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Q: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | location | Gujarat
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | address | "Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Campus, near CEPT University, opp. Gujarat University, University Road"
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | completionDate | 1995
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | country | India
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | location | Ahmedabad
A: | Amdavad, completed in 1995, is located in Ahmedabad, Gujaret, India, at Lalbhai Dalpatbhal Campus, near CEPT University, opp. Gujarat University, University Row. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Q: Prompt: They just shot Gregory Peck.
Response 1: Yeah, I was in the corps and I was a POW. And my specific job in the corps was to be the person who kind of goes and lances blisters and boils on the seats of, uh, soldiers.
Response 2: I could use a Tums after that. What the hell just happened?
A: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Problem:The Oscar-winning director shot some of the signature scenes for Yesterday on location in Gorleston, Norfolk. One key scene featured more than 6,000 extras on the seafront, which Boyle said helped "build a relationship with the local community". "The film benefits and the local community benefits because you are giving something back," he said. Other scenes from Yesterday were shot at the Latitude Festival and Halesworth in Suffolk, and at Clacton-on-Sea in Essex. Screen Suffolk, which promotes the region to film-makers and champions local talent, has predicted an increase in "film-induced tourism" to all the locations featured. As well as bringing money to the town during the shoot, Boyle said he hoped the experience of taking part had been one "people will value". The film was given its regional premiere on Friday, with a screening at the Gorleston Palace cinema. The film imagines a world without The Beatles, in which struggling singer-songwriter Jack Malik is able to pass off the Fab Four's songs as his own. One of his breakthrough performances comes on the roof of the Pier Hotel in Gorleston, in an echo of The Beatles's famous Savile Row rooftop concert. "When you see this scene of the concert... 6,428 good people from Gorleston and the surrounds turned up for our concert and we had a great day," said Boyle. The film is seen as an opportunity to showcase East Anglia as a film-making destination. Its star, Himesh Patel, who grew up in Cambridgeshire, has said he enjoyed discovering "home turf I'd not really explored" during filming.
Solution: | Yesterday: Danny Boyle hails 'amazing' reception in Gorleston | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: PNG Prime Minister Peter O'Neill said in a statement he had met Australia's immigration minister, Peter Dutton, in Port Moresby on Wednesday. "Both PNG and Australia are in agreement that [Manus Island] centre is to be closed," the statement said. PNG's Supreme Court found in April that detaining asylum seekers and refugees at the centre was unconstitutional. Mr O'Neill said the Manus Regional Processing Centre, which currently houses 854 men, would not close immediately. What next for Manus Island asylum seekers? "A series of options are being advanced and implemented," Mr O'Neill said. "It is important that this process is not rushed but carried out in a careful manner. "This must take into account the interests of the people of Papua New Guinea and the wellbeing of asylum seekers and refugees." 'No settlement in Australia' Australia sends asylum seekers who arrive in the country by boat to offshore detention centres in Manus Island and the Pacific nation of Nauru. Even those who are found to be genuine refugees are not allowed to settle in Australia. Mr Dutton said in a statement that the Australian government "had a longstanding position" to work with PNG's government to close Manus Island and resettle refugees. "Our position, confirmed again today with PNG, is that no one from Manus Island Regional Processing Centre will ever be settled in Australia," the statement said. Manus Island: A controversial 'solution' Manus Island: Australia's Guantanamo? Australia's controversial asylum policy Five judges on Papua New Guinea's Supreme Court's bench ruled in April that the Manus Island camp breached section 42 of the constitution, which guarantees personal liberty. The court said "all steps" should be taken to end the "illegal" detention. 'Rights and dignity' Papua New Guinea's constitution guarantees personal liberty for all people, except in defined circumstances relating to crime, illegal immigration and quarantine. In 2014, Papua New Guinea's government amended section 42 of the constitution to add a paragraph that allowed for "holding a foreign national under arrangements made by Papua New Guinea with another country". But the Supreme Court ruled this amendment was unconstitutional, as it did not meet a requirement to respect "the rights and dignity of mankind". Mr Dutton said after the decision in April that there was excess capacity at Nauru to house the detainees from Manus Island. Australia could also reopen its centre on Christmas Island to house the men. The leak of 2,000 incident reports from the detention centre on Nauru detailing sexual assault, violence and self harm have thrust Australia's treatment of asylum seekers back into the spotlight in recent weeks.
A: | Australia to close Manus Island asylum centre | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Q: Members of Congress did not have three days to read the bill when the stimulus was rushed into law.
A: | history | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Part 2. Example
Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Answer: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Explanation: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Part 3. Exercise
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | location | Gujarat
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | address | "Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Campus, near CEPT University, opp. Gujarat University, University Road"
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | completionDate | 1995
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | country | India
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | location | Ahmedabad
Answer: | Amdavad, completed in 1995, is located in Ahmedabad, Gujaret, India, at Lalbhai Dalpatbhal Campus, near CEPT University, opp. Gujarat University, University Row. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
One example is below.
Q: Prompt: See, Arlene? That's why I don't talk to you like that because I'm afraid I'll scare our son.
Response 1: I have 12. Wait, is the key to a success story getting the number to go down?
Response 2: Oh, Dad. Even that wasn't great.
A: Response 2
Rationale: Response 2 is correct answer because it agrees with the prompt and continues the conversation in the same context.
Q: Prompt: They just shot Gregory Peck.
Response 1: Yeah, I was in the corps and I was a POW. And my specific job in the corps was to be the person who kind of goes and lances blisters and boils on the seats of, uh, soldiers.
Response 2: I could use a Tums after that. What the hell just happened?
A: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
--------
Question: A_Loyal_Character_Dancer | country | United_States
Answer: A Loyal Character Dancer is published in the United States.
Question: Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport | operatingOrganisation | Pakistan_Civil_Aviation_Authority
Pakistan | leaderName | Sardar_Ayaz_Sadiq
Lahore | country | Pakistan
Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport | location | Punjab,_Pakistan
Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport | cityServed | Lahore
Answer: Sardar Ayaz Sadiq is the leader of Pakistan, where the city of Lahore is served by Allama Iqbal International airport located in Punjab. The airport is governed by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority.
Question: Amdavad_ni_Gufa | location | Gujarat
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | address | "Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Campus, near CEPT University, opp. Gujarat University, University Road"
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | completionDate | 1995
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | country | India
Amdavad_ni_Gufa | location | Ahmedabad
Answer: | Amdavad, completed in 1995, is located in Ahmedabad, Gujaret, India, at Lalbhai Dalpatbhal Campus, near CEPT University, opp. Gujarat University, University Row.
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
instruction:
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
question:
Prompt: This dentist office has a dress code, so if the patient doesn't have a mane, we'll give them a fake one to put on.
Response 1: You know, nobody did anything to me as I walked in, so I thought I was up to code right away.
Response 2: Yeah, of course. I don't know why you have to explain that to me. I got my name written on the loser list incorrectly.
answer:
Response 1
question:
Prompt: I see a black man in his mid- fifties taking a walk with a cockroach.
Response 1: Your ring tone is somebody whispering "you're going to die?" Can you turn that on vibrate?
Response 2: They're in step. This is a choice for the cockroach.
answer:
Response 2
question:
Prompt: They just shot Gregory Peck.
Response 1: Yeah, I was in the corps and I was a POW. And my specific job in the corps was to be the person who kind of goes and lances blisters and boils on the seats of, uh, soldiers.
Response 2: I could use a Tums after that. What the hell just happened?
answer:
| Response 2
| NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Let me give you an example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
The answer to this example can be: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Here is why: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
OK. solve this:
The Oscar-winning director shot some of the signature scenes for Yesterday on location in Gorleston, Norfolk. One key scene featured more than 6,000 extras on the seafront, which Boyle said helped "build a relationship with the local community". "The film benefits and the local community benefits because you are giving something back," he said. Other scenes from Yesterday were shot at the Latitude Festival and Halesworth in Suffolk, and at Clacton-on-Sea in Essex. Screen Suffolk, which promotes the region to film-makers and champions local talent, has predicted an increase in "film-induced tourism" to all the locations featured. As well as bringing money to the town during the shoot, Boyle said he hoped the experience of taking part had been one "people will value". The film was given its regional premiere on Friday, with a screening at the Gorleston Palace cinema. The film imagines a world without The Beatles, in which struggling singer-songwriter Jack Malik is able to pass off the Fab Four's songs as his own. One of his breakthrough performances comes on the roof of the Pier Hotel in Gorleston, in an echo of The Beatles's famous Savile Row rooftop concert. "When you see this scene of the concert... 6,428 good people from Gorleston and the surrounds turned up for our concert and we had a great day," said Boyle. The film is seen as an opportunity to showcase East Anglia as a film-making destination. Its star, Himesh Patel, who grew up in Cambridgeshire, has said he enjoyed discovering "home turf I'd not really explored" during filming.
Answer: | Yesterday: Danny Boyle hails 'amazing' reception in Gorleston | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher:In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Ebola is incredibly contagious, very transmissible and easy to catch.
