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We're delighted to be working with Sweet Baboo once again! Moshi Moshi are excited to announce the new album from Sweet Baboo, aka North Wales' musician Stephen Black, on 2 June. "When you feel the need for space, run away from place to place," he sings, offering an irresistible invitation: "Here's two train tickets, let's go!" After the Harry Nilsson-esque love songs of 2015's The Boombox Ballads, Black embarks on a new mission on Wild Imagination: to find the perfect pick-me-up antidote to the winter of our discontent. The result is a bright, wry, melodically buoyant and sweetly melancholy tonic from the North Wales (born in Trefriw, near Snowdonia; now Cardiff-based) singer: a tribute to the joys of travel and the warming return home alike. Previously, Black's co-travelling collaborators have included Carmarthenshire's Cate Le Bon. But his sweet sentiments and winning melodies have been constant companions for all open-hearted listeners since 2003. And they prove so once more on Wild Imagination, with impeccable timing. The ten positive missives assembled for Wild Imagination are fully alert to the transporting and restorative possibilities of pop music. The lovingly nurtured, brass-warmed introduction of The Gardener is Black's attempt to mimic the insta-pep opening of The Beach Boys' California Girls; co-conspirator Paul Jones provided the arrangement, Black and multi-instrumentalist Rob Jones played the music. Another influence was Moog wizard Mort Garson's 1976 LP Plantasia, an album made for tending plants to: tending one's garden being very much on Black's mind here. Black's church of pop uplift is a broad one. While Boombox looked to everyone from Nilsson to Scott Walker for inspiration, Wild Imagination frames Black as a gently inquisitive psych-pop explorer of pop classicism's outer reaches, forever seeking out fresh melodies to brighten the perspective on a darkening world. A user-friendly spirit is sustained with a second-half segue in the shape of The Night Gardener, another instrumental. Hold On, meanwhile, is a lovingly intimate pick-you-up delivered with an abundance of charm. "Hold on to that smile, that smile makes coming home worthwhile," sings Black, summing up the joys of returning home after time on tour. A spirit of romance continues to fuel Black towards the album's close. On Humberside, he counts his blessings and suggests a trip to Yorkshire to ease the soul. Finally, he ventures out to America's West Coast and back for Californ-I-A, a gently lapping lullaby for the weary traveler or child and a lovingly Nilsson-esque send-off for an album rich in warmth and wonder. Either way, by train or ship, bag a ticket and hop on board. If 2017 is getting you down, a little Wild Imagination might just lift you out of it for a while. Main support comes from Douga. Douga combine a love for melody and classic songwriting with influences from the worlds of experimental and improvised music. They've previously supported artists such as Omni, H Hawkline, Meg Baird, Quilt and Lorelle Meets The Obsolete. Their music has been played on BBC 6 Music and Radio 3. They've steadily been building a reputation for their live shows which showcase their knack for interesting textures and expansive arrangements. Expect songs interspersed with soundscapes, drones, feedback, and a stage littered with pedalboards and bashed up Casios. The band recently completed a second album, due for release in the autumn. Opening the show are Other Animals. Other Animals are the Australian group that left Melbourne, the country's greatest city for live music, to relocate to European pastures. Fast forward to late 2016 and the band have finished their debut album: a gargantuan rock opera that underscores the bands eclectic experience in songwriting. The flute, horns, strings and percussion are pure icing. Delicious, indulgent and probably bad for your teeth.

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What do we think qualifies a great leader? A leader inspires others by empowerment. They use qualities like motivation and inspiration . They encourage others and bring out the best in everyone around them. A leader is usually a visionary. They see possibilities and solutions that no one else sees. They know how to make those visions come to fruition. A leader never loses focus on the end result. Once their goal is determined, they will encounter obstacles, but they maintain patience and perseverance and they never lose focus on the end result. A leader doesn't get caught up and waste time on petty gossip. A leader continues to focus on what's best for the company, group or organization. A leader is typically a positive person by nature. Sure negative things happen to all of us, but a leader typically responds to a negative situation and is able to put a positive spin on it. A leader is always fair. They treat everyone with mutual respect and they don't take sides based on favoritism. They do what is morally and ethically right, even if the majority doesn't agree. What qualities do you think make a great leader?

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A rugby training session in Honiton had to be cancelled after four children ended up covered in dog faeces. The issue of dog fouling has been blighting the club for years. Youngsters pictured in 2013 show the impact of dog poo at Allhallows. The foul incident happened after a ball was dropped in a pile of poo while Honiton Rugby Football Club's (RFC) under-10s were training at Allhallows playing fields last Wednesday (January 23). Four children ended up with poo smeared over the hands and their kit, and were immediately sent home. It happened only a week after one rugby club refused to attend a match in Honiton due to concerns that the fields would contain faeces. Jerry Rice, secretary of the Honiton RFC, said he was 'saddened' that the club had such a reputation, but aired his frustrations that it was facing the same battle year after year. However, East Devon District Council (EDDC) said the authority's efforts have increased public awareness and reduced the incidence of fouling. Pictured in 2014: Honiton Rugby Club junior chairman, Simon Lancaster and his son Zac, nine, on the pitch. Picture: Alex Walton. Mr Rice said: "We are very disappointed that this has happened again and we have a reputation with the other clubs as having poo on our pitches. "I do not know how many times we have to say 'Surely this is not right!' There should not be any discussion about it - this issue goes beyond rugby. "The fields are used throughout the year - they are just not compatible with dogs. Mr Rice revealed that all of the club's coaches have now armed themselves with poo bags as they continue to tackle the fouling problem at Allhallows. The EDDC spokesman said: "We have given the rugby club clear advice over the past three years that if they were to fence at least the main pitch then it would be possible to consult the community about banning dogs in that area. EDDC said dogs cannot be prohibited from any areas that are not fenced, and it had hoped the club would have arranged for the fencing during 2018. The spokesman added: "Our observations of the area are that the level of fouling on the green space is very low, and the community as a whole makes great efforts to clear up after their dogs to protect the children living there.

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My first bag pattern, if you don't count smaller pouches. I'm pretty excited! I was looking for a classic duffel (duffle? hey, I looked and either way is okay!) pattern and couldn't find one I really liked. So I decided to make my own and make it quilty. There are strips running along the zipper to give it a little something. The ribbon trim on the handles and ribbon pulls on the sides make me happy. The inside is quilted with raw edges hidden away. I have few other bag ideas in my head and think I'll stick to naming them with a Kansas City theme. "Brookside" is a neighborhood, which I love, in Kansas City. All in all, I'm really happy with the bag and the pattern. It feels solid and there is nothing flimsy about it. Measures 22.5″ x 10″. The pattern is heavily detailed with a picture for everything. My goal was to make it easy for a beginner to follow. If you need zippers (this calls for a 22″), Zipit has the largest, most affordable selection and you can save 15% at checkout using code: 627handworks. To enter here: Just leave me a comment. For a second entry share on Facebook and comment that you shared. Instagram: Giveaway for two patterns. Follow me on Instagram (username is @juliehirt) and follow the directions from the image in my feed. You can also purchase a copy of the pattern here or here.

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Amazing body and feel but the taste is so sugary and overwhelmingly coconut and vanilla marshmallow forward that it's hard to drink a 22oz bottle with several friends. Too sweet but a great body. Zero carbonation and so sticky. Equal chocolate and coconut, this beer is exemplary. Both flavors play well in this dark sweet concoction. The only thing that holds it back from a perfect score is that it feels a bit light and carbonated for an imperial stout. Still, this is the best imperial chocolate stout I've had.

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Home Entertainment Socialite, Shay Diva Africa sentenced to 4 years in prison for stealing... Socialite, Shay Diva Africa sentenced to 4 years in prison for stealing Landcruiser from 61-year-old lover Shay Diva Africa was sentenced to four years in prison for stealing a car from her lover. The 30-year-old Kenyan socialite was accused of gaining access to tycoon PJ Dodhia Kumar's TIMs/NTSA account and transferring ownership of the vehicle to herself without following the proper succession procedures. Her lover, Kumar was said to have died in April 2021 at the age of 61. Kamar's family filed a complaint with the police after it was discovered that Shay Diva had taken the vehicle. The family noted that the tycoon had only given the socialite the Landcruiser on a 'use and return basis' as they were intimate at the time. Shay, in her defense, told the court that the Landcruiser was transferred to her without her knowledge and that she learned about it when she accessed her NTSA account. Diva, who was charged with three counts of intermeddling with the family estate, forgery, and stealing, was found guilty of illegally transferring ownership of the Toyota Landcruiser. A guilty verdict was given on November 30, 2022, before she was ultimately sentenced yesterday, December 5, 2022. The judge also ordered the return of the Toyota Landcruiser 200 series back to the family of the deceased. Shay Diva Africa Previous article"The real truth is…" Sammie Okposo's daughter finally speaks about his death Next articleToyin Abraham, Ebuka Uchendu, others hail Tiwa Savage over her iconic look to British Fashion Awards

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Home / Movie Database / Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) Daniel Radcliffe, Gary Oldman, David Thewlis, Peter Best, David Bradley, Julie Christie, Robbie Coltrane, Alfie Enoch, Tom Felton, Pam Ferris, Dawn French, Michael Gambon, Jimmy Gardner, Richard Griffiths, Joshua Herdman, Matt Lewis, Hugh Mitchell, Devon Murray, Katharine Nicholson, Chris Rankin, Maggie Smith, Released: Monday, May 31, 2004 Genre: Sci-Fi/Fantasy Certificate: PG In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry, Ron and Hermione, now teenagers, return for their third year at Hogwarts, where they are forced to face escaped prisoner, Sirius Black, who poses a great threat to Harry. Harry and his friends spend their third year learning how to handle a half-horse half-eagle Hippogriff, repel shape-shifting Boggarts and master the art of Divination. They also visit the wizarding village of Hogsmeade and the Shrieking Shack, which is considered the most haunted building in Britain. In addition to these new experiences, Harry must overcome the threats of the soul-sucking Dementors, outsmart a dangerous werewolf and finally deal with the truth about Sirius Black and his relationship to Harry and his parents. With his best friends, Harry masters advanced magic, crosses the barriers of time and changes the course of more than one life. Directed by Alfonso Cuaron and based on J.K. Rowling 's third book, this wondrous spellbinder soars with laughs, and the kind of breathless surprise only found in a Harry Potter adventure. Purchase DVD/Blu-ray/4K physical copy of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban today at Download Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban in Digital HD/4K from the iTunes store. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban images are © Warner Bros.. All Rights Reserved. Take a Behind the Scenes Look at the Creation of Hagrid's Magica... 04/09/2019 14:19 EST Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure debuted this summer at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Orlando and, now, Harry Potter fans and fans of the ride can take a behind-the-scenes look on the creation of the world's first "story coaster" during the NBC primetime broadcast of "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2" on Saturday, September 7 at 8 p.m. EDT.viewers wil... More>> Win a Dream Vacation to The Wizarding World of Harry Potter! 29/08/2019 15:35 EST Universal Orlando Resort has launched an exciting sweepstakes for Harry Potter fans! The social media sweepstakes will reward two lucky participants with an unforgettable trip to The Wizarding World of Harry Potter.To enter the contest, fans must take to one of their social media channels to showcase their passion for the Wizarding World showing what they'd wear on their visit to the incredibly-im... More>> New Experience in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter 21/02/2019 15:51 EST Today, Universal Orlando Resort announced the new attraction coming to The Wizarding World of Harry Potter this summer.The new ride will be called Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure and will open on June 13, 2019. It will be their most highly themed coaster to date. For the first time ever, guests will fly with Hagrid on a thrilling roller coaster ride that plunges into the path of so... More>> Fantastic Beasts 3 Production Pushed Until Fall 21/01/2019 13:06 EST Warner Bros. has decided to push back the production start date for the upcoming third Fantastic Beasts film. The film was supposed to begin production this July but will be put off until the fall.A spinoff of Harry Potter, the Fantastic Beasts franchise has earned over $1.4 billion dollars so far. It is comprised of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grind... More>> Harry Potter Gets The Jelly Belly Treatment 12/10/2018 23:24 EST Jelly Belly sets the standard for jellybeans worldwide. With a multitude of flavors (some delicious, some disgusting) they offer the unique alongside the tried and true to the delight of fans of the gummy confections. To complement their distinctive brand, Jelly Belly once again commissioned artist Kristen Cumings to create works of art using their signature candy. FlickDirect caught up with he... More>> Wizards, Witches and Muggles Alike Gathered Once Again at Univer... 29/01/2018 14:41 EST If you are a huge Harry Potter fan and have never been to Universal Orlando Resort A Celebration of Harry Potter, you must make it a point to go. If you have been before, you need to go again as every year offers something new and exciting. Regardless, the annual event is a unique experience that should be on the top of any Harry Potter fan's list.Now in its fifth year, A Celebration of Harry Pott... More>> Fantastic Beasts Films Will Travel the Globe 27/01/2018 10:39 EST Director David Yates has revealed that the five upcoming Fantastic Beast films will all take place in different cities.The first film took place in New York, and the second will be taking place in Paris. We don't yet know where the next three film will take place but Yates said, "This is a global story, ultimately. And given that there's a global audience for this, it's all the more delightful to ... More>> Own the Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Virtual Reality ... 24/01/2018 12:25 EST Warner Bros. Home Entertainment is bringing the world of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them into your home! Prepare for a journey into Newt Scamander's case through the new virtual reality experience available for purchase as of January 23 on major VR platforms.The VR experience is based off the 2016 film and will allow users to meet and interact with six magical beasts, complete spells, expl... More>> Natalia Tena to Join Celebration of Harry Potter 14/12/2017 16:51 EST Universal Orlando Resort will be holding "A Celebration of Harry Potter" in January and they have announced that Natalia Tena will be joining the party.Other stars to make appearances will be Stanislav Yanevski (Viktor Krum), Bonnie Wright (Ginny Weasley) and James and Oliver Phelps (Fred and George Weasley). This will be Tena's first ever appearance at the event.Tena joined the cast of the Potter... More>> Celebrate The Holidays This Year at The Universal Orlando Resort 21/11/2017 08:35 EST When The Wizarding World of Harry Potter opened at The Universal Orlando Resort in June of 2010 it instantly became the vacation destination for die-hard Harry Potter fans worldwide. It soon spawned the annual Celebration of Harry Potter three day weekend event that is now going into its fourth year. Adding to the excitement, Universal announced the inception of Christmas in the Wizarding World ... More>> Bonnie Wright to Return for Universal Orlando's Celebration of H... 20/11/2017 16:23 EST Universal Resort Orlando and Warner Bros. will be holding A Celebration of Harry Potter, an event that will take place on January 26-28, 2018, and some new details have been announced.Bonnie Wright, who played Ginny Weasley, will once again be attending the event as well as Stanislav Yanevski (Viktor Krum) and James and Oliver Phelps (Fred and George Weasley). Also on the schedule will be panels f... More>> The Wizarding World of Harry Potter to Get New Christmas Experience 13/04/2017 10:55 EST This year, Universal Orlando will be serving up something new at Christmastime. The resort announced today that a new Christmas experience is coming to The Wizarding World of Harry Potter as part of its destination-wide Holiday celebration, which will run from November 18, 2017, to January 6, 2018. This November, the new Christmas experience in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter will give gues... More>> Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban 4K Ultra HD Review As Harry Potter returns to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry for his third year, he once again faces an unknown foe in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Eagerly awaited by fans back in 2004, this third installment of the popular series also saw a changing of the guard with Director Alfonso Cuaron (Gravity) replacing Chris Columbus (Home Alone) at the helm. This meant that while the series had a good, solid foundation, this third film was a little darker as well as more artistic than the previous two movies. No longer was the audience a casual observer peeking into this magical world but suddenly we were completely enveloped in the drama and action. As Harry gets ready for another year at school he, along with everyone else, is aware that Sirius Black (Gary Oldman; The Dark Knight) has escaped from Azkaban prison and is coming for Harry. What we don't know is why. There is also a new Professor at Hogwarts, Professor Lupin (David Thewlis; The Theory of Everything) who holds his own dark secrets. As these two men converge at the famed school we find out more personal details about Harry, his parents and the details leading to their untimely deaths. Not to be missed is also Hermione Granger (Emma Watson; The Perks of Being a Wallflower) time traveling through the semester. While not my number one favorite film in the series, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban certainly ranks up there in my top three. As previously mentioned, Cuaron gives us a much more stylized film with sweeping angles and great shots. He also delivers a more mature and complete picture of Harry and his friends Hermione and Ron Weasley (Rubert Grint; Snatch). Though not easy to take over from another, successful Director Cuaron did a great job and paved the way for David Yates (The Legend of Tarzan) to build upon in the fourth installment as he helped move the series from childlike wonder into deeper, darker places than previously explored. The 2160p high definition video is certainly a treat for fans of the film who already own the Blu-ray version. While there is a coldness that permeates the movie the Blacks have a warmth and depth to them that helps engross the viewer completely. The colors are full and rich with little noise found anywhere. The DTS: X audio is outstanding and once again accentuates another one of legendary John Williams' (Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) soundtracks. The mix is nice with music and effects not overpowering the dialogue that sits comfortably in the center channel. The set comes with the 4K Blu-ray Disc, Blu-ray disc, and the Ultraviolet Digital Copy. The extras sit on the traditional Blu-ray and is previously released material including Behind The Story broken into the following segments: Creating The World of Harry Potter Part 3: Creatures, Inside The Creature Shop, The Magic Touch Of Harry Potter, Harry Potter And The Prisoner of Azkaban: Something Wicked This Way Comes, The Making of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, An Interview in Spanish With Alfonso Cuaran, plus Trelawney's Crystal Ball Deleted Scenes, and Trailers. With the upgrade in technology, it is no wonder the Harry Potter series has been given the updated release. These films are ripe for the newest and best and the transfers are very well done. Among the best is Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban with its excellent audio and video quality. The 4K version enhances the story and the viewing pleasure and is well worth the price. Honestly, any Harry Potter fan with a 4K Blu-ray player should invest in the whole series but if you want to pick one film to "test it out" before buying them all, you can't go wrong with this one. -- Allison Hazlett-Rose

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LOGIN: DONOR CENTRAL What We Do Overview "Friends of" Funds Our Impact Overview Future Initiatives Why Give to ICF? AmazonSmile Program Contact Us to Set Up a Fund Olivewood Gardens and Learning Center News + Resources News + Press Releases Donor Central Together We Can Make a Difference. STAY INFORMED What Happens When Deportees Return to Mexico? Tijuana, BC, Mexico | August 07, 2018 Program description & objectives Recent events in U.S. immigration policy have driven public attention to the southern border with Mexico. Family separations, same-day deportations, and challenges to due process have major consequences on the lives of thousands of people in both Mexico and the U.S., especially in the San Diego-Tijuana region. As part of our mission to uplift the voices and needs of communities in Mexico and the border region, ICF is proud to be partnering with San Diego Grantmakers and Philanthropy California to sponsor a Livestream from the Tijuana on Tuesday, August 7th from 2:30 – 3:30 pm. Participants will hear from immigrants and deportees, and learn about local organizations who are responding to the needs of these vulnerable populations. To watch the livestream next week, just tune in to ICF's Facebook page next Tuesday, and be sure to submit your questions to our presenters. It's as easy as that! Join this livestream to: Learn more about what comes after deportation, and take a personal look at the effects of family separation Gain a better understanding of the people and organizations involved in the crisis on our border Experience Tijuana in real-time by joining a site tour of funders as they regroup on both sides of the border fence. Be the first to get exclusive updates on what ICF is doing to make a difference! Meaningful Giving. Inspired Change. DONATE 2505 N Avenue, National City, CA 91950 / phone: (619) 336-2250 / email: info@icfdn.org ©2019 The International Community Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy State Nonprofit Disclosures Sitemap The International Community Foundation is a 501(C)(3) Nonprofit registered in the US under EIN: 33-0457858. Updates and Inspiration From the Field

