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The Use of Psychotropic Medication in Iranian Children with Developmental Disabilities | The use of psychotropic medication in children is increasing worldwide. Children with developmental disabilities seem to be prescribed these medications at a higher rate compared to their non-disabled peers. Little is known about prescribing in non-Western, middle-income studies. In Iran, the file records of 1133 children, aged 2 to 17 years, assessed as having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or an intellectual disability (ID) in Tehran City and Province from 2005 to 2019 were collated, and information from parental reports of medications was extracted. Upwards of 80% of children with ASD and 56% of those with ID were prescribed a psychotropic medication with around one quarter in each group taking two or more medications. The rates were higher among male children showing difficult-to-manage behaviors such as hyperactivity, but less so for children of fathers with higher levels of education. The lack of alternative management strategies may be a significant driver for the use of psychotropic medications in Iran and other Low and Middle Income countries, despite their known side effects, and their failure to address the developmental needs of the children. Rather, multi-disciplinary, behavioral, therapeutic, and educational interventions are required, but these are not available widely in Iran, although a start has been made. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnant patients in an Italian city during the complete lockdown | Data from both New York and London report a high prevalence of the asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant patients admitted for delivery, raising questions on the possible correlated dangers (ie, contacts with healthcare workers; the possible creation of an intrahospital outbreak at birth; and conflicting evidence on vertical transmission). For this study, results from SARS-CoV-2 screening via nasopharyngeal swab from maternity wards of the four hospitals of Genoa, Italy, were collected during a month of complete lockdown from 1 April to 30 April 2020. Out of 333 tested women, only 9 were symptomatic. Only one symptomatic patient (0.3%) and six asymptomatic ones (1.8%) tested positive. Out of the six positive asymptomatic patients, five were from the most disadvantaged neighborhood of the city (assessed by postal code). In conclusion, even if Italy was badly affected by coronavirus disease 2019 in the studied month, the reported prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in asymptomatic pregnant patients at term was lower than the ones reported in the literature. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Impact of COVID-19 on serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters in children | BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to analyze the serum melatonin levels and changes in sleep patterns in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters of children with the diagnosis of COVID-19 who had mild and moderate disease (i.e., COVID-19 group) were compared with those of children admitted with non-COVID-19 non-specific upper respiratory tract infection (i.e., control group). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire was applied to the participants' primary caregivers to analyze their sleep patterns at present and six months before symptom onset and to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep patterns. RESULTS: The entire study cohort consisted of 106 patients. The COVID-19 group included 80 patients, while the control group consisted of 26 patients. The mean serum melatonin levels were 136.72 pg/mL and 172.63 pg/mL in the COVID-19 and control groups, respectively (p=0.16). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of 6 subcategories of the SDSC questionnaire regarding the present time and six months before symptom onset. The total SDSC scores were also similar in two different evaluation time points described above (p=0.99). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that COVID-19 did not impact the sleep parameters of children. Serum melatonin levels of all patients were higher than the reference range; however, they were higher in the non-COVID-19 patient group than the COVID-19 group. Since serum melatonin levels were higher than the reference values in children with COVID-19, and this disease is significantly less morbid in children, melatonin may have protective effects against COVID-19. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Receptor-binding domain recombinant protein RBD219-N1C1 on alum-CpG induces broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern | We conducted preclinical studies in mice using a yeast-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD219-N1C1 subunit vaccine candidate formulated with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG deoxynucleotides. This vaccine formulation is similar to one that entered advanced phase 3 clinical development in India. We compared the immune response of mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum to mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG. We also evaluated mice immunized with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG and boosted with RBD219-N1C1/alum. Mice were immunized twice intramuscularly at a 21-day interval. Compared to two doses of the RBD219-N1C1/alum formulation, the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine induced a stronger and more balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response, with high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the original Wuhan isolate of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.1 (Kappa) variants. Notably, the sera from mice that received two 7 {micro}g doses of RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG showed more than 18 times higher neutralizing antibody titers against B.1.351, than the WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin NIBSC 20/136. Interestingly, a booster dose did not require the addition of CpG to induce this effect. The data reported here reinforces that the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine formulation is suitable for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 including three variants of concern, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.1 (Kappa). | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Antibody level predicts the clinical course of breakthrough infection of COVID-19 caused by delta and omicron variants: a prospective cross-sectional study | BACKGROUND: Omicron variant viruses spread rapidly, even in individuals with high vaccination rates. This study aimed to determine the utility of the antibody against the spike protein level as a predictor of the disease course of COVID-19 in vaccinated patients. METHODS: Between 11 December 2021 and 10 February 2022, we performed a prospective observational cohort study in South Korea, which included patients infected with delta –and –omicron variants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the association between antibody levels and the outcomes was conducted.The relationship between antibody levels and cycle threshold (Ct) values was confirmed using a generalised linear model. RESULTS: From 106 vaccinated patients (39 delta and 67 omicron), the geometric mean titres of antibodies in patients withfever (≥37.5 °C), hypoxia (≤94% of SpO(2)), pneumonia, C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation (>8 mg/L), or lymphopenia (<1,100 cells/μL) were 1,201.5 U/mL, 98.8 U/mL, 774.1 U/mL, 1,335.1 U/mL, and 1,032.2 U/mL, respectively. Increased antibody levels were associated with a decrease in the fever occurrence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–0.51), hypoxia (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08–0.7), CRP elevation (aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.0.94), and lymphopenia (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33–0.98). Ct values showed a positive correlation between antibody levels (P =0.02). CONCLUSION: Antibody levels are predictive of the clinical course of COVID-19 in vaccinated patients with delta and omicron variant infections. Our data highlight the need for concentrated efforts to monitor patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who are at risk of low antibody levels. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Glucocorticoids alone versus tocilizumab alone or glucocorticoids plus tocilizumab in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and mild inflammation./ Glucocorticoides solos versus tocilizumab solo o glucocorticoides más tocilizumab en pacientes con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 e inflamación moderada | AIM: To assess clinical outcomes according to the immunosuppressive treatment administered to patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and moderate inflammation. METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study involving 142 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate inflammation divided into three treatment groups (pulses of methylprednisolone alone [groupI], tocilizumab alone [groupII] and methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab [groupIII]). The aim was to assess intergroups differences in the clinical course with a 60-day follow-up and related analytical factors. RESULTS: 14 patients (9,8%) died: 8 (10%) in groupI and 6 (9,5%) in groupsII andIII. 15 (10,6%) were admitted to ICU: 2 (2,5%) from groupI, 4 (28,5%) from groupII and 9 (18,4%) from groupIII. The mean hospital stay was longer in groupII and clinical outcome was not associated with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Tocilizumab seems to be not associated with better clinical outcomes and should be reserved for clinical trial scenario, since its widespread use may result in higher rate of ICU admission and longer mean hospital stay without differences in mortality rate and potentially adverse events. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Six Months Follow-Up of Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation due to COVID-19 Related ARDS | Although patients who recovered from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have prolonged disabilities, follow-up data of those who have survived COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still very scarce. Therefore, COVID-19-ARDS survivors requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) were followed six months after discharge. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), 6-min walk test (6MWT) and echocardiography were performed. Quality of life (QoL), depression and anxiety were assessed using validated questionnaires. Patients were compared based on respiratory mechanics and CT-phenotype during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Eighteen patients were included (61 ± 7 years; ICU-stay: 34 ± 16 days; IMV: 30 ± 15 days). At follow-up (197 ± 15 days after discharge), PFTs did not reveal significant limitations (VC: 92 ± 16%; FEV1: 92 ± 20%; DLco/VA: 81 ± 16%). Cardiac systolic function was normal in all patients, but 50% of them had diastolic dysfunction. 6MWT was under the lower limit of normal in only two patients. Eight patients (44%) reported tiredness, six (33%) suffered from fatigue and one patient (6%) had depression and anxiety. Surprisingly, patients with worse respiratory mechanics during IMV reported fewer symptoms and less exertional dyspnea at follow-up. In conclusion, patients with COVID-19-ARDS have the possibility to fully recover regarding pulmonary function and exercise capacity, which seems to be independent of disease severity during ICU stay. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Disparities in Breast Cancer Associated With African American Identity | Persistent disparities in the burden of breast cancer between African Americans and White Americans have been documented over many decades. Features characterizing breast cancer in the African American community include a 40% higher mortality rate, younger age distribution, greater advanced-stage distribution, increased risk of biologically aggressive disease such as the triple-negative phenotype, and increased incidence of male breast cancer. Public health experts, genetics researchers, clinical trialists, multidisciplinary oncology teams, and advocates must collaborate to comprehensively address the multifactorial etiology of and remedies for breast cancer disparities. Efforts to achieve breast health equity through improved access to affordable, high-quality care are especially imperative in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its disproportionately high economic toll on African Americans. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Rapid Development and Utilization of a Clinical Intelligence Dashboard for Frontline Clinicians to Optimize Critical Resources During Covid-19 | Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented situation where sudden and prolonged surges of critically ill patients have disrupted healthcare systems worldwide A major concern for hospitals worldwide is how to best manage large numbers of COVID-19 infected and non-infected patients, while still maintaining high-quality clinical care. Aim: This manuscript describes the system development, collaborative efforts and the challenges encountered in developing an in-house clinical intelligence dashboard. Methods: Through a longitudinal, interdepartmental collaboration, a COVID-19 clinical intelligence dashboard was created using Microsoft Power BI and Cerner Computer Language (CCL) to demonstrate clinical severity of patients and patient location in a single screen. A color-coding schema was applied to produce a red highlight for patients whose condition is deteriorating, whether due to increasing oxygen demand or worsening laboratory values. An additional function enabled users to drill down into the patient's clinical and laboratory parameters for the past 5 days, and ultimately to the respective patient chart for further assessment. Results: The development of an in-house clinical intelligence dashboard is a feasible, effective tool to allow frontline clinicians to monitor patient status in multiple wards and proactively intervene as clinically necessary and transfer patients to the appropriate level of care. Comparing the 30 days before and 30 days after the implementation of the dashboard, the percentage of patients who required urgent intubation or cardiac resuscitation on the general medical ward, rather than a critical care setting, declined by over 50% (8 out of 34, 33% vs. 7 out of 55, 13%; two-tailed p < 0.05 by Fisher's exact test; OR 3.43; CI 1.07 to 10.95). Conclusion: The dashboard has enabled physicians to efficiently assess patient volumes and case severity to prioritize clinical care and appropriately allocate scarce resources. The dashboard can be replicated by developing healthcare systems that are continuing to grapple with the pandemic. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
SARS-CoV related Betacoronavirus and diverse Alphacoronavirus members found in western old-world() | The emergence of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, triggered the discovery of a high diversity of coronaviruses in bats. Studies from Europe have shown that coronaviruses circulate in bats in France but this reflects only a fraction of the whole diversity. In the current study the diversity of coronaviruses circulating in western Europe was extensively explored. Ten alphacoronaviruses in eleven bat species belonging to the Miniopteridae, Vespertilionidae and Rhinolophidae families and, a SARS-CoV-related Betacoronavirus in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were identified. The diversity and prevalence of bat coronaviruses presently reported from western Europe is much higher than previously described and includes a SARS-CoV sister group. This diversity demonstrates the dynamic evolution and circulation of coronaviruses in this species. That said, the identified coronaviruses were consistently associated with a particular bat species or genus, and these relationships were maintained no matter the geographic location. The observed phylogenetic grouping of coronaviruses from the same species in Europe and Asia, emphasizes the role of host/pathogen coevolution in this group. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Safety and Effectiveness of High-Dose Vitamin C in Patients with COVID-19;A Randomized Controlled open-label Clinical Trial | Background: To assess the effectiveness of vitamin C treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Methods: An open-label, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The case and control treatment groups each consisted of 30 patients. The control group received lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine and the case group received high-dose of vitamin C (six gr daily) added to the same regimen. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between two groups with respect to age and gender, laboratory results, and underlying diseases. On the 3 rd day of hospitalization, the mean core body temperatures was significantly lower and SpO2 was higher In the case group (p value = 0.001, and 0.014, respectively). The median length of hospitalization in case group which was significantly longer than the control group (8.5 days vs. 6.5 days) (p value = 0.0280). There was no significant difference in SpO2 levels at discharge time, the length of ICU stay, and mortality between the two groups. Conclusions: : We did not find significantly better outcomes in the group who were treated with high-dose vitamin C in addition to the main treatment regimen at discharge. Trial registration: The project was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.IRCT20200411047025N1 | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
