, which he
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Palace lantern Palace lantern palace lanterns are traditional Chinese handicrafts by the Han Chinese used during various Chinese festivals. The genesis for the art form was created during the Eastern Han dynasty, and blossomed during the Sui and Tang dynasties. In accordance with its name, palace lanterns are used as lamps in palaces. They are often made using fine wood as a skeleton and decorated with spun silk and glass with coloured drawings or patterns in surface of the lantern. Due to the fact that it was used for the palace for a long time, apart from the lighting feature, they were
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also elaborately embellished, in order to show the wealth and luxury of the emperor. Orthodox palace lantern generally has anise, hexagonal, four corners, the pattern of each face may be "Dragon and phoenix bringing auspiciousness ", "Live for a long time", and "Everything goes well". History. Palace lanterns have been around for thousands of years in China. It has become a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. The palace lantern, as a special arts and crafts of handicraft production in China, enjoys a high reputation in the world. Up till now, palace lanterns are still found adorning luxury halls and residences. The
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palace lantern, hanging on the beam of the hall, is generally bigger and embedded tapestry or glass, with the nice effect of adornment. According to legend, after the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Han Dynasty emperor Liu Xiu, the capital of Luoyang, in order to celebrate this achievement, the emperor commanded that the palace are compelled to decorate with all kinds of beautiful lanterns and hold a big banquets to reward the people who followed him to establish the country. Later, the technology of the palace lantern was introduced to the commoners. Thus, the name "palace lantern
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was born. On January 15 of the first year of emperor Suiyangdi, the palace lanterns were scattered throughout the city, decorating the city for half a month. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, on the Lantern Festival, all the family hung their treasured lamps highly, wherever is light and bright. The custom spread to the whole country and overseas. In the Qing dynasty, it become a reward from the emperor to dukes and ministers. Gilt Bronze Human-Shaped Lamp. Gilt Bronze Human-Shaped Lamp, Han Chinese bronzes, unearthed from the tomb of Dou Wan in Mancheng, Hebei province, in 1968 Palace lantern 1772 . It was displayed in China 2010 Shanghai World Expo. the Lantern is a full-bodied gilt setting maid who were holding the lamps, with an elegance expression. The body height of 48 cm, 15.85 kg. Gilt Bronze Human-Shaped Lamp was designed skillfully. on the on hand, the maid hand the lamp, on the other hand her sleeve seemed to prohibit form the wind. Actually, it is for the tubes to absorb smoke and avoid the air pollution. This Palace lantern got its name, because it has been placed in the long Palace of Dou Taihou (Liu Sheng grandmother). Nowadays Palace lantern 1773 , it was collected in the museum of Hebei province. Features. height:48 cm, Odalisque:44.5 cm, weight:15.85 kg. The body was golden and it looks splendid and gorgeous. Gilding bronze has appeared in the Warring States period. After the gilding treatment of bronze, its surface will be beautiful, and it also plays a very important role in the protection for the bronze. Inscriptions. There are nine engraved inscriptions on some parts of the lamp body, a total of 65 words. Around the upper bottom of the lamp holder was engraved with the inscription" (some Chinese characters). The handwriting of the inscription is Palace lantern 1774 too illegible, it may have been carved later, so the 长信尚浴" does not seem to be the first owner of the lamp. The original owner should be first carved, and the handwriting is neatly, so the six parts of the lamp body which was carved with "阳信家" illustrated that the lamp is originally belongs to the "阳信家". There was "长信"(Changxin)on the lamp, used for residence of Dou empress dowager, named "Changxin Palace lanterns". Value. Changxin Palace lantern changed the style of the old bronze vessels which was mystery, the whole shape and the style of decoration seemed to stretch freely
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, light and magnificent. It is a practical and beautiful lamp treasures. The maid in the statue is hollow, her right arm and empty sleeves form a copper lamp shade can freely open and close. The burning dust would not disturb to the surrounding environment, it would deposit in the lamp. The concept of environmental protection of the ancient Chinese people's wisdom. the Changxin Palace lantern was known as "China's first light". Former U.S. Secretary of state Kissinger made a trip to China to visit Changxin Palace lanterns, and laments: " Chinese have understood the environmental protection sine 2000 years