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The evolution of China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: from a revisionist to status-seeking agenda The evolution of China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: from a revisionist to... Wilson, Jeffrey, D 2019-01-01 00:00:00 Abstract China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a controversial addition to both the global and Asian economic architectures. Western critics have alleged it is a vehicle designed to achieve China's geostrategic goals, while scholars have argued it marks China's adoption of a 'revisionist' foreign policy strategy. This article argues that such interpretations are incorrect, as they fail to account for the evolution of China's AIIB agenda. To secure a broad membership and international legitimacy for the AIIB, China compromised with partners during governance negotiations in 2015. Western country demands saw several controversial initial proposals dropped, the governance practices of existing multilateral development banks were adopted, and cooperative partnerships were developed with the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. This transition from a revisionist to status-seeking AIIB agenda reveals the flexibility of Chinese economic statecraft, and its willingness to compromise strategic goals to boost the legitimacy of its international leadership claims. 1 Introduction The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a landmark development in global economic governance. Proposed by the Chinese government in 2013, and commencing operations less than three years later, it has quickly become a significant intergovernmental economic institution. Its core mission is to help close the region's many 'infrastructure gaps', by providing a specialized body to concentrate, expertise, and channel capital to transport, energy, urban, and utility projects. It has quickly attracted broad-based support, now counting 70 members from Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. It currently ranks as the world's fourth largest multilateral development bank (MDB) by capital subscriptions, with $100 billion committed by its members. It is the most significant multilateral institution established in the Asian region since the East Asia Summit of 2005. It is also the first international economic organization conceived, initiated, and led by China, marking the country's maturation from an institution-follower to institution-builder. The AIIB has also proven very controversial. Critics have alleged it is not simply an infrastructure bank, but rather a vehicle for the realization of the Chinese government's strategic ambitions. Chinese leadership of the AIIB has led to fears that its loan activities will be tied to geoeconomic agendas, such as its 'Belt and Road Initiative' (BRI) designed to foster regional interconnectivity between China and Asian economies. Others have suggested it is a Chinese attempt to undermine the status of existing MDBs – particularly the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) – and will dilute their efforts to promote transparency and social and environmental standards in development financing. The Chinese government and AIIB leadership have strenuously denied these criticisms, claiming there are no nefarious agendas behind the initiative. However, the Japanese government has cited these concerns when declining invitations to join the bank; while the US lobbied allies in Asia to not participate during membership negotiations in 2015. Despite commencing operations in January 2016, these controversies over the Chinese AIIB agenda have persisted, and today stand as the main challenge for the perceived international legitimacy of the bank. The AIIB has thus become the most recent front in a long-running debate over Chinese foreign policy: As it re-emerges as a global leader, will China behave as a 'revisionist' or 'status quo' power? While international relations literature often only defines these concepts implicitly,1 they are used to capture the extent to which a state is content with the prevailing international order: both the formal and informal institutions which govern relationships between states, and their status within these institutions (Buzan, 2010). While status quo powers are happy with existing patterns of international order, revisionist powers seek to overturn either the institutions and/or seek a more privileged position within them. On one side of this debate, realists have argued that as China's relative share of material capabilities rise, it will seek to revise the institutions of global governance to reflect its increasing prominence. It is expected to do this either by developing new international institutions that better serve geostrategic objectives, or seeking wholesale reform within existing ones. On the contrary, liberal-influenced analyses suggest that existing institutions have served Chinese interests well, and that the country's leaders are comfortable with – and potentially socialized into – contemporary practices of international order. Though minor accommodations may be demanded, China will largely seek to preserve and augment the institutional status quo.2 Revisionist and status quo behavior should be conceptualized not as binary categories but as ideal types. First, they bound a spectrum of potential behaviors with intermediate forms existing between the poles. As Ikenberry and Lim (2017) have suggested, these can include strategies of authority-seeking, obstruction, and external innovation, which are neither pure acceptance of or opposition to existing institutions. Second, a state may express different behaviors across policy domains, mixing revisionism in some areas with a status quo orientation in others. In China's case, Chin and Thakur (2010) have shown how an acceptance of existing norms and institutions in some areas (particularly multilateral diplomacy) co-exists with more activist attempts to revise others (especially in the economic sphere). Third, as states have multiple foreign policy objectives which map onto different behaviors, this necessitates internal choices over strategy and prioritization. Breslin (2013) suggests that tensions between China's positions – as a developing country, an emerging power, a P-5 member and peer-competitor to the US – has resulted in 'conflicting signals and demands' over what it wants from global governance. These considerations caution against attempts to singularly classify China as a revisionist or status quo power. Instead, these concepts should be used as ideal types which illuminate the competing imperatives behind Chinese foreign policy. The AIIB has reinvigorated debates over Chinese foreign policy intentions. For many years, most analysts have rejected the suggestion that Chinese foreign policy is outwardly revisionist in intent or outcome, typically locating it toward the status quo end of the spectrum (albeit with some reform ambitions) (Johnston, 2003; Huiyun, 2009; Breslin, 2010; Qin, 2010). However, the creation of the AIIB in 2013 has been cited by many as the first and most prominent shift in Chinese foreign policy toward deliberately revisionist strategies, at least in the economic sphere. Ba (2014), Kawai (2015), and Ren (2016) claim the AIIB marks a move away from Deng Xiaoping's long-standing strategy of 'keeping a low profile', to an activist posture which seeks a leadership rather than followership role. Sun (2015), Yu (2016), and Beeson and Li (2016) identify it with a period of dramatic foreign economic policy activism under the Xi Administration, where China is for the first time attempting to build new institutions that will allow it greater influence in the global economy. Etzioni (2016), Harpaz (2016), and Tang (2015) have described it as a deliberate challenge to the US-led Bretton Woods system, designed to break the monopoly of western governments over the international financial system. Writing in the Washington Post, Lawrence Summers (2015) ominously warned: This past month may be remembered as the moment the US lost its role as the underwriter of the global economic system … . I can think of no event since Bretton Woods comparable to the combination of China's effort to establish a major new institution and the failure of the US to persuade dozens of its traditional allies, starting with Britain, to stay out. Does this conventional wisdom – that China's AIIB initiative is revisionist attempt to recreate global economic governance – stand up to scrutiny? This article argues that the controversy over the AIIB, and broader claims regarding China's revisionist intentions, fail to account for how the institution has evolved. As first proposed in 2013, the AIIB was very much a revisionist initiative, designed to foster change in the international financial system and advance Chinese geoeconomic interests. But as its membership expanded in 2015, a new opportunity was presented to its Chinese architects: to secure broad-based legitimacy for the bank by accommodating the interests of developed western economies. This required compromise in how the AIIB was to be designed, particularly in terms of decision-making procedures and loan policies. Chinese negotiators ultimately agreed to these demands, withdrawing many of the more controversial proposals in favor of a governance model that closely conformed to that in other MDBs. These compromises saw China shift from a revisionist to a status-seeking agenda, in which the perceived legitimacy of the bank instead became of paramount importance. This produced a 'dual movement' in China's AIIB strategy: as membership and legitimacy ambitions expanded, its attempts to insert revisionist governance practices were progressively moderated. The bank which emerged from these compromises is far less threatening to the existing patterns of global economic governance than its critics have claimed. Today, the AIIB is a radically different institution from that which China initially pitched in 2013. It is now a broad-based multilateral institution with a diverse range of developed and developing country members. It has transparent governance arrangements which formally vest control with the entire membership, and has adopted policies consistent with international best practices for development financing. It has thus far worked as a collaborator rather than competitor with the existing MDBs, developing close working relationships with the World Bank and ADB. While the AIIB offers the world's first infrastructure-dedicated MDB, and injects $100 billion of capital into Asian infrastructure financing, it does little to 'revise' the existing rules and practices for development financing. This transition also reveals the flexibility of Chinese economic statecraft, and its willingness to compromise with partners to boost its claims to leadership status in the global economy. 2 The AIIB initiative: China's first foray into economic institution-building The AIIB is a decidedly Chinese project. It was first publicly announced by President Xi Jinping in a speech to the Indonesian Parliament, made on his first foreign tour in October 2013 (Xi, 2013). Premier Li Keqiang also publicly articulated the initiative during an address to the Boao Forum in April 2014 (Li, 2014). The AIIB was presented as a type of 'win-win' cooperation which would improve economic connectivity between China and Southeast Asia. Noting that infrastructure links are a key pre-condition for economic integration, the AIIB's purpose was to upgrade the road, rail, air, and maritime transport linkages within the region. It was only one component of a three-part Chinese proposal to strengthen Asian economic integration, the others being the BRI, and a commitment to upgrade the ASEAN–China free trade agreement (FTA). ASEAN – rather than 'Asia' more broadly conceived – was the primary audience at the time. As Xi Jinping remarked: 'China is committed to greater connectivity with ASEAN countries… [and] will propose the establishment of an Asian infrastructure investment bank that would give priority to ASEAN countries' needs' (Xi, 2013). However, China's ambitions for the AIIB changed as the institution began to take form. Diplomatic negotiations with prospective members bore fruit one year later, when a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on establishing the AIIB was signed in October 2014 (Xinhua, 2014b). This established an interim secretariat which was headed by Jin Liqun, a Chinese official with extensive experience in international banking.3 The initial MoU signatories were a group of 20 'recipient' economies from across South, Southeast, and West Asia, who were attracted by the prospect of securing infrastructure financing (Chin, 2016). But in the early months of 2015, Chinese diplomats made strenuous efforts to secure a wider range of major economies from both in and out of Asia. As the 31 March deadline for membership applications approached, a rapid influx of 'donor' participants – including the UK, Germany, Australia, Korea, and Saudi Arabia – joined. The AIIB commenced operations and held its first Board of Governors meeting on 16 January 2016, which elected Jin Liqun as its inaugural President. What was initially billed as an ASEAN-focussed initiative had in 18 months grown to become a significant addition to the global economic architecture. Per the Articles of Agreement (2015), the AIIB is an MDB dedicated solely to financing infrastructure and infrastructure-related projects in or between its member states. Membership is open to all current World Bank or ADB members. It has an authorized capital stock of $100 billion, of which 20% is paid-in with the remainder at call. It has a tripartite governance structure consisting of a Board of Governors (representing the member states), a 12-person Board of Directors (to whom policy and investment decisions are delegated), and a management team with responsibility for day-to-day operations. It will engage in direct loans, equity investments, loan guarantees, and technical assistance to infrastructure projects as approved by the Board of Directors; or any other activity approved by the Board of Governors. Ordinary loan decisions require a simple majority of Directors, while governance matters4 require a three-quarter 'super-majority' vote. These governance arrangements are almost identical to those of the World Bank and ADB. The principal differences are that: (i) the AIIB will solely finance infrastructure projects; and (ii) it has a non-resident Board of Directors, which will only meet periodically as business needs require (Kawai, 2015). The AIIB is a significant contribution to both the global and regional economic architectures. It is the first MDB established for many years: of the five major MDBs in existence, all but the EBRD were established in the mid-20th century (Table 1). It is very large, with its $100 billion of subscribed capital immediately making it of a similar size to the established regional MDBs. It is also experimental, as it is the only MDB to functionally specialize in infrastructure, and not include broader developmental objectives (such as sustainable development or poverty reduction) in its mandate. In regional terms, it is the first economic body established in Asia since the East Asia Summit was convened in 2005, and the first financial organization since the foundation of the ADB in 1966. Significantly, it is also the first time the Chinese government has proposed, led the negotiations for, and subsequently secured the presidency and headquarters of, a formal multilateral organisation of any kind. The establishment of the AIIB not only reflects a rapid and successful learning process for Chinese diplomats, but also the country's emergence as an institution-builder in global governance (Chin, 2016; Ren, 2016). Table 1 Key features of five major MDBs and AIIB (2017) World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity Source: Author's adaptation from Kawai (2015, Table 1) and MDB websites. EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; AfDB African Development Bank; ADB Asian Development Bank; IADB Inter-American Development Bank. Table 1 Key features of five major MDBs and AIIB (2017) World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity Source: Author's adaptation from Kawai (2015, Table 1) and MDB websites. EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; AfDB African Development Bank; ADB Asian Development Bank; IADB Inter-American Development Bank. One noteworthy feature is the so-called 'regional character' of the AIIB. Members are formally organized into two groups: regional5 and non-regional members. Rules deliberately vest the regional members with control of key bank decisions. A minimum of 75 percent of the capital stock must be held by regional members, and nine of the twelve Director positions are also reserved for delegates from these states. While most MDBs reserve a portion of their voting stock for special groups of members, in the AIIB this reservation is set at a higher 75% level (Table 1). As governance decisions required a 75% super-majority vote, this reservation rule creates a system of asymmetric veto powers. If regional members vote as a bloc they can always carry a governance decision, while non-regional members are unable to collectively exercise vetoes. The purpose of these voting rules is to ensure the bank remains 'led' by its Asian members. Additionally, China currently holds 33% of the capital and 29% of the voting stock. This gives China an informal veto over super-majority governance decisions – a veto power which no other member presently enjoys. 3 What does China really want? The controversy over the AIIB agenda What was the purpose behind China's creation of the AIIB? There is certainly a huge and unmet demand for infrastructure financing in Asia. Attention was first drawn to the regional 'infrastructure gap' by the ADB's Infrastructure for a Seamless Asia report of 2009. This identified a number of barriers to infrastructure investment – principally, a lack of mechanisms to mobilize private finance for long-term and risky infrastructure projects – and estimated that $750 billion would be required per year to close these gaps (ADB, 2009). A recently revised set of estimates has doubled the annual figure to $1.5 trillion (ADB, 2017a). However, the global economy already has a large number of MDBs,6 all of which dedicate a significant share of their loan activities to infrastructure projects. The ADB considers infrastructure its number one investment priority, and during 2010–15 committed 63% of its loans to infrastructure projects.7 As The Economist (2015) has noted, if the Chinese government wanted to support regional infrastructure, a quicker and less controversial approach would have been to simply increase its capital subscription to the ADB. Why choose the more difficult path of establishing a new MDB from scratch? The official Chinese answer is that the existing MDBs are not up to the task, and a new specialized body is required. Two critiques have been made. The first is that the existing MDBs are too slow in decision-making, due to bureaucratic governance practices that make it difficult to mobilize complex infrastructure projects (Bloomberg, 2015). The second is that other MDBs do not specialize in infrastructure, instead focusing on other developmental agendas (particularly poverty reduction) which impose obstacles to infrastructure projects (Xinhua, 2015a). For example, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has argued '[The AIIB] will learn from the good practices of other multilateral development banks and avoid taking detours that these banks have made, so as to cut costs and increase efficiency' (WSJ, 2015d). The absence of a resident Board of Directors is cited as one of the AIIB's main governance innovations. Jin Liqun has argued that this will enable the bank to concentrate expertise in infrastructure financing, and empower the management team to make faster operational decisions than other MDBs (FT, 2015). This philosophy is embodied in the mantra that the AIIB will be a 'lean, clean and green' institution (Reuters, 2015b). However, not all observers are convinced by the official Chinese narrative. Skeptics have argued a range of broader – and potentially revisionist – motives underlie China's AIIB agenda. These revisionist interpretations start from the observation that the creation of the AIIB is also a challenge to existing patterns of global economic governance. By establishing a new MDB which is controlled by China and developing country governments in Asia, it is argued the AIIB challenges the pre-eminent role of the Washington-centric Bretton Woods institutions (Harpaz, 2016). In conjunction with the closely related BRI project, it also reflects a Chinese attempt to revise the global and regional architectures in ways that properly reflect its newfound political and economic status (Sun, 2015; Beeson and Li, 2016). What unites these revisionist interpretations is the suggestion that a range of strategic objectives, beyond the supply of infrastructure financing, were also behind China's decision to launch the AIIB. Some have argued the AIIB is part of a Chinese revisionist push for international financial institution (IFI) reform. As its weight in the global economy has grown in recent years, China has pushed for reforms which would give developing countries greater say in IFI governance. However, these initiatives have repeatedly been blocked by western countries, particularly the loan practices of the World Bank (Etzioni, 2016), and US vetoes of IMF voting quota adjustments (Wade and Vestergaard, 2015). Having failed to achieve IFI reform through 'voice' strategies, it is argued that China has turned to 'exit' instead: creating a new institution which embodies its desired governance practices and within which western countries do not hold veto powers (Reisen, 2015). Lawrence Summers has gone as far to suggest that the AIIB was a direct response to the US Congress rejecting a 2010 IMF agreement to recalculate voting quotas, which would have greatly increased China's share (Caixin, 2015). Even Chinese officials have publicly connected the AIIB to broader IFI reform efforts. For example, Finance Minister Lou Jiwei explained that the AIIB would reflect developing country interests, and would therefore eschew some of the rules which western countries had insisted upon in other MDBs (Bloomberg, 2015). A more mundane suggestion is that China wishes to use the AIIB to export its spare industrial capacity. The Chinese economy presently has major overcapacity in many of its heavy industries – particularly the steel, energy, and construction sectors – which the government has identified as its top economic policy priority (China Daily, 2016). As much of this could be put to use in infrastructure projects, several analysts have argued the AIIB is in part designed to create business for Chinse heavy industrial sectors (Kawai, 2015; Sun, 2015). In early 2015, there were also reports that the Chinese government wanted the AIIB to issue RMB- rather than USD-denominated loans, to advance its agenda of internationalizing the RMB (SCMP, 2015). This has raised concerns about the transparency and commercial orientation of the AIIB, particularly given China's control of management. If the Chinese government uses this to ensure that construction contracts are awarded to its firms, and/or are RMB-denominated, the AIIB risks looking less like a genuine MDB and more like an instrument of Chinese financial or industrial policy. American critics have dismissed it as a 'disguised cash register for Chinese state-owned enterprises' (Foreign Policy, 2015). On the geopolitical front, others have alleged the AIIB is a vehicle for China to gain diplomatic influence with Asian countries. As China is the single-largest shareholder, holds the Presidency, and currently enjoys a veto power over governance matters, it has significant capacity to shape who receives AIIB loans and on what terms. This led many western commentators to argue that China could preferentially direct AIIB loans as a diplomatic tool: either make side payments to friendly states, or to spread its sphere of influence in the region.8Reisen (2015) has labelled this a form of 'shadow global diplomacy', which explicitly aims to dilute US influence in Asia by offering a competing source of development financing. Sun (2015) has documented that this interpretation is also widespread amongst Chinese foreign policy analysts, who have argued that receiving AIIB loans will strengthen Asian countries ties to China, by increasing their political alignment with and/or economic dependence upon it. For their part, Chinese officials have denied such allegations (Xinhua, 2015b), while Jin Liqun has bluntly argued 'the AIIB is a bank, not a political organisation or political alliance' (Reuters, 2015b). A related critique is that China intends the AIIB to function as the 'Belt and Road Bank'. There is significant overlap between the two Chinese initiatives. Both were announced in 2013 and both target countries in South, Southeast, West, and Central Asia, and both emphasize infrastructure and economic connectivity. Rather than financing the most economically-justified infrastructure projects, it is suggested China may use the AIIB to channel capital to those which politically align with its broader BRI plans (Ferdinand, 2016). Indeed, Chinese policy confirms this suggestion. Xi Jinping has argued that the main purpose of the AIIB is to provide capital for infrastructure projects required by the BRI initiative (Xinhua, 2014a). The National Development and Reform Commission's BRI policy also lists the AIIB – alongside the domestically owned Silk Road Fund (SRF) – as the principal financiers for BRI projects (NDRC, 2015). Given that the SRF is only capitalized to $40 billion, the AIIB is therefore the largest officially-identified source of capital for BRI projects. Tellingly, at the time of writing all the AIIB's loans have been made to countries falling within the BRI program (Table 3). What unites these critiques is the suggestion that there is more to China's AIIB initiative than its declared goal of closing infrastructure gaps. A range of revisionist agendas – whether economic and/or diplomatic – are argued to be motives behind its establishment. This controversy over Chinese intentions has cast a shadow over the AIIB's membership. The Japanese government has repeatedly declined membership invitations, citing concerns over bank transparency, and fears the AIIB would compete with the ADB's existing infrastructure efforts (Katada, 2016). The US government has opposed the AIIB on the principle that it would not uphold the high standards of the World Bank and other MDBs. During 2014, the Obama Administration lobbied allies in Asia to decline Chinese membership invitations (Harris, 2015). While these lobbying efforts ultimately failed, the US and Japan continue to maintain a joint position of not joining the AIIB until several governance and transparency concerns are addressed (The White House, 2015). Despite repeated denials by Chinese officials, the controversy over China's agenda has persisted, and is currently the single greatest challenge to the perceived international legitimacy of the AIIB. 4 Growing membership and negotiating governance compromises One of the major sources of the AIIB controversy concerns bank governance. Two assumptions inform its critics. The first is that the AIIB is a China-controlled institution: that as the founder, host, and largest shareholder, the Chinese government has the capacity to determine to whom and on what terms it will make loans. The second is that the Chinese government has a coherent and unchanging AIIB strategy: a set of strategic goals which it intends to realize through the bank. Both assumptions are problematic. The AIIB which emerged from membership negotiations was a broad-based multilateral institution, which brought together a diverse range of developed and developing countries from many regions of the world. Moreover, these members had their own preferences – which were not always aligned with China's – over how the AIIB would be governed. To secure the membership of these governments, Chinese negotiators had to find compromises between their own strategic agendas and the interests and demands of partners. China responded to partner requests by recalibrating its strategy, and as a result the AIIB changed quite dramatically between proposal and establishment. China's initial AIIB pitch was made to prospective members in 2014. This culminated in a MoU to establish the AIIB, which was signed in October 2014 and established an interim secretariat in Beijing. However, its initial efforts to attract members delivered very modest results. The 21 signatories9 to the 2014 MoU were predominantly small, developing countries in South, Southeast, and West Asia. These governments were attracted by the opportunity of accessing a new source of infrastructure financing, and publicly welcomed the Chinese initiative (Chin, 2016; Ba, 2017). However, most of the region's major economies – including Australia, Japan, Korea, and Russia – initially sat on the sidelines. The exact nature of China's AIIB proposal at the time was fluid, and never officially presented for public scrutiny. However, reports from involved parties indicate it contained the following features: A focus on attracting member states from within the Asian region (Xinhua, 2015d); Governance arrangements vesting considerable authority in the hands of the Bank President, with reduced Director oversight relative to other MDBs (New York Times, 2014; Japan Times, 2015) Minimalist environmental, social, and transparency safeguards, which fell short of the 'best practices' applied by the World Bank and ADB (Devex, 2014) Proposals for loans to be issued either in RMB or an 'AIIB basket' with mixed denomination (SCMP, 2015) A preference for using Chinese construction contractors in AIIB-funded projects (Sun, 2015) China to contribute over 50% of the capital stock, and thus hold a formal veto power over all loan decisions (Reuters, 2015a) Together, these proposals amounted to an AIIB that was formally China-controlled, and would have granted the management team considerable autonomy to advance the China's own economic goals. Such an approach was evidently acceptable to the developing economies who signed the 2014 MoU. However, they were rejected by many western countries, who expressed discomfort with the idea of a Chinese-controlled bank deviating from the accepted international practices in development financing. Key were the US, Japan, and several European countries, who all declined membership invitations citing governance and transparency concerns. During 2014, the US successfully lobbied several allies in Asia – including Australia and Korea – to stay out (Harris, 2015). Indonesia was also initially absent due to its 2017 Presidential election (Ba, 2017). As the final deadline for membership applications approached, it appeared the AIIB would be limited to China and the handful of developing countries willing to accede to its preferred governance model. This was to change with the last-minute addition of European members. On 12 March, the British government took the unexpected step of becoming the first major western economy to join. It officially claimed the intention was to improve the AIIB by shaping governance arrangements from the inside; though observers argued it also hoped AIIB membership would establish the City of London as a hub for Chinese finance (WSJ, 2015a). The US chastised the British government for breaking rank, with officials publicly remarking 'We are wary about a trend toward constant accommodation of China, which is not the best way to engage a rising power' (The Guardian, 2015). But British membership would set off a flood of other membership applications. Germany, France, and Italy all announced intentions to join four days later; and over the next fortnight Switzerland, Australia, Korea, Russia, Brazil, and Turkey followed suit. By the 31 March deadline, 57 countries had signed up. This was widely considered a diplomatic coup for China. Its overtures had prevailed in the face of stiff US opposition, and managed to split from the US several of its key alliance partners. Foreign Policy magazine labelled the episode 'Washington's big China screw-up' (2015). Expanded membership greatly increased the perceived international legitimacy of the AIIB. China could boast that its new MDB included most of the world's major economic powers, conferring a degree of prestige and credibility it had previously lacked (Tang, 2015). However, their presence also fundamentally changed the internal character of the bank. Prior to the expansion, the AIIB could reasonably be described as a China-dominated institution (Table 2). But with the new members came a dramatic redistribution of formal control. China's shareholding was diluted to 29%, and non-regional members held 23% of the voting power. Moreover, China now had to accommodate an impressive range of economic powers, including 4 of the G7, 14 of the G20, and 12 members of the European Union (EU). Indeed, the EU states had publicly declared they were not content with China's previous proposals, and as AIIB members would push for governance arrangements similar to those in the other MDBs (WSJ, 2015b). With the Articles of Agreement and other operational policies still to be finalized, negotiations over the final shape of the AIIB became far more complex. Table 2 Changes in AIIB capital and voting structures MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 Source: Author's calculations and (AIIB, 2016d). Notes: *indicates a non-regional member. Implied capital subscriptions are calculated based on 2015 GDP figures, weighted 60% to exchange-rate USD and 40% to USD-PPP (Kawai, 2015). Voting shares are calculated using the formula specified in the AIIB Articles of Agreement. Table 2 Changes in AIIB capital and voting structures MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 Source: Author's calculations and (AIIB, 2016d). Notes: *indicates a non-regional member. Implied capital subscriptions are calculated based on 2015 GDP figures, weighted 60% to exchange-rate USD and 40% to USD-PPP (Kawai, 2015). Voting shares are calculated using the formula specified in the AIIB Articles of Agreement. During April and May 2015, two further negotiating rounds were held amongst the now-enlarged group of founding members. Significant pressure was brought to bear by the western governments – led by the UK and Germany – to adopt more transparent and rules-based governance practices (WSJ, 2015a, 2015b). These resulted in the final Articles of Agreement which were settled on 22 May. By this time, it was clear that Chinese negotiators had made significant concessions. The AIIB was now to use the same tripartite governance system of other MDBs, which vests the Board of Directors (rather than management team) with authority over loan decision. It explicitly adopted a commercial orientation, with loan decisions to be made against objective criteria and projects required to pay commercial interest rates. Loans were to be issued in USD. China also shelved its request for a formal veto power over loan decisions, and agreed to reduce its shareholding to 28% of the voting stock. The veto power concession was reportedly made to secure the involvement of European governments, who from the outset had made this a condition of their membership (WSJ, 2015c). With the Articles of Agreement in place, members spent the remainder of 2015 negotiating the AIIB's policies and guidelines.10 Former officials from the World Bank and ADB were brought in to assist with the drafting process (FT, 2016). The result was a set of policies which closely conformed to the international practices of the other MDBs: An Operational Policy on Financing laid out commercial criteria for how potential projects would be assessed, and how financing packages would be structured. A Sovereign-backed Loan and Guarantee Pricing Policy sets transparent interest rates (LIBOR plus specified adjustments) for loans to host government-backed projects. A Procurement Policy outlines a commercially oriented set of procurement goals, which emphasize efficiency, value-for-money, fit-for-purposeness, and transparency. Accountability and transparency are achieved through a Public Information (Interim) Policy and Policy on Prohibited Practices, while Codes of Conduct for Directors and management personnel enforces ethical standards and anti-corruption measures. An Environmental and Social Framework provided a mechanism to evaluate the broader societal impacts of projects during the assessment process. The outcome was an AIIB which, contrary to earlier Chinese claims of institutional innovation, largely reproduces existing MDB governance practices. With the exception of its non-resident Board of Directors and 75% capital reservation for regional members, the AIIB's governance arrangements are for all practical purposes identical to those of the ADB and World Bank (Kawai, 2015). Additionally, all of the revisionist elements within China's initial proposal had been removed. Demands for management-led decision-making and Chinese veto powers were abandoned during negotiations for the Articles of Agreement; while the desire to issue RMB-denominated loans and preferentially award contracts to Chinese suppliers were prohibited by the operational policies. As Sun (2015) has argued, this change from a revisionist to legitimacy-enhancing agenda demonstrates the flexibility of China's AIIB strategy. The prospect of securing western country membership through governance compromises posed a choice: either a formally Chinese-controlled or internationally legitimate bank, but not both. The Chinese government ultimately opted for the latter. While the AIIB started with revisionist intentions, by the time it commenced operations in 2016 its governance practices had transformed to fit squarely within the MDB status quo. 5 Competing or cooperating with the other MDBs? A second source of controversy was criticisms that the AIIB would function as a China-backed competitor to the existing MDBs. All the major MDBs already have dedicated infrastructure financing programs, and in recent years have been increasing the volume of loans to infrastructure projects. The concern is that the AIIB might compete with its peers for the limited number of commercially-viable infrastructure projects available. This is particularly acute given the so-called 'bankable projects problem' – the fact that there are few infrastructure projects which are sufficiently developed for a financier to be able to offer a loan. The ADB is considered to be under a particular threat. As the ADB already dedicates more than half its budget to infrastructure, and operates in the same region, critics have claimed that the AIIB and ADB must inevitably compete for the limited number of bankable projects in Asia (Sun, 2015). Japan's continuing refusal to join the AIIB, despite China's governance concessions, is reportedly due to a desire to protect the status of the Japan-led ADB against a China-backed rival (Katada, 2016). Chinese actors have gone to great lengths to refute the notion that the AIIB was designed as competitor institution. Jin Liqun has repeatedly denied suggestions of rivalry, pledging that the AIIB would cooperate with the other MDBs through knowledge-sharing and co-financing (Xinhua, 2015c; ASPI, 2016). Concerted efforts were directed at the ADB, with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang personally meeting ADB President Nakao Takehiko a week prior to the March 2015 membership deadline. While this overture failed to convince the Japanese government to join, it did deliver an in-principle agreement for the AIIB and ADB to cooperate through technical exchanges (Japan Times, 2015). The World Bank also responded positively. In a widely publicized speech given in April, President Jim Yong Kim argued that negative attitudes to the AIIB amongst the international development community needed to change: The fundamental issue for us is your enemy cannot be other institutions. Your enemy has to be poverty. If your enemy is poverty, the natural thing to do is welcome any new players that are interested in developing the kind of infrastructure that will end poverty (Devex, 2015). A key element of China's charm offensive was a set of cooperation agreements negotiated with the other MDBs.11 The first was a co-financing agreement with the World Bank in April 2016, which would enable the two banks to develop and fund infrastructure projects together. The terms stipulated that the World Bank would be the supervising partner, so that its loan policies and safeguards – and not the AIIB's – would be applied. This was followed by MoUs signed with the ADB, EBRD, and European Investment Bank in May. These were less rigid than the World Bank agreement, but contained provisions for information sharing, dialogue on policy development, and the joint-financing of infrastructure projects. The political logic behind these agreements was to send a message that the AIIB would not be a competitor to the other MDBs. However, these cooperation agreements also had an institutional purpose: to help build the technical capacity of the AIIB itself. When its first financing activities began in June 2016, the AIIB had extremely limited resources. It had no project development 'pipeline' of its own, relied upon external consultants for all technical work, and publicly acknowledged many of its policies required further elaboration before they were ready to be used to manage projects (AIIB, 2016c). In short, the AIIB was wholly dependent on other MDBs to supply it both bankable projects and the technical expertise to execute them. Both the World Bank and ADB proved happy to oblige. Their respective Presidents made offers to 'share knowledge' with the AIIB during its start-up phase, and many of the key staff and consultants hired during 2016 were former World Bank and/or ADB officials (ASPI, 2016). The World Bank co-financing agreement was especially important in this regard. It not only provided access to World Bank technical experts, but also promised to include the AIIB as a financier partner in infrastructure projects it had been developing for several years (World Bank & AIIB, 2016). The AIIB has since been dependent upon other MDBs for the supply of finance-ready projects. By June 2017, six rounds of funding had been completed, with seventeen projects receiving a total of $2.8 billion (Table 3). However, the AIIB has typically played a junior finance partner role. The World Bank invited it to join seven of its pre-existing projects, the ADB four, and the EBRD one. In each case the MDB partner was the 'lead lender' – the party which develops and manages the project, provides the largest financing contribution, and applies their own loan and safeguards policies. The AIIB's role was limited to that of junior partner, who only became involved once a project was ready for financing, and only contributed finance rather than project management or policy supervision. Only four relatively minor projects were independent efforts launched and managed by the AIIB, and in two cases these were duplications of previous projects developed by other MDBs.12 Even the AIIB's financial contribution is relatively modest, accounting for only one-third of the MDB loans, and 17% of total project costs. Thus far, the AIIB has mostly loaned with support from, and under the direct policy supervision of, the established MDBs. Table 3 AIIB-funded projects, June 2017 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Source: Author's compilation from AIIB (2017), ADB (2017b), World Bank (2017). *indicates The India Infrastructure Fund received an equity investment; all other AIIB contributions were made as commercially-priced loans. Table 3 AIIB-funded projects, June 2017 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Source: Author's compilation from AIIB (2017), ADB (2017b), World Bank (2017). *indicates The India Infrastructure Fund received an equity investment; all other AIIB contributions were made as commercially-priced loans. This data reveals that the AIIB very much remains in a start-up phase. These initial projects provide learning opportunities for the AIIB, which will develop the capacity to operate with greater independence as the institution matures. But given that the AIIB's $100 billion of subscribed capital is comparable to the other MDBs (Table 1), it will be impossible to dispose of solely by piggybacking on its peers. Nonetheless, there is no evidence the AIIB is competing with the ADB or World Bank for projects. Nor is there evidence of governance standards being diluted. As World Bank or ADB policies are applied to the joint projects, the involvement of the AIIB has made no impact either on project governance, or the commercial structure of loans. Thus far, all the AIIB has done is channel a comparatively small amount of capital into existing MDB mechanisms for infrastructure financing in Asia. 6 Conclusion: Leadership-seeking through a status quo institution To its critics, China's AIIB initiative is viewed as a revisionist attempt to redraw the institutions of global economic governance. Yet the bank which emerged in 2016 has few such features. The AIIB is a broad-based multilateral institution with a diverse membership of developed and developing economies. It has adopted the governance practices and policy frameworks which are considered international best practices for development financing. It has established cooperative rather than competitive relationships with its MDB peers, and has thus far depended upon them for the supply of technical expertise and bankable projects. While China holds the largest share of the capital stock, and an informal veto over governance decisions, it does not formally control the routine activities of the bank. The AIIB's principal impacts have been establishing the world's first-dedicated infrastructure bank, unlocking an additional $100 billion for infrastructure projects in Asia, and being the first multilateral organization conceived of and led by China. These are certainly significant developments for global economic governance. But they also fall well-short of revisionism proper, as they do not challenge the existing norms, rules, or institutional practices for development financing. Far from being a revisionist institution, the AIIB largely conforms to the MDB status quo. This was made possible by a change in the Chinese government's strategy. China's initial AIIB pitch was very much for an Asian-focussed and revisionist institution. It would have vested China with formal control of the bank, and advanced a range of Chinese geoeconomic agendas including as IFI reform, RMB internationalization, and the BRI program. While developing economies in Asia accepted this template, western country governments would not participate on these terms. In early 2015 Chinese government faced a choice: either proceed with the revisionist agenda and create a small Asian institution that would be viewed with skepticism elsewhere; or create a larger and globally legitimate body via governance concessions to western partners. Demonstrating the flexibility of Chinese foreign policy, it quickly adapted its proposal to create an institution which many governments were willing to support. The controversy over the AIIB has greatly diminished as a result. In March 2017, a further thirteen governments joined the bank, including Belgium, Canada, and Ireland. It now counts practically all major economies bar the US and Japan as members, and is recognized by its MDB peers as a development financing partner. Why did China change its AIIB strategy? These governance compromises evidence the mixed motives underlying contemporary Chinese foreign policy, and the challenge translating these into shared multilateral institutions. On one hand, the Chinese government clearly harbored revisionist ambitions to establish a new MDB that would reflect its own interests. But on the other, it was also an exercise in status-seeking: becoming an institution-builder rather than just an institution-follower, and thus projecting its desired image as a 'responsible great power' (Breslin, 2013). The diverging interests of other major economies meant that these goals proved largely incompatible. Chinese negotiators attempted to realise both revisionist and status-seeking objectives during the early phases of the AIIB, but by early 2015 it had become clear these could not be simultaneously achieved. As Ikenberry and Lim (2017) argue, China's response to its AIIB dilemma thus reflected a fundamental characteristic of multilateralism – that it is a source of both legitimacy and constraint. Legitimacy-through-leadership is contingent on acceptance-through-followership, and where state preferences diverge, compromise is required by those with leadership aspirations. The constraints imposed by multilateralism required China to sacrifice demands for formal authority over the AIIB in exchange for the informal influence a broad-based institution would offer. Indeed, establishing a 'status quo AIIB' has greatly strengthened China's leadership credentials. Not only has China for the first time led the creation of a multilateral institution, but also hosts the headquarters and presidency of a major international economic organization. Securing the membership of western countries in the face of US opposition – particularly Australia, Germany, Korea, and the UK – signals a recognition of leadership status by the international community that China has never previously enjoyed (Ren, 2016). The compromises made during negotiations has sent a clear message to its key diplomatic partners, both in and outside Asia, that China is willing to make the adjustments necessary to function as a responsible great power (Ba, 2017). As Xinhua editorialized following the accession of the European members: The world watched as the number of countries applying to be founding members of the AIIB rose to 46 by the Tuesday deadline. The soaring participation has been seen as evidence of China's growing international sway. If there is one message to glean from the number of applicants, it is that the world has sensibly voted for a more inclusive, balanced and mutually beneficial international economic order. (Xinhua, 2015a) This transition has broader implications for how contemporary Chinese foreign economic policy is understood. In recent years, China has become a more activist institution-builder, playing a leadership role in economic initiatives such as the AIIB, the BRI, and the New Development Bank. These developments have led many to suggest an historic transformation from a status quo to revisionist orientation in Chinese foreign policy is occurring, as its material capacity for – and interest in – institutional leadership grows (Sun, 2015; Beeson and Li, 2016; Ferdinand, 2016; Yu, 2016). However, the flexibility in China's AIIB strategy indicates claims regarding putative revisionism should be moderated. The Chinese government certainly held revisionist aspirations for the AIIB; yet it was also willing to shelve these aspirations when faced with the compromises required for successful multilateral leadership. Rather than singularly classifying China as either a revisionist or status quo power, the case of the AIIB demonstrates Chinese foreign policy is flexible, pursues multiple agendas, and is capable of accommodating the interests of its partners. As Breslin (2013) has argued, China has multiple – and sometimes competing – motivations, whose expression in international institutions will be product of negotiated compromise rather than imposed grand design. Of course, the AIIB remains a very new institution. At the time of writing it has been in operation for over a year, and has only issued $2.8 billion worth of loans – a tiny fraction of its $100 billion subscribed capital. Its governance policies remain largely untested, as most of its loans have been made under the policy supervision of the World Bank or ADB. As the AIIB accumulates technical capacity and experience, it will need to begin financing infrastructure projects in its own right. This transition to operational independence will prove the ultimate test of China's longer term intentions for the bank. In the absence of MDB partners, will the AIIB maintain its declared commitment to a commercial, transparent, and socially- and environmentally sensitive approach to infrastructure financing? And while the Chinese government had ceded formal control, will it use its informal influence over bank operations – via its policy veto power and the bank presidency – to pursue the strategic goals that western critics allege were its real motives? The Chinese government has already changed its AIIB strategy once, it might reverse approach again. But at present, it is clear the AIIB is squarely a status quo institution, principally designed to augment China's leadership credentials in global economic governance. Time will tell whether revisionist agendas will re-emerge. Footnotes 1 For a critique of the definitional imprecision regarding 'revisionist' behavior, see Johnston (2003, pp. 8–12). 2 For the key terms of this debate, see Buzan (2010), Johnston (2003), Legro (2007). 3 Jin Liqun was a former Chinese Vice-Minister of Finance, Vice-President of the Asian Development Bank, and Chairman of the China International Capital Corporation (Xinhua, 2016). 4 These governance decisions include those surrounding membership, capital allocations and voting rights, the constitution and membership of the Board of Directors, and the creation and amendment of bank policies. 5 Per Article 1.2 of the Articles of Agreement, AIIB regional members comprise those who belong to the UN's 'Asia and Oceania' geographic group. This 55-member group includes many which would not conventionally be considered part of 'Asia', such as the states of the Middle East. 6 The exact number depends on how an MDB is defined. There are five core MDBs – the World Bank plus its four regionally-focussed counterparts (EBRD, AfDB, ADB, and IADB) – though many smaller sub-regional and specialized banks extend the list. 7 Author's calculations (ADB, various years). 8 For a summary of these critiques, see The Diplomat (2014). 9 The 2014 MoU signatories comprised Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. 10 These policies are available at AIIB (2016b). 11 A full list of the AIIB's cooperation agreements is available at AIIB (2016a). 12 The Bangladesh power distribution system upgrade (June 2016) and Indian Gujarat rural roads upgrade (June 2017) projects were AIIB-led. 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Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS © The author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press in association with the Japan Association of International Relations; all rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png International Relations of the Asia-Pacific Oxford University Press http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/oxford-university-press/the-evolution-of-china-s-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-from-a-u0ZNcCpssk Wilson, Jeffrey, D International Relations of the Asia-Pacific , Volume 19 (1) – Jan 1, 2019 /lp/ou_press/the-evolution-of-china-s-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-from-a-u0ZNcCpssk International Relations of the Asia-Pacific / © The author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press in association with the Japan Association of International Relations; all rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 10.1093/irap/lcx015 Abstract China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a controversial addition to both the global and Asian economic architectures. Western critics have alleged it is a vehicle designed to achieve China's geostrategic goals, while scholars have argued it marks China's adoption of a 'revisionist' foreign policy strategy. This article argues that such interpretations are incorrect, as they fail to account for the evolution of China's AIIB agenda. To secure a broad membership and international legitimacy for the AIIB, China compromised with partners during governance negotiations in 2015. Western country demands saw several controversial initial proposals dropped, the governance practices of existing multilateral development banks were adopted, and cooperative partnerships were developed with the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. This transition from a revisionist to status-seeking AIIB agenda reveals the flexibility of Chinese economic statecraft, and its willingness to compromise strategic goals to boost the legitimacy of its international leadership claims. 1 Introduction The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a landmark development in global economic governance. Proposed by the Chinese government in 2013, and commencing operations less than three years later, it has quickly become a significant intergovernmental economic institution. Its core mission is to help close the region's many 'infrastructure gaps', by providing a specialized body to concentrate, expertise, and channel capital to transport, energy, urban, and utility projects. It has quickly attracted broad-based support, now counting 70 members from Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. It currently ranks as the world's fourth largest multilateral development bank (MDB) by capital subscriptions, with $100 billion committed by its members. It is the most significant multilateral institution established in the Asian region since the East Asia Summit of 2005. It is also the first international economic organization conceived, initiated, and led by China, marking the country's maturation from an institution-follower to institution-builder. The AIIB has also proven very controversial. Critics have alleged it is not simply an infrastructure bank, but rather a vehicle for the realization of the Chinese government's strategic ambitions. Chinese leadership of the AIIB has led to fears that its loan activities will be tied to geoeconomic agendas, such as its 'Belt and Road Initiative' (BRI) designed to foster regional interconnectivity between China and Asian economies. Others have suggested it is a Chinese attempt to undermine the status of existing MDBs – particularly the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) – and will dilute their efforts to promote transparency and social and environmental standards in development financing. The Chinese government and AIIB leadership have strenuously denied these criticisms, claiming there are no nefarious agendas behind the initiative. However, the Japanese government has cited these concerns when declining invitations to join the bank; while the US lobbied allies in Asia to not participate during membership negotiations in 2015. Despite commencing operations in January 2016, these controversies over the Chinese AIIB agenda have persisted, and today stand as the main challenge for the perceived international legitimacy of the bank. The AIIB has thus become the most recent front in a long-running debate over Chinese foreign policy: As it re-emerges as a global leader, will China behave as a 'revisionist' or 'status quo' power? While international relations literature often only defines these concepts implicitly,1 they are used to capture the extent to which a state is content with the prevailing international order: both the formal and informal institutions which govern relationships between states, and their status within these institutions (Buzan, 2010). While status quo powers are happy with existing patterns of international order, revisionist powers seek to overturn either the institutions and/or seek a more privileged position within them. On one side of this debate, realists have argued that as China's relative share of material capabilities rise, it will seek to revise the institutions of global governance to reflect its increasing prominence. It is expected to do this either by developing new international institutions that better serve geostrategic objectives, or seeking wholesale reform within existing ones. On the contrary, liberal-influenced analyses suggest that existing institutions have served Chinese interests well, and that the country's leaders are comfortable with – and potentially socialized into – contemporary practices of international order. Though minor accommodations may be demanded, China will largely seek to preserve and augment the institutional status quo.2 Revisionist and status quo behavior should be conceptualized not as binary categories but as ideal types. First, they bound a spectrum of potential behaviors with intermediate forms existing between the poles. As Ikenberry and Lim (2017) have suggested, these can include strategies of authority-seeking, obstruction, and external innovation, which are neither pure acceptance of or opposition to existing institutions. Second, a state may express different behaviors across policy domains, mixing revisionism in some areas with a status quo orientation in others. In China's case, Chin and Thakur (2010) have shown how an acceptance of existing norms and institutions in some areas (particularly multilateral diplomacy) co-exists with more activist attempts to revise others (especially in the economic sphere). Third, as states have multiple foreign policy objectives which map onto different behaviors, this necessitates internal choices over strategy and prioritization. Breslin (2013) suggests that tensions between China's positions – as a developing country, an emerging power, a P-5 member and peer-competitor to the US – has resulted in 'conflicting signals and demands' over what it wants from global governance. These considerations caution against attempts to singularly classify China as a revisionist or status quo power. Instead, these concepts should be used as ideal types which illuminate the competing imperatives behind Chinese foreign policy. The AIIB has reinvigorated debates over Chinese foreign policy intentions. For many years, most analysts have rejected the suggestion that Chinese foreign policy is outwardly revisionist in intent or outcome, typically locating it toward the status quo end of the spectrum (albeit with some reform ambitions) (Johnston, 2003; Huiyun, 2009; Breslin, 2010; Qin, 2010). However, the creation of the AIIB in 2013 has been cited by many as the first and most prominent shift in Chinese foreign policy toward deliberately revisionist strategies, at least in the economic sphere. Ba (2014), Kawai (2015), and Ren (2016) claim the AIIB marks a move away from Deng Xiaoping's long-standing strategy of 'keeping a low profile', to an activist posture which seeks a leadership rather than followership role. Sun (2015), Yu (2016), and Beeson and Li (2016) identify it with a period of dramatic foreign economic policy activism under the Xi Administration, where China is for the first time attempting to build new institutions that will allow it greater influence in the global economy. Etzioni (2016), Harpaz (2016), and Tang (2015) have described it as a deliberate challenge to the US-led Bretton Woods system, designed to break the monopoly of western governments over the international financial system. Writing in the Washington Post, Lawrence Summers (2015) ominously warned: This past month may be remembered as the moment the US lost its role as the underwriter of the global economic system … . I can think of no event since Bretton Woods comparable to the combination of China's effort to establish a major new institution and the failure of the US to persuade dozens of its traditional allies, starting with Britain, to stay out. Does this conventional wisdom – that China's AIIB initiative is revisionist attempt to recreate global economic governance – stand up to scrutiny? This article argues that the controversy over the AIIB, and broader claims regarding China's revisionist intentions, fail to account for how the institution has evolved. As first proposed in 2013, the AIIB was very much a revisionist initiative, designed to foster change in the international financial system and advance Chinese geoeconomic interests. But as its membership expanded in 2015, a new opportunity was presented to its Chinese architects: to secure broad-based legitimacy for the bank by accommodating the interests of developed western economies. This required compromise in how the AIIB was to be designed, particularly in terms of decision-making procedures and loan policies. Chinese negotiators ultimately agreed to these demands, withdrawing many of the more controversial proposals in favor of a governance model that closely conformed to that in other MDBs. These compromises saw China shift from a revisionist to a status-seeking agenda, in which the perceived legitimacy of the bank instead became of paramount importance. This produced a 'dual movement' in China's AIIB strategy: as membership and legitimacy ambitions expanded, its attempts to insert revisionist governance practices were progressively moderated. The bank which emerged from these compromises is far less threatening to the existing patterns of global economic governance than its critics have claimed. Today, the AIIB is a radically different institution from that which China initially pitched in 2013. It is now a broad-based multilateral institution with a diverse range of developed and developing country members. It has transparent governance arrangements which formally vest control with the entire membership, and has adopted policies consistent with international best practices for development financing. It has thus far worked as a collaborator rather than competitor with the existing MDBs, developing close working relationships with the World Bank and ADB. While the AIIB offers the world's first infrastructure-dedicated MDB, and injects $100 billion of capital into Asian infrastructure financing, it does little to 'revise' the existing rules and practices for development financing. This transition also reveals the flexibility of Chinese economic statecraft, and its willingness to compromise with partners to boost its claims to leadership status in the global economy. 2 The AIIB initiative: China's first foray into economic institution-building The AIIB is a decidedly Chinese project. It was first publicly announced by President Xi Jinping in a speech to the Indonesian Parliament, made on his first foreign tour in October 2013 (Xi, 2013). Premier Li Keqiang also publicly articulated the initiative during an address to the Boao Forum in April 2014 (Li, 2014). The AIIB was presented as a type of 'win-win' cooperation which would improve economic connectivity between China and Southeast Asia. Noting that infrastructure links are a key pre-condition for economic integration, the AIIB's purpose was to upgrade the road, rail, air, and maritime transport linkages within the region. It was only one component of a three-part Chinese proposal to strengthen Asian economic integration, the others being the BRI, and a commitment to upgrade the ASEAN–China free trade agreement (FTA). ASEAN – rather than 'Asia' more broadly conceived – was the primary audience at the time. As Xi Jinping remarked: 'China is committed to greater connectivity with ASEAN countries… [and] will propose the establishment of an Asian infrastructure investment bank that would give priority to ASEAN countries' needs' (Xi, 2013). However, China's ambitions for the AIIB changed as the institution began to take form. Diplomatic negotiations with prospective members bore fruit one year later, when a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on establishing the AIIB was signed in October 2014 (Xinhua, 2014b). This established an interim secretariat which was headed by Jin Liqun, a Chinese official with extensive experience in international banking.3 The initial MoU signatories were a group of 20 'recipient' economies from across South, Southeast, and West Asia, who were attracted by the prospect of securing infrastructure financing (Chin, 2016). But in the early months of 2015, Chinese diplomats made strenuous efforts to secure a wider range of major economies from both in and out of Asia. As the 31 March deadline for membership applications approached, a rapid influx of 'donor' participants – including the UK, Germany, Australia, Korea, and Saudi Arabia – joined. The AIIB commenced operations and held its first Board of Governors meeting on 16 January 2016, which elected Jin Liqun as its inaugural President. What was initially billed as an ASEAN-focussed initiative had in 18 months grown to become a significant addition to the global economic architecture. Per the Articles of Agreement (2015), the AIIB is an MDB dedicated solely to financing infrastructure and infrastructure-related projects in or between its member states. Membership is open to all current World Bank or ADB members. It has an authorized capital stock of $100 billion, of which 20% is paid-in with the remainder at call. It has a tripartite governance structure consisting of a Board of Governors (representing the member states), a 12-person Board of Directors (to whom policy and investment decisions are delegated), and a management team with responsibility for day-to-day operations. It will engage in direct loans, equity investments, loan guarantees, and technical assistance to infrastructure projects as approved by the Board of Directors; or any other activity approved by the Board of Governors. Ordinary loan decisions require a simple majority of Directors, while governance matters4 require a three-quarter 'super-majority' vote. These governance arrangements are almost identical to those of the World Bank and ADB. The principal differences are that: (i) the AIIB will solely finance infrastructure projects; and (ii) it has a non-resident Board of Directors, which will only meet periodically as business needs require (Kawai, 2015). The AIIB is a significant contribution to both the global and regional economic architectures. It is the first MDB established for many years: of the five major MDBs in existence, all but the EBRD were established in the mid-20th century (Table 1). It is very large, with its $100 billion of subscribed capital immediately making it of a similar size to the established regional MDBs. It is also experimental, as it is the only MDB to functionally specialize in infrastructure, and not include broader developmental objectives (such as sustainable development or poverty reduction) in its mandate. In regional terms, it is the first economic body established in Asia since the East Asia Summit was convened in 2005, and the first financial organization since the foundation of the ADB in 1966. Significantly, it is also the first time the Chinese government has proposed, led the negotiations for, and subsequently secured the presidency and headquarters of, a formal multilateral organisation of any kind. The establishment of the AIIB not only reflects a rapid and successful learning process for Chinese diplomats, but also the country's emergence as an institution-builder in global governance (Chin, 2016; Ren, 2016). Table 1 Key features of five major MDBs and AIIB (2017) World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity Source: Author's adaptation from Kawai (2015, Table 1) and MDB websites. EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; AfDB African Development Bank; ADB Asian Development Bank; IADB Inter-American Development Bank. Table 1 Key features of five major MDBs and AIIB (2017) World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity World Bank EBRD AfDB ADB IADB AIIB Year founded 1944 1991 1964 1966 1959 2016 Capital subscriptions $263 billion €445 million $92.1 billion $147 billion $157 billion $100 billion Largest shareholder (%) US (17.4) US (10) Nigeria (8.9) Japan (12.8) US (30) China (28.8) Other major shareholders Japan, Germany, France, UK, China France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK US, Egypt, Japan US, China, India, Australia Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan India, Russia, Germany Members 189 68 80 67 48 70 Special group shareholdings 42% developing 14% transition 60% regional 65% regional 50% regional 75% regional Board of Directors Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Non-resident Main goals Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, market economies Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, poverty reduction Economic development, regional integration Infrastructure and interconnectivity Source: Author's adaptation from Kawai (2015, Table 1) and MDB websites. EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; AfDB African Development Bank; ADB Asian Development Bank; IADB Inter-American Development Bank. One noteworthy feature is the so-called 'regional character' of the AIIB. Members are formally organized into two groups: regional5 and non-regional members. Rules deliberately vest the regional members with control of key bank decisions. A minimum of 75 percent of the capital stock must be held by regional members, and nine of the twelve Director positions are also reserved for delegates from these states. While most MDBs reserve a portion of their voting stock for special groups of members, in the AIIB this reservation is set at a higher 75% level (Table 1). As governance decisions required a 75% super-majority vote, this reservation rule creates a system of asymmetric veto powers. If regional members vote as a bloc they can always carry a governance decision, while non-regional members are unable to collectively exercise vetoes. The purpose of these voting rules is to ensure the bank remains 'led' by its Asian members. Additionally, China currently holds 33% of the capital and 29% of the voting stock. This gives China an informal veto over super-majority governance decisions – a veto power which no other member presently enjoys. 3 What does China really want? The controversy over the AIIB agenda What was the purpose behind China's creation of the AIIB? There is certainly a huge and unmet demand for infrastructure financing in Asia. Attention was first drawn to the regional 'infrastructure gap' by the ADB's Infrastructure for a Seamless Asia report of 2009. This identified a number of barriers to infrastructure investment – principally, a lack of mechanisms to mobilize private finance for long-term and risky infrastructure projects – and estimated that $750 billion would be required per year to close these gaps (ADB, 2009). A recently revised set of estimates has doubled the annual figure to $1.5 trillion (ADB, 2017a). However, the global economy already has a large number of MDBs,6 all of which dedicate a significant share of their loan activities to infrastructure projects. The ADB considers infrastructure its number one investment priority, and during 2010–15 committed 63% of its loans to infrastructure projects.7 As The Economist (2015) has noted, if the Chinese government wanted to support regional infrastructure, a quicker and less controversial approach would have been to simply increase its capital subscription to the ADB. Why choose the more difficult path of establishing a new MDB from scratch? The official Chinese answer is that the existing MDBs are not up to the task, and a new specialized body is required. Two critiques have been made. The first is that the existing MDBs are too slow in decision-making, due to bureaucratic governance practices that make it difficult to mobilize complex infrastructure projects (Bloomberg, 2015). The second is that other MDBs do not specialize in infrastructure, instead focusing on other developmental agendas (particularly poverty reduction) which impose obstacles to infrastructure projects (Xinhua, 2015a). For example, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has argued '[The AIIB] will learn from the good practices of other multilateral development banks and avoid taking detours that these banks have made, so as to cut costs and increase efficiency' (WSJ, 2015d). The absence of a resident Board of Directors is cited as one of the AIIB's main governance innovations. Jin Liqun has argued that this will enable the bank to concentrate expertise in infrastructure financing, and empower the management team to make faster operational decisions than other MDBs (FT, 2015). This philosophy is embodied in the mantra that the AIIB will be a 'lean, clean and green' institution (Reuters, 2015b). However, not all observers are convinced by the official Chinese narrative. Skeptics have argued a range of broader – and potentially revisionist – motives underlie China's AIIB agenda. These revisionist interpretations start from the observation that the creation of the AIIB is also a challenge to existing patterns of global economic governance. By establishing a new MDB which is controlled by China and developing country governments in Asia, it is argued the AIIB challenges the pre-eminent role of the Washington-centric Bretton Woods institutions (Harpaz, 2016). In conjunction with the closely related BRI project, it also reflects a Chinese attempt to revise the global and regional architectures in ways that properly reflect its newfound political and economic status (Sun, 2015; Beeson and Li, 2016). What unites these revisionist interpretations is the suggestion that a range of strategic objectives, beyond the supply of infrastructure financing, were also behind China's decision to launch the AIIB. Some have argued the AIIB is part of a Chinese revisionist push for international financial institution (IFI) reform. As its weight in the global economy has grown in recent years, China has pushed for reforms which would give developing countries greater say in IFI governance. However, these initiatives have repeatedly been blocked by western countries, particularly the loan practices of the World Bank (Etzioni, 2016), and US vetoes of IMF voting quota adjustments (Wade and Vestergaard, 2015). Having failed to achieve IFI reform through 'voice' strategies, it is argued that China has turned to 'exit' instead: creating a new institution which embodies its desired governance practices and within which western countries do not hold veto powers (Reisen, 2015). Lawrence Summers has gone as far to suggest that the AIIB was a direct response to the US Congress rejecting a 2010 IMF agreement to recalculate voting quotas, which would have greatly increased China's share (Caixin, 2015). Even Chinese officials have publicly connected the AIIB to broader IFI reform efforts. For example, Finance Minister Lou Jiwei explained that the AIIB would reflect developing country interests, and would therefore eschew some of the rules which western countries had insisted upon in other MDBs (Bloomberg, 2015). A more mundane suggestion is that China wishes to use the AIIB to export its spare industrial capacity. The Chinese economy presently has major overcapacity in many of its heavy industries – particularly the steel, energy, and construction sectors – which the government has identified as its top economic policy priority (China Daily, 2016). As much of this could be put to use in infrastructure projects, several analysts have argued the AIIB is in part designed to create business for Chinse heavy industrial sectors (Kawai, 2015; Sun, 2015). In early 2015, there were also reports that the Chinese government wanted the AIIB to issue RMB- rather than USD-denominated loans, to advance its agenda of internationalizing the RMB (SCMP, 2015). This has raised concerns about the transparency and commercial orientation of the AIIB, particularly given China's control of management. If the Chinese government uses this to ensure that construction contracts are awarded to its firms, and/or are RMB-denominated, the AIIB risks looking less like a genuine MDB and more like an instrument of Chinese financial or industrial policy. American critics have dismissed it as a 'disguised cash register for Chinese state-owned enterprises' (Foreign Policy, 2015). On the geopolitical front, others have alleged the AIIB is a vehicle for China to gain diplomatic influence with Asian countries. As China is the single-largest shareholder, holds the Presidency, and currently enjoys a veto power over governance matters, it has significant capacity to shape who receives AIIB loans and on what terms. This led many western commentators to argue that China could preferentially direct AIIB loans as a diplomatic tool: either make side payments to friendly states, or to spread its sphere of influence in the region.8Reisen (2015) has labelled this a form of 'shadow global diplomacy', which explicitly aims to dilute US influence in Asia by offering a competing source of development financing. Sun (2015) has documented that this interpretation is also widespread amongst Chinese foreign policy analysts, who have argued that receiving AIIB loans will strengthen Asian countries ties to China, by increasing their political alignment with and/or economic dependence upon it. For their part, Chinese officials have denied such allegations (Xinhua, 2015b), while Jin Liqun has bluntly argued 'the AIIB is a bank, not a political organisation or political alliance' (Reuters, 2015b). A related critique is that China intends the AIIB to function as the 'Belt and Road Bank'. There is significant overlap between the two Chinese initiatives. Both were announced in 2013 and both target countries in South, Southeast, West, and Central Asia, and both emphasize infrastructure and economic connectivity. Rather than financing the most economically-justified infrastructure projects, it is suggested China may use the AIIB to channel capital to those which politically align with its broader BRI plans (Ferdinand, 2016). Indeed, Chinese policy confirms this suggestion. Xi Jinping has argued that the main purpose of the AIIB is to provide capital for infrastructure projects required by the BRI initiative (Xinhua, 2014a). The National Development and Reform Commission's BRI policy also lists the AIIB – alongside the domestically owned Silk Road Fund (SRF) – as the principal financiers for BRI projects (NDRC, 2015). Given that the SRF is only capitalized to $40 billion, the AIIB is therefore the largest officially-identified source of capital for BRI projects. Tellingly, at the time of writing all the AIIB's loans have been made to countries falling within the BRI program (Table 3). What unites these critiques is the suggestion that there is more to China's AIIB initiative than its declared goal of closing infrastructure gaps. A range of revisionist agendas – whether economic and/or diplomatic – are argued to be motives behind its establishment. This controversy over Chinese intentions has cast a shadow over the AIIB's membership. The Japanese government has repeatedly declined membership invitations, citing concerns over bank transparency, and fears the AIIB would compete with the ADB's existing infrastructure efforts (Katada, 2016). The US government has opposed the AIIB on the principle that it would not uphold the high standards of the World Bank and other MDBs. During 2014, the Obama Administration lobbied allies in Asia to decline Chinese membership invitations (Harris, 2015). While these lobbying efforts ultimately failed, the US and Japan continue to maintain a joint position of not joining the AIIB until several governance and transparency concerns are addressed (The White House, 2015). Despite repeated denials by Chinese officials, the controversy over China's agenda has persisted, and is currently the single greatest challenge to the perceived international legitimacy of the AIIB. 4 Growing membership and negotiating governance compromises One of the major sources of the AIIB controversy concerns bank governance. Two assumptions inform its critics. The first is that the AIIB is a China-controlled institution: that as the founder, host, and largest shareholder, the Chinese government has the capacity to determine to whom and on what terms it will make loans. The second is that the Chinese government has a coherent and unchanging AIIB strategy: a set of strategic goals which it intends to realize through the bank. Both assumptions are problematic. The AIIB which emerged from membership negotiations was a broad-based multilateral institution, which brought together a diverse range of developed and developing countries from many regions of the world. Moreover, these members had their own preferences – which were not always aligned with China's – over how the AIIB would be governed. To secure the membership of these governments, Chinese negotiators had to find compromises between their own strategic agendas and the interests and demands of partners. China responded to partner requests by recalibrating its strategy, and as a result the AIIB changed quite dramatically between proposal and establishment. China's initial AIIB pitch was made to prospective members in 2014. This culminated in a MoU to establish the AIIB, which was signed in October 2014 and established an interim secretariat in Beijing. However, its initial efforts to attract members delivered very modest results. The 21 signatories9 to the 2014 MoU were predominantly small, developing countries in South, Southeast, and West Asia. These governments were attracted by the opportunity of accessing a new source of infrastructure financing, and publicly welcomed the Chinese initiative (Chin, 2016; Ba, 2017). However, most of the region's major economies – including Australia, Japan, Korea, and Russia – initially sat on the sidelines. The exact nature of China's AIIB proposal at the time was fluid, and never officially presented for public scrutiny. However, reports from involved parties indicate it contained the following features: A focus on attracting member states from within the Asian region (Xinhua, 2015d); Governance arrangements vesting considerable authority in the hands of the Bank President, with reduced Director oversight relative to other MDBs (New York Times, 2014; Japan Times, 2015) Minimalist environmental, social, and transparency safeguards, which fell short of the 'best practices' applied by the World Bank and ADB (Devex, 2014) Proposals for loans to be issued either in RMB or an 'AIIB basket' with mixed denomination (SCMP, 2015) A preference for using Chinese construction contractors in AIIB-funded projects (Sun, 2015) China to contribute over 50% of the capital stock, and thus hold a formal veto power over all loan decisions (Reuters, 2015a) Together, these proposals amounted to an AIIB that was formally China-controlled, and would have granted the management team considerable autonomy to advance the China's own economic goals. Such an approach was evidently acceptable to the developing economies who signed the 2014 MoU. However, they were rejected by many western countries, who expressed discomfort with the idea of a Chinese-controlled bank deviating from the accepted international practices in development financing. Key were the US, Japan, and several European countries, who all declined membership invitations citing governance and transparency concerns. During 2014, the US successfully lobbied several allies in Asia – including Australia and Korea – to stay out (Harris, 2015). Indonesia was also initially absent due to its 2017 Presidential election (Ba, 2017). As the final deadline for membership applications approached, it appeared the AIIB would be limited to China and the handful of developing countries willing to accede to its preferred governance model. This was to change with the last-minute addition of European members. On 12 March, the British government took the unexpected step of becoming the first major western economy to join. It officially claimed the intention was to improve the AIIB by shaping governance arrangements from the inside; though observers argued it also hoped AIIB membership would establish the City of London as a hub for Chinese finance (WSJ, 2015a). The US chastised the British government for breaking rank, with officials publicly remarking 'We are wary about a trend toward constant accommodation of China, which is not the best way to engage a rising power' (The Guardian, 2015). But British membership would set off a flood of other membership applications. Germany, France, and Italy all announced intentions to join four days later; and over the next fortnight Switzerland, Australia, Korea, Russia, Brazil, and Turkey followed suit. By the 31 March deadline, 57 countries had signed up. This was widely considered a diplomatic coup for China. Its overtures had prevailed in the face of stiff US opposition, and managed to split from the US several of its key alliance partners. Foreign Policy magazine labelled the episode 'Washington's big China screw-up' (2015). Expanded membership greatly increased the perceived international legitimacy of the AIIB. China could boast that its new MDB included most of the world's major economic powers, conferring a degree of prestige and credibility it had previously lacked (Tang, 2015). However, their presence also fundamentally changed the internal character of the bank. Prior to the expansion, the AIIB could reasonably be described as a China-dominated institution (Table 2). But with the new members came a dramatic redistribution of formal control. China's shareholding was diluted to 29%, and non-regional members held 23% of the voting power. Moreover, China now had to accommodate an impressive range of economic powers, including 4 of the G7, 14 of the G20, and 12 members of the European Union (EU). Indeed, the EU states had publicly declared they were not content with China's previous proposals, and as AIIB members would push for governance arrangements similar to those in the other MDBs (WSJ, 2015b). With the Articles of Agreement and other operational policies still to be finalized, negotiations over the final shape of the AIIB became far more complex. Table 2 Changes in AIIB capital and voting structures MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 Source: Author's calculations and (AIIB, 2016d). Notes: *indicates a non-regional member. Implied capital subscriptions are calculated based on 2015 GDP figures, weighted 60% to exchange-rate USD and 40% to USD-PPP (Kawai, 2015). Voting shares are calculated using the formula specified in the AIIB Articles of Agreement. Table 2 Changes in AIIB capital and voting structures MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 MoU signatories (October 2014) Founding members (September 2016) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) Capital subscriptions (USD millions) Voting shares (%) China 59,350 52.51 29,780 28.79 India 20,504 18.47 8,367 8.31 Russia 6,536 6.56 Germany* 4,484 4.59 Korea 3,739 3.88 Australia 3,691 3.84 France* 3,375 3.53 Indonesia 3,360 3.52 UK* 3,054 3.23 Turkey 2,609 2.80 Italy* 2,571 2.77 Saudi Arabia 2,545 2.74 Other regional 20,110 29.02 9,333 16.30 Other non-regional*, 5,684 9.13 Subtotal regional 100,000 100 69,960 76.75 Subtotal non-regional* 19,168 23.24 Source: Author's calculations and (AIIB, 2016d). Notes: *indicates a non-regional member. Implied capital subscriptions are calculated based on 2015 GDP figures, weighted 60% to exchange-rate USD and 40% to USD-PPP (Kawai, 2015). Voting shares are calculated using the formula specified in the AIIB Articles of Agreement. During April and May 2015, two further negotiating rounds were held amongst the now-enlarged group of founding members. Significant pressure was brought to bear by the western governments – led by the UK and Germany – to adopt more transparent and rules-based governance practices (WSJ, 2015a, 2015b). These resulted in the final Articles of Agreement which were settled on 22 May. By this time, it was clear that Chinese negotiators had made significant concessions. The AIIB was now to use the same tripartite governance system of other MDBs, which vests the Board of Directors (rather than management team) with authority over loan decision. It explicitly adopted a commercial orientation, with loan decisions to be made against objective criteria and projects required to pay commercial interest rates. Loans were to be issued in USD. China also shelved its request for a formal veto power over loan decisions, and agreed to reduce its shareholding to 28% of the voting stock. The veto power concession was reportedly made to secure the involvement of European governments, who from the outset had made this a condition of their membership (WSJ, 2015c). With the Articles of Agreement in place, members spent the remainder of 2015 negotiating the AIIB's policies and guidelines.10 Former officials from the World Bank and ADB were brought in to assist with the drafting process (FT, 2016). The result was a set of policies which closely conformed to the international practices of the other MDBs: An Operational Policy on Financing laid out commercial criteria for how potential projects would be assessed, and how financing packages would be structured. A Sovereign-backed Loan and Guarantee Pricing Policy sets transparent interest rates (LIBOR plus specified adjustments) for loans to host government-backed projects. A Procurement Policy outlines a commercially oriented set of procurement goals, which emphasize efficiency, value-for-money, fit-for-purposeness, and transparency. Accountability and transparency are achieved through a Public Information (Interim) Policy and Policy on Prohibited Practices, while Codes of Conduct for Directors and management personnel enforces ethical standards and anti-corruption measures. An Environmental and Social Framework provided a mechanism to evaluate the broader societal impacts of projects during the assessment process. The outcome was an AIIB which, contrary to earlier Chinese claims of institutional innovation, largely reproduces existing MDB governance practices. With the exception of its non-resident Board of Directors and 75% capital reservation for regional members, the AIIB's governance arrangements are for all practical purposes identical to those of the ADB and World Bank (Kawai, 2015). Additionally, all of the revisionist elements within China's initial proposal had been removed. Demands for management-led decision-making and Chinese veto powers were abandoned during negotiations for the Articles of Agreement; while the desire to issue RMB-denominated loans and preferentially award contracts to Chinese suppliers were prohibited by the operational policies. As Sun (2015) has argued, this change from a revisionist to legitimacy-enhancing agenda demonstrates the flexibility of China's AIIB strategy. The prospect of securing western country membership through governance compromises posed a choice: either a formally Chinese-controlled or internationally legitimate bank, but not both. The Chinese government ultimately opted for the latter. While the AIIB started with revisionist intentions, by the time it commenced operations in 2016 its governance practices had transformed to fit squarely within the MDB status quo. 5 Competing or cooperating with the other MDBs? A second source of controversy was criticisms that the AIIB would function as a China-backed competitor to the existing MDBs. All the major MDBs already have dedicated infrastructure financing programs, and in recent years have been increasing the volume of loans to infrastructure projects. The concern is that the AIIB might compete with its peers for the limited number of commercially-viable infrastructure projects available. This is particularly acute given the so-called 'bankable projects problem' – the fact that there are few infrastructure projects which are sufficiently developed for a financier to be able to offer a loan. The ADB is considered to be under a particular threat. As the ADB already dedicates more than half its budget to infrastructure, and operates in the same region, critics have claimed that the AIIB and ADB must inevitably compete for the limited number of bankable projects in Asia (Sun, 2015). Japan's continuing refusal to join the AIIB, despite China's governance concessions, is reportedly due to a desire to protect the status of the Japan-led ADB against a China-backed rival (Katada, 2016). Chinese actors have gone to great lengths to refute the notion that the AIIB was designed as competitor institution. Jin Liqun has repeatedly denied suggestions of rivalry, pledging that the AIIB would cooperate with the other MDBs through knowledge-sharing and co-financing (Xinhua, 2015c; ASPI, 2016). Concerted efforts were directed at the ADB, with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang personally meeting ADB President Nakao Takehiko a week prior to the March 2015 membership deadline. While this overture failed to convince the Japanese government to join, it did deliver an in-principle agreement for the AIIB and ADB to cooperate through technical exchanges (Japan Times, 2015). The World Bank also responded positively. In a widely publicized speech given in April, President Jim Yong Kim argued that negative attitudes to the AIIB amongst the international development community needed to change: The fundamental issue for us is your enemy cannot be other institutions. Your enemy has to be poverty. If your enemy is poverty, the natural thing to do is welcome any new players that are interested in developing the kind of infrastructure that will end poverty (Devex, 2015). A key element of China's charm offensive was a set of cooperation agreements negotiated with the other MDBs.11 The first was a co-financing agreement with the World Bank in April 2016, which would enable the two banks to develop and fund infrastructure projects together. The terms stipulated that the World Bank would be the supervising partner, so that its loan policies and safeguards – and not the AIIB's – would be applied. This was followed by MoUs signed with the ADB, EBRD, and European Investment Bank in May. These were less rigid than the World Bank agreement, but contained provisions for information sharing, dialogue on policy development, and the joint-financing of infrastructure projects. The political logic behind these agreements was to send a message that the AIIB would not be a competitor to the other MDBs. However, these cooperation agreements also had an institutional purpose: to help build the technical capacity of the AIIB itself. When its first financing activities began in June 2016, the AIIB had extremely limited resources. It had no project development 'pipeline' of its own, relied upon external consultants for all technical work, and publicly acknowledged many of its policies required further elaboration before they were ready to be used to manage projects (AIIB, 2016c). In short, the AIIB was wholly dependent on other MDBs to supply it both bankable projects and the technical expertise to execute them. Both the World Bank and ADB proved happy to oblige. Their respective Presidents made offers to 'share knowledge' with the AIIB during its start-up phase, and many of the key staff and consultants hired during 2016 were former World Bank and/or ADB officials (ASPI, 2016). The World Bank co-financing agreement was especially important in this regard. It not only provided access to World Bank technical experts, but also promised to include the AIIB as a financier partner in infrastructure projects it had been developing for several years (World Bank & AIIB, 2016). The AIIB has since been dependent upon other MDBs for the supply of finance-ready projects. By June 2017, six rounds of funding had been completed, with seventeen projects receiving a total of $2.8 billion (Table 3). However, the AIIB has typically played a junior finance partner role. The World Bank invited it to join seven of its pre-existing projects, the ADB four, and the EBRD one. In each case the MDB partner was the 'lead lender' – the party which develops and manages the project, provides the largest financing contribution, and applies their own loan and safeguards policies. The AIIB's role was limited to that of junior partner, who only became involved once a project was ready for financing, and only contributed finance rather than project management or policy supervision. Only four relatively minor projects were independent efforts launched and managed by the AIIB, and in two cases these were duplications of previous projects developed by other MDBs.12 Even the AIIB's financial contribution is relatively modest, accounting for only one-third of the MDB loans, and 17% of total project costs. Thus far, the AIIB has mostly loaned with support from, and under the direct policy supervision of, the established MDBs. Table 3 AIIB-funded projects, June 2017 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Source: Author's compilation from AIIB (2017), ADB (2017b), World Bank (2017). *indicates The India Infrastructure Fund received an equity investment; all other AIIB contributions were made as commercially-priced loans. Table 3 AIIB-funded projects, June 2017 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Funding date Country Name Lead lender/s AIIB involved at launch? AIIB Other MDBs Other partners Total project value June 2016 Bangladesh Power distribution system upgrade AIIB Yes 165 97 262 Indonesia Slum upgrading project WB No 216.5 216.5 1310 1743 Pakistan Shorkot-Khanewal M-4 Motorway upgrade ADB No 100 134 39 273 Tajikistan Dushanbe-Uzbekistan road improvement EBRD No 27.5 62.5 16 106 September 2016 Pakistan Tarbela-5 Hydropower extension WB No 300 390 133 823 Myanmar Myingyan CCGT power plant ADB, IFC No 20 117 137 December 2016 Oman Railway system preparation planning AIIB Yes 36 24 60 Oman Duqm Port commercial terminal AIIB Yes 265 88 353 Azerbaijan TANAP Pipeline WB No 600 2600 5400 8600 Mar 2017 Indonesia Dam operational improvement and safety WB No 125 125 50 300 Indonesia Regional Infrastructure Development Fund WB No 100 103 203 406 Bangladesh Natural Gas infrastructure upgrade ADB No 60 167 226 453 May 2017 India Andhra Pradesh power distribution upgrade WB No 160 240 171 571 June 2017 Georgia Batumi Bypass road project ADB No 114 114 87 315 India India Infrastructure Fund* None No 150 600 750 Tajikistan Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Phase I WB (IDA) No 60 225 65 350 India Gujarat rural roads upgrade AIIB Yes 329 329 658 Total 2,828 4,591 8,741 16,160 Source: Author's compilation from AIIB (2017), ADB (2017b), World Bank (2017). *indicates The India Infrastructure Fund received an equity investment; all other AIIB contributions were made as commercially-priced loans. This data reveals that the AIIB very much remains in a start-up phase. These initial projects provide learning opportunities for the AIIB, which will develop the capacity to operate with greater independence as the institution matures. But given that the AIIB's $100 billion of subscribed capital is comparable to the other MDBs (Table 1), it will be impossible to dispose of solely by piggybacking on its peers. Nonetheless, there is no evidence the AIIB is competing with the ADB or World Bank for projects. Nor is there evidence of governance standards being diluted. As World Bank or ADB policies are applied to the joint projects, the involvement of the AIIB has made no impact either on project governance, or the commercial structure of loans. Thus far, all the AIIB has done is channel a comparatively small amount of capital into existing MDB mechanisms for infrastructure financing in Asia. 6 Conclusion: Leadership-seeking through a status quo institution To its critics, China's AIIB initiative is viewed as a revisionist attempt to redraw the institutions of global economic governance. Yet the bank which emerged in 2016 has few such features. The AIIB is a broad-based multilateral institution with a diverse membership of developed and developing economies. It has adopted the governance practices and policy frameworks which are considered international best practices for development financing. It has established cooperative rather than competitive relationships with its MDB peers, and has thus far depended upon them for the supply of technical expertise and bankable projects. While China holds the largest share of the capital stock, and an informal veto over governance decisions, it does not formally control the routine activities of the bank. The AIIB's principal impacts have been establishing the world's first-dedicated infrastructure bank, unlocking an additional $100 billion for infrastructure projects in Asia, and being the first multilateral organization conceived of and led by China. These are certainly significant developments for global economic governance. But they also fall well-short of revisionism proper, as they do not challenge the existing norms, rules, or institutional practices for development financing. Far from being a revisionist institution, the AIIB largely conforms to the MDB status quo. This was made possible by a change in the Chinese government's strategy. China's initial AIIB pitch was very much for an Asian-focussed and revisionist institution. It would have vested China with formal control of the bank, and advanced a range of Chinese geoeconomic agendas including as IFI reform, RMB internationalization, and the BRI program. While developing economies in Asia accepted this template, western country governments would not participate on these terms. In early 2015 Chinese government faced a choice: either proceed with the revisionist agenda and create a small Asian institution that would be viewed with skepticism elsewhere; or create a larger and globally legitimate body via governance concessions to western partners. Demonstrating the flexibility of Chinese foreign policy, it quickly adapted its proposal to create an institution which many governments were willing to support. The controversy over the AIIB has greatly diminished as a result. In March 2017, a further thirteen governments joined the bank, including Belgium, Canada, and Ireland. It now counts practically all major economies bar the US and Japan as members, and is recognized by its MDB peers as a development financing partner. Why did China change its AIIB strategy? These governance compromises evidence the mixed motives underlying contemporary Chinese foreign policy, and the challenge translating these into shared multilateral institutions. On one hand, the Chinese government clearly harbored revisionist ambitions to establish a new MDB that would reflect its own interests. But on the other, it was also an exercise in status-seeking: becoming an institution-builder rather than just an institution-follower, and thus projecting its desired image as a 'responsible great power' (Breslin, 2013). The diverging interests of other major economies meant that these goals proved largely incompatible. Chinese negotiators attempted to realise both revisionist and status-seeking objectives during the early phases of the AIIB, but by early 2015 it had become clear these could not be simultaneously achieved. As Ikenberry and Lim (2017) argue, China's response to its AIIB dilemma thus reflected a fundamental characteristic of multilateralism – that it is a source of both legitimacy and constraint. Legitimacy-through-leadership is contingent on acceptance-through-followership, and where state preferences diverge, compromise is required by those with leadership aspirations. The constraints imposed by multilateralism required China to sacrifice demands for formal authority over the AIIB in exchange for the informal influence a broad-based institution would offer. Indeed, establishing a 'status quo AIIB' has greatly strengthened China's leadership credentials. Not only has China for the first time led the creation of a multilateral institution, but also hosts the headquarters and presidency of a major international economic organization. Securing the membership of western countries in the face of US opposition – particularly Australia, Germany, Korea, and the UK – signals a recognition of leadership status by the international community that China has never previously enjoyed (Ren, 2016). The compromises made during negotiations has sent a clear message to its key diplomatic partners, both in and outside Asia, that China is willing to make the adjustments necessary to function as a responsible great power (Ba, 2017). As Xinhua editorialized following the accession of the European members: The world watched as the number of countries applying to be founding members of the AIIB rose to 46 by the Tuesday deadline. The soaring participation has been seen as evidence of China's growing international sway. If there is one message to glean from the number of applicants, it is that the world has sensibly voted for a more inclusive, balanced and mutually beneficial international economic order. (Xinhua, 2015a) This transition has broader implications for how contemporary Chinese foreign economic policy is understood. In recent years, China has become a more activist institution-builder, playing a leadership role in economic initiatives such as the AIIB, the BRI, and the New Development Bank. These developments have led many to suggest an historic transformation from a status quo to revisionist orientation in Chinese foreign policy is occurring, as its material capacity for – and interest in – institutional leadership grows (Sun, 2015; Beeson and Li, 2016; Ferdinand, 2016; Yu, 2016). However, the flexibility in China's AIIB strategy indicates claims regarding putative revisionism should be moderated. The Chinese government certainly held revisionist aspirations for the AIIB; yet it was also willing to shelve these aspirations when faced with the compromises required for successful multilateral leadership. Rather than singularly classifying China as either a revisionist or status quo power, the case of the AIIB demonstrates Chinese foreign policy is flexible, pursues multiple agendas, and is capable of accommodating the interests of its partners. As Breslin (2013) has argued, China has multiple – and sometimes competing – motivations, whose expression in international institutions will be product of negotiated compromise rather than imposed grand design. Of course, the AIIB remains a very new institution. At the time of writing it has been in operation for over a year, and has only issued $2.8 billion worth of loans – a tiny fraction of its $100 billion subscribed capital. Its governance policies remain largely untested, as most of its loans have been made under the policy supervision of the World Bank or ADB. As the AIIB accumulates technical capacity and experience, it will need to begin financing infrastructure projects in its own right. This transition to operational independence will prove the ultimate test of China's longer term intentions for the bank. In the absence of MDB partners, will the AIIB maintain its declared commitment to a commercial, transparent, and socially- and environmentally sensitive approach to infrastructure financing? And while the Chinese government had ceded formal control, will it use its informal influence over bank operations – via its policy veto power and the bank presidency – to pursue the strategic goals that western critics allege were its real motives? The Chinese government has already changed its AIIB strategy once, it might reverse approach again. But at present, it is clear the AIIB is squarely a status quo institution, principally designed to augment China's leadership credentials in global economic governance. Time will tell whether revisionist agendas will re-emerge. Footnotes 1 For a critique of the definitional imprecision regarding 'revisionist' behavior, see Johnston (2003, pp. 8–12). 2 For the key terms of this debate, see Buzan (2010), Johnston (2003), Legro (2007). 3 Jin Liqun was a former Chinese Vice-Minister of Finance, Vice-President of the Asian Development Bank, and Chairman of the China International Capital Corporation (Xinhua, 2016). 4 These governance decisions include those surrounding membership, capital allocations and voting rights, the constitution and membership of the Board of Directors, and the creation and amendment of bank policies. 5 Per Article 1.2 of the Articles of Agreement, AIIB regional members comprise those who belong to the UN's 'Asia and Oceania' geographic group. This 55-member group includes many which would not conventionally be considered part of 'Asia', such as the states of the Middle East. 6 The exact number depends on how an MDB is defined. There are five core MDBs – the World Bank plus its four regionally-focussed counterparts (EBRD, AfDB, ADB, and IADB) – though many smaller sub-regional and specialized banks extend the list. 7 Author's calculations (ADB, various years). 8 For a summary of these critiques, see The Diplomat (2014). 9 The 2014 MoU signatories comprised Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. 10 These policies are available at AIIB (2016b). 11 A full list of the AIIB's cooperation agreements is available at AIIB (2016a). 12 The Bangladesh power distribution system upgrade (June 2016) and Indian Gujarat rural roads upgrade (June 2017) projects were AIIB-led. 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( 2015 ) 'The Politics of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank', in Trends in Southeast Asia (No. 10). Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies . The Diplomat ( 2014 ) Under US pressure, major countries snub China's New Regional Bank. (2014, October 23). The Economist ( 2015 ) Following the money. (2015, March 17). The Guardian ( 2015 ) US anger at Britain joining Chinese-led Investment Bank AIIB. (2015, March 13). The White House ( 2015 ) 'Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Abe of Japan in Joint Press Conference', April 28. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/04/28/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-abe-japan-joint-press-confere (10 May 2017, date last accessed). Wade R.H. , Vestergaard J. ( 2015 ) ' Why Is the IMF at an Impasse, and What Can Be Done about It?', Global Policy , 6 ( 3 ), 290 – 296 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS Wall Street Journal ( 2015a ) UK to Join China-Backed Development Bank. (2015, March 13). Wall Street Journal ( 2015b ) Germany, France, Italy to join China-backed Development Bank. (2015, March 17). Wall Street Journal ( 2015c ) China forgoes veto power at new bank to win key European Nations' support. (2015, March 23). Wall Street Journal ( 2015d ) AIIB tests Beijing's management style. (2015, June 28). World Bank ( 2017 ) 'Projects & Operations Database'. http://projects.worldbank.org/ (6 August 2017, date last accessed). World Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ( 2016 ) 'World Bank and AIIB Sign First Co-Financing Framework Agreement', April 13.http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/04/13/world-bank-and-aiib-sign-first-co-financing-framework-agreement (10 May 2017, date last accessed). Xi J. ( 2013 ) 'Speech by Chinese President Xi Jinping to Indonesian Parliament', March 10. http://www.asean-china-center.org/english/2013-10/03/c_133062675.htm (10 May 2017, date last accessed). Xinhua ( 2014a ) 习近平:加快推进丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路建设 [Xi Jinping: Accelerate the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Construction]. (2014, June 11). Xinhua ( 2014b ) 21 Countries initiate Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. (2014, October 24). Xinhua ( 2015a ) The world votes for AIIB, new economic order (2015, January 4). Xinhua ( 2015b ) Biased reports on AIIB betray entrenched prejudice against China. (2015, March 31). Xinhua ( 2015c ) China focus: AIIB preparation in full swing. (2015, April 16). Xinhua ( 2015d ) 楼继伟:亚投行创始成员国资格确认3月底截止 [Lou Jiwei: Asia Investment Bank Founding Member States to Confirm the End of March Deadline]. (2015, June 3). Xinhua ( 2016 ) Who's Jin Liqun: The 'gold' that glitters in AIIB. (2016, January 16). Yu H. ( 2016 ) ' Motivation behind China's 'One Belt, One Road' initiatives and establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank', Journal of Contemporary China , 26 ( 105 ), 353 – 368 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS © The author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press in association with the Japan Association of International Relations; all rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) International Relations of the Asia-Pacific – Oxford University Press Published: Jan 1, 2019 citation_author=Asian Development Bank; citation_publisher=Asian Development Bank, Manila; Annual Reports citation_author=Asian Development Bank; citation_publisher=Asian Development Bank, Manila; Infrastructure for a Seamless Asia citation_author=Asian Development Bank; citation_publisher=Asian Development Bank, Manila; Meeting Asia's Infrastructure Needs Is China leading? China, Southeast Asia and East Asian integration', citation_publisher=Routledge, London; Regional Institutions, Geopolitics and Economics in the Asia-Pacific: Evolving Interests and Strategies China's place in regional and global governance: a new world comes into view', China's emerging global role: dissatisfied responsible great power', China and the global order: signalling threat or friendship?', China in international society: is 'peaceful rise' possible?', 'Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: governance innovation and prospects' 'The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: a case study of multifaceted containment' Westward Ho—the China Dream and 'one Belt, One Road': Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping', China's coherence in international economic governance', citation_publisher=Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA, Washington, DC; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: China as Responsible Stakeholder Is China a revisionist power?', citation_publisher=Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; China's Emerging Institutional Statecraft: The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Prospects for Counter-Hegemony Is China a status quo power?', citation_publisher=East-West Center, Honolulu; Asia-Pacific Issues What China Will Want: The Future Intentions of a Rising Power', citation_author=National Development and Reform Commission (PRC); citation_publisher=Information Office of the National Development and Reform Commission, Beijing; Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road 'International society as a process: institutions, identities, and China's peaceful rise' Will the AIIB and the NDB help reform multilateral development banking?', China as an institution-builder: the case of the AIIB', citation_publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore; Trends in Southeast Asia Why Is the IMF at an Impasse, and What Can Be Done about It?', Motivation behind China's 'One Belt, One Road' initiatives and establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank', Wilson, J.D. (2019). The evolution of China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: from a revisionist to status-seeking agenda. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 19(1), Wilson, JeffreyD. "The evolution of China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: from a revisionist to status-seeking agenda." International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 19.1 (2019).

