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Central service department: past, present, future.

Medical and nursing practices are changing. The diagnosis and treatment of patient illness are supported by sophisticated medical equipment. With all these new technologies, it is only logical that the role of the central service department must change. The well-planned and well-managed central service department will be based upon recognition by the department head and the hospital administration of (a) the advantages of centralization, (b) the objectives of the department, (c) the functions necessary to fulfill these objectives, and (d) the need for capable and well-trained employees.

['Central Supply, Hospital', 'Education, Continuing', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Sterilization']

[['N02.278.216.500.968.260', 'N04.452.442.452.422.260'], ['I02.358.212'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Effect of 3,3'-di-iodothyronine and 3,5-di-iodothyronine on rat liver mitochondria.

In the present study we report that 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine (T3) as well as two iodothyronines (3,5-di-iodothyronine (3,5-T2) and 3,3'-di-iodothyronine (3,3'-T2)) significantly influence rat liver mitochondrial activity. Liver oxidative capacity (measured as cytochrome oxidase activity/g wet tissue) in hypothyroid compared with normal rats was significantly reduced (21%, P > 0.01) and the administration of T3 and both iodothyronines restored normal values. At the mitochondrial level, treatment with T3 stimulated respiratory activity (state 4 and state 3) and did not influence cytochrome oxidase activity. On the other hand, both the mitochondrial respiratory rate and specific cytochrome oxidase activity significantly increased in hypothyroid animals after treatment with 3,3'-T2 or 3,5-T2 (about 50 and 40% respectively). The actions of both iodothyronines were rapid and evident by 1 h after the injection. The hepatic mitochondrial protein content which decreased in hypothyroid rats (9.6 mg/g liver compared with 14.1 in normal controls, P < 0.05) was restored by T3 injection, while neither T2 was able to restore it. Our results suggest that T3 and both iodothyronines have different mechanisms of action. T3 acts on both mitochondrial mass and activity; the action on mitochondrial activity was not exerted at the cytochrome oxidase complex level. The action of the iodothyronines, on the other hand, is exerted directly on the cytochrome oxidase complex without any noticeable action on the mitochondrial mass.

['Animals', 'Diiodothyronines', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Triiodothyronine, Reverse']

[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.931.740.180', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.180'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['C19.874.482'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D06.472.931.740.590', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.947']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Crystal structures of two forms of a 14-mer RNA/DNA chimer duplex with double UU bulges: a novel intramolecular U*(A x U) base triple.

The RNA/DNA 14-mer, (gguauuucgguaCc)2 with consecutive uridine bulges (underlined) on each strand has been determined in two crystal forms, spermine bound (Sp-form) and spermine free (Sp-free). The former was solved by the MAD method with three-wavelength data collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); the later isomorphous structure was solved by the molecular replacement method using data collected on our Raxis IIc imaging plate system. The two crystal forms belong to the space group C2 with one molecule of double-stranded 14 mer in the asymmetric unit. The Sp-form has cell constants, a = 60.06, b = 29.10, c = 52.57 A, beta = 120.79 degrees and was refined to 1.7 A resolution with a final Rwork/Rfree of 19.8%/22.7% using 8,549 independent reflections. The Sp-free structure has cell constants, a = 60.06, b = 29.58, c = 52.50 A, beta = 120.85 degrees and was refined to 1.8 A with a final Rwork/ Rfree of 20.8%/23.2% using 6,285 unique reflections. The two structures are identical, except that the Sp-form has a spermine bound in the major groove, parallel to the RNA helical axis. One of the uridine bulges forms a novel intramolecular U*(A x U) base triple. The helices are in the C3'-endo conformation (A-form), but the bulges adopt the C2'-endo sugar pucker. Furthermore, the bulges induce a kink (30 degrees) in the helix axis and a very large twist (55 degrees) between the base pairs flanking the bulges. The Sp-form has one Mg2+ ion whereas the Sp-free form has two Mg2+ ions.

['Chimera', 'Crystallography', 'DNA', 'Ligands', 'Magnesium', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes', 'RNA', 'Spermine']

[['B05.200'], ['E05.196.309', 'H01.181.529.240'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.500'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Correlation of metabolic syndrome clinical signs and genetic determinants at children with obese].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the work was to study the clinical and genetic factors at children with obese that predispose to the development of MS, and the development of algorithm for generating risk of MS.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two comparable age and sex groups of children--148 children with obesity and 46--with normal body weight. We assessed anthropometric indices, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism, the level of uric acid. 83 children with obesity were genotyped for polymorphisms: I/D gene ACE, G-75A ApoA1, S19W ApoA5, Sstl ApoC3, E2/E3/E4 ApoE and W/R ADRB3.RESULTS: 98,0% of children had abdominal obesity. In 35,8% was identified high blood pressure. In 47,4% was diagnosed hypo-alpha cholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). In 21,0% of children was identified hyperglycemia. 25,7%were suffered from hyperuricemia. Among the genotyped children 57,0% of homo-and heterozygous carriers of D allele ACE gene had high blood pressure. More than half of the holders of 19W-allele ApoA5 (68,5%),--75A-allele of ApoA1 (56,0%), 52-allele of the gene ApoC3 (53,0%), E4-ApoE gene (85,7%), in the heterozygous state had metabolic TG and/or HDL. In 60,3% of the carriers W/W genotype of ADRB3 gene revealed a combination of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia and/or TG.CONCLUSION: As a result of, aiming aimed at early detection of the major manifestations of MS clinical and genetic study was revealed stable combination of constitutional, metabolic and molecular-genetic factors. Based on these data was developed algorithm for forming groups at risk of MS and individual tactics to prevent and/or therapy.

['Adolescent', 'Alleles', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Apolipoprotein A-V', 'Apolipoproteins A', 'Apolipoproteins C', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Child', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']

[['M01.060.057'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D10.532.091.200.100', 'D12.776.070.400.200.100', 'D12.776.521.120.200.100'], ['D10.532.091.200.575', 'D12.776.070.400.200.575', 'D12.776.521.120.200.575'], ['D10.532.091.200', 'D12.776.070.400.200', 'D12.776.521.120.200'], ['D10.532.091.400', 'D12.776.070.400.400', 'D12.776.521.120.400'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['C18.654.726.500.615', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.249', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.249'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['G05.365.795']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Analysis on the application of three methods for malaria diagnosis].

Objective: To test the usage of microscopic examination, antigen detection(rapid dignostic test, RDT) and nucleic acid test(PCR) for detection of malaria cases.Methods: The blood test results for malaria and suspected malaria cases during 2012-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Taking the confirmed cases as a gold standard, the three methods were compared in aspects of diagnosis indices, specificity of identification species, and cost effectiveness.Results: A total of 212 samples were included, each analyzed with the three methods. Based on the results of the three tests, 167(78.8%) were determined to be positive for malaria, and 45 negative (21.2%). Of the positive samples, 120(71.9%) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum,22(13.2%) with P. vivax,17(10.2%) with P. ovale, 6 (3.6%) with P. malariae, and 2(1.2%) with mixed infections. The method of PCR had the highest diagnostic efficiency (96.2%,204/212), followed by RDT (93.2%,192/206; P > 0.05 vs. PCR) and the microscopic method (88.2%,187/212; P < 0.05 vs. RDT and PCR). Similarly, the PCR method had the highest overall coincidence rate to the confirmed cases (95.3%,202/212), followed by RDT (93.2%,192/206) and microscopy (88.2%,187/212; P < 0.05 vs. PCR). As to the identification specificity among species, the PCR method(95.6%, 43/45) was superior to microscopy (91.1%, 41/45; P > 0.05 vs. PCR) and RDT (68.9%, 31/45; P < 0.05 vs. PCR). As to the identification of a particular species (P. falciparum), RDT performed best (100%,116/116), followed by PCR (93.3%,112/120) and microscopy (84.2%,101/120). Based on the comprehensive evaluation on 14 indicators including if it is a diagnostic criterion, equipment and technical requirement, diagnostic performance, time cost, and the need of technical training and promotion, we found that the RDT method had the highest score(37 of 42), while microscopy and PCR were scored 26 and 27, respectively.Conclusion: Under the falciparum malaria-dominated epidemiological situation, PCR and RDT show a higher detection efficiency, PCR and microscopy perform better in species identification, and RDT has the highest cost-effectiveness.

['Coinfection', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Microscopy', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Retrospective Studies']

[['C01.218'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']

Risk factors and survival outcome in cerebral metastatic breast cancer.

The development of brain metastases (BM) of primary breast cancer patients leads to limited survival. HER2-positive and triple-negative status are risk factors for the development of BM. Estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/HER2 are important prognostic markers and are essential for effective treatment decisions. We retrospectively analyzed the impact of known risk factors and the outcome after the development of BM. Eighty consecutive patients, treated between January 1, 2001, and June 30, 2012, on the basis of primary non-metastatic operable breast cancer and who developed BM, were enrolled. Clinical parameters (TNM; ER, PR, HER2) and their impact on the occurrence of BM and additionally their prognostic influence after the occurrence of BM were investigated. A small tumor size, ductal histology, grade 3, hormone receptor-negative, triple-negative and HER2+ tumors were associated with BM. Median time from breast cancer diagnosis to BM was 35 months (range 26.2-43.8). Grade 3 versus 2 has significantly negative prognostic impact with earlier development of BM (median 23 vs. 41 months; p=0.033). HER2-positive patients had significantly longer survival after the occurrence of BM than HER2-negative patients (p=0.009). The risk of BM varies significantly by subtype. In high-risk patients, the occurrence of BM must be considered, and possibly, general screening in these patients is warranted. The survival advantage of HER2-positive breast cancer patients compared with HER2-negative patients after the occurrence of BM is possibly explainable by systemic control of disease. Standard of care for patients with BM is whole-brain radiotherapy, with/without surgery, or stereotactic radiosurgery. Perhaps novel therapies may additionally improve survival in these patients.

['Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Lobular', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate']

[['C04.557.470.200.025.075', 'C04.557.470.590.075'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.305', 'C04.557.470.615.305', 'C04.588.180.437', 'C17.800.090.500.437'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Recognition masking-level differences for 10 CID W-1 spondaic words.

Psychometric functions for the S omicron N omicron and S pi N omicron conditions and masking level differences were obtained for a subgroup of 10 words having the largest masking-level differences of 36 CID W-1 spondaic words. The mean masking-level difference obtained from 36 young normal adults was 9.4 dB with a standard deviation of 1.2 dB. The smallest masking-level difference of 7.4 dB was suggested as the low cut-off for normalcy. A shorter version of the masking-level difference procedure was suggested for clinical implementation. The subgroup of 10 words may permit a wider separation between normal and abnormal performance, and thus may enhance the clinical utility of the masking-level difference task for speech recognition. Because the magnitude of the masking-level difference will vary with the materials and procedures used, each clinic must establish its own norms.

['Adult', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Humans', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Psychometrics', 'Reference Values', 'Speech Discrimination Tests']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.060.750']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

3D printing of hydrogel scaffolds for future application in photothermal therapy of breast cancer and tissue repair.

Surgical removal remains the main clinical approach to treat breast cancer, although risks including high local recurrence of cancer and loss of breast tissues are the threats for the survival and quality of life of patients after surgery. In this study, bifunctional scaffold based on dopamine-modified alginate and polydopamine (PDA) was fabricated using 3D printing with an aim to treat breast cancer and fill the cavity, thereby achieving tissue repair. The as-prepared alginate-polydopamine (Alg-PDA) scaffold exhibited favorable photothermal effect both in vitro and in vivo upon 808 nm laser irradiation. Further, the Alg-PDA scaffold showed great flexibility and similar modulus with normal breast tissues and facilitated the adhesion and proliferation of normal breast epithelial cells. Moreover, the in vivo performance of the Alg-PDA scaffold could be tracked by magnetic resonance and photoacoustic dual-modality imaging. The scaffold that was fabricated using simple and biocompatible materials with individual-designed structure and macropores, as well as outstanding photothermal effect and enhanced cell proliferation ability, might be a potential option for breast cancer treatment and tissue repair after surgery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, a three-dimensional porous scaffold was developed using 3D printing for the treatment of local recurrence of breast cancer and the following tissue repair after surgery. In this approach, easily available materials (dopamine-modified alginate and PDA) with excellent biocompatibility were selected and prepared as printing inks. The fabricated scaffold showed effective photothermal effects for cancer therapy, as well as matched mechanical properties with breast tissues. Furthermore, the scaffold supported attachment and proliferation of normal breast cells, which indicates its potential ability for adipose tissue repair. Together, the 3D-printed scaffold might be a promising option for the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer cells and the following tissue repair after surgery.

['Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Compressive Strength', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Hemolysis', 'Humans', 'Hydrogels', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Mice', 'Phototherapy', 'Printing, Three-Dimensional', 'Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'Tumor Burden', 'Wound Healing']

[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G01.374.180'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['A11.436'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['E02.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E02.774'], ['J01.897.564', 'L01.224.108.150.500', 'L01.296.110.150.500'], ['E05.196.867.519.775'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['E05.041.124.892'], ['G16.762.891']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']

Circulating metabolite predictors of glycemia in middle-aged men and women.

OBJECTIVE: Metabolite predictors of deteriorating glucose tolerance may elucidate the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We investigated associations of circulating metabolites from high-throughput profiling with fasting and postload glycemia cross-sectionally and prospectively on the population level.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance was assessed in two Finnish, population-based studies consisting of 1,873 individuals (mean age 52 years, 58% women) and reexamined after 6.5 years for 618 individuals in one of the cohorts. Metabolites were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy from fasting serum samples. Associations were studied by linear regression models adjusted for established risk factors.RESULTS: Nineteen circulating metabolites, including amino acids, gluconeogenic substrates, and fatty acid measures, were cross-sectionally associated with fasting and/or postload glucose (P < 0.001). Among these metabolic intermediates, branched-chain amino acids, phenylalanine, and á1-acid glycoprotein were predictors of both fasting and 2-h glucose at 6.5-year follow-up (P < 0.05), whereas alanine, lactate, pyruvate, and tyrosine were uniquely associated with 6.5-year postload glucose (P = 0.003-0.04). None of the fatty acid measures were prospectively associated with glycemia. Changes in fatty acid concentrations were associated with changes in fasting and postload glycemia during follow-up; however, changes in branched-chain amino acids did not follow glucose dynamics, and gluconeogenic substrates only paralleled changes in fasting glucose.CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism precede hyperglycemia in the general population. Further, alanine, lactate, and pyruvate were predictive of postchallenge glucose exclusively. These gluconeogenic precursors are potential markers of long-term impaired insulin sensitivity that may relate to attenuated glucose tolerance later in life.

['Alanine', 'Amino Acids, Branched-Chain', 'Blood Glucose', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orosomucoid', 'Phenylalanine', 'Pyruvic Acid', 'Tyrosine']

[['D12.125.042'], ['D12.125.070'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.124.050.600', 'D12.776.124.790.106.640', 'D12.776.377.715.085.640', 'D12.776.395.560.742'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['D02.241.755.812.800'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Effect of thyroxine on experimental bronchospasm in guinea pigs.

Effect of Thyroxine was studied in histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs. Chronic treatment with the drug significantly protected against experimental bronchospasm. Thyroxine also potentiated salbutamol evoked bronchodilation in this experimental model. Up-regulation of beta-2 adrenoceptors in bronchial smooth muscle may be the probable mechanism of action of thyroxine.

['Albuterol', 'Animals', 'Bronchial Spasm', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Histamine', 'Male', 'Thyroxine']

[['D02.033.100.291.057', 'D02.092.063.291.057', 'D02.092.471.683.061'], ['B01.050'], ['C08.127.321'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Inhibition of bladder tumor cell implantation in cauterized urothelium, without inhibition of healing, by a fibronectin-related peptide (GRGDS).

BACKGROUND: Local recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURB) is common and might be diminished if free tumor cells within the bladder are prevented from reattaching.METHODS: In vitro inhibition of murine bladder tumor cells to an approximation of urothelial matrix with agents that might block attachment to components of the extracellular matrix, and in vivo inhibition of attachment in cautery-injured murine bladder.RESULTS: GRGDS, (0.1-2.5 mg/ml), a fibronectin-related peptide, mannose-6-phosphate, (0.1-20 mg/ml), a carbohydrate, and heparin (1-625 units/ml) all inhibited attachment in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. YIGSR (0.1-2 mg/ml), a laminin-related peptide, did not. Mannose (10 mg/ml) did not significantly inhibit attachment of tumor cells to cauterized urothelium in vivo, whereas there was a 77% reduction of attachment in bladders irrigated with GRGDS (6.25 mg/ml) (p < 0.05), and the appearance of subsequent tumors in the bladder was inhibited. Finally, GRGDS (6.25 mg/ml) did not inhibit healing of the cautery ulcer.CONCLUSIONS: RGD-containing peptides may be useful as adjuvant therapy to decrease local recurrence after TURB and perhaps in other circumstances in which tumor cells spilled into a wound or body cavity threaten surgical success.