The Influence of Potential Infection on the Relationship between Temperature and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China | Considering the impact of the number of potential new coronavirus infections in each city, this paper explores the relationship between temperature and cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China through the non-parametric method. In this paper, the floating population of each city in Wuhan is taken as a proxy variable for the number of potential new coronavirus infections. Firstly, to use the non-parametric method correctly, the symmetric Gauss kernel and asymmetric Gamma kernel are applied to estimate the density of cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China. The result confirms that the Gamma kernel provides a more reasonable density estimation of bounded data than the Gauss kernel. Then, through the non-parametric method based on the Gamma kernel estimation, this paper finds a positive relationship between Wuhan’s mobile population and cumulative confirmed cases, while the relationship between temperature and cumulative confirmed cases is inconclusive in China when the impact of the number of potential new coronavirus infections in each city is considered. Compared with the weather, the potentially infected population plays a more critical role in spreading the virus. Therefore, the role of prevention and control measures is more important than weather factors. Even in summer, we should also pay attention to the prevention and control of the epidemic. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Transmembrane Domains of Highly Pathogenic Viral Fusion Proteins Exhibit Trimeric Association In Vitro | Enveloped viruses require viral fusion proteins to promote fusion of the viral envelope with a target cell membrane. To drive fusion, these proteins undergo large conformational changes that must occur at the right place and at the right time. Understanding the elements which control the stability of the prefusion state and the initiation of conformational changes is key to understanding the function of these important proteins. The construction of mutations in the fusion protein transmembrane domains (TMDs) or the replacement of these domains with lipid anchors has implicated the TMD in the fusion process. However, the structural and molecular details of the role of the TMD in these fusion events remain unclear. Previously, we demonstrated that isolated paramyxovirus fusion protein TMDs associate in a monomer-trimer equilibrium, using sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation. Using a similar approach, the work presented here indicates that trimeric interactions also occur between the fusion protein TMDs of Ebola virus, influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV), and rabies virus. Our results suggest that TM-TM interactions are important in the fusion protein function of diverse viral families. IMPORTANCE Many important human pathogens are enveloped viruses that utilize membrane-bound glycoproteins to mediate viral entry. Factors that contribute to the stability of these glycoproteins have been identified in the ectodomain of several viral fusion proteins, including residues within the soluble ectodomain. Although it is often thought to simply act as an anchor, the transmembrane domain of viral fusion proteins has been implicated in protein stability and function as well. Here, using a biophysical approach, we demonstrated that the fusion protein transmembrane domains of several deadly pathogens—Ebola virus, influenza virus, SARS CoV, and rabies virus—self-associate. This observation across various viral families suggests that transmembrane domain interactions may be broadly relevant and serve as a new target for therapeutic development. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Drug delivery systems as Immunomodulators for therapy of infectious disease: relevance to COVID-19 | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, and the ensuing global pandemic, has resulted in an unprecedented response to identify therapies that can limit uncontrolled inflammation observed in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The immune pathology behind COVID-19 is complex and involves the activation and interaction of multiple systems including, but not limited to, complement, inflammasomes, endothelial as well as innate and adaptive immune cells to bring about a convoluted profile of inflammation, coagulation and tissue damage. To date, therapeutic approaches have focussed on inhibition of coagulation, untargeted immune suppression and/or cytokine-directed blocking agents. Regardless of recently achieved improvements in individual patient outcomes and survival rates, improved and focussed approaches targeting individual systems involved is needed to further improve prognosis and wellbeing. This review summarizes the current understanding of molecular and cellular systems involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and their contribution to pathogen clearance and damage to then discuss possible therapeutic options involving immunomodulatory drug delivery systems as well as summarising the complex interplay between them. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands by Targeting Host-specific SARS-CoV-2’s Structurally Conserved Main Protease | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide this disease has infected around 1.5 million individuals with a mortality rate ranging from 5 to 10%. It has also imposed extreme challenges on global health, economy, and social behavior. Due to the unavailability of therapeutics, several efforts are going on in the drug discovery to control the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The main protease (MPro) plays a critical role in viral replication and maturation, thus can serve as the primary drug target. To understand the structural evolution of MPro, we have performed phylogenetic and SSN analysis, that depicted divergence of Coronaviridae MPro in five clusters specific to viral hosts. This clustering was also corroborated with the comparison of MPro structures. Furthermore, it has been observed that backbone and binding site conformations are conserved despite variation in some of the residues. This conservation can be exploited to repurpose available viral protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 MPro. In agreement with this, we performed screening of the custom-made library of ~7100 molecules including active ingredients present in the Ayurvedic anti-tussive medicines, anti-viral phytochemicals and synthetic anti-virals against SARS-CoV-2 MPro as the primary target. We identified several natural molecules that strongly binds to SARS-CoV-2 MPro among which top seven molecules are d-Viniferin, Myricitrin, Taiwanhomoflavone A, Lactucopicrin 15-oxalate, Nympholide A, Biorobin and Phyllaemblicin B. Most of the predicted lead molecules are from Vitis vinifera, also reported for anti-tussive and/or antiviral activities. These molecules also showed strong binding with other main targets RdRp and hACE-2. We anticipate that our approach for identification of multi-target-directed ligand will provide new avenues for drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 infection. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Structural Basis of a Conventional Recognition Mode of IGHV1-69 Rheumatoid Factors. | Rheumatoid factors (RFs) are autoantibodies that recognize the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Genetically diverse RFs are produced in rheumatoid arthritis patients; however, in hematologic diseases, such as cryoglobulinemia and B cell lymphoma, RFs from a limited combination of heavy chain V-region genes and J-region genes are produced in large quantities and forms immune complexes with IgG. These genetically limited RFs have historically been used for the immunochemical characterization of RFs. Among them, RFs derived from the heavy-chain germline gene IGHV1-69 are the most common. Recently, the crystal structure of an IGHV1-69-derived RF named YES8c was elucidated in complex with human IgG1-Fc. Based on the structure and mutant analyses, a recognition mechanism for the autoantigen (IgG-Fc) common to IGHV1-69-derived RFs was proposed. This review summarizes the immunochemical character of the IGHV1-69-derived RFs, and then focuses on the recognition mechanism of the IGHV1-69-derived RFs, referring the structural features of the IGHV1-69-derived neutralizing antibodies. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Reflecting on Responsible Conduct of Research: A Self Study of a Research-Oriented University Community | Research-oriented universities are known for prolific research activity that is often supported by students in faculty-guided research. To maintain ethical standards, universities require on-going training of both faculty and students to ensure Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR). However, previous research has indicated RCR-based training is insufficient to address the ethical dilemmas that are prevalent within academic settings: navigating issues of authorship, modeling relationships between faculty and students, minimization of risk, and adequate informed consent. U.S. universities must explore ways to identify and improve RCR concerns for current (faculty) and future researchers (students). This article reports the findings of a self-study (N = 50) of research stakeholders (students and faculty) at a top tier research institution. First, we report on their perceived importance of applying RCR principles. Second, we explore relationships between stakeholder backgrounds (e.g., prior training, field, and position) and how they ranked the degree of ethical concerns in fictitious vignettes that presented different unethical issues university students could encounter when conducting research. Vignette rankings suggested concerns of inappropriate relationships, predatory authorship and IRB violations which were judged as most unethical, which was dissimilar to what sampled researchers reported in practice as the most important RCR elements to understand and adhere to for successful research. Regression models indicated there was no significant relationship between individuals’ vignette ethics scores and backgrounds, affirming previous literature suggesting that training can be ineffectual in shifting researcher judgments of ethical dilemmas. Recommendations for training are discussed. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
A Retrospective Cohort Study to Identify the Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection After Office Procedures. | OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify the incidence of and risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) after office cystoscopy and urodynamic studies (UDS) in a female population. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study investigating incidence of and risk factors for UTI after office testing. Inclusion criteria included women presenting for either cystoscopy or UDS from September 2019 to February 2020. Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to identify risk factors for UTI after cystoscopy and UDS in a female population. RESULTS A total of 274 patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred eighty-five patients underwent office cystoscopy. Nine (4.8%) had a postcystoscopy UTI. Significant risk factors for postcystoscopy UTI included recurrent UTI (relative risk, 7.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-34.05) and a history of interstitial cystitis (relative risk, 4.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-13.73). Of those with recurrent UTI, 13.7% had a postcystoscopy UTI. Among patients with interstitial cystitis, 25% had a postcystoscopy UTI. One hundred ninety-two patients underwent UDS. Ten (5.2%) developed a post-UDS UTI. No risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS Patients with recurrent UTI were 7.51 times more likely to develop a UTI after cystoscopy, whereas those with interstitial cystitis were 4.56 times more likely to develop a UTI after cystoscopy. The incidence of UTI after UDS was low overall. Understanding who is at higher risk of postprocedural UTIs may help identify subpopulations that may benefit from prophylactic strategies. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Kidney damage in COVID-19 patients with or without chronic kidney disease: Analysis of clinical characteristics and related risk factors | COVID-19 poses more risk to patients who already suffer from other diseases, particularly respiratory disorder In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and related risk factors during hospitalization of COVID-19 patients admitted with kidney damage A total of 102 COVID-19 patients with kidney damage [irrespective of their chronic kidney disease (CKD) history] during hospitalization were included in this study The patients were divided into a core group and a group who developed critical illness or death Clinical data included age, gender, length of hospitalization, clinical manifestations, medical history, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs -CRP), high serum creatinine, low cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and hemoglobin Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of patients' outcome Among the outcomes, 75 patients (73 53%) were cured, 27 (26 47%) developed to critical illness or death, 20 (19 61%) of them died A total of 36 (4 26%) out of 845 COVID-19 patients, developed acute kidney injury (AKI) Decreased oxygen saturation, elevated hs-CRP, elevated serum creatinine, elevated cTnI, and anemia were related factors for COVID-19 patients who developed to critical illness or death (P <0 05) Decreased oxygen saturation, elevated hs-CRP and anemia were not independent factors, but elevated serum creatinine and elevated cTnI were independent factors for COVID-19 patients who developed to critical illness or death (P <0 05) Among COVID-19 patients with or without CKD but with kidney damage during hospitalization, patients with elevated serum creatinine and elevated Tnl, more likely to developed critical illness or death | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
‘The Birth of the Virtual Choir’: Exploring the multimodal realisation of the Covid-19 liminal space in a YouTube virtual choir performance | As countries around the world went into lockdown in 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic, people looked for virtual ways of reducing social isolation. Amongst these online interactions, a relatively new phenomenon ? the virtual choir ? grew in popularity. As part of a wider study on virtual choirs, this study analyses the multimodal performance of, and textual audience responses to, ?The Birth of the Virtual Choir?, posted on YouTube in June 2020. The study uses a combination of Mediated Discourse Analysis (Norris and Jones, 2005) and the theoretical concept of liminality (Turner, 1974;van Gennep, 1960) as a means of understanding how one performance in this new genre was used to reflect personal crises during the pandemic and enforced lockdowns. It argues that the song mirrors a process of separation, transition and reaggregation in both time and space, consistent with rites of passages and liminal experiences, whereby social actors are isolated, use creative ways to find order to the chaos, then reintegrate into society as changed subjects. It also demonstrates how online creativity and illusion highlighted one choir?s experience on life and lockdowns during the Covid-19 pandemic, many of which appeared to ring true for their wider audience and other virtual choirs being born into the Covid era. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Impact of conspiracy beliefs on Covid-19 fear and health protective behavior: a case of university students | Purpose: This study investigated the impact of conspiracy beliefs on fear of Covid-19 and health protective behavior of university students in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted at three universities in Punjab (e.g. two public sectors and one private sector) with permission from concerned authorities for data collection. A total of 374 responses were received that were analyzed by applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results indicated the prevalence of conspiracy beliefs and fear of Covid-19 among university students of two public sector universities and one private sector university. Furthermore, the conspiracy beliefs of university students predicted their fear of Covid-19. However, conspiracy beliefs did not predict the health protective behavior of university students. Research limitations/implications: These results had serious implications for public health in Pakistan demonstrating the critical need for health education and promotion as individual preparedness along with system preparedness is essential to combat Covid-19 pandemic and infodemic. These results are useful for policymakers, healthcare professionals, university administration and library staff for making evidence-based decisions toward health education and promotion related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Originality/value: It is hoped that the present study would make an invaluable contribution to existing research on promotional health in general and the role of conspiracy beliefs in putting public health at risk in particular as limited studies have been published so far. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