Student: | ebola | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
See one example below:
Problem: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Problem: PNG Prime Minister Peter O'Neill said in a statement he had met Australia's immigration minister, Peter Dutton, in Port Moresby on Wednesday. "Both PNG and Australia are in agreement that [Manus Island] centre is to be closed," the statement said. PNG's Supreme Court found in April that detaining asylum seekers and refugees at the centre was unconstitutional. Mr O'Neill said the Manus Regional Processing Centre, which currently houses 854 men, would not close immediately. What next for Manus Island asylum seekers? "A series of options are being advanced and implemented," Mr O'Neill said. "It is important that this process is not rushed but carried out in a careful manner. "This must take into account the interests of the people of Papua New Guinea and the wellbeing of asylum seekers and refugees." 'No settlement in Australia' Australia sends asylum seekers who arrive in the country by boat to offshore detention centres in Manus Island and the Pacific nation of Nauru. Even those who are found to be genuine refugees are not allowed to settle in Australia. Mr Dutton said in a statement that the Australian government "had a longstanding position" to work with PNG's government to close Manus Island and resettle refugees. "Our position, confirmed again today with PNG, is that no one from Manus Island Regional Processing Centre will ever be settled in Australia," the statement said. Manus Island: A controversial 'solution' Manus Island: Australia's Guantanamo? Australia's controversial asylum policy Five judges on Papua New Guinea's Supreme Court's bench ruled in April that the Manus Island camp breached section 42 of the constitution, which guarantees personal liberty. The court said "all steps" should be taken to end the "illegal" detention. 'Rights and dignity' Papua New Guinea's constitution guarantees personal liberty for all people, except in defined circumstances relating to crime, illegal immigration and quarantine. In 2014, Papua New Guinea's government amended section 42 of the constitution to add a paragraph that allowed for "holding a foreign national under arrangements made by Papua New Guinea with another country". But the Supreme Court ruled this amendment was unconstitutional, as it did not meet a requirement to respect "the rights and dignity of mankind". Mr Dutton said after the decision in April that there was excess capacity at Nauru to house the detainees from Manus Island. Australia could also reopen its centre on Christmas Island to house the men. The leak of 2,000 incident reports from the detention centre on Nauru detailing sexual assault, violence and self harm have thrust Australia's treatment of asylum seekers back into the spotlight in recent weeks.
Solution: | Australia to close Manus Island asylum centre | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
PROBLEM: By Amelia ButterlyNewsbeat reporter But this year's winner, Kevin Simm, hopes he will prove that wrong. "I suppose there is pressure and there is a tag with The Voice winners," he tells Newsbeat, just hours after winning the public vote. Leanne Mitchell, the first winner, only got to 134 in the charts with her album. Last year's winner, Stevie McCrorie reached number 35. "I personally don't believe The Voice is cursed," Simm says. "I genuinely thought and said that out of the four people who were in the final, and the final 10 even, I truly believe any of us could have had a career outside of this." And Simm has had a successful career outside of The Voice, having been one fifth of Liberty X, the band formed out of the runners up on the 2001 ITV show Popstars. He is aware that some fans of The Voice have been less than impressed that he has had another chance to compete on a reality show - and that he has gone on to win. "If you lose your job, or you get made redundant, can you not apply for the same job because there's other young people coming through?" he asks. "No, usually it's best person for the job who gets it. Why is it any different? "I didn't 'have' a chance with Liberty X - I went out there and got it and instead of feeling sorry for myself when it all ended, I grafted through the pubs and clubs and I've been doing that for the last six years. "If there was a rule in place on The Voice that I couldn't go for it then that would be fair enough, but there wasn't so, let's have it." Despite being billed as a documentary, Popstars tends to mark the dawn of the age of Saturday night talent shows that now dominate. Hear'Say, the winners, had a couple of number one singles, before disappearing. Liberty X meanwhile had the greater commercial success with three albums and numerous top 10 singles. Simm's former bandmates were in the audience to support him during the final and it is clear that meant a lot to him. "I don't think I put my head on the chopping block on The Voice to start dancing around with canes again," he says, when Newsbeat asks if their attendance suggests plans to reform. "It is a great laugh. When we do get together and do stuff, it is just for the laugh and for the memories and nostalgia. "I'm totally not discounting getting the canes out and performing but as far as new music, that's definitely not on the cards." For the first time in its history, the winner's single was written especially for The Voice. Rival judge Boy George has said he was "pleased" his act, Cody Frost, didn't win, because she didn't want to sing the track, called All Good Friends. "With the winner's song, a lot of the lyrics in it are quite relevant to my - I don't want to be cliched and say journey - but yeah, my journey," laughs Simm. "So for me to sing it, I can put my heart into it and believe the lyrics. "Hopefully people at home will see that too." Find us on Instagram at BBCNewsbeat and follow us on Snapchat, search for bbc_newsbeat
SOLUTION: Kevin Simm: The Voice isn't cursed with unsuccessful winners
PROBLEM: By Laura BleakleyBBC News The members will bring home five medals, including one gold, one silver and three bronze. It is the best result since the 1956 games held in Melbourne when Ireland had the exact same final medals. However, the 1996 Olympic games in Atlanta were a personal triumph for Michelle Smith de Bruin, who won three gold medals and a bronze. Katie Taylor won Ireland's first gold medal at London 2012 on Thursday. The 26-year-old, from Bray, County Wicklow, who was Ireland's flag-bearer at the opening ceremony, beat Russia's Sofya Ochigava in the women's lightweight boxing final. Her win was also significant as these were the first Olympic Games which allowed women to compete in the boxing ring. The support for the boxer was evident when London 2012 officials declared the roar of the crowd at Taylor's first bout as louder than a jumbo jet taking off, with a 113.7 decibel reading. After her Olympic victory, the former world champion boxer Barry McGuigan hugged Taylor as she came out of the ring and called her "a legend". McGuigan also said the thousands of Irish supporters inside the arena had been "incredible" and joked that there was no-one left back in Ireland. Irish fans The Republic of Ireland's international goalkeeper, Shay Given, described her as "a true Irish hero", while Bolton Wanderers footballer Fabrice Muamba tweeted: "Laying down in my hospital bed, watching Katie Taylor, She is got the best supporter. The Irish fans are unreal." Twenty-three-year-old boxer, John Joe Nevin, from Mullingar, County Westmeath, won Ireland's only Olympic silver medal. He missed out on the gold after being defeated by Team GB's Luke Campbell in the bantamweight final. Belfast boxer Paddy Barnes had to settle for bronze after losing to his Chinese rival Zou Shiming in the light-flyweight semi-final on Friday. However, the 25-year-old is the first Irish boxer to win a medal at consecutive Olympic Games. He also won bronze in Beijing, where he was defeated by the same fighter at the semi-final stage. Barnes and Nevin were not the only Irish boxers who achieved a place on the Olympic podium. Twenty-year-old Michael Conlan fought for his place in the flyweight final on Friday evening. The Belfast man lost out to Cuban fighter Robeisy Ramirez, but was also successful in achieving a bronze medal. No homecoming Northern Ireland sports minister Caral Ni Chuilin said there was "plenty to celebrate". "Our boxers have once again shone on the global stage - proving to be ambassadors for their sport, their communities and themselves," she said. Although the majority of medals have been won by boxers, show jumper Cian O'Connor collected Ireland's first medal of the games - a bronze - on Wednesday. Ireland's Rob Heffernan also finished fourth in the Men's 50km Walk event. Many members of Team Ireland are due to return to Dublin airport at lunchtime on Monday, however, there will be no official event to mark their homecoming. Despite efforts made to recognise their success, the Olympic Council of Ireland has informed Dublin City Council that most of the athletes were anxious to get home as soon as they could.
SOLUTION: Ireland's most successful Olympics for almost 60 years
PROBLEM: The Oscar-winning director shot some of the signature scenes for Yesterday on location in Gorleston, Norfolk. One key scene featured more than 6,000 extras on the seafront, which Boyle said helped "build a relationship with the local community". "The film benefits and the local community benefits because you are giving something back," he said. Other scenes from Yesterday were shot at the Latitude Festival and Halesworth in Suffolk, and at Clacton-on-Sea in Essex. Screen Suffolk, which promotes the region to film-makers and champions local talent, has predicted an increase in "film-induced tourism" to all the locations featured. As well as bringing money to the town during the shoot, Boyle said he hoped the experience of taking part had been one "people will value". The film was given its regional premiere on Friday, with a screening at the Gorleston Palace cinema. The film imagines a world without The Beatles, in which struggling singer-songwriter Jack Malik is able to pass off the Fab Four's songs as his own. One of his breakthrough performances comes on the roof of the Pier Hotel in Gorleston, in an echo of The Beatles's famous Savile Row rooftop concert. "When you see this scene of the concert... 6,428 good people from Gorleston and the surrounds turned up for our concert and we had a great day," said Boyle. The film is seen as an opportunity to showcase East Anglia as a film-making destination. Its star, Himesh Patel, who grew up in Cambridgeshire, has said he enjoyed discovering "home turf I'd not really explored" during filming.