['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cautery', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Epithelium', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Heparin', 'Mannose', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Oligopeptides', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Wound Healing']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.154', 'E04.014.170'], ['G04.022'], ['A10.272'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.624'], ['D12.644.456'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['G16.762.891']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Telephone-linked care for physical activity: a qualitative evaluation of the use patterns of an information technology program for patients.

Automated health behavior interventions that involve discretionary use by patients or consumers over extended periods of time are becoming more common and it is generally assumed that adherence to the recommended schedule is related to the impact of the system on users. Yet reasons for use or non-use of such systems have not been carefully explored. An understanding of factors that influence people to use, not use, or underutilize these automated behavioral change and self-care management systems can help in designing systems that are more effective and acceptable to users. Using qualitative research methods, this study explored the experiences of 45 users of a multiple-contact health promotion application with the goal of understanding the major factors that affect patterns of use (frequency of and duration of contact). The in-depth exploration of users' perceptions and views made possible by the qualitative research methods revealed a number of important themes. Reported reasons for underutilization or non-use were found to be both user-related and system-related. User-related reasons encompassed personal and individual events that prevented or impeded system utilization. System-related reasons included those that related to the medium itself as well as the content of the application. The qualitative methods employed in this study created a forum through which users' feedback could be fully explored and then synthesized to assist in the improvement of this and other automated health behavior interventions.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude to Health', 'Biomedical Technology', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Activity', 'Patient Compliance', 'Telemedicine', 'Therapy, Computer-Assisted', 'United States']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['J01.897.120.050'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['E02.950', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Bilateral intracerebellar calcification associated with cerebellar hematoma. Case report.

A case of bilateral intracerebellar calcificaiton associated with cerebellar hematoma on the left side is reported. Clinical and microscopic examination failed to clarify the causes of calcification and hematoma. It is postulated that hemorrhage occurred from time to time through the fragile calcified vessel walls, since some portions of the organized hematoma were composed of massive erythrocytes.

['Adult', 'Calcinosis', 'Cerebellar Diseases', 'Female', 'Hematoma', 'Humans']

[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['C10.228.140.252'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Examining the impact of mixing child molesters and rapists in group-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for sexual offenders.

This study examines the relationship between recidivism rates, therapeutic climate, and composition of offenders in group-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for sexual offenders. The Group Environment Scale (GES) is employed to measure social climate. The GES is administered to 73 male sexual offenders in groups of those who only victimized adults or children (five groups) or men who both victimized adults and those who victimized children (five groups). Group environment is not found to differ significantly as a function of group composition. Group member's ratings on the GES are in the medium to high range, indicating a generally positive group environment. Although the group environment overall does not differ between groups, groups do differ significantly in terms of expressiveness. There are no differences in recidivism rates between groups as a function of group composition. The results are discussed in the light of mixing child molesters and rapists in group-based CBT.

['Adult', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Group Structure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Pedophilia', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychotherapy, Group', 'Rape', 'Secondary Prevention']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['F01.829.316.274'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['F03.657.600'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F04.754.864.581'], ['I01.198.240.748.640', 'I01.198.240.856.744', 'I01.880.735.900.772'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

RECK is not an independent prognostic marker for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The REversion-inducing Cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motif (RECK) is a well-known inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cellular invasion. Although high expression levels of RECK have already been correlated with a better clinical outcome for several tumor types, its main function, as well as its potential prognostic value for breast cancer patients, remain unclear.METHODS: The RECK expression profile was investigated in a panel of human breast cell lines with distinct aggressiveness potential. RECK functional analysis was undertaken using RNA interference methodology. RECK protein levels were also analyzed in 1040 cases of breast cancer using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays (TMAs). The association between RECK expression and different clinico-pathological parameters, as well as the overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival rates, were evaluated.RESULTS: Higher RECK protein expression levels were detected in more aggressive breast cancer cell lines (T4-2, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T) than in non-invasive (MCF-7 and T47D) and non-tumorigenic (S1) cell lines. Indeed, silencing RECK in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in elevated levels of pro-MMP-9 and increased invasion compared with scrambled (control) cells, without any effect on cell proliferation. Surprisingly, by RECK immunoreactivity analysis on TMAs, we found no association between RECK positivity and survival (OS and DFS) in breast cancer patients. Even considering the different tumor subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, Her2 type and basal-like) or lymph node status, RECK remained ineffective for predicting the disease outcome. Moreover, by multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found that RECK has no prognostic impact for OS and DFS, relative to standard clinical variables.CONCLUSIONS: Although it continues to serve as an invasion and MMP inhibitor in breast cancer, RECK expression analysis is not useful for prognosis of these patients.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'Tumor Burden']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.041.124.892']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

An activity therapy group with children in an in-patient psychiatric setting.

This article describes a short-term activity discussion therapy group for severely disturbed children in an inpatient psychiatric unit. Major themes of the sessions are reported as well as clinical vignettes that assist in clarifying techniques and demonstrating the efficacy of these techniques. Co-leaders include a resident psychiatrist, a nurse, and a mental health worker; supervision is provided by a social worker. The group described is on-going at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center (Westchester Division) in the inpatient children's psychiatric unit. In summary, staff report that group members tolerate group activities better and exhibit more socially acceptable interactions.

['Anger', 'Anxiety, Separation', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Psychotherapy, Group', 'Psychotherapy, Multiple', 'Self Disclosure', 'Social Conditions']

[['F01.470.093'], ['F03.080.300', 'F03.625.047'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F04.754.864.581'], ['F04.754.766'], ['F01.752.747.792.662'], ['I01.880.853.450', 'N01.824.827']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']

Multiple nuclear localization sequences allow modulation of 5-lipoxygenase nuclear import.

The nuclear import of proteins typically requires the presence of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Some proteins have more than one NLS, but the significance of having multiple NLSs is unclear. The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) has three NLSs that, unlike the tight cluster of basic residues of the classical SV40 large T antigen NLS, contain dispersed basic residues. When attached to green fluorescent protein (GFP), individual 5-LO NLSs caused quantitatively and statistically less import than the SV40 NLS. Combined 5-LO NLSs produced nuclear import that was comparable to that of the SV40 NLS. As expected, GFP/NLS proteins displayed relatively uniform import in all cells. However, a fusion protein of GFP plus the 5-LO protein, modified to contain only one functional NLS, produced some cells with import and some cells without import. A GFP/5-LO fusion protein containing two functional NLSs produced four identifiable levels of nuclear import. Quantitative and visual analysis of a population of cells expressing the intact GFP/5-LO protein, with three intact NLSs, indicated five levels of nuclear import. This suggested that the subcellular distribution of 5-LO may vary widely in normal cells of the body. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical staining of lung sections found that individual macrophages, in situ, displayed cell-specific levels of import of 5-LO. Since nuclear accumulation is known to affect 5-LO activity, multiple NLSs may allow graded regulation of activity via controlled import. Multiple NLSs on other proteins may likewise allow fine control of protein action through modulation of the level of import.

['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Animals', 'Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lung', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Nuclear Localization Signals', 'Plasmids', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Time Factors']

[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.583.500.055', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.500.020'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A04.411'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['D12.644.770.610', 'G02.111.570.060.670.610'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Subunit interaction in B19 parvovirus empty capsids.

B19 parvovirus is a small single-stranded DNA virus with a genome that encodes only two structural proteins, designated VP1 and VP2. 60 copies of the structural proteins assemble into the viral capsid, with approximately 95% VP2 and 5% VP1. Recombinant empty capsids composed of VP2 alone or of VP2 and VP1 self-assemble into particles that are morphologically indistinguishable from full virions. Empty capsids containing both VP2 and VP1 elicit a strong neutralizing antibody response when used to immunize rabbits. Capsids containing only VP2 are similarly antigenic but elicit only weak neutralizing activity. We performed fine structure epitope mapping by measuring the reactivity of antisera raised against capsids composed of VP2 and VP1 or VP2 alone against 85 overlapping peptides spanning the sequence of the two structural proteins. A profile of the antigenic difference between empty capsids with and without VP1 was produced from the resulting data. This profile divided the sequence of the structural proteins into four regions that correlated well with expected viral structures. Thus, the addition of a small number of VP1 residues altered the antigenicity of the entire capsid. The major area of enhanced antigenicity is homologous to the spike of canine parvovirus, an area known to contain both neutralizing and host-range determinants. Our data are consistent with a model in which the unique region of VP1 is necessary for the virus to assume its mature capsid conformation.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Capsid', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Epitopes', 'Immune Sera', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Parvovirus B19, Human', 'Rabbits']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['D23.050.550'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['B04.280.580.650.200.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Administration of exogenous testosterone in the adult rat and its effects on reproductive organs, sex hormones and body-weight.

The present experiment was performed to observe the effects produced by high dose of a testosterone ester on the reproductive organ and body weight changes in the adult rat, and to correlate these effects with the serum hormone changes. The present study has used the benzoate ester of testosterone (Testosterone benzoate, TB) in the adult male rat (300-350 g). The aim was to co-relate the reproductive organ and body-weight changes with changes in the serum hormone levels following the administration of the ester. TB was injected i.p. for five (5) consecutive days at a dose of 100 mg/kg body-weight. The control rats were injected with vehicle (arachis oil) at the same dose. The rats were killed on the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 36th days. Controls for only the 6th and 36th days were kept. Reproductive organ weight, body-weight and testosterone (T) levels in serum and testis together with serum FSH and serum LH levels were observed. The testes weights remained similar (p < 0.05) to those in the control rats until the 18th days and were reduced on the 36th day. The epididymis weights were not changed until the 36th days, while the androgen-dependent seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights were increased (< 0.05) compared to those in the control rats. The body-weights remained unchanged at the 6th day but were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased on the 36th day. The serum testosterone (ST) concentrations were highly raised on the 6th day, came at the control level on the 18th day and were significantly decreased (< 0.05) on the 36th day. The testicular testosterone (TT) content remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) from the 6th to the 36th days post-injection. The serum LH and FSH levels also remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) throughout the treatment period. It appears that the elevated serum T levels exerted dual effect in the adult rats, namely, enhanced growth of the androgen-dependent organs and an inhibition over the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis. Inhibition of the said axis was evident by the lower levels of the serum LH and FSH; probably due to this, the TT-content remained all through lower, and perhaps this low TT-content for the long period had led to the low testis weights (p < 0.05) on the 36th day. This experiment therefore, demonstrates the effects of exogenous androgen administration in the adult male rat physiology.

['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Genitalia, Male', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Testosterone']

[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A05.360.444'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Sterol carrier protein-2 deficiency attenuates diet-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice.

Intracellular cholesterol transport proteins move cholesterol to different subcellular compartments and thereby regulate its final metabolic fate. In hepatocytes, for example, delivery of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated cholesterol for bile acid synthesis or secretion into bile facilitates cholesterol elimination from the body (anti-atherogenic effect), whereas delivery for esterification and subsequent incorporation into apolipoprotein B-containing atherogenic lipoproteins (e.g. very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)) enhances cholesterol secretion into the systemic circulation (pro-atherogenic effect). Intracellular cholesterol transport proteins such as sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2) should, therefore, play a role in regulating these pro- or anti-atherosclerotic processes. Here, we sought to evaluate the effects of SCP2 deficiency on the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis. We generated LDLR-/- mice deficient in SCP2/SCPx (LS) and examined the effects of this deficiency on Western diet-induced atherosclerosis. SCP2/SCPx deficiency attenuated atherosclerosis in LS mice by >80% and significantly reduced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Investigation of the likely underlying mechanisms revealed a significant reduction in intestinal cholesterol absorption (given as an oral gavage) in SCP2/SCPx-deficient mice. Consistently, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SCP2 in intestinal cells significantly reduced cholesterol uptake. Furthermore, hepatic triglyceride/VLDL secretion from the liver or hepatocytes isolated from SCP2/SCPx-deficient mice was significantly reduced. These results indicate an important regulatory role for SCP2 deficiency in attenuating diet-induced atherosclerosis by limiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and decreasing hepatic triglyceride/VLDL secretion. These findings suggest targeted inhibition of SCP2 as a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce Western diet-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.

['Animals', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cholesterol', 'Diet, Western', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Female', 'Gene Deletion', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Lipoproteins, VLDL', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Triglycerides']

[['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G07.203.650.240.310'], ['C18.452.584.500'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['D10.532.599', 'D12.776.521.622'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D10.351.801']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Diffusion as a probe of the heterogeneity of antimicrobial peptide-membrane interactions.

Many antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) function by forming various oligomeric structures and/or pores upon binding to bacterial membranes. Because such peptide aggregates are capable of inducing membrane thinning and membrane permeabilization, we expected that AMP binding would also affect the diffusivity or mobility of the lipid molecules in the membrane. Herein, we show that measurements of the diffusion times of individual lipids through a confocal volume via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) provide a sensitive means of probing the underlying AMP-membrane interactions. In particular, results obtained with two well-studied AMPs, magainin 2 and mastoparan X, and two model membranes indicate that this method is capable of revealing structural information, especially the heterogeneity of the peptide-membrane system, that is otherwise difficult to obtain using common ensemble methods. Moreover, because of the high sensitivity of FCS, this method allows examination of the effect of AMPs on the membrane structure at very low peptide/lipid ratios.

['1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine', 'Animals', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Diffusion', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Magainins', 'Molecular Probes', 'Organotechnetium Compounds', 'Peptides', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Phosphatidylglycerols', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Unilamellar Liposomes', 'Xenopus Proteins']

[['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800.224'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D12.644.050.500', 'D12.776.543.695.054.500'], ['D27.505.259.750', 'D27.720.470.530'], ['D02.691.825'], ['D12.644'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.885'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D25.479.517.500', 'J01.637.051.479.517.500', 'J01.637.087.500.517.500'], ['D12.776.045.500']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Medical abortion using methotrexate and misoprostol. Efficacy and tolerability].

UNLABELLED: Medical abortion means interruption of early pregnancy (usually before 9-th gestational week) as a result of administration of abortifacient drugs without surgical intervention.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of methotrexate plus misoprostol regimen as a method for early medical abortion < 49 days L.M.P.MATERIAL AND METHOD: 50 mg methotrexate was administered orally to 20 women < 49 days L.M.P. followed by 800 mcg misoprostol vaginal and oral administration 3-7 days after the methotrexate.RESULTS: 19 Successful medical abortions (95%). One woman chose vacuum aspiration for termination of the abortion on day 3 of the induced bleeding. No serious side effects were observed after administration of the drugs.CONCLUSION: Medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol is safe and effective and can be offered to practicing gynecologists.

['Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal', 'Abortion, Induced', 'Administration, Intravaginal', 'Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Methotrexate', 'Misoprostol', 'Pregnancy']

[['D27.505.696.875.131.100', 'D27.505.954.705.131.100'], ['E04.520.050'], ['E02.319.267.120.500'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.500', 'D23.469.700.660.500'], ['G08.686.784.769']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Critical role for lysine 685 in gene expression mediated by transcription factor unphosphorylated STAT3.

STAT3 is a pleiotropic transcription factor that is activated by the phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 in response to many cytokines and growth factors. STAT3 without Tyr-705 phosphorylation (U-STAT3) is also a potent transcription factor, and its concentration in cells increases greatly in response to STAT3 activation because the STAT3 gene can be driven by phosphorylated STAT3 dimers. We have now searched for post-translational modifications of U-STAT3 that might have a critical role in its function. An analysis by mass spectroscopy indicated that U-STAT3 is acetylated on Lys-685, and the integrity of Lys-685 is required for the expression of most U-STAT3-dependent genes. In contrast, we found only a very minor role for Lys-685 in gene expression induced in response to tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3. U-STAT3 plays an important role in angiotensin II-induced gene expression and in the consequent development of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Mutation of Lys-685 inhibits this function of STAT3, providing new information on the role of U-STAT3 in augmenting the development of heart failure.

['Acetylation', 'Angiotensin II', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Cell Line', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lysine', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Transcriptional Activation']

[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G05.308.800']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Effectiveness of topical bevacizumab in bilateral primary lipid keratopathy].

CASE REPORT: A 75-year-old man with bilateral idiopathic lipid keratopathy underwent a penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye. One month later, there was deep corneal neovascularisation extending across the bed and the graft-host interface, with a whitish opacity surrounding the vessels. Topical bevacizumab (25mg/mL) was administered 4 times daily for 2 months with partial regression of corneal neovascularization.DISCUSSION: Topical bevacizumab may be useful in preventing a recurrence of lipid deposition after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with bilateral primary lipid keratopathy, although its long-term efficacy needs to be assessed.