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Radio Waves: Stories Making Waves in the World of Radio Welcome to the SWLing Post's Radio Waves, a collection of links to interesting stories making waves in the world of radio. Enjoy! Many thanks to SWLing Post contributors Dennis Dura, JP, NT, and Paul for the following tips: Hear Absolute Radio's 200KW Transmitter Switch Off Forever (YouTube) Pirate Database (FCC) Many thanks to SWLing Post contributor, JP, who shares a link to the FCC Pirate Radio database: Pirate Database In accordance with section 511(g) of the PIRATE Act, the following databases are provided to identify (i) each entity against whom an enforcement action for pirate radio broadcasting has been issued, and (ii) licensed radio stations. Pirate Radio Database Licensed AM and FM Radio Station Database New York's Forgotten Radio Island (Messy Nessy Chic) As far as islands go, Manhattan is one of the most famous and instantly recognisable. But if you were to charter a boat and sail around its coastline and through New York's natural harbour you'd come across many more islands so small that hardly anyone knows are there. There are around thirty or so of these odd little islands, all mostly uninhabited or privately owned and strictly off limits, but filled with strange tales and peculiar histories. Many of these islands are tantalisingly close to New York City, but remain out of reach. As travel writer Robert Sullivan put it "the islands are our silent neighbours. It is easy to live here and never notice them." […]This story however, is about one such tiny island, just 150 feet square, and so small you can barely spot it on Google Maps unless you knew where to look. Once known as Little Pea Island, it is located about a mile off shore from Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, and has room enough for just one building. It has been home to a Jazz Age era swanky yacht club, a radio station and for a while, the home to a glitzy Hollywood showbiz couple who ran a morning radio show from their home on the island. The last owner recently renovated the island into a self-sufficient, five thousand square feet luxury home, which today lies empty. [Continue reading the full story…] Device transmits radio waves with almost no power – without violating the laws of physics (The Conversation) A new ultra-low-power method of communication at first glance seems to violate the laws of physics. It is possible to wirelessly transmit information simply by opening and closing a switch that connects a resistor to an antenna. No need to send power to the antenna. Our system, combined with techniques for harvesting energy from the environment, could lead to all manner of devices that transmit data, including tiny sensors and implanted medical devices, without needing batteries or other power sources. These include sensors for smart agriculture, electronics implanted in the body that never need battery changes, better contactless credit cards and maybe even new ways for satellites to communicate. Apart from the energy needed to flip the switch, no other energy is needed to transmit the information. In our case, the switch is a transistor, an electrically controlled switch with no moving parts that consumes a minuscule amount of power. In the simplest form of ordinary radio, a switch connects and disconnects a strong electrical signal source – perhaps an oscillator that produces a sine wave fluctuating 2 billion times per second – to the transmit antenna. When the signal source is connected, the antenna produces a radio wave, denoting a 1. When the switch is disconnected, there is no radio wave, indicating a 0. [Continue reading…] Is AM radio dead? Tesla thinks so! (YouTube) Is AM radio dying? If you ask Tesla, it's already dead. But what does that mean for the hundreds of local AM radio stations across the US? This entry was posted in AM, Broadcasters, International Broadcasting, Mediumwave, News, Nostalgia, Radio History and tagged Absolute Radio, AM Radio, FCC Enforcement Bureau, FCC Pirate Database, Little Pea Island, Transmitters on January 31, 2023 by Thomas. By Jock Elliott, KB2GOM It was a reader, Mario Filippi, who set me on this path. He posted a comment that said, in part: "An interesting place to DX would be the segment between 1500 – 1590 kc's where there are a number of news stations, one being federal news on 1500." Huh, I thought, federal news? I wonder if I can hear that. So I hooked up the MFJ 1886 Receive Loop Antenna to my Grundig Satellit 800 receiver and tuned to 1500. With the 800's whip antenna, I heard mostly static; switching to the 50-foot indoor room loop, pretty much the same; same thing with the 1886 with the amplifier turned off. But turn the 1886's amplifier on, and it was like getting slammed against the wall by the schoolyard bully: LISTEN TO ME! A big, fat, S9 signal, sounding like WGY 810 just a few miles from me. Wow, I thought, this loop can really pull out a signal. A little research revealed, as nearly as I can tell, that Federal News 1500 is in Washington, DC, over 300 miles from me. Over the next few days I would occasionally check on Federal News 1500 using the 1886 loop, and typically it was loud and clear here in Troy, NY. Hidden behind a curtain, the 3-foot aluminum loop of the MFJ 1886 works well for MW DXing. Early this morning, Jan. 28, 2023, a thought crept into my brain: how many big, fat, MW signals could I detect with the combo of the Satellite 800 and the MFJ 1886 loop antenna? (Bear in mind that my 1886 rests flat against a window and is NOT rotatable in its current configuration.) Here's the log, with station IDs when I could get them. Time Frequency Station 1100Z 1520 WWKB Buffalo 1102Z 1530 Milwaukee? Sports, Australian open 1106Z 1540 CHIN Toronto, old time radio programs 1112Z 1560 religious music 1115Z 1660 orchestral music, Strauss waltzes 1118Z 540 middle eastern music 1121Z 660 WFAN, NYC 1124Z 700 WLW, Cincinnati 1127Z 710 WOR, the Voice of New York 1129Z 730 French language, Canada mentioned 1132Z 750 WSB, Atlanta 1134Z 770 WABC, NYC 1135Z 790 ortho doctor show 1140Z 880 WCBS, NYC 1142Z 1010 WINS, NYC 1144Z 1020 Talk 1146Z 1030 WBZ, Boston 1148Z 1050 WEPN, ESPN radio, New York 1149Z 1060 KYW, Philadelphia, PA 1153Z 1090 WBAL, Baltimore 1154Z 1110 WBT Charlotte, NC Bottom line: it was immense fun, tuning around for "fat" MW stations in the early AM. Periodically I checked the other antennas as I traversed the band, but universally the MFJ 1886 was better at pulling them in. Fat station DX? You bet! Try it; you'll like it! This entry was posted in AM, Antennas, DX, Mediumwave, News and tagged AM Radio, Jock Elliott (KB2GOM), Mag Loop Antennas, Magnetic Loop Antennas, Mediumwave, MFJ-1886, MW DX on January 30, 2023 by Jock Elliott. Cuenca Cathedral Many thanks to SWLing Post contributor, Don Moore–noted author, traveler, and DXer–for the latest installment of his Photo Album guest post series: by Don Moore For me travel is all about seeing new places and having new experiences. When I retired in 2017 my plan was to spend the next fifteen years visiting new countries and new places in countries I already knew. Is that a viable goal? Three years ago while crossing the border from Ecuador to Colombia I shared a taxi with Dutch man who, like me, was traveling overland by bus with just a knapsack and a suitcase. And two weeks earlier he had celebrated his eightieth birthday. I don't remember his name but he's my hero. The pandemic put a pause on travel but I'm happy to be back on the road. I'm currently in Ecuador, the country where I've spent more time than anywhere except the United States and Honduras. After landing in Quito at the beginning of December I visited four provinces I hadn't been to before, including spending three nights at the bohemian beach town of Montañita where I had some good DX. I like seeing new places but there is also something to be said for returning to a familiar place that holds a special meaning. For me that place is where I am now – Cuenca, Ecuador. My ex-wife and I finished our Peace Corps service in 1984, flew home to get married, and then in January 1985 flew to Quito, Ecuador to begin a long journey that would take us overland all the way to Buenos Aires and back. On our way to Peru in late February we stopped for a few days in Cuenca and fell in love with the little city. We visited Cuenca again in July at the end of our travels. When we left I knew we would be back but I never could have imagined the circumstances that would lead to that next visit. In 1997 we returned with our seven-year-old daughter to adopt a six-year-old son. We spent almost three weeks in Cuenca doing all the required paperwork but we had no complaints as we enjoyed being there so much. I clearly remember sitting in a park one day and commenting that Cuenca would be a perfect place to retire in someday. I was only ten years ahead of my time. La Voz del Río Tarqui Cuenca was home to several shortwave broadcasters over the decades but La Voz del Río Tarqui was probably the best known to my generation of DXers. The station was founded in 1960 by Manuel Pulla but didn't begin its shortwave service on 3285 kHz until 1982. My loggings of the station run from July 1982 through 1997 but I believe they were on shortwave for a few more years after that. (Don't confuse La Voz del Río Tarqui with Radio Tarqui, a sometimes broadcaster from Quito on 4970 kHz.) La Voz del Río Tarqui in 1985. The facilities inside were no more impressive than the outside of the building was. La Voz del Río Tarqui takes its name from the famous Battle of the River Tarqui. After the new countries of South America gained their independence from Spain there was often disagreement over just where the boundaries were that they had inherited from Spanish rule. Ecuador was in a union with present-day Colombia and Venezuela until 1830 and during this time Peru claimed much of present-day southern Ecuador, including Cuenca and Guayaquil. In 1828 a large Peruvian army occupied Loja, to the south, and a few months later marched north to complete their conquest. In February 1829 General Antonio de Sucre, a hero of the war of independence, met the Peruvians on the banks of the Tarqui, twenty-five kilometers south of Cuenca. Both sides suffered heavy losses but Sucre's army routed the Peruvians. Cuenca, Guayaquil, and Loja remained a part of Ecuador. Continue reading → This entry was posted in Articles, Broadcasters, DX, International Broadcasting, Mediumwave, News, Nostalgia, Radio History, Radio Memories, Recordings, Shortwave Radio, Travel and tagged Don Moore, Don Moore's Photo Album, Ecuador, La Voz del Río Tarqui, Radio Popular Independiente on January 29, 2023 by Thomas. DRM Test Broadcast on 954 kHz from Transmitter in Czech Republic (DRM Consortium) DRM is now on air in the Czech Republic, on a medium wave channel that used to carry a powerful AM signal. It is broadcast on 954kHz (power reported as 3kW) from the ?eské Bud?jovice transmitter site, located in the South Bohemian region re-using the old AM antenna with a modulator connected to the existing 30 kW AM transmitter. The DRM transmission on 954kHz was even received in the country using a KiwiSDR. This is a trial of DRM within the Czech Republic and is scheduled to come to an end possibly in the second half of 2023. The content is supplied by Radiožurnal, a news and journalism station that broadcasts 24 hours a day covering events at home and abroad. The station also carries music in between the news segments. One of the listeners receiving the DRM signal in the country reported: "From my listening on the remote receivers, it seems to me that a few low-powered AM transmitters could cover the whole country". [Click here to read the original article…] This entry was posted in Digital Modes, DRM, News and tagged Digital Radio Mondiale, DRM on January 28, 2023 by Thomas. Many thanks to SWLing Post contributor and noted political cartoonist, Carlos Latuff, who shares his radio log art of a recent broadcast from the BBC World Service (Somali Language Service). Carlos' goal is to vividly illustrate the broadcaster's message in his own unique artistic style and is not a reflection of his own beliefs or those of the SWLing Post. His objective is for his artwork to add historical context and put a visual with the news, reporting, and broadcast content: Carlos notes: BBC shortwave broadcasting to Somalia. Morning bulletin news. Interview about Daesh's regional leader Bilal al-Sudani killed by US forces in Somalia. Listened in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Click here to view on YouTube. This entry was posted in Art, News, Shortwave Radio and tagged BBC World Service, Carlos Latuff, Recordings, Shortwave Radio, Somalia on January 27, 2023 by Thomas. Callling all agents Hi all shortwave community, Fastradioburst23 here letting you know about KSPY on WRMI from the Imaginary Stations crew. We can't give too much away but tune into 9395 kHz at 2300 hrs UTC on Sunday 29th January 2023 for further instructions. Remember if anyone asks, you didn't read it here. This entry was posted in News, Shortwave Radio, What's On Shortwave and tagged DJ Frederick Moe, Fastradioburst23, Imaginary Stations, Justin Patrick Moore, KSPY, Mellow, One Deck Pete, WRMI on January 27, 2023 by Fastradioburst23. Sangean WFR-39 review update Some of you know I've been working on a review of the Sangean WFR-39 WiFi/Internet radio. I've placed that review on hold as I've just learned that Sangean is working on updates to address a number of the issues I discovered while evaluating this unit over the past three months. Besides an overly sluggish CPU, there are distracting audio artifacts present in the audio amplification chain when in Internet radio mode. I'll plan to publish a full review once they have updated and tested the new WFR-39 firmware. I think Sangean is an excellent radio manufacturer so I'm happy they're addressing these issues in what would otherwise be a capable portable WiFi radio. This entry was posted in News, WiFi Radio and tagged Sangean WFR-39 on January 25, 2023 by Thomas.

