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detriment of the university, and he concluded that there is no value in repeating this research which has been done many times. Awards and recognition. Dwyer was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (OA) in 1991, in recognition of his "service to public health, particularly through the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases". He was appointed Emeritus Professor to recognize his distinguished service to the University of NSW, and the John Dwyer Lecture Theatre in the Prince of Wales Hospital is named after him. He is a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, a Fellow of

John Dwyer (medicine)

the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, and an Honorary Doctor of the Australian Catholic University. In 2000, he was named as the "Skeptic of the Year" by the Australian Skeptics, and in 2012 he again won that award jointly with the other founding members of Friends of Science in Medicine. He has been a director of the Prince of Wales Hospital Foundation since 2008. He is the patron of the Foundation's Nightingale Bequest Society, having previously served as its Chairman, and he is on its Grant Round Committee. His other board appointments include Eastern Sydney Area Health Board

John Dwyer (medicine)

, and South-East Sydney Area Health Board. Criticisms. Most of the criticisms in the literature are directed at the Friends of Science in Medicine organization, rather than at Dwyer personally. Kerryn Phelps, former president of the Australian Medical Association and of the Australian Integrative Medicine Association called Friends of Science in Medicine an "ultra-conservative" force with "an alarming and far-reaching agenda". She debated Dwyer on the topic of FSM's call to stop universities from teaching unproven methods, when Phelps disagreed strongly with Dwyer's standard of what constituted acceptable evidence, and how universities should deal with alternative

John Dwyer (medicine)

practices. Jon Wardle from the "Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine" at the University of Technology Sydney described FSM as "the new poster child for CAM [Complementary and Alternative Medicine] conspiracy theorists". Personal life. Dwyer married Catherine Thrower in 1966. They have three children: Justin (born 1967), Gabrielle (born 1968), and Christopher (born 1974). John Dwyer (medicine) John Michael Dwyer, (born 9 September 1939) is an Australian doctor, professor of medicine, and public health advocate. He was originally a Professor of Medicine and Paediatrics, then Head of the Department of Clinical Immunology at Yale University. Returning to Australia

John Dwyer (medicine)

Nirayama Castle Nirayama Castle Originally, Sōun had his main castle at Kōkokuji Castle. After building Nirayama Castle, Sōun made it his main castle and kept on living in the castle to his death in 1519. The castle was well fortified, with western style fortifications, and had supporting forts on four nearby hills. Garrisoned with 3600 men, it withstood a siege against it by 40,000 troops under the command of Oda Nobukatsu for 3 months, with the defenders only giving up when the main castle for the clan was lost. After the surrender, Tokugawa Ieyasu's retainer Naito Nobunari moved into the castle

Nirayama Castle

, respectively holding 10,000 koku to its name. He however, then left it in 1601, at which time it became abandoned. Current. The castle is now only ruins with some earthen walls and water moats. Access. About 10 minutes walk from Nirayama Station. Nirayama Castle Originally, Sōun had his main castle at Kōkokuji Castle. After building Nirayama Castle, Sōun made it his main castle and kept on living in the castle to his death in 1519. The castle was well fortified, with western style fortifications, and had supporting forts on four nearby hills. Garrisoned with 3600 men, it withstood a siege

Nirayama Castle

Anne Crookshank Anne Crookshank Anne Olivia Crookshank "HRHA" (3 January 1927 – 18 October 2016) was a pioneering Irish art historian, and emeritus professor of the history of art at Trinity College Dublin, the department she established in 1966. Early life. Crookshank was born in Belfast, the middle of three daughters to Henry Crookshank and Eileen Mary “Kitty” Somerville (née Lodge). Crookshank spent the first five years of life in India where her father was engaged in geographical survey work in the central provinces. Crookshank moved around quite a bit in her early days, including spells in Carlisle, London and Fethard in Tipperary

Anne Crookshank

. Crookshank studied at Alexandra College for a year before furthering her studies in history at Trinity College, Dublin. She then attended the Courtauld Institute under Anthony Blunt, where she wrote her thesis on the drawings of George Romney, before gaining her first employment at the Tate Gallery. Career. Upon leaving the Tate she took up a position at the Courtauld Institute's Witt Library before her appointment as Keeper of Art at the Belfast Museum and Gallery in 1957. Crookshank spent much of her early years in Belfast building a contemporary art collection with an international standing, although her purchases

Anne Crookshank

did not always meet with the approval of a conservative Belfast public, with some City Fathers calling her "the whore of Babylon". However it was in Belfast that she first became acquainted with Deborah Brown, who was to remain a close friend for the remainder of her life. Crookshank was an active member of the Irish Georgian Society for more than fifty years, and it was there that she was to meet her long time collaborator Desmond Fitzgerald, the Knight of Glin. Their first collaboration was on a landscape exhibition in 1963, which was shown both North and South of

Anne Crookshank

the border. Together they set out to educate the public and themselves in Irish Art History, beginning with the publication of "The Painters of Ireland c.1660–1920" in 1978. In 1994, Crookshank and Fitzgerald won the CINOA Prize for the companion publication "The Watercolours of Ireland". In 1966 Crookshank began a long journey to reassess the place of Irish art in the World by establishing Ireland's first art history faculty at Trinity College, Dublin. She travelled the length and breadth of Ireland to rediscover lost artists and paintings, firmly establishing the history of Irish art within a wider European context

Anne Crookshank

. Crookshank was elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1978 and as honorary member of the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1985. Crookshank sat on many committees including the Art Committee of the Arts Council of Northern Ireland, National College of Art and Design, the Hugh Lane Gallery, and the Stamp Design Advisory Committee in the Republic. She was also one of a select few responsible for setting up and managing the ROSC exhibitions of international modern art in the period spanning from 1967 until 1988. Death and legacy. Crookshank died in Áras Uí Dhomhnaill Nursing Home, Milford after a long

Anne Crookshank

illness, in the autumn of 2016. She was survived by her sister Helen and several nieces and nephews. By the time of her passing she was amongst the leading art-historians in Ireland. She bequeathed her research archive to the Art History Faculty at Trinity College. In 1985, in honour of her contribution to Irish art history her colleagues established a travel-scholarship in her name. Other sources. - An Irishwoman's Diary - INA.edu - Irish Newspaper Archives Anne Crookshank Anne Olivia Crookshank "HRHA" (3 January 1927 – 18 October 2016) was a pioneering Irish art historian, and emeritus professor of the history