SOLUTION: | Yesterday: Danny Boyle hails 'amazing' reception in Gorleston
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: The new owners of the former Millbrook House Hotel, CCA Galleries, have put forward a £14m redevelopment of the site. A spa, cookery school, restaurant, self-catering cottages and eco-pods are also planned. Local artists will have their work featured in the hotel and grounds and some will be asked to design rooms. Owner of CCA Galleries, Lance Trevellyan, thinks Jersey will benefit from changes to the way people travel post-pandemic, adding: "You have to look forward to the future. "Jersey's ideally suited in my mind because I believe people are not going to be so inclined - certainly for the next five years - to travel too far from home and its proximity to the mainland, I think is ideal." Local residents are being asked for their views on the new vision for the hotel, which has been closed for the past three years. Follow BBC Jersey on Twitter and Facebook. Send your story ideas to channel.islands@bbc.co.uk Related Internet Links Government of Jersey - Planning and building
A: Jersey Millbrook hotel renovation to create 40 jobs
****
Q: Reece Roberts and Luke Haley, both from Sunderland, told their victim there would be arson attacks on his vehicles unless he handed over £15,000. At an earlier hearing at Newcastle Crown Court, both admitted blackmail. The judge has now jailed Roberts, 21 and of Pallion Park, for three and a half years and sentenced Haley, 22 and of Waterford Green, to 15 months, suspended for two years. Roberts had also pleaded guilty to an unrelated offence of dangerous driving in Hetton-le-Hole in February 2019. Bombarded The court heard how the victim and his mother had contacted police in January to report that a business he was connected to had been set on fire. He reported he was then bombarded with anonymous calls demanding he hand over £15,000. Northumbria Police began an investigation that resulted in the arrest of Roberts and Haley. Nobody was ever charged in relation to the arson. Speaking after the sentencing, Det Ch Insp Jane Fairlamb said: "This is a great result and I hope it goes to show that such despicable and selfish actions will not be tolerated. "This was a terrible ordeal for the victim and his family and no one should have to go through this."
A: Sunderland pair sentenced after admitting blackmail
****
Q: PNG Prime Minister Peter O'Neill said in a statement he had met Australia's immigration minister, Peter Dutton, in Port Moresby on Wednesday. "Both PNG and Australia are in agreement that [Manus Island] centre is to be closed," the statement said. PNG's Supreme Court found in April that detaining asylum seekers and refugees at the centre was unconstitutional. Mr O'Neill said the Manus Regional Processing Centre, which currently houses 854 men, would not close immediately. What next for Manus Island asylum seekers? "A series of options are being advanced and implemented," Mr O'Neill said. "It is important that this process is not rushed but carried out in a careful manner. "This must take into account the interests of the people of Papua New Guinea and the wellbeing of asylum seekers and refugees." 'No settlement in Australia' Australia sends asylum seekers who arrive in the country by boat to offshore detention centres in Manus Island and the Pacific nation of Nauru. Even those who are found to be genuine refugees are not allowed to settle in Australia. Mr Dutton said in a statement that the Australian government "had a longstanding position" to work with PNG's government to close Manus Island and resettle refugees. "Our position, confirmed again today with PNG, is that no one from Manus Island Regional Processing Centre will ever be settled in Australia," the statement said. Manus Island: A controversial 'solution' Manus Island: Australia's Guantanamo? Australia's controversial asylum policy Five judges on Papua New Guinea's Supreme Court's bench ruled in April that the Manus Island camp breached section 42 of the constitution, which guarantees personal liberty. The court said "all steps" should be taken to end the "illegal" detention. 'Rights and dignity' Papua New Guinea's constitution guarantees personal liberty for all people, except in defined circumstances relating to crime, illegal immigration and quarantine. In 2014, Papua New Guinea's government amended section 42 of the constitution to add a paragraph that allowed for "holding a foreign national under arrangements made by Papua New Guinea with another country". But the Supreme Court ruled this amendment was unconstitutional, as it did not meet a requirement to respect "the rights and dignity of mankind". Mr Dutton said after the decision in April that there was excess capacity at Nauru to house the detainees from Manus Island. Australia could also reopen its centre on Christmas Island to house the men. The leak of 2,000 incident reports from the detention centre on Nauru detailing sexual assault, violence and self harm have thrust Australia's treatment of asylum seekers back into the spotlight in recent weeks.
A: | Australia to close Manus Island asylum centre
****
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Q: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: Bob lived two states away from his family. He left to go spend Christmas Eve with them. When he was halfway there, he realized he forgot all of the gifts. He turned around to get them but got caught in a snowstorm. Bob became snowed in and could not make it to his family.
selected sentence: He left to go spend Christmas Eve with them.
A: | Bob decides to leave >Causes/Enables> Bob leaves | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: a cavern is formed by carbonic acid in groundwater seeping through rock and dissolving limestone.
Sentence2: Carbonic acid dissolves limestone by separating the calcium and carbonate and creating a liquid. | carbonic | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Gentle reminder: We lost this man week one, but two men debating the homoeroticism of a banana made it to week two. # Justin Kirkland (@justinkirkland4) June 6, 2017 Question: what sport does this man (probably) play? Answer: basketball | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
question:
Says Minnesota has more Fortune 500 companies than Oregon and one of the most obvious differences is theyve invested in their schools.
answer:
economy
question:
A bill that would halt the EPA from regulating greenhouse gases would help stop rising gas prices.
answer:
energy
question:
Members of Congress did not have three days to read the bill when the stimulus was rushed into law.
answer:
| history
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: I juggle crawdads. Does that count as an instrument?
Response 1: Yorgy, what you do to us? Now you have to teach this armless thing to juggle.
Response 2: It's percussive. Hell, yeah. That will make a slapping sound. I'll get my cousin to sample it and we'll lay it down on a track. It will be the craw daddy track.
Output: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
One example is below.
Q: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
A: abortion
Rationale: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
Q: Members of Congress did not have three days to read the bill when the stimulus was rushed into law.
A: | history | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Howard Weinstein: Mr. Banks , this is Howard Weinstein . Franck 's Executive Assistant . I ... ave ... your estimate for you .
George Banks: I can barely hear you !
Howard Weinstein: I 'm in my car going through Water Canyon . Call you back ?
George Banks: No , no , no . I want the estimate . How much ? What 's the damage ?
Howard Weinstein: Well , everything from the flowers , to the honeymoon limo ...
George Banks: Ok , everything . How much ?
Howard Weinstein: - dred and - ifty a -ead .
George Banks: You 're breaking up . It sounded like you said 150 a head .
Howard Weinstein: No , no !
George Banks: Good . I was about to kill myself .
Howard Weinstein: It 's _ 250 _ a head .
| CURRENCY | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: I bet Obama likes mustard on his hotdogs because hes gross— Holly (@duckpunks) July 27, 2013 Question: what caused her to believe? Answer: hope | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
[EX Q]: Says Bill Whites program to bring dropouts back to school was so successful that almost every city in our state has replicated it.
[EX A]: education
[EX Q]: Says Keene, N.H., requested a military-grade armored personnel truck, citing their annual Pumpkin Festival as a possible target for terrorists.
[EX A]: homeland-security
[EX Q]: Ebola is incredibly contagious, very transmissible and easy to catch.
[EX A]: | ebola
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
One example: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
Solution is here: abortion
Explanation: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
Now, solve this: Ebola is incredibly contagious, very transmissible and easy to catch.
Solution: | ebola | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Says opponent Tammy Baldwin has had not one positive ad in the campaign for U.S. Senate.
| elections | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Definition: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Input: Arròs_negre | country | Spain
Spain | leaderName | Felipe_VI_of_Spain
Arròs_negre | region | Catalonia
Catalonia | leaderName | Parliament_of_Catalonia
Output: | Arròs negre is a traditional dish from the Catalonia region of Spain, the leader of Spain is Felipe VI of Spain, Catalonia is led by the Parliament of Catalonia. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: I shouldn't have eaten so many hot dogs before we got on the dance floor. I feel kind of queasy.
Response 1: You should sit down. I'm very worried. Are we were sure those were hot dogs?
Response 2: Bulene! You wasn't even doing a Denise voice when you read that poem! You panicked up there! You choked! | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Input: Sentence1: Cynodonts are the therapsids from which mammals evolved.
Sentence2: some therapsids became more mammal-like as they continued to evolve.
Output: | therapsids | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Problem:Sentence1: Active immunity results when an immune response to a pathogen produces memory cells.
Sentence2: Pathogens are germs that cause disease.