['Administration, Ophthalmic', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Bevacizumab', 'Corneal Neovascularization', 'Corneal Opacity', 'Humans', 'Keratoplasty, Penetrating', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Acoustic', 'Secondary Prevention']

[['E02.319.267.120.805'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['C11.204.290', 'C23.550.589.500.435'], ['C11.204.299'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.225.350', 'E04.540.825.374.350', 'E04.936.580.225.350'], ['D10'], ['E01.370.350.515.370', 'E01.370.350.850.565', 'E05.595.370'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Cervical enamel projection and intermediate bifurcational ridge correlated with molar furcation involvements.

In this study, we investigated the cervical enamel projection (CEP) and intermediate bifurcational ridge (IBR) correlated with localized molar furcation involvement (FI). Study samples consisting of 87 hopeless permanent mandibulars (56 first and 31 second molars), which required extraction for periodontal therapy, were randomly collected from the School's Dental Clinic. The furcal defects, CEPs, and IBRs of molars were diagnosed via clinical probing, periapical radiographs, and inspection of ground tooth sections of extracted teeth with a stereomicroscope. Prevalence and distribution of molars with CEPs and/or IBRs were also analyzed. Probing depths (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PLI) were measured for the buccal and lingual surfaces of molar furcal areas. Moreover, the relationships between the molar FI with and without CEPs and IBRs and periodontal status were analyzed using Student's paired t-test. Based on those results, we can conclude the following: 1) among 87 molars with FIs examined, 63.2% (55/87) had cervical enamel projections and bifurcational ridges, and the prevalence was greatest in mandibular first (67.9%, 38/56) and second (54.8%, 17/31) molars; and 2) the differences in mean PD, CAL, PLI, and GI between the molars with and without CEPs and IBRs were highly significant (P < 0.001) in the mandibular first and second molars.

['Coloring Agents', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Plaque Index', 'Female', 'Furcation Defects', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Methylene Blue', 'Molar', 'Periodontal Attachment Loss', 'Periodontal Index', 'Periodontal Pocket', 'Periodontics', 'Periodontitis', 'Prevalence', 'Probability', 'Radiography', 'Sex Factors', 'Tooth Cervix', 'Tooth Extraction']

[['D27.720.233'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.300', 'E06.208.250', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.325', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.300', 'N06.890.160.090'], ['C07.465.714.204'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['C07.465.714.354.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.725', 'E06.208.720', 'E06.721.658', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.690', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.725', 'N06.890.160.215'], ['C07.465.714.533.750'], ['E06.721', 'H02.163.876.623'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['A14.549.167.900.700'], ['E04.545.700', 'E06.645.700']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Antipeptide antibodies to two distinct regions of the androgen receptor localize the receptor protein to the nuclei of target cells in the rat and human prostate.

We have developed polyclonal antibodies to two synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino-(N-)terminal or carboxyl-(C-)terminal segments of the human androgen receptor (hAR) protein, as deduced from the nucleic acid sequence of the androgen receptor cDNA. Immunoreactive antisera were identified by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and purified by peptide affinity chromatography. Specific immunoreactivity with the hAR was confirmed by immunoblotting, using both a fusion protein produced in E. coli that contains the C-terminal 880-amino acid sequence of hAR and the full-length receptor protein produced in COS cells after transfection with a plasmid containing the entire hAR-coding region. Immunohistological evaluation of rat and human prostatic tissue using anti-C-terminal or anti-N-terminal antibodies demonstrated similar patterns of specific staining of the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells. Castration resulted in a decrease in the amount of nuclear AR detected in the rat prostate after a short time of exposure to anti-C-terminal antibodies (less than 4 h), but did not alter the level of specific staining obtained with anti-N-terminal antibodies. This decrease in nuclear staining using anti-C-terminal antibodies could be reversed by treating castrated animals with dihydrotestosterone. When longer times of exposure to the primary antibodies were used, high levels of nuclear staining were obtained with both types of antibodies in prostate specimens from castrate as well as as intact rats. This immunohistochemical staining pattern contrasts with receptor measurements in rat prostate homogenates that indicate the partition of AR binding into the low salt (cytosolic) fraction in the castrate animal and into the high salt (nuclear) fraction in the intact animal. Our results suggest that the AR is predominantly a nuclear protein even in the absence of ligand and that dihydrotestosterone serves to tighten its association with the nucleus. These data also suggest that the immunoreactivity of anti-C-terminal antibodies is influenced by the presence of dihydrotestosterone, presumably via an alteration in the physical state of the receptor protein.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cytosol', 'DNA', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Orchiectomy', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Prostate', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transfection']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E04.270.282.679', 'E04.950.165.679', 'E04.950.774.860.618'], ['D12.644.541'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

C1q receptor on murine cells.

Different cells and cell lines of murine origin were tested for their capacity to bind the C subcomponent C1q by using biotinylated human C1q and streptavidin-FITC. Cytofluorometric analysis of splenocytes and thymocytes shows that the majority of C1q-reactive cells reside in the population of B cells and macrophages. There is a significant difference in the C1q-binding capacity of in vitro activated cells; although more than half of the B cell blasts bind the C subcomponent, T cell blasts are virtually negative. It is shown that pre-B lymphomas and cell lines of myeloid origin bind C1q strongly (90 to 98%), whereas in the case of mature B cell lymphomas, plasmocytomas, and the tested T cell lines, the percentage of C1q binding cells varies from 0 to 56. C1q affinity chromatography of the detergent extracts from P388D1 and WEHI-3 cells followed by SDS-PAGE of the eluted proteins under reducing conditions reveals a band at approximately 80 kDa. Analysis of splenocytes shows two additional minor C1q-binding molecules with apparent molecular masses of 50 and 45 kDa, whereas in the case of B cell blasts three bands of similar density are seen at approximately 95, 50 and 45 kDa. C1q-receptors of murine cells are shown to be antigenically related to their human counterpart, because a polyclonal antibody (266A) raised against the human C1q receptor reacts with them.

['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Cross Reactions', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macrophages', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Molecular Weight', 'Monocytes', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Receptors, Complement', 'Spleen', 'Thymus Gland']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['G12.122.281'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D12.776.575'], ['G02.494'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.833'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Chlorpromazine alters cochlear mechanics and amplification: in vivo evidence for a role of stiffness modulation in the organ of corti.

Although prestin-mediated outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility provides mechanical force for sound amplification in the mammalian cochlea, proper OHC stiffness is required to maintain normal electromotility and to transmit mechanical force to the basilar membrane (BM). To investigate the in vivo role of OHC stiffness in cochlear amplification, chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic drug that alters OHC lateral wall biophysics, was infused into the cochleae in living guinea pigs. The effects of CPZ on cochlear amplification and OHC electromotility were observed by measuring the acoustically and electrically evoked BM motions. CPZ significantly reduced cochlear amplification as measured by a decline of the acoustically evoked BM motion near the best frequency (BF) accompanied by a loss of nonlinearity and broadened tuning. It also substantially reduced electrically evoked BM vibration near the BF and at frequencies above BF (< or =80 kHz). The high-frequency notch (near 50 kHz) in the electrically evoked BM response shifted toward higher frequency in a CPZ concentration-dependent manner with a corresponding phase change. In contrast, salicylate resulted in a shift in this notch toward lower frequency. These results indicate that CPZ reduces OHC-mediated cochlear amplification probably via its effects on the mechanics of the OHC plasma membrane rather than via a direct effect on the OHC motor, prestin. Through modeling, we propose that with a combined OHC somatic and hair bundle forcing, the upward-shift of the approximately 50-kHz notch in the electrically-evoked BM motion may indicate stiffness increase of the OHCs that is responsible for the reduced cochlear amplification.

['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Basilar Membrane', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Cochlea', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrophysiology', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Lymphatic System', 'Models, Neurological', 'Organ of Corti', 'Salicylates', 'Tympanic Membrane', 'Vibration']

[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['A09.246.300.246.125', 'A10.615.179.124'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.886.369.198', 'D03.633.300.783.198'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.723.402'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A15.382.520'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A09.246.300.246.577'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595', 'D02.241.511.390.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595'], ['A09.246.272.702'], ['G01.374.930']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Improving accuracy in simulated pharmacy assembly tasks using workspace interventions to enhance the cognitive environment.

In this study, the error-reducing effectiveness of two work-environment interventions was examined in a simulated pharmacy task. 110 participants worked for 3 to 4 hours filling approximately 110 orders for simulated drugs in a laboratory-based, controlled environment. One group of participants used a monitor-mounted copy strip to enhance data entry, and another group used the copy strips as well as labeled product sleeves on stock bottles to enhance product selection. Results indicated that participants who worked using copy strips as well as participants who worked using both copy strips and product sleeves were more accurate in their order-filling performance than participants in the control condition. However, participants in the copy strip and the copy strip/sleeve conditions did not differ from one another in accuracy. Further research ideas and potential explanations of these data are discussed.

['Achievement', 'Adult', 'Cognition', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Pharmacy', 'Workplace']

[['F01.658.059', 'F02.784.629.054'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.188'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['H02.646'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Association between chronotype and diet in adolescents based on food logs.

Recent research revealed an association between chronotype and psychological constructs of eating behaviour. Here, we used food logs in adolescents and assessed their chronotype. We found that later bed and rise times were associated with the tendency to drink caffeinated drinks and eat fast food and to consume less dairy products. No relationship existed between chronotype and sweets, vegetables and salad, and meat consumption. These results suggest a healthier lifestyle in morning oriented adolescents (or late chronotypes). Breakfast times differed between weekdays and weekend while lunch and dinner times were similar. Mean breakfast time at the weekend was later in late chronotypes which was a result of later rise times of late chronotypes. The study showed that morning oriented pupils exhibit a healthier and more regular lifestyle.

['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Biological Clocks', 'Child', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Diet Records', 'Eating', 'Energy Intake', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male']

[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['G07.180.562.094'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['N04.452.859.360'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Outcomes of preoperative radiotherapy and resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) is an important component of the management of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). We aimed to establish the feasibility of this approach by determining the accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided core biopsy, proportion of patients completing treatment, rates of acute toxicity and surgical complications, and treatment outcomes.METHODS: This is a retrospective review. Consecutive patients presenting between January 1999 and December 2009 with a diagnosis of either primary or recurrent RPS were identified. Those patients suitable for preoperative RT and surgery were included. Exclusions included presence of metastatic disease, age under 18 years and/or paediatric histology, and treatment with palliative intent.RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were included, 14 were males. Median age was 61.4 years. Twenty-three patients had Stage T2b, high-grade disease. Twenty patients were treated at initial presentation and four at first local recurrence. Five-year progression-free survival, overall survival and local recurrence rates were 48.9, 53.7 and 22%, respectively. A malignant diagnosis was confirmed in all patients who underwent CT-guided core biopsy; a diagnosis of sarcoma was reached in 90%, histological subtype correctly identified in 66%. All patients in the cohort completed preoperative RT. Grade 3 toxicity occurred in 4% of patients (n = 1). Seventy-five per cent (n = 18) proceeded to radical resection, where complete macroscopic excision was achieved in all cases. There was no perioperative mortality.CONCLUSION: Preoperative RT has low levels of Grades 3 or 4 toxicity, and does not adversely impact surgical management. CT-guided core biopsy is an accurate means of confirming a diagnosis of RPS prior to definitive treatment.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy, Large-Core Needle', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography, Interventional', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Retroperitoneal Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sarcoma', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.750', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.750', 'E01.370.388.100.100.750', 'E04.074.119.750', 'E04.665.100.750', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.750', 'E05.200.998.054.119.750', 'E05.242.384.100.119.750'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700.725', 'E04.502.780'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['C04.588.033.731'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

[Histological and ultrastructural variations after radiofrequency for soft palate in porcines].

PURPOSE: To investigate the histological and ultrastructural variations after radiofrequency volumetric reduction of the soft palate in an animal model.METHODS: Thirteen porcines were used to evaluate the tissue response to radiofrequency for various time periods. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 was exposed to radiofrequency in the midline of the soft palate with a constant energy of 2.4 KJ. Group 2 served as a control group. The animals in group 1 were sacrificed after 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 9 weeks, respectively, and after 72 hours, 2 weeks and 4 weeks for the animals in group 2. Then the soft palates from both groups were examined for histological and ultrastructural variations.RESULTS: Interstitial edema, hemorrhage and infiltration with inflammatory cells were observed in the early acute stage after radiofrequency, and then the neovascularization of the forming scar was observed. In the end, the injured tissue was replaced by collagenous fibers. Intact vessels and nerves were observed around the lesions.CONCLUSIONS: After radiofrequency, lesion tissue is replaced by collagenous fibers, and it is focused on the lesion site. These findings may help provide a basis for technological suggestion in regard to clinical treatment.

['Animals', 'Palate, Soft', 'Swine']

[['B01.050'], ['A14.549.617.780'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Differential concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 within the fluid compartments present during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are important chemokines which effect the chemotaxis of monocytes and neutrophils, respectively. There is increasing evidence that such chemokines play an integral role in the control and maintenance of a normal pregnancy from implantation to parturition. However, little is known about the sites of secretion and function of MCP-1 and IL-8 in particular with respect to establishment of the placenta and membranes during first trimester. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the concentrations and localization of MCP-1 and IL-8 in amniotic fluid and extra-embryonic coelomic fluid (EECF) collected by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration and maternal serum during the first trimester of pregnancy. Using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, MCP-1 was present at high concentrations in the EECF, significantly higher than those in amniotic fluid and maternal serum. IL-8 was also present predominantly in the EECF with concentrations being significantly higher than the low values detected in maternal serum and the very low amounts found in amniotic fluid. This strict compartmentalization of these cytokines in the fluid compartments of early pregnancy may be important for establishment and development of a viable pregnancy.

['Amniotic Fluid', 'Body Fluids', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Maintenance', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First']

[['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['A12.207'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['A16.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.520'], ['G08.686.707.408']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Pseudocataplexy: gelastic-atonic seizures.

Gelastic-atonic seizures are characterized by laughing and then loss of muscle tone. They are difficult to differentiate from laughter-induced cataplexy and may be indicative of Niemann-Pick disease Type C or variants. We studied an 11-year-old girl who had gelastic-atonic seizures that were triggered by laughing. The nature of her attacks was established by ictal EEG ambulatory recordings at home. There was no evidence of Niemann-Pick disease.

['Cataplexy', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laughter', 'Seizures']

[['C10.886.425.800.200.750.500', 'F03.870.400.800.200.750.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.530.614'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']

Flesinoxan challenge suggests that chronic treatment with paroxetine in rats does not desensitize receptors controlling 5-HT synthesis.

It has been proposed that the desensitization of 5-HT(1A) (5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin) receptors following chronic therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is necessary for their therapeutic efficacy. Stimulation of the 5-HT(1A) receptors decreases serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and release, but it is not clear if the receptors are fully desensitized following chronic SSRI treatment. The main objective of this study was evaluation of ability of 5-HT(1A) receptors to modulate 5-HT synthesis after 14-day paroxetine treatment. 5-HT(1A) receptor sensitivity following chronic administration of the SSRI paroxetine was assessed by the ability of an acute challenge with the 5-HT(1A) agonist, flesinoxan, to modulate 5-HT synthesis in the rat brain. The rates of 5-HT synthesis were measured using the alpha-[(14)C]methyl-l-tryptophan autoradiographic method. The rats were treated for 2 weeks with paroxetine (10mg/(kgday), s.c., delivered by osmotic minipump). After this treatment, the rats received an acute challenge with flesinoxan (5mg/kg, i.p.), while the control rats were injected with the vehicle. Forty minutes following the flesinoxan injection, the tracer, alpha-[(14)C]methyl-l-tryptophan, was injected over 2min. 5-HT synthesis rates were calculated from autoradiographically measured tissue tracer concentrations and plasma time-activity curves. The results demonstrated that the acute flesinoxan challenge produced a significant decrease in 5-HT synthesis rates throughout the rat brain. The greatest decrease was observed in the ventral hippocampus, somatosensory cortex and the ascending serotonergic cell bodies. In comparison with data reported on an acute challenge with flesinoxan in na?ve rats (rats without any other treatment), the results presented here suggest a greater effect of flesinoxan on synthesis reduction in rats chronically treated with paroxetine. The results also suggest that the 5-HT receptors were not fully desensitized by paroxetine treatment, and that the stimulation of 5-HT(1A) receptors with an agonist is still capable of reducing 5-HT synthesis.

['Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation', 'Autoradiography', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Brain', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Interactions', 'Male', 'Paroxetine', 'Piperazines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Receptor Agonists', 'Synaptic Transmission']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F03.600.300'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D03.383.621.600'], ['D03.383.606'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.100.100'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.800', 'D27.505.696.577.850.800'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

The British Telecom radiopaging service in general practice.

This paper reports a new radiopaging service supplied by British Telecom that will eventually cover the whole United Kingdom. The use of this service by a three-man practice is described. The service is considered to be a major development in communications that will be of interest to most general practitioners.

['Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'England', 'Family Practice', 'Radio']

[['N02.421.297.058'], ['N02.421.297'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.739', 'L01.178.590.700', 'L01.178.820.090.739', 'L01.178.847.514']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']

Characterization of metallothionein isoforms by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line post-column acidification and electrospray mass spectrometric detection.

Post-column acidification of the chromatographic effluent was developed to eliminate artefacts in investigations of the polymorphism of metallothionein (MT) by microbore reversed-phase HPLC with detection by pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry. Metallated species (Cd, Zn and mixed Cd-Zn complexes) were decomposed on-line to produce apo metallothioneins of which the molecular masses were determined by MS. Besides the simplification of the mass spectra taken at the apexes of the chromatographic peaks, the method resulted in a 10-fold improvement of the detection limit of metallothionein and allowed a more comprehensive and less ambiguous detection and identification of the iso- and subisoforms. The method was applied to the characterization of rabbit liver metallothioneins: rabbit liver MT (purified by size-exclusion chromatography only) and MT-1 and MT-2 isoform fractions purified additionally by anion-exchange chromatography.

['Animals', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Isomerism', 'Liver', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Metallothionein', 'Rabbits']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.556.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

The effect of medial amygdalotomy and anterior hippocampotomy on behavior and seizures in epileptic patients.

In 70 patients with epilepsy and severe behavioural disturbances with EEG changes in the temporal regions, we performed EEG investigations of deep temporal structures, temporal cortex and scalp, using Talairach's stereotactic apparatus. Taking into account the recorded changes we performed 115 stereotactic lesions on the medial amygdala (both unilaterally and bilaterally) and on the anterior hippocampus (cornu Ammonis). The results in epileptic processes were: total recovery in 11.4%, evident clinical improvement in 74.3% and no improvement in 14.3%. Similar results were obtained in behavioural disturbances. Bilateral amygdalotomy and unilateral hippocampotomy in selected cases may produce recovery or amelioration and make possible return to normal social life for epileptic patients with severe behavioural changes.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amygdala', 'Child', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Palliative Care']

[]

[]

Contribution of novel ATGL missense mutations to the clinical phenotype of NLSD-M: a strikingly low amount of lipase activity may preserve cardiac function.

The lack of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing enzyme that hydrolyzes fatty acids from triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in multiple tissues, causes the autosomal recessive disorder neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSD-M). In two families of Lebanese and Italian origin presenting with NLSD-M, we identified two new missense mutations in highly conserved regions of ATGL (p.Arg221Pro and p.Asn172Lys) and a novel nonsense mutation (p.Trp8X). The Lebanese patients harbor homozygous p.Arg221Pro, whereas the Italian patients are heterozygotes for p.Asn172Lys and the p.Trp8X mutation. The p.Trp8X mutation results in a complete absence of ATGL protein, while the p.Arg221Pro and p.Asn172Lys mutations result in proteins with minimal lipolytic activity. Although these mutations did not affect putative catalytic residues or the lipid droplet (LD)-binding domain of ATGL, cytosolic LDs accumulated in cultured skin fibroblasts from the patients. The missense mutations might destabilize a random coil (p.Asn172Lys) or a helix (p.Arg221Pro) structure within or proximal to the patatin domain of the lipase, thereby interfering with the enzyme activity, while leaving intact the residues required to localize the protein to LDs. Overexpressing wild-type ATGL in one patient's fibroblasts corrected the metabolic defect and effectively reduced the number and area of cellular LDs. Despite the poor lipase activity in vitro, the Lebanese siblings have a mild myopathy and not clinically evident myocardial dysfunction. The patients of Italian origin show a late-onset and slowly progressive skeletal myopathy. These findings suggest that a small amount of correctly localized lipase activity preserves cardiac function in NLSD-M.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Lipase', 'Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Triglycerides']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C14.280.238'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['A11.329.228'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['C16.320.565.398', 'C18.452.584.562', 'C18.452.648.398'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D10.351.801']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

False discovery rate estimation for frequentist pharmacovigilance signal detection methods.

Pharmacovigilance systems aim at early detection of adverse effects of marketed drugs. They maintain large spontaneous reporting databases for which several automatic signaling methods have been developed. One limit of those methods is that the decision rules for the signal generation are based on arbitrary thresholds. In this article, we propose a new signal-generation procedure. The decision criterion is formulated in terms of a critical region for the P-values resulting from the reporting odds ratio method as well as from the Fisher's exact test. For the latter, we also study the use of mid-P-values. The critical region is defined by the false discovery rate, which can be estimated by adapting the P-values mixture model based procedures to one-sided tests. The methodology is mainly illustrated with the location-based estimator procedure. It is studied through a large simulation study and applied to the French pharmacovigilance database.

['Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems', 'Algorithms', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Decision Support Systems, Clinical', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Humans', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated']

[['E05.337.800.120', 'N02.421.668.320.120'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.190'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.399.750']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Basal metabolic rate is overestimated by predictive equation in college-age women of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

Since the World Health Organization suggested predictive equations for basal metabolic rate (BMR) in 1985 there has been great interest in their validity in different populations worldwide. It has been shown that these equations overestimate BMR in some populations, particularly the ones living in the tropics. There is limited new information on BMR in segments of the Brazilian population. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare measured with estimated BMR using some published predictive equations in 50 college students from Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry and the predictive equations used were the ones published by: FAO/WHO/UNU (1985); Harris & Benedict (1919), and Henry & Rees (1991). Estimated BMRs were significantly greater than measured BMR (p < 0.05). Overestimation was greatest with the equation published by Harris & Benedict (18.9%) followed by the ones by FAO/WHO/UNU (12.5%) and Henry & Rees (7.2%). Body composition did not correlate with the overestimation of BMR. More data are necessary so that appropriate predictive equations can be developed for the Brazilian population.

['Adult', 'Basal Metabolism', 'Body Height', 'Body Mass Index', 'Brazil', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Reference Values']

[['M01.060.116'], ['G03.295.154'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.978.810']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']

Appropriateness of indications for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: association with relevant endoscopic disease.

BACKGROUND: Since the institution of open access endoscopy units there has been a considerable increase of referrals for UGI examinations. Therefore, guidelines for the appropriate use of UGI endoscopy are needed.METHODS: The outcome of first diagnostic UGI endoscopy was prospectively assessed for several referral indications in a consecutive series of 2900 patients. Indications were judged "appropriate" when significantly (p < 0.01) associated with clinically "relevant" endoscopic findings.RESULTS: The proportion of relevant disease for various indications was as follows: signs of UGI bleeding (42.2%); history of peptic ulcer (40.5%); dysphagia (31.9%), short-term (24.4%), and without therapy (20.9%). Relevant endoscopic findings were observed in 21.0% of dyspeptic patients aged 45 years or less, and in 25.3% of those older than 45 years of age.CONCLUSIONS: The generally approved alarm symptoms should be a reason to perform endoscopy without hesitation. Dyspeptic symptoms, despite adequate empiric treatment, as well as first dyspeptic symptoms in patients older than 45 years should also be a reason for endoscopic investigation. Our results support the strategy to treat patients younger than 45 years who have isolated dyspepsia by a limited course of antipeptic agents, provided that they are seen for re-evaluation within 4 to 6 weeks.

['Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection', 'Prospective Studies', 'Referral and Consultation']

[['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['C06.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.452.758.849']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']

All-trans retinoic acid preconditioning enhances proliferation, angiogenesis and migration of mesenchymal stem cell in vitro and enhances wound repair in vivo.

OBJECTIVES: Stem cell therapy is considered to be a suitable alternative in treatment of a number of diseases. However, there are challenges in their clinical application in cell therapy, such as to reduce survival and loss of transplanted stem cells. It seems that chemical and pharmacological preconditioning enhances their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on survival, angiogenesis and migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and in a wound-healing model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs were treated with a variety of concentrations of ATRA, and mRNA expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and Ang-4 were examined by qRT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured using an ELISA kit and MSC angiogenic potential was evaluated using three-dimensional tube formation assay. Finally, benefit of ATRA-treated MSCs in wound healing was determined with a rat excisional wound model.RESULTS: In ATRA-treated MSCs, expressions of COX-2, HIF-1, CXCR4, CCR2, VEGF, Ang-2 and Ang-4 increased compared to control groups. Overexpression of the related genes was reversed by celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Tube formation and in vivo wound healing of ATRA-treated MSCs were also significantly enhanced compared to untreated MSCs.CONCLUSION: Pre-conditioning of MSCs with ATRA increased efficacy of cell therapy by activation of survival signalling pathways, trophic factors and release of pro-angiogenic molecules.

['Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Femur', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, CXCR4', 'Signal Transduction', 'Skin', 'Tretinoin', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Wound Healing']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['D12.776.260.103.625', 'D12.776.930.125.625'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['G09.330.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.650'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A17.815'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['G16.762.891']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

DNA damage induced by micro- and nanoparticles--interaction with FPG influences the detection of DNA oxidation in the comet assay.

Reliable methods for evaluation of toxicity from particles, such as manufactured nanoparticles, are needed. One promising tool is the comet assay, often used to measure DNA breaks (strand breaks and alkali-labile sites) as well as oxidatively damaged DNA, the latter by addition of specific DNA repair enzymes such as formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG). The aim of this study was to investigate the use of the comet assay for analysis of DNA oxidation by a range of micro- and nanoparticles in the lung cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B and to test the hypothesis that nanoparticles present in the cells during the assay performance may interact with FPG. This was done by investigating the ability of micro- and nanoparticles (stainless steel, subway particles, MnO(2), Ag, CeO(2), Co(3)O(4), Fe(3)O(4), NiO and SiO(2)) to induce DNA breaks, oxidatively damaged DNA (FPG sites, dominantly 8-oxoguanine), intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and non-cellular oxidation of the DNA base guanine, as well as by studying interactions of the particles and their released ions with FPG. Several particles caused DNA breaks, but low levels of FPG sites. The ability of FPG to detect DNA oxidation induced by a photosensitiser was however shown. An oxidative capacity of the particles was indicated by increased levels of intracellular ROS, and especially Ag and subway particles caused non-cellular oxidation of guanine. Incubation of FPG with the particles led to less FPG activity, particularly with nanoparticles of Ag but also with CeO(2), Co(3)O(4) and SiO(2). Further investigations of these particles revealed that for Ag, the decreased activity was mainly due to released Ag ions, whereas for CeO(2) and Co(3)O(4), FPG interactions were due to the particles. We conclude that measurement of oxidatively damaged DNA in cells exposed to nanoparticles may be underestimated in the comet assay due to interactions with FPG.

['Bronchi', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Comet Assay', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase', 'Guanine', 'Humans', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']

[['A04.411.125'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.401.153.150', 'E05.301.300.100.150', 'E05.393.560.150', 'E05.940.560.150'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['D08.811.074.249.500', 'D08.811.277.450.430.099.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

The impact of catheter-based bladder drainage method on urinary tract infection risk in spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder: A systematic review.

AIMS: To systematically compare the impact of catheter-based bladder drainage methods on the rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs) amongst patients with neurogenic bladder.METHODS: A search of Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Grey literature to February 2019 was performed using methods prepublished on PROSPERO. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Eligible studies were published in English and compared UTI incidence between neurogenic bladder patients utilizing bladder drainage methods of the indwelling urethral catheter (IUC), suprapubic catheter (SPC) or intermittent self-catheterization (ISC). The odds ratio of UTI was the sole outcome of interest.RESULTS: Eight nonrandomized observational cohort studies were identified, totaling 2321 patients who utilized either IUC, SPC, or ISC. Studies enrolled patients with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury (seven studies) or from any cause (one study). UTI rates were compared between patients utilizing IUC vs SPC (four studies), IUC vs ISC (six studies), and SPC vs ISC (four studies). Compared with IUC, five of six studies suggested ISC use was associated with lower rates of UTI. Studies comparing IUC vs SPC and SPC vs ISC gave mixed results. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to study methodology heterogeneity.CONCLUSIONS: Low-level evidence suggests amongst patients with neurogenic bladder requiring catheter-based drainage, the use of ISC is associated with lower rates of UTI than IUC. Comparisons of IUC vs SPC and SPC vs ISC gave mixed results. Future randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.

['Catheters, Indwelling', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cystostomy', 'Drainage', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Odds Ratio', 'Research Design', 'Self Care', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Catheters', 'Urinary Tract Infections']

[['E07.132.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E04.579.240', 'E04.950.774.852.240'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500'], ['E07.132.625'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Nitrogen removal from wastewaters at low C/N ratios with ammonium and acetate as electron donors.

A denitrifying upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was operated at different nitrate loading rates at a C/N ratio of 1.2, with acetate as an electron donor. This resulted in an increase in the accumulation of nitrite. After this, the UASB reactor was supplemented with 100 mg NH4+-Nl(-1) d(-1), while acetate was gradually limited in the medium. This prevented nitrite accumulation at a C/N ratio of 0.6 due to an enhanced nitrite reduction rate achieved in the reactor. An increasing amount of ammonium was consumed when the C/N ratio was lowered in the medium. This suggested that ammonium was used as an alternative electron donor during denitrification, which is supported by nitrogen balances. Nitrite was shown to be toxic for the nitrogen removal process at 200-400 mg NO2--N(l(-1) when the C/N ratio was decreased to 0.4 leading to formation of ammonium. The present study showed that addition of ammonium as an alternative electron donor for denitrification achieved a nitrogen removal process with negligible accumulation of undesirable intermediates.

['Acetates', 'Anaerobiosis', 'Bioreactors', 'Carbon', 'Hot Temperature', 'Nitrates', 'Nitrites', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Time Factors', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid']

[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Domestic animals and veterinary medicine in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible and the Apocrypha].

Referring to an 1865 edition of the Bible, the article deals with domestic animals and veterinary matters in the sacred book of Christianity, singling out donkey, camel, horse, sheep, goat, pig, dog and cat. Comments on early aspects of animal welfare and food hygiene round off the picture.

['Animals', 'Animals, Domestic', 'Bible', 'Christianity', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, Ancient', 'Veterinary Medicine']

[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.116'], ['K01.517.172'], ['K01.844.188'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.470'], ['H02.956']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

[Psychometric and psychophysiologic studies in AIDS patients with reference to the "declining performance syndrome"--level reduction].

It has been reported that the acquired immune deficiency syndrome can present neuropsychiatric symptoms of major depressive disorders, adjustment disorder with depressed mood and organic brain syndromes with affective, delusional and demented features. The aim of the present study was to determine deficits in performance and to measure psychophysiological variables in drug addicted AIDS-patients. 28 drug addicted AIDS-patients and 17 homosexual AIDS-patients participated in the study voluntarily and were compared to healthy normals. 18 patients belonged to stage III, 27 to stage IV. Performance was measured by numerical memory test, Benton test, Alphabetic reaction test and computer-assisted rigidity test. Psychophysiological parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted "static" and "dynamic" pupillometry, computer-assisted measurements of skin conductance-level, -reaction and habituation; and critical flicker frequency analyses. Performance in drug addicted AIDS-patients differed from controls and especially from healthy normals within a minimal range ("Denivellierungssyndrom"--decline of level of performance). No AIDS-dementia could be objectivated. Furthermore drug-dependent AIDS-patients demonstrated autonomous desactivation, reduced pupillary reagibility and suppressed vegetative irritability.

['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Arousal', 'Female', 'Homosexuality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Processes', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurocognitive Disorders', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychometrics', 'Substance-Related Disorders']

[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F01.145.802.975.500', 'G08.686.867.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.615'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Radius reed osteotomy for supination deformity in children with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy].

We report our experience and results in the use of reed pronating osteotomy in supination deformities secondary to obstetrical brachial plexus injury. This retrospective study involved 11 patients with paralytic supination of the forearm due to a brachial plexus injury. Other causes of paralytic supination were excluded. The surgical technique consisted of a proximal osteotomy of the ulna fixed by an intramedullary nail and a stable elastic reed osteotomy of the radius. The minimum postoperative follow-up was 2 years. Four boys and seven girls mean aged 8 years (5-12) were operated on between 2000 and 2010. The mean preoperative supination was measured at 63°. The final position average pronation was 37°. Loss of pronation was measured at 15°. No complication was observed. With a mean follow-up of 4 years (2-12), the reed osteotomy of radius associated with a proximal transverse osteotomy of ulna has proven itself effective for correction of paralytic supination of the forearm without complication or reoperation.

['Brachial Plexus Neuropathies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osteotomy', 'Paralysis, Obstetric', 'Radius', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Supination']

[['C10.668.829.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.555.580'], ['C16.614.131.587', 'C26.141.587'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G11.427.410.698.920']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Hearing threshold shifts from prolonged exposure to noise in guinea pigs.