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Hong Kong's government said it hoped for more talks with pro-democracy protesters following the first formal negotiations. But as China scholar Perry Link tells DW, no compromise on universal suffrage is expected. Hong Kong's government and student leaders met on October 21 for their first talks after three weeks of pro-democracy protests. But, as widely expected, there was no breakthrough in the negotiations, with Chief Secretary Carrie Lam reiterating the government's position that open nominations were not possible under Hong Kong law. "Hong Kong is not an independent country. It is only a special administrative region within China, and we need to work within the framework set by the National People's Congress," said Lam. The student leaders, in turn, urged the government to stop treating the decision of the central government on the semi-autonomous region's election rules as "unshakeable." Government negotiators said they hoped for further talks down the line, but student leaders have yet to decide whether or not to hold a second round. Many in Hong Kong are angry at Beijing's refusal to allow genuine universal suffrage in the city in 2017 and have staged protests occupying major traffic arteries of the semi-autonomous region. In a DW interview, China scholar Perry Link says that while minor progress may be made in future talks which allow both the protesters to save face and the authorities to buy time, there is simply no room for a compromise on the key issue of universal suffrage, as Beijing views the ongoing protests in Hong Kong as a genuine threat to its survival. DW: If the student leaders decide to continue negotiations, what do you expect to come out of future talks? Perry Link: I would expect a stalemate in the talks or, at most, some very minor progress or some promises from the government that postpone the substantive question to future talks. This kind of postponement could be face-saving for the student negotiators, who could say "at least we got something," and for the government it could buy time. How far do you think both sides are willing to compromise? Compromise on secondary, tactical issues is possible. By "secondary issues" I mean, for the students, compromises as large as agreeing to a temporary withdrawal from the streets and, for the government, compromises as large as whether to replace [Hong Kong Chief Executive] Mr. C.Y. Leung with some other Beijing-loyalist as chief administrator. But on the essential issue of whether Hong Kong people will be able to nominate their own candidates for chief administrator in the 2017 elections, I believe there is no room for compromise on either side. Beijing will not accept real democracy, while the students will not accept pretend democracy. The reason for the Chinese authorities to do so has little to do with Hong Kong itself, and everything to do with the example it would set for the rest of China, as this would show that democracy and Chinese culture do fit together well - despite what the government has been telling its people for many years - and if that idea were to spread in mainland China, the Communist Party's one-party rule would unravel. Beijing views the Hong Kong protests as a genuine threat to its survival. Some analysts and government insiders recently quoted by the New York Times argue that Beijing is directing broad strokes of the Hong Kong strategy. What is your view on this? There is no question at all that the broad strokes of the Hong Kong government policy are designed in Beijing, and indeed at the very top in Beijing. It would be naive in the extreme to assume otherwise. Hong Kong's embattled chief executive has said the city's pro-democracy movement is "out of hand" and being influenced by "external forces" from outside the city. What do you make of this? This language from C.Y. Leung is a good example of the "broad strokes of policy" that are sent from Beijing to Hong Kong. For decades, the rulers in Beijing have used these same points - that protesters "create turmoil" and are "backed by foreign forces" - in order to try to discredit anyone who presents organized objection to their rule. The pro-democracy demonstrators at Tiananmen Square - but also the Uighurs, the Tibetans, civil-rights lawyers, environmental activists, and many others - have all heard this language before. What role is Hong Kong's police force playing in the dispute? The Hong Kong police of course must obey the broad outlines of what Beijing dictates. That said, the ordinary police on the streets are Hong Kong people. It is natural that they have complex, mixed feelings about the protestors. What is, in your view, the most likely way out of the current crisis? In the short term, I think the government will continue its strategy of waiting out the protesters by pretending to talk seriously while continuing with its publicity campaign to discredit the protesters, and I think this strategy will work fairly well. I think it is likely that the government will try to find, or perhaps manufacture, some "incident" in which the protesters look bad, or to identify a particular "villain" among them, and then use that incident or that villain to distract attention from the main issue and to make themselves seem to be in the right. I make this guess because it is a common pattern that the leaders in Beijing have used elsewhere. In the long term, I do not think that "waiting out the opposition" will work for Beijing. I think Hong Kong people will get their democracy in the long term. China scholar Perry Link is Chancellorial Chair Professor for Innovative Teaching Comparative Literature & Foreign Languages in College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences at the University of California, Riverside, and Emeritus Professor of Asian Studies at Princeton University. Is the Hong Kong government losing patience? A court in Hong Kong has handed down guilty verdicts for the leaders of pro-democracy demonstrations in 2014. Their "Umbrella" movement peacefully shut down the city center for months in a battle with the government of the Chinese territory.