[Retrospective analysis of nosocomial COVID-19: a comparison between patients with hematological disorders and other diseases] | Nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had occurred at our hospital We retrospectively analyzed the differences between patients with nosocomial COVID-19 and either hematological disease (n=40) or other diseases (n=57) The analysis was completed within 60 days for surviving patients Among the patients with hematological disease and those with other diseases, there were 21 (52 5%) and 20 (35 1%) deaths, respectively Although the patients with hematological disease received favipiravir more frequently than patients with other diseases (21 [52 5%] vs 15 [35 3%], respectively;P<0 05), their median overall survival was poor (29 days;P=0 078) Furthermore, the median duration from oxygen therapy initiation to death or intubation was significantly shorter in the patients with hematological disease (5 days [range, 1-17 days] vs 10 days [1-24 days], respectively;P<0 05) Furthermore, the patients with hematological disease and nosocomial COVID-19 exhibited more marked respiratory failure and poorer outcomes leading to death in a shorter time period than the patients with other diseases and nosocomial COVID-19 | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Global Competition & State Intervention. The Genesis of Japan's Motorcycle Global Leaders: Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki & Yamaha | Across Europe, businesses and policy makers are now worried about the future of industries dominated by U S and Chinese companies Since the financial and economic global crisis in 2007, Western industrialized countries have experienced a return to stronger state interventions in the business States, which had previously been reluctant to intervene, implemented interventions to support individual companies or adopted industrial measures for whole sectors Moreover, the pandemic has driven Asian countries to double down on the tradition of state intervention The specific causes of the coronavirus global recession, however, impose a radical and targeted solution Governments should enter key-sectors and cover directly wages and maintenance costs for critical businesses facing shutdown In this context of Government s direct involvement in global business, it is very useful to remember the lesson from the genesis of Japans motorcycle global leaders: Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki and Yamaha | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Polyphony of Russian Church: State Factor, Public Demand, and Challenge of Pandemic | The widespread idea about the Russian Orthodox Church as an institution incapable of development needs to be substantially modified The conservatism inherent in the Church should not be confused with reactionism, which is not its immanent attribute Moreover, it is possible to talk about the internal polyphony of the Church, which incorporates a fairly wide range of views Historically, the Russian Orthodox Church has been distinguished by an extremely high degree of adaptability, the ability to integrate different traditions even in such conservative areas as worship, but in the Soviet years it was "encapsulated" and largely turned into a hermetic structure with the focus on preserving tradition The current situation in the Russian Orthodox community is characterized by a huge gap between the number of "nominal" and "practising" believers At the same time, the low and diffuse mass religiosity is compensated and, so to say, replaced by the increased activity of the practising minority and priests But the active minority in the Russian Orthodox Church is heterogeneous and is split into several groups, the most important of which are conservatives and pragmatists The internal polyphony of the Russian Orthodox Church was clearly visible during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic The situation touched upon the church-state relations, as well as the question of the role of confessions in modern society, rather than boiling down to the usual confrontation between liberals and conservatives The pandemic not only exacerbated the contradictions between pragmatists and conservatives, but also led to the serious disagreements between the state and the Church that looked up to its influential conservatives in the decision-making process However, since the Church as an institution is not ready to oppose state power, the prevailing model of relations between them is likely to remain, although it may become less idyllic | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
The fecal virome of red-crowned cranes | The red-crowned crane is one of the rarest crane species, and its population is decreasing due to loss of habitat, poisoning, and infections. Using a viral metagenomics approach, we analyzed the virome of feces from wild and captive red-crowned cranes, which were pooled separately. Vertebrate viruses belonging to the families Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Caliciviridae were detected. Among the members of the family Picornaviridae, we found three that appear to represent new genera. Six nearly complete genomes from members of the family Parvoviridae were also obtained, including four new members of the proposed genus “Chapparvovirus”, and two members of the genus Aveparvovirus. Six small circular DNA genomes were also characterized. One nearly complete genome showing a low level of sequence identity to caliciviruses was also characterized. Numerous viruses believed to infect insects, plants, and crustaceans were also identified, which were probably derived from the diet of red-crowned cranes. This study increases our understanding of the enteric virome of red-crowned cranes and provides a baseline for comparison to those of other birds or following disease outbreaks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00705-018-4037-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Ushering in the Silver Age of Telehealth: Addressing Telehealth Disparities for Older Adults With Disabilities | One silver lining of COVID-19 has been the ushering in of ‘the golden age of telehealth’. However, this unplanned rapid conversion to telehealth left many providers and clinics unprepared to address systemic barriers that adversely affect older adults, particularly those with disabilities. Data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse suggest that the rapid adoption of telehealth in mental health clinics during COVID-19 widened telehealth utilization disparities for older Veterans (65+) with disabilities. With 4.5 million Veterans 55+ who have at least one disability more attention to addressing this widening gap is needed. For those with hearing, vision, and complex mobility impairments, there are unique challenges to initiating telehealth services. Dr. Touchett will present preliminary findings while discussing ethical and contextual considerations when using telehealth with older Veterans who have disabilities, while discussing ways to facilitate robust clinical encounters for this population. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Usability Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Voice Assistants: The Case of Amazon Alexa | Currently, the use of voice-assistants has been on the rise, but a user-centric usability evaluation of these devices is a must for ensuring their success. System Usability Scale (SUS) is one such popular usability instrument in a Graphical User Interface (GUI) scenario. However, there are certain fundamental differences between GUI and voice-based systems, which makes it uncertain regarding the suitability of SUS in a voice scenario. The present work has a twofold objective: to check the suitability of SUS for usability evaluation of voice-assistants and developing a subjective scale in line with SUS that considers the unique aspects of voice-based communication. We call this scale as the Voice Usability Scale (VUS). For fulfilling the objectives, a subjective test is conducted with 62 participants. An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggests that SUS has a number of drawbacks for measuring the voice usability. Moreover, in case of VUS, the most optimal factor structure identifies three main components: usability, affective, and recognizability and visibility. The current findings should provide an initial starting point to form a useful theoretical and practical basis for subjective usability assessment of voice-based systems. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Th1 Skewed immune response of Whole Virion Inactivated SARS CoV 2 Vaccine and its safety evaluation | We report the development and evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a whole virion inactivated (WVI) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152), adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide gel (Algel), or TLR7/8 agonist chemisorbed Algel. We used a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 strain and an established Vero cell platform to produce large-scale GMP grade highly purified inactivated antigen. Product development and manufacturing process were carried out in a BSL-3 facility. Immunogenicity and safety was determined at two antigen concentrations (3µg and 6µg), with two different adjuvants, in mice, rats and rabbits. Our results show that BBV152 vaccine formulations generated significantly high antigen-binding and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb), at both concentrations, in all three species with excellent safety profiles. The inactivated vaccine formulation containing TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant-induced Th1 biased antibody responses with elevated IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and increased levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IFN-γ+ CD4+ T lymphocyte response. Our results support further development for Phase I/II clinical trials in humans. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
The Relation of Career Adaptability to Values Realization Degree and Organizational Citizenship Behavior | The sudden outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19 inevitably has a great impact on economic and social development. Therefore, the innovation-driven value becomes more and more prominent. Through literature review, it is not difficult to find that values have gradually become an important reference standard for organizations to select talents for their teams, as well as an important reference factor for studying organizational citizenship behavior. In order to explore the relationship between values realization degree and organizational citizenship behavior, this investigation based on the social interaction theory was conducting using a sample of enterprise staff (N=358). In this paper, LISRELV9.2 and SPSS21.0 were used to analyze the sample data, including descriptive statistical analysis, common variance deviation test, reliability and validity test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and validation of mediating effects. The results showed that values realization degree positively predicted organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction played an intermediary role in the relationship between values realization degree and organizational citizenship behavior. Besides, there were some differences between the relation that work values realization degree and organizational citizenship behavior acted on organizational citizenship behavior. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
COVID-19 Mobile Health Apps: An Overview of Mobile Applications in Indonesia | BACKGROUND: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) have been widely used for various purposes for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic, such as self-assessment, contact tracing, disseminating information, minimizing exposure, and reducing face-to-face health consultation. The objective of this study is to systematically review COVID-19 related mHealth apps and highlight gaps to inform the development of future mHealth initiatives in Indonesia. METHODS: A systematic search strategy using a PRISMA flowchart was used to identify mHealth apps available in Google Play and Apple Play stores. We searched mHealth apps using certain specific terms related to COVID-19 outbreaks. The inclusion criteria were apps-based smartphone users related to COVID-19 using local language, free of cost, available in the Google Play and Apple Play Stores, and supported by the Indonesian government. We excluded games, apps on infectious diseases unrelated to COVID-19 specifically, and apps with non-Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language). The selected mHealth apps were assessed based on two measures: (1) the WHO guidelines on digital health intervention and (2) the four dimensions of the mHealth technology fit framework. In addition, user feedback from experienced and non-experienced users was conducted to evaluate four dimensions of the apps. RESULTS: A total of 339 mHealth apps were generated from the initial search, remaining seven selected apps that met inclusion criteria. The results highlighted that mHealth apps reviewed had still not been widely used by the general public. The applications were purposed to disseminate information, conduct a self-risk assessment, provide an online community forum, and telemedicine or teleconsultation regarding COVID-19. Data services, including data storage, aggregation, and data exchange, are available in most apps. The rarest function found was contact tracing and assisting health management and health workers, such as the availability of testing facilities, reporting test results, and prescribing medication. The main issues reported were the lack of data security and data privacy protection, integration and infrastructures, usability, and usefulness. CONCLUSION: Our study highlighted the necessity to improve mHealth apps' functions related to assisting health workers and the function of digital contact tracing. An effort to increase public awareness regarding the use of mHealth is also necessary to streamline the function of this innovation. Policymakers must consider usefulness, usability, integration, and infrastructure issues to improve their mHealth function. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnant women | Background: Risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy remain poorly understood. Identifying and understanding populations at a heightened risk of acquisition is essential to more effectively target outreach and prevention efforts. Objective: This study aimed to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and, among those with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, to compare characteristics of those who reported coronavirus disease symptoms and those who were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Study Design: This retrospective cohort study includes pregnant women who delivered or intended to deliver at Northwestern Memorial Hospital after initiation of a universal testing protocol on admission (April 8, 2020-May 31, 2020). Women were dichotomized by whether they had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Among women with a positive test result, women were further dichotomized by whether they reported symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. Bivariable analysis and parametric tests of trend were used for analyses. Logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders and to examine effect modification between race and ethnicity and any other identified risk factors. Results: During the study period, 1418 women met inclusion criteria, of whom 101 (7.1%) had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Of the 101 women who had a positive test result, 77 (76.2%) were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Compared with women who had a negative test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, those with a positive test result were younger and were more likely to have public insurance, to identify as black or African American or Latina, to be unmarried, to be obese, to have preexisting pulmonary disease, and to have living children. An increasing number of living children was associated with an increasing risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and this finding persisted after controlling for potential confounders. There was no effect modification between race or ethnicity and having living children with regard to the risk of infection. There were no significant differences identified between women who were symptomatic and asymptomatic. Conclusion: Many risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy are similar to the social and structural determinants of health that have been reported in the general population. The observed association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and having children raises the possibility of children themselves being vectors of viral spread or behavior patterns of parents being mediators of acquisition. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Turning Around a Medical Education Conference: Ottawa2020 in the time of Covid-19. | This should help the reader understand the issue in a manner that makes the extent of the problem clear and offers enough context to enable him/her to make a judgment about the applicability of the concerns to their own setting. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Exercising in Fitness Centres among Adults with and without Physical Disabilities: A Scoping Review. | Fitness centres are an obvious arena for performing physical activity for the general population but representation of adults with physical disabilities (AwPD) is lacking. To increase possibilities for AwPD to exercise in fitness centres together with adults without physical disabilities (AwoPD), the aim of this study was to identify, synthesise, and compare barriers to, and facilitators of, exercising in fitness centres for each group. A scoping review was conducted and data extraction of the barriers and facilitators was performed independently by two researchers on six categories of contextual factors based on the framework of Di Blasi: (1) The fitness centre setting; (2) The fitness centre user characteristics; (3) The fitness instructor/staff characteristics; (4) The fitness centre user-instructor/management relationship; and (5) The fitness/exercise characteristics. An extra category, (6) Other relationships, was added. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was used for reporting. Of the 102 included papers, only 26 (25%) of the papers were on AwPD, which focused mainly on physical barriers (category 1: inaccessible settings). In contrast, the remaining 76 papers involving AwoPD focused primarily on facilitators (category 2: motivational factors and exercising effects). In categories 3-6, the two groups had similar results, as both groups preferred skilled instructors, a welcoming and comfortable fitness centre environment, an ability to exercise at their preferred type and level, and good social connections. Since most data were based on AwoPD, more studies on actual experiences from AwPD are needed, to reveal the facilitators/motivational factors for fitness centre use. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