Auditory thresholds were assessed in three guinea pigs with a conditioning procedure based on the positive reinforcement paradigm. Thereafter, the guinea pigs were exposed for 5 days to third octave band noise centred at 2 kHz at 100 dB SPL. Thresholds at 0.5, 2 and 4 kHz were controlled during the exposure and up to 120 days after exposure. After 6 h of exposure, the threshold shift at 4 kHz reached 40 dB and increased slowly to 45 dB by the fifth day. The quasi-asymptotic shift was less expressed at 2 kHz, where the initial threshold shift amounted to 20 dB and rose to 40 dB by the fifth day. Thresholds recovered in the time course of 5 days after exposure and a significant permanent threshold shift was present 120 days after exposure. It amounted to 35 dB at 4 kHz and to 20 dB at 2 kHz. Auditory thresholds were dependent upon the duration of the stimulus: the decrease in duration of a tone from 200 ms to 2 ms caused a rise in threshold of about 10 dB before as well as after the exposure. The effects of prolonged noise exposure upon guinea pigs are similar to those found in chinchillas with the exception of the permanent threshold shift, which is more marked in guinea pigs.

['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Reinforcement, Psychology']

[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['F02.463.425.770']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']

Psychosocial vulnerability, hostility, and family history of coronary heart disease among male and female college students.

This study evaluated the utility of the psychosocial vulnerability model for understanding the hostility-coronary heart disease (CHD) relationship among college students at risk for CHD. Interrelationships of cognitive, affective, and behavioral hostility with structural and functional social support were examined. College undergraduates with a parental history of CHD (n = 121) and a control group of 125 students with no CHD family history completed measures of hostility and social support. Among women, a significant negative correlation was found between affective-experiential hostility and functional support. Among men, a significant negative correlation was observed between cognitive-experiential hostility and structural support. Path analyses revealed a significant positive effect of expressive hostility on functional support for CHD-negative men and CHD-positive women. CHD family history was not associated with hostility or family environment. CHD-positive participants reported less support satisfaction than did CHD-negative participants. Thus, results indicated qualified support for the psychosocial vulnerability model of the hostility-CHD relationship.

['Adult', 'Affect', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Hostility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychology', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Support', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['F01.470.596'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.096.628'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Superior oblique palsy manifested during pregnancy.

The author describes his experience with diplopia during uncomplicated pregnancy in 3 of 25 (12%) women with neurologically isolated unilateral superior oblique palsy. These three patients had visual sensory and ocular motor findings that suggested they had longstanding latent vertical deviations that decompensated during pregnancy. Two of these three women experienced resolution of symptoms shortly after delivery. Increased recognition of the benign association between decompensation of a latent superior oblique palsy and pregnancy may obviate the need to further evaluate such patients with neuroimaging studies or other procedures.

['Adult', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Ophthalmoplegia', 'Posture', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Visual Acuity']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.292.562.750', 'C10.597.622.447', 'C11.590.472', 'C23.888.592.636.447'], ['G11.427.695'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Chronic pelvic pain syndromes: clinical, urodynamic, and urothelial observations.

INTRODUCTION/METHODS: A cohort of 408 patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) was evaluated, and findings were discussed in this retrospective chart review.RESULTS: Based on the chief complaints, they were divided into four subgroups: BPS/IC (n = 157), CPP (n = 98), vulvodynia/dyspareunia (n = 40), and "other" (n = 113). Similar findings were found in all four subgroups: complaints of voiding dysfunction (70%), dyspareunia (54%), mean PUF score of 15.9 +/- 6.4, and a positive potassium sensitivity test in 83%. Urodynamics revealed a maximal urethral pressure of 131 cm of water and an abnormal uroflow in 80%. Urothelial therapy in the form of intravesical therapeutic anesthetic cocktails provided benefit in all groups (50%, 67%, 73%, and 77% for vulvodynia, CPP, BPS/IC, "other").CONCLUSIONS: All subgroups had similar findings and response to therapy. Five to 10% of patients with chief complaints of stress or urge incontinence or prolapse were also found to have BPS/IC.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cystitis, Interstitial', 'Dyspareunia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pelvic Pain', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C12.777.829.495.500', 'C13.351.968.829.495.500'], ['C12.294.644.242', 'C13.351.500.665.313', 'F03.835.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612.944'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']

The association of sex of co-twin and birth size in twins born in Yucatan, Mexico between 2008 and 2017.

Background: Birth measures of twins are potentially influenced by sex of co-twin.Aim: To analyse the association between sex of co-twin and birth weight, length and ponderal index in twin infants from Yucatan, Mexico.Subjects and methods: A total of 2057 twin pairs born during 2008-2017 were analysed. Female-female (F-F), male-male (M-M) and male-female (M-F) twin pair types were defined. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the association of (1) being female from M-F pairs and birth measures among overall female infants (M-F and F-F), and (2) being male from M-F pairs and birth measures among overall male infants (M-F and M-M). The length of gestation and mothers' age and level of education were used as covariates.Results: Models showed that being male from M-F pairs was associated with increases of 81 g in birth weight and 0.61 cm in length, compared to males from M-M pairs, and being female from opposite-sex pairs was associated with increases of 0.36 cm in length, compared to females from same-sex pairs.Conclusions: Males from M-F pairs show greater birth size than males from same-sex pairs, which supports the hypothesis that birth measures of twins are influenced by sex of the co-twin.

['Birth Weight', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Sex Factors', 'Twins, Dizygotic']

[['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['M01.438.873.920']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']

The diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography needs to be considered when managing gallbladder polyps.

BACKGROUND: Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) is the most commonly used modality to diagnose gallbladder (GB) disease. GB polyps are reported in 1-5.6 % of TAUS studies. Histopathologic studies suggest that there is a relationship between GB polyps and GB cancer. Previous literature suggests GB polyps reported on TAUS do not correlate well with histological findings. There have been recent advances in TAUS technology. We hypothesize the recent advances in TAUS technology have improved the accuracy of TAUS for diagnosing GB polyps.METHODS: Radiology and pathology databases at our tertiary care center were retrospectively searched between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. Ultrasound reports that suggested a GB polyp was present on TAUS were correlated to histopathology in cases where a cholecystectomy was performed. The pathology reports where a GB polyp was found were correlated with preoperative TAUS reports.RESULTS: There were 102,740 TAUS reports referring to the GB, of which 6,612 (6.4 %) contained search terms suggesting a GB polyp was present. There were 13,278 cholecystectomy pathology reports, of which 159 (1.2 %) included a diagnosis of GB polyp. TAUS detected only 50 % of the polyps identified on histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of TAUS for diagnosing GB polyps were 50.0 and 98.3 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 10.5 and 99.8 %.CONCLUSIONS: Despite improvement in TAUS technology, the accuracy for GB polyps remains poor. This needs to be considered when managing patients with TAUS-detected GB polyps. We recommend that the decision to operate on TAUS-detected GB polyps be largely based on symptoms, and following GB polyps with TAUS should be discouraged.

['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenoma', 'Cholecystectomy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Gallbladder Diseases', 'Gallbladder Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyps', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography']

[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.035'], ['E04.210.120.172'], ['E01.171'], ['C06.130.564'], ['C04.588.274.120.401', 'C06.130.320.401', 'C06.130.564.401', 'C06.301.120.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.300.825'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Characterization of alkali-treated collagen gels prepared by different crosslinkers.

We have developed a naturally-derived crosslinker named malic acid derivative (MAD). In the present study, we prepared alkali-treated collagen (AlCol) gels with different crosslinkers including MAD and commercially available crosslinkers such as 1-ethyl-3-(3('-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and glutaraldehyde (GA). There are named as AlCol-MAD, AlCol-EDC, and AlCol-GA. We then compared their physicochemical properties. The residual amino groups in AlCol-MAD were not detected at MAD concentrations higher than 30 mM. On the other hand, the residual amino groups in AlCol-EDC and AlCol-GA were detected at crosslinker concentrations of 30 mM. The swelling ratios of AlCol-MAD, AlCol-EDC, and AlCol-GA decreased with increasing crosslinker concentration. Enzymatic degradation rate of AlCol-GA was slower than that of AlCol-MAD and AlCol-EDC. The cytotoxicity of MAD was clearly lower than that of EDC and GA. The number of adhered L929 on AlCol-MAD was higher than on AlCol-EDC and AlCol-GA after incubation for 1 day. After the culture for 3 and 7 days, excellent growth of L929 was observed on AlCol-MAD. These results suggested that MAD was excellent crosslinker for the reactivity with amino groups and cytocompatibility. Therefore, the resulting AlCol-MAD has potential for various biomedical applications like tissue engineering scaffolds and carrier for drug delivery systems.

['Alkalies', 'Amino Acids', 'Carbodiimides', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Enzymes', 'Gels', 'Humans', 'Malates', 'Models, Biological', 'Wettability']

[['D01.045'], ['D12.125'], ['D02.491.203'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['D08.811'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.081.337.463', 'D02.241.511.505'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.409.500', 'G02.860.908']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Seeding and propagation of untransformed mouse mammary cells in the lung.

The acquisition of metastatic ability by tumor cells is considered a late event in the evolution of malignant tumors. We report that untransformed mouse mammary cells that have been engineered to express the inducible oncogenic transgenes MYC and Kras(D12), or polyoma middle T, and introduced into the systemic circulation of a mouse can bypass transformation at the primary site and develop into metastatic pulmonary lesions upon immediate or delayed oncogene induction. Therefore, previously untransformed mammary cells may establish residence in the lung once they have entered the bloodstream and may assume malignant growth upon oncogene activation. Mammary cells lacking oncogenic transgenes displayed a similar capacity for long-term residence in the lungs but did not form ectopic tumors.

['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, myc', 'Genes, ras', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Seeding', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Oncogenes', 'Transgenes']

[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.090', 'D12.776.964.700.090', 'D23.050.285.062.090', 'D23.050.327.062.090'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.420'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.650.830', 'C23.550.727.650.830'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Epidemiology of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infection: implications for detection of hotspots with imperfect diagnostics.

BACKGROUND: At the local level, malaria transmission clusters in hotspots, which may be a group of households that experience higher than average exposure to infectious mosquitoes. Active case detection often relying on rapid diagnostic tests for mass screen and treat campaigns has been proposed as a method to detect and treat individuals in hotspots. Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in north-western Tanzania were used to examine the spatial distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and the relationship between household exposure and parasite density.METHODS: Dried blood spots were collected from consenting individuals from four villages during a survey conducted in 2010. These were analysed by PCR for the presence of P. falciparum, with the parasite density of positive samples being estimated by quantitative PCR. Household exposure was estimated using the distance-weighted PCR prevalence of infection. Parasite density simulations were used to estimate the proportion of infections that would be treated using a screen and treat approach with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) compared to targeted mass drug administration (tMDA) and Mass Drug Administration (MDA).RESULTS: Polymerase chain reaction PCR analysis revealed that of the 3,057 blood samples analysed, 1,078 were positive. Mean distance-weighted PCR prevalence per household was 34.5%. Parasite density was negatively associated with transmission intensity with the odds of an infection being subpatent increasing with household exposure (OR 1.09 per 1% increase in exposure). Parasite density was also related to age, being highest in children five to ten years old and lowest in those > 40 years. Simulations of different tMDA strategies showed that treating all individuals in households where RDT prevalence was above 20% increased the number of infections that would have been treated from 43 to 55%. However, even with this strategy, 45% of infections remained untreated.CONCLUSION: The negative relationship between household exposure and parasite density suggests that DNA-based detection of parasites is needed to provide adequate sensitivity in hotspots. Targeting MDA only to households with RDT-positive individuals may allow a larger fraction of infections to be treated. These results suggest that community-wide MDA, instead of screen and treat strategies, may be needed to successfully treat the asymptomatic, subpatent parasite reservoir and reduce transmission in similar settings.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asymptomatic Infections', 'Blood', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parasite Load', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tanzania', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.125', 'C23.550.291.187.500'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.932', 'E05.200.932'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['Z01.058.290.120.840'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Syntheses and spectroscopic characterization of some phosphoramidates as reversible inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase and determination of their potency.

The ability of phosphoramidates Me2NP(O)(Cl)(p-NHC6H4NO2) 1, Me2NP(O)(p-NHC6H4NO2)2 2, (CH3C6H4O-p)P(O)(p-NHC6H4NO2)2 3 and (CH3C6H40-p)2P(O)(p-NHC6H4NO2) 4 to inhibit human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) has been evaluated by a modified Ellman's method and spectrophotometric measurements. Results showed that compounds 1 and 2 do not have any inhibitory potency, whereas compounds 3 and 4 were reversible mixed inhibitors. The IC50 values for inhibitors 3 and 4 were 0.143 and 0.581 mM, respectively. The previously unknown compounds 3 and 4 were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

['Acetylcholinesterase', 'Amides', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phosphoric Acids', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']

[['D08.811.277.352.100.170.176'], ['D02.065'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.029.260.700.675', 'D01.695.625.675'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Effect of captopril or imidapril on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study (JAPAN-IDDM).

OBJECTIVE: to clarify and confirm the renoprotective effects of ACEIs in Japanese type 1 diabetics.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: a double-blind randomized study using two ACEIs, imidapril (a prodrug of imdaprilat without an SH-residue) and captopril as well as placebo was performed. Seventy-nine eligible cases were randomized to receive captopril 37.5 mg (n=26), imidapril 5 mg (n=26) or their placebos (n=27) daily in a double-blind manner.RESULTS: urinary albumin excretion (UAE), determined every half year, was significantly decreased by the ACEIs (placebo vs. ACEIs F=11.316, P=0.001, placebo vs. captopril F=4.260, P=0.043, placebo vs. imidapril F=14.341, P<0.001) during the study period (the mean; 1.48 years). Although the HbA(1C) levels and systolic blood pressure (BP) between the three groups were not different, glycemic and BP control significantly affected UAE. Systolic BP in the placebo group tended to be higher by 7-10 mmHg throughout the study.CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that the ACE inhibitors, imidapril and captopril, prevent the increase in UAE in micro and macroalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and that the target BP might be less than 130/80 mmHg.

['Adult', 'Albuminuria', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Captopril', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Imidazolidines', 'Male', 'Placebos']

[['M01.060.116'], ['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D03.383.129.308.432'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Diabetic neuropathy. III: Autonomic neuropathy. Genito-urinary system].

When considering urogenital complaints occurring during diabetic autonomous neurotherapy , three clinical situations are important due to their frequency and the clinical situation, the considerable effect they have on quality of life. In addition they may also be responsible for severe complications as in the case of diabetic cystopathy . This syndrome is the cause of considerable subjective disturbances even though it may be diagnosed instrumentally in its early, completely asymptomatic stage. The complaint evolves inevitably towards bladder denervation, chronic urinary retention and more or less severe septic complications. Retrograde ejaculation may lead to the loss of procreative ability as in the case of neurogenic impotence in diabetics. These three autonomous neuropathic situations occur quite frequently, especially in older subjects who have suffered from diabetes for more than ten years. Often the three syndromes are interconnected or linked to autonomous or peripheric neuropathic complaints affecting other areas. The few therapeutic measures practised have not proved very conclusive. Only a diligent examination of signs and symptoms with the aim of early diagnosis and the maintenance of good glycometabolic balance are considered to be at all effective as preventive measures.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Urination Disorders']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C10.668.829.300', 'C19.246.099.937'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['C12.777.934', 'C13.351.968.934']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Profunda artery perforator flap for isolated vulvar defect reconstruction after oncological resection.

UNLABELLED: Isolated vulvar reconstruction using profunda artery-based perforator flaps have good functional as well as quality of life restoration. Surgical techniques, complications, and final evaluation using questionnaires are presented.BACKGROUND: Vulvar reconstruction remains a great challenge to reconstructive surgeons. A local fasciocutaneous flap from the medial thigh is a good option with multiple choices of the donor arteries. Here, we extended the clinical application of a profunda perforator artery (PAP) flap with the design of an island pedicle flap.METHODS: From 2012 to 2015, 12 female patients with vulvar cancer received tumor ablation and immediate reconstruction using a PAP flap. The flaps (n = 19) were divided into V-Y advancement perforator flap (group I, n = 4) and island pedicle perforator flap (group II, n = 15). All of the demographic data were collected and analyzed.RESULTS: All of the flaps were transferred successfully, and all of the donor sites were closed without morbidities. Group II was superior to group I because of the smaller required flap size (P = 0.004), the smaller defect size/flap size ratio (P = 0.001), and a lower rate of post-op debridement (P = 0.037). The other parameters were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: PAP flap is a good choice for vulvar reconstruction. We preferred an island pedicle setting for its thin and pliable fasciocutaneous component and robust flap circulation. The favorable functional and aesthetic results can be achieved with limited donor site morbidities. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:828-834. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arteries', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Perforator Flap', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Quality of Life', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Thigh', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vulva', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.015.114'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.850.710.750', 'E07.862.710.750'], ['C23.550.767'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E04.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A01.378.610.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A05.360.319.887'], ['C04.588.945.418.968', 'C13.351.500.944.819', 'C13.351.937.418.968']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']

Prevalence of pre-existing risk factors for adverse events associated with atypical antipsychotics among commercially insured and medicaid insured patients newly initiating atypical antipsychotics.