Solution: | pathogen | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
By Chris BaraniukTechnology reporter Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks work by overloading websites or other online services with traffic. They have the power to knock whole sites offline and are usually carried out by automated bots or programs. Victims of such attacks in the past month include the Irish National Lottery and the BBC while in 2014 the popular videogame Wurm was also hit. 'Arms race' Darren Antsee, chief security technologist at software company Arbor Networks, believes the world is in an "arms race" between those carrying out DDoS attacks and those who try to defend against them His firm conducts an annual survey of internet service providers on the subject and the company also takes in data from its "Atlas" system - which monitors 300 providers every hour. Mr Antsee says this gives the firm an idea of what's happening across "about a third of the internet". A newly published report from the company suggests attacks are getting bigger and more sophisticated - with more and more businesses suffering. More than 200 of the reported attacks in 2015 summoned 100 gigabits per second (Gbps) of traffic, with the largest of these clocking in at 500 Gbps - enough to disrupt an entire internet service provider's network. To put that in context, in 2014 internet connectivity for the entire country of Kenya was about 500 Gbps. But Mr Antsee says the larger attacks are not the real story. Instead, it's the "big jump" in more sophisticated DDoS raids which, though smaller in terms of gigabits per second, target specific parts of a website which are more easily overwhelmed. Petty cyber crime These often involve some clever analysis of how a website functions before an attack is launched, according to John Graham-Cumming, chief technology officer at DDoS protection service Cloudflare. "If you know that, say, on an e-commerce website, adding something to the basket takes a long time, what we'll see is attackers doing that over and over again to consume resources," he says. What's even more worrying is that there is now a wide range of "booter" services which offer to launch DDoS against specific targets for as little as $10 (£7). "My sense is that DDoS is just part of the internet at this point - it happens," adds Mr Graham-Cumming. "It's a bit like petty crime." Many motives Mr Antsee concurs and points out that a variety of motivations could prompt attacks these days. The most common now, according to the Arbor Networks survey, is criminals flexing their muscles against online targets to demonstrate their capabilities. Businesses occasionally dabble in attacking competitors, and there are also reports of individuals using DDoS for extortion - in which a ransom fee is demanded from the owners of a victim site. Finally, it's also sometimes the case that DDoS attacks will take place for "ideological" reasons - a website supporting a political viewpoint might be thrown offline by supporters of the opposing view, for example. In terms of protection, companies like Cloudflare offer to analyse web traffic for signs of malicious requests which can often weed out unwanted connections. Mr Antsee adds that "infrastructure access control lists" (ACLs) can be installed in routers and switches to detect suspicious patterns in traffic. Information overload However, the more sophisticated attacks mentioned above which target weak points in a website's structure are not always preventable with such technology. "You need to be using more intelligent DDoS mitigation systems to absorb that kind of traffic," says Mr Antsee. Interestingly, he also comments that there is quite a large disparity between the number of attacks like this detected by service providers and the number seen by businesses - suggesting that more might need to be done before their true scale is understood. As a result of these developments, it is widely expected that the market for DDoS protection services is set to grow this year. Indeed, 74% of service providers surveyed by Arbor said they had seen an increase in such protections among their customers. "We certainly don't see things slowing down, the reality is, for a lot of websites, it's easy to knock them offline and so people do it," notes Mr Graham-Cumming. He adds that these days, it seems as though anyone could be a target. "Who gets DDoS'd? It's everybody, really."
| DDoS: Website-crippling cyber-attacks to rise in 2016 | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
--------
Question: story: Sam was feeling lonely. He decided to cheer himself up with a new pet. He went to the pet store on the weekend. He picked out a red colored parrot that he took home. Sam was no longer lonely with his new pet parrot.
selected sentence: He decided to cheer himself up with a new pet.
Answer: Sam feels lonely >Causes/Enables> Sam decides to cheer himself up
Question: story: It was a sunny and warm afternoon. I took my dog Ziggy to the dog park. When I arrived I was surprised to see there were no dogs there. Ziggy still had a good time playing fetch with the tennis ball. Once she was tired we went back home.
selected sentence: It was a sunny and warm afternoon.
Answer: The sun shines in my town >Causes/Enables> It is a warm afternoon
Question: story: Bob lived two states away from his family. He left to go spend Christmas Eve with them. When he was halfway there, he realized he forgot all of the gifts. He turned around to get them but got caught in a snowstorm. Bob became snowed in and could not make it to his family.
selected sentence: He left to go spend Christmas Eve with them.
Answer: | Bob decides to leave >Causes/Enables> Bob leaves
| NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Q: Prompt: I'm worried. I have a family and you've had me hold these knives all day. If I slip, this knife is going to go straight into my throat.
Response 1: Or, it could go straight into his throat.
Response 2: Maybe not, but I feel like I've got some good questions about life and stuff.
A: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
story: Two boxers were fighting in the ring on fight night. The less experienced fighter had trouble landing punches. During the 3rd round, the less experienced fighter was knocked down. After getting back up, the boxer began learning from his mistakes. By the end of the night, the less experienced boxer won the fight.
selected sentence: After getting back up, the boxer began learning from his mistakes.
Output: | The fighter gets knocked down >Causes/Enables> The fighter gets up | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: a solution is formed by one substance being dissolved in another substance.
Sentence2: A solution is formed when limestone is dissolved in ocean water.
formed
Sentence1: Many birds perform elaborate courtship dances.
Sentence2: Many birds perform dances before they mate.
Many
Sentence1: a cavern is formed by carbonic acid in groundwater seeping through rock and dissolving limestone.
Sentence2: Carbonic acid dissolves limestone by separating the calcium and carbonate and creating a liquid.
| carbonic
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Part 2. Example
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Answer: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
Explanation: The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
Part 3. Exercise
story: Bob lived two states away from his family. He left to go spend Christmas Eve with them. When he was halfway there, he realized he forgot all of the gifts. He turned around to get them but got caught in a snowstorm. Bob became snowed in and could not make it to his family.
selected sentence: He left to go spend Christmas Eve with them.
Answer: | Bob decides to leave >Causes/Enables> Bob leaves | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Why? The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
New input: Sentence1: a cavern is formed by carbonic acid in groundwater seeping through rock and dissolving limestone.
Sentence2: Carbonic acid dissolves limestone by separating the calcium and carbonate and creating a liquid.
Solution: | carbonic | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Problem:Statement: Miraculously the cathedral escaped unharmed from the heavy air raids of World War II. Choices: 1. The cathedral was damaged from the air assaults in World War II. 2. Given the substantial air assaults of World War II, it's a miracle the cathedral wasn't damaged. 3. War causes heavy damage and air raids.
Solution: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Input: Context: While Ryan speaks, Biden looks like he's trying to order a drink at the bar and the bartender is ignoring him. #vpdebate— kelly oxford (@kellyoxford) October 12, 2012 Question: what is the tweeter watching? Answer: the vice presidential debate
Output: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: paper.
Question: PersonX wrote on the paper with a pencil unlike PersonY who wrote with a pen, because _ wanted to erase it later.
Answer: PersonX
| PersonX wrote on the paper with a pencil unlike PersonY who wrote with a pen, because _ wanted to keep it for later. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: In an intense and stressful moment, I allowed my emotions to get the best of me and said some insulting and (cont) Britt McHenry (@BrittMcHenry) April 16, 2015 Question: how much trouble does carly fiorina have coming back from commercial pauses? Answer: zero
no
Context: And listen even if @DanielHandler is her friend, he's just made sure that the story is his racist joke, not her achievements.— Mikki Kendall (@Karnythia) November 20, 2014 Question: how good of a friend? Answer: he is a very good friend
yes
Context: Gentle reminder: We lost this man week one, but two men debating the homoeroticism of a banana made it to week two. # Justin Kirkland (@justinkirkland4) June 6, 2017 Question: what sport does this man (probably) play? Answer: basketball
| no
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Solution: yes
Why? Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
New input: Context: Gentle reminder: We lost this man week one, but two men debating the homoeroticism of a banana made it to week two. # Justin Kirkland (@justinkirkland4) June 6, 2017 Question: what sport does this man (probably) play? Answer: basketball
Solution: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Ex Input:
Prompt: I advance towards you one stilt at a time.
Response 1: Yeah, they haven't been happy for a long time. There's just a lot of misery.
Response 2: I recoil at first, because I'm used to it, but then something tells me to let it happen.
Ex Output:
Response 2
Ex Input:
Prompt: What is this strange liquid coming out from my beeps and boops?
Response 1: I wish you wouldn't call me that.
Response 2: You're crying, daughter, you're crying.
Ex Output:
Response 2
Ex Input:
Prompt: I juggle crawdads. Does that count as an instrument?
Response 1: Yorgy, what you do to us? Now you have to teach this armless thing to juggle.
Response 2: It's percussive. Hell, yeah. That will make a slapping sound. I'll get my cousin to sample it and we'll lay it down on a track. It will be the craw daddy track.
Ex Output:
| Response 2
| NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
[Q]: Cmdr. Jeffrey Sinclair: I 'll notify your next of kin .
Michael Garibaldi: _ 4 _ ... 3 ... 2 ... 1 ...
Lt. Cmdr. Susan Ivanova: OH ! GARIBALDI ! YOU'RE A DEAD MAN !
[A]: OTHER
[Q]: Snow White: We need to be careful .
Prince Charming: What , of trolls ?
Snow White: You 've clearly never met _ one _ .
Prince Charming: Are n't they just little people ?