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ago, it is really great." Changxin Palace lantern has been regarded as an important representative of the pinnacle of national arts and crafts. This is not only because of its rarity, the one and only, but also in its exquisite production process and unique artistic conception. Experts on archaeology and history of metallurgy agree that the exquisite design and production process of the lamp are high level, leading the palace lantern in the Han Dynasty. In 1993 it was identified as a national treasure heritage. Luoyang palace lantern. Luoyang palace lantern is a characteristic of traditional crafts and the common
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ornament on Lantern Festival, with strong local characteristics. he white square lamp, butterflies lamp, etc. are common. Especially, the red yarn lamp is the most famous. It has beautiful shape, and is easy to paint. Not only can be used for festive ornaments, but also art propaganda. History. Luoyang palace lantern has a long history; it was created in Eastern Han Dynasty, flourishing in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. According to legend, after the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Han Dynasty emperor Liu Xiu, the capital of Luoyang, in order to celebrate this achievement, the emperor commanded
Palace lantern
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that the palace are compelled to decorate with all kinds of beautiful lantern and hold a big banquets to reward the people who follow him to establish the country. Later, the technology of palace lantern was introduced to the folk. Thus, The name "palace lantern" was born. On January 15 of the first year of emperor Suiyangdi, the palace lantern scattered throughout the city, decorating the city half a months. After the sui and tang dynasties, on the Lantern Festival, all the family hung their treasure lamp highly, wherever is light and bright. The custom spread to the whole country
Palace lantern
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and overseas.The Song Dynasty, Luoyang suffered from wars over and over again, the Lantern Festival gradually lost its presence, but the technology of lantern production has been passed down to now. Palace lantern palace lanterns are traditional Chinese handicrafts by the Han Chinese used during various Chinese festivals. The genesis for the art form was created during the Eastern Han dynasty, and blossomed during the Sui and Tang dynasties. In accordance with its name, palace lanterns are used as lamps in palaces. They are often made using fine wood as a skeleton and decorated with spun silk and glass
Palace lantern
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Southall Greyhound Stadium Southall Greyhound Stadium Southall Greyhound Stadium was a greyhound racing stadium on Havelock Road in Southall, West London Origins. The track was constructed on the north side of Havelock Road and the east side of Warwick Road. The plot of land was directly west of a gravel pit. Opening. The track opened on 24 October 1931. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club). It was known as a flapping track which was the nickname given to independent tracks. History. The track was described as a large all grass circuit. Race nights
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were Monday and Friday at 7.30pm with trials held on Tuesday afternoons. Race distances consisted of 270, 450 and 625 yards and the hare system was an 'Inside Sumner'. Facilities included a licensed club and snack bar on site and a totalisator. There were car parking facilities and on course bookmakers. Closure. The track closed in December 1976 and was demolished. Later the Havelock Primary School and Nursery was built on the site. Southall Greyhound Stadium Southall Greyhound Stadium was a greyhound racing stadium on Havelock Road in Southall, West London Origins. The track was constructed on the north side
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Qadam Shah Shahim Qadam Shah Shahim General Qadam Shah Shahim is a senior Afghan army officer. He served as the Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army from May 2015 to April 2017 before resigning amid political fallout over the 2017 Camp Shaheen attack. Early life and education. Shahim, an ethnic Tajik, was born in the Tashkan district of Badakhshan, in 1962 and attended Keshm High School, graduating in 1982. Military career. Early military career. From the early 1980s, Shahim fought with Jamiat-e Islami against the Soviets. He later fought against other mujahedin factions during the civil war, and then against
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the Taliban. In 1994, he was appointed as commander of 82 Regiment in Qargha, and in 1997 was made a Brigadier. In 2001, Shahim was commander of the 37th Brigade of Commandos and dealt often with foreign forces. Late military career. In 2007, he commanded the 1st Brigade of the 111st Capital Division, based in Kabul. In 2011, he was appointed as commander of the 111st Capital Division, which is half the size of a normal division. Shahim was wounded in the July 2014 attack on Kabul Airport and hospitalised in Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan hospital for further treatment. In