BACKGROUND: Atypical antipsychotics (AA) differ from one another in their adverse event (AE) profiles. Patient-specific pre-existing risk factors for AEs, including comorbidities and concomitant medications, may render the use of certain AAs potentially inappropriate, and others relatively safer or more tolerable.OBJECTIVE: To quantify the prevalence of pre-existing risk factors for AEs and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) associated with AA treatment among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), or major depressive disorder (MDD) newly-initiating AA treatment.METHODS: Retrospective, observational study using US claims databases. Patients identified had newly-initiated on a single AA (1/1/2010-11/30/2011; index date), were aged 18-64 years, had insurance enrolment for 12 months pre- (baseline) and 1 month post-index, and had ?1 medical claim with an ICD-9-CM diagnosis of SCZ, BD, or MDD during baseline. A comprehensive list of AE risk factors, including potential DDIs, was developed based on AA package inserts. Administrative claims-based identification algorithms flagged the presence of each medical risk factor during baseline and identified concomitant prescribing of medications (90 days pre- to 30 days post-index) potentially causing DDIs with AAs.RESULTS: Of 97,010 patients identified, mean age was 41.2 years and 66.7% were female. Among patients initiating AA treatment, prevalence of pre-existing AE risk factors were aripiprazole 32.2%; olanzapine 51.6%; ziprasidone 75.6%; quetiapine 77.4%; risperidone 82.5%.CONCLUSION: Despite the availability of several AAs to treat psychiatric conditions, pre-existing AE risk factors can limit patient treatment options. Given inter-AA variability in risk factors, open access to AA may help to optimize appropriate prescribing.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Downregulation of angiogenin inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells through regulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Angiogenin (ANG) is a multifunctional secreted protein that belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease A super family, which has been conceived to play a more important role in cell survival, growth and proliferation than the mediation of angiogenesis. Accumulating evidences suggest that the expression and activity of ANG increased significantly in a variety of human cancers. Recent studies showed that ANG activates cell signaling pathway through the putative receptor on endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. AKT/mTOR signaling pathway participates in cell growth, cell-cycle progression and cell apoptosis. The purpose of our study was to determine whether ANG implicated in growth and metastasis of bladder cancer cells through regulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In this study, we constructed ANG siRNA plasmids that transfected into human bladder cancer T24 cells. We demonstrated that knockdown of ANG could inhibit cell proliferation, regulate cell cycle and induce apoptosis. We also found that down-regulation of ANG remarkably reduced the phosphorylation of signaling targets AKT, GSK-3â and mTOR. Furthermore, down-regulation of ANG increased expression of ribonuclease inhibitor, which is a cytoplasmic acidic protein with many functions. Finally, ANG siRNA led to the suppression for tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, these findings highlight for the first time that ANG could play a pivotal role in the development of bladder cancer through regulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The targeting of ANG and associated factors could provide a novel strategy to inhibit human bladder cancer.

['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Shape', 'Down-Regulation', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Ribonuclease, Pancreatic', 'Signal Transduction', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.320'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.624'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.715', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.715'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

A frame shift mutation in the fibrinogen A alpha chain gene in a kindred with renal amyloidosis.

A new American kindred with amyloidosis was found by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to have a mutation in the fibrinogen A alpha chain gene. Affected members in this kindred have autosomal dominant amyloid nephropathy. DNA sequencing showed a single nucleotide deletion at the third base of codon 524 of the fibrinogen A alpha chain genes (4904delG) that resulted in a frame shift and premature termination of the protein at codon 548. Antiserum was produced to a portion of the abnormal peptide predicted by the DNA sequence and amyloid deposits were immuno-histologically proven to contain this abnormal peptide. Two of the propositus' 4 children were positive for the mutant fibrinogen A alpha chain gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis based on polymerase chain reaction. These two mutant gene carriers now in the second decade of life show no clinical symptoms of amyloidosis as yet but have lower plasma fibrinogen concentrations when compared with their normal siblings. This the first description of a kindred with renal amyloidosis and low plasma fibrinogen and also the first report of amyloidosis caused by a frame shift mutation.

['Adult', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amyloid', 'Amyloidosis', 'Base Sequence', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Child', 'Codon', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Fibrinogen', 'Frameshift Mutation', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pedigree', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Identifying inmates at risk for disciplinary infractions: a comparison of two measures of psychopathy.

Poythress, Edens, and Lilienfeld (1998) recently reported a moderately strong correlation between Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and a newly developed self-report measure of psychopathy, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) of Lilienfeld and Andrews (1996), in an ethnically diverse sample of 50 inmates from a youthful offender prison. The present study reports follow-up data regarding disciplinary infractions in this sample and examines the utility of the PCL-R and PPI for identifying those at risk for institutional misbehavior. Generally modest, but statistically significant, correlations were obtained between both measures and indices of aggressive institutional behavior. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both measures accounted for common variance in the criterion but that neither accounted for significant unique variance. Results are discussed in terms of the clinical utility of these measures in populations of young offenders.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antisocial Personality Disorder', 'Florida', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Personality Inventory', 'Prisoners', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Comparison of growth and recombinant protein expression in two different insect cell lines in attached and suspension culture.

Culture conditions required for obtaining maximum recombinant protein concentrations from two cell lines, Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLBeta-Sf21-AE) and Trichoplusia ni (Tn 5Beta-1-4), were determined in this work. Conditions studied include mode of culture (suspended vs attached), agitation rates, inoculum sizes, cell concentration at the time of infection, and various serum-free media (SFM). Results were compared with the performance of attached cultures in TnM-FH with 10% fetal bovine serum. Growth rates in the different culture media tested were similar, but the cell numbers achieved (i.e., yield) improved 2 to 2.7-fold in SFM over cultures in TnM-FH. Agitation rates of 150-160 rpm were necessary for maximum growth of suspended Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells compared to 125-150 rpm for Sf-21 cells. An inoculum size of 5 x 10(5) cells/mL gave good growth rates and optimum biomass yields for both cell lines. Cultures of both cell lines were infected with viruses encoding for beta-galactosidase or human secreted alkaline phosphatase (seAP). Protein expression in TnM-FH in attached culture showed that Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells are 2-4.5 times more productive on a per cell basis than Sf-21 cells grown under similar conditions. Production of beta-galactosidase in Sf-21 cells increased 50% in suspension cultures with SFM compared to attached cultures in TnM-FH, but seAP expression was essentially unchanged by culture techniques. The Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells produced 2.6-4.4 and 2.7-3 times more beta-galactosidase and seAP, respectively, in SFM in suspension compared to Sf-21 cells. EX-CELL 401 and Sf900-II were formulated as optimized SFM for Sf cell lines. However, in Sf-21 cultures EX-CELL 400 performed better than the other two media, as it increased the beta-galactosidase yield up to 25%. Surprisingly, EX-CELL 401 was the best medium for the production of beta-galactosidase by Tn 5Beta-1-4 cells, resulting in 25% and 69% higher volumetric and specific yields, respectively, compared to EX-CELL 405 which was formulated for this specific cell line. These results show that even when culture media are designed for maximal growth of a specific cell line, other media may provide the best conditions for protein production.

['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Culture Media, Serum-Free', 'Insecta', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Spodoptera', 'beta-Galactosidase']

[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D27.720.470.305.255', 'E07.206.255'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

The genetic basis of color-related local adaptation in a ring-like colonization around the Mediterranean.

Uncovering the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and the population history under which it established is key to understand the trajectories along which local adaptation evolves. Here, we investigated the genetic basis and evolutionary history of a clinal plumage color polymorphism in European barn owls (Tyto alba). Our results suggest that barn owls colonized the Western Palearctic in a ring-like manner around the Mediterranean and meet in secondary contact in Greece. Rufous coloration appears to be linked to a recently evolved nonsynonymous-derived variant of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, which according to quantitative genetic analyses evolved under local adaptation during or following the colonization of Central Europe. Admixture patterns and linkage disequilibrium between the neutral genetic background and color found exclusively within the secondary contact zone suggest limited introgression at secondary contact. These results from a system reminiscent of ring species provide a striking example of how local adaptation can evolve from derived genetic variation.

['Adaptation, Biological', 'Animals', 'Avian Proteins', 'Europe', 'Feathers', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Pigmentation', 'Strigiformes']

[['G16.012'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.095'], ['Z01.542'], ['A13.370'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['D12.776.575'], ['E01.370.600.620', 'G16.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.815.550']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[The Uncorrected Near Visual Acuity after the Monofocal Intraocular Lens Implantation].

Aim of the study was to evaluate retrospectively selected parameters, which influence the postoperative near visual acuity in a group of pseudophakic eyes of patients with Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA) and according to acquired results establish those, which mostly influenced good Uncorrected Near Visual Acuity (UNVA) after the implantation of monofocal IntraOcular Lens (IOL). Altogether, 122 pseudophakic eyes of 65patients were followed up, out of them in 57 patients both eyes were operated on. The frequency of visual acuity for three groups of operated eyes categorized according to the crucial parameter - eyes axial length (short, average, long) was evaluated. In each of groups, the average parameters (age, axial length, keratometry, and depth of the anterior chamber) were established, as well as relative frequency of postoperative uncorrected near visual acuity on conventionally used reading tables. The near visual acuity assessment for each eye separately was preformed in its horizontal position using the Zeiss table. The study did not confirm positive correlation of postoperative near visual acuity on the age of the patient, depth of the anterior chamber, nor the implanted IOL type. It was confirmed the presumption of optimal near visual acuity for eyes with axial length shorter than 23.5 mm, and in the process, between both parameters slightly negative correlation was found. On the other hand, middle positive correlation between uncorrected near visual acuity and central corneal power (in dioptres) in eyes with the axial length 22.5 - 23.5 mm was found. The study confirmed, that higher values of the central corneal power (in dioptres) and the high borderline value of the axial length up to 23.5 mm are the condition for optimal postoperative uncorrected near visual acuity after the implantation of monofocal intraocular lens.Key words: Uncorrected Near Visual Acuity (UNVA), monofocal intraocular lens, pseudoaccommodation.

['Humans', 'Lens Implantation, Intraocular', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Visual Acuity']

[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.540.825.600'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['E04.540.825.249.704', 'E04.943.875'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Preparative fractionation of dextrin by polyethylene glycol: Effects of initial dextrin concentration and pH.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was further applied for fractionating dextrin prepared from cassava starch. The initial dextrin concentration and pH of the dextrin solutions were crucially considered in this study with the average molecular-weight dispersity (DMa) as the index. The results showed that the initial dextrin concentration significantly affected the mass fraction and the molecular weight distribution of each dextrin fraction obtained from gradient PEG precipitation. However, the initial dextrin concentration, which ranged from 0.9% to 3.6%, did not affect the DMa of the dextrin fractions. Furthermore, the DMa of the fractions obtained at pHs 4.00, 4.96, 6.00, 6.92, 7.99, 8.96, and 9.91, was 1.364, 1.341, 1.305, 1.286, 1.273, 1.311, and 1.404, respectively, while the dispersity of the parent dextrin was 2.052. These results suggest that the preparative approach, gradient PEG precipitation, is applicable in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, and that a weakly alkaline environment is optimal for dextrin fractionation.

['Chemical Fractionation', 'Dextrins', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Manihot', 'Molecular Weight', 'Polyethylene Glycols']

[['E05.196.155'], ['D05.750.078.562.855.375', 'D09.301.915.400', 'D09.698.365.855.400'], ['G02.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.535'], ['G02.494'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Diet, cow's milk protein antibodies and the risk of IDDM in Finnish children. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.

Associations of infant feeding patterns and milk consumption with cow's milk protein antibody titres were studied in 697 newly-diagnosed diabetic children, 415 sibling-control children and 86 birth-date- and sex-matched population-based control children in the nationwide "Childhood Diabetes in Finland" study. IgA and IgG antibody titres to the proteins of cow's milk formula, BLG and BSA, and IgM antibody titres to cow's milk formula proteins were measured by ELISA. Several inverse correlations were observed between the duration of breast-feeding or age at introduction of dairy products and antibody titres, and positive correlations were observed between milk consumption and antibody titres in all three populations studied. Multivariate analyses which included the infant feeding variables, milk consumption and current age simultaneously showed that the earlier the introduction of dairy products and the greater the consumption of milk was, the higher several antibody titres were. High IgA antibody titres to cow's milk formula were associated with a greater risk of IDDM both among diabetic-population-control and diabetic-sibling-control pairs when adjusted for other cow's milk antibody titres, dietary variables and in diabetic-sibling-control pairs also for ICA. The results suggest that young age at introduction of dairy products and high milk consumption during childhood increase the levels of cow's milk antibodies and that high IgA antibodies to cow's milk formula are independently associated with increased risk of IDDM.

['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Autoantibodies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Infant', 'Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Insulin Antibodies', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Milk', 'Milk Proteins', 'Risk Factors']

[['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G07.203.650.220.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.656', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.656', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.656'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Combined intravenous treatment with ascorbic acid and desferrioxamine to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury in an experimental model resembling the clinical setting of primary PCI.

INTRODUCTION: During reperfusion of ischemic myocardium, oxygen-derived free radicals are produced and can cause deleterious effects, known as reperfusion injury. We aimed to determine if a combination of the antioxidant ascorbic acid and an iron-chelating agent desferrioxamine, which reduces the production of the hydroxyl radical via ferrum-catalyzed reactions, can exert a protective action against reperfusion injury.METHODS: Twenty-two young male farm pigs were anesthetized and subjected to 45 mins of ischemia and 3 and a half hours of reperfusion, in the left circumflex coronary artery territory, via the inflation and deflation of an angioplasty balloon. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either an intravenous infusion of 100 mg/ kg ascorbic acid and 60 mg/kg desferrioxamine (treatment group, TG) or an equal amount of normal saline (control group, CG). The I/R ratio, the ratio of the infarcted (necrotic) zone (I) to the myocardial area at risk (R) after 3 and a half hours of reperfusion, was calculated using the tetrazolium staining method. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), number of episodes of ventricular arrhythmias, TIMI flow in the reperfused vessel, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated within the first hour post reperfusion in order to assess further injury severity.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the I/R between the TG (27.9 ± 2.2%) and the CG (32.9 ± 2.4%) (p=0.15). In both groups there was a significant reduction in LVEF (-11.6 ± 2.28% for TG and -12.0 ± 2.27% for CG, p<0.01 for both groups) and a significant increase in LVEDP (+3.2 ± 0.9 mmHg for TG and +4.6 ± 0.9 mmHg for CG, p<0.01 for both groups) compared to the baseline values. No significant difference was noted between groups (p=0.61 for LVEF and p=0.60 for LVEDP values, at one hour post reperfusion). In all other parameters measured, no significant difference was observed between the study groups.CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous treatment with a combination of the antioxidant ascorbic acid and the iron-chelating agent desferrioxamine does not provide significant protection against myocardial reperfusion injury.

['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Deferoxamine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Myocardium', 'Random Allocation', 'Stroke Volume', 'Sus scrofa']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['D02.092.570.394.265', 'D02.241.511.372.265'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Massive Fulminant Thrombosis During Liver Transplantation in a Patient With a Previously Unknown Antithrombin Pathway Mutation.

We describe a case of fulminant intraoperative thrombosis during deceased donor liver transplantation. Despite significant medical bleeding, the patient suddenly developed diffuse thrombosis in all chambers of the heart and pulmonary vasculature resulting in intraoperative death. The patient's postmortem genetic analysis demonstrated a deleterious missense mutation in a coagulation pathway gene, SERPINC1, which codes for antithrombin III. The level of antithrombin III was not available to directly prove the causality of thrombosis, but our findings suggest that this mutation, in combination with antifibrinolytic administration in a hypercoagulable cirrhotic patient, might have contributed to the development of this catastrophic thrombotic event.

['Antithrombin III', 'End Stage Liver Disease', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Thrombosis']

[['D12.644.861.060.500', 'D12.776.124.790.106.125', 'D12.776.377.715.085.125', 'D12.776.872.060.500', 'D23.113.025'], ['C06.552.308.500.177'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C14.907.355.830']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Single-stage anterior debridement and fusion with autografting and internal fixation for pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis can be successfully treated by non-operative methods. However, the typical operation for this condition includes debridement of the infected site, bone grafting and internal fixation to stabilize the spine. Single-stage anterior debridement and fusion with autografting and internal fixation of one spinal segment were performed on nine patients with pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis. This operative procedure is rarely documented for pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis.AIM: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of single-stage anterior debridement, autografting and internal fixation of one spinal segment for pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis.RESULTS: At the final follow-up, seven out of the nine patients were pain free. Two patients had mild, intermittent back pain (Visual Analogue Scale rating of 1-2), which represented an improvement from their preoperative pain. All nine patients had no clinical, laboratory or radiological evidence of recurrence of infection. Moreover, all the patients showed solid bony fusion.CONCLUSION: Based on the limited population studied, it suggested that this technique may be a safe and effective operative procedure for appropriate pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis in patients.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Debridement', 'Discitis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Ilium', 'Low Back Pain', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Treatment Outcome']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Respiratory physiology teaching: determination of residual volume by applying the indicator-dilution technique.