Anne Crookshank

Zeppelin LZ 59 Zeppelin LZ 59 The LZ 59 (L 20) was a World War I German Navy Airship and was the first Q-Class zeppelin with a then record length of . It was allocated the tactical numbering L 20 and carried out a total of 19 flights, including 2 raids on England and 10 reconnaissance missions. Construction. The "LZ 59" was built by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin in Friedrichshafen, Germany, during the First World War. It was built to join the ranks of the German Kaiserliche Marine in the fight against the United Kingdom. The ship was completed as the first Q-Class zeppelin

Zeppelin LZ 59

on 21 November 1915 and had a record length of . It also had a diameter of and 35,800 m³ gas volume contained in 18 gas cells. The ship could reach a top speed of 95 km/h, with four Maybach HSLu engines driving four propellers, producing at total of , giving a range of . The "LZ 59" could reach an altitude of . The ship had room to carry 18 crew members in her two gondolas. War career. The "LZ 59" conducted its first flight on 21 December 1915 from Friedrichshafen to Tønder. The first flight was commanded by Kapitänleutnant Franz Stabbert

Zeppelin LZ 59

with first officer Lieutenant Ernst Schirlitz, but the ship did not see action in the war until 1916. It was stationed in Tønder from 18 January 1916 to 21 February 1916 and in Seddin near Slupsk, Poland before being flown back to Tønder on 6 April 1916. Bombing raids on the English Midlands. The "LZ 59" conducted its first bombing raid on Britain on the night of 31 January and 1 February 1916. The ship took off together with "L 19" from Tønder and joined 9 other naval airships whose objective was to destroy the docks in Liverpool, as well

Zeppelin LZ 59

as other targets in the English midlands. The raid was personally led by airship fleet manager Peter Strasser who was on the "L 11". "LZ 59" dropped 7 highly explosive bombs on the railway junction at the Bennerley Viaduct and steelworks near Awsworth northwest of Nottingham. The viaduct, however, emerged with only superficial marks from shrapnel, which are visible to this day, and no fatalities were reported. The next target for "LZ 59" was the Stanton steelworks, located south of Ilkeston. The ship dropped 15 bombs on its intended target, of which one bomb hit the railway bridge over Nutbrook

Zeppelin LZ 59

Canal, killing 2 people. The ship then went on to drop another 4 bombs on Loughborough, which is located about south of Nottingham. Two of the bombs fell on the Rushes stores in the center of the town and the other two near the Empress plant to the east. The attack on Loughborough led to 12 people being injured and the death of ten of the town's inhabitants, including Mary Anne Page and two of her children, whose names can be seen on a plaque in Loughborough Carillon Park. "LZ 59" flew westward and bombarded Burton-upon-Trent at

Zeppelin LZ 59

8:45pm. One of the bombs dropped on the city landed between the Christchurch and the mission house in Uxbridge Street, where over 200 people had gathered. The following explosion injured 72 and killed 6 people, including guest missionary Mary Rose Morris from Brighton, who died while hugging her Bible. "LZ 59" also dropped 12 firebombs on the city, which damaged some houses and 2 breweries. The bombardment of Burton-upon-Trent ended up killing a total of 15 people. As the night passed, all of the airships were ordered to return to their bases. In the end, none of the

Zeppelin LZ 59

nine airships reached Liverpool, however a great deal of damage was done to the English midlands and many British citizens died in the attacks. The German army ended up losing one airship, the "L 19", which was forced to crash land in the North Sea leading to the death of everyone on board. An English ship had rushed to the surviving crew's aid, but ended up abandoning them. After the air raid "LZ 59" was given the nickname "Raider of Loughborough" due to the city's damage and the high death toll. May 1916 bombing raid and crash. "LZ

Zeppelin LZ 59

59" started its second bombing raid on Britain during the night of 2 May and 3 May 1916. The ship left its base in Tønder and joined 6 other airships to conduct another bombing raid against a number of factories, smelters and railways in Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees and Hartlepool in northeast England. Another target for the airships were some enemy warships at the mouth of the Firth of Forth near Edinburgh, Scotland. After the air raid the airships returned safely to their bases except "LZ 59", which was having problems with one of its four engines and also encountered

Zeppelin LZ 59

strong winds from the southeast, which increased to a moderate gale. The wind blew the ship north past Peterhead and out to the North Sea towards neutral Norway. In the early morning of 3 May 1916, "LZ 59" passed northeast of Feistein Lighthouse about from the mainland. It then changed course to the southeast in order to follow the coastal landscape along Jæren, Revtangen and Obrestad Lighthouse at an altitude of . Commander Stabbert decided to attempt an emergency landing at Gandsfjorden near Sandnes due to the low amount of gasoline left in the airship's fuel tanks. The airship passed

Zeppelin LZ 59

west of Sandnes and Lura at a low altitude in order to go beyond Gandsfjorden and into the inner fjords south of Stavanger. Around 11:00am, the airship touched down in a fairly calm fjord, where it dipped its nose and front gondola a few times in the water. Commander Stabbert ordered the crew to jump in the water, Lieutenant Schirlitz and six sailors followed the commander's orders and jumped overboard. Two officers swam ashore to Dale, while the sailors were rescued by a small fishing boat captained by Jeremiah Bykle. However, there were still 8 men on board the

Zeppelin LZ 59

airship, which started to gain height again as it was relieved of weight. The wind took the airship northwest before its anchor caught a large rock on Heddå mountain. The shock of the sudden stop detached one of the gondolas, which fell to the ground with four men on board, of whom 3 died. The airship rose again and flew further to Hafrsfjord before it slowly fell into the water near Jåsund at 11:55am. Shortly before it hit the water and broke in half, one man jumped out the ship and the last three crewmen were rescued by a torpedo

Zeppelin LZ 59

boat. Aftermath. On 4 May 1916 at 9:00am the wind turned toward the northeast and drove the wreck of the airship towards the stone coast of Sør-Sunde. As a result, the gondola and motors were crushed and the ship's machine guns fell into the water. In order to prevent the ship from doing any damage to the nearby towns, Norwegian Colonel Johannesen summoned 12 soldiers who, at 3:00pm, fired at the wreckage from a distance of , igniting the remaining hydrogen in a massive explosion. Internment of the crew. Some of the crew were interned on the German auxiliary

Zeppelin LZ 59

cruiser Berlin in Trondheimsfjord, where they remained until the end of the war. Six other crew members, including an officer, were interned in Madlalejren and were released shortly after. Commander Stabbert fled after 6 months of internment and returned to the airship base in Tønder on 20 December 1916. Legacy. The "LZ 59" will always be remembered as the "Raider of Loughborough" to the people of Britain. The airship dropped a total of of bombs during its two raids and killed an estimated 17 people, as well as damaging many buildings. It made a total of 19 flights, covering a

Zeppelin LZ 59

distance of . Zeppelin LZ 59 The LZ 59 (L 20) was a World War I German Navy Airship and was the first Q-Class zeppelin with a then record length of . It was allocated the tactical numbering L 20 and carried out a total of 19 flights, including 2 raids on England and 10 reconnaissance missions. Construction. The "LZ 59" was built by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin in Friedrichshafen, Germany, during the First World War. It was built to join the ranks of the German Kaiserliche Marine in the fight against the United Kingdom. The ship was completed as the first Q

Zeppelin LZ 59

FK Vasilevo FK Vasilevo FK Vasilevo () is a football club based in the village of Vasilevo near Strumica, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian Third League (East Division). History. The club was founded in 1950. FK Vasilevo FK Vasilevo () is a football club based in the village of Vasilevo near Strumica, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian Third League (East Division). History. The club was founded in 1950.