How Much of China and World GDP has the Coronavirus Reduced? | Using a network approach, we estimate the output loss due to the lockdown of the Hubei province triggered by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Based on our mo | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Emergence of the Online-Merge-Offline (OMO) Learning Wave in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Pilot Study | The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the need for new innovative methods to effectively maintain education in times of crisis and uncertainty This study first presents the Online-Merge-Offline (OMO) learning approach, a way of learning that caters to the new needs of students and teachers in the post-COVID-19 era OMO learning utilizes a hybrid infrastructure that combines Open Educational Practices and real-time learning spaces, both online and offline This study then discusses the early results of a pilot experiment investigating OMO learning in China for three months from three dimensions: space design requirements, technological considerations, and pedagogical considerations A qualitative, two-stage study focused on content analysis and a multiple-case study were carried out in the context of courses about English language learning with 30 teachers and students The obtained findings showed that, although both teachers and students had a positive attitude towards OMO learning, they mentioned that a comprehensive set of core and functional competencies are needed—including the use of online platforms, communication skills, class management, and the effective use of resources Additionally, the findings showed that more effort should be paid to classroom design, such as infrastructure, to efficiently support OMO learning This study exemplifies a new approach toward the future of education to ensure sustainable education in this complex and uncertain world | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Death of Utopia | The outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis has exposed the limits of the dominant ideologies Western liberals champion global solutions to unlock ever-more individual liberty, whereas communities want greater state protection and social solidarity National populists or authoritarians from the United States to Brazil, Eastern Europe, India, and China offer simplistic slogans and blame foreign forces, whereas countries need real leadership and international cooperation to be more resilient We face a conflict between liberal calls for greater global technocracy and an authoritarian retreat to national isolation Both worldviews are ugly Utopias with dystopian consequences They rest on the Utopian promise of biosurveil-lance, disruptive technology, and capitalism to restore prosperity coupled with public health In reality, the emerging economic models are based on the Darwinist power of the strong over the weak the oligarchy of U S tech platforms and of Chinese state corporations raises questions about citizenship and what makes us human A revived social Darwinism erodes the dignity of the person and fundamental freedoms linked to mutual obligations upon which a healthy democracy depends | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19 in cardiorenal diseases | The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought into focus the key role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as a cell surface receptor required for the virus to enter cells. SARS-CoV-2 can decrease cell surface ACE2 directly by internalization of ACE2 bound to the virus and indirectly by increased ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17)-mediated shedding of ACE2. ACE2 is widely expressed in the heart, lungs, vasculature, kidney and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where it counteracts the deleterious effects of angiotensin II (AngII) by catalyzing the conversion of AngII into the vasodilator peptide angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). The down-regulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 can be detrimental to the cardiovascular system and kidneys. Further, decreased ACE2 can cause gut dysbiosis, inflammation and potentially worsen the systemic inflammatory response and coagulopathy associated with SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to elucidate the crucial role of ACE2 both as a regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as the implications for Coronavirus disease 19 and its associated cardiovascular and renal complications. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Combining Wearable Devices and Mobile Surveys to Study Child and Youth Development in Malawi: Implementation Study of a Multimodal Approach | BACKGROUND: Multimodal approaches have been shown to be a promising way to collect data on child development at high frequency, combining different data inputs (from phone surveys to signals from noninvasive biomarkers) to understand children’s health and development outcomes more integrally from multiple perspectives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to describe an implementation study using a multimodal approach combining noninvasive biomarkers, social contact patterns, mobile surveying, and face-to-face interviews in order to validate technologies that help us better understand child development in poor countries at a high frequency. METHODS: We carried out a mixed study based on a transversal descriptive analysis and a longitudinal prospective analysis in Malawi. In each village, children were sampled to participate in weekly sessions in which data signals were collected through wearable devices (electrocardiography [ECG] hand pads and electroencephalography [EEG] headbands). Additionally, wearable proximity sensors to elicit the social network were deployed among children and their caregivers. Mobile surveys using interactive voice response calls were also used as an additional layer of data collection. An end-line face-to-face survey was conducted at the end of the study. RESULTS: During the implementation, 82 EEG/ECG data entry points were collected across four villages. The sampled children for EEG/ECG were 0 to 5 years old. EEG/ECG data were collected once a week. In every session, children wore the EEG headband for 5 minutes and the ECG hand pad for 3 minutes. In total, 3531 calls were sent over 5 weeks, with 2291 participants picking up the calls and 984 of those answering the consent question. In total, 585 people completed the surveys over the course of 5 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study achieved its objective of demonstrating the feasibility of generating data through the unprecedented use of a multimodal approach for tracking child development in Malawi, which is one of the poorest countries in the world. Above and beyond its multiple dimensions, the dynamics of child development are complex. It is the case not only that no data stream in isolation can accurately characterize it, but also that even if combined, infrequent data might miss critical inflection points and interactions between different conditions and behaviors. In turn, combining different modes at a sufficiently high frequency allows researchers to make progress by considering contact patterns, reported symptoms and behaviors, and critical biomarkers all at once. This application showcases that even in developing countries facing multiple constraints, complementary technologies can leverage and accelerate the digitalization of health, bringing benefits to populations that lack new tools for understanding child well-being and development. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Wearable sensor derived decompensation index for continuous remote monitoring of COVID-19 diagnosed patients | The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of innovative healthcare methods, including remote patient monitoring. In the setting of limited healthcare resources, outpatient management of individuals newly diagnosed with COVID-19 was commonly implemented, some taking advantage of various personal health technologies, but only rarely using a multi-parameter chest-patch for continuous monitoring. Here we describe the development and validation of a COVID-19 decompensation index (CDI) model based on chest patch-derived continuous sensor data to predict COVID-19 hospitalizations in outpatient-managed COVID-19 positive individuals, achieving an overall AUC of the ROC Curve of 0.84 on 308 event negative participants, and 22 event positive participants, out of an overall study cohort of 400 participants. We retrospectively compare the performance of CDI to standard of care modalities, finding that the machine learning model outperforms the standard of care modalities in terms of both numbers of events identified and with a lower false alarm rate. While only a pilot phase study, the CDI represents a promising application of machine learning within a continuous remote patient monitoring system. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Management of sars-cov-2 (Covid-19) infection with special focus on use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir | Editor’s comment-A The covid-19 pandemic is the greatest challenge for the current generation of physicians, scientists and health administrators B Strict use of PPE, face masks, isolation and quarantine are the most effective methods of prevention of this infection C The immunomodulator hydroxychloroquine is approved for prophylactic use in asymptomatic health care workers and household contacts It is also approved as compassionate use for treatment of active covid-19 cases in the USA D Lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir are used in some countries, but efficacy is doubtful E Treatment with convalescent plasma may be considered in emergency situations | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Large vessel ischemic stroke in a young woman with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 | INTRODUCTION: Recent studies suggest an association between SARS-CoV-2 and ischemic stroke The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in SARS-CoV-2 appears to be multifactorial and potentially related to hypercoagulability, hyperinflammation, and underlying conventional risk factors While ischemic stroke has largely been observed in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2, there have been few documented cases in asymptomatic patients METHODS: 37-year-old woman with no past medical history presented to the emergency department with confusion and impaired speech She had no SARS-CoV-2 symptoms prior to admission Her exam was remarkable for expressive aphasia with no other neurologic deficits and her National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 4 Computed tomography (CT) angiography brain showed occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 and M3 branches CT chest revealed moderate bilateral multifocal infiltrates and she tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction Labs showed normal PT/INR and aPTT, with elevated levels of D-dimer, ferritin, c-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered systemically She subsequently underwent neuro-intervention with left MCA thrombolysis with catheter directed tPA She was treated with dexamethasone for her SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with ceftriaxone and azithromycin for superimposed bacterial pneumonia Transthoracic echocardiogram showed no valvular vegetation or intracardiac thrombus Hypercoagulable workup revealed low homocysteine levels, with normal factor 5 Leiden, protein C, phospholipids, and cardiolipin antibody At time of discharge, patient had no evident aphasia RESULTS: This case depicts a young woman with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection who sustained a large vessel ischemic stroke without other identifiable risk factors Further studies are warranted to investigate the hypercoagulable state associated with SARS-CoV-2 Although young asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients are typically managed at home, these patients could be at risk of developing ischemic stroke Clinicians should consider risk stratifying SARS-CoV-2 patients for ischemic stroke, as early therapeutic anticoagulation has a potential role in reducing the risk of thromboembolism | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Highly efficient photothermal conversion capric acid phase change microcapsule: Silicon carbide modified melamine urea formaldehyde. | The microcapsule containing phase change materials(microPCMs) with high efficiency of photothermal conversion was prepared by in-situ polymerization via ultrasonic dispersion which used capric acid(CA) as core material and nano silicon carbide(nano-SiC) modified melamine-urea-formaldehyde(MUF) resin as wall material. The nano-SiC has good cross-linking with MUF shell. When the nano-SiC was added in microPCMs, it behaves superior thermal conductivity and thermal storage properties. When the content of nano-SiC arrives 6 wt%, the performance of the microPCMs whose encapsulation efficiency is 65.7% is the best, and thermal conductivity increase by 59.2%. Due to the proper amount of nano-SiC added into the MUF shell, it can effectively fill the tiny holes on the MUF shell. Therefore, the microPCMs with appropriate nano-SiC have better leakage prevention. It is worth noting that MicroPCMs-6% and MicroPCMs-8% show excellent photothermal conversion property, and the photothermal conversion rate is 74.4% and 71.1% respectively in the photothermal conversion experiment. Because nano-SiC can effectively capture and absorb photons under light irradiation and convert light into heat through internal molecular vibration, the microPCMs with appropriate nano-SiC behaves well in photothermal conversion. In other words, microPCMs have potential in solar energy utilization and thermal energy storage. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Maternal cytokine response after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy | Objective Dysregulation of the immune system during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent studies report cytokine changes during the acute phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We examine whether there is a lasting association between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and peripheral blood cytokine levels. Study design We conducted a case-control study at the Mount Sinai health system in NYC including 100 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive people matched to 100 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative people on age, race/ethnicity, parity, and insurance status. Blood samples were collected at a median gestational age of 34 weeks. Levels of 14 cytokines were measured. Results Individual cytokine levels and cytokine cluster Eigenvalues did not differ significantly between groups, indicating no persisting maternal cytokine changes after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the acute inflammatory response after SARS-CoV-2 infection may be restored to normal values during pregnancy. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Advanced practice providers in the infectious disease workforce: A Nationwide utilization survey | Background Shortages of infectious disease (ID) physicians is an identified workforce problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this care gap, leaving many communities without access to an ID physician. More advanced practice providers (APPs), nurse practitioners/physician assistants, work as healthcare extenders, yet are not well described in ID. Purpose Evaluate collaboration between ID physicians and APPs, and potential barriers to utilization of APPs. Methods Anonymous and voluntary surveys;one for physicians, another for APPs. We collected experience, practice setting, familiarity regarding APPs in ID, use of APPs, and perceived barriers/concerns for utilization of APPs. Discussion Nationwide, 218 ID physicians and 93 APPs in ID responded. 71% (155) of ID physicians use APPs. Of APPs, 53% (49) had > 5 years ID experience. Responses highlighted opportunities for dedicated ID education, collaboration, and clarification of practice scope. Conclusion APPs are an experienced group who provide ID care, working alongside physicians to meet ID workforce needs. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Qualitative analysis of gynecologic oncology patients’ experience with treatment holidays | OBJECTIVE: Patients with advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancies occasionally take breaks from systemic treatment colloquially referred to as “treatment holidays” or “chemotherapy holidays.” There are no data from the patient perspective that help describe this experience. METHODS: Patients with recurrent or advanced primary gynecologic malignancies who had decided to enter a treatment holiday were recruited and interviewed. A treatment holiday was defined as a planned temporary break or delay in treatment for a patient with recurrent or advanced primary gynecologic malignancy for reasons other than pursuit of hospice or best supportive care, research protocol violation or unacceptable toxicity. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and then analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Of 6 total patients identified for participation, 5 completed interviews with ages ranging from 57 to 80 years. Two participants returned to their previous treatment regimen after their holiday therapy, two switched therapies, and one remained on an extended break from systemic treatment. Treatment holidays were experienced as a break from the physical and psychological routine of being a cancer patient, but also brought about feelings of a lack of structure, uncertainty, and led to a confrontation with mortality issues. Overall, participants had favorable experiences which were initiated by their providers in whom they had a deep sense of trust. CONCLUSION: Patients experience treatment holidays as a positive and valuable break from the physical and psychosocial routine of cancer treatment and illness. These experiences produce distinct emotional needs that clinicians should address to best support patients electing treatment holidays. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Dysregulation of the Leukocyte Signaling Landscape during Acute COVID-19 | The global COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of more than 450,000 US citizens Dysregulation of the immune system underlies the pathogenesis of COVID-19, with inflammation mediated local tissue injury to the lung in the setting of suppressed systemic immune function To define the molecular mechanisms of immune dysfunction in COVID-19 we utilized a systems immunology approach centered on the circulating leukocyte phosphoproteome measured by mass cytometry COVID-19 is associated with wholesale activation of a broad set of signaling pathways across myeloid and lymphoid cell populations STAT3 phosphorylation predominated in both monocytes and T cells and was tightly correlated with circulating IL-6 levels High levels of STAT3 phosphorylation was associated with decreased markers of myeloid cell maturation/activation and decreased ex-vivo T cell IFN-gamma production, demonstrating that during COVID-19 dysregulated cellular activation is associated with suppression of immune effector cell function Collectively, these data reconcile the systemic inflammatory response and functional immunosuppression induced by COVID-19 and suggest STAT3 signaling may be the central pathophysiologic mechanism driving immune dysfunction in COVID-19 | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Vaccine nationalism: a predicament in ending the COVID-19 pandemic | In a recent correspondence, vaccine hesitancy and its pressing issue in possible delaying of being triumphant in the pandemic was discussed. This paper highlights vaccine nationalism as a predicament that would not just delay but worsen the present situation of the pandemic. This study suggests a global response among countries that people must see the world as a global village and as one community it must save collectively. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Development and validation of a clinical and genetic model for predicting risk of severe COVID-19 | Clinical and genetic risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often considered independently and without knowledge of the magnitudes of their effects on risk. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive participants from the UK Biobank, we developed and validated a clinical and genetic model to predict risk of severe COVID-19. We used multivariable logistic regression on a 70% training dataset and used the remaining 30% for validation. We also validated a previously published prototype model. In the validation dataset, our new model was associated with severe COVID-19 (odds ratio per quintile of risk = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–1.90) and had acceptable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.732, 95% CI 0.708–0.756). We assessed calibration using logistic regression of the log odds of the risk score, and the new model showed no evidence of over- or under-estimation of risk (α = −0.08; 95% CI −0.21−0.05) and no evidence or over-or under-dispersion of risk (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.80–1.00). Accurate prediction of individual risk is possible and will be important in regions where vaccines are not widely available or where people refuse or are disqualified from vaccination, especially given uncertainty about the extent of infection transmission among vaccinated people and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