Apart from the current teaching of spirometric methods in laboratory courses on respiratory physiology, we have included an experiment in which medical students determine their own residual volume by applying the indicator-dilution technique. For hygienic reasons we used a bag-in-the-box system to dilute helium within alveolar space by performing the single-breath method. Although each participant independently underwent only one single-breath maneuver, we gained a reliable relationship between residual volume and subjects' height and body weight in 68 female (r = 0.6, P < 0.0001) and 99 male (r = 0.42, P < 0.0001) students. From this successful outcome and with the opportunity to discuss the limitations of the single-breath method as well, we inferred that this experiment affords a transparent and instructive approach to interpreting the determination of lung volumes on the basis of the indicator-dilution technique.

['Adult', 'Education, Medical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indicator Dilution Techniques', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Physiology', 'Residual Volume', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena', 'Teaching']

[['M01.060.116'], ['I02.358.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.484'], ['E05.599.395'], ['H01.158.782'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.275.650', 'G09.772.850.390.820'], ['G09.772'], ['I02.903']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Clinical observation of twelve cases of testicular cancer].

Twelve cases of testicular cancer were treated at our Department of Urology between 1984 and 1985. The mean age of the patients was 35.2 years old. Eight of them were pure seminoma in histology, other cases were non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGT). Seven cases were of stage I testicular cancer, 3 cases were of stage IIA, and 2 cases were of stage IIB. Patients with stages I and IIA seminoma were given radiation to the ipsilateral iliac and bilateral paraaortic caval nodes to the crura of the diaphragma. Two patients with stage IIB seminoma were treated with PVB therapy and retroperitoneal lymph node resection. Chemotherapy containing CDDP was effective to reduce the tumor size. Two cases were of stage I NSGT, one case was treated with high orchiectomy only, and the other case was treated with chemotherapy after high orchiectomy. Chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node resection were given to two patients with stage IIA NSGT. Abnormally elevated values of lactate dehydrogenase were observed in cases with a primary tumors weight larger than about 100 g. Six of the 8 cases of pure seminoma had slightly elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Two cases with bilateral testicular cancer were found among the 12 cases so that necessity of meticulous palpation of remaining testis was felt. Recurrent change was not observed in any of the 12 cases so that testicular cancer is considered to be an almost curable disease.

['Adult', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mesonephroma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Teratoma', 'Testicular Neoplasms', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.557.465.330.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.465.910'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Thermal behavior of inosine 5'-monophosphate in acidic form and as alkali and alkaline earth salts.

Inosine 5'-monophosphate in acidic form and its lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium were prepared from the sodium salt, characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and submitted to thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled to infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) of the volatile products evolved during heating. All the salts were hydrated containing from 4 to 7.5 H2O. After dehydration these salts decomposed releasing the nitrogenous base followed by the ribose group, and producing pyrophosphates as final residue. Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA) reveled the release of water, isocyanic acid and hydrocyanic acid during decomposition of the organic moiety. It was observed only water loss up to 200 °C. At temperatures above 200 °C, the nucleotides were unstable and decomposed, implying that foods containing those additives should be processed below this temperature. Finally, a general mechanism for the decomposition of the inosinates was proposed.

['Barium', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Inosine Monophosphate', 'Lithium', 'Magnesium', 'Potassium', 'Salts', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Strontium', 'Temperature', 'Thermogravimetry', 'Water']

[['D01.268.552.050', 'D01.268.556.062', 'D01.552.539.124', 'D01.552.544.062'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.616.500', 'D13.695.667.616.500', 'D13.695.827.519.500'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.786'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['D01.268.552.850', 'D01.268.556.825', 'D01.552.539.861', 'D01.552.544.825'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E05.196.904'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Antihypertensive therapy: why and how?].

Many clinical trials have shown that lowering increased blood pressure by an antihypertensive agent reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality due to hypertension. Despite these beneficial effects, several questions remain largely unanswered, particularly with respect to the degree of cardiovascular protection conferred by the antihypertensive complications. This article addresses some of these questions by reviewing the recommended means of lowering the blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The clinical value of effective blood pressure control throughout the 24 hour period is discussed together with the therapeutic strategies available to obtain this objective.

['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Diet, Sodium-Restricted', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Weight Loss']

[['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['E02.642.249.290', 'G07.203.650.240.290'], ['E02.319.310'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Coexistant gastric duplication and accessory pancreas: clinical manifestations, embryogenesis, and treatment.

Combined gastric and pancreatic duplications are uncommon. Although patients usually present with symptoms of intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding may occur if the duplication ulcerates and erodes into a neighboring hollow viscus. An upper GI series and barium enema are helpful in making a diagnosis. Combined duplications probably are produced during embryologic development by traction along a neuroenteric band between the stomach and pancreas. Simple surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

['Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatectomy', 'Stomach', 'Ureter', 'Urography']

[['E04.210.419'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A03.734'], ['E04.210.752'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['A05.810.776'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Divalent Metal-Ion Complexes with Dipeptide Ligands Having Phe and His Side-Chain Anchors: Effects of Sequence, Metal Ion, and Anchor.

Conformational preferences have been surveyed for divalent metal cation complexes with the dipeptide ligands AlaPhe, PheAla, GlyHis, and HisGly. Density functional theory results for a full set of complexes are presented, and previous experimental infrared spectra, supplemented by a number of newly recorded spectra obtained with infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy, provide experimental verification of the preferred conformations in most cases. The overall structural features of these complexes are shown, and attention is given to comparisons involving peptide sequence, nature of the metal ion, and nature of the side-chain anchor. A regular progression is observed as a function of binding strength, whereby the weakly binding metal ions (Ba(2+) to Ca(2+)) transition from carboxylate zwitterion (ZW) binding to charge-solvated (CS) binding, while the stronger binding metal ions (Ca(2+) to Mg(2+) to Ni(2+)) transition from CS binding to metal-ion-backbone binding (Iminol) by direct metal-nitrogen bonds to the deprotonated amide nitrogens. Two new sequence-dependent reversals are found between ZW and CS binding modes, such that Ba(2+) and Ca(2+) prefer ZW binding in the GlyHis case but prefer CS binding in the HisGly case. The overall binding strength for a given metal ion is not strongly dependent on the sequence, but the histidine peptides are significantly more strongly bound (by 50-100 kJ mol(-1)) than the phenylalanine peptides.

['Carboxylic Acids', 'Cations, Divalent', 'Cations, Monovalent', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Dipeptides', 'Histidine', 'Models, Molecular', 'Phenylalanine', 'Quantum Theory', 'Thermodynamics']

[['D02.241'], ['D01.248.497.300.333'], ['D01.248.497.300.459'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['G01.906']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Management of Vocal Fold Scars by Concurrent Nanofat and Microfat Grafting.

Vocal fold scarring is the cause of severe dysphonia and represents a therapeutic challenge; dysphagia can also be present in case of soft tissue defect due to previous oncological surgery. The ideal surgical solution should concurrently provide vocal fold augmentation and re-establishment of tissue elasticity. Nanofat technique has given so far promising results in remodeling skin scars and improving tissue pliability. The present paper describes for the first time the use of nanofat injected into the vocal fold cover for pliability restoration, combined with traditional microfat for vocal fold augmentation. Seven patients (aged 23-77 years) affected by severe dysphonia, related to extensive vocal fold scarring (3 of them were also affected by dysphagia for liquid consistencies), underwent a single procedure of concurrent microfat and nanofat vocal fold injection under direct microlaryngoscopy in general anesthesia. Results were evaluated by objective outcome measures and auto evaluation performed by questionnaires concerning the phonatory and swallowing efficiency. The voice quality and the perceived swallowing capability of all patients improved after surgery and are stable at follow-up (4-8 months). The reported preliminary data show that nanofat, due to its regenerative potential related to adipose-derived stem cells and growth factors, can be a promising adjunct to traditional fat augmentation to improve elasticity of the delicate multilayered structure of the vocal fold and to enhance its vibratory capabilities. Further experience on a wider number of patients and long-term follow-up are necessary to confirm the validity of this technique.

['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Cicatrix', 'Deglutition', 'Dysphonia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laryngoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Vocal Cords', 'Voice Quality', 'Young Adult']

[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155.197'], ['A10.165.450.300', 'C23.550.355.274', 'G16.762.891.249'], ['G10.261.178'], ['C08.360.940.325', 'C09.400.940.325', 'C10.597.975.325', 'C23.888.592.979.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.386.460', 'E01.370.388.250.525', 'E04.502.250.525', 'E04.580.373'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.329.364.737'], ['G09.772.925.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Coevolution of killer cell Ig-like receptors with HLA-C to become the major variable regulators of human NK cells.

Interactions between HLA class I and killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) diversify human NK cell responses. Dominant KIR ligands are the C1 and C2 epitopes of MHC-C, a young locus restricted to humans and great apes. C1- and C1-specific KIRs evolved first, being present in orangutan and functionally like their human counterparts. Orangutans lack C2 and C2-specific KIRs, but have a unique C1+C2-specific KIR that binds equally to C1 and C2. A receptor with this specificity likely provided the mechanism by which C2-KIR interaction evolved from C1-KIR while avoiding a nonfunctional intermediate, that is, either orphan receptor or ligand. Orangutan inhibitory MHC-C-reactive KIRs pair with activating receptors of identical avidity and specificity, contrasting with the selective attenuation of human activating KIRs. The orangutan C1-specific KIR reacts or cross-reacts with all four polymorphic epitopes (C1, C2, Bw4, and A3/11) recognized by human KIRs, revealing their structural commonality. Saturation mutagenesis at specificity-determining position 44 demonstrates that KIRs are inherently restricted to binding just these four epitopes, either individually or in combination. This restriction frees most HLA-A and HLA-B variants to be dedicated TCR ligands, not subject to conflicting pressures from the NK cell and T cell arms of the immune response.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'HLA-C Antigens', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pongo', 'Receptors, KIR']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.600', 'D12.776.543.550.439.600', 'D23.050.301.500.100.600', 'D23.050.301.500.450.390', 'D23.050.705.552.100.600', 'D23.050.705.552.450.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.635'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.500']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by glial cells exposed to simulated ischemia or elevated hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in cocultured retinal ganglion cells.

Although glial cells in the optic nerve head undergo a reactivation process in glaucoma, the role of glial cells during glaucomatous neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells is unknown. Using a coculture system in which retinal ganglion cells and glial cells are grown on different layers but share the same culture medium, we studied the influences of glial cells on survival of retinal ganglion cells after exposure to different stress conditions typified by simulated ischemia and elevated hydrostatic pressure. After the exposure to these stressors, we observed that glial cells secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as well as other noxious agents such as nitric oxide into the coculture media and facilitated the apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells as assessed by morphology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and caspase activity. The glial origin of these noxious effects was confirmed by passive transfer experiments. Furthermore, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis was attenuated approximately 66% by a neutralizing antibody against TNF-alpha and 50% by a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (1400W). Because elevated intraocular pressure and ischemia are two prominent stress factors identified in the eyes of patients with glaucoma, these findings reveal a novel glia-initiated pathogenic mechanism for retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma. In addition, these findings suggest that the inhibition of TNF-alpha that is released by reactivated glial cells may provide a novel therapeutic target for neuroprotection in the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Caspases', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Glaucoma', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Ischemia', 'Neuroglia', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Rats', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Stilbamidines', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['C11.525.381'], ['G01.374.715.352'], ['E05.393.475'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['D02.078.766', 'D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.550'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Ultrasonographically detected changes in equine superficial digital flexor tendons during the first months of race training.

The forelimb superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendons of 6 Thoroughbreds were examined clinically and ultrasonographically during the first 4 months of race training. Sonograms were interpreted clinically and by use of computer-aided analysis. Tendon tissue from all horses was examined histologically at the end of the study. Computer-aided analysis of sonograms of the SDF tendons revealed trends toward an increase in mean cross-sectional area and a decrease in mean echogenicity over time with training. An inverse relation was found between increase in cross-sectional area and decrease in mean echogenicity over time in training. Two of the trained horses developed clinical signs of mild SDF tendonitis. Ultrasonography revealed an increase in cross-sectional area and decrease in mean echogenicity of clinically affected areas of the SDF tendons of 1 horse, compared with changes observed prior to the onset of tendonitis (these changes were not statistically significant). Blood vessels and lymphatics supplying the clinically and ultrasonographically affected tendon sites were large and thick-walled. These changes were not observed in the tendons of the other horses at the end of the study. The authors conclude that equine SDF tendons adapt to the early months of race training by increasing in size and decreasing in echogenicity, as determined by ultrasonography.

['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Forelimb', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Male', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Running', 'Tendinopathy', 'Tendons', 'Ultrasonography']

[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A13.395'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['C05.651.869', 'C26.874.800'], ['A02.880'], ['E01.370.350.850']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Substance P and acetylcholine both suppress the same K+ current in dissociated smooth muscle cells.

The effect of substance P on freshly dissociated gastric smooth muscle cells was examined electrophysiologically. Substance P caused depolarization, associated with a membrane conductance decrease, which led to the generation of action potentials and contraction. When the membrane potential was held constant under voltage clamp, substance P induced a net inward current, also associated with a conductance decrease. The net inward current resulted from suppression of an outward K+ current, one which resembled the acetylcholine-sensitive M-current in these cells. When substance P maximally suppressed this outward K+ current, acetylcholine (ACh) had no additional effect. Conversely, when ACh fully suppressed the M-current, substance P was without additional effect. These results indicate that substance P suppresses the same outward K+ current affected by ACh. Suppression of M-current by substance P was observed in approximately half (44 of 85) of the cells studied in these experiments. In those cells that did not respond to substance P, ACh was nevertheless capable of suppressing the M-current. Thus both substance P and cholinergic agonists appear to exert their excitatory effects on smooth muscle cells by inhibiting a common K+ current.

['Acetylcholine', 'Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Bufo marinus', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Physalaemin', 'Potassium', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-1', 'Receptors, Neurotransmitter', 'Substance P']

[['D02.092.211.111'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210.580'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.800', 'D12.644.400.800.625', 'D12.644.456.800.745', 'D12.776.467.812.900.800', 'D12.776.631.650.800.625', 'D20.888.033.728', 'D23.469.050.375.850.780', 'D23.529.812.900.800', 'D23.946.833.033.728'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.720'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Serological evidence of continued Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in Singapore nearly three decades after end of pig farming.

BACKGROUND: Singapore used to report an annual average of 14 cases of Japanese encephalitis, but ever since the abolishment of pig farms in the early 1990s, the local incidence rate for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections has reduced drastically. Studies done in the early 2000s demonstrated the presence of JEV-specific antibodies in animals such as wild boars, dogs, chickens and goats on the offshore island and peripheral parts of the Singapore, indicative of prior JEV exposure. A JEV wildlife and sentinel chicken surveillance system was initiated in 2010 through to 2017 to study the animal host seroprofiles.RESULTS: A total of 12/371 (3.23%) of resident bird samples, 24/254 (9.45%) of migratory bird samples and 10/66 (15.16%) of wild boar samples were positive for the presence of JEV antibodies. Seroconversions in sentinel chickens were observed at two time points. Through this study, two sites with active transmission of JEV amongst avian or porcine hosts were identified.CONCLUSIONS: JEV transmission in animal hosts has continued despite the phasing out of pig farming nearly thirty years ago; however, the public health risk of transmission remains low. Environmental management for mosquito population remains key to keeping this risk low.

['Animal Migration', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Birds', 'Chickens', 'Encephalitis Virus, Japanese', 'Encephalitis, Japanese', 'Farms', 'Sentinel Surveillance', 'Singapore', 'Sus scrofa', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Time Factors']

[['F01.145.113.069.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['B04.820.230.475.227', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.227'], ['C01.207.245.340.300.400', 'C01.207.399.750.300.400', 'C01.920.500.343.345', 'C01.925.081.343.345', 'C01.925.182.525.300.250', 'C01.925.782.310.345', 'C01.925.782.350.250.300', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.300.400', 'C10.228.228.245.340.300.400', 'C10.228.228.399.750.300.400'], ['J01.040.372', 'J03.540.150'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700.650', 'E05.318.650', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625.650', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700.650', 'N06.850.520.699', 'N06.850.780.675.650'], ['Z01.252.145.774'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Tritium in Japanese precipitation following the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant accident.