FK Vasilevo

The Girl with the Five Zeros The Girl with the Five Zeros The Girl with the Five Zeros (German: Das Mädchen mit den fünf Nullen) is a 1927 German silent comedy film directed by Curtis Bernhardt. The plot concerns a winning lottery ticket. The film's sets were designed by Heinrich Richter. The Girl with the Five Zeros The Girl with the Five Zeros (German: Das Mädchen mit den fünf Nullen) is a 1927 German silent comedy film directed by Curtis Bernhardt. The plot concerns a winning lottery ticket. The film's sets were designed by Heinrich Richter.

The Girl with the Five Zeros

Reginaia Reginaia Reginaia is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks that is native to North America. This genus was separated from "Fusconaia" in 2012 based on genetic evidence. Species. Species within this genus include: Reginaia Reginaia is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks that is native to North America. This genus was separated from "Fusconaia" in 2012 based on genetic evidence. Species. Species within this genus include:

Reginaia

Elisabet Reinsalu Elisabet Reinsalu Elisabet Reinsalu (until 2012, Elisabet Tamm; born 21 April 1976) is an Estonian stage, television, voice, and film actress. Early life and education. Elisabet Reinsalu was born Elisabet Tamm in Tallinn to Tõnu Tamm and Mari Lill, both actors. She has an older sister named Katariina. Her maternal uncle is glass artist Ivo Lill. Tamm graduated from secondary school in 1994 from Tallinn Õismäe Humanitarian Gymnasium. She spent three years studying advertising and media at Tallinn Pedagogical University (now, Tallinn University) before entering the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre's Drama School, graduating in 2002. Among her

Elisabet Reinsalu

graduating classmates were Priit Võigemast, Ott Aardam, Hele Kõrve, Karin Rask, Mart Toome, Evelin Võigemast, Maria Soomets, and Argo Aadli. Stage career. Following graduation, Elisabet Tamm joined the Tallinn City Theatre in 2002; where she is still presently engaged. She made her stage debut while still a student in the role of Edith in a 2000 production of Mark Twain's 1881 novel "The Prince and the Pauper". Her stage debut as an actress engaged at the theatre was in the role of Catherine in a 2002 production of David Auburn's 2000 play "Proof". Other notable stage appearances include

Elisabet Reinsalu

roles in productions by authors and playwrights such as: Alexandre Dumas, Jaan Tätte, Anton Hansen Tammsaare, William Butler Yeats, Luigi Pirandello, Carlo Gozzi, Jón Atli Jónasson, and J. B. Priestley. Film career. Tamm made her film debut at age 15 in 1991 as Rita in the Roman Baskin directed drama "Rahu tänav" for Tallinnfilm, starring Mikk Mikiver and Jüri Järvet. Following this role, she returned to her studies and didn't appear in another film until receiving a small roll in the 2002 Elmo Nüganen directed historical drama "Nimed marmortahvlil", adapted from the 1936 Albert Kivikas novel of the same

Elisabet Reinsalu

name about the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence. In 2006, she played the role of Ottilie in the Roman Baskin directed "Vana daami visiit"; based on 1956 tragicomic play "The Visit" by Swiss dramatist Friedrich Dürrenmatt, and starring Ita Ever and Aarne Üksküla. Other small film roles include, the Marko Raat directed "Agent Sinikael" in 2002; the Mart Arjukese directed film short "Viimane öö" in 2003; as a voice actress in the Hardi Volmer directed animated film short "Barbarid" in 2003; in the 2005 Leeni Linna directed dramatic short film "Personal Space"; and the Sander Allikmäe directed dramatic short film

Elisabet Reinsalu

Kastis in 2012. In addition to film roles, she has also had a career as a voice actress; often dubbing foreign animated film characters into Estonian. She has voiced the characters Colette Tatou in Pixar's 2007 American computer-animated comedy film "Ratatouille"; Vanellope von Schweetz in the American 3D computer-animated fantasy-comedy film "Wreck-It Ralph", produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios; and Maggie in the 2013 3D Belgian-French computer-animated fantasy-comedy film "The House of Magic", among others. Television career. Tamm's first prominent television role as an actress was as Rita Leidpalu in the

Elisabet Reinsalu

2006–2007 ETV crime drama serial "Ohtlik lend". In 2008, she appeared in the role of Helmi Reiman in the ETV twelve-part television historical mini-series "Tuulepealne maa", which focused on the pre-World War II history of Estonia, its birth as a country, the Estonian War of Independence, post-war life throughout 1920 up to 1941 and World War II. Since 2010, she has appeared as Mari Murakas in the popular Kanal 2 drama series "Pilvede all". In 2013, she played a central character named Vivian in the TV3 drama series "Kartulid ja apelsinid". Personal life. In 2012, Elisabet

Elisabet Reinsalu

Tamm married Ardo Reinsalu. The couple had been in a long-term relationship and have two children; a daughter, born in 2004; and a son, born in 2008. Since 2012, she has used her married surname Reinsalu. Elisabet Reinsalu Elisabet Reinsalu (until 2012, Elisabet Tamm; born 21 April 1976) is an Estonian stage, television, voice, and film actress. Early life and education. Elisabet Reinsalu was born Elisabet Tamm in Tallinn to Tõnu Tamm and Mari Lill, both actors. She has an older sister named Katariina. Her maternal uncle is glass artist Ivo Lill. Tamm graduated from secondary school in 1994

Elisabet Reinsalu

Blitzen, Oregon Blitzen, Oregon Blitzen is a ghost town in the Catlow Valley of southern Harney County, Oregon. History. It appears that at some point a post office named Blitzen was established about 10 miles south of Narrows, and named for the Donner und Blitzen River, which flowed nearby. Another post office was established in another town called Blitzen on April 10, 1915. A Mr. Stewart served as the first postmaster, and the town's population gradually declined; there were only three families left in Blitzen in 1924. The Blitzen post office continued to operate as a small rural delivery site until

