nasa-ibm-ai4science/euv-spectra

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Solar EUV Spectra Modeling Dataset

Dataset Summary

This dataset provides time-aligned Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance spectra from NASA’s SDO/EVE (Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment) instrument. This dataset enables machine learning models to learn from and predict EUV spectral behavior driven by solar dynamics. It addresses the need for high-resolution, calibrated spectral data paired with physics-based contextual input. It is designed for image-to-spectra regression modeling, and includes 1,343-dimensional EUV spectrum spanning ~6.5–33.3 nm (with a 0.02 nm spectral resolution and 12-minute cadence). The dataset covers May 2010 to May 2014 (Solar Cycle 24, from MEGS-A operational period). The primary source of the dataset is the SDO/EVE Level 2b data product which contains 60-second integrations of extracted solar EUV irradiance in selected lines spanning a wide range of solar temperature measured by the MEGS-A and MEGS-B detectors. These observations are downsampled to 12-minute cadence. This dataset particularly contains MEGS-A data. The Level 2b irradiance data are adjusted to 1-AU. Each MEGS-A irradiance observation is represented as a one-dimensional vector with 1,343 bins. These measurements are strictly positive and span a dynamic range of 1e-9 to 1e-1 W/m^2/nm, depending on the feature and flare class. Both quiet-Sun and flare periods are included. The list of wavelengths are provided in euv_wavelengths.csv. The dataset is primarily structured for machine learning experiments with splits designed for consistent training, validation, and testing across available years.

Supported Tasks and Applications

• Regression modeling: Predicting EUV spectra from coronal images (e.g., SDO/AIA)
• Time-series forecasting: Modeling spectral evolution across Solar Cycle 24
• Inverse modeling: Connecting spectral observations to physical parameters (e.g., Differential Emission Measures)
• Space weather applications: Improved EUV proxy models for ionospheric/thermospheric modeling

Data Structure

Data Files

Each dataset split is stored in tabular format (csv). Each row corresponds to a single timestamped spectrum with 12-minute cadence.

• train.csv: Instances from Feb 15 to Dec 31 in each year between 2010–2014
• validation.csv: Instances from Jan 15–31 from years 2012 and 2013
• test.csv: Instances from Jan 15–31 from years 2011 and 2014
• leaky_validation.csv: Instances from Jan 1–14 and Feb 1-14 of each year between 2010–2014

Features

• timestamp: UTC datetime string (ISO 8601 format)
• [intensity columns]*1,343: spectral irradiance (W/m²/nm) at a given wavelength bin (e.g., 7.21)

Dataset Details

Field	Description
Temporal Coverage	May 2010 – May 2014
Data Format	CSV (.csv)
Data Shape	(1, 1343) per instance
Cadence	12 minutes
Data Size	Total 189,344 instances
Total File Size	~3.2GB

Authors

• Shah Mohammad Bahauddin, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder. Shah.Bahauddin@lasp.colorado.edu

License

This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Citation

Woods, T. N., Eparvier, F. G., Hock, R., Jones, A. R., Woodraska, D., Judge, D., ... & Viereck, R. (2012). Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of science objectives, instrument design, data products, and model developments. The solar dynamics observatory, 115-143, doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6

Woodraska, D., & Eparvier, F. G. (2024). Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE): Version 8 science data product Release Notes, LASP / University of Colorado Boulder Technical Document. https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/products/level2b/EVE_L2B_V8_README.pdf