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Blockchain Art recently had a auction they are registering art on the blockchain and whenever art is bought, sold and even transferred from place to place it allows them to track every movement on the blockchain giving it authenticity of whoever buys the art down the road. Yiying Lu the creator of the famous whale being carried by birds was preset for the auction and selling one of her master pieces. Yiying Lu is a master creator and has also created the iconic King and Queen frase content is king and Engagement is queen as seen below. But the star of the show was a CryptoKitty that sold for $140,000 this is how a new generation is investing there crypto.

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CONSTANTIN TRINKS BRINGS A GREAT SENSE OF OCCASION TO WAGNER AND SCHUBERT Sarah Chang, violin, VSO/ Constantin Trinks: Music of Wagner, Bruch and Schubert, April 28, 2018. Young German maestro Constantin Trinks impressed greatly last year when he stepped in to conduct the VSO at short notice for Pietari Inkinen, and elicited a very strong response from the orchestra in Dvorak and Prokofiev (review). I am happy to say that the same level of artistry was confirmed in the current concert that featured Wagner and Schubert's challenging 'Great' C major Symphony, with violinist Sarah Chang contributing the Bruch concerto. Trinks seems to secure fine discipline and a transparent balance in whatever he conducts, but it his natural musical understanding and keen dramatic sense that make his performances special. The maestro's performance of the Schubert was undoubtedly the finest we have seen here for years. Sarah Chang aimed at some interesting extremes in the Bruch concerto though executional deficiencies let the interpretation down to a degree. Constantin Trinks' love of Wagner came across right at the beginning of the concert in the famous Prelude to Lohengrin. The high strings were so tenderly shaped at the opening, creating just the type of inward restraint to permit a real 'opening out' when the lower strings entered. A lovely engulfing flow was fully in place as we approached the defining cymbal-crash, winding down with the right type of quiet glow thereafter. Throughout, the violins made a real effort to find the right ethereal sheen and refinement, even if they could have gone further still. I also thought the winds might have been softer, especially at the opening. Trinks provided attentive and structurally cogent conducting in the Bruch Violin Concerto but Sarah Chang seemed to have some different ideas, not seeking out the work's usually serene and noble lyrical arch. In the opening movement, she entered very slowly and quietly, soon springing forth with varied surges of passion, making the journey more emotionally volatile. I accept this as an interesting approach, except that it was difficult to tell whether it was she or the work that was generating the unsettled quality. Her intonation was occasionally suspect and her thinness of tone and vagaries in execution did not help in make the proceedings ingratiating. The violinist climbed very slowly out of the mists again in the Adagio and, while her lyrical outreach could be quite beautiful, traces of sentimentality crept in later on. The conductor set a rhythmically powerful fabric for Chang to work with in the rollicking finale, and this drew the violinist to her best playing, more natural in line and more spontaneous in feeling, and finding fine thrust and surges of joy throughout. Chang has undoubtedly played this work so many times that she is searching for something new. But it would be difficult to say she fully realized it here. It is always a major challenge for a young conductor and orchestra to take on Schubert's long 9th symphony (even longer when all its repeats are taken, as here), yet Trinks' performance was the most distinguished we have seen for years. It maintained a direct line through the work, always managing to fuse its rhythmic strength and drama with its beguiling lyricism and rusticity. One of the pleasures of this performance was to hear the orchestra coaxed into a Gewandhaus-like sound, rich and burnished at the bottom end with the obligato contributions from the horns and trombones very conspicuous. It was also interesting to see the horns (on the left) set up closer to the conductor than the woodwinds. The flowing tempo for the opening horn theme was well-nigh perfect, and it was redeeming to hear the tender responses in the strings, particularly the cellos. The transition to the main Allegro was seamless, and the tightness of the ensuing rhythms ensured the appropriate bucolic vigour. The only thing that might have been more cleanly etched were the bubbling winds (slightly vague at points). Climaxes were typically put in place by a slight accelerando, but they always achieved the right adrenalin flow and sweep, then settling back to their rustic origins as they should. Time and again one noticed how the conductor separated the different orchestral choirs, often giving cutting emphasis to a middle string voice to push the line of the music forward with frisson. The first movement built supremely well, and I think it was a virtue that there was no slowing for the restatement of the main theme at the end. The jaunty tread of the Andante was put in place with rhythmic certitude, but Trinks was sensitive to the moments of tender lyrical flowering too, consistently finding emotional resonance and eloquence in the string lines. This was particularly noticeable in the heavenly expression after the central climax, which had a very natural glow and ardour, with details falling perfectly into place. The rustic nature of the Scherzo was highlighted, taken at a fairly quick pace but with fine rhythmic push and an appropriate plasticity in the string line – and with perhaps a hint of Bruckner hovering over it all. The finale moved home splendidly, with plenty of telling rustic detail, sprung rhythms and a true grip and majesty at the end, giving an enviable sense of cohesion to a work that can easily become sprawling in lesser hands. Overall, Trinks' control of the varying intensities needed in this long work was very much a tour-de-force, and discounting a few technical vagaries in the winds and horns, the orchestra did itself proud. The conductor's tensile strength and sense of integrated motion actually reminded me of an estimable performance of the past that now receives less attention than it might – namely, that by Otmar Suitner. I would very much welcome visits from this maestro on a recurring basis. He seems to challenge the orchestra to do things that they might not otherwise attempt, and gets absolutely inspired results. © Geoffrey Newman 2018 THE CONCERT EXPERIENCE

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Like to play racing game partners, many people should know that "extreme racing horizon 3", cool skills, extended maps, new games are waiting for you to challenge, the following to share some of the novice skills and Notice to everyone. 1, if you hold the kind of sense of manipulation, you can bypass, because this game is more difficult to control more than fly. 2, as far as possible with the recommended equipment, willing to screen almost, should be selected in the film options 60FPS, 30FPS although stable, but play a significant sense of delay. 4, online games, running the first is not the most important, the score is the most important, the score is by bending, drift and other technical scores superimposed, but you hit the wall, stacking multiple will not, so the online model racing class Do not hit the wall, do not crash in the case of the first two as possible to complete the game. The game supports a variety of keyboard, handle and steering wheel manipulation. Each control can be customized key settings, where the keyboard can be customized file has been allocated, can be directly modified on its basis. Steering wheel operation comes with several mainstream steering wheel controller profiles, such as Logitech's G29, G920, Fanatec's CSR, CSV2, Thrustmaster's TMX V1, RGT, etc. are included. The gray in the map interface is expressed as a road that has not been entered, and white or red is indicated as a street that has been found. The color and type of the different lines indicate the difference in the type of road. Just enter the game when you can customize the role of image and call, where the nickname can be selected into Chinese, but the voice is still in English, have to say that some of the translation of the ground gas. Here you choose the picture is not just a photo only, each character has an independent model, although you can not get off to carefully view, but in the transition CG or driving when switching perspective can still see the general form. Just arrived in Australia [Horizon] there is a race, but a separate contest, the assistant has also been arranged for the players of the vehicle, driving off-road vehicles to complete the show can be. The games include: show events, street racing, midnight battles, improvisation. The first three events must reach the designated location in order to initiate the event, improvisation war that can be on the road with ID, with the driving vehicle AI challenge to complete a separate racing. Show the game can customize the rules of the game, the location speed, set the number of laps, race conditions, vehicle type, create a unique blueprint, but also can view other players make the game blueprint and direct use. In addition, street racing and midnight warfare need to meet specific conditions to join the game. If you are lucky enough to meet the conditions, you can buy the Cheap Forza Horizon 3 Credits at https://www.onlinegameshop.com/ to get your hardware strength and get better rankings and rewards in the game. Players hold carnival in Australia, need enough drivers to participate in order to achieve better event results. Which recruited the driver is an indispensable one. Through the guidance of the assistant, you can learn that a driver on the map of the active area, the use of navigation to the future, find the ID with a special mark on the driver, complete a separate racing, after winning the recruitment can participate in the carnival. Officials say that the ID encountered in the game is real and based on the ID player's driving habits generated. Carnival scale needs to be expanded, which requires more fans to harvest. To get the fans can participate in the competition and public special games, and these events will be the first time the venue assistant to inform the player. Players have to do is to go after the creation of the game, and as much as possible to get the number of fans. Each opening of a carnival location can be signed in the radio station two radio stations, each station style has its own characteristics, even in the late there will be playing skills to add the skills of the radio station. In the garage of the carnival, you can set up the [upgrade], [adjust], [license] and other aspects of the vehicle. Upgrades can be customized to upgrade the engine, hub and other components, you can also automatically upgrade to allow engineers to directly install the most high-performance components, or browse other players to share the settings. The setting of the adjustment is relatively professional, including the tires of the tire pressure, gear ratio, four wheel positioning, suspension, brake, under pressure and differential settings, if not a professional player, this part of the general need Changes can also be shared by using other players. When you view the vehicle in the auto show, you can also change the location directly after switching to a specific location. Of course, there are many other new skills in the game for everyone to introduce, hope that small partners can always pay attention. This entry was posted in Forza Horizon 3 on February 28, 2017 by systemer.

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J2 Managed Security Services J2 Security Policy Review J2 Maintenance and Support Fibre Internet Connectivity J2 Hardware & Infrastructure Sales Dtex - User Behavioural Analytics ActivTrak – User Productivity Monitoring J2 Online Backup Managed Encryption Zscaler Internet Security J2 Hosted Exchange WhiteCanyon Weekly CSC Blog Stop security gaps as they occur South African organisations are increasingly looking to protect themselves against the insider threat, says John Mc Loughlin, MD of J2 Software. This is as the result of more stringent compliance and regulatory requirements, as well as the higher profile of insider breaches. "SystemSkan's unique technology has become renowned worldwide for its ability to identify insider threats immediately with total end-user visibility so the gaps in security can be closed as they occur. It is always better to stop the threat than to read about the data leak in the news, and we have seen substantially increased demand from local companies for the solution," he says. According to Mc Loughlin, SystemSkan has highlighted security holes and issues within every company where the solution was installed. In each case, the businesses were unaware of these risks. "When working with customers on their internal risk assessments, we have seen many issues which they were completely unaware of. We discovered these problem areas because of the visibility provided by SystemSkan to actual end user behaviour. In most cases the users are totally unaware that their behaviour is a problem, and often they have opened the business to risk by bypassing security measures to make things easier for themselves." He adds that while in many instances these risks were the result of "privileged super users", who have greater access to company data and the authority to make changes to the company's systems, average users were also responsible for vulnerabilities. "Time and again, we see that the vast majority employees have no ill intent, but their behaviour exposes the company to data leaks and creates holes through which cyber criminals can access the network." For example, pirated music, movies and software are found on every single company network, and almost all businesses use unprotected, public file sharing services. These create vulnerabilities ranging from imported malware to data breaches. "Even with written policies, users are still found downloading and sharing illegal movies, music and TV shows in 100% of the organisations we have worked with. 86% had users accessing and downloading illicit material, pornography and similar website activity," Mc Loughlin says. In addition, 98% of organisations were identified as having inconsistent anti-virus coverage. "Almost all the organisations we worked with had machines where critical perimeter security measures were not rolled out to all machines. This is even though these organisations had spent vast amounts of money on systems to have these rolled out across the enterprise. There is an apparent gap in most entities that can quickly be fixed with SystemSkan to bring them back to the correct compliance levels." SystemSkan also highlighted major leaks and data breaches that were the result of public file sharing services such as Dropbox and Box.com. Mc Loughlin says that in addition to sensitive company data being placed in the public domain as a result, several organisations had users putting financial and personally identifiable data in unprotected and open public sharing services. "Every company out there has attempted to reduce unauthorised or malicious access to the network, often through a company-wide lock down on resources. However, security systems offer too little contextual information when a breach occurs, or they produce too many false positives. SystemSkan's successes around the world are testament to the fact that the key to mitigating the insider threat is to be able to deter¬mine the context and the intent of an individual. Apart from having policies and processes in place, a system which consistently monitors user behaviour is an essential foundation to any security solution," Mc Loughlin concludes. Science Tech Cyber & Phone Hacking Security Breaches J2 Software Published in Hi-Tech Security Solutions More complex and challenging J2 launches Home Secure New defence approaches required Tweets by J2SoftwareSA Copyright © 2019 J2 Software Log a Support Call

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December/ Wish Upon A Southern Star – a review Wish Upon a Southern Star, edited by Shelley Chappell Reviewed by Lee Murray "Stories change, but fairy tales never go out of fashion. Like a basic item of clothing, they may be reshaped, trimmed, decorated with frills or remodelled altogether," writes editor Shelley Chappell in the introduction to Wish Upon a Southern Star, a stunning new collection of fairy tales, freshly re-imagined by new and established writers from Australian and New Zealand. Chappell says, "the authors in this collection have run the traditional tales through the mill and come out with new cloth." Indeed, some are barely recognisable, like Philippa Werry's evocative and beautifully-crafted Snow from the South, a contemporary version of the Snow Queen, appropriately set in Antarctica at a time when 'melt pools were forming in the sea ice". New Zealand might have guardianship of only a small part of the frozen land, yet Kiwi readers will find a familiarity in this haunting retelling of the classic tale. Other authors have delved deeper into the characters, revealing the cursed backstories which shape futures and lead characters to emerge as the hero (or the villain depending on the one's perspective). Simon Fogarty's Belletower, a dark rendering of Rapunzel, is one such tale, a sweeping saga of multiple characters and hidden motivations, cleverly retold in the short form. Hillary Barrett's Signor Frizzio – A Hairy Fairy Story, a corporate rebranding of Rapunzel, is, by contrast, a hilarious send up with a wonderful OTT voice that you will want to read aloud; much like Hannah Davison's Snapunzel, another satirical account where the story arc is charmingly revealed via changing relationship statuses on Facebook. Australian Goldie Alexander's Jacqui and the GM Beanstalk too is a quasi-spoof, albeit with a serious moral about the dangers of gambling. Nevertheless, the general light-heartedness of these versions remind us that the primary purpose of fairy tales is to engage and entertain. Angela Oliver's Kissa Whitepaw is a delightful version of a less well known fairy tale from Iceland, Kisa the Cat, this time told not from the princess' perspective, but from the kitten's, making it perfect bedtime reading younger readers. One of my favourite stories in Wish Upon a Star is Stacey Campbell's exquisite Hine-te-iwaiwa and Rumpelstiltskin in which the author seamlessly blends two traditional storytelling styles, also incorporating te reo to create an exceptional story unlikely to be found in any other collection. A standout. Along with its 21 wonderfully different stories, Wish Upon a Southern Star also offers readers a poem, a recipe, and suggestions for further reading: a list of fantasy stories based on fairy tales, including titles by SpecFicNZ members Juliet Marillier and Helen Lowe. A truly stellar collection, familiar and yet full of surprises. Blurb: The Southern Cross shines high above a fairy tale wood. Come step inside. Drink dew from the leaves with tiny Tommelise. Eat egg sandwiches with a toothy young troll. Escape with Rapunzel. Trick Rumpelstiltskin. Shiver in the snow. Climb the beanstalk. Pray to the Piper. Be a cat. In and out of the wood, whether in this world or another, these stories will take you to new places. Explore how far you can go in this anthology of twenty-one fairy tale retellings by New Zealand and Australian authors. Featuring retold fairy tales by Mahoney Adair, Goldie Alexander, Hilary Barrett, Stacey Campbell, Shelley Chappell, Hannah Davison, Graham Davidson, Simon Fogarty, Maria Hansen, S.M. Harris, K.S. Liggett, Sara Litchfield, John Lowe, Virginia Lowe, Megan Norris, Angela Oliver, Kate O'Neil, J.L. O'Rourke, Leigh Roswen, Philippa Werry, and Tony Wilson. The City Builders, by Sean Monaghan Rotovegas – a review

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As coding more and more, git becomes a must-use tool to save the codes and control versions. This is only a memo for myself to help with my daily work. If it's also helpful to you, I'd be very happy. If you lack of basic knowledge about git, I would recommend you a helpful tutorial Pro Git, translated and editted by the author of theme Next. Git is a local version control tool to help users, whether the user is a programmer of a writer, to manage the contents and changes in text files. If you would like to have a backup remotely, you could use Github to save your work on the remote repo. If you use Ubuntu, apt-get could be used to install git. to add all changed files to the track. If some specific type of files are not needed to track all the time, they can be added to the .gitignore file. Just create a file named .gitignore and then add the file types or names not necessary to track as the following. Then git will automatically ignore the files listed in the .gitignore file. to combine add and commit into one sentence. Pay attention, git commit -am only commit the files already in the track, and ignore the files which have never been added into the track. The files then are all downloaded in the file. Just use git clone, and git will create a new folder to hold the clone files for you. --branch <branch> can specify the branch you want. if no branch is specified, the default branch would be master. <directory name> can specify the place you want to put the repo. if no directory name is specified, the name of the repo would be used as the folder's name. After do some changes, commit and push to the remote repository. The files in the Github is up-to-date. Always pay attention to the branch you currently work on. All the local branches would be shown, and one * is in front of the name of current branch. You can use checkout to create or switch between the branches. git checkout to the target branch <branch name 1> and merge contents on <branch name 2> into it. Never reset/rebase actions which have been made in public branches. Once you understand what rebasing is, the most important thing to learn is when not to do it. Below is the summary. Detail article can be found in Atlassian Git Tutorial. You can find detailed explanation here. If you would prefer a clean, linear history free of unnecessary merge commits, you should reach for git rebaseinstead of git merge when integrating changes from another branch.

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New Publication: International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems at Dr. Ronny L. Bull, Ph.D. This entry is filed under Clarkson, Computer Science, PhD, Research, Security, Virtualization . You can follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0 . You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

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Are you a recent graduate looking for your first role or an experienced graduate looking for your next career step? Do you want the opportuntity to work with some of the largest FMCG businesses in the UK? Are you looking for a career that offers challenge in a stimulating, dynamic & rewarding environment where you have the freedom to think and work outside the box? Paul Nyman Consultancy has been supporting global and local clients in the FMCG market for the last 15 years across the UK and Europe. You will be joining a programme that will expose you to all areas of the business allowing you to autonomously lead projects, support and drive a business unit whilst developing your people management, business development, negotiating technique and leadership skills. Following an initial intensive training program, you will generate your success by building on relationships with customers where you will be responsible for implementing business solutions and strategies to enable the development of a customer's objectives. You will be given real autonomy while being supported by a close-knit team of people to call upon whenever needed. Due to its challenging nature, this role requires an adaptable individual who is primed for new and varied situations. The role involves high levels of professional interaction integral to the operation of the business, an ability to ensure that our customers experience the standard they have come to expect is essential. Should you have the ability to prioritise and manage your time effectively, be motivated and are excited by the opportunity to pilot your own career, then this could be the ideal opportunity for you.

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Do you need to sell your home fast? Let 24/7 Home Buyers make you a fast and fair cash offer! At 24/7 Homebuyers we know there are many reasons why people need to sell their home quickly. Whether it's a divorce, foreclosure, job relocation, inherited unwanted property or probate, burdensome tenants, the list goes on…we can help! We buy houses in any condition! Don't worry if your house isn't perfect. We can pay cash and close within 7-10 days! We have the funds to get you paid fast. We buy properties As-Is. Nothing for you to prep. Let us do all the work. We pay the closing costs! Let us carry that burden. We get rid of any unwanted items, so you can just take what you want! Don't want to hire a moving company or make dump runs? We do that. Why put your house on the market and wait for a buyer, wait for an approved loan, wait in escrow, pay Realtor commissions, pay for mandatory repairs, pay to dump unwanted items, and pay closing costs? That's a lot of waiting and paying. WAIT WAIT PAY PAY. You don't want that. Let 24/7 Home Buyers do all the heavy lifting! We don't care how old, dirty, or damaged your house is. We don't even care if it is uninhabitable. If you have a house that you need to sell, we will make you a cash offer. Sound too good to be true? Well, it's very true. It's done every day, in every state, and it's much easier than you think.

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This Antique design Lever Handle 754 is inspired by a timeless design and will add a touch of elegance to both interior and exterior doors. This product is perfect for period or modern properties. A stippling method and slightly glossy finish have been applied to create this Antique style effect. This highly decorative handle is available in Antique Black, Pewter and Argent.

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UK tech leaders recognised in New Year Honours List 2023 – UKTN (UK Technology News Industry leaders have been recognised for their contributions to UK tech in the New Year Honours List for 2023, with representatives from Birmingham Tech, Tech Nation and Fintech Scotland rewarded for their public service. Among those recognised is Yiannis Maos, the founder and CEO of Birmingham Tech, which champions the West Midland's tech scene. Maos will receive an MBE for services to the technology sector. "It's a great way to start the new year and I'm truly humbled to have received this award. The tech sector across the West Midlands is so exciting right now with lots of incredible people, innovative businesses and a thriving community. It's great to be recognised alongside some amazing people who work in the UK tech sector," Maos told UKTN. Tech Nation's client engagement director, Elizabeth Scott is also to receive an MBE for services to the technology sector. Stephen Ingledew, founder and chief executive of Fintech Scotland will receive an OBE for services within the Financial Technology Sector. "Humbled and proud to be recognised in 2023 NY Honours with an OBE award. Quite a journey from my Reading roots," said Ingledew. "I've really appreciated all the kind words over the last day or so, they mean a great deal to me. There are so many inspiring people to thank for their wise advice and valuable encouragement over my 60 years, far too many to mention in this post but I hope to see many of you in 2023." Carolyn Dawson, the CEO of Founders Forum – the organiser of London Tech Week – is to receive an award OBE for her services to technology and digital media. Dawson told UKTN: "The London Tech Week vision has always been to create an inclusive platform that celebrates and furthers UK tech whilst driving real change. I'm thrilled we are achieving this and look forward to growing our reach and expanding our impact in the year ahead." Other members of the UK tech sector on the New Year Honours List 2023 include:

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«Мігрант» (оригінальна назва — , також відомий як «Мігрант, або Brevi finietur» ()) — роман українських письменників Марини та Сергія Дяченків; виданий 2010 року видавництвом «Ексмо». Це третя книга умовного циклу «Метаморфози». {| align="center" border =0% |+ |----- | Опис книги Андрій Строганов раптом опиняється на іншій планеті. Він мігрував з Землі. Два останні роки його життя вилучено як сплату за візу, тому Андрій не пам'ятає, чому вирішив поїхати. Що сталось на Землі, і чи є вороття? Тим часом на затишний світ Раа, в який потрапив Андрій, наповзає тінь... Роман "Мігрант" продовжує цикл "Метаморфози", але при цьому є самостійним твором. Нагороди 2010 — премія «Підсумки року» від журналу «Мир фантастики», номінація Книжка року (перемога) 2011 — премія «Інтерпрескон», номінація Велика форма (роман) (перемога) 2010 — премія «Підсумки року» від журналу «Мир фантастики», номінація Наукова фантастика (номінація) 2010 — премія «Підсумки року» від журналу «Мир фантастики», номінація Вітчизнянна фантастика (номінація) 2010 — книжка року за версією Фантлабу, нагорода «Найкращий роман (авторський збірник) вітчизняного автора» (номінація) 2010 — премія «Мармуровий фавн», нагорода Роман (номінація) 2011 — фестиваль фантастики «Сузір'я Аю-Даг», премія «Велика ведмедиця» (номінація) 2011 — конференція «РосКон», приз «Роман» (номінація) Видання 2010 рік — видавництво «Ексмо». 2011 рік — видавництво «Фоліо» (разом із повістю «Електрик» й оповіданням «Самум»). 2011 рік — видавництво «Ексмо» (видання усіх романів циклу «Метаморфози»). Український переклад Українською мовою був перекладений і опублікований 2011 року видавництвом «Фоліо». Примітки Посилання Марина і Сергій Дяченки. Мігрант (електронна версія) на сайті «Либрусек». — Процитовано 2 січня 2013 Твори Марини та Сергія Дяченків Науково-фантастичні романи України Російськомовні романи Романи, перекладені українською мовою Науково-фантастичні романи 2010 Незавершені статті про книги

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Tuna brie wontons are slightly sweet and savory at the same time. The brie and tuna came together very well. It's hard to believe I was actually eating a tuna wonton. 1.In a bowl, add in drained tuna, salt, sugar and minced scallion. Stir to mix well. 3.Put a small amount of brie and tuna mixture in each wonton and seal.

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Mindfulness : What is it? "The most significant insight I gained from the class is that mindfulness has the power to impact happiness." Looking for birth and parenting education that prepares you for more than just the day you give birth? Mindfulness skills are for life. Having a baby is often one of the most transformative experiences in a person's life. No matter how they go, pregnancy and birth are intense both physically and emotionally, preparing us for the journey of parenting. The practice of mindfulness - that is: the awareness that comes from learning to pay attention, in the present moment, on purpose and non-judgmentally, can help support us during important life transitions, and can serve us as we navigate our day-to-day, moment-to-moment, life as parents, and as people. When our attention is focused on the present moment, we are, by default, less focused on rehashing the past, or fantasizing about the future. People who practice mindfulness find they have a decrease in stress level, higher coping capabilities, and less emotional reactivity. With mindfulness practice, people often find they experience more space, ease, and equanimity in their lives. This is not because they are avoiding the reality of life, though. Quite the contrary. Mindfulness practice is about being with whatever arises in life in the moment. Often, what arises is challenging, frustrating, upsetting, scary, complex, stressful. But the practice of moving in towards one's experience, rather than away from it in the mind/body, allows us to more fully experience whatever the moment brings. This being more fully in our own lives, is the practice. And it seems the benefits of being more fully in our experience, is what allows space for greater presence, ease, and peace. Riding the waves of life with less tension, less fear. Perhaps, lately, you have been seeing the word "Mindfulness" all over the media, or have met people practicing, or yourself have a mindfulness meditation practice. Mindfulness-based programs are currently found in hospitals, clinics, and schools (from elementary to graduate) all over the world. Many examples of the therapeutic impact of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are found in peer-reviewed medical, mental health and educational journals. Mindfulness Based Childbirth & Parenting (MBCP) is one of those MBIs, and was founded by midwife and mindfulness teacher Nancy Bardacke in 1998. MBCP is an evidence-based adaptation of the well-researched Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program (MBSR) created by Jon Kabat-Zinn, Ph.D. in 1979 at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. One of our favorite introductions to what mindfulness is, and how it can impact your life, is this episode of 60 Minutes with Jon Kabat Zinn and Anderson Cooper. In addition, the Well Section of the New York Times has an excellent introduction to mindfulness, as well as an article specifically on Nancy Bardacke and MBCP on the benefits of a mindful pregnancy. The New York Times also has a weekly column on mindfulness practice including this one on how to be mindful while holding a baby. More information about the history of MBCP, the current research, and Nancy Bardacke can be found at www.mindfulbirthing.org. You can also check out Nancy's award-winning book, Mindful Birthing: Training the Mind, Body, and Heart for Childbirth and Beyond, or watch this video of Nancy talking about MBCP in 2014. The thing is, reading about mindfulness is one thing, but developing a mindfulness practice is only where one can reap its benefits. The foundation of our childbirth class is, thus, mindfulness meditation, which we believe gives us invaluable tools to navigate our lives during birth and parenting.

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Ted Rupe Ted Rupe 2003 Ted Rupe (2003) About Ted Rupe Ted Rupe won the State Cross Country Meet and led his team to the State Championship Title in 1972. He qualified for the U.S. International Cross Country Team three times. Ted has won titles in many road races including the Cleveland Revco Marathon. As a coach Ted Rupe has coached at Maplewood High School for fifteen years, qualifying his cross country teams to the state meet thirteen times. His Maplewood teams captured the State Cross Country Meet Titles in 1997 and 2002. They were also Co-Champions in 2000 Ted earned the Fred Dafler Career Coach of the Year. Ted Rupe is a well respected cross country meet manager, road race organizer, and cross country camp director.

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To claim this profile, please confirm you are Delaney Nolan. To follow this profile, please let us know your relationship to Delaney Nolan. Varsity softball @ Bishop McNamara. RESULTLoss Varsity softball vs. Streamwood. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Saturday's neutral tournament game against Streamwood (IL) by a score of 24-0. RESULTLoss Varsity softball @ Rosary. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Tuesday's away conference game against Rosary (Aurora, IL) by a score of 6-3. RESULTWin Varsity softball vs. Latin. The St. Edward varsity softball team won Saturday's neutral tournament game against Latin (Chicago, IL) by a score of 17-2. RESULTLoss Varsity softball vs. DePaul College Prep. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Saturday's neutral tournament game against DePaul College Prep (Chicago, IL) by a score of 20-5. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Saturday's neutral tournament game against Farmington (IL) by a score of 22-1. Delaney's softball stats have been updated for the loss @ St. Francis. RESULTLoss Varsity softball @ St. Francis. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Thursday's away conference game against St. Francis (Wheaton, IL) by a score of 16-1. Delaney's softball stats have been updated for the loss vs. Guerin. RESULTLoss Varsity softball vs. Guerin. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Monday's home conference game against Guerin (River Grove, IL) by a score of 17-1. Delaney's softball stats have been updated for the loss @ IC Catholic Prep. RESULTLoss Varsity softball @ IC Catholic Prep. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Saturday's away non-conference game against IC Catholic Prep (Elmhurst, IL) by a score of 14-0. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Saturday's away non-conference game against IC Catholic Prep (Elmhurst, IL) by a score of 9-0. Varsity softball @ Elmwood Park. Delaney's softball stats have been updated for the loss @ Woodstock. RESULTLoss Varsity softball @ Woodstock. The St. Edward varsity softball team lost Wednesday's away non-conference game against Woodstock (IL) by a score of 11-1. Delaney has been added to the St. Edward softball roster.