Tritium concentrations in Japanese precipitation samples collected after the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP1) were measured. Values exceeding the pre-accident background were detected at three out of seven localities (Tsukuba, Kashiwa and Hongo) southwest of the FNPP1 at distances varying between 170 and 220 km from the source. The highest tritium content was found in the first rainfall in Tsukuba after the accident; however concentrations were 500 times less than the regulatory limit for tritium in drinking water. Tritium concentrations decreased steadily and rapidly with time, becoming indistinguishable from the pre-accident values within five weeks. The atmospheric tritium activities in the vicinity of the FNPP1 during the earliest stage of the accident was estimated to be 1.5?10(3) Bq/m(3), which is potentially capable of producing rainwater exceeding the regulatory limit, but only in the immediate vicinity of the source.

['Fukushima Nuclear Accident', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Radioactive Pollutants', 'Rain', 'Time Factors', 'Tritium']

[['K01.400.504.984.186', 'N06.850.135.848.750'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['D20.693'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]

['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Intrastromal corneal ring segments in a patient with previous laser in situ keratomileusis.

PURPOSE: Intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS; Intacs) were inserted in a patient with residual myopia of -3.375 D (spherical equivalent) 10 months after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: A standard intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation technique was used with the addition of intraoperative ultrasonic pachymetry in 4 quadrants at the 7-mm zone to insure adequate stromal thickness for segment insertion.RESULTS: Four months after ICRS surgery and 14 months after LASIK, the patient had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 and a cycloplegic refraction of plano -1.00 x 23 degrees.CONCLUSION: Implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments in an eye with previous LASIK resulted in additional corneal flattening with a decrease in residual myopia and improved uncorrected visual acuity.

['Corneal Stroma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ', 'Middle Aged', 'Myopia', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Prosthesis Implantation', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Visual Acuity']

[['A09.371.060.217.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594.480.750', 'E04.014.520.480.750', 'E04.378.500.750', 'E04.540.825.437.374'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.744.636'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E07.695'], ['E04.650'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

A/T mutagenesis in hypermutated immunoglobulin genes strongly depends on PCNAK164 modification.

B cells use translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) to introduce somatic mutations around genetic lesions caused by activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Monoubiquitination at lysine(164) of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA(K164)) stimulates TLS. To determine the role of PCNA(K164) modifications in somatic hypermutation, PCNA(K164R) knock-in mice were generated. PCNA(K164R/K164R) mutants are born at a sub-Mendelian frequency. Although PCNA(K164R/K164R) B cells proliferate and class switch normally, the mutation spectrum of hypermutated immunoglobulin (Ig) genes alters dramatically. A strong reduction of mutations at template A/T is associated with a compensatory increase at G/C, which is a phenotype similar to polymerase eta (Poleta) and mismatch repair-deficient B cells. Mismatch recognition, monoubiquitinated PCNA, and Poleta likely cooperate in establishing mutations at template A/T during replication of Ig genes.

['Adenine', 'Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytosine', 'DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Homozygote', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Ubiquitin']

[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D03.383.742.698.421'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.380.554'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['D12.776.947.500']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

A robust GC-MS method for the quantitation of fatty acids in biological systems.

Fatty acids (FAs) are involved in a wide range of functions in biological systems. It is important to measure the exact amount of fatty acids in biological matrices in order to determine the level of fatty acids and understand the role they play. The ability to quantify fatty acids in various systems, especially plant species and microbes has recently paved the way to the mass production of pharmaceuticals and energy substitutes including biodiesel. This chapter describes an efficient method to quantify the total fatty acids (TFAs) in biological systems using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a commercially available standard mix of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using a step-by-step methodology to setup a quantitation method using the Agilent Chemstation software.

['Fatty Acids', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry']

[['D10.251'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Taxonomic review of the plant bug subfamily Isometopinae for Taiwan and Japanese Southwest Islands, with descriptions of new taxa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Isometopinae).

The fauna of plant bug subfamily Isometopinae in Taiwan and Japanese Southwest (Nansei) Islands is reviewed. Twenty-five species are recognized, including two new species of Myiomma Puton, M. austroccidens sp. nov. and M. kentingense sp. nov., which are herein diagnosed and described. In addition, Isometopus yehi Lin, 2004 is synonymized with I. bipunctatus Lin; Isometopidea yangi Lin is transferred to Kohnometopus; and a substitute name, Alcecoris linyangorum, is proposed for A. formosanus (Lin Yang) (= a junior secondary homonym of Alcecoris formosanus Lin). An annotated checklist, with updated distributional record and biological information, is provided for all treated taxa. A new tribe Sophianini is proposed for two genera, Alcecoris and Sophianus, characterized principally by the conspicuously modified antennal structures. An additional new species, Alcecoris cochlearatus sp. nov., found during examination of related Oriental specimens, is described from the Malay Peninsula.

['Animal Distribution', 'Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Heteroptera', 'Islands', 'Malaysia', 'Organ Size', 'Taiwan']

[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.420'], ['G16.500.275.505', 'N06.230.295', 'Z01.639'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

M current regulates firing mode and spike reliability in a collision-detecting neuron.

All animals must detect impending collisions to escape and reliably discriminate them from nonthreatening stimuli, thus preventing false alarms. Therefore, it is no surprise that animals have evolved highly selective and sensitive neurons dedicated to such tasks. We examined a well-studied collision-detection neuron in the grasshopper ( Schistocerca americana) using in vivo electrophysiology, pharmacology, and computational modeling. This lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron is excitable by inputs originating from each ommatidia of the compound eye. It possesses many intrinsic properties that increase its selectivity to objects approaching on a collision course, including switching between burst and nonburst firing. In this study, we demonstrate that the LGMD neuron exhibits a large M current, generated by noninactivating K+ channels, that shortens the temporal window of dendritic integration, regulates a firing mode switch between burst and isolated spiking, increases the precision of spike timing, and increases the reliability of spike propagation to downstream motor centers. By revealing how the M current increases the LGMD's ability to detect impending collisions, our results suggest that similar channels may play an analogous role in other collision detection circuits. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ability to reliably detect impending collisions is a critical survival skill. The nervous systems of many animals have developed dedicated neurons for accomplishing this task. We used a mix of in vivo electrophysiology and computational modeling to investigate the role of M potassium channels within one such collision-detecting neuron and show that through regulation of burst firing and enhancement of spiking reliability, the M current increases the ability to detect impending collisions.

['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Grasshoppers', 'Models, Neurological', 'Motion Perception', 'Movement', 'Potassium Channels', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Sensory Receptor Cells']

[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678.369'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Internet communities for recruitment of cancer patients into an Internet survey: a discussion paper.

The purpose of this paper is to provide future directions for the usage of Internet communities (ICs) for recruitment of research participants based on issues raised in an Internet survey among 132 cancer patients. About 317 general and 233 ethnic-specific Internet Cancer Support Groups and 1588 ethnic-specific ICs were contacted to recruit cancer patients. Research staff recorded issues and wrote memos during the recruitment process. The written memos and records were later analyzed using content analysis. The issues included: (a) difficulty in identifying appropriate ICs and potential participants, (b) meta-tags, (c) dominant white and women groups, (d) dynamics inside ICs, (e) difficulty in trust building, and (f) potential selection bias. The findings suggest that researchers thoroughly review the ICs' information, be recognizant of potential gender and ethnic issues and current trends in Internet interaction, and consider potential selection bias.

['Attitude to Computers', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Data Collection', 'Decision Making, Computer-Assisted', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Nursing Assessment', 'Nursing Evaluation Research', 'Pain', 'Patient Selection', 'Research', 'Selection Bias', 'Self-Help Groups', 'Sex Factors', 'Trust', 'United States']

[['F01.100.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['L01.313.500.750.100'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['C04'], ['N04.590.233.508.480'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.432', 'H02.478.395.432', 'N04.590.233.508.613.432'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['H01.770.644'], ['N05.715.350.150.775', 'N06.850.490.500.500'], ['N03.540.782'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.829.401.825'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

The role of integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound in characterizing bare metal and drug-eluting stent restenotic neointima as compared to optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) in assessing the morphology of neointima in bare-metal stent (BMS) and drug-eluting stent (DES) restenosis as compared to the gold-standard, optical coherence tomography (OCT).METHODS: A total of 120 cross-sections were evaluated by IB-IVUS and OCT at five cross-sections from 24 patients (24 lesions): at the minimal lumen area (MLA) and at 1 and 2mm proximal and distal to the MLA site in 24 lesions (9 treated with DES and 15 treated with BMS). IB-IVUS and OCT findings were analyzed according to the time at which restenosis was identified (early <12 months and late ?12 months) and the stent type.RESULTS: IB-IVUS was found to correctly characterize the neointima of both BMS and DES in-stent restenosis (ISR) as compared to OCT. The overall agreement between the pattern of ISR neointima by IB-IVUS and that by OCT was excellent (kappa=0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.94). Late DES ISR was characterized by more non-homogeneous, low backscatter and lipid-laden neointima, as compared to the BMS equivalent (BMS vs. DES, 45.0% vs. 80.0%, p<0.01; 51.7% vs. 85.0%, p=0.008; 33.3% vs. 65.0%, p<0.01, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: IB-IVUS assessment of the ISR neointima pattern appears to provide similar information as the gold-standard OCT in patients with stable angina. Both modalities suggested that late DES restenosis is characterized by a non-homogeneous lipid-laden neointima.

['Aged', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Restenosis', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neointima', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Stents', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.285.200', 'C14.907.585.250.285.200'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.722'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Atrophy of the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus in Huntington's disease.

The hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (NTL) was studied in the formalin-fixed brains of five patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and in five age- and sex-matched controls. With the Kl?ver-Barrera (luxol fast blue/cresyl violet) and hematoxylin and eosin stains the NTL was defined by its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. The nucleus was composed of one type of neuron and had about 60,000 cells. In HD, up to 90% neuronal loss was found in the NTL. The remaining neurons showed features of degeneration and there was astrocytosis. The estimated total number of glial cells in the NTL was reduced to 80% of the control values, which was exclusively accounted for by a reduction of 40% in the number of oligodendrocytes. The total number of astrocytes was unchanged. Grouping of astrocytes and the changes observed in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunocytochemistry suggested that astrocytic proliferation occurred.

['Brain', 'Cell Count', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Humans', 'Huntington Disease', 'Hypothalamic Area, Lateral', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neurons', 'Reference Values']

[['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.300', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.978.810']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Regulation of interstitial cell differentiation in Hydra attenuata. VI. Positional pattern of nerve cell commitment is independent of local nerve cell density.

The interstitial cell of hydra is a multipotent stem cell, which produces nerve cells as one of its differentiated cell types. The amount of interstitial cell commitment to nerve differentiation varies in an axially dependent pattern along the body column. The distribution of nerve cell density has the same equivalent axial pattern. These facts have led to speculation that the regulation of nerve cell commitment is dictated by the nerve cell density. We examined this question by assaying interstitial cell commitment behaviour in 2 cases where the normal nerve cell density of the tissue had been perturbed: (1) in epithelial hydra in which no nerve cells were present; and (2) in hydra derived from regenerating-tip isolates in which the nerve density was increased nearly 4-fold. We found no evidence of regulation of nerve cell commitment in response to the abnormal nerve cell densities. However, the typical axial pattern of nerve commitment was still obtained in both sets of experiments, which suggests that interstitial cell commitment to nerve differentiation is dependent on some parameter of axial location that is not associated directly with the local nerve cell density.

['Animals', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Movement', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Hydra', 'Neurons', 'Regeneration']

[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.500.308.485.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G16.762']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Economic Evaluation of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is increasingly being used to support patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but its cost-effectiveness is unknown. We assessed the cost-utility of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults compared with standard lung protective ventilation from the perspective of the healthcare system.DESIGN: We conducted a cost-utility analysis with a cohort state transition decision model using a lifetime time horizon, 1.5% discount rate, and outcomes reported as cost per quality-adjusted life year. Literature reviews were conducted to inform the model variables. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess uncertainty in the model.SETTING: Canadian publicly funded healthcare system.PATIENTS: Hypothetical cohort of adults with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.INTERVENTIONS: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or standard lung protective ventilation.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In our model, the use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation compared with lung protective ventilation resulted in a gain of 5.2 life years and 4.05 quality-adjusted life years, at an additional lifetime cost of $145,697 Canadian dollars. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $36,001/quality-adjusted life year. Sensitivity analyses show that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is sensitive to the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy and costs.CONCLUSIONS: Based on current data, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is cost-effective for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Additional evidence on the efficacy of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome and in different subgroups of patients will allow for greater certainty in its cost-effectiveness.

['Adult', 'Canada', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Models, Economic', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome']

[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E02.880.301', 'E04.292.451'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Use of top tethers with forward-facing child restraints: observations and driver interviews.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the safety benefits, many parents do not use top tethers with forward-facing child restraints. Detailed information was collected about why parents are not using tethers.METHODS: The sample included 479 drivers who had forward-facing child restraints installed in passenger vehicles equipped with tether anchors. The survey was conducted primarily at shopping centers, recreation facilities, child care facilities, car seat check events, and health care facilities in mostly suburban areas surrounding Philadelphia, Washington, DC, Fredericksburg (VA), and Seattle. Drivers were surveyed about their knowledge and use of tethers and experience with child restraints. Tether use was observed to verify whether tethers were being used correctly.RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of forward-facing child restraints were installed with the tether; 39% were installed with the tether used correctly. The tether was used with 71% of LATCH lower anchor installations and 33% of seat belt installations. Drivers who installed child restraints without tethers most often said they did not know about the tether or how to use it.CONCLUSIONS: Although the tether use rate was slightly higher in the current research than in previous studies, many parents and caregivers still use forward-facing child restraints without attaching the tether. Because the main problem is lack of awareness of the tether or how to use it, public education should focus specifically on the safety benefits of tethers and how to use them.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Information about why caregivers fail to use top tethers is potentially useful to child restraint manufacturers, child passenger safety technicians, and others who work with parents to improve motor vehicle safety.

['Automobile Driving', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'District of Columbia', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Equipment', 'Parents', 'Philadelphia', 'Protective Devices', 'Qualitative Research', 'Seat Belts', 'Suburban Population', 'Virginia', 'Washington']

[['I03.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.210', 'Z01.433.429'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E07.490'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.550.525', 'Z01.433.820'], ['E07.700', 'J01.637.708'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['E07.700.800'], ['N01.600.775'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.837', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.870'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]

['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

In vitro antiviral activity of aphidicolin and its derivates. Synergistic effects of aphidicolin with other antiviral drugs.

Twenty derivatives of aphidicolin were tested against HSV (herpes simplex virus), HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) and adenovirus in vitro. In addition, the antiviral activity of aphidicolin (CAS 38966-21-1) in combination with aciclovir (CAS 59277-89-3) or cidofovir (CAS 113852-37-2) against HSV was determined. The antiviral effects were evaluated using plaque reduction assay in Vero cells or human Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFF) for HSV and HCMV, respectively. Combination indexes were calculated using the method of Chou and Talalay. Two derivatives (K14254 and K14266) that are considered to be prodrugs of aphidicolin were shown to inhibit HCMV and HSV replication comparably to aphidicolin. None of the tested substances inhibited adenovirus replication. Aphidicolin acted synergistically with aciclovir in a 1:1 molar ratio and with cidofovir in different ratios. Aphidicolin and its two antiviral active derivatives might represent useful additional tools for antiviral therapy of HSV and HCMV infections, especially in combination with clinically used drugs.

['Adenoviridae', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Aphidicolin', 'Cidofovir', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Cytosine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Synergism', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Organophosphonates', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'Virus Replication']

[['B04.280.030'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D02.455.849.291.075'], ['D02.705.429.437', 'D03.383.742.698.421.216'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['D03.383.742.698.421'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D02.705.429'], ['D02.705'], ['G06.920.925']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Treatment-mediated alterations in HIV fitness preserve CD4+ T cell counts but have minimal effects on viral load.

For most HIV-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy controls viral replication. However, in some patients drug resistance can cause therapy to fail. Nonetheless, continued therapy with a failing regimen can preserve or even lead to increases in CD4+ T cell counts. To understand the biological basis of these observations, we used mathematical models to explain observations made in patients with drug-resistant HIV treated with enfuvirtide (ENF/T-20), an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor. Due to resistance emergence, ENF was removed from the drug regimen, drug-sensitive virus regrown, and ENF was re-administered. We used our model to study the dynamics of plasma-viral RNA and CD4+ T cell levels, and the competition between drug-sensitive and resistant viruses during therapy interruption and re-administration. Focusing on resistant viruses carrying the V38A mutation in gp41, we found ENF-resistant virus to be 17±3% less fit than ENF-sensitive virus in the absence of the drug, and that the loss of resistant virus during therapy interruption was primarily due to this fitness cost. Using viral dynamic parameters estimated from these patients, we show that although re-administration of ENF cannot suppress viral load, it can, in the presence of resistant virus, increase CD4+ T cell counts, which should yield clinical benefits. This study provides a framework to investigate HIV and T cell dynamics in patients who develop drug resistance to other antiretroviral agents and may help to develop more effective strategies for treatment.

['CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Enfuvirtide', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp41', 'HIV Fusion Inhibitors', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Prognosis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']

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['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']