Blitzen, Oregon

it was closed in February 1943. Today, there is no evidence of habitation at any of these sites except at the ghost town of Blitzen, where there are still a few deteriorated buildings at the town site, which is now located on the large Roaring Springs Ranch. Blitzen, Oregon Blitzen is a ghost town in the Catlow Valley of southern Harney County, Oregon. History. It appears that at some point a post office named Blitzen was established about 10 miles south of Narrows, and named for the Donner und Blitzen River, which flowed nearby. Another post office was established in

Blitzen, Oregon

Yokote Castle Yokote Castle Yokote Castle was built by the Onodera clan in 1550, in Akita prefecture. While it was constructed in 1500s, it's believed there were fortifications on site before that. The castle was of a modest size, consisting mainly of two features: the main enclosure and the secondary, Ninomaru. It was burnt down in the Boshin War. Present site. There is a reconstruction of the keep, built in 1965, on the present site, in the main enclosure. Yokote Castle Yokote Castle was built by the Onodera clan in 1550, in Akita prefecture. While it was constructed in 1500s, it

Yokote Castle

15th Tank Corps 15th Tank Corps The 15th Tank Corps (, "15-y tankoviy korpus") was a tank corps of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It formed in 1938 from a mechanized corps and fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland, during which it participated in the capture of the Grodno and Augustów Forest from Poland. The corps was disbanded in January 1940 at Wilno and Soleczniki. In 1942, the corps was reformed under the command of Major General Vasily Koptsov and became part of the 3rd Tank Army. It first saw combat in the unsuccessful Kozelsk Offensive of late August and early

15th Tank Corps

September, a relatively small operation to encircle a German salient, which resulted in the corps taking heavy losses in proportion to the territory gained. After spending the rest of the year in reserve, receiving new supplies and equipment, the corps was transferred to the southern front in southwestern Russia to fight in the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive during January 1943, in which it played a major role by forming part of the forces that encircled thousands of Axis troops on the middle reaches of the Don River. In February 1943, the unit fought in Operation Star, achieving its objective of recapturing

15th Tank Corps

the key city of Kharkov in eastern Ukraine. As the Soviet advance outran its supply lines, the corps was slowly worn down and was virtually destroyed after being surrounded by a German counteroffensive in the Third Battle of Kharkov during late February and early March. Koptsov was among those killed in the fighting. The corps was rebuilt in the following months and became part of the newly created 3rd Guards Tank Army, fighting in Operation Kutuzov, the Soviet counteroffensive during the Battle of Kursk, in late July. For its actions in the offensive, the corps was converted into the 7th

15th Tank Corps

Guards Tank Corps. First formation. The 15th Tank Corps formed in 1938 from the 5th Mechanized Corps at Naro-Fominsk in the Moscow Military District, inheriting the honorific "named for (Konstantin) Kalinovsky", a Soviet military theorist. Commanded by "Komdiv" (equivalent to Lieutenant General) Mikhail Petrovich Petrov, the corps included the 2nd Light Tank Brigade (previously the 5th Mechanized Brigade), the 27th Light Tank Brigade (formerly 10th Mechanized Brigade), the 20th Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade (formerly 50th Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade), and the 401st Separate Communications Battalion, a support unit. Soon after its formation, the corps was transferred

15th Tank Corps

to the Belorussian Special Military District, its headquarters located in Borisov. The 2nd and 27th Light Tank Brigades were based in Borisov, and the 20th Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade was based in Mogilev. The 89th Separate Air Liaison Flight formed as part of the corps at Borisov on 4 August, operating Polikarpov R-5 and U-2 biplanes. Soviet invasion of Poland. Initial advance. The corps fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, as part of Ivan Boldin's Dzerzhinsky Cavalry-Mechanized Group (KMG). The invasion was conducted under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which

15th Tank Corps

divided Poland between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany and guaranteed that neither country would attack the other. At the beginning of the campaign, the 2nd Brigade had 234 BT-7 light tanks and 30 BA armored cars, the 27th Brigade had 223 BT-7s and 31 BAs, and the 20th Brigade had 61 BAs; the corps thus fielded 461 tanks and 122 armored cars. On 17 September, at 05:00, the corps, advancing on the KMG's southern flank, crossed the state border, overran the Polish border guards, and began a rapid advance without resistance; most of the Polish troops in the

15th Tank Corps

east had been transferred west to fight against the German invasion of Poland earlier in the month. By 12:00, the 27th Brigade had reached Mir and Ajucavičy, overrunning the practically undefended NowosiółkiKajszówki sector of the Baranovichi Fortified Region. By the end of the day, the 27th Brigade had crossed the Servach River in the Lubanichi area, the 2nd Brigade had crossed the Usza River, and the 20th Brigade had advanced to the border at Losha. During the day, the corps suffered casualties of one killed and two wounded.On 18 September, the 27th Brigade advanced from the line of Rudašy

15th Tank Corps

and Zaberdowo, but was bogged down for several hours while moving through the area near Golewicze. As a result, it did not reach the Jarniewo area, west of Slonim, until the morning of 19 September. After the retreating Polish garrison burned one of the two bridges over the Shchara River, the 2nd Brigade entered Slonim and disarmed 80 policemen. On 19 September, the brigade reached Vawkavysk, and the corps was ordered to take Grodno and Sokółka by the end of the day, in conjunction with the motorcycle units of the 4th and 13th Rifle Divisions. At the same time the

15th Tank Corps

27th Brigade captured Dvorets, disarming 400 people and capturing 300 rifles, but fuel shortages kept the corps stretched out along the SlonimVawkavysk road awaiting refueling. The 20th Brigade approached Slonim from the east, further clogging the roads and delaying the arrival of supply units. Battle of Grodno. After receiving fuel from 07:00 on 20 September, the units of the corps began to advance on Grodno in multiple waves. At 13:00, 50 tanks from the 27th Brigade reached the southern outskirts of the city, beginning the Battle of Grodno. By 14:00, the 2nd Brigade had taken Sokółka, and its advance units

15th Tank Corps

had reached Dąbrowa. At the end of the day, motorcycle units of the 4th Rifle Division and battalions of the 20th Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade, which had all been delayed by fuel shortages, had reached the city. Grodno was defended by an understrength force of up to 3,000 Polish officers, gendarmes, and volunteers who had burned the bridges across the Neman. The 27th Brigade's reconnaissance battalion launched the first attack with 12 tanks and an armored car, and was later joined by two tank battalions with a total of 36 tanks. By 19:00, two battalions of the