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Home Health Asian and African people are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes... Asian and African people are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than Europeans People of South Asian, African or African Caribbean descent living in UK are significantly more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than their European counterparts, British researchers have warned. Half had developed the disease by the age of 80 in a study of 4,200 people living in London – approximately twice the figure for Europeans. The researchers said the rates were "astonishingly high". The findings were published in the journal Diabetes Care. People of South Asian, African or African Caribbean descent living in UK are significantly more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than their European counterparts Losing control of blood sugar levels increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness and amputations. Type 2 diabetes is often linked to lifestyle and diet. Some ethnic groups are already known to have a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes. However, one of the researchers at Imperial College London, Dr. Therese Tillin, said it may be down to them simply getting the disease earlier in their lives and the figures would even out over time. But the study showed: "The rates don't slow down as you get older. The astonishing difference continues," Dr. Therese Tillin said. She warned this could be a sign of things to come with the potential for soaring levels of diabetes around the world as more people lived in cities and enjoyed a calorie-rich diet. The scientists involved said that fat, particularly around the waist, could explain some, but not all of the difference, between the ethnicities. Fellow researcher, Dr. Nish Chaturvedi, said genetics could not explain the difference either as there were similar levels of "risky genes" across all groups. She said: "There is something else that puts them at higher risk and we're not sure what that is." Dr. Mike Knapton, from the British Heart Foundation and a GP, said: "Awareness is really low considering the magnitude of the problem, even I'm surprised by the figures." He also warned that failing to deal with diabetes would have huge financial consequences for the NHS. The director of research at Diabetes UK, Dr. Iain Frame, said it was "even more important" for people at high risk to manage their weight. He said: "People from these communities should be screened earlier than the general population – from the age of 25 rather than 40. "People need to know their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and get diagnosed as early as possible. We know that people from South Asian backgrounds can often be living with the condition for around 10 years before they are diagnosed, which increases the risk of complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness and amputation." asian descent blood sugar levels caribbean descent Antarctic bivalves switch sex, scientists discover Shakil Afridi, Osama Bin Laden raid doctor, speaks out for the first time since his arrest Justin Bieber admits he is still devastated about his breakup with Selena Gomez Justin Bieber tweeted a message along with his newly released song Heartbreaker, admitting he's still going through a hard time …Read More » Chanel Taper has the longest tongue. Guinness World Records 2012. The Dog With The Longest Ears On The Planet. One Ton Crocodile Captured In Philippines. Largest Crocodile In The …Read More » Kanye West jumps into lake during Armenia concert Kanye West was mobbed by dozens of fans after jumping into Swan Lake during a concert in Armenia. Kim Kardashian's …Read More » Whitney Houston and Bobbi Kristina shared the same drug dealer, claims a shocking report Whitney Houston and her daughter Bobbi Kristina shared the same drug dealer, claims a new shocking report. According to The …Read More » Justin Bieber Cancels All Remaining Purpose Tour Dates Justin Bieber has decided to cancel the rest of his Purpose World Tour because of "unforeseen circumstances", his publicist has …Read More » Bill Cosby Retrial: Comedian Found Guilty of Assault Bill Cosby has been found guilty of three counts of assault, each of which carries a potential 10 years in …Read More » Kris Humphries fails to show up at divorce hearing in Los Angeles Kris Humphries failed to show up today for a pretrial divorce hearing in Los Angeles, according to TMZ. The court date in …Read More » Kris Jenner lifts up dress and shows her legs during photoshoot Kris Jenner was snapped having her legs touched up with what appeared to be spray tan while on a photoshoot …Read More » Kris Jenner presents cooking book and talks Bruce Jenner's dating life In a recent interview, Kris Jenner said she just wants her soon-to-be ex-husband Bruce Jenner to be happy, regardless of …Read More » Quvenzhané Wallis: Youngest ever Oscar nominee acts up at the 85th Academy Awards Nominations Luncheon Quvenzhané Wallis is the youngest person in history to be nominated for a Best Actress Oscar, and at just 9 …Read More »

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The Asheville location will begin seeing physical therapy patients July 1, 2013. Equipment is being delivered and things are looking great inside and out. The location is 226 Charlotte Hwy (74-A) and sits right on main road in the Reynolds Community. The clinic is just 1.8 miles from I-40 / 240 and 1.3 miles from the Blue Ridge Parkway. Stop by and see us July 1st.

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High School Cycling continues to explode! Adds 4 more states October 1st, 2019 12:00am NICA Expands to 31 Leagues Welcoming Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska, and Ohio Four New NICA Leagues bring Youth Mountain Biking to the Midwest These are my favorite types of press releases. Everytime I see a NICA email come in I am impressed and psyched that mountain biking is truly alive and well and that kids will find the joy that two wheels offer. A sport that has no gender bounds, body types or club teams trying to suck the money out of the athletes families. Sure you need a bike, but never in my history of sport have I seen more giving people than the bike community. If you want to ride, the community will find a way for you to ride - all you have to do is ask for help. But I am digressing. Here is the official announcement that 4 more states have joined the movement bringing the total to an impressive 31 States nation wide. If you want to get involved with this movement you can find Emily's number and email below or if you want to make a DONATION to any of the programs you can do that too at the links near the bottom of the page. What a great legacy you could leave behind. NOW LETS ROLL! Contact: Emily McDonald | [email protected] | 510.524.5464 BERKELEY, Calif. The National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA) is excited to announce Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska, and Ohio as the four newest states to join its network of interscholastic cycling leagues. The addition of these four leagues brings the total number of NICA Leagues nationwide to 31. "We are thrilled to welcome Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska, and Ohio to the NICA community!" said Steve Matous, NICA President. These new leagues bring with them extensive youth development leadership, experience and cycling talent that will enable them to build strong and successful NICA programs in their states. Geographically, the addition of these states brings a strong NICA presence to the midwest. NICA's team is ready and excited to train and support these new leagues as they prepare for their inaugural seasons. We look forward to seeing new communities in these regions establish NICA teams. With the addition of Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska and Ohio, NICA now has the capacity and infrastructure to serve nearly 80% of our country's population, which puts us well on our way towards fulfilling our mission of providing every youth the opportunity to build strong mind, body, and character through interscholastic cycling." Nebraska is scheduled to begin NICA race programs in Fall 2020, with Kansas scheduled for Spring 2021 and Kentucky and Ohio for Fall 2021. Nebraska student-athlete Maizy Seng of Millard West club team. Photo Credit: Joseph Brinkman Nebraska League Director, Ryan Feagan, said "I am honored to bring an already energized cycling community into the next phase of organization. Our NICA league will provide more opportunities for young cyclists to grow not just competitively, but also through NICA's Teen Trail Corps, Adventure, and GRiT, programs that foster inclusivity. I look forward to seeing what 2020 holds for the Nebraska Interscholastic Cycling League!" Student-athletes from Emporia, Kansas. Photo: Kansas Interscholastic Cycling League "A lot of people say that they wish they had something like this when they were in high school because of how inclusive and fun cycling is," shares Tina Khan, Kansas League Director. "What we're able to do is bring Kansas youth, of all abilities, experiences, and backgrounds into the same space to create a truly unique experience. I'm honored to be involved with the Kansas League and look forward to building up our youth cycling community across the state!" Kentucky student-athletes attend and race at a Tennessee NICA League race in Fall 2018. Photo: Kentucky Interscholastic Cycling Association Steve Beckett, Kentucky League Director, said "I am truly excited and honored to be a part of launching the new Kentucky NICA League across this wonderful Bluegrass state. We are fortunate to bring the community spirit that only mountain biking can provide across our region. Our motto is confidence, fitness, skills and FUN! They are all interconnected in this sport. We are stoked to have the opportunity to provide such a great experience to all Kentuckians - Giddy Up!" The Athens County Cougarbats, Ohio's first composite NICA team attending a West Virginia NICA League Race. Photo: Ohio Interscholastic Cycling League "I am beyond excited to partner with NICA and provide the opportunity for high school and middle school students to experience mountain biking," said Jen Malik, Ohio League Director. "Our state is perfect for all types of riders and the community support is phenomenal. NICA's core principles of inclusivity, equality, strong body, strong mind, and strong character make this more than just a race league. I cannot wait to see our trails filled with more kids enjoying mountain biking." If you would like to contribute to NICA's efforts to launch these new leagues and grow youth cycling in America, please visit one of the following links: ▪ Kansas ▪ Kentucky ▪ Nebraska ▪ Ohio The NICA National community now includes 31 leagues, with programs in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Northern California, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Southern California, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. US-map-31-leagues NICA supports more than 10,000 registered volunteer coaches who are working with over 22,000 student-athletes across the United States. NICA has enhanced its coach licensing and training program to provide coaches the tools and curriculum to ensure positive character and social development for youth participants. NICA provides an array of programs that use mountain biking as a tool for youth development. NICA's GRiT Program strives to increase the number of female student-athletes and coaches, NICA Teen Trail Corps enables youth to participate in trail stewardship and advocacy projects and NICA Adventure provides experiential education through mountain biking for youth in a non-competitive environment. As NICA President Steve Matous states, "NICA is more than just racing; we are creating communities where youth are empowered with mental and physical tools and skills to help them succeed on and off their bikes, now and into the future." About the National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA) The National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA)'s mission is to build strong minds, bodies, character, and communities through cycling. Founded in 2009 as a 501(c)3 nonprofit, NICA develops interscholastic and community-based cycling programs for student-athletes and coaches across the United States. NICA provides leadership services and governance for local leagues to produce quality mountain bike events. NICA has served more than 40,000 student-athletes since 2009. Currently, NICA has 31 state and regional leagues and over 10,000 registered volunteer coaches who are working annually with over 22,000 student-athletes from nearly 1,000 high schools and middle schools in the USA. For more information on NICA visit www.nationalmtb.org, follow @nationalMTB on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn, or call (510) 524-5464. NICA exists by virtue of generous sponsors, donors, and partners, including our Lead sponsor Trek Bicycles; Platinum level sponsors Shimano, Clif Bar & Company, Specialized Bicycles, and Salsa Cycles; Gold level sponsors Giro, Podiumwear, and GU Energy Labs ; and major sponsors CamelBak, Yakima, Maxxis, REI Co-Op, Quality Bicycle Products, People for Bikes, SRAM, Strike Visuals, DeFeet International, Feedback Sports and Canyon Bicycles. NICA National Foundation partners include The Walton Family Foundation, Rapha Foundation, and Wells Fargo. Location: News >> High School Cycling continues to explode! Adds 4 more states Bicycle World General News

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Clean layout, tight typography and lovely imagery for Mary Gaudin's portfolio. Snappy rollovers create a nice feeling of immediacy on the portfolio site of photographer Einar Aslaksen. Titles crossing the Z line, flowing layout and horizontal slideshow presentation for Marlen Keller Photography.

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Amishi in Sanskrit, an ancient language means 'pure'. The brand signifies just that. Pure beauty. Pure innocence. Pure design. Amishi, named after the designer herself, was founded with passion to create handbags and jewellery for the contemporary woman who had both style and substance. Her creations are sheer poetry and she is motivated to create the most desirable pieces of luxury by observing nature and the world around her. Her spirituality has enabled her to create purses which are balanced in design and bring about a sense of fulfillment and balance in the life of the woman who wears it. The vision has always been to make jewelry and handbags that are irresistible and, therefore, will be handed down through generations. The pieces are always fresh, unique, exciting and timeless with roots emanating from ancient cultures. The regal essence of the Amishi handbag conveys the spirit of Royalty to women who wear them. They are eternal classic pieces. Sold in the world's leading stores, Amishi clutch bags and jewelry have been appreciated by celebrities and Royalty including Princess Eugenie, Princess Beatrice, Kimberley Walsh, Nicole Scherzinger, to name a few. www.amishi.london Where can you shop Amishi Tax Free: Amishi, London 45 Maddox Street, W1S 2PE, London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom

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Meet the Man Who Could Be America's First Muslim Governor Michigan's Abdul El-Sayed is in one sense the Bernie Sanders of Michigan. But he's also young, and a state native who played college lacrosse as a Wolverine. Dean Obeidallah Updated Feb. 08, 2018 8:31AM ET / Published Feb. 08, 2018 4:52AM ET Photo Illustration by Elizabeth Brockway/The Daily Beast Donald Trump has truly been an inspiration. On the vile side, we're seeing a spike in white supremacist activities on college campuses and white supremacist deadly terror attacks, as recently documented by the Anti-Defamation League. Trump has inspired these "Americans" by retweeting visible white supremacists, defending white supremacists who marched in Charlottesville as "fine people," and now championing the white supremacists' long held dream of ending family unification of immigrants, which they call "chain migration." But on the side of the best of America, Trump has inspired people who oppose his bigotry, racism, and sexism to run for office. There are a record number of women running in 2018, including Rachel Crooks, who courageously told the story of how Trump sexually assaulted her. There are countless people of color and of varying immigration statuses running this year. And add to that I have never seen more Muslim Americans seeking office on all levels, from City Council, like Liliana Bakhtiari in Atlanta, to people running for Congress, such as Fayrouz Saad, a former Obama administration official from Michigan, and former Michigan state representative Rashida Tlaib, who just announced her candidacy to replace former representative John Conyers. The one candidate in this group who has truly captured the media's attention is another Michigander: Abdul El-Sayed, who is seeking the Democratic nomination for governor. If elected, the 33-year-old El-Sayed would be the first Muslim American ever elected as governor and the youngest governor since a 32-year-old Bill Clinton was elected in Arkansas back in 1978. "There's a reason why former Obama speechwriter Jon Favreau‏ tweeted a video about El-Sayed with the words: 'Reminds me of someone I used to work for.'" However, El-Sayed's faith and age are the least of the reasons to support him. I spoke at length to El-Sayed both as a guest on my SiriusXM radio show and in person. Simply put, this guy is the real deal. He's not only charismatic, he's well versed in the nuances of policy on issues from job creation to education to especially healthcare, given he's a medical doctor who previously headed Detroit's health department. There's a reason why former Obama speechwriter Jon Favreau‏ tweeted a video about El-Sayed with the words: "Reminds me of someone I used to work for." But as El-Sayed commented about the comparison, "I love Obama—but I'm not him." He's right. In fact, on policy issues, El-Sayed is much more of a younger, brown Muslim version of Bernie Sanders. And it's no coincidence that some former Sanders campaign people have joined El-Sayed's campaign. But there's something else that makes you root for him. The Michigan born El-Sayed is a living example of the American dream. He's the son of Egyptian immigrants. He was captain of the high school football team and played lacrosse at University of Michigan. He then went on to win a Rhodes scholarship and earned a medical degree from Columbia University. El-Sayed is currently locked in a two-person race with Gretchen Whitmer, a former State Senate minority leader backed by the Democratic establishment. But the excitement is on El-Sayed's side as friends in Michigan have made clear. That's likely why there was a recent anonymous attack on El-Sayed's eligibility based on the state constitution's requirement that gubernatorial candidates be registered as a Michigan voter for the four prior years to running. While El-Sayed was born and raised in Michigan, he did attend Columbia medical school in New York from 2012-2015 and then returned to Michigan in 2016. El-Sayed's campaign, however, is confident it will prevail on this attack—which they view as akin to birthersim—since he was still a registered voter in Michigan at all times. Even in a state like Michigan, where there's a sizable Arab American and Muslim population, a guy named Abdul El-Sayed has seen challenges. He explained that after 9/11 he was subjected to taunts like "Go back to your country!" and others calling him "raghead." And just last year, a Michigan mosque was burned down in a case of arson. However, the response to that fire was that people in the community of all faiths donated over $30,000 to rebuild the mosque. That's the real Michigan to El-Sayed, who explained, "Michiganders don't care how you pray, but what you pray for." He added, "I pray for my family, my state, my country and for Michigan football. I know a lot of Michiganders pray for the same things." On the issues, El-Sayed is championing not only a bold, progressive agenda but one specific to Michigan. "When I travel Michigan, I hear from people of all backgrounds that they feel locked out of the economy," he explained. El-Sayed contrasted that with where the Democrats went wrong in the 2016 campaign that saw Trump take Michigan: "The Democratic establishment told Michiganders in 2016 that the economy was back—well, it wasn't." El-Sayed passionately explained the need for a single payer healthcare system which would help both Michiganders and attract businesses. "As a doctor, I had to share with people diagnoses of life-threatening conditions yet for some people their worst day wasn't when they heard the diagnoses but trying to figure out how to pay their medical bills without bankrupting their family," said El-Sayed. El-Sayed shared how GM moved a factory from Michigan to Canada because it could save money on providing healthcare because that was already afforded to the citizens of Canada. For those reasons, he wants to start a Michigan-run healthcare system that provides healthcare and would attract new businesses to set up shop there. El-Sayed has been traveling Michigan for much of last year and will continue on a daily basis from now until the Aug. 7 primary. "When we expect 50 people we have had 150 show up at events," he explained about the support he's received, "and more than half of the people at the events sign up to volunteer for the campaign." If things keep building we just may see El-Sayed follow in the footsteps of Bernie Sanders and pull off a Democratic primary win in Michigan. And if Michiganders ultimately elect El-Sayed as governor, that would be the perfect middle finger to Trump.

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Anytime Doctor provides a personalised, secure web-based portal that provides patients with 24/7 access to their health records, lab results and prescription information anywhere in the world. We believe that everyone should have access to safe, fast, affordable healthcare. Yet our domestic healthcare services are overwhelmed by high demand. Technology that connects patients with high quality care is part of the solution and we think we're uniquely positioned to build it. Our core aim is to build and deliver healthcare services that help patients lead fulfilling, healthy lives. Whether it's delivering safe and efficient care, exceptional customer service or improving our IT platform our team focuses on delivering important, meaningful results. We do not currently have any openings. Please check back soon for new exciting opportunities with Anytime Doctor. Would you like to make an additional income after you finish your regular shift? Looking for flexible GP sessions to suit your existing commitments and location? Anytime Doctor is a Care Quality Commission (CQC) registered Online Doctor service. Patients submit medical consultation questionnaires and all prescriptions issued are fulfilled by our UK based pharmacy. All messaging with patients is conducted via our secure messaging portal. We are looking for a new doctor to join our growing team. A minimum commitment of 1.5-2 hours per day is required, to be fitted in around your existing sessions. This is the perfect role for candidates looking to move into the online medicine space or who wish to spend more time working from home. We offer flexible working hours and via our secure system you can log in from wherever you are. Interested candidates should send their CV and covering letter to careers@anytimedoctor.co.uk. Please include details of previous experience and availability. Successful candidates will need to go through our onboarding process, during which we verify identity and right to work documents, GMC registration and safeguarding certificates, qualifications, medical indemnity for private prescribing, appraisal & revalidation documents, DBS, and references. Thank you for taking the time to learn about us and how you could join our team. We look forward to hearing from you!

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About QLA Contact us and Visit Us Tag Archives: UXO Man injured by UXO in Xieng Khouang Posted on October 10, 2016 October 10, 2016 by Jane Kennedy MAN INJURED IN UXO ACCIDENT IN XIENG KHOUANG Today QLA met a UXO survivor in hospital who was injured by UXO when burning near his house in Kham District, Xieng Khouang Province on 5 October 2016. "Mr K" is a 26 year old married man and has a young baby. He sustained shrapnel injuries to his right eye and left arm. The shrapnel has been removed, but the next few weeks will determine whether or not he has lost the vision in his eye. Mr K's sister-in-law was injured by UXO in 2003 and has since lost her life from complications of her condition. As far as QLA is aware, Mr K's accident was the 11th UXO accident in Xieng Khouang Province this year and he is the 17th person to be injured. QLA will support Mr K's treatment for as long as necessary. Thank you to DFDL Legal & Tax for funding the treatment of Mr K and other UXO survivors this year. President Obama in Laos – Youtube links to UXO stories Posted on September 13, 2016 September 13, 2016 by Jane Kennedy President Obama Speaks to the People of Laos (Cultural Hall, Vientiane, Laos, 6 Sept 2016, published by the White House) President Obama Delivers Remarks at the COPE Visitor Center (COPE Centre, Vientiane, Laos, 7 September 2016, published by the White House) Obama honors victims of American bombings in Laos (7 September 2016, CBS This Morning) President Obama spent his second day in Laos visiting a northern city known for its Buddhist temples. He also visited victims of American bombing from the Vietnam War and promised more money to help them. Margaret Brennan reports from Vientiane, the capital of Laos. Victims of Laos' Forgotten War (Xepon, Laos, 7 September 2016, Financial Times) Laos is still littered with unexploded bombs from the Vietnam war. The FT's Michael Peel visits Xepon on the former Ho Chi Minh trail to talk to people who have suffered personally and see the clear up operation. Brett Dakin, Legacies of War (CTV Your Morning, September 8, 2016) Brett Dakin discusses President Obama's historic announcement and what it means to those who have fought to address the legacies of war in Laos. Laos still feeling the effects of the Vietnam War (Laos, 5 September 2016, CBS Evening News) President Obama's trip to Laos is the first by a sitting U.S. president. He is expected to address a once-secret bombing program the U.S. led in the Vietnam war that Laos is still feeling today. Adriana Diaz reports. Bomb Hunter In Laos Dismantles Leftover U.S. Bombs (Laos, 10 September 2016, AJ+) Barack Obama became the first U.S. president to visit Laos, where millions of unexploded American bombs dropped during the Vietnam War are still claiming lives to this day. "Millions of People in Laos Still Live in Fear" as Obama Pledges $90 Million to Clean Up U.S. Bombs (8 September 2016, Democracy Now) As President Obama becomes the first American president to visit Laos, we look at the legacy of the U.S. bombing campaign there during the war on Vietnam. Woman injured in UXO accident in Xieng Khouang Posted on March 28, 2016 March 28, 2016 by Jane Kennedy On 23 March 2016 a UXO accident occurred in Paek District, Xieng Khouang. While burning off to clear her corn field, Ms 'X' a 25 year old mother of 3 children was injured when a UXO exploded from the fire. She was standing about 2 metres away at the time and sustained a deep shrapnel wound which impacted on her liver and caused breathing difficulties. Ms X's sister in law who was with her at the time of the accident took her by motorbike to a local medical clinic, where the doctor referred her to the provincial hospital. Ms X's family then hired a rental vehicle to transport her to the provincial hospital where she immediately underwent surgery to have the shrapnel removed. QLA visited Ms X in hospital and met with her family to provide support (including payment of medical and associated costs) and will continue to do so for as long as necessary. We wish Ms X and her family well. A UXO victim's story Posted on February 6, 2015 August 3, 2015 by qlalaos-admin Mr Nengyong Yang The UXO accident Nengyong was 31 years old and married with four children. In April 2012, Nengyong was cutting a tree in his field in preparation for planting corn when he hit a UXO that had been sitting inside the tree trunk for decades. As a result of the accident Nengyong lost his sight. He was treated in hospital for several weeks. Nengyong's wife Mai Khang told QLA that since the accident he had been very upset because he was blind and could not farm or support his family. He told her that dying would be better than having to rely on her to take care of him. In June 2012 Nengyong killed himself. Mai Khang woke up to find that he was not in bed. She searched through the house and then went outside to find that he had hanged himself from a mango tree. Although she immediately cut him down and cried out to the neighbors for help, he was already beyond help. Nengyong left behind three young sons and one daughter. Although there is no way to undo this tragedy, QLA will continue to have contact with Nengyong's family and endeavour to assist as much as possible. An alternative form of livelihood After Nengyong passed away, MaiKhang had to stay home and care for her children, so QLa arranged for her brother-in-law to attend animal raising training on her behalf in June 2013. QLA provided a small grant to buy animals for raising and MaiKhang opted to buy some chickens. MaiKhang now has 30 chickens and 40 chicks which can be sold or used at Basi ceremonies (significant religious/spiritual events). This shows that MaiKhang has made good use of the previous small grant. In response to reading Nengyong's story, QLA received a private donation from a family that wanted to help this family specifically. QLA met with MaiKhang to determine the needs of her and her children. In August 2014 QLA arranged the purchase of school uniforms, shoes and school books for the three children of school age and the payment of school fees. MaiKhang's roof was in such a state of disrepair that the kitchen was unusable. QLA arranged for the purchase of roofing materials and several members of MaiKhang's extended family assisted with putting on the new roof within one week of purchase. QLA also provided a grant for MaiKhang to buy two pigs, to generate income and a few bags of rice so she could feed her family until income from the pigs was realised. MaiKhang is very thankful for the assistance that QLA has given and said that now the essential things that were worrying her have been taken care of, she hopes that life will be easier for her and her children. She also said she would like to see QLA provide this type of assistance to other families of UXO survivors and UXO victims. The donating family has indicated that if the children attend school regularly and receive a good school report they will consider funding the education costs again next year and in subsequent years. The Yang family's visit to Phonsavan to buy school uniforms and shoes. From left: Souk (10yrs) DouaOng (12 yrs), YengJouk (2yrs), MaiKhang (32 yrs) and KaLai (8 yrs). YengJouk inspects the quality of the rice! Khamkhone, President of QLA's Board of Directors, hands over the school books, rice, roofing materials and funds for education and the purchase of 2 pigs to the Yang family. The Head of the village (left) supervised the event. The oldest boy, Souk, was at his grandmother's that day. Channapha Khamvongsa (Legacies of War) has been a tireless advocate for UXO victims for many years. When in Xieng Khouang during her visit to Laos from the USA, QLA introduced Channapha to Mai Khang in March 2015 after which Channapha's advocacy work was a feature article in the International New York Times and Mai Khang's story was one of several included in the article. New York Times article QLA's achievements in 2016 Tax deductible donations to QLA now available QLA's Executive Director meets with President Obama Medical and rehabilitative treatment costs Psychosocial support for UXO survivors and PWD Livelihood and development programs UXO Survivor Information Centre PWD stories UXO stories QLA Information Share our work with your friends Phonsavanh Village, Xieng Khouang Province, Lao PDR | Email: qualifasc@gmail.com | Phone: (+856) 061 211124 | © 2015 by THE QUALITY OF LIFE ASSOCIATION - LAOS.

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British fashion designer Henry Holland's first capsule collection for UK homes store Habitat is a riot of pattern and colour. Inspired by gonzo journalist and author Hunter S. Thompson's trippy novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, his debut interiors range, on sale now, uses prints from House of Holland's SS16 season and applies them to covetable cushions, sofas, rugs and throws. Holland's 'Paradise Leaf' print features exotic blue leaves and bright orange Bird of Paradise flowers. Set on a pale background, it spices up Habitat's 'Abel' sofa and armchair and also appears as a soft hand-tufted wool rug. Botanicals get supersized! This striking textile is put to further use with the addition of witty insect illustrations by Suzan Pitt on 'Buggin', a colour-clash cushion that features flora, fauna and insects on one side and leopard print on the reverse. Team it with 'Tropical Leaf', featuring foliage and feathers in hot pinks and sizzling reds (also with leopard print and oversized bug on the reverse) and 'Pufferfish', a rectangular cushion with a simple geometric design – if you like your colour dial turned up to the max you'll feel right at home. Finally, for long summer evenings outdoors, 'Catfish', a reversible cotton throw that combines a monochromatic 'Pufferfish' print with crisp blue and white stripes, will keep you cosy when the sun goes down. It's all very Seventies kitsch, yet somehow bang on point for now. Viva Las Vegas!

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Homepage, Legal, News Blog, Uncategorized News Media Responds to EMA v. Schwarzenegger by cbldf • April 27, 2010 • Comments Off on News Media Responds to EMA v. Schwarzenegger by Amy Long for The Media Coalition Over 100 newspapers, websites, and blogs reported on the Supreme Court's decision to grant California's petition for certiorari in EMA v. Schwarzenegger. Papers across the United States, Canada and Britain carried the news, which reached as far as New Zealand's Top News, the Ethiopian Review and Thailand's The Thaindian paper, which takes a view that is generally supportive of the state's position (though it notes that Schwarzenegger "seemed a tad too pleased with the court's decision"). The case will be taken up by the Court in its fall term. The Reuters story (along with its Canadian twin) straightforwardly reports on the Court's decision, reviews the law's background, and features a solid quote from ESA president Michael Gallagher. The Associated Press' more extensive coverage, which pits free speech against "helping parents keep violent material away from children," focuses on the case's relationship to U.S. v. Stevens and to obscenity-related case law; Michael Gallagher is also quoted in AP's story. News outlets from the Huffington Post to the Spokane Spokesman-Review carried that AP article. Bloomberg's report includes a brief analysis of the state's position, a history of the case and a reaction quote from EMA president Bo Anderson. EMA's Sean Bersell also appears in the story, confirming that eight other jurisdictions have passed similar laws, all of which have been struck down by the courts. In the Los Angeles Times, David Savage says the Court's decision to hear the case suggests that the justices think the California law could be upheld because it is narrowly targeted to minors and applies to games that "appeal to a deviant and morbid interest in violence." Adam Liptak agrees, quotes Michael Gallagher, and reports on California's failed attempt to have the appeals court apply the "more relaxed standard used in obscenity cases involving minors" rather than strict scrutiny. He also notes that the appeals court judge, Judge Consuelo M. Callahan, registered skepticism regarding the state's claim that violent games cause rather than correlate with psychological harm to minors. The Washington Post discusses the Court's decision in relation to Stevens and notes that this will be the first time the Supreme Court has considered a First Amendment case relating to video games. The Christian Science Monitor's detailed article provides viewpoints from free speech and video game advocates as well as supporters of the California law, a discussion of the validity of the research presented by the state in lower court arguments, and a case history. CNBC focuses on industry figures' and specialist attorneys' reactions to the Court's decision yesterday. At Reason Magazine's Hit & Run blog, libertarian Jacob Sullum not only warns against the ramifications of the Supreme Court carving out a new arena of unprotected speech but also says that, if the Court upholds the law, "this case would effect a sea change in the permissible regulation of all media […] that contain violent content and are accessible to minors." In a media advisory, Progress & Freedom Foundation president Adam Thierer says he hopes the Court "is taking this case to affirm the free speech rights of game creators and users, and not to overturn ten years of solid, sensible lower court decisions granting video games the same First Amendment protections as books, film, music and other forms of entertainment." At the First Amendment Center, David L. Hudson says that, in agreeing to hear the case, the Court will "decide whether the concept of obscenity can extend to violent-themed materials or will remain rooted in hard-core sexual materials." Cornell's student paper, the Cornell Sun, argues that video games should be protected in the same way as are music recordings, films, and books. The San Jose Mercury quotes Eugene Volokh as predicting less that the Court may feel California's law is narrowly tailored enough to pass constitutional muster and more that the violent games debate is a national issue that deserves a resolution, though the journalists emphasize the unpredictability of the case. The San Mateo Daily Journal focuses on bill sponsor Senator Leland Yee's reaction as well as that of video game advocates. The Orange County Register asks readers (particularly parents) to weigh in on whether or not minors should be allowed to buy games violent games. Ars Technica provides a case history, discusses EMA's relationship to Stevens, and predicts a good outcome for the game industry. Gamasutra also ties this case to Stevens, which it says "may signal a tough environment" for the California law, and highlights ESA's role in challenging the law; Gamasutra's piece includes quotes from Michael Gallagher and Jenn Mercurio, Entertainment Consumer Association vice president and general counsel. Gaming site G4's The Feed blog features a video of ESA senior vice president and general counsel Ken Doroshow speaking about the legal issues facing the game industry at a 2010 conference and predicts that many of those issues will apply to the ESA's strategy in the upcoming Supreme Court case. Technology web site TechNewsWorld reports on the Court's surprising decision to grant cert and the state's lack of solid evidence that violent video games cause harm to minors. Seattle's technology news site, TechFlash, looks at the possibility that, should the Court uphold California's law, Washington's similar law, ruled unconstitutional six years ago, could be revived. Geezer Gamers, a site geared toward older video game players, considers the implications the Court's upholding of the law could have on non-minors. There was very little coverage in the religious conservative press. World Mag and Christian Broadcasting Network carried the AP story and Citizen Link carried a short story of its own. Media Coalition, Inc., founded in 1973, is an association that defends the First Amendment right to produce and sell books, movies, magazines, recordings, DVDs, videotapes, and video games, and defends the American public's First Amendment right to have access to the broadest possible range of opinion and entertainment. Tags: supreme court ← BPAL Debuts Neverwhere Fragrances! CBLDF Supporter Auction Highlights! →

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Mariah Carey Has Defrosted Just In Time For The Holiday Season Sayonara, Spookiness! 'Queen Of X-Mas' Mariah Carey Defrosts & Kicks Off Christmas Season With THIS Trending Teaser by Shannon Dawson | November 1, 2021 Spooky Season is officially over…but you know what's around the corner? That good ol' holiday called Christmas, and the famous "Queen" of Yuletide cheer Mariah Carey is already gearing up for the festive day. Source: Kevin Mazur/Getty Images for MC / Getty The 52-year-old R&B powerhouse took to Instagram on Nov.1, where she shared a cute video of herself smashing a few pumpkins to signal the end of Halloween as she ushered in the start of the Holiday season with her classic hit "All I Want For Christmas Is You." In the short 60 minute clip, the five-time Grammy award winner uses a giant candy can colored bat to take out the spooky-looking pumpkins. "It's tiiiime!" Carey squeals, as she smashes the Halloween decorations to smithereens. At the end of the fun video, a message appears that reads, "Smash that pumpkin and treat it as pie… 'cause we still gotta get through Thanksgiving #MariahSZN." Originally released in 1994, Mariah Carey's Christmas anthem has been cemented in song history as one of the best-selling singles of all time. The song hit the Billboard 100 chart's No.1 spot in both 2019 and 2020. According to CNN, the merry tune has reportedly raked in a massive amount of cash for the singer too. The report notes that the start has earned nearly $2 million in royalties on Spotify, and a total of $60 million in royalties throughout the years. In 2020, the song broke Spotify's record for most single day-plays, with the track streaming a whopping 17.223 million times in 24 hours. Now, fans of Carey are debating whether she could be soon delivering a new Christmas anthem for her merry listeners based on a scene from the video where the star reveals a silver purse with the date "11/5″ written on the front. It will be exciting to see what the star does have planned for the date, but fans are pumped that Mariah has finally "defrosted" from her summer and fall slumber just in time to bring some holiday cheer. "Halloween is now over! Now its time to listen to Mariah Carey for 2 months straight!!" wrote one user. While another person commented: "ITS TIME!!! The queen has spoken! It's Christmas season officially!! My favourite season." Check out more of the Mariah Christmas commentary below. Are YOU in the Holiday spirit now that the Christmas Queen's officially defrosted?