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May 2015, he was appointed as Chief of the General Staff of the Afghan National Army. In August and September 2016, Shahim visited India in order to enhance ties with the Indian army and to seek new avenues for acquiring military equipment. Qadam Shah Shahim General Qadam Shah Shahim is a senior Afghan army officer. He served as the Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army from May 2015 to April 2017 before resigning amid political fallout over the 2017 Camp Shaheen attack. Early life and education. Shahim, an ethnic Tajik, was born in the Tashkan district of Badakhshan
Qadam Shah Shahim
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James O. Rodgers (author) James O. Rodgers (author) James O. Rodgers is an American writer and a proponent of diverse workplaces. He has published over 100 articles and written a book on the subject. With Edgar Schein and other leaders of the field, James promotes the principles of diversity management as a strategy to improve overall business performance at conferences. Recruiter.com's Managing Editor, Matthiew Kosinski, calls Rodgers’s philosophy "dramatically different" because it "emphasizes diversity of perspective, rather than more superficial characteristics." James O. Rodgers (author) James O. Rodgers is an American writer and a proponent of diverse workplaces. He has published over
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Mohammad Modarres Mohammad Modarres Mohammad Modarres (born 11 August 1952) is an Iranian American scientist and educator in the fields of nuclear and reliability engineering. He is a Distinguished Scholar-Teacher and Nicole Y. Kim Eminent Professor of the University of Maryland. Within the University Maryland A. James Clark School of Engineering, Modarres founded world's first graduate curriculum in reliability engineering, which has now become a leading academic program both nationally and internationally with over 400 Master's and PhD graduates. As the Director of the UMD Center for Risk and Reliability, Modarres serves as international expert on reliability and risk
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analysis to various commercial and government organizations including US DOE, US NRC, NASA. A PhD graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from the scientific school of Norman C. Rasmussen, he has authored numerous books and hundreds of scholarly papers in the fields of nuclear an reliability engineering. Mohammad Modarres Mohammad Modarres (born 11 August 1952) is an Iranian American scientist and educator in the fields of nuclear and reliability engineering. He is a Distinguished Scholar-Teacher and Nicole Y. Kim Eminent Professor of the University of Maryland. Within the University Maryland A. James Clark School of Engineering, Modarres founded
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Caribbean's Next Top Model (season 3) Caribbean's Next Top Model (season 3) The third season of the Caribbean reality television show "Caribbean's Next Top Model" premiered on January 30, 2017. The show features a group of aspiring models from the entire Caribbean region, with the winner being offered a career in the modelling industry. The third season of the show has 14 contestants and was taped in Grenada. Also a new judge was added to the panel. References. 1 ^ https://www.facebook.com/409711332526064/videos/544566592373870/ 2 ^ http://www.cwc.com/live/news-and-media/press-releases/caribbeans-next-top-model-returns-to-the-catwalk-with-flow-tv-partnership.html 3 ^ https://www.facebook.com/caribbeansnexttopmodel?fref=ts 4 ^ https://www.facebook.com/caribbeansnexttopmodel?fref=ts Caribbean's Next Top Model (season 3) The third season of the Caribbean reality
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1st Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 1st Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps The 1st Xinjiang Agriculture Construction Division is a para-military formation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. 5th Division()was activated in February 1949 from 359th Brigade, 2nd Column of the Northwest Field Army.The division commander was Xu Guoxian, and political commissar Li Quan. Its origin could be trace to 6th Army Corps, Chinese Red Army established in August 1933. By 1949 the division was composed of: In the Sino–Japanese War period, the division and its predecessor troops participated in the Kelan, Shaojiazhuang, Shangxiyaojian
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and Xiaxiyaojian, Hundred Regiments and other important battles, killing 15977 people. During the Chinese Civil War, in the Central Plains, southwest Shanxi, Fenyang andi Xiaoyi, north Shaanxi three war three victory, Shagudian, Yuncheng, Yichuan, Xifu and east Gansu, north Dali, Fufeng and Meixian and other important battles. The division moved into Xinjiang in October 1949. March 1952, 5th Division of the 13th Regiment (Red Army, less 3rd Battalion) absorbed 15th Division of PLA 5th Corps. In March 1953, the 5th Division reorganized as 1st Xinjiang Agricultural Construction Division(), the city set up an Aksu Military Sub district offices, 14th Regiment