15th Tank Corps

13th Rifle Division's 119th Rifle Regiment had arrived at Grodno, and on the morning of 21 September they were reinforced by two battalions of the 4th Rifle Division's 101st Rifle Regiment and the motorized detachment of the 16th Rifle Corps, the latter of which was subordinated to the corps for the duration of the battle. By the end of 20 September, the combined forces had captured the southern part of Grodno. At 07:00 on 21 September, the artillery batteries of the two rifle regiments and the 20th Brigade commenced firing from the southern bank of the Niemen, demolishing

15th Tank Corps

the main Polish strongpoints—barracks, churches, and trenches—on the northern bank of the Niemen. The 119th Regiment then crossed to the north bank and rebuilt a bridge for the tanks to use. After defeating a group of Polish officers in the Poniemuń district, the regiment captured the eastern part of the city. Meanwhile, the 101st Regiment and a tank company from the 27th Brigade, which crossed the river behind the 119th, destroyed a group of about 250 officers defending the wooded hills east of the city, then advanced northeast and captured the railway station by the end of the

15th Tank Corps

day. The 20th Brigade captured the southwestern part of the city, but was unable to advance northward because of strong Polish resistance in the houses and trenches near the bridge and the tobacco factory. The Soviet advances on 21 September resulted in the suppression of large pockets of resistance, and during the night, remnants of the Polish defenders retreated in the direction of Sapotskin and Suwałki. Grodno was cleared of Polish troops on 22 September. The 27th Brigade lost two burned and 12 damaged BT-7 light tanks in the battle, some to Molotov cocktails thrown by the defenders from attics

15th Tank Corps

and trenches, and its casualties totaled 19 killed and 26 wounded. The 20th Brigade lost a BA-10 to Molotov cocktails, suffering casualties of 3 killed and 20 wounded. The 16th Rifle Corps' motorized detachment lost 25 killed, 110 wounded, and a burned tank. During the battle, the corps killed 320 officers, 20 non-commissioned officers, and 194 soldiers, many of whom were crushed by tanks in the eastern part of the city. Between 20 and 21 September, they had captured 38 Polish officers, 20 non-commissioned officers, and 1,477 enlisted men, as well as 514 rifles, 146 machine guns, a

15th Tank Corps

mortar, and an anti-aircraft gun. Mopping up operations and disbandment. One detachment from the 2nd Brigade, under the command of Major F.P. Chuvakin, was composed of a machine gun and rifle battalion and 45 tanks, 37 of which were from the brigade and the rest from the KMG. It was attached to the KMG to mop up remaining resistance in the Augustów Forest and to prevent the Poles fleeing to Lithuania. On 22 September, in the area of Sapotskin, the detachment engaged units of the Polish 101st and 102nd Uhlan Regiments, as well as the 110th Reserve Uhlan Regiment

15th Tank Corps

, and other units retreating from Grodno. Most of the Polish troops escaped into the forest because of the slow advance of the detachment. Around three companies of Polish troops were dispersed and several officers were killed, among them the Grodno defense commander, Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński. The retreating Polish forces left mines, which blew up four BT-7 tanks. Chuvakin's troops also lost 11 killed and 14 wounded. The detachment advanced to Sejny and on 23 September reached the Augustów Canal at Vulka, where it was stopped by Polish troops on the left bank, who had burned the bridge over the

15th Tank Corps

canal. A tank company forded the canal and forced the defenders to retreat, leaving nine dead. In the fighting of 22 and 23 September, the detachment killed about 40 officers and many soldiers, and captured more than 500 troops, 300 rifles, and 12 machine guns. On 23 September, the 20th Brigade moved to Dąbrowa, where it eliminated remnants of Polish units in the Augustów Forest. Two days later, 15 armored cars were detached from the brigade to relieve German troops garrisoning the Osowiec Fortress, which fell in the Soviet sphere of influence under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Between 23 and

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26 September, a detachment of 20 tanks and armored cars from the 27th Brigade and a rifle battalion moved along the road from Grodno to Augustów, and back again, capturing 300 prisoners along the way. During the campaign, the corps killed 78 officers, 133 non-commissioned officers, and 2,337 soldiers. It captured 322 officers, 30 non-commissioned officers, and 352 soldiers, as well as 814 rifles, 153 machine guns, a mortar, two cannons, and 15 cars. By 2 October, the KMG was disbanded and the corps was subordinated to the 3rd Army. On 10 October, the corps headquarters and the

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tank brigades were stationed at Wilno, and the 20th Brigade was at Soleczniki. The 15th was disbanded along with the other tank corps in January 1940; the Main Military Council considered the tank corps' performance in Poland unsatisfactory, believing them to be unwieldy and difficult to control. Second formation. The corps was re-formed in May 1942 at the Moscow Armored Training Center, nearly a year after Germany had abandoned the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and invaded the Soviet Union. Major General Vasily Koptsov took command of the formation, which included the 96th and 113th Tank Brigades, the 105th Heavy Tank

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Brigade, the 17th Motor Rifle Brigade, and the 5th Reconnaissance Battalion. The corps was assigned to the 3rd Tank Army on 25 May, and as of 2 June included 150 tanks, comprising 30 KV tanks, 60 T-34 tanks, and 60 T-60 light tanks. The corps concentrated in the Tula area with the rest of the army, conducting intensive training exercises. After Axis forces launched the Case Blue summer offensive in southern Russia in late June, Stavka believed that an attack by Army Group Centre on the Oryol axis was possible, and ordered the army to concentrate in the Yefremov area

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. On 6 July, the army was ordered to concentrate to the west in the Chern area, moving closer to the front. The relocation was completed by 9 July, and the 15th Tank Corps was positioned in the area of the Agnichnoye State Farm, Dupny, Bolshoy Kon, Gremyachevo, Yasnyy Lug, and Korotky, where it engaged in combat training and created a defensive line in readiness to repulse a German attack. Late that month, the 96th Brigade was transferred to the Bryansk Front, and it was replaced by the 195th Tank Brigade between 10 and 12 August. Kozelsk Offensive. In early August

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, the 2nd Panzer Army launched a limited offensive towards Sukhinichi in an attempt to eliminate a Soviet salient. The attack was initially successful, but soon bogged down in the face of determined Soviet resistance. To eliminate the penetration and encircle the lead forces of the 2nd Panzer Army, the Kozelsk Offensive was launched by the 3rd Tank Army on the eastern flank of the salient. On 14 August, the order was given to relocate to the Kozelsk area in preparation for the attack; the army began moving the following night, the tanks being transported by rail. The offensive was scheduled

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to begin on 19 August, but was postponed to 22 August after rains turned the roads to mud, delaying the arrival of the motorized infantry and vehicles from the morning of 16 August to late on 17 August. Railway logistical difficulties resulted in the transfer of personnel and equipment being completed only on 21 August, and cargo only by the end of 24 August. Soviet preparations for the attack were detected by German intelligence, and the German troops in the salient were reinforced and began preparing strong defensive lines. At the beginning of the offensive, the corps was at full