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Courses, workshops from panels or speeches I have given, and videos from my talks on social media or community building. If you're building a brand, this is the category for you. Curation is a way to get your voice heard within the massive amounts of information on the Internet. To curate effectively, you need to be a voice that people trust.

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Princess Red Wing Wanting to animate the ground that had become cold over the centuries, Princess Red Wing initiated the Great Swamp Massacre Ceremony in the late 1930s. The ceremony starkly contrasted with the 1906 dedication of the monument to the Great Swamp Fight. The Narragansett consider the event a massacre, not a "fight," because of the death of many non-combatants (women and children) during the violence. In preparation for the first ceremony, Princess Red Wing spent countless hours organizing participants in order to begin a much needed healing process. The ceremony both reawakened the consciousness of tribal members to the terrible massacre during King Philip's War and forced White community members to acknowledge the transgressions against Native peoples in Rhode Island. The ceremony has grown over the years and continues today. It includes a lighting of fires to honor the past, present, and future, songs, ceremonies, dancing, a roll call of fallen soldiers in various wars, as well as speeches by Native and non-Native people. Princess Red Wing was born Mary E. Congdon in 1896 to Walter Glasko (Narragansett) and Hannah Weeden (Wampanoag). Mary received her tribal name from her mother, after the red wing blackbird, "to fling her mission far with grace, for ears that harken for the uplift of my race." She certainly did uplift her Tribe and countless more Native groups throughout her life. Princess Red Wing designed the Narragansett Indian Tribe's Seal and was asked to help draft the Tribe's bylaws in 1934 after the Indian Reorganization Act was passed. And as mentioned, she was no stranger to pageants, parades, and dedications. During her life, Princess Red Wing was invited to events all over the country. But, she refused to attend the Mount Rushmore dedication in 1941 because it desecrated a sacred place. Princess Red Wing was elected Squaw Sachem of the New England Council of Chiefs in 1945, which enabled her to oversee sacred ceremonies. Although "squaw" can be used in a derogatory sense, "squaw sachem" was a traditional Narragansett role. The term was reclaimed in the 20th century and used to empower Native women. Princess Red Wing co-founded the Tomaquag Museum with friend and anthropologist, Eva Butler, in 1958. The museum's first home was Eva Butler's private residence, where it remained until Butler passed away in 1969. The Museum's second home was in Exeter, where Princess Red Wing moved the museum in 1972 so that she could share her tribal knowledge with the many patrons of the Dovecrest restaurant, living with the Dove family for years. She stepped down from her role at the Tomaquag Museum in 1984. Nine years earlier, Princess Red Wing was given an honorary doctorate at the University of Rhode Island, an acknowledgment of her many achievements. In 1978, she was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame, which only includes a few Native American inductees: Canonicus, Miantonomi, Massasoit, Metacomet, and Ellison 'Tarzan' Brown. She died in 1987 at the age of 91 and is buried in Pascoag. Princess Red Wing was a tireless activist, passionate educator, celebrated artist, and gifted storyteller who made critical contributions to society on behalf of the Narragansett tribe and throughout broader Indian Country during a challenging time in Native history. University of Rhode Island Commencement: In 1975, Princess Red Wing received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Rhode Island for her lifelong commitment to Native people in Rhode Island and beyond. Princess Red Wing at The Narragansett Indian Church: Princess Red Wing holding a peace pipe at the Narragansett Indian Church, c. 1970. Princess Red Wing: Here is a photo of princess Red Wing of the Seven Crescents in traditional dress in the 1920s. Princess Red Wing Invitation: On behalf of the Sons and Daughters of the First Americans, Princess Red Wing invites other groups to participate in the first Great Swamp Pilgrimage in 1936. Princess Red Wing with Friends: Left to Right: Princess Pine Needle, Eva L. Butler, Girl Scout Margaret Murphy Troop 331, Princess Red Wing. May 21, 1966 Great Swamp Memorial Pilgrimage Flyer, 2007: The Great Swamp Memorial Pilgrimage continues today. The ceremony welcomes the public to join local Tribes as they remember the tragic events that took place in December of 1675. Mural at 32 Custom House Srteet: Created by the artist Gaia, in consultation with the Tomaquag Museum, "Still Here" depicts Lynsea Montanari, a member of the Narragansett tribe and educator at Tomaquag. Lynsea is holding a photo of Princess Red Wing. The mural honors the legacy of culture and community for First Peoples on Weybosset Street's surrounding land, a place of trade and community for Native-American communities prior to colonization, and the importance of preserving and sharing heritage. The Avenue Concept comissioned and facilitated the development of the mural. ~ Date: September, 2018 41 Great Swamp Monument Road, North Kingstown, RI 02892 ~ Private Property - If you plan to visit, be sure to wear proper clothing during hunting season. On the fourth Sunday of September each year, the Narragansett Tribe has a pilgrimage to "honor the past, present, and future" at the Great Swamp Memorial. You can learn more about Pricess Red Wing on the Dawland Voices website. Thanks to her efforts, the Tomaquag Museum celebrates its 60th Anniversary in 2018! In 2015, The Providence Jounral examined race in Rhode Island through a series of print and digital publications. First Peoples were discussed in several of the stories. Katharine Kirakosian and Tomaquag Museum, "Princess Red Wing," Rhode Tour, accessed July 17, 2019, http://rhodetour.org/items/show/299.

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Great for the whole family, clear shallow water and white sandy beach make this area a perfect recreational haven for the entire family. The water is shallow for many feet then deepens quite gradually. Sand beach, No Lifeguards (unsupervised), No pets allowed. Limited parking areas. Activities: beach stores, restaurants, picnic areas, fishing.

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Home » In Washington, an insurer cannot refuse to defend, change its mind, and still expect to control the defense or avoid bad faith In Washington, an insurer cannot refuse to defend, change its mind, and still expect to control the defense or avoid bad faith By Kevin Mapes on February 20, 2018 Posted in bad faith, CGL insurance, construction-defect litigation, Duty to defend, ROR Letter, Uncategorized, wrongful denial of coverage A recent decision from the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington again demonstrates the decidedly pro-policyholder nature of insurance-coverage law in the state of Washington. Like so many coverage cases, 2FL Enterprises, LLC v. Houston Specialty Insurance Co., arose from underlying construction-defect litigation. The insured, 2FL Enterprises, first notified its insurer, Houston Specialty, when a dispute arose between 2FL and the owner of an apartment building that 2FL had worked on. The next month, the owner filed suit, and 2FL promptly tendered the lawsuit to Houston Specialty. Five months later, Houston Specialty issued a letter denying any coverage for the lawsuit. After a default judgment was entered against 2FL, Houston Specialty reconsidered and offered to retain counsel on behalf of its insured. 2FL rejected Houston Specialty's offer of a defense. Photo by GotCredit In the ensuing coverage litigation, the court initially set out the broad nature of the duty to defend under Washington law, finding that "all that is required to trigger the duty to defend is the 'potential' for liability," asking "whether allegations in the complaint could conceivably impose liability on the insured," and concluding that "if there is any reasonable interpretation of the law that could result in coverage, the insurer must defend." Applying these standards, the court found that Houston Specialty had breached its duty to defend and acted in bad faith. The court was particularly bothered by the Houston Specialty's attempt to rely on extrinsic evidence to support its denial. Under Washington law, extrinsic evidence may be used in support of coverage, but an insurer can never rely on documents beyond the complaint and the policy in denying coverage. Significantly, the court was unimpressed by Houston Specialty's belated change of heart and attempt to provide a defense. Houston Specialty argued that any breach was "cured" when it belatedly offered to participate in 2FL's defense, and that 2FL had breached its duty to cooperate when it rejected the offered defense. The court disagreed, finding that Houston Specialty "had already breached the contract by the point in time it argues that Plaintiff was required to cooperate. 'An insured … should no longer be bound by contractual obligations if the insurer breaches its duty to defend the insured.'" Releasing the insured from its duty to cooperate was not the only consequence of Houston Specialty's denial of coverage. The Court went on to conclude that by breaching its contractual obligation to defend, the insurer lost the right to control the insured's defense, despite its later offer to defend. Finally, the Court found that Houston Specialty had acted in bad faith, and its later offer to defend did not change the court's position: The fact that both the delay and the denial were unfounded and unreasonable dictate a finding of bad faith which is unmitigated by the insurer's later change of heart. For insurers, this decision reinforces the general state of Washington law: deny the insured a defense at your own peril. The decision also adds a new wrinkle: an insurer that denies a defense cannot simply change its mind and still expect to control the defense of the insured in order to guard against bad-faith exposure. For policyholders, that same wrinkle presents a potential opportunity. Once an insurer has denied coverage, the policyholder should be free to retain counsel of its choosing and to control the defense going forward, even if the insurer later agrees to defend. At a minimum, the decision gives the policyholder a good argument that the insurer should agree to fund the defense through the insured's choice of counsel, rather than insisting on the insurer's own panel counsel. The opinion linked to this article was reprinted from WestlawNext with permission of Thomson Reuters. If you wish to check the currency of this case by using KeyCite on WestlawNext, please visit www.next.westlaw.com. Kevin Mapes Kevin Mapes is a commercial litigator, with a special emphasis representing policyholders in insurance coverage disputes and construction defects. Kevin has helped recover millions of dollars for his policyholder clients, and he has earned the AV® Preeminent™ Rating from Martindale-Hubbell®, American Registry. Additionally, Kevin was listed as one of "Oregon's Top Rated Lawyers" in 2013 by ALM Legal Leaders, published by The National Law Journal, The American Lawyer and Corporate Counsel magazine, affiliated with Martindale-Hubbell®. Read more about Kevin. Read more about Kevin Mapes Traps await the unwary in claims-made insurance policies Choice-of-Law Analysis Makes All the Difference in "First Party" Bad-Faith Case Nevada Joins States Protecting Insureds from Lawyers Serving Two Masters Broad and Ineffective "Reservation of Rights" Letter has Big Consequences

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British schools are helping to boost Islamism with politically correct lessons that tell black pupils that slavery was entirely the fault of English and Americans, and omit the long and vicious history of Arab slave trading, according to an influential Church of England bishop, Nazir Ali. The men of African descent who murdered soldier Lee Rigby in London may have been fed this travesty of history, but they could have picked it up online. Presumably they never heard of Doctor David Livingstone, one of many Christians who battled to end the slave trade and slavery in Africa. Born two hundred years ago, in Scotland, David Livingstone began work in a textile mill at the age of ten. Somehow he educated himself, paid his own way through school to become a doctor, and simultaneously became an ordained minister. His faith led him to become a missionary in Africa, but his work was unsuccessful. After seven years, he had come no closer to ending 'the open sore of the world', African slavery. He decided to embark on a new strategy, though it was likely it would kill him. on a collision course with a sophisticated economic system organised from the East African coast by Arab and Portuguese slave traders. Yet in his usual undaunted way, he had soon worked out a scheme that would not only open up Africa to God and civilisation, but also dispose of slavery into the bargain. Like so many Victorians, he took it for granted that a free market would be more efficient than an unfree one In his view, the witchery of the slave trade had distracted attention from every other source of wealth in Africa: Coffee, cotton sugar oil iron and even gold were abandoned for the delusive gains of a trade which rarely enriches. If an easier route could be found by which honest merchants could travel to the interior and establish legitimate trade in these other commodities--buying the products of free African labour rather than taking that labour by force and exporting it--then the slave traders would be put out of business. Free labour would drive out unfree. All Livingstone had to do was to find this route. In his search for the artery of civilisation, Livingstone was indefatigable. Indeed, compared with those who struggled to keep pace with him, he seemed indestructible. Already the first man to cross the Kalahari desert, the first white man to see Lake Ngami and the first white man to traverse the continent, in November 1855 he became the first to see what is perhaps the greatest of all the natural wonders in the world. . .the Zambezi. . .and Victoria Falls. Livingstone believed that the Zambezi could become Africa's great highway. -Niall Ferguson writing in Empire. Livingstone's travels have entered the realm of myth. His belief that the two pioneers of civilisation are Christianity and commerce have been dismissed. Many people love to travel, and there are many parts of the world we like to visit. We don't always want to live where we travel, don't you know. Is it just an accident that most people would prefer to live in countries which have inherited the principles of freedom, honesty, and kindness espoused by Jesus and Livingstone? They're 3 of the 27 gifts which inspired our book, Share the Inheritance (see sidebar).

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U.S. scores lower than many smaller and poorer countries on world motherhood rankings. May 7, 2010, 2 p.m. Where are the best countries in the world for a mom to be a mom? Turns out, it's not to U.S. Not even by a long shot. The United States actually scored rather poorly on the latest Save the Children "Mothers Index," managing only 28th place, and bettered by many smaller and poorer countries. But the US showing put it behind countries such as the Baltic states, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; and eastern and central European states such as Croatia and Slovenia. Even debt-plagued Greece beat the U.S. with a motherhood ranking of 24. So where is the best place to be a mother? Norway topped the list followed by a string of other developed nations. Not surprisingly, Afghanistan came in at the bottom of the table, below several African states. Why did the U.S. score so poorly? One of the primary reasons was the maternal mortality rate, which at one in 4,800 is one of the highest in the developed world. Did you know that? Neither did I. Apparently, a woman in the Unites States is more than 5 times as likely as a woman in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece or Italy to die from pregnancy-related causes in her lifetime and her risk of maternal death is nearly 10-fold that of a woman in Ireland. The U.S. also scored poorly on under-five mortality (our rate of 8 per 1,000 births putting it on a par with Slovakia and Montenegro.) Only 61% of American children are enrolled in preschool, which on this indicator made it the seventh-lowest country in the developed world. And finally, according to the campaign's report, "The United States has the least generous maternity leave policy -- both in terms of duration and percent of wages paid -- of any wealthy nation." Save the Children compiled the index based on a number of factors affecting the health and well-being of women and children, including access to health care, education and economic opportunities. Norway came out on top because women there are paid well, access to contraception is easy and the country has one of the generous most maternity leave policies in the world. Norway was followed by Australia, Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand, Finland, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. At the bottom was Afghanistan, followed by Niger, Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Yemen, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Sudan, Eritrea and Equatorial Guinea.

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Philippe Soupault, né le à Chaville et mort le à Paris XVIe, est un écrivain, poète et journaliste français, cofondateur du surréalisme. Il est inhumé au cimetière de Montmartre (). Biographie Famille Il est le du docteur Maurice Soupault, gastro-entérologue, médecin des hôpitaux de Paris, riche propriétaire terrien en Beauce et de Cécile Dancongnée, fille de Victor Léon Dancongnée, célèbre avocat au Conseil d'État dont la famille originaire du Puy-en-Velay avait fait fortune dans la dentelle. La sœur de sa mère, Louise, épouse Fernand Renault, frère aîné de Louis Renault. Philippe Soupault portera un jugement très dur sur son oncle par alliance. Il le décrit dans Le Grand Homme ou Histoire d'un Blanc. Il est également l'oncle de Brigitte Sabouraud, qui est une auteur-compositrice-interprète de chanson française et la cofondatrice du cabaret L'Écluse. Il est le père de deux filles : Nicole (1920-1988), de son premier mariage (1918) avec Suzanne Pillard Verneuil (1895-1980), et Christine qui, née de son second mariage (1923) avec Marie-Louise Le Borgne (1894-1955), épousera l'architecte Paul Chemetov. Du dadaïsme au surréalisme Avec ses amis André Breton et Louis Aragon, il participe à l'aventure Dada, qu'il considère comme une « table rase nécessaire », pour ensuite se tourner vers le surréalisme, dont il est un des principaux fondateurs avec André Breton. Avec ce dernier, il a en effet écrit le recueil de poésie Les Champs magnétiques en 1919, selon le principe novateur de l'écriture automatique. Ce recueil de poésie peut être considéré comme une des premières œuvres surréalistes, alors que le mouvement ne sera lancé effectivement qu'en 1924 avec le premier Manifeste du surréalisme d'André Breton. Soupault est exclu du mouvement surréaliste en 1926, avec le motif « trop de littérature », alors que le mouvement surréaliste s'engage dans la cause communiste. L'amour fou Le , lors de la « fête de la Révolution » à l'ambassade soviétique où se retrouve le Tout-Paris intellectuel, Philippe Soupault fait la rencontre d'une Allemande, Ré Richter (Meta Erna Niemeyer, dite), qui divorça de Hans Richter. Ils se marient en 1937. Ré fait déjà partie du cercle d'artistes parisiens qui évolue autour de Man Ray, Fernand Léger, Elsa Triolet, Max Ernst, Kiki et bien d'autres. Cette ancienne élève du Bauhaus et amie des dadaïstes berlinois, leur fait découvrir l'avant-garde allemande jusque-là peu connue en France. Le couple qu'elle forma avec Philippe Soupault concrétise ce fructueux partage artistique. Le journalisme Depuis la fin des années 1920, Philippe Soupault était devenu un journaliste français célèbre. Il travaille notamment pour VU, Excelsior ou L'Intransigeant. Il croit au talent de Ré sa future femme qui a étudié l'art et il la convainc donc d'illustrer ses reportages. Dès 1934, le couple Soupault sillonne le monde, voyageant en Allemagne, en Autriche, en Suède, en Angleterre puis aux États-Unis. Lui écrivant, elle photographiant. Comme il le racontera dans ses entretiens sur France Culture, il rencontra même par hasard dans un ascenseur Hitler et son aide de camp. Il regrettera de ne pas avoir eu un revolver à ce moment-là. De même, il croisa un jour Staline et fut surpris par l'expression cruelle de son visage. Ce jour-là, il le vit boire 24 vodkas dans une réception mais on lui affirma que Staline les jetait discrètement sans les boire. En 1935, ils font ensemble une série de reportages en Norvège, de nouveau en Allemagne, en Tchécoslovaquie, en Angleterre, en Espagne (1936) et enfin en Tunisie. Philippe Soupault est chargé par Léon Blum, alors président du Conseil du Front populaire, de lancer une nouvelle station antifasciste Radio Tunis, qu'il dirigea de 1937 à 1940. En 1941, ils voyagent à travers tout le pays à vélo. Ils veulent rencontrer la population, voir de leurs propres yeux la réalité et en faire part : « nous voulions parler au peuple » racontera-t-elle dans un entretien pour Libération en 1994. Pourchassés tant par la police de Vichy que par la dictature nazie – Philippe Soupault est emprisonné durant six mois – ils parviennent, par un heureux concours de circonstances et sans pouvoir rien emporter, à fuir clandestinement hors de Tunisie en , un jour avant que les troupes allemandes de Rommel n'envahissent Tunis. Leur maison de la rue el Karchani sera plusieurs fois pillée. Ils passent par l'Algérie et vont se réfugier sur le continent américain. Durant l'année 1943, Philippe Soupault est chargé de nombreuses missions en Amérique du nord, centrale et du sud, où il travaille à reconstruire le réseau des agences de presse françaises pour le gouvernement de Charles de Gaulle. Ils retrouvent à New York leur groupe d'amis parisiens, Walter Mehring, Man Ray, Fernand Léger, Marcel Breuer, Herbert Bayer, Kurt Weill, Max Ernst. Ré accompagne Philippe dans tous ses voyages. Ils rencontrent Gisèle Freund et Victoria Ocampo en Argentine. Ils font de nombreux voyages en Amérique du sud durant l'année 1944 : Mexique, Bolivie, Colombie, Guatemala, Chili, Argentine, Brésil. Ils rentrent aux États-Unis en passant par Haïti, Cuba et un bref séjour à Swarthmore en Pennsylvanie, où Philippe enseigne à l'Université. L'année 1945 marque la séparation du couple Soupault. Sa poésie est depuis le début très cosmopolite et ouverte aux mouvements d'avant-garde. Soupault fut aussi journaliste, critique, essayiste, producteur à la radio (en compagnie de Paul Gilson) et l'auteur de nombreux romans. En 1989, Philippe Soupault participe sur France Culture à l'émission consacrée à son poème cinématographique Le Coeur volé dans la série de Jean-Pierre Pagliano "Cinémaquette ou Ecoutez les films que vous ne pouvez pas voir" (première diffusion: 13 novembre 1989). Œuvres Poésie Aquarium. Paris, Imprimerie P. Birault, 1917. Rose des vants . Paris, Au Sans Pareil, 1919. http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/rose_des_vents/index.htm Les Champs magnétiques, avec André Breton. Paris, Au Sans Pareil, 1920. Westwego (1917-1922). Paris, Librairie Six, 1922. http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/westwego/index.htm Georgia. Paris, Éd. des Cahiers libres, 1926. Il y a un océan. Paris, Guy Lévis Mano, 1936. Poésies complètes 1917-1937. Paris, Guy Lévis Mano, 1937. Ode to the Bombed London. Ode à Londres bombardée. Alger, Charlot, 1944. Édition bilingue. Odes 1943-1946. Paris, Seghers, 1946. L'Arme secrète. Paris, Bordas, 1946. Message de l'île déserte (1942-1944). La Haye, Stols, 1947. Chansons. Lausanne, Eynard, 1949. Sans phrases. Osmose-Girard, 1953. Poèmes et Poésies (1917-1983). Paris, Grasset, 1973. Arc-en-ciel. Rome, Valori Plastici, 1979. Odes 1930-1980, Lyon, J.-M. Laffont, 1981. Poèmes retrouvés 1918-1981. Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1982. Poésies pour mes amis les enfants, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1983. Georgia, Épitaphes, Chansons. Préface de Serge Fauchereau. Paris, Poésie/Gallimard, 1983. Poèmes et Poésies. Paris, Grasset, "Les Cahiers rouges", 1987. Les Champs magnétiques. Publication en fac similé du manuscrit original de 1919. Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1988. Le pirate C'est demain dimanche Romans et nouvelles Le Bon Apôtre, Paris, Éd. du Sagittaire, "Collection de la Revue européenne", n° 1, 1923. À la dérive, Paris, Ferenczi, coll. "Colette", 1923. Les Frères Durandeau, Paris, Grasset, 1924. Voyage d'Horace Pirouelle, Paris, Éd. du Sagittaire, coll. "Les Cahiers nouveaux", 1925. Voyage d'Horace Pirouelle au Groenland. Présentation et publication en fac similé du manuscrit de 1918 par Claude Leroy in Philippe Soupault, le poète (dir. J. Chénieux-Gendron), 1992. Ce manuscrit avait été offert par Soupault à Blaise Cendrars. Le Bar de l'amour. Paris, Les Cahiers du mois, n° 11, 1925. Fragment d'En joue ! (1925). En joue !, Paris, Grasset, 1925. Édition révisée et préfacée par l'auteur, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1984. "Mort de Nick Carter", nouvelle, in Anthologie de la Nouvelle Prose française, Chez Simon Kra, 1926. Édition en volume, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1983. Corps perdu, Paris, Au Sans Pareil, 1926. Première version du roman Le Cœur d'or (1927). Le Cœur d'or, Paris, Grasset, 1927. Le Nègre, Paris, Éd. du Sagittaire, 1927. Réédition, Gallimard, coll. "L'Imaginaire", 1997. Préface de Myriam Boucharenc. Les Dernières Nuits de Paris, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1928. Réédition, Gallimard, coll. "L'Imaginaire", 1997. Préface de Claude Leroy. Le Roi de la vie, Paris, Cahiers libres, 1928. Recueil de quatre récits. Le Roi de la vie et autres nouvelles. Recueil augmenté établi par l'auteur, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1992. Le Grand Homme, Paris, Kra, 1929. Les Moribonds, Paris, Rieder, coll. "Prosateurs français contemporains", 1934. Théâtre Vous m'oublierez, sketch ; S'il vous plaît, pièce en 3 actes, en collaboration avec André Breton, 1920 ; rééd. in: Les Champs magnétiques, Gallimard, 1967. Tous ensemble autour du monde. Pièce en 3 actes d'après un conte des frères Grimm. Alger, Charlot, 1943. La Prescription anonyme. Sketch, en coll. avec Isidore Bernhart, Lausanne, Eynard et Blanqui, 1947. Rendez-vous ! Mise en scène de Raymond Paquet, Compagnie dramatique d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, 1972 ; diffusé en 1973 sur la Troisième chaîne ; reprise en , Entrepôt Lainé, Bordeaux. À vous de jouer. Recueil de 5 pièces. Lyon, J.-M. Laffont, 1980. Essais Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie française. Établie par Ph. Soupault avec Léon Pierre-Quint, Francis Gérard et Mathias Lübeck. Paris, Aux Éditions du Sagittaire, Chez Simon Kra, 1924. Guillaume Apollinaire ou Reflets de l'incendie. Marseille, Les Cahiers du Sud, coll. "Critique", n° 3, 1926. Anthologie de la nouvelle prose française. Établie par P. Soupault avec Léon Pierre-Quint et Nino Frank. Paris, Aux Éditions du Sagittaire, Chez Simon Kra, 1926. Henri Rousseau, le Douanier, Éditions des Quatre-Chemins, 1927. William Blake. Paris, Rieder, coll. "Maîtres de l'art moderne", 1928. Terpsichore. Paris, Émile Hazan, coll. "Les Neuf Muses", 1928. Jean Lurçat, Éditions Cahiers d'Art, coll. "Les Peintres nouveaux", 1928. Paolo Uccello. Paris, Rieder, coll. "Maîtres de l'art ancien", 1929) Baudelaire. Paris, Rieder, 1931. Charlot. Paris, Plon, coll. "La Grande Fable : Chroniques des personnages imaginaires", n° 3, 1931. Souvenirs de James Joyce. Alger, Charlot, 1943. Eugène Labiche, sa vie, son œuvre. Paris, Sagittaire, 1945. Lautréamont. Paris, Seghers, coll. "Poètes d'aujourd'hui", n° 6, 1946. Alfred de Musset. Paris, Seghers, coll. "Poètes d'aujourd'hui", 1957. Comptines de langue française, anthologie, Paris, Seghers, 1961. Profils perdus. Paris, Mercure de France, 1963, 2015. L'Amitié. Hachette, 1965. Collection fantôme. Préface au catalogue de l'exposition de la galerie de Seine, Paris, 1973. Écrits de cinéma 1918-1931. Textes recueillis par Odette et Alain Virmaux. Paris, Plon, 1979. Écrits sur la peinture. Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1980. Un Sieur Rimbaud se disant négociant, ouvrage collectif. Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1984. Écrits sur l'art du . Édition établie et annotée par Serge Fauchereau. Paris, Éditions Cercle d'Art, coll. "Diagonales", 1994. Littérature et le reste 1919-1931. Édition établie par Lydie Lachenal. Préface d'Anne Egger. Paris, Gallimard, coll. "Les Cahiers de la NRF", 2006. Écrits autobiographiques L'Invitation au suicide, Imprimerie Birault, 1922. "Déposition", Paris, Les Cahiers du mois, n° 21/22, . Première version d' Histoire d'un Blanc (1927). Histoire d'un Blanc. Présentation de Louis Martin-Chauffier. Paris, Au Sans Pareil, coll. "Le Conciliabule des Trente", 1927. Le Temps des assassins. Histoire du détenu , New York, Éditions de la Maison Française, 1945. Journal d'un fantôme, illustrations de André Masson, Victor Brauner, Alexandre Alexeïeff, Mario Nissim, Henri-Jacques Dupuy, François Fossorier, Raoul Ubac, Félix Labisse, Paris, Éd. du Point du jour, 1946. Apprendre à vivre. Postface de J.-M. Laffont. Marseille, Rijois, 1977. Reprise partielle et augmentée d'Histoire d'un Blanc (1927). Vingt mille et un jours, entretiens avec Serge Fauchereau, Paris, Belfond, 1980. Mémoires de l'oubli (1914-1923) t. I, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1981. Prix Saint-Simon 1981. Mémoires de l'oubli (1923-1926) t. II, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1986. Mémoires de l'oubli (1927-1933) t. III, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1997. Dessins automatiques Il a tout au long de sa vie conservé la pratique, théorisé par le Mouvement surréaliste, des dessins automatiques, en lien avec ses expériences quotidiennes, comme les dessins de " souvenirs de cauchemars" des années 1985 et 86. Notes Voir aussi Bibliographie Monographies Myriam Boucharenc, L'Échec et son double. Philippe Soupault romancier, Paris, Champion, 1997. Myriam Boucharenc, L'Écrivain-reporter au cœur des années trente, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, Presses universitaires du Septentrion, coll. "Objet", 2004. Sylvie Cassayre, Poétique de l'espace et imaginaire dans l'œuvre de Philippe Soupault, Paris, Minard-Lettres modernes, 1997. Henri-Jacques Dupuy, Philippe Soupault, Paris, Seghers, coll. "Poètes d'aujourd'hui", n° 58, 1957. Serge Fauchereau, Philippe Soupault, voyageur magnétique, Paris, Cercle d'Art, 1989. Lydie Lachenal, Philippe Soupault, littérature et le reste, 1919-1931, Gallimard, Paris, 2006. Lydie Lachenal, Philippe Soupault, chronologie, Paris, Lachenal & Ritter, 1997. Claude Leroy, "Soupault Philippe", in Dictionnaire de poésie de Baudelaire à nos jours (dir. Michel Jarrety), Paris, PUF, 2001. Bernard Morlino, Philippe Soupault, qui êtes-vous?, Lyon, La Manufacture, 1987. Béatrice Mousli, Philippe Soupault, Paris, Flammarion, Grandes biographies, 2010. Ouvrages collectifs et revues Action poétique, , . Philippe Soupault, le poète (dir. Jacqueline Chénieux-Gendron), Paris, Klincksieck, 1992. Philippe Soupault, Europe, , . Portraits de Philippe Soupault, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1997. Présence de Philippe Soupault (dir. Myriam Boucharenc et Claude Leroy). Presses universitaires de Caen, 1999. Philippe Soupault. L'ombre frissonnante (dir. Arlette Albert-Birot et al.). Jean-Michel Place, 2000. Patiences et silences de Philippe Soupault (dir. Jacqueline Chénieux-Gendron). L'Harmattan, 2000. Articles connexes Radio Tunis Ré Soupault Liens externes The Digital Dada Library, some texts Philippe Soupault sur le site de l'INA Écrivain français du XXe siècle Dramaturge français du XXe siècle Mémorialiste français Mémorialiste du XXe siècle Nouvelliste français du XXe siècle Poète français du XXe siècle Romancier français du XXe siècle Poète surréaliste Dadaïste français Écrivain surréaliste Collaborateur de la Revue de Paris Collaborateur de la revue Europe Journaliste français du XXe siècle Écrivain voyageur français Personnalité liée au surréalisme Lauréat du grand prix de poésie de l'Académie française Lauréat du grand prix de littérature de la SGDL Naissance en août 1897 Décès en mars 1990 Naissance à Chaville Décès à 92 ans Décès dans le 16e arrondissement de Paris Naissance en Seine-et-Oise Personnalité inhumée au cimetière de Montmartre

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There is a Buddhist saying that goes: "Please attain Buddhism in your next lifetime by lighting a lantern in this life." The saying is being realized by many Buddhists this May, as they visit temples scattered around Korea to light lotus lanterns and celebrate Buddha's Birthday. Buddha's Birthday is celebrated annually on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month ― May 21 this year ― and the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism is gearing up for its annual Lotus Lantern Festival, or the Yeondeunghoe. Within the Buddhist religion, Buddha's Birthday is the biggest holiday among other events.