Snow White: You 're thinking of dwarves . Show a little respect . They 'll cut your hand off sooner than they 'll shake it .
[A]: REFERENCE trolls
[Q]: Howard Weinstein: Mr. Banks , this is Howard Weinstein . Franck 's Executive Assistant . I ... ave ... your estimate for you .
George Banks: I can barely hear you !
Howard Weinstein: I 'm in my car going through Water Canyon . Call you back ?
George Banks: No , no , no . I want the estimate . How much ? What 's the damage ?
Howard Weinstein: Well , everything from the flowers , to the honeymoon limo ...
George Banks: Ok , everything . How much ?
Howard Weinstein: - dred and - ifty a -ead .
George Banks: You 're breaking up . It sounded like you said 150 a head .
Howard Weinstein: No , no !
George Banks: Good . I was about to kill myself .
Howard Weinstein: It 's _ 250 _ a head .
[A]: | CURRENCY
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Input: Context: I'm hoping to stay connected w/ this account as much as poss., but would rather tweet about more meaningful things than not #lessismore— Chelsea Manning (@xychelsea) April 3, 2015 Question: how much is manning hoping to stay connected using the account? Answer: as much as possible
Output: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Example: Prompt: See, Arlene? That's why I don't talk to you like that because I'm afraid I'll scare our son.
Response 1: I have 12. Wait, is the key to a success story getting the number to go down?
Response 2: Oh, Dad. Even that wasn't great.
Output: Response 2
Response 2 is correct answer because it agrees with the prompt and continues the conversation in the same context.
New input case for you: Prompt: I juggle crawdads. Does that count as an instrument?
Response 1: Yorgy, what you do to us? Now you have to teach this armless thing to juggle.
Response 2: It's percussive. Hell, yeah. That will make a slapping sound. I'll get my cousin to sample it and we'll lay it down on a track. It will be the craw daddy track.
Output: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Example: Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
Example solution: REFERENCE crooler
Example explanation: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Problem: Howard Weinstein: Mr. Banks , this is Howard Weinstein . Franck 's Executive Assistant . I ... ave ... your estimate for you .
George Banks: I can barely hear you !
Howard Weinstein: I 'm in my car going through Water Canyon . Call you back ?
George Banks: No , no , no . I want the estimate . How much ? What 's the damage ?
Howard Weinstein: Well , everything from the flowers , to the honeymoon limo ...
George Banks: Ok , everything . How much ?
Howard Weinstein: - dred and - ifty a -ead .
George Banks: You 're breaking up . It sounded like you said 150 a head .
Howard Weinstein: No , no !
George Banks: Good . I was about to kill myself .
Howard Weinstein: It 's _ 250 _ a head .
| Solution: CURRENCY | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Nobody can deny @realDonaldTrump uncovered a 14 year long 9/11 cover-up re: celebrations on Jersey City rooftops. — Daniel Scavino Jr. (@DanScavino) December 2, 2015 Question: who uncovered a 14-year long 9/11 cover-up? Answer: donald trump
yes
Context: We need more men like Drake who will call out trash who objectify, harass and grope women.— Luke Waltham (@lukewaltham) November 16, 2017 Question: what is the hashtag in this post? Answer: #rupertsfault
no
Context: I bet Obama likes mustard on his hotdogs because hes gross— Holly (@duckpunks) July 27, 2013 Question: what caused her to believe? Answer: hope
| no
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: By Robbie MeredithBBC News NI Education Correspondent That is according to figures just published by the University and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). Almost half (46.9%) of all 18 year olds in Northern Ireland applied to UCAS by 30 June 2019, a fall of 0.7% from 2018. There has, however, been a 7% rise in the number of non-EU students applying through UCAS to study in Northern Ireland. Meanwhile, the number of 18 year olds in England applying to go to university has risen. However, Northern Ireland still has the biggest proportion of the 18-year-old population applying to go to university of the four countries in the UK. International students In 2019, 10,510 18 year olds in Northern Ireland applied to go to university, down from 11,050 in 2018. As there has been a fall in the 18-year-old population compared to 2018, the percentage drop in the proportion applying is lower than the numerical drop. Overall there were 18,520 university applicants of all ages from Northern Ireland in 2019, compared to 19,310 in 2018. There are a record number of international students applying through UCAS to study in the UK in 2019. 81,340 students from outside the European Union (EU) have applied, up 8% on 2018. UCAS figures also show that there has been a 7% rise in the number of international students applying to begin studying at universities in Northern Ireland in 2019: 2,410 have applied this year, compared to 2,260 in 2018. However, Northern Ireland's universities also admit some international students outside the UCAS system through partnerships with other global universities, so the number of international students applying is likely to be higher than the UCAS figures. The final deadline for applying for up to five universities or colleges simultaneously through UCAS was 30 June 2019. While there has been a rise in the number of unconditional offers made in recent years, most UK applicants will only have their university place confirmed when they receive their A-level results on 15 August.
A: | University applications from Northern Ireland fall | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Q: story: There are lots of Roadside choices when driving. Sandy decided to stop at a pancake place. She got the waffles and syrup. The waiters were nice. She left them a big tip and went on her way.
selected sentence: She left them a big tip and went on her way.
A: | Sandy decides to leave a tip >Causes/Enables> Sandy leaves a tip | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Definition: "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Input: Prompt: Everyone prepare. It's a rogue wave.
Response 1: You look you're ready to have fun. Your eyes look very positive. Both of them.
Response 2: Oh honey, get the camera!
Output: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Solution: yes
Why? Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
New input: Context: I bet Obama likes mustard on his hotdogs because hes gross— Holly (@duckpunks) July 27, 2013 Question: what caused her to believe? Answer: hope
Solution: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Input: Cooter: Here , take my truck .
Luke Duke: Well , what if someone needed a tow ?
Cooter: I 've had 9 tows in 3 years , and you boys have been _ 8 _ of 'em !
Output: | REFERENCE tows | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Teacher:You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: 3Arena | location | "North Wall Quay"
3Arena | architect | "HOK SVE"
Student: | HOK SVE was the architect of the 3Arena which is located on North Wall Quay. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Q: Capt. Walsh: One solid oak bar , sixteen tables , twelve chairs , one etched mirror , six by nine , one antique pool table , two doors , thirty - two bottles of liquor , and a Pabst Blue Ribbon neon clock . Does this seem like a fairly accurate list of the damages , Detective Vecchio ?
Ray Vecchio: I do n't believe the pool table was an antique , sir .
Capt. Walsh: Oh , well we 'll never know now , will we ? Because all that 's left is this bag of felt .
Ray Vecchio: I sought refuge behind the item in question when the suspect pointed a shot gun in my direction and fired repeatedly , sir .
Capt. Walsh: Suspect . I 'm glad we finally got around to that because I would hate to think we were responsible for all this damage without a very good reason . You say you identified him by his nose ?
Ray Vecchio: Yes , sir .
Capt. Walsh: You did n't say something about his nose , causing him to fire repeatedly into the bar ?
Ray Vecchio: Ah , no .
Capt. Walsh: You just felt that his nose was so offensive that you decided to pursue and arrest him ?
Ray Vecchio: Captain , the suspect is a known felon and you see , I had this hunch that ...
Capt. Walsh: You had a hunch ? A hunch ! And you coupled your hunch with with your positive identification of his nose ? And this was the basis of your investigation ? An investigation which resulted in injury of seven people , three with gun shot wounds , _ two _ with broken limbs , one hospitalized with a concussion , and one who claims to have been bitten by a wolf .
Ray Vecchio: The wolf was just trying to help , sir
Capt. Walsh: They usually are !
A: | REFERENCE people | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Q: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: yeah so anyway Choices: 1. Yeah sure it was, so anyway let's move on. 2. Yes, so anyway. 3. No, so anyway.
A: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Q: story: John won his baseball game and wanted some ice cream to celebrate. He went with his teammates to their favorite ice cream shoppe. John looked at the menu to decide what he wanted. He thought a milkshake would hit the spot. John drank his delicious shake and went home.
selected sentence: John won his baseball game and wanted some ice cream to celebrate.
A: | John wins his baseball game >Causes/Enables> John wants to celebrate | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Q: story: John had a headache. He was scared it was the beginning of the flu. He took some headache medicine and went to bed. When he woke up the headache was better. He was so glad to not have the flu.
selected sentence: He took some headache medicine and went to bed.
A: | John gets a headache >Causes/Enables> John takes headache medicine | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
[Q]: Terry McAuliffe cashed in, walking away with millions from the demise of Global Crossing.
[A]: candidates-biography
[Q]: When Republican extremists tried to take away abortion rights Blake Rocap stopped them.
[A]: abortion
[Q]: Says opponent Tammy Baldwin has had not one positive ad in the campaign for U.S. Senate.
[A]: | elections
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Q: Red light camera installed to promote public safety.