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strength, with 24 KV tanks, 87 T-34s, and 48 T-60 and 21 T-70 light tanks, a total of 180 tanks. For the attack, Koptsov was placed in command of a group consisting of the 15th Tank Corps and the 154th Rifle Division, reinforced by support units. The group's immediate objective was to advance towards Meshalkino, Myzin, Marino, and Belyi Verkh, then cross the Vytebet River and establish a bridgehead on its west bank. It was afterwards to surround and destroy German troops in the area of Trostyapka, Perestryazh, and Belyi Verkh, operating in conjunction with the 16th and the

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61st Armies. On the first day of the attack, the 154th and 264th Rifle Divisions were sent into the attack first, but could not break through. The 12th Tank Corps was committed to the fight, but came under heavy German air attack and was stopped. At 12:00, a report was received that the 3rd Tank Corps had seized Smetskiye Vyselkami and advanced westwards. Considering that the main advance was halted by German resistance, Western Front commander Georgy Zhukov ordered the relocation of the 15th Tank Corps to that sector. The corps was to advance towards Slobodka and Belyi Verkh, but

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the report of Smetskiye Vyselkami's capture proved to be false, and the 15th's vanguard suffered heavy losses approaching the village. The 105th Heavy Tank Brigade and 17th Motor Rifle Brigade captured Smetskiye Vyselkami from the 56th Infantry Division's 192nd Infantry Regiment in fierce fighting by 17:00, but the corps was unable to make a breakthrough, becoming delayed by difficulties in traversing swampy terrain, getting lost while moving through forest trails, and running into minefields. The delays in the advance caused the armor to lag behind the infantry, and the tank columns came under heavy German air attack

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before reaching the fight on 23 August. For the next two days, the corps advanced slowly alongside other units, overcoming stubborn German resistance, before finally clearing the forests east of the Vytebet River of German troops on 25 August. The corps was unable to cross the river due to the firm German defenses on the other side. The next day, to end German resistance on the left flank, where the attacks of the 12th Tank Corps and 154th Rifle Division were unsuccessful, the corps was ordered to withdraw from the front in the Zhukovo area and reconcentrate in the forest

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west of Myzin. It was then to capture Sorokino in conjunction with the 12th Tank Corps and 154th Rifle Division. After moving to its new starting positions, the corps attacked at dawn on 26 August, but was again stymied by the forest terrain. The same day, the 12th Tank Corps and 264th Rifle Division came under heavy pressure from German tank counterattacks. On 27 August, army commander Prokofy Romanenko, fearing a breakthrough from the south, ordered the 15th Corps to concentrate in the forests north of Novogryn, in readiness to counterattack if a German breakthrough took place. In the event

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, by the end of the day, the Soviet lines had held and the 15th was not needed in that sector. That night, it was relocated from the Myzin area to the Pakom area, where, together with the 61st Army's 12th Guards Rifle Division, it was to break German resistance near Leonovo, then develop the breakthrough towards Ukolitsa into the rear of the German troops defending against the 154th and 264th Rifle Divisions and the 12th Corps at Bogdanovsky and Goskovo. On the afternoon of 28 August, the corps attacked after a 30-minute artillery bombardment and airstrikes, but was

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immediately stalled by an anti-tank ditch protected by minefields and artillery. During the night, sappers and motorized infantry managed to create passages through the ditch, but when the offensive was resumed the next morning, the 15th had advanced only before it was stopped by a second anti-tank ditch. It tried to break through during the day, but could not cross the ditch. On the night of 29/30 August, the corps was pulled out of the line and concentrated in the forest a kilometer south of Meshalkino to carry out an attack on Sorokino in conjunction with the 154th

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Rifle Division and 12th Tank Corps. The attack was cancelled due to the heavy losses suffered by both the 12th Tank Corps and 154th Rifle Division in the previous fighting, and the 15th also required time to reorganize. During the day the corps' 195th Tank Brigade conducted the only combat action, a successful operation to relieve two encircled battalions of the 61st Army's 156th Rifle Division. While the main forces of the 3rd Tank Army had been fighting at Sorokino, the 3rd Tank Corps had achieved a measure of success, crossed the Vytebet River, and begun fighting to capture

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Volosovo. As a result, the 15th Corps and the 154th were relocated to the Kumovo area on the right flank, and the 15th was tasked with exploiting the breakthrough to capture Perestryazh. The renewed attack began on 2 September but was delayed by German air attacks. Meanwhile, a regiment from the 264th Rifle Division proved unable to cross the Vytebet River and capture the village of Ozhigovo, which was necessary for the 15th Corps to exploit the breakthrough. This forced Koptsov to commit the 17th Motor Rifle Brigade and the 113th and 195th Brigades' motor rifle battalions to the battle

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. The motor rifle units crossed the Vytebet River after a short artillery barrage and captured Ozhigovo by the end of the day. The 195th Brigade's tank battalions moved across the Vytebet River and attacked Perestryazh the next day, but were unable to capture the village because they were first halted by a ravine covered by German artillery, and were then counterattacked on their left flank by 40 German tanks. Although they repulsed the counterattack and destroyed 13 tanks, the 195th's advance was stopped. On 4 September, after the 3rd Tank Corps was pulled out of the line due

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to losses and the main forces of the 264th arrived to hold Ozhigovo, the 15th's 17th and 113th Brigades were moved to the Volosovo area, having received orders to advance on Trostyanka alongside the 342nd Rifle Division. From 5 to 9 September, the corps attempted to advance, but was repeatedly repulsed, sustaining casualties and suffering fuel and ammunition shortages. The Kozelsk Offensive ended on 9 September with the combined Soviet tank units from all three armies left with only 200 tanks out of the 700 they originally fielded. Interlude. The corps was relocated to the forests west of Kaluga

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beginning on 20 September 1942 after the 3rd Tank Army became part of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. Around this time, the 17th Motor Rifle Brigade was transferred to another unit, and the 105th Brigade became part of the 5th Tank Army. A few days after arriving in the Kaluga area, Major General Pavel Rybalko replaced Romanenko, who became commander of the 5th Tank Army. The 15th rested and conducted training while refitting with supplies and equipment for the next several months, and was relocated to the Plavsk region on 22 October, remaining there until 26 December. The

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88th Tank Brigade joined the corps at the end of November and the 52nd Motor Rifle Brigade joined in mid-December, bringing the corps back up to strength. On 22 December, the corps and the army began relocation to the Kalach and then the Kantemirovka areas, part of the Voronezh Front, to participate in the upcoming Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, which was aimed to defeat Axis forces on the Upper Don. From 29 December to 13 January 1943, the corps was unloaded at the Kalach railway station. The relocation of the entire army was completed only on 15 January, due to