AGA Institute Rapid Review of the Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 | BACKGROUND & AIMS: Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver enzyme abnormalities, have been variably reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This document provides best practice statements and recommendations for consultative management based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished studies using OVID Medline and preprint servers (medRxiv, LitCovid, and SSRN) up until April 5, 2020; major journal sites were monitored for US publications until April 19, 2020. We pooled the prevalence of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver function tests abnormalities, using a fixed-effect model and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework. RESULTS: We identified 118 studies and used a hierarchal study selection process to identify unique cohorts. We performed a meta-analysis of 47 studies including 10,890 unique patients. Pooled prevalence estimates of GI symptoms were as follows: diarrhea 7.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2%-8.2%), nausea/vomiting 7.8% (95% CI, 7.1%-8.5%), and abdominal pain 2.7% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.4%). Most studies reported on hospitalized patients. The pooled prevalence estimates of elevated liver abnormalities were as follows: aspartate transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%-16.5%) and alanine transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%-16.4%). When we compared studies from China to studies from other countries in subgroup analyses, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and liver abnormalities were more prevalent outside of China, with diarrhea reported in 18.3% (95% CI, 16.6%-20.1%). Isolated GI symptoms were reported rarely. We also summarized the Gl and liver adverse effects of the most commonly utilized medications for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: GI symptoms are associated with COVID-19 in <10% of patients. In studies outside of China, estimates are higher. Further studies are needed with standardized GI symptoms questionnaires and liver function test checks on admission to better quantify and qualify the association of these symptoms with COVID-19. Based on findings from our meta-analysis, we provide several Best Practice Statements for the consultative management of COVID-19. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
COVID-19 and "natural" experiments arising from physical distancing: a hypothetical case study from chronobiology. | With countless "natural" experiments triggered by the COVID-19-associated physical distancing, one key question comes from chronobiology: "When confined to homes, how does the reduced exposure to natural daylight arising from the interruption of usual outdoor activities plus lost temporal organization ordinarily provided from workplaces and schools affect the circadian timing system (the internal 24 h clock) and, consequently, health of children and adults of all ages?" Herein, we discuss some ethical and scientific facets of exploring such natural experiments by offering a hypothetical case study of circadian biology. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
History of the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging | The Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASCI) was established in 2006 to improve the healthcare, education, training, quality control, and research in cardiovascular imaging in Asia. The ASCI is presently active, with more than 1400 members from 53 countries. Herein, the evolution and current development of the ASCI are described, including the early history, organization, annual congresses, collaboration with international sister societies, official journal, and the ASCI School. The ASCI has successfully led the development of cardiovascular imaging in Asia and will continue to grow. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria | Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the protection from subsequent infections and disease conferred by a previous infection, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the coronaviruses, a group of viruses the members of which are known for their ability to reinfect convalescent individuals. Bulgaria, with high rates of previous infections combined with low vaccination rates and an elderly population, presents a somewhat unique context to study this question. Methods: We use detailed governmental data on registered COVID-19 cases to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections in Bulgaria in the period between March 2020 and early December 2021. Results: For the period analyzed, a total of 4,106 cases of individuals infected more than once were observed, including 31 cases of three infections and one of four infections. The number of reinfections increased dramatically during the Delta variant-driven wave of the pandemic towards the end of 2021. We observe a moderate reduction of severe outcomes (hospitalization and death) in reinfections relative to primary infections, and a more substantial reduction of severe outcomes in breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. Conclusions: In the available datasets from Bulgaria, prior infection appears to provide some protection from severe outcomes, but to a lower degree than the reduction in severity of breakthrough infections in the vaccinated compared to primary infections in the unvaccinated. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 Outbreaks Associated with Child Care Facilities — Salt Lake City, Utah, April–July 2020 | What is already known about this topic? Children aged ≥10 years have been shown to transmit SARS-CoV-2 in school settings What is added by this report? Twelve children acquired COVID-19 in child care facilities Transmission was documented from these children to at least 12 (26%) of 46 nonfacility contacts (confirmed or probable cases) One parent was hospitalized Transmission was observed from two of three children with confirmed, asymptomatic COVID-19 What are the implications for public health practice? SARS-CoV-2 Infections among young children acquired in child care settings were transmitted to their household members Testing of contacts of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in child care settings, including children who might not have symptoms, could improve control of transmission from child care attendees to family members | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Three myeloproliferative neoplasms: An overview | A group of rare hematologic cancers, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) evolve when bone marrow dysfunction causes overproduction of one or more blood cell types. This article explores the diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of patients diagnosed with one of three classic MPNs: essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Yeast-Expressed SARS-CoV Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD219-N1) Formulated with Alum Induces Protective Immunity and Reduces Immune Enhancement | We developed a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) subunit recombinant protein vaccine candidate based on a highyielding, yeast- engineered, receptor-binding domain (RBD219-N1) of the SARS beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein. When formulated with Alhydrogel®, RBD219-N1 induced high-level neutralizing antibodies against both pseudotyped virus and a clinical (mouse-adapted) isolate of SARS-CoV. Here, we report that mice immunized with RBD219N1/Alhydrogel® were fully protected from lethal SARS-CoV challenge (0% mortality), compared to ~ 30% mortality in mice when immunized with the SARS S protein formulated with Alhydrogel®, and 100% mortality in negative controls. An RBD219-N1 formulation Alhydrogel® was also superior to the S protein, unadjuvanted RBD, and AddaVax (MF59-like adjuvant)-formulated RBD in inducing specific antibodies and preventing cellular infiltrates in the lungs upon SARS-CoV challenge. Specifically, a formulation with a 1:25 ratio of RBD219-N1 to Alhydrogel® provided high neutralizing antibody titers, 100% protection with non-detectable viral loads with minimal or no eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates. As a result, this vaccine formulation is under consideration for further development against SARS-CoV and other emerging and re-emerging beta-CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
COVID-19-Associated Histoplasmosis in an AIDS Patient | Most reports associating fungal infections with COVID-19 have been cases of invasive aspergillosis. Here, we report a case of severe histoplasmosis and COVID-19 infections in an HIV patient in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Histoplasmosis must be included as a diagnostic possibility in opportunistic fungal co-infections in COVID-19 patients with AIDS, mainly in endemic areas. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Multimodality management of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma in a 76‐year‐old Alaska Native female during the COVID‐19 pandemic | Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare, highly aggressive tumor of the anterior skull base composed of malignant epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural tissue. Examination of cases in patients in minority populations is important in order to better understand the behavior of this neoplasm and outcomes of treatment in our nation's diverse population. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective | BACKGROUND: In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic Germany missed to set up efficient containment measures. Consequently, the number of cases increased exponentially until a lockdown was implemented to suppress the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Fortunately, Germany has a high capability for coronavirus lab testing and more than 30,000 ICU beds. These capabilities and the lockdown turned out to be an advantage to combat the pandemic and to prevent a health-system overload. AIM: The aim was to predict the plateau day of SARS-CoV-2 infections or deaths. RESULTS: The effect on the viral spread of the German measures taken and the impact on the peak of new infection cases is shown. By normalizing daily case numbers, the plateau day of the current outbreak in Germany could be calculated to be reached at April 12, 2020 (day 103 of 2020). CONCLUSION: Normalized case number curves are helpful to predict the time point at which no further new infections will occur if the epidemic situation remains stable. Upon reaching the plateau day during a lockdown phase, a residual time-period of about 2-3 weeks can be utilized to prepare a safe unlocking period. As can be learned from Asian countries such as South Korea and Taiwan there must be strict rules to keep the risk of infection low. Those include social distancing, face mask wearing in combination with digital contact tracing and serosurveillance studies. Following those rules, a safe dance around the infection curve allows to keep the population at a reduced infection rate. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic | The COVID-19 pandemic presents many unique challenges when caring for patients with pulmonary hypertension. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered routine standard of care practice and the acute management particularly for those patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, where pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatments are used. It is important to balance the ongoing care and evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with “exposure risk” to COVID-19 for patients coming to clinic or the hospital. If there is a morbidity and mortality benefit from starting pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, for example in a patient with high-likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension, then it remains important to complete the thorough evaluation. However, the COVID-19 outbreak may also represent a unique time when pulmonary hypertension experts have to weigh the risks and benefits of the diagnostic work-up including potential exposure to COVID-19 versus initiating targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy in a select high-risk, high likelihood World Symposium Pulmonary Hypertension Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. This document will highlight some of the issues facing providers, patients, and the pulmonary arterial hypertension community in real-time as the COVID-19 pandemic is evolving and is intended to share expected common clinical scenarios and best clinical practices to help the community at-large. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Descriptive Comparative Analysis of Patients With Cancer Referring to the Emergency Department of an Italian University Hospital Across the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Waves | PURPOSE: COVID-19 cancer patients (C19-CP) represent a population at high risk for mortality, whose clinical characteristics are still unknown in the second SARS-CoV-2 wave. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare epidemiology and clinical presentation of C19-CP referring to the emergency department (ED) of our institution (San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy), in a 3-week observation period of the first and second COVID-19 waves, starting from the introduction of the corresponding national lockdowns. METHODS: We retrieved ED admissions from March 9 to 29, 2020, for the first wave, and from October 24 to November 13, 2020, for the second wave. We collected clinical characteristics of consecutive patients with molecularly confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also considered untested or SARS-CoV-2-negative cancer patients referring to the ED in the reference time frames. RESULTS: C19-CP in the second wave exceeded those in the first wave despite the nonsignificant difference (39 of 576 v 8 of 163; P = .5). Compared with nononcological patients, C19-CP were older (median age 70 years [interquartile range 61-77] v 60 years [interquartile range 45-73]; P = .02) and presented more often with ≥ 2 comorbidities (40.4% v 24.3%; P = .02). Compared with nononcological patients, in C19-CP, respiratory failure (29 of 47 v 321 of 692; P = .049) and hospitalization (37 of 47 v 363 of 692; P = .0004) were higher, with comparable frequencies across the waves. Five of 24 and 10 of 27 hospitalized cancer patients in the first and second waves developed SARS-CoV-2 infection during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: C19-CP were a vulnerable population, irrespective of the COVID-19 waves. This highlights the need to prioritize vaccinations in oncological patients to safeguard and guarantee optimal anticancer care. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Forecasting the outcome and estimating the epidemic model parameters from the fatality time series in COVID-19 outbreaks | In the absence of other tools, monitoring the effects of protective measures, including social distancing and forecasting the outcome of outbreaks is of immense interest. Real-time data is noisy and very often hampered by systematic errors in reporting. Detailed epidemic models may contain a large number of empirical parameters, which cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy. In this paper, we show that the cumulative number of deaths can be regarded as a master variable, and the parameters of the epidemic such as the basic reproduction number, the size of the susceptible population, and the infection rate can be determined. In the SIR model, we derive an explicit single variable differential equation for the evolution of the cumulative number of fatalities. We show that the epidemic in Spain, Italy, and Hubei Province, China follows this master equation closely. We discuss the relationship with the logistic growth model, and we show that it is a good approximation when the basic reproduction number is less than $2.3$. This condition is valid for the outbreak in Hubei, but not for the outbreaks in Spain, Italy, and New York. The difference is in the shorter infectious period in China, probably due to the separation policy of the infected. For more complex models, with more internal variables, such as the SEIR model, the equations derived from the SIR model remain valid approximately, due to the separation of timescales. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Global Public Health Security | National public health institutes will play a key role in implementation of the revised International Health Regulations. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Covid-19 and oral diseases: Crosstalk, synergy or association? | The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that clinically affects multiple organs of the human body. Cells in the oral cavity express viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 that allows viral replication and may cause tissue inflammation and destruction. Recent studies have reported that Covid-19 patients present oral manifestations with multiple clinical aspects. In this review, we aim to summarise main signs and symptoms of Covid-19 in the oral cavity, its possible association with oral diseases, and the plausible underlying mechanisms of hyperinflammation reflecting crosstalk between Covid-19 and oral diseases. Ulcers, blisters, necrotising gingivitis, opportunistic coinfections, salivary gland alterations, white and erythematous plaques and gustatory dysfunction were the most reported clinical oral manifestations in patients with Covid-19. In general, the lesions appear concomitant with the loss of smell and taste. Multiple reports show evidences of necrotic/ulcerative gingiva, oral blisters and hypergrowth of opportunistic oral pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits tropism for endothelial cells and Covid-19-mediated endotheliitis can not only promote inflammation in oral tissues but can also facilitate virus spread. In addition, elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators in patients with Covid-19 and oral infectious disease can impair tissue homeostasis and cause delayed disease resolution. This suggests potential crosstalk of immune-mediated pathways underlying pathogenesis. Interestingly, few reports suggest recurrent herpetic lesions and higher bacterial growth in Covid-19 subjects, indicating SARS-CoV-2 and oral virus/bacteria interaction. Larger cohort studies comparing SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive subjects will reveal oral manifestation of the virus on oral health and its role in exacerbating oral infection. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Comparison of the McGrath videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope for double lumen endobronchial tube intubation in patients with manual in-line stabilization: A randomized controlled trial. | BACKGROUND Double lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) intubation is commonly used for one-lung ventilation in thoracic surgery. However, because of its large size and shape, it is difficult to perform intubation compared with a single lumen tube. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether the McGrath videolaryngoscope has any advantage over the direct Macintosh laryngoscope for DLT intubation in patients with a simulated difficult airway. METHODS Forty-four patients (19-60 years of age); scheduled to undergo general anesthesia with one-lung ventilation were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: DLT intubation with the McGrath videolaryngoscope (ML group [n = 22]); or conventional Macintosh laryngoscope (DL group [n = 22]). After manual in-line stabilization was applied as a way of simulating a difficult airway, the time required for intubation and the quality of glottic view were evaluated. RESULTS The time to successful intubation was not different between the 2 groups (ML group, 45 s [interquartile range, 38-52 s] versus DL group, 54 s [45-59 s]; P = .089). The McGrath videolaryngoscope, however, provided a significantly better glottic view. Modified Cormack and Lehane grade was better (P < .001), and the percentage of glottis opening score was higher in the ML group (P < .001). Overall intubation difficulty scale score was lower in the ML group (1 [0-2]) versus the DL group (3 [2-4]) (P < .001). CONCLUSION The McGrath videolaryngoscope improved glottic view and resulted in lower overall intubation difficulty scale score in patients with in-line stabilization. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
CxSE: Chest X-ray Slow Encoding CNN forCOVID-19 Diagnosis | The coronavirus continues to disrupt our everyday lives as it spreads at an exponential rate. It needs to be detected quickly in order to quarantine positive patients so as to avoid further spread. This work proposes a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called 'slow Encoding CNN. The proposed model's best performance wrt Sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) found to be SP=0.67, PP=0.98, SN=0.96, and PN=0.52 on AI AGAINST COVID19 - Screening X-ray images for COVID-19 Infections competition's test data samples. SP and PP stand for the Sensitivity and PPV of the COVID-19 positive class, while PN and SN stand for the Sensitivity and PPV of the COVID-19 negative class. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Rapid Degradation of Host mRNAs by Stimulation of RNase E Activity by Srd of Bacteriophage T4. | Escherichia coli messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are rapidly degraded immediately after bacteriophage T4 infection, and the host RNase E contributes to this process. Here, we found that a previously uncharacterized factor of T4 phage, Srd ( S: imilarity with R: po D: ), was involved in T4-induced host mRNA degradation. The rapid decay of ompA and lpp mRNAs was partially alleviated and a decay intermediate of lpp mRNA rapidly accumulated in cells infected with T4 phage lacking srd. Exogenous expression of Srd in uninfected cells significantly accelerated the decay of these mRNAs. In addition, lpp(T) RNA, with a sequence identical to the decay intermediate of lpp mRNA and a triphosphate at 5'-end, was also destabilized by Srd. The destabilization of these RNAs by Srd was not observed in RNase E-defective cells. The initial cleavage of a primary transcript by RNase E can be either direct or dependent on the 5'-end of transcript. In the latter case, host RppH is required to convert the triphosphate at 5'-end to a monophosphate. lpp(T) RNA, but not lpp and ompA mRNAs, required RppH for Srd-stimulated degradation, indicating that Srd stimulates both 5'-end-dependent and -independent cleavage activities of RNase E. Furthermore, pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses strongly suggested that Srd physically associates with the N-terminal half of RNase E containing the catalytic moiety and the membrane target sequence. Finally, the growth of T4 phage was significantly decreased by the disruption of srd. These results strongly suggest that the stimulation of RNase E activity by T4 Srd is required for efficient phage growth. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Combating Domestic Violence during Covid-19: What Does the Chinese Experience Show Us? | Previous evidence demonstrates that a public health crisis triggers and intensifies domestic violence, especially against women. The pandemic of COVID-19 supported this observation, as the world witnessed an increase in domestic violence. China has witnessed a similar trend. While the Chinese government is applying a stringent model of virus control measures over COVID-19 when compared to certain other countries, many questions remain . How is this impacting the situation of domestic violence in China? What has China done to combat domestic violence during COVID-19? What can we learn from the Chinese experience? This article intends to answer these questions by reviewing reports and media coverage and conducting interviews with stakeholders. First, it examines causes of domestic violence during COVID-19. Second, it analyses the types and features of domestic violence during COVID-19. Third, the article intends to discover the current difficulties in combatting domestic violence. Fourth, it presents good practices for specific local areas. Last, it concludes with recommendations for tackling domestic violence during public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, by understanding the Chinese experience. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep quality of medical professionals in Brazil/ Impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na qualidade do sono dos médicos no Brasil | ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronavirus pandemic began in China in 2019 (COVID-19), causing not only public health problems but also great psychological distress, especially for physicians involved in coping with the virus or those of the risk group in social isolation, and this represents a challenge for the psychological resilience in the world population. Studies showed that health professionals had psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, stress, among others. Objectives: To investigate the quality of sleep and the prevalence rate of sleeping disorders among physicians during COVID-19 pandemic, and identify the psychological and social factors associated with the condition. Methods: A cross-sectional study of an online questionnaire was applied for physicians in Brazil. Among the 332 participants included, 227 were women. Sociodemographic assessment was used in the questionnaire, as well as the scale of impact on the events of modifications caused by COVID-19, assessment on sleep quality (PSQI), presence and severity of insomnia (ISI), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7). Results: Most physicians (65.6%) had changes in sleep. Poor sleep quality was reported by 73.1%, depressive symptoms were present in 75.8%, and anxiety in 73.4%. Conclusion: Our study found that more than 70% of the physicians assessed had impaired sleep quality, characterizing insomnia symptoms during COVID-19 outbreak. Related factors included an environment of isolation, concerns about COVID-19 outbreak and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Special interventions are needed to promote health professionals' mental well-being and implement changes in this scenario. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Physical Activity | The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating threat to human society in terms of health, economy, and lifestyle Although the virus usually first invades and infects the lung and respiratory track tissue, in extreme cases, almost all major organs in the body are now known to be negatively impacted often leading to severe systemic failure in some people Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for this disease Pre-existing pathological conditions or comorbidities such as age are a major reason for premature death and increased morbidity and mortality The immobilization due to hospitalization and bed rest and the physical inactivity due to sustained quarantine and social distancing can downregulate the ability of organs systems to resist to viral infection and increase the risk of damage to the immune, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal systems and the brain The cellular mechanisms and danger of this “second wave” effect of COVID-19 to the human body, along with the effects of aging, proper nutrition, and regular physical activity, are reviewed in this editorial article | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Lung sonographic findings in COVID-19 patients | OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the lung sonographic findings of COVID-19 patients prospectively and investigate its association with disease severity. METHODS: This study was conducted in an emergency department and included consecutively enrolled laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients. Lung sonography findings were described in all the included patients and analysed with respect to the clinical severity of the patients. RESULTS: 106 patients were included in the study. Common sonographic findings in COVID-19 patients were pleural line irregularity or shredding (70% of patients), followed by B - profile (59%), pleural line thickening (33%), occasional B - lines (26%), sub-pleural consolidations (35%), deep consolidations (6%), spared areas (13%), confluent B - lines or waterfall sign (14%) and pleural effusion (9%). These findings tended to be present more bilaterally and in lower lung zones. Sonographic characteristics like bilateral lung involvement, B - profile, spared areas and confluent B - lines or waterfall sign were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with clinical severity (more frequent with increasing disease severity). CONCLUSION: The lung sonographic findings of COVID-19 were found more bilaterally and in lower lung zones, and specific findings like B - profile, pleural thickening, spared areas and confluent B - lines or waterfall sign were associated with severe COVID-19. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody is higher in younger Austrian blood donors | PURPOSE: Frequently the infection with coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be asymptomatic or provoke only mild symptoms. These cases often remain unnoticed, so it is difficult to estimate the actual numbers of infections. Aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody in Austrian blood donors. METHODS: 20,228 blood donors aged between 18 and 72 years resident in four Austrian federal states were screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody between 5th of June and 4th of December 2020. To evaluate the impact of sex, age, AB0-blood group and donation period on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, multiple logistic regression was done. RESULTS: Our data reveal an anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 2.5% overall, significantly depending on the time point of blood donation: after the first Austrian lockdown the seroprevalence was lower compared to the following months, when the rate was constantly rising. While younger blood donors showed significantly higher seroprevalence, no differences were found concerning sex or AB0 blood group. CONCLUSION: Broad testing strategies are required to better determine the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Screening blood donors as a representative group for the adult population could be a valid tool to determine the number of recorded and unrecorded cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Computational Prediction of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA Methylation in SARS-CoV-2 Viral Transcripts | SARS-CoV-2 caused atypical pneumonia (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that seriously threat the global public health. Many people die from this disease with severe symptoms. The most prevalent m6A RNA modification may be involved in by assisting the virus escaping from the host cell immune system attack. We provided here the first computational prediction study of RNA methylation sites in SARS-CoV-2. Based on virus sequence information, we predict the potential virus m6A sites and hope to make anyhow contributions to this unprecedented situation. As a result, we found 27 most frequent m6A sequences (41 bp) in SARS-CoV-2, and two of them are quite near to the spike protein stop codon position. © 2021 ACM. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Identification of potent and safe antiviral therapeutic candidates against SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people with mortality exceeding 300,000. There is an urgent need to find therapeutic agents that can help clear the virus to prevent the severe disease and death. Identifying effective and safer drugs can provide with more options to treat the COVID-19 infections either alone or in combination. Here we performed a high throughput screen of approximately 1700 US FDA approved compounds to identify novel therapeutic agents that can effectively inhibit replication of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Our two-step screen first used a human coronavirus strain OC43 to identify compounds with anti-coronaviral activities. The effective compounds were then screened for their effectiveness in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. These screens have identified 24 anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs including previously reported compounds such as hydroxychloroquine, amlodipine, arbidol hydrochloride, tilorone 2HCl, dronedarone hydrochloride, and merfloquine hydrochloride. Five of the newly identified drugs had a safety index (cytotoxic/effective concentration) of >600, indicating wide therapeutic window compared to hydroxychloroquine which had safety index of 22 in similar experiments. Mechanistically, five of the effective compounds were found to block SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell fusion. These FDA approved compounds can provide much needed therapeutic options that we urgently need in the midst of the pandemic. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Institutional Preparedness to Prevent Future Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Like Outbreaks in Republic of Korea | A year has passed since the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in the Republic of Korea. This 2015 outbreak led to a better understanding of healthcare infection control. The first Korean patient infected by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was diagnosed on May 20, 2015, after he returned from Qatar and Bahrain. Thereafter, 186 Korean people were infected with the MERS-CoV in a short time through human-to-human transmission. All these cases were linked to healthcare settings, and 25 (13.5 %) infected patients were healthcare workers. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the MERS-CoV isolate found in the Korean patient was closely related to the Qatar strain, and did not harbor transmission efficiency-improving mutations. Nevertheless, with the same infecting virus strain, Korea experienced the largest MERS-CoV outbreak outside the Arabian Peninsula, primarily due to the different characteristics of population density and the healthcare system. We aimed to review the epidemiological features and existing knowledge on the Korean MERS outbreak, and suggest methods to prevent future epidemics. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