A: | transportation | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Problem:Buzz_Aldrin | birthPlace | Glen_Ridge,_New_Jersey
Buzz_Aldrin | was a crew member of | Apollo_11
Glen_Ridge,_New_Jersey | isPartOf | Essex_County,_New_Jersey
Solution: | Buzz Aldrin, a crew member of Apollo 11, was born in the Essex County of Glen Ridge, New Jersey. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Example: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
Example solution: abortion
Example explanation: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
Problem: Says opponent Tammy Baldwin has had not one positive ad in the campaign for U.S. Senate.
| Solution: elections | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Input: Consider Input: Romania | ethnicGroup | Germans_of_Romania
Romania | leaderName | Klaus_Iohannis
Romania | leaderTitle | Prime_Minister_of_Romania
Romania | capital | Bucharest
1_Decembrie_1918_University | country | Romania
Output: The 1 Decembrie 1918 University is located in Romania. Romania's capital is Bucharest; its Prime Minister is Klaus Iohannis and its ethnic group is the Germans of Romania.
Input: Consider Input: Asam_pedas | country | Malaysia
Malaysia | capital | Putrajaya
Malaysia | leaderName | Abu_Zahar_Ujang
Output: Asam pedas is a food found in Malaysia, where the capital is Putrajaya and the leader is Abu Zahar Ujang.
Input: Consider Input: Arròs_negre | country | Spain
Spain | leaderName | Felipe_VI_of_Spain
Arròs_negre | region | Catalonia
Catalonia | leaderName | Parliament_of_Catalonia
| Output: Arròs negre is a traditional dish from the Catalonia region of Spain, the leader of Spain is Felipe VI of Spain, Catalonia is led by the Parliament of Catalonia.
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Teacher: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Solution: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Reason: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Now, solve this instance: Arròs_negre | country | Spain
Spain | leaderName | Felipe_VI_of_Spain
Arròs_negre | region | Catalonia
Catalonia | leaderName | Parliament_of_Catalonia
Student: | Arròs negre is a traditional dish from the Catalonia region of Spain, the leader of Spain is Felipe VI of Spain, Catalonia is led by the Parliament of Catalonia. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Q: story: Richard recently got a job as a mailman. On his first day, he lost several packages. He dropped them as he got in and out of his truck. Richard decided to lie to his boss about losing the packages. Richard's boss believed him, but Richard felt guilty for a long time.
selected sentence: Richard recently got a job as a mailman.
A: | Richard applies for a job >Causes/Enables> Richard gets a job | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: We have come to have a romantic understanding, isn't that right Madeline?
Response 1: Yes, it is. We enjoy each other's company. We still have not had sex.
Response 2: Oh, this early in the morning? | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Q: Statement: After dark, I had nightmares about Mr. White and my long lost body. Choices: 1. I never thought of my old body. 2. I had a hard time sleeping at night. 3. I had bad dreams about my old body.
A: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: I'm taking the computer and I'm going to watch a movie.
Response 1: Are you gonna use the disk drive of the computer?
Response 2: Oh that blood? That's always been there.
Response 1
Prompt: I just feel like I've been hard on you because I was jealous when you were holding all of those customers in your arms. It's like, you never hold me, old Timmy.
Response 1: Maybe you just haven't found the right subject. Have you ever tried romance?
Response 2: It's almost like, if I can say, as the mother in the corner of the office - Tim - it's almost like you've been so busy touching people you haven't really been seeing them.
Response 2
Prompt: I shouldn't have eaten so many hot dogs before we got on the dance floor. I feel kind of queasy.
Response 1: You should sit down. I'm very worried. Are we were sure those were hot dogs?
Response 2: Bulene! You wasn't even doing a Denise voice when you read that poem! You panicked up there! You choked!
| Response 1
| NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: See, Arlene? That's why I don't talk to you like that because I'm afraid I'll scare our son.
Response 1: I have 12. Wait, is the key to a success story getting the number to go down?
Response 2: Oh, Dad. Even that wasn't great.
Solution: Response 2
Why? Response 2 is correct answer because it agrees with the prompt and continues the conversation in the same context.
New input: Prompt: I shouldn't have eaten so many hot dogs before we got on the dance floor. I feel kind of queasy.
Response 1: You should sit down. I'm very worried. Are we were sure those were hot dogs?
Response 2: Bulene! You wasn't even doing a Denise voice when you read that poem! You panicked up there! You choked!
Solution: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: Either way, everybody The employees read their news, the company has a clear net again, and it's a nice annuity for PointCast. Choices: 1. The news was read by the employees. 2. The employees keep themselves insulated from the news. 3. The employees keep up to date with local and international events.
| 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Problem:Context: My dogs are so depressed this is the last night they will get to watch me watching #BreakingBad :(— Kristen Bell (@IMKristenBell) September 30, 2013 Question: who does kristen bell like to watch tv with? Answer: her dogs
Solution: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Example input: Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Example output: pollution.
Example explanation: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Q: Sentence1: Cynodonts are the therapsids from which mammals evolved.
Sentence2: some therapsids became more mammal-like as they continued to evolve.
A: | therapsids | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Example Input: Sentence1: the uterus is used in reproduction.
Sentence2: Reproduction uses the same organ as menstruation.
Example Output: reproduction
Example Input: Sentence1: Organisms that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the salt in the water.
Sentence2: Most of the water on the planet is salt water in the oceans.
Example Output: salt
Example Input: Sentence1: Cynodonts are the therapsids from which mammals evolved.
Sentence2: some therapsids became more mammal-like as they continued to evolve.
Example Output: | therapsids
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
PROBLEM: Sentence1: Most pituitary hormones control other endocrine glands.
Sentence2: Hormones tell the ovaries to produce eggs.
SOLUTION: hormones
PROBLEM: Sentence1: a greenhouse is used to protect plants by keeping them warm.
Sentence2: Flower size varies by plant.
SOLUTION: plants
PROBLEM: Sentence1: Active immunity results when an immune response to a pathogen produces memory cells.
Sentence2: Pathogens are germs that cause disease.
SOLUTION: | pathogen
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Let me give you an example: Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
The answer to this example can be: pollution.
Here is why: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
OK. solve this:
Sentence1: Active immunity results when an immune response to a pathogen produces memory cells.
Sentence2: Pathogens are germs that cause disease.
Answer: | pathogen | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: Condensing is a gas turning into a liquid.
Sentence2: condensation alters a gas.
| gas | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Example solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Problem: By Chris BaraniukTechnology reporter Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks work by overloading websites or other online services with traffic. They have the power to knock whole sites offline and are usually carried out by automated bots or programs. Victims of such attacks in the past month include the Irish National Lottery and the BBC while in 2014 the popular videogame Wurm was also hit. 'Arms race' Darren Antsee, chief security technologist at software company Arbor Networks, believes the world is in an "arms race" between those carrying out DDoS attacks and those who try to defend against them His firm conducts an annual survey of internet service providers on the subject and the company also takes in data from its "Atlas" system - which monitors 300 providers every hour. Mr Antsee says this gives the firm an idea of what's happening across "about a third of the internet". A newly published report from the company suggests attacks are getting bigger and more sophisticated - with more and more businesses suffering. More than 200 of the reported attacks in 2015 summoned 100 gigabits per second (Gbps) of traffic, with the largest of these clocking in at 500 Gbps - enough to disrupt an entire internet service provider's network. To put that in context, in 2014 internet connectivity for the entire country of Kenya was about 500 Gbps. But Mr Antsee says the larger attacks are not the real story. Instead, it's the "big jump" in more sophisticated DDoS raids which, though smaller in terms of gigabits per second, target specific parts of a website which are more easily overwhelmed. Petty cyber crime These often involve some clever analysis of how a website functions before an attack is launched, according to John Graham-Cumming, chief technology officer at DDoS protection service Cloudflare. "If you know that, say, on an e-commerce website, adding something to the basket takes a long time, what we'll see is attackers doing that over and over again to consume resources," he says. What's even more worrying is that there is now a wide range of "booter" services which offer to launch DDoS against specific targets for as little as $10 (£7). "My sense is that DDoS is just part of the internet at this point - it happens," adds Mr Graham-Cumming. "It's a bit like petty crime." Many motives Mr Antsee concurs and points out that a variety of motivations could prompt attacks these days. The most common now, according to the Arbor Networks survey, is criminals flexing their muscles against online targets to demonstrate their capabilities. Businesses occasionally dabble in attacking competitors, and there are also reports of individuals using DDoS for extortion - in which a ransom fee is demanded from the owners of a victim site. Finally, it's also sometimes the case that DDoS attacks will take place for "ideological" reasons - a website supporting a political viewpoint might be thrown offline by supporters of the opposing view, for example. In terms of protection, companies like Cloudflare offer to analyse web traffic for signs of malicious requests which can often weed out unwanted connections. Mr Antsee adds that "infrastructure access control lists" (ACLs) can be installed in routers and switches to detect suspicious patterns in traffic. Information overload However, the more sophisticated attacks mentioned above which target weak points in a website's structure are not always preventable with such technology. "You need to be using more intelligent DDoS mitigation systems to absorb that kind of traffic," says Mr Antsee. Interestingly, he also comments that there is quite a large disparity between the number of attacks like this detected by service providers and the number seen by businesses - suggesting that more might need to be done before their true scale is understood. As a result of these developments, it is widely expected that the market for DDoS protection services is set to grow this year. Indeed, 74% of service providers surveyed by Arbor said they had seen an increase in such protections among their customers. "We certainly don't see things slowing down, the reality is, for a lot of websites, it's easy to knock them offline and so people do it," notes Mr Graham-Cumming. He adds that these days, it seems as though anyone could be a target. "Who gets DDoS'd? It's everybody, really."
| Solution: DDoS: Website-crippling cyber-attacks to rise in 2016 | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[Q]: The authority approved two sections of the route which run to Cribbs Causeway and Emersons Green. The southern sections - Ashton Vale to Temple Meads, and the South Bristol Link - have already been approved. Bristol City Council planners gave consent in August saying the route would reduce travel time and traffic along key routes. The proposed scheme will see buses use exclusive "segregated lanes" and "guided busways". Both routes will run along the M32 before splitting - with one going to Cribbs Causeway via Bristol Parkway Railway Station and then on a new bypass which was granted permission last year. The other section will run to Emersons Green to the east of Bristol. The £200m project has been devised by the West of England Partnership - an alliance between the four councils in Bristol, Bath, South Gloucestershire and North Somerset.