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a shortage of trains and railway congestion. Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive. For the offensive, the corps was reinforced by the 368th Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment, the 71st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, and the 47th Engineer Battalion. They were to make a breakthrough on the first day in the area between the advance of the 48th Guards and 184th Rifle Divisions, seizing Yekaterinovka and advancing on Varvarovka and Alexeyevka by the end of the day. The attack was scheduled to begin on 12 January 1943, but was moved back two days owing to railroad delays. By 13 January, 122 tanks from

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the army—most belonging to the corps' 113th and 195th Brigades—were still delayed by maintenance issues. This was because the Voronezh Front's initial offensive planning mandating that only the 12th Tank Corps would fight in the first attack, which resulted in the new tanks of the 15th being transferred to the 12th and the 12th's worn-out tanks to the 15th, although it was later decided that the entire army would fight in the operation. The 15th therefore had much less time to reorganize in preparation for the assault, and as a result of the 113th and

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195th Brigades arriving in the concentration areas on 13 January with only 10 to 12 tanks due to the delays, all of the serviceable tanks were transferred to the 88th Tank Brigade, which was brought up to a strength of 74 tanks. This single brigade constituted the entirety of the corps' armored troops involved in the first day's attack, as the 113th and 195th were placed in army reserve until their tanks arrived. The corps fought in the offensive from 14 January, tasked with advancing into the Axis rear and linking up with the 40th Army attacking from the

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north. On the first day, the corps attacked the XXIV Panzer Corps, overrunning its command post and killing its commander during a advance. After taking Alexandrovka, the corps cut the RossoshAlexandrovkaRovenki highway on 15 January by capturing Yeremovka. According to the 15th Tank Corps' reports, it had killed up to 600 Axis troops, captured 98 prisoners, 17 guns, 10 mortars, and 279 motor vehicles, and disabled five guns and 14 machine guns. This came at a cost of eight killed, 38 wounded, and one tank and three motor vehicles destroyed. The 15th then fought in the area of Olkhovatka and

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Sheliakino, during which it reported killing up to 950 German troops, capturing 2,100 prisoners, 1,200 motor vehicles, 1,856 rifles, 75 machine guns, 20 guns, and eight tanks. The 15th suffered losses during this period of 11 killed, 41 wounded, and one tank and one armored vehicle disabled. Operating in conjunction with the 12th Tank Corps, the 15th broke through German defenses and on 17 January closed the encirclement ring, linking up with troops from the 40th Army's 305th Rifle Division at Alexeyevka. This cut off the retreat for the Italian Alpini Corps and thousands of Hungarian and German troops

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. During the action, it reported killing 6,506 Axis troops, capturing 11,168, and capturing or destroying large amounts of artillery, weapons, equipment and transport, while losing 132 killed, 212 wounded, 39 missing, 14 tanks, six guns, two mortars, three armored vehicles, 10 motor vehicles, and six machine guns. Until the end of 25 January, the corps fought in the reduction of the Axis pocket north of Alexeyevka and began reconcentrating on the morning of 29 January. After marching in two days, it concentrated in the Valuyki area. Operation Star. The corps continued its advance towards Kharkov after the end of the

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Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, against increasingly stiffening resistance from the SS-Panzer Corps. On 2 February, Operation Star began, the corps in the second echelon of the army as it needed refitting. The 15th went into action on 3 February, a day earlier than planned, without its refitting completed, as army commander Lieutenant General Pavel Rybalko quickened the pace of the offensive to prevent German reinforcements establishing a defensive line on the Donets. The 15th Tank Corps advanced with the 160th Rifle Division towards Veliky Burluk and the Donets crossings at Pechengi. The corps crossed the Burlik River on 3 February

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and the next day captured Veliky Burluk from the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich. At the same time the lead force of the 195th Tank Brigade, advancing ahead of the remainder of the corps, reached German positions held by the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH) opposite Pechengi. The brigade attempted to capture a crossing over the Pechengi with support from the 160th during the evening, but was repulsed with heavy losses. The rest of the 15th Corps and 160th Division arrived there during 5 February, and at first light on 6 February, they attacked after

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a short artillery bombardment, but were again repulsed. On the night of 9/10 February, the corps and the 160th Division secured the crossing sites and captured Pechengi. The corps reported 650 German soldiers killed during the fighting, at a cost of 350 killed and wounded. The 15th then pursued the retreating units of the LSSAH but the advance was stopped by German defenses at Rogan only east of Kharkov. On 12 February, Rybalko began a new attack with the 15th Corps, 48th Guards Rifle Division, and the 160th attacking the eastern part of Kharkov. They pushed the LSSAH back to

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the inner defensive line of the city and reached the factory district in the city's eastern suburbs. Two days later, front commander Colonel General Filipp Golikov ordered a final assault, and the corps together with the 160th renewed the attack from the east. They entered eastern Kharkov itself late on 15 February, participating in heavy street fighting with the forces of the Das Reich Division. The city was recaptured the next day, the 88th Tank Brigade taking Dzerzhinsky Square and linking up with the 40th Army's 183rd Rifle Division. The 15th then pursued retreating German forces in the

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direction of Poltava. Late on 16 February, it captured Zalyutino and engaged German troops at Pesochnya on the road to Liubotyn. After capturing Pesochnya two days later, the 15th began the battle for Liubotyn against troops of the Grossdeutschland Division, but became bogged down in heavy fighting for the city. The corps' 195th Tank Brigade and the 160th Division were ordered to bypass the city and attempt to capture Staryi Merchik. On 21 February, they advanced on Liubotyn from the west, and the Grossdeutschland Division began its retreat from the city on the next day. In the battle for Liubotyn

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between 21 and 22 February, the corps reported killing 400 German soldiers and destroying 12 tanks, while suffering losses of 360 killed and wounded and six tanks. Third Battle of Kharkov. On 23 February 1943, German troops from the 4th Panzer Army counterattacked the Southwestern Front troops exploiting the breakthrough to the south of Kharkov, encircling many and forcing the remainder to retreat towards the Donets, beginning the Third Battle of Kharkov. The 3rd Tank Army was ordered to relieve the encircled troops, and the 15th Tank Corps changed direction, advancing towards Krasnograd. During the last days of February, the

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corps fought in a fierce meeting engagement with the LSSAH and 320th Infantry Division. Operating alongside the 111th Rifle Division, the 15th captured Novaya Vodolaga and on 26 February resumed its advance south, leaving the 195th Brigade to hold Novaya Vodolaga. By the end of 28 February, in conjunction with the 219th Rifle Division, the corps had captured Kegichevka, at the cost of heavy losses for the 88th Tank Brigade. The 88th was left with three T-34 tanks and two T-70s, and the other brigades were down to similar strength, leaving the entire corps with 19 tanks. Koptsov was severely