A content analysis of Canadian influencer crisis messages on Instagram and the public’s response during COVID-19 | Successful mitigation of emerging infectious disease requires that the public adopt recommended behaviours, which is directly influenced by effective crisis communication. Social media has become an important communication channel during COVID-19 where official actors, influencers, and the public are co-creating crisis messages. Our research examined COVID-19-related crisis messages across Canadian influencer accounts within news media, politicians, public health and government, science communicators, and brand influencer and celebrities, posted on Instagram between December 2019 and March 2021 for Health Belief Model and Extended Parallel Processing Model constructs and the corresponding public comment sentiment and engagement. Thirty-three influencer accounts resulted in a total of 2,642 Instagram posts collected, along with 461,436 comments, which showed overall low use of constructs in both captions and images. Further, most posts used no combinations (n = 0 or 1 construct per post) of constructs in captions and images and very infrequently used captions that combined threat (severity and susceptibility) with cues to action and efficacy. Brand influencers and celebrities, politicians, and science communicators had above average post engagement while public health and government and news media had lower. Finally, most influencers saw the largest proportion of neutral sentiment comments. Crisis messages must be designed to include combinations of constructs that increase message acceptance and influence risk perception and efficacy to increase the adoption of recommended and mandated behaviours. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Health Professionals Dynamic Role Amid COVID-19: Nursing Perspectives | A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a newly discovered virus in 2019 in Wuhan, China Globally around the world, healthcare professionals (HCP), including nurses, are the front line health workers (FHW), considered as a vital member of the team trying to save several people's lives Although leading health organizations and scientific papers consistently addressed the HCP challenging role concerning multidisciplinary approaches and support systems, along with evidence-based research implications for delivering the best possible quality care, this review resulted in four primary categories, such as challenges, domains, support systems (code of ethics), and evidence-based synthesis of health policy A step further, this article will detail the tremendous role of brave healthcare workers, including nurses and pharmacists who proved themselves as health warriors, along with the key issues about the nurses' perspectives on the impact of COVID-19, and to debunk the mixed messages what is being reported every day is a virtual drive for nurses focusing on the significant domains of nursing practices as a motivating factor amid COVID-19 | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Telehealth and 30-Day Readmissions Among Heart Failure Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic | This study examined whether outpatient follow-up within 14 days of discharge via telehealth visits are as effective as in-person visits for reducing 30-day readmission in heart failure (HF) patients. Using electronic health records from a large health system, we included HF patients (n=1,722) who were hospitalized during the period of March 15-July 15, 2020. Overall, 28.1% of patients received an early outpatient follow-up visit. Patients who received telehealth visits (n=119) were more likely to be older and live in areas with higher median household incomes than those with in-person visits (n=365). Thirty-day readmission rates were 20.5% during the COVID-19 period. Multivariate models showed that patients who received a telehealth (OR=0.36, 95%CI [0.23-0.56]) or an in-person (OR=0.42, 95%CI [0.31-0.57]) visit were less likely to be readmitted within 30 days compared with patients without an early outpatient follow-up. Telehealth visits were just as effective as in-person visits at reducing 30-day readmissions. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Sfaira accelerates data and model reuse in single cell genomics | Single-cell RNA-seq datasets are often first analyzed independently without harnessing model fits from previous studies, and are then contextualized with public data sets, requiring time-consuming data wrangling. We address these issues with sfaira, a single-cell data zoo for public data sets paired with a model zoo for executable pre-trained models. The data zoo is designed to facilitate contribution of data sets using ontologies for metadata. We propose an adaption of cross-entropy loss for cell type classification tailored to datasets annotated at different levels of coarseness. We demonstrate the utility of sfaira by training models across anatomic data partitions on 8 million cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-021-02452-6. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Establishing Classifiers With Clinical Laboratory Indicators to Distinguish COVID-19 From Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Retrospective Cohort Study | BACKGROUND: The initial symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are very much like those of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); it is difficult to distinguish COVID-19 from CAP with clinical symptoms and imaging examination. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to construct an effective model for the early identification of COVID-19 that would also distinguish it from CAP. METHODS: The clinical laboratory indicators (CLIs) of 61 COVID-19 patients and 60 CAP patients were analyzed retrospectively. Random combinations of various CLIs (ie, CLI combinations) were utilized to establish COVID-19 versus CAP classifiers with machine learning algorithms, including random forest classifier (RFC), logistic regression classifier, and gradient boosting classifier (GBC). The performance of the classifiers was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and recall rate in COVID-19 prediction using the test data set. RESULTS: The classifiers that were constructed with three algorithms from 43 CLI combinations showed high performance (recall rate >0.9 and AUROC >0.85) in COVID-19 prediction for the test data set. Among the high-performance classifiers, several CLIs showed a high usage rate; these included procalcitonin (PCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), uric acid, albumin, albumin to globulin ratio (AGR), neutrophil count, red blood cell (RBC) count, monocyte count, basophil count, and white blood cell (WBC) count. They also had high feature importance except for basophil count. The feature combination (FC) of PCT, AGR, uric acid, WBC count, neutrophil count, basophil count, RBC count, and MCHC was the representative one among the nine FCs used to construct the classifiers with an AUROC equal to 1.0 when using the RFC or GBC algorithms. Replacing any CLI in these FCs would lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the classifiers that were built with them. CONCLUSIONS: The classifiers constructed with only a few specific CLIs could efficiently distinguish COVID-19 from CAP, which could help clinicians perform early isolation and centralized management of COVID-19 patients. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Accumulated Clinical Experiences from Successful Treatment of 1377 Severe and Critically Ill COVID-19 Cases | In late December 2019, COVID-19 was firstly recognized in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly to all of the provinces of China. The West Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital, the designated hospital to admit and treat the severe and critically ill COVID-19 cases, has treated a large number of such patients with great success and obtained lots of valuable experiences based on the Chinese guideline (V7.0). To standardize and share the treatment procedures of severe and critically ill cases, Wuhan Union Hospital has established a working group and formulated an operational recommendation, including the monitoring, early warning indicators, and several treatment principles for severe and critically ill cases. The treatment experiences may provide some constructive suggestions for treating the severe and critically ill COVID-19 cases all over the world. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Aerosols and Bacteria From Hand Washing and Drying in Indoor Air | Effective hand drying is an important part of hand hygiene that can reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission through cross-contamination of surfaces by wet hands. However, hand drying methods may also cause aerosolisation of pathogenic microorganisms if they are present in washed hands. This study investigated experimentally the impact of washing hands and different hand drying methods on the concentration and size distribution of aerosols and bacteria in indoor air. In this experiment, aerosol and bacteria concentrations were measured in indoor air while volunteers rinsed their hands with water or washed with soap and water prior to drying them with paper towels or jet air dryers. Results showed that the concentration of aerosols and bacteria in air increased with people walking in the room and washing hands, with a further increase during the hand drying process. The concentration of aerosols decreased with particle size, with maximum concentrations after drying hands of 6.63 × 106 ± 6.49 × 105 and 2.28 × 104 ± 9.72 × 103 particles m−3 for sizes 0.3 to <0.5 and ≥5.0 μm, respectively. The concentration of bacteria in indoor air after drying hands increased to a maximum of 3.81 × 102 ± 1.48 × 102 CFU m−3 (jet air dryers) and 4.50 × 102 ± 4.35 × 101 CFU m−3 (paper towels). This study indicates that the increase of aerosols and bacteria in air after drying hands with jet air dryers or paper towels are comparable and not statistically different from concentrations associated with walking and washing hands in the same environment. This work can support the development of hand hygiene practices and guidelines for public washrooms. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
COVID-19 psychological impact in patients with depressive disorder: Differences based on their age | IntroductionCOVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have provoked a considerable psychological impact in Spain. Some studies have reported greater psychological impact in the younger population. To date, no previous study has focused on depressive disorder (DD) patients based on their age.ObjectivesTo describe the psychological impact on DD according to age.MethodsCross-sectional study of an online survey available from 19 to 26 March 2020. Out of a total of 21207 respondents, 608 (2.9%) reported suffering from DD (mean age ±SD = 41.2 years±14.07 [18-82], 80.6% women). The subsample (608) was divided according to age, “youngsters” <45 (57.4%)/ “elders” ≥45. DASS-21 and IES scales were employed. Statistical analyses: Chi-square, t-Student test.ResultsBoth groups did not differ (p>0.05) in sex, having COVID-19 symptoms, having family/friends infected, or income changes. While youngsters were single more frequently (68.8% vs 14.3%, χ² = 179.7, p<0.001), elders had somatic illness more frequently (64.8% vs 39.7% χ² =30.401, p<0.001). Youngsters obtained higher scores in depression (4.69 vs 4.1, T=5.413, p<0.001), anxiety (2.86 vs 1.97, T=5.249, p<0.001) and stress (4.48 vs 3.17, T=6.355, p<0.001) DASS-21 subscales, as in intrusive (3.42 vs 3.05, T=1.984, p=0.048) and avoidant (4.64 vs 4.11, T=3.056, p=0.002) IES scores.ConclusionsDespite the group of elders with depression being more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 disease and presenting more frequently somatic comorbidities, younger depressive patients suffered more from depressive, anxiety, stress and avoidant symptoms and intrusive thoughts, in line with previous reports in the general population.DisclosureNo significant relationships. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Dissecting the Contemporary Clerkship: Theory‐based Educational Trial of Videos Versus Lectures in Medical Student Education | BACKGROUND: Despite increasing use of the flipped classroom (FC) technique in undergraduate medical education, the benefit in learning outcomes over lectures is inconsistent. Best practices in preclass video design principles are rarely used, and it is unclear if videos can replace lectures in contemporary medical education. METHODS: We conducted a prospective quasi‐experimental controlled educational study comparing theory‐based videos to traditional lectures in a medical student curriculum. Medical students enrolled in an emergency medicine clerkship were randomly assigned to either a lecture group (LG) or a video group (VG). The slide content was identical, and the videos aligned with cognitive load theory‐based multimedia design principles. Students underwent baseline (pretest), week 1 (posttest), and end‐of‐rotation (retention) written knowledge tests and an observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessment. We compared scores between both groups and surveyed student attitudes and satisfaction with respect to the two learning methods. RESULTS: There were 104 students who participated in OSCE assessments (49 LG, 55 VG) and 101 students who participated in knowledge tests (48 LG, 53 VG). The difference in OSCE scores was statistically significant 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 0.23 to 2.35, t(102) = 2.43, p = 0.017), but the actual score difference was small from an educational standpoint (12.61 for LG, 11.32 for VG). All three knowledge test scores for both groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Videos based on cognitive load theory produced similar results and could replace traditional lectures for medical students. Educators contemplating a FC approach should devote their valuable classroom time to active learning methods. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
The Lipstick Effect During COVID-19 Lockdown. | Although consumer spending typically declines during times of crisis, some observers have noted the tendency of consumers to spend more on less costly luxury goods instead, calling it the "The Lipstick Effect." E-commerce sales in beauty and personal-care categories, compared to pre-COVID-19, saw an increase. The mass lockdowns across many states in the U.S. resulted in hospitals and cosmetic clinics suspending many services. We present several patients who developed complications following home-administered cosmetic procedures and presented via telemedicine clinic at the dermatology department at Boston Medical Center in May 2020. The first case follows a patient who had platelet-rich-plasma concentrate injected into her face by an unauthorized, presumed aesthetician in training. The second and third cases follow patients purchasing products from unregulated e-commerce retailers, to self-administer injectable fillers and perform trichloroacetic acid chemical peels, respectively. We discuss the impact of social media in conjunction with extensive misinformation along with easily accessible products available on the internet, and how this combination has encouraged self-injurious behavior and its consequences while lacking any means of accountability. This paper aims to encourage the spread of patient education and limit personal harm from self-administration of potentially injurious procedures. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Food and alcohol disturbance among young adults during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: risk and protective factors | PURPOSE: The COVID-19 lockdown measures have had a significant impact on risk behaviors as alcohol use and disordered eating. However, little is known about a serious health-risk-behavior named "food and alcohol disturbance" (FAD), characterized by engaging in dysfunctional eating on days of planned alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential factors that may have put young adults at risk or protected against FAD during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS: A sample of 447 young adults (280 females, 167 males; range 18-26) completed an online survey during the country's nationwide lockdown composed of self-reported measures assessing FAD behaviors, alcohol consumption, compensatory behaviors, eating and weight concerns, social support, emotion regulation strategies, and living arrangement. RESULTS: Our findings showed that FAD was significantly and positively correlated to alcohol consumption, use of laxatives, self-induced vomiting, eating and weight concerns, and expressive suppression, and negatively correlated to social support and living with family. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that alcohol consumption, eating concern, and expression suppression positively predicted FAD, while social support and living with family were negative predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that during the COVID-19 lockdown, preoccupation with eating and the use of expressive suppression may have increased vulnerability to FAD; conversely, perceived social support and living with family may have been a source of protection against this dysfunctional behavior. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive study. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Research on Lean Management Optimization of Intelligent Storage for Emergency Materials Based on Big Data | The Covid-19 once again warns us to take precautions before they happen. With the outbreak of the epidemic, all kinds of medical supplies and emergency rescue supplies have been in short supply or even fuse. Based on the background of big data analysis. Through research, it is found that due to the outbreak of the epidemic, the classic material allocation model cannot be applied to actual situations, and there is no way to achieve actual results. Therefore, based on the classic material allocation model, this paper-established the demand growth model and added GIS route planning to form a new material allocation, route selection, and cost comparison model to respond to the decision-making of rescue materials allocation and route selection in public emergency (epidemic, flood, fire), establish a mathematical model of material combination optimization and a mathematical model of route optimization planning, and use computers to solve the optimization plan. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
For Preemie Parents, COVID-19 Anxiety Feels Familiar | The author reflects on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on preemie parents and their children Topics discussed include coronavirus-related anxiety being experienced by parents, concern of the author for parents who are in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) with a premature baby, and ways parents can benefit from the pandemic | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Are greater numbers of children with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus a further example of collateral damage from the COVID-19 pandemic? | BackgroundThe 2019 novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a number of changes to the daily routine for school aged children. Specifically, remote learning due to school closure, increased screen time for virtual learning, greater sedentary exposure, less exercise and potential changes to diet. These risk factors pose a potential threat for significant increase in weight gain leading to further increase in obesity among children and young people (CYP). This might eventually translate to the increased incidence of complications due to obesity including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).ObjectivesA case series to find the incidence of T2DM in children and young people in a large UK teaching hospital during the COVID-19 related lockdown period.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on children aged <17 years admitted to a large UK teaching hospital with newly diagnosed T2DM. Data was collected between May 2020 and November 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined demographic, clinical and biochemical data.ResultsSix newly diagnosed children (five males, one female), four from minority ethnic backgrounds, mean (SD) age 14.4 (2.2) years, weight 84 (27) kg and BMI 32 (6) kg/m2 (BMI Z score +1.92 (0.5). 3 (50%) children had learning difficulties and all presented with classic features across the spectrum of severity from osmotic symptoms to one child with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). 50% had acanthosis nigricans at presentation and a mean (SD) blood glucose of 18.38 (4.5) mmol/L. Mean (SD) HbA1c was 89.5 (23.8) mmol/mol. All six children had negative diabetes antibodies. All of them tested negative for COVID-19. Most parents reported that their children gained weight during lockdown. For comparison, in the preceding years, on average two children (age <17 years) per year are diagnosed with T2DM in the same centre.ConclusionsWe are seeing an increased incidence of T2DM in children and young people (CYP) in a large UK teaching hospital during the ongoing UK ‘lockdown’. This was reflected by a significant threefold increase in children with newly diagnosed T2DM. We draw attention to whether environmental and societal changes during lockdown have conferred an increased risk of obesity among CYP which have led to this significant increase in the incidence of T2DM. Alternatively this could be an indirect effect of the current pandemic. Both highlight the importance of adequate measures to be implemented to restore the physical and mental health of these CYP. In light of this we propose that parents, children and school authorities should work together to motivate CYP to participate in regular physical activities that are practically feasible during lockdown. Furthermore, there may be a delay in accessing healthcare services due to various psychosocial factors as seen in children with type 1 diabetes resulting in delayed diagnosis. All these highlight the importance of increased awareness among the public and healthcare professionals to diagnose these children early and initiate treatment. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Genetic Manipulation in Mucorales and New Developments to Study Mucormycosis | The study of the Mucoralean fungi physiology is a neglected field that the lack of effective genetic tools has hampered in the past. However, the emerging fungal infection caused by these fungi, known as mucormycosis, has prompted many researchers to study the pathogenic potential of Mucorales. The main reasons for this current attraction to study mucormycosis are its high lethality, the lack of effective antifungal drugs, and its recent increased incidence. The most contemporary example of the emergence character of mucormycosis is the epidemics declared in several Asian countries as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortunately, this pressure to understand mucormycosis and develop new treatment strategies has encouraged the blossoming of new genetic techniques and methodologies. This review describes the history of genetic manipulation in Mucorales, highlighting the development of methods and how they allowed the main genetic studies in these fungi. Moreover, we have emphasized the recent development of new genetic models to study mucormycosis, a landmark in the field that will configure future research related to this disease. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown. Where are our planning and design professionals [now, then and into the future]? | Chinese cities have been placed upon lockdown in early 2020 in an attempt to contain the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as increasingly huge demands are being placed upon Chinese and international health professionals to address this pandemic. Surprisingly, planning and design professionals are absent in the discourses about existing and post−COVID-19 strategies and actions even though previous pandemics historically revealed major impacts on the urban fabric from social and economic perspectives. This paper is a call for action for international architectural and urban organisations to include pandemics and similar in their disaster management strategies. This need is very evident in their need to better design creative and relevant protocols in partnership with health discipine organisations, and so that their applied deployment in pandemic stricken cities can be effected integrated seamlessly within normal city environment planning activities and also in incident situations like containing the current COVID-19 pandemic. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
A novel bacterial protease inhibitor adjuvant in RBD-based COVID-19 vaccine formulations increases neutralizing antibodies, specific germinal center B cells and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection | In this work we evaluated recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) based vaccine formulation prototypes with potential for further clinical development. We assessed different formulations containing RBD plus Alum, AddaS03, AddaVax or the combination of Alum and U-Omp19: a novel Brucella spp. protease inhibitor vaccine adjuvant. Results show that the vaccine formulation composed of U-Omp19 and Alum as adjuvants have a better performance: it significantly increased mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies in comparison to antigen plus Alum, AddaVax or AddaS03. Antibodies induced with the formulation containing U-Omp19 not only increased their neutralization capacity against the wild-type virus but also cross neutralized alpha, lambda and gamma variants with similar potency. Also, addition of U-Omp19 to vaccine formulation increased the frequency of RBD-specific geminal center B cells and plasmablasts. Additionally, U-Omp19+Alum formulation induced RBD-specific Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses in spleens and lungs. Finally, this vaccine formulation conferred protection against an intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge of K18-hACE2 mice. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Casefinder: A Non-Law Students Smartphone App for Legal Writing | Law subjects are not meant just for law students. Some universities around the world require students to register for law subjects to graduate. Malaysia is in a similar situation. Students enrolled in courses such as Bachelor of Accountancy, Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Public Administration, and Bachelor of Sports Science must register for required law subjects to complete the course. All students studying law must be able to read legal cases. Legal cases are important for legal writing. A good legal writing must be supported by legal cases. Traditionally, these legal cases can be found in the library. Nowadays, students may also lookup for legal cases on the internet by using Google. In Malaysia, a few websites offer access to legal cases, such as The Malayan Law Journal (mlj), The Malaysian Current Law Journal (clj), and eLaw, to name a few. The cases found on these websites are cases that include lengthy facts and judgment. For these non-law students, the large volume of cases on the internet and lengthy cases is challenging. They need assistance to understand the cases as well as finding the most relevant legal cases. This research aims to create an application (app) that will assist non-law students in finding the most pertinent legal cases to their issues at hand. The cases stored in the app are cases that the authors have summarized. Summarization is done to ensure that the non-law students understand cases very well. In this study, the waterfall methodology was used, which is a common software development process. The study developed an app which is called CaseFinder. The most challenging aspect of creating the software was making it user-friendly for non-law students. As a result, the app is limited to only five areas of law which are the most relevant to non-law students' subjects. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia, the government has mandated that all universities conduct online distance learning (ODL). The study is a preliminary study to help non-law students It is high time for the app to be introduced to reduce the possibility of interference in everyday teaching and learning. It is submitted the newly developed app is able to guide non-law students in their law classes. © 2021 ACM. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Management of transplant patients outside hospital during COVID-19 epidemic: A Chinese experience | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an increasing challenge for transplant community. Aggressive management measures are conductive to improve compliance and to lower the risk of intra-hospital infection. In this Personal Viewpoint essay, we shared experiences about management strategies of transplant patients outside hospital amid the epidemic. With the aid of Cloud Clinic service and telemedicine care, transplant patients could be regularly followed up and get medical consultation online. Furthermore, personal health education and mental health assistance are enrolled in our practice. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Sequencing Therapies for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma | In an era of several therapeutic options available, optimal treatment sequencing is crucial to providing patients the most effective therapy and promoting quality of life. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, a combination approach with an immunotherapy backbone, such as nivolumab/ipilimumab or axitinib/pembrolizumab, has a key role in the first-line setting. Safety and activity data support the transition to single-agent targeted therapies in the second-line setting. Nivolumab monotherapy possesses clinical and mechanistic rationale as a second-line therapeutic option for patients treated with targeted therapies in the first-line setting. Gene expression models are being generated from large prospective clinical trial data sets. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Consensus Statement on Coronary Intervention during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: from the Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology (KSIC) | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The first case developed in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China; several months later, COVID-19 has become pandemic, and there is no end in sight. This disaster is also causing serious health problems in the area of cardiovascular intervention. In response, the Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology formed a COVID-19 task force to develop practice guidelines. This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within facilities; the guidelines were developed to protect patients and healthcare workers from this highly contagious virus. We hope these guidelines help healthcare workers and cardiovascular disease patients around the world cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Adaptation of tobacco etch potyvirus to a susceptible ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana capacitates it for systemic infection of resistant ecotypes. | Viral pathogens continue to emerge among humans, domesticated animals and cultivated crops. The existence of genetic variance for resistance in the host population is crucial to the spread of an emerging virus. Models predict that rapid spread decreases with the frequency and diversity of resistance alleles in the host population. However, empirical tests of this hypothesis are scarce. Arabiodpsis thaliana--tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) provides an experimentally suitable pathosystem to explore the interplay between genetic variation in host's susceptibility and virus diversity. Systemic infection of A. thaliana with TEV is controlled by three dominant loci, with different ecotypes varying in susceptibility depending on the genetic constitution at these three loci. Here, we show that the TEV adaptation to a susceptible ecotype allowed the virus to successfully infect, replicate and induce symptoms in ecotypes that were fully resistant to the ancestral virus. The value of these results is twofold. First, we showed that the existence of partially susceptible individuals allows for the emerging virus to bypass resistance alleles that the virus has never encountered. Second, the concept of resistance genes may only be valid for a well-defined viral genotype but not for polymorphic viral populations. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Brain and Heart Crosstalk During Neurointerventional Procedures: The Role of the Trigeminocardiac Reflex: An Updated Systematic Review. | The trigeminocardiac reflex is a well-described brainstem reflex that clinically manifests as bradycardia, hypotension, or apnea. This physiological phenomenon is extensively reported during open neurosurgical procedures, but very few data exist for trigeminocardiac reflex occurrence during neurointerventional procedures. This systematic review aims to provide aggregated information related to the trigeminocardiac reflex during neurointerventional procedures and to improve understanding of the various mechanisms that can incite this unique brain-heart crosstalk. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
Pricing Fairness in a Pandemic: Navigating Unintended Changes to Value or Cost | The recent pandemic has caused many businesses to alter their offerings, at times providing inferior value to their customers or incurring higher costs. Many classes moved online, leading to a lower-value offering without significant cost reductions, and many firms adopted costly hygiene measures, such as stringent cleaning or reducing capacity to maintain social distancing. This article explores consumers’ fairness perceptions regarding pricing decisions made in response to unique scenarios caused by the pandemic. We present three key findings: (i) maintaining prices following a product downgrade is viewed as less fair than maintaining prices following an equivalent decrease in costs;(ii) price decreases following a product downgrade are viewed as more fair when positioned as passing on a cost saving rather than making up for decreased value;and (iii) price increases due to hygiene measures are perceived as more fair when they result from direct (compared with indirect) cost changes. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
[Umifenovir and coronavirus infections: a review of research results and clinical practice] | Coronaviruses are known to cause acute respiratory infections. Antiviral therapy, including for COVID-19, is based on clinical practice, experimental data and trial results. The purpose of this review is to: provide and systematize actual preclinical data, clinical trials results and clinical practice for antiviral agent umifenovir (Arbidol). Databases Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI and medRxiv were used for publication searching from 2004. A meta-analysis of clinical trials results was performed. Umifenovir is antiviral agent, it belongs to fusion inhibitors, interacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Umifenovir the impede the trimerization of spike glycoprotein and inhibit host cell adhesion, at the level of the coronaviruses S-protein of interaction with ACE2 receptor. Preclinical studies in vitro and on animals show umifenovir activity against a number of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and others. Umifenovir, in combination with other antiviral drugs, symptomatic or traditional medicine, was used in China to treat patients with COVID-19, resulting in reduced mortality, virus elimination, the frequency of more severe course and complications in middle severity. However, antiviral therapy for the treatment of severe patients, with ARDS, did not lead to improved outcomes. In comparative clinical studies, umifenovir showed similar effectiveness with other antiviral drugs, and lower frequency of adverse reactions. Therapy with umifenovir, led to an increase percentage of patients with negative results of PCR tests on days 714 (I2=69.8%, RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.190.76; p=0.001). The efficacy and safety of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 still requires clinical investigation. Moderate forms of COVID-19 could be effectively treated by antivirals, but severe forms of COVID-19, characterized by pulmonary immunopathology, require different approaches to treatment. | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |
COVID-19 as a confounding factor in a child submitted to staged surgical palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: One of the first reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with congenital heart disease | [Figure: see text] | Please summerize the given abstract to a title |