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, 15th Regiment, 13th Regiment 3rd Battalion of the 2nd Army Training Corps of the Border Camp combined into 4th Infantry Division 11th Regiment (14th regiment based). 1st Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps The 1st Xinjiang Agriculture Construction Division is a para-military formation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. 5th Division()was activated in February 1949 from 359th Brigade, 2nd Column of the Northwest Field Army.The division commander was Xu Guoxian, and political commissar Li Quan. Its origin could be trace to 6th Army Corps, Chinese Red Army established in August
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Shikano Castle Shikano Castle Shikano Castle was a medieval period castle, situated in Tottori Prefecture. The date the castle was constructed is not known, though the earliest mention of it occurs in 1544. The castle is located south west of Tottori city, in Shikano, Tottori town. It was a small castle, situated not far from the centre of Tottori city. In the period of the construction of the castle, the area was governed by a local clan, the Shikano. The Amago clan moved in on the area, and defeated the Shikano, claiming the castle as theirs. Following this, the castle was put
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in the lordship of Kamei Korenori (1557–1612). Korenori engaged with foreign trade, which was rare for a lower level lord, and even named some parts of the castle after countries. Current site. On the current site, only the walls and steps remain of the castle. The moat is still visible. There is a castle park situated around the ruins of the castle. The castle town is well preserved to the period. Shikano Castle Shikano Castle was a medieval period castle, situated in Tottori Prefecture. The date the castle was constructed is not known, though the earliest mention of it occurs
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Aoteadrillia consequens Aoteadrillia consequens Aoteadrillia consequens is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae. Description. The length of the shell attains 8 mm (estimated), its diameter 3 mm. Distribution. This extinct marine species was endemic to New Zealand and was found in the fossiliferous beds at Kaawa Creek. Aoteadrillia consequens Aoteadrillia consequens is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae. Description. The length of the shell attains 8 mm (estimated), its diameter 3 mm. Distribution. This extinct marine species was endemic to New Zealand and was found in
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Soviet Union men's national under-16 basketball team Soviet Union men's national under-16 basketball team The Soviet Union men's national under-16 basketball team was a men's junior national basketball team of the Soviet Union. It represented the country in international under-16 (under age 16) basketball competitions, until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After 1992, the successor countries all set up their own national teams. Soviet Union men's national under-16 basketball team The Soviet Union men's national under-16 basketball team was a men's junior national basketball team of the Soviet Union. It represented the country in international under-16 (under age
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Gabriel Turbay Gabriel Turbay Gabriel Turbay (1901-1947) was a Colombian politician of Syrian origin. He was a Congressman, Senator, and Foreign Minister in the 1930s. He served as Colombia's Ambassador to the United States from 1939 to 1945. He was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 1946. Early life. Gabriel Turbay was born on January 10, 1901 in Bucaramanga, Colombia. His parents, Juan Turbay and Barbara Abunader, were immigrants to Colombia from Lebanon. Turbay earned a PhD in Medicine and Surgery from the National University of Colombia. Career. Turbay began his career as a physician in his hometown of Bucaramanga
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. Turbay joined the Colombian Liberal Party. He served as a member of the House of Representatives from 1927 to 1934, and the Senate from 1934 to 1937. Turbay served as the Foreign Minister of Colombia from 1937 to 1938. He then served as Colombia's Ambassador to the United States from 1939 to 1945. He was opposed to the creation of Israel. Turbay ran unsuccessfully for president in 1946. Death. Turbay died on November 17, 1947 in Paris, France. Gabriel Turbay Gabriel Turbay (1901-1947) was a Colombian politician of Syrian origin. He was a Congressman, Senator, and Foreign Minister
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Midland City, Arizona Midland City, Arizona Midland City is a populated place situated in Gila County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of above sea level. Midland City, Arizona Midland City is a populated place situated in Gila County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of above sea level.