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wounded during the fighting on 28 February, and corps chief of staff Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Lozovsky became acting commander. By 2 March, the corps had been surrounded by the SS Panzer Corps east of Krasnograd and German tanks were in its rear at Lozovaya. Koptsov ordered the corps to defend the area around Kegichevka, the location of its headquarters. The 3rd Tank Army was completely surrounded and could not be relieved as it comprised most of the front's troops. Koptsov ordered a breakout, and a small number of troops with light weapons escaped the encirclement, all of the corps

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' 25 remaining tanks being lost. Koptsov himself was briefly captured on 2 March before dying of the wound he had received four days earlier. Meanwhile, the 195th Tank Brigade's commander took command of 32 repaired and recovered tanks from the 12th and 15th Corps at Novaya Vodolaga, defending the town alongside the 253rd Rifle Brigade. There, they withstood three days of attacks from LSSAH until 6 March, when their positions began to be encircled by LSSAH and the SS-Totenkopf Division. During the next few days the brigade retreated north of the Mzha River to Rakitnoye, which was given

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up on 9 March. The 195th then took up defensive positions in the Ozeryanka area. Operation Kutuzov. According to a report by the 3rd Tank Army's headquarters, the 15th Tanks Corps' strength on 14 March 1943 was only 1,000 men. By the following day, the remnants of the 15th had been concentrated in the Belyi Kholodets area, and on 21 March were moved to the Nikitovka, Samarino, and Chepukhino region for rest and refitting. On 31 March the corps was ordered to become part of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command in the Tambov area by 4 April

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. Instead, by the beginning of May it had been transferred to the Moscow Military District. The corps became part of the new 3rd Guards Tank Army within the month, and Major General Filipp Rudkin took command on 11 June. By 1 July, the corps had been rebuilt to a strength of 209 tanks and 16 self-propelled guns. On 13 July, the corps became part of the Bryansk Front along with its army, and was ordered to concentrate in the Novosil area by the end of 15 July, in preparation for Operation Kutuzov, the Soviet counteroffensive after the Battle of

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Kursk. After completing a march to its jumping-off point, the corps attacked on the morning of 19 July. The 12th and 15th Tank Corps crossed the Oleshen River in the first echelon of the assault and advanced by the end of the day, aided by artillery and air support. In the evening, the 15th's advance was stopped by the 8th Panzer Division. During the fighting on 19 July, the commander of the 113th Tank Brigade, Leonid Chigin, was killed in action. The strong German resistance during the day reduced the corps to 32 T-34 and 42 T-70 tanks

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from a strength of 129 T-34s and 68 T-70s at the start of the day. The following day, the corps shifted northwest to capture Otrada, cutting the MtsenskOryol highway in the Vysokoye area. In the evening, the 52nd Motor Rifle Brigade crossed the Oka River, capturing a bridgehead near Novaya Slobodka. By the end of 21 July, the corps arrived to assist the 12th Tank Corps and the 91st Separate Tank Brigade in the crossing of the Optushka River, delayed by intense German air attacks and tank counterattacks. The next morning, all three units began crossing the river. The 195th

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Tank Brigade's commander, Vasily Lomakin, was killed in action leading his unit on 22 July. Both Chigin and Lomakin were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. On 23 July, the German defenses on the Optushka were broken, and the pursuit began. By the end of the day, the corps had reached the line of Semendyaevsky, Karpovsky, Aleksandrovka, Safonovo, and Neplyuevo. The actions of the offensive had still failed to produce a decisive breakthrough for the army, and on 23 July the attack was shifted south, the 15th being ordered to march to concentration points at Zarya

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and in the Petrovo area. The march took place on the night of 23/24 July, the troops arriving on the morning of 24 July. The advance was renewed the next day, the 15th in the second echelon behind the 12th Corps. On 26 July 1943, the corps was converted into the 7th Guards Tank Corps simultaneously with the 12th Tank Corps, becoming part of the elite Soviet Guards, in recognition of the "courage and bravery" of its actions in the offensive. Commanders. The corps' first formation was commanded by the following officer: The corps' second formation was commanded by the

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following officers: 15th Tank Corps The 15th Tank Corps (, "15-y tankoviy korpus") was a tank corps of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It formed in 1938 from a mechanized corps and fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland, during which it participated in the capture of the Grodno and Augustów Forest from Poland. The corps was disbanded in January 1940 at Wilno and Soleczniki. In 1942, the corps was reformed under the command of Major General Vasily Koptsov and became part of the 3rd Tank Army. It first saw combat in the unsuccessful Kozelsk Offensive of late August

15th Tank Corps

Myang Zhuang language Myang Zhuang language Myang Zhuang is a Central Tai language spoken in Ronghua Township 荣华乡, Debao County, Guangxi, China. Myang Zhuang speakers call themselves ' (A2 tone) and ' (C1-A tone), and refer to Yang Zhuang varieties as "" instead of "" (Liao 2016:311). Myang Zhuang is spoken only in Ronghua Township, in villages including Nalong (那陇屯 ' ' in Myang and Yang Zhuang) in Nalong Village (那陇村) and Maomei Village (' ' in Yang Zhuang) (Liao 2016:311-312). Myang Zhuang language Myang Zhuang is a Central Tai language spoken in Ronghua Township 荣华乡, Debao County, Guangxi, China. Myang Zhuang speakers call themselves ' (A2 tone) and ' (C1

Myang Zhuang language

1901 Western Conference football season 1901 Western Conference football season The 1901 Western Conference football season was the sixth season of college football played by the member schools of the Western Conference (later known as the Big Ten Conference) and was a part of the 1901 college football season. In its first year under head coach Fielding H. Yost, Michigan compiled a perfect 11–0 record, outscored its opponents by a combined total of 550 to 0, and defeated Stanford by a 49 to 0 score in the inaugural Rose Bowl game, the first college bowl game ever played. Three of the five official selectors, the

1901 Western Conference football season

Helms Athletic Foundation, the Houlgate System, and the National Championship Foundation, recognize the 1901 Michigan team as the national champion. Wisconsin, under head coach Philip King, tied with Michigan for the conference championship with a 9–0 record, shut out seven of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents 317 to 5. Season overview. Results and team statistics. Key PPG = Average of points scored per game PAG = Average of points allowed per game Regular season. During the 1901 season, Western Conference teams played 18 games against each other, as follows: Bowl games. Michigan defeated Stanford, 49–0, in the 1902 Rose

1901 Western Conference football season