[A]: Bristol Metrobus northern route approved
[Q]: Rail World head Edward Burkhardt said he did not believe the last engineer had set a series of hand brakes, despite his protestations. Residents heckled Mr Burkhardt as he visited the town of Lac-Megantic. At least 30 other people are missing since Saturday morning's disaster and are "most probably dead", police say. They say that one of the 20 recovered bodies has been identified and the victim's family has been notified. No official list of missing people has been released, but unofficial accounts have been circulating on social media. At least 30 buildings were razed by the fireball from the explosion. Railroad record Making his first visit to the town on Wednesday, Mr Burkhardt said an engineer, who was in charge of driving the train, had been suspended without pay. "I think he did something wrong," Mr Burkhardt said, flanked by police escorts, in Lac-Megantic. "It's hard to explain why someone didn't do something. We think he applied some hand brakes but the question is: did he apply enough of them? "He said he applied 11 hand brakes. We think that's not true. Initially we believed him but now we don't." The railway chief said he had not visited the Quebec town before Wednesday because he was dealing with the crisis in his Chicago office, where he said he was better able to communicate with insurers and authorities. Earlier on Wednesday, Quebec Premier Pauline Marois said the company's response to the crash had been lacking. "We have realised there are serious gaps from the railway company from not having been there and not communicating with the public," Ms Marois said as she announced a 60m Canadian dollar (£38m, $57m) fund to help victims and to rebuild the town. The accident has also shone a spotlight on the railway's safety record. Over the past decade, the firm has recorded a higher accident rate than the rest of the US rail fleet, according to data from the Federal Railroad Administration. In the last year, the railroad had 36.1 accidents per million miles travelled, in comparison to a national average of 14.6 accidents. 'Risky environment' Some 200 officers were still searching the disaster site on Wednesday morning, and the heart of the town was being treated as a crime scene, cordoned off by police tape. At the centre of the destruction was the Musi-Cafe, a popular bar that was filled at the time of the explosion. But police said the effort was taking a toll on some crew members and two people had to be taken off the operation over worries for their physical condition. "This is a very risky environment," said Quebec Provincial Police Sgt Benoit Richard. On Tuesday, Quebec Police Inspector Michel Forget said investigators had ruled out terrorism as a cause of the disaster, but criminal negligence remained under consideration. "This is an enormous task ahead of us," he said. "We're not at the stage of arrests." Authorities have asked the relatives of those still missing to provide DNA samples by bringing in toothbrushes, razors and other items. But the authorities have also warned some of the bodies may have been burnt to ashes in the explosion. About 800 people were still barred from their homes as of Tuesday, and returning residents were asked to boil tap water before using it. 'Partial responsibility' The train, carrying 72 cars of crude oil, was parked shortly before midnight on Friday in the town of Nantes about seven miles (11km) away. Local firefighters were later called to put out a fire on the train. While tackling that blaze, they shut down a locomotive that had apparently been left running to keep the brakes engaged. Shortly afterwards the train began moving downhill in an 18-minute journey, gathering speed until it derailed in Lac-Megantic and exploded. The fire department and the train's owners have appeared in recent days to point the finger at one another over the disaster. Mr Burkhardt suggested on Tuesday evening that firefighters shared some of the blame. "We don't have total responsibility, but we have partial responsibility," he told reporters in Montreal. The train was carrying oil from the Bakken oil region in the US state of North Dakota to a refinery on the east coast of Canada.
[A]: Lac-Megantic disaster: Engineer blamed for Canada blast
[Q]: By Chris BaraniukTechnology reporter Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks work by overloading websites or other online services with traffic. They have the power to knock whole sites offline and are usually carried out by automated bots or programs. Victims of such attacks in the past month include the Irish National Lottery and the BBC while in 2014 the popular videogame Wurm was also hit. 'Arms race' Darren Antsee, chief security technologist at software company Arbor Networks, believes the world is in an "arms race" between those carrying out DDoS attacks and those who try to defend against them His firm conducts an annual survey of internet service providers on the subject and the company also takes in data from its "Atlas" system - which monitors 300 providers every hour. Mr Antsee says this gives the firm an idea of what's happening across "about a third of the internet". A newly published report from the company suggests attacks are getting bigger and more sophisticated - with more and more businesses suffering. More than 200 of the reported attacks in 2015 summoned 100 gigabits per second (Gbps) of traffic, with the largest of these clocking in at 500 Gbps - enough to disrupt an entire internet service provider's network. To put that in context, in 2014 internet connectivity for the entire country of Kenya was about 500 Gbps. But Mr Antsee says the larger attacks are not the real story. Instead, it's the "big jump" in more sophisticated DDoS raids which, though smaller in terms of gigabits per second, target specific parts of a website which are more easily overwhelmed. Petty cyber crime These often involve some clever analysis of how a website functions before an attack is launched, according to John Graham-Cumming, chief technology officer at DDoS protection service Cloudflare. "If you know that, say, on an e-commerce website, adding something to the basket takes a long time, what we'll see is attackers doing that over and over again to consume resources," he says. What's even more worrying is that there is now a wide range of "booter" services which offer to launch DDoS against specific targets for as little as $10 (£7). "My sense is that DDoS is just part of the internet at this point - it happens," adds Mr Graham-Cumming. "It's a bit like petty crime." Many motives Mr Antsee concurs and points out that a variety of motivations could prompt attacks these days. The most common now, according to the Arbor Networks survey, is criminals flexing their muscles against online targets to demonstrate their capabilities. Businesses occasionally dabble in attacking competitors, and there are also reports of individuals using DDoS for extortion - in which a ransom fee is demanded from the owners of a victim site. Finally, it's also sometimes the case that DDoS attacks will take place for "ideological" reasons - a website supporting a political viewpoint might be thrown offline by supporters of the opposing view, for example. In terms of protection, companies like Cloudflare offer to analyse web traffic for signs of malicious requests which can often weed out unwanted connections. Mr Antsee adds that "infrastructure access control lists" (ACLs) can be installed in routers and switches to detect suspicious patterns in traffic. Information overload However, the more sophisticated attacks mentioned above which target weak points in a website's structure are not always preventable with such technology. "You need to be using more intelligent DDoS mitigation systems to absorb that kind of traffic," says Mr Antsee. Interestingly, he also comments that there is quite a large disparity between the number of attacks like this detected by service providers and the number seen by businesses - suggesting that more might need to be done before their true scale is understood. As a result of these developments, it is widely expected that the market for DDoS protection services is set to grow this year. Indeed, 74% of service providers surveyed by Arbor said they had seen an increase in such protections among their customers. "We certainly don't see things slowing down, the reality is, for a lot of websites, it's easy to knock them offline and so people do it," notes Mr Graham-Cumming. He adds that these days, it seems as though anyone could be a target. "Who gets DDoS'd? It's everybody, really."
[A]: | DDoS: Website-crippling cyber-attacks to rise in 2016
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Input: Allen Francis Doyle: So what , you do n't get the ring because your period of self - flagellation is n't over yet ? I mean , think of all the daytime people you can help between 9 and _ 5 _ .
Angel: They have help . The whole world is designed for them . So much so that they have no idea what goes on around them after dark . They do n't see the weak ones lost in the night . And the things that prey on them . And if I joined them , maybe I 'd stop seeing too .
Output: | TIME | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
See one example below:
Problem: Prompt: See, Arlene? That's why I don't talk to you like that because I'm afraid I'll scare our son.
Response 1: I have 12. Wait, is the key to a success story getting the number to go down?
Response 2: Oh, Dad. Even that wasn't great.
Solution: Response 2
Explanation: Response 2 is correct answer because it agrees with the prompt and continues the conversation in the same context.
Problem: Prompt: I'm worried. I have a family and you've had me hold these knives all day. If I slip, this knife is going to go straight into my throat.
Response 1: Or, it could go straight into his throat.