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List of University of Leicester people List of University of Leicester people This list of University of Leicester people is a selected list of notable past staff and students of the University of Leicester. Notable alumni. "See also ." List of University of Leicester people This list of University of Leicester people is a selected list of notable past staff and students of the University of Leicester. Notable alumni. "See also ."
List of University of Leicester people
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Lefke District Lefke District Lefke District () is a district of Northern Cyprus. Its capital is Lefka, also known by its Turkish name, Lefke. It had been a sub-district of the Güzelyurt District between 1998 (when that district was separated from the Lefkoşa District) and 27 December 2016. On 27 December 2016, the Assembly of the Republic unanimously voted to separate Lefke and make it the sixth district. Its population was recorded as 11,091 in the 2011 census, constituting 3.9% of the population of Northern Cyprus. Kokkina exclave is part of the district. Lefke District Lefke District () is a district of Northern
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Technological University, Sagaing Technological University, Sagaing Sagaing Technological University is located in Sagaing, Myanmar. It was initially established as Technical High School on 17 September 1990. On 1 December 1998, it was upgraded to a Government Technical Institute. It became a Government Technological College on 20 January 2007 and a Technological University on 23 February 2012. Program. The university offers Bachelor of Engineering. Technological University, Sagaing Sagaing Technological University is located in Sagaing, Myanmar. It was initially established as Technical High School on 17 September 1990. On 1 December 1998, it was upgraded to a Government Technical Institute. It became a Government Technological
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Antiandrogens in the environment Antiandrogens in the environment Antiandrogens in the environment have become a topic of concern. Many industrial chemicals, including phthalates and pesticides exhibit antiandrogen activity in animal experiments. Certain plant species have also been found to produce antiandrogens. In animal studies, environmental antiandrogens can harm reproductive organ development in fetuses exposed in utero as well as their offspring. Exposure to antiandrogens can occur unintentionally due to natural or anthropogenic compounds in the environment. Environmental compounds affecting the endocrine system, termed endocrine disruptors, that antagonistically affect androgen receptors and androgen production can negatively affect animals that come in contact with the compounds
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as well as their future generations. Certain pesticides and insecticides as well as industrial chemicals possess antiandrogen properties. Some species of plants produce phytochemicals with antiandrogenic effects. Exposure to these environmental antiandrogens has resulted in adverse effects on animals that allude to human health risks. Pesticides and insecticides. Exposure to pesticides with antiandrogen properties has been found to negatively affect laboratory animals. Androgens are important in fetal development as well as in pubertal development. Exposure during critical periods of development can cause reproductive malformations in males while exposure after birth and before puberty can delay puberty. Animal studies with vinclozolin
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, procymidone, linuron, and the DDT metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p.p’-DDE) have shown irregular reproductive development due to their function as androgen receptor antagonists that inhibit androgen-activated gene expression. Even with low doses of antiandrogenic pesticides, developmental effects such as reduced anogenital distance and induction of areolas were seen in male rats. Animal studies show that deformities result in offspring exposed to antiandrogens. Male mice can display malformations that resemble the reproductive organs of females as in the case of exposure to vinclozolin or proymidone. Exposure to vinclozolin or procymidone in utero feminized male offspring, as seen in abnormalities of anogenital distance
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, small or absent sex accessory glands, hypospadias, undescended testes, retained nipples, cleft phallus, and presence of a vaginal pouch. Male mice exposed before puberty to vinclozolin experienced delayed pubertal development visualized by delayed onset of androgen-dependent preputial separation. Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative is used as a broad-spectrum antifungal agent effective against a variety of fungal infections. Although ketoconazole is a relatively weak antiandrogen, high doses side-effects lead to reduced levels of androgens from both the testicles and adrenal glands. Phenothrin is an insecticide that also possesses antiandrogen activity and has been associated with a small epidemic
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of gynecomastia via isolated environmental exposure. Industrial chemicals. Industrial chemicals with antiandrogenic effects are ubiquitous in the environment. Consumer products such as toys and cosmetics may contain phthalates or parabens, which disrupt androgen synthesis. Phthalates are mainly found as softeners in plastics, but also perfumes, nail varnish and other cosmetics. Fetuses that are exposed to a mixture of phthalates in utero may show signs of disrupted reproductive development. When di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPP) were combined, reductions in both testosterone synthesis and gene
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expression of steroidogenic pathway proteins were seen. The results in male rats were undescended testes and abnormal development of reproductive tissues. Parabens are used as preservatives and/or antimicrobial agents and commonly found in food, soap, detergent, toothpaste, disinfectant, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Paraben esters, such as butylparaben, have been found to mimic androgen antagonist activity. Antiandrogenic endocrine disruption has been shown in aquatic species, but the mechanism is unknown. Researchers believe parabens have the ability to bind to human androgen receptors but it still remains unclear. Bisphenols such as bisphenol A are both antiandrogens and estrogens. Phytochemicals. Antiandrogens can also
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occur naturally in plants. The best known plant-derived antiandrogen is 3,3'-diindolylmethane found in cruciferous vegetables, which are members of the cabbage family. The compound N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) isolated from the bark of "Prunus africana", the Subsaharan red stinkwood tree, is a specific androgen antagonist and has been used as alternative medicine in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Licorice, or "Glycyrrhiza glabra" native to southern Europe, India, and parts of Asia has shown antiandrogen activity in male rats. Antiandrogens in the environment Antiandrogens in the environment have become a topic of concern. Many industrial chemicals, including phthalates and pesticides exhibit antiandrogen activity
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Rajpara State (Gohelwar) Rajpara State (Gohelwar) Rajpara is a village and former non-salute Rajput princely state on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India. History. The petty princely state, in Gohelwar "prant", was ruled by Survaiya Rajput Chieftains. In 1901 it comprised a single village, with a population of 552, yielding 2,150 Rupees state revenue (1903-4, nearly all from land), paying 274 Rupees tribute, to the Gaikwar Baroda State and Junagadh State. Rajpara State (Gohelwar) Rajpara is a village and former non-salute Rajput princely state on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India. History. The petty princely state, in Gohelwar "prant", was
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China Badminton Super League China Badminton Super League The China Badminton Super League (CBSL) () is the prime National team competition for badminton players in China. The China Badminton Super League was re-launched in 2009 after a failing attempt seven years earlier. Liu Fengyan, director of the Table Tennis and Badminton Administration Center under China's State General Administration of Sport, announced the re-launch during the 50th anniversary meeting of the Chinese Badminton Association. The China Badminton Super League (CBSL) has welcomed huge sponsorship deals hereby attracting top players from China and abroad to the participating teams. Format. The China Badminton Super League
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is a mixed team event, like the Sudirman Cup. After the inaugural first season the league was divided into two round-robin stages and then a final elimination stage. The clubs will be placed according to points accumulated by the end of this stage. After the inaugural season eight clubs were selected. Later from 2012 twelve clubs participated divided into two round-robin groups of each six clubs and from 2015 on the competition was back to eight teams. In the round-robins, each of the participating clubs will be playing against every other club twice, once on their home
China Badminton Super League
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courts, and the other on their opponent's. Next, in the elimination stage, the first four ranking teams in the round-robins will be placed in a group, equaling to the semi-final. At first the bottom four were also placed in another group, fighting for a better placing from among fifth to eighth spot. Like in the round-robins, at first the semi-finalists had to play twice, once in each club's home courts. An extra round would be played if the teams end up with a tie. But from 2015 on a single semi-final tie was
China Badminton Super League