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Insurer to fund a sex worker for man injured in car crash A man argued that he should be able to opt out of the Queensland legal system. ©istockphoto/DNY59 Rae Wilson AN INSURER has agreed to fund a sex worker for a car crash victim with a traumatic brain injury but will not construct a purpose-built home or buy him a car. The 23-year-old, who APN has chosen not to name, spent almost a year at the Princess Alexandra Hospital recovering from injuries which left him with profound mobility, cognition, visual and communication impairments. He also has developed severe behavioural issues, consistent with a frontal lobe disorder, which have caused problems while rehabilitating at the Gympie Hospital and Sunshine Coast care facilities. The crash victim would act aggressively towards others, sometimes inappropriately in a sexualised way, which placed others at risk of physical harm. Compulsory third-party insurer Suncorp Metway is legally obligated to provide rehabilitation services to reasonably restore and optimise the man's physical or mental functions and quality of life because his injuries were sustained while he was a passenger in a car crash on September 20, 2011. The man's litigation guardian, who has acted as his mother since a young age, applied to the court for a purpose-built home, car and access to sex workers. Justice David Boddice, in a judgment handed down in Brisbane Supreme Court, said the man already received taxi vouchers to get around and the insurer was willing to pay for sex workers on specified conditions. He said the issue was whether the rehabilitation services were reasonable and appropriate for the crash victim. The man was in the Gympie Hospital from September last year until April this year when he had to be discharged for behavioural issues. He then went to a Sunshine Coast shared accommodation facility but again had to leave following "a serious incident involving another resident", though he was returned to the same provider at a different location with one-on-one care. Justice Boddice said once this accommodation option ceased, the man could go to a similar facility at Peregian Beach. He said there was conflicting information about the man's ability to live in shared accommodation and his vulnerabilities in a purpose-built facility. But Justice Boddice concluded the current one-on-one accommodation and care services were suitable, conceding they would likely need to be revisited in the future. sex worker insurance sex worker suncorp Premium Content 'Kids can be heard': The Southern Downs young gun of 2021 News This youngster has been recognised for her awesome achievements bringing new opportunities to town. CHECK OUT HER INSPIRING WORDS HERE: News This Granite Belt cafe is making big changes and turning the table on Covid-19...

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Get To Know GTM Clients & Industries Served 3 Corporate Tax Management Cost Saving Strategies to Consider Growing multinational companies juggle many tax responsibilities. Here are some tips for keeping all the balls in the air. Corporate Tax Services Annual and interim period provision support (including preparation or review). Federal, state and local, and international tax return preparation and review. Sales & Use Tax Compliance Tax Automation Tax software implementation, process enhancement, data management, collaboration, and emerging technology integration. Tax Consulting & Planning R&D Tax Credit 5 Things to Look for When Hiring a Corporate Tax Services Firm Co-Sourced Tax technical support to help perform core tax department functions on a recurring basis. Technology services, planning ideas, interim resources, or assistance with special projects. Dedicated tax resources to manage tax department functions and operations. Design, development, and transformation of your future tax department. Tax Co-Sourcing Re-Defined Internal resources may not be enough to cover all your tax needs. GTM's co-sourcing solution is the strategic and cost-effective alternative for your tax department. Tax Insights Open Positions at GTM College Recruiting & Internships The GTM Family Looking to make a difference and grow professionally? GTM is 100% employee owned and actively looking for tax talent at all levels to grow with us. Interested? Sign Up Now To Receive Tax Insights Sign up to receive the latest GTM News & Knowledge Global Tax Management Recognized Among Top 3 Best Places to Work in Pennsylvania 2020 WAYNE, PA (December 4, 2020) — Global Tax Management, Inc. (GTM) the largest firm in the Mid-Atlantic region focused exclusively on delivering corporate tax services, Global Tax Management Adds New York City-Based Managing Director Florham Park, NJ (November 10, 2020) Global Tax Management (GTM), the largest firm in the Mid-Atlantic region to focus exclusively on delivering corporate tax services, Global Tax Management Recognized Among Top Three Best Places to Work in NJ Specifically, GTM ranked second among the 48 companies recognized in the mid-size category. This is the first year that GTM was eligible to be recognized… Global Tax Management Launches R&D Tax Credit Services Practice GTM's R&D Tax Credit Services Practice focuses on R&D tax credits, incentives, and deductions at the federal, state, and international levels. Global Tax Management Named a Best Accounting Firm to Work For by Accounting Today GTM is ranked 8th among 55 best mid-sized firms ranked nationally. 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Карупано () — місто у венесуельському штаті Сукре. Адміністративний центр муніципалітету Бермудес. Є другим після столиці міським центром штату. Розташування Місто знаходиться на узбережжі Карибського моря, біля основи півостровів Арайя і Парія. Розташований в північно-східній частині регіону, в 120 км від міста Кумана. На південь від міста розташоване велике родовище сірки — Ель-Пілар. Карупано є торговим і рибальським портом по обслуговуванню районів та рибальські промисли на півострові Парія. Є харчові та керамічні підприємства. На експорт виробляються кава, какао, тютюн, шкіра та інша сільськогосподарська продукцію. Історія Поблизу Карупано знаходиться місце, де Христофор Колумб вперше ступив на американський континент. 2 червня 1816 року Сімон Болівар захопив порт після двогодинного бою з іспанцями і урочисто проголосив декрет про свободу рабів. У травні 1962 року Карупано був місцем недовгого військового заколоту проти уряду Ромуло Бетанкура, у якому взяло участь понад 500 осіб. Але вже через два дні урядові війська вступили в місто, і заколот був розгромлений. Однак «рух 4 травня» знайшов широкий відгук по всій країні. У липні 1997 року на території більшої частини країни, включно з Карупано, стався сильний землетрус. Населення Галерея Примітки Посилання Eine Reise nach Venezuela oder Kolumbien Міста Венесуели

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News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness Warwick Blood, Jane Pirkis, Catherine Francis his paper elaborates how contemporary communication and media theory can contribute toward the continuing development of national mental health and suicide prevention strategies and related public policy. The initial focus is on critical reviews of the existing international research literature and the underlying framework and methods used in an extensive monitoring study of Australian media reporting practices, which was funded by the then Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. We then describe how our research program has moved to investigations of the nature of medical and health professional, journalistic and lay discourses, including of those diagnosed with mental illness, about suicide and mental health. This research, necessarily independent of government, draws on risk and cultural theory. Agenda: a journal of policy analysis and reform http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p85081/pdf/11-3-NA-1.pdf Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Public Policy Medicine & Life Sciences Suicide Medicine & Life Sciences Communications Media Medicine & Life Sciences Mental Health Medicine & Life Sciences Blood, W., Pirkis, J., & Francis, C. (2004). News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness. Agenda: a journal of policy analysis and reform, 11(3), 273-287. http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p85081/pdf/11-3-NA-1.pdf Blood, Warwick ; Pirkis, Jane ; Francis, Catherine. / News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness. In: Agenda: a journal of policy analysis and reform. 2004 ; Vol. 11, No. 3. pp. 273-287. @article{4950b83acf5d4714a3f8da82193cc7e7, title = "News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness", abstract = "his paper elaborates how contemporary communication and media theory can contribute toward the continuing development of national mental health and suicide prevention strategies and related public policy. The initial focus is on critical reviews of the existing international research literature and the underlying framework and methods used in an extensive monitoring study of Australian media reporting practices, which was funded by the then Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. We then describe how our research program has moved to investigations of the nature of medical and health professional, journalistic and lay discourses, including of those diagnosed with mental illness, about suicide and mental health. This research, necessarily independent of government, draws on risk and cultural theory.", author = "Warwick Blood and Jane Pirkis and Catherine Francis", journal = "Agenda", Blood, W, Pirkis, J & Francis, C 2004, 'News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness', Agenda: a journal of policy analysis and reform, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 273-287. <http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p85081/pdf/11-3-NA-1.pdf> News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness. / Blood, Warwick; Pirkis, Jane; Francis, Catherine. In: Agenda: a journal of policy analysis and reform, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2004, p. 273-287. T1 - News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness AU - Blood, Warwick AU - Pirkis, Jane AU - Francis, Catherine N2 - his paper elaborates how contemporary communication and media theory can contribute toward the continuing development of national mental health and suicide prevention strategies and related public policy. The initial focus is on critical reviews of the existing international research literature and the underlying framework and methods used in an extensive monitoring study of Australian media reporting practices, which was funded by the then Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. We then describe how our research program has moved to investigations of the nature of medical and health professional, journalistic and lay discourses, including of those diagnosed with mental illness, about suicide and mental health. This research, necessarily independent of government, draws on risk and cultural theory. AB - his paper elaborates how contemporary communication and media theory can contribute toward the continuing development of national mental health and suicide prevention strategies and related public policy. The initial focus is on critical reviews of the existing international research literature and the underlying framework and methods used in an extensive monitoring study of Australian media reporting practices, which was funded by the then Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. We then describe how our research program has moved to investigations of the nature of medical and health professional, journalistic and lay discourses, including of those diagnosed with mental illness, about suicide and mental health. This research, necessarily independent of government, draws on risk and cultural theory. JO - Agenda JF - Agenda Blood W, Pirkis J, Francis C. News and Social Policy: Reporting of Suicide and Mental Illness. Agenda: a journal of policy analysis and reform. 2004;11(3):273-287.

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Puff Daddy to open charter school in Harlem News I By Miles BoweI 28.03.16 The mogul calls the plan "a dream come true for me". Puff Daddy has announced he will open a charter school in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. Capital Preparatory Harlem Charter School was founded in partnership with Capital Preparatory Schools and, after five years of development, it will open for its first term this fall. "I want to impact the lives of young people in my community, and build future leaders. The first step is offering access to a quality education," the rap star said in a press release. The school, located at 1 East 104th Street, is accepting applications for 6th and 7th grade before expanding up to 12th grade. Apply and learn more through their website. Puff Daddy's latest release was MMM, a new mixtape released on his birthday last year. [via Pitchfork] Tags: Puff Daddy 1 From Studio to Screen: Becoming a Composer 2 A beginner's guide to the history and hybridity of reggaeton 3 The 50 best albums of 2018 4 Nyege Nyege 2018: The world's best electronic music festival is in Uganda 5 How to build a modular synth: The ultimate Eurorack buyer's guide 6 The 50 Best Singles of 2018 7 MK The Plug and M1 On The Beat are UK drill's brightest hope 8 The essential... Italians Do It Better

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Reason said the curators were not interested in the kinds of videos people are barraged with when scrolling through social media—news clips, sports replays and the token cute kitten video. With this opportunity to do a video-only show, the curators wanted to choose from works "that were embracing the true characteristics of what video is as opposed to other media," Reason said. "So video in general, we narrowed it down to a few characteristics: moving images, passage of time, temporal existence and the creation of mood through sequence and framing," she added. Aside from the fun play on the Buggles song, Cozzens and Reason chose the title because cinema uses things like studio production, Hollywood characters, dialogue, narrative and plot; sometimes video art is looked at through a cinematic lens, and people are disappointed when they want to see a story be told or a character developed. But Reason said cinema and video art shouldn't be considered using the same criteria. "The videos we chose for this show kind of specifically ignore those paramounts of film, cinematic film," Reason said. She said that the first thing people will notice about the collection is the diversity in style, production, images and sounds.Everything from documented time to manipulation of color and image—including examples of the natural degradation of analog video processes—will be included in this exhibition. The collection will also include an interactive installation based off the concept of looking into the sky daydreaming, so turf and pillows will be brought in and the video will be projected onto the ceiling. "Cinema Killed the Video Star" opens at PUBLIC Gallery, 131 W. Main St., on Friday and runs through Feb. 21.

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Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola Con Gallery Of Armadi Ad Angolo Armadio Ad Angolo Con Cabina Armadi E Armadi Ad Angolo 1200x900px Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola is one of pictures thet are related with the picture before in the collection gallery. If you would like to see the Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola Con Gallery Of Armadi Ad Angolo Armadio Ad Angolo Con Cabina Armadi E Armadi Ad Angolo 1200x900px Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola in High Resolution [HD Resolution] version, please press the right click on picures/image then choose "Save as Image" option, and done. You will get Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola Con Gallery Of Armadi Ad Angolo Armadio Ad Angolo Con Cabina Armadi E Armadi Ad Angolo 1200x900px Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola pictures that you want. The exactly dimension of Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola Con Gallery Of Armadi Ad Angolo Armadio Ad Angolo Con Cabina Armadi E Armadi Ad Angolo 1200x900px Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola was 1200x900 pixels. You can also look for some pictures by collection on below this picture. Find the other picture or article about Idee Di Cabina Armadio Angolare Piccola Image Gallery here. We hope it can help you to get information of the picture.

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I'm working several weeks at each crochet project. The idea comes first, then I crochet piece by piece and note simultaneously a first draft. Afterwards the mostly illegible notes are transfered into a comprehensive guide. Then I select the pieces I want to show on this blog, photograph and assamble them in an article. It's a lot of work, but I am learning more and more and finally I am a proud and happy about it. Comments are a great bonus. It is good to know that others enjoy the crochet project too. Thank you!

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Métis Rights Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, protects the existing Aboriginal rights of the "aboriginal peoples of Canada", which includes the Métis. Aboriginal rights are modern-day practices, customs or traditions that are integral to Indigenous communities today and have their roots in the community's practices, customs and traditions prior to contact with explorers and traders arriving from Europe. Although traceable to pre-contact practices, the practice protected today will not be frozen in its historical form, and have evolved into a more modern practice. In the 2003 case of R v Powley, [2003] 2 SCR 207 (SCC), the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed in the Métis hold Aboriginal rights protected by section 35. The Court has not yet addressed the issue of whether the Métis can hold Aboriginal title, or established the tests for establishing Métis title. Once a modern-day Aboriginal right is established through negotiation or litigation by a particular Indigenous community, the right is protected by s. 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. This means that federal and provincial governments will only be able to affect or limit the right if they can justify doing so in accordance with strict legal tests. The courts have also, through the articulation of the duty to consult, provided Indigenous communities with tools to protect their claimed Aboriginal interests in land pending establishment of rights through negotiations or litigation. Westaway Law Group has experience litigating claims for Aboriginal rights, at various levels of court, as well as with negotiations of modern treaties, and other agreements for Métis communities aimed at effectively translating their title claims into concrete benefits for their communities. We can help Indigenous entities with: Legal research and drafting of Special Claim submissions for recognition of rights. Legal advice to assist with the development (and protection) of business opportunities on reserve or in areas subject to Aboriginal rights claims. Legal and strategic advice on negotiation strategies relating to consultation protocols, Economic Benefit Agreements in relation to particular development projects, or broader relationship agreements with governments or Industry aimed at least in part at managing Aboriginal title rights through consultation, such as Strategic Engagement Agreements, Reconciliation Protocols, Incremental Treaty Agreements, or Sectoral Agreements. Legal advice on governance matters, which can help to position Indigenous entities to participate in negotiations and better control the development of their lands. Claims that a duty to consult and/or accommodate has been triggered in the context of particular development projects. > R v Van der Peet, [1996] 2 SCR 507 (SCC) > R v Côté, [1996] 3 SCR 139 (SCC) > R v Adams, [1996] 3 SCR 101 (SCC) > R v Powley, [2003] 2 S.C.R. 207 (SCC) > Haida Nation v British Columbia (Minister of Forests), [2004] SCR 511 (SCC) > Lax Kw'alaams Indian Band v Canada (Attorney General), 2011 SCC 56

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- Revenue during the quarter grew by 13% Y-o-Y in Q2FY19 from Rs. 1,375 mn to Rs. 1,557 mn. Revenue for H1 FY19 grew by 23% Y-O-Y from Rs. 2,798 mn to Rs. 3,434 mn. - Durga Puja and Navaratra festivals during FY18 were celebrated in September vis-�-vis in October for FY19. This has led to shift in festival demand from H1 to H2 in FY19 as compared to FY18. We have significant presence in Eastern and North eastern part wherein major demand is witnessed during festival time. Hence, the figures may not be comparable. - Gross Profit for the quarter increased from Rs. 429 mn to Rs. 463 mn. Gross margins for the quarter declined from 31.2% to 29.8%. Gross Profit for the Half year increased from Rs. 875 mn to Rs. 1,093 mn. Gross margins for the Half year increased from 31.3% to 31.8%. - EBIDTA for the quarter declined by 179% Y-o-Y in Q2FY19 from Rs. 100 mn to Rs. (79) mn. EBIDTA for the Half year declined by 53% Y-o-Y in H1FY19 from Rs. 254 mn to Rs. 100 mn. - Profit / (Loss) Before Tax (PBT) declined from Rs. 81 mn in Q2FY18 to Rs. (317) mn in Q2 FY19. Profit / (Loss) Before Tax (PBT) for H1 FY19 declined from Rs. 219 mn to Rs. (139) mn. - Profit / (Loss) After Tax (PAT) declined from Rs. 50 mn in Q1FY18 to Rs. (185) mn in Q2 FY19. Profit / (Loss) After Tax (PAT) for H1 FY19 declined from Rs. 137 mn to Rs. (73) mn. - Exceptional items amounting to Rs. 253 mn for the quarter and period ended 30 September 2018, represents one time settlement amount which the Company has agreed to pay the lenders for relinquishing their Right of Recompense (ROR) for the sacrifices made by them in Financial year 2010-2011 under the Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) package vide Master Restructuring Agreement (MRA) entered into in November, 2010. The Company has vide letter dated 21 August 2018 to the lenders offered to pay above said amount upto 28 February 2019. - Other income includes gain of Rs. 46 mn on Sale of CCD of TPG Wholesale Private Limited. - The Net amount payable by the company is approx Rs. 220 mn after adjusting sale value of CCD, FDR and other related matters with the CDR lenders. CDR lenders have agreed to release all the securities held by them and shall not raise any claim of whatsoever nature against the company in terms of the MRA after payment of the said amount. - The Company has opened 8 new stores during the quarter Q2FY19. - The Company operates 70 stores spread across 17 states and 65 cities with a total retail area in excess of 8 lac Sq. Ft. Commenting on the results and performance, Mr. Ram Chandra Agarwal, Chairman & Managing Director said: "At V2 Retail, we believe that continuous improvement in technology and processes are important for any organisation to attain sustained growth. As a part of the expansion strategy, the Company added 8 new stores during the Quarter taking the total count to 70 stores spread across 17 states. We believe that the momentum should continue in the coming quarters also. Our focus will be Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities as we see a large potential there. The festive demand which commences with Durga Puja and Navratara followed by Diwali and wedding season post that, all of which are likely to translate into healthy growth. We have significant presence in Eastern and North East part of the country, where historically the demand during this period has been on a higher side. We are all set to take advantage of the season and have also invested in inventories to cater to the spurt in demand. The Indian consumer is evolving with respect to habits, lifestyles, tastes and preferences. Our dedicated team of experts are continuously on job trying to understand the consumer needs through market research and keep churning our product basket as per needs of the consumer." Shares of V2 RETAIL LTD. was last trading in BSE at Rs.295.35 as compared to the previous close of Rs. 300.25. The total number of shares traded during the day was 16254 in over 391 trades. The stock hit an intraday high of Rs. 308 and intraday low of 290. The net turnover during the day was Rs. 4864673.

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We interview The Nenettes' general manager and owner, Eve Ricard, and Head Chef Emilie Fuller. The Nenettes is a Bistro that serves French comfort food in a nice an cosy environment. Eve comes from a big family of 5 kids and her mum is a great cook who inspired the actual menu. Eve Ricard is also the General Manager, she is French and has been working in hospitality for 18 years with experience in Club Gascon, Oxo Tower, The Forge and Market Café. She felt that is was time to open her restaurant and give it her touch. Emilie Fuller has worked as a chef for 10 years. She started her career in Brighton, at Terre à Terre. After a year she moved to London. She has worked with Mark Hix for 3 years and also at Bistro Tech and Market Café where she met Eve. Menu is created in collaboration between Eve and Emile with sporadic calls to Eve's mum. They research in France where they travel often together to keep up to date with new trends and source best quality ingredients. Les Nenettes offers seasonal traditional dishes with a little modern twist. There is always a "Plat de jour" depending on what is freshest. Ingredients are sourced from France and also from local produce in the UK. They try to support the community in the area: a good example of this is their salmon which is bought from Secret Smoke House at London Fields. Their goal is to keep growing and maintaining the quality and authenticity of their dishes.

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UK/Tubby/Coach Clyde…some thoughts I saw this quote on a Kentucky Wildcat message board, and i just had to comment, because i thought it was PERFECT statement about the state of UK and Tubby and coach BCG… "I appreciate the fact that Tubby has demonstrated the ability to take an outmanned squad and play a style and make the adjustments necessary to enable him to win more games than Coach Gillispie has so far. However, I appreciate even more the fact that Coach Gillispie is busy working to make sure we don't have to put outmanned squads on the court any more." i saw that, and it just crystallized exactly what the situation is. i don't think there's any question that Tubby was good at getting the best out of "what he had available", but he was just never able to make it so that "what he had available" was the caliber of player that should be playing at Kentucky. instead of being an "elite Kentucky team", we became a "surprising Georgia team"…a team that wasn't really talked about in the top 10 each year…a team that you knew would win at least 20 games and make the tournament…a team that nobody expected to advance very far once they got to thetournament, but would give most any team on the court on any given night a run for their money…occasionally pulling out a "surprise win". there should be no "surprise wins" in Kentucky basketball. we, as fans, were made to look like idiots by the national media for not thinking that 26 wins/season was sufficient…but last time i checked, it takes more than 26 wins/season to make it to the Final 4, or the Championship game. so what is wrong with wanting more? EXPECTING more? nothing at all. so i say Thank You to Tubby for running a clean program and always making sure he got the most out of "what he had available", and i think the folks in Minnesota will be happy with him for years to come…. i think Tubby will produce lots of "surprising Minnesota teams.." …but i think BCG will be reintroducing us UK fans to the return of "elite Kentucky teams". Tubby was (and still is) excellent at making young men overachieve, and he will continue to do that at Minnesota…and they will love him there for it. but BCG will bring in a higher caliber of player, and will be able to extract the most out of THOSE players, which should lead to better days ahead. i just hate the abuse that UK fans have taken in the national media over the whole situation with Tubby. if they actually took the time to talk to most UK fans, i think they'd be surprised to find out that even though most of us felt like it was best when he decided to move on, most of us also agree that he is an OUTSTANDING coach and motivator, and we wish him nothing but the best at Minnesota. however, we get cast as "rabid" and "unreasonable" for simply wanting more out of a program that has produced more in the past. we were a convenient choice to pick on, but i can list a handful of other schools whose fans would have been foaming at the mouth if they were "only" winning 26 games/season. i just don't think it is unreasonable to continue to expect excellence and domination from a program that has its foundations built upon excellence and domination. on the contrary, i think it would be unreasonable to NOT expect it, at this point. why should be we complacent and content with 26 wins and a 2nd round NCAA tournament exit each year, when UK is considered one of THE premier college basketball teams of ALL time? i think that we have a coach now who is more concerned about this team winning than whether we all get to be his pal or think he's a swell guy…and that is not intended as a bash on Tubby…just stating a fact. this man lives, breathes, eats, and sleeps this game, just like many of us do. in fact, i wouldn't be surprised if he isn't the least bit annoyed at how impatient the fans are becoming…he might be more surprised if we weren't a bit jumpy right now. so if Tubby's team makes it to the NCAA tournament this year, and UK does not, i fully expect the national media to jump on that story and shove it down our throats every chance they get, but if they'd take the time to actually talk to us (or actually use what any of the non-exteremist fans have to say)…i think they'd find a state filled with people who, for the most part, are rooting for the "surprising Minnesota team"….while awaiting the imminent arrival of the elite Kentucky team. Banner, Opinions

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Jeffery R. Webber Life in Brazil after Dilma Opposing the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff can't mean forgetting the tragedy of the Workers Party in power. Impasse in Ecuador Left and indigenous forces in Ecuador are trying to build an alternative to both President Rafael Correa and the right. Jeffery R. Webber and Susan Spronk February traumas in Venezuela The counter-revolutionary right is on the offensive in Venezuela. The question the left must answer is: How can we push back? What is Hugo Chávez's legacy? To his wealthy and light-skinned enemies, he was evil incarnate. To many of Venezuela's poor, he was one of their own. Behind Chávez's election win Hugo Chávez's election victory is a blow to Venezuela's right and a setback for U.S. interests in the region. So what comes next? Todd Gordon and Jeffery R. Webber Paraguay's parliamentary coup A soft coup has ousted center-left President Fernando Lugo in Paraguay and replaced him with a long-time political enemy. Honduras after Zelaya's return A report from Honduras explains what's next for the resistance movement after former President Manuel Zelaya's return. Interview: Jeffery R. Webber Rebellion and reform in Bolivia Since the election of Bolivia's President Evo Morales in 2005, the country's social movements have taken a back seat to slower reform measures. Voices of Venezuela's struggle Venezuelan socialists discuss their views on the contradictions and prospects of the Bolivarian process as the struggle reaches a crossroads. Potosí's revolt against poverty The streets of the city of Potosí in southeastern Bolivia are desolate after several weeks of a general strike and popular revolt against poverty.

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JeanGa & George are composers, producers and music enthusiasts with strange and indecipherable accents. Their taste in music is as wide as the Amazon and covers everything from Georgian choirs to Detroit Techno, African folk and Belgian New Beat. The music they make themselves is based on electronic repetitions, melodic idiosyncrasies and their strong sense of being European. Support for Sunscreen video from DJ Mag France, Earmilk, Last Gas Station, Brain Magazine. Last Gas Station: "sunny vibes with their superb first single 'Sunscreen'" Silver Soundz "excellent first track" Earmilk "An off-kilter track leaning towards the dancefloor."

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GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. (KKCO/KJCT) -- A Grand Junction Girl Scout is working to make sure families can make healthy food choices without spending a lot of money. Kyra TerLouw partnered with the Grand Junction Community Food Bank to give vegetable container gardening kits to those in need. Those kits allow families who are struggling to grow healthy food anywhere. The kits include everything you need to grow a variety of plants along with nutritional information and a 'how to' brochure. She hopes it will help families with little resources make healthy food choices. "My goal is that they can teach their children, or neighbors, to grow their own fruits and vegetables in order to inspire them to eat healthier," TerLouw said. "And container gardening is actually kind of a stress reliever, at least to me it is, so have some family fun." TerLouw is working to get her gold award in the process, it's the highest honor in Girl Scouts.

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(A) The last sentence of 12-205, beginning with "the" and ending with "act,", 12-605, 12-605.1. 24-5-2 EXCESSIVE NOISE – STOPPED VEHICLE. No operator of a motor vehicle shall, when the motor vehicle is stopped, unreasonably accelerate the engine thereof with the gears of the vehicle in neutral, thereby, causing an unreasonably loud or excessive noise. 24-5-3 SAME; WHEELS. No operator of a motor vehicle shall, when the motor vehicle is stopped, accelerate the engine with the gears of such vehicle in neutral and while so accelerating the engine, shift the gears of the vehicle into a forward or reverse movement, thereby causing an unreasonably loud noise with the drive wheels of the vehicle. 24-5-4 SAME; SQUEALING TIRES. No operator of a motor vehicle shall accelerate the engine thereof when shifting the gears of such vehicle in such a manner as to cause the rear wheels of such vehicle to spin violently, thereby causing an unreasonably loud or excessive noise. 24-5-5 MUFFLER. No motor vehicle shall be operated on any street unless such vehicle is provided with a muffler in efficient actual working condition; and the use of a cut-out is prohibited. No muffler shall cause an unreasonably loud or excessive noise. 24-5-6 RECKLESS, NEGLIGENT OR CARELESS DRIVING. It shall be unlawful to operate any vehicle in the Village in a careless, reckless, negligent or wanton manner, or carelessly so as to endanger life or property. 24-5-7 EXCESSIVE NOISE WHILE DRIVING. No operator of a motor vehicle shall, when operating the vehicle, accelerate the vehicle or rapidly stop the vehicle causing an unreasonably