Response 2: Maybe not, but I feel like I've got some good questions about life and stuff.
Solution: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Q: Prompt: I feel like we have that focus in common.
Response 1: I guess we're not so different after all.
Response 2: Let's not make this about our decades long, yet ended marriage.
A: Response 1
****
Q: Prompt: Oh, big deal for me. Me and your daughter who you abandoned in Italy can form a posse of people who don't need you.
Response 1: I hope you are being facetious are not actually seriously considering forming such posse, because that would be a slap in the face from this family from Minsk.
Response 2: You told me about that. That was an exciting time.
A: Response 1
****
Q: Prompt: I'm worried. I have a family and you've had me hold these knives all day. If I slip, this knife is going to go straight into my throat.
Response 1: Or, it could go straight into his throat.
Response 2: Maybe not, but I feel like I've got some good questions about life and stuff.
A: | Response 1
****
| NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
Q: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: Ships rely on active defense for protection.
Sentence2: poisonous darts are used for protection by sea anemones.
A: | protection | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Example: story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
New input case for you: story: Two boxers were fighting in the ring on fight night. The less experienced fighter had trouble landing punches. During the 3rd round, the less experienced fighter was knocked down. After getting back up, the boxer began learning from his mistakes. By the end of the night, the less experienced boxer won the fight.
selected sentence: After getting back up, the boxer began learning from his mistakes.
Output: | The fighter gets knocked down >Causes/Enables> The fighter gets up | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
DI Anna Travis: When you were there , did you see a toy rabbit ?
Scott Myers: She certainly fucked like _ one _ .
| REFERENCE rabbit | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
Instructions: "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Input: Prompt: Do you have The Chosen Wife on DVD or Blu-Ray. That sounds like a movie.
Response 1: Do you mean The Rich Man's Wife? The Rich Man's Wife we have.
Response 2: What do we do with it? Does it get us high and alter our consciousness?
Output: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Ex Input:
story: Dave had to take a train to his grandma's house. This was his first time. He kept asking people for help and directions. He made everything on time. He met up with his grandma.
selected sentence: He met up with his grandma.
Ex Output:
Dave takes a train to his grandma's house >Causes/Enables> Dave meets up with his grandma
Ex Input:
story: My mom Davey is 92 and in good health. She has always been very careful what she says around people. She has lost her filter and now says what is on her mind. She tells me that I am overweight and that my son is heavy. These hurt but I know she is getting older and says what she want.
selected sentence: These hurt but I know she is getting older and says what she want.
Ex Output:
My mom tells me that I am over weight >Causes/Enables> This hurts
Ex Input:
story: Two boxers were fighting in the ring on fight night. The less experienced fighter had trouble landing punches. During the 3rd round, the less experienced fighter was knocked down. After getting back up, the boxer began learning from his mistakes. By the end of the night, the less experienced boxer won the fight.
selected sentence: After getting back up, the boxer began learning from his mistakes.
Ex Output:
| The fighter gets knocked down >Causes/Enables> The fighter gets up
| NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: There is no service in the winter. Choices: 1. The service is free and is government subsidized. 2. There isn't a winter service. 3. There's a service every winter.
Output: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Let me give you an example: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
The answer to this example can be: 3
Here is why: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.
OK. solve this:
Statement: Miraculously the cathedral escaped unharmed from the heavy air raids of World War II. Choices: 1. The cathedral was damaged from the air assaults in World War II. 2. Given the substantial air assaults of World War II, it's a miracle the cathedral wasn't damaged. 3. War causes heavy damage and air raids.
Answer: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
PROBLEM: Statement: but get up during every commercial and things like that and you'd be surprised at how much just that little bit adds up you know just gives you a little more activity so Choices: 1. You won't get any significant exercise by moving around during commercial breaks. 2. Small activities, like getting up during commercial breaks, add up. 3. Doctors recommend moving around during commercial breaks.
SOLUTION: 1
PROBLEM: Statement: It would be sheer folly for such a company to invent preposterous lies and spins and feed them to the nation's most prominent publications. Choices: 1. The company's bet route of action would be to make up a bunch of lies. 2. It wouldn't be smart for a company to produce a bunch of lies. 3. Producing a bunch of lies would cost the company loyal customers.
SOLUTION: 1
PROBLEM: Statement: Miraculously the cathedral escaped unharmed from the heavy air raids of World War II. Choices: 1. The cathedral was damaged from the air assaults in World War II. 2. Given the substantial air assaults of World War II, it's a miracle the cathedral wasn't damaged. 3. War causes heavy damage and air raids.
SOLUTION: | 1
| NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Q: Mrs. Ari: Tell me that I will be pretty , as pretty as the day I left the show .
Ari Gold: Well , you left the show when you were _ 25 _ and now they shoot everything in hi - def .
A: | AGE | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Rep. Elijah Cummings: President Trump should be focused on investigating voter suppression instead of voter fraud CNN Politics (@CNNPolitics) January 27, 2017 Question: what should president trump be focused on instead of voter fraud? Answer: investigating voter suppression | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Example input: Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Example output: yes
Example explanation: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
Q: Context: While Ryan speaks, Biden looks like he's trying to order a drink at the bar and the bartender is ignoring him. #vpdebate— kelly oxford (@kellyoxford) October 12, 2012 Question: what is the tweeter watching? Answer: the vice presidential debate
A: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Example Input: Context: Call your parents. Pay women equally. Behold the glory. Stay weird, gay kids. The #oscars are more interesting than ever.— Damian Holbrook (@damianholbrook) February 23, 2015 Question: how should women be paid? Answer: equally
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Context: Very excited to welcome our next host: @Trevornoah! That's right - another guy in late night from Soweto. The Daily Show (@TheDailyShow) March 30, 2015 Question: where is trevor noah from? Answer: soweto.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Context: While Ryan speaks, Biden looks like he's trying to order a drink at the bar and the bartender is ignoring him. #vpdebate— kelly oxford (@kellyoxford) October 12, 2012 Question: what is the tweeter watching? Answer: the vice presidential debate
Example Output: | yes
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Q: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Says that in 41 states, government workers are better paid than the taxpayers who support them.
A: | state-budget | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Example: Context word: upset.
Question: PersonX yelled at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Answer: PersonX.
Example solution: PersonX comforted at PersonY because _ was so upset about the news.
Example explanation: On replacing the trigger word "yelled" with its antonym "comforted", the answer flips to PersonY which is as per the given instruction. So, this is a valid question.
Problem: Context Word: paper.
Question: PersonX wrote on the paper with a pencil unlike PersonY who wrote with a pen, because _ wanted to erase it later.
Answer: PersonX
| Solution: PersonX wrote on the paper with a pencil unlike PersonY who wrote with a pen, because _ wanted to keep it for later. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
[Q]: Context Word: home.
Question: PersonX has recently bought home from PersonY and needs help renting it, because _ is not familiar with the market.
Answer: PersonX
[A]: PersonX has recently bought home from PersonY and needs help renting it, because _ was familiar with the market.
[Q]: Context Word: compliments.
Question: PersonX was fishing for compliments about her new outfit from PersonY since _ was insecure.
Answer: PersonX
[A]: PersonX was fishing for compliments about her new outfit from PersonY since _ was nice.
[Q]: Context Word: paper.
Question: PersonX wrote on the paper with a pencil unlike PersonY who wrote with a pen, because _ wanted to erase it later.
Answer: PersonX
[A]: | PersonX wrote on the paper with a pencil unlike PersonY who wrote with a pen, because _ wanted to keep it for later.
| NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: harming an animal species has a negative impact on the population size of that species.
Sentence2: harming dogs has a negative impact on their population size.
A: | harming | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: "You're born with love, you learn hatred, that was something I learnt that day" - Eto'o on Zaragoza incident #CNNFC CNN Football Club (@CNNFC) March 9, 2015 Question: who was stopped by the cops? Answer: chrisrock
| no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: a plant requires sunlight for photosynthesis.
Sentence2: Plants require nuclear reactions to grow. | plant | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Solution: yes
Reason: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
Now, solve this instance: Context: I'm hoping to stay connected w/ this account as much as poss., but would rather tweet about more meaningful things than not #lessismore— Chelsea Manning (@xychelsea) April 3, 2015 Question: how much is manning hoping to stay connected using the account? Answer: as much as possible
Student: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Input: Consider Input: Context: Really hoping we get Trump this Thursday #Presidentialselfiegirls— (Rad)dison (@_adddy_) July 13, 2015 Question: what is the message for? Answer: congratulations on the new birth
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Context: Greetings Tweetarians! I have just landed on your Planet. This could be my last Tweet.— Jerry Seinfeld (@JerrySeinfeld) July 15, 2011 Question: what nickname does jerry seinfeld give his followers? Answer: tweetarians
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Context: I'm hoping to stay connected w/ this account as much as poss., but would rather tweet about more meaningful things than not #lessismore— Chelsea Manning (@xychelsea) April 3, 2015 Question: how much is manning hoping to stay connected using the account? Answer: as much as possible
| Output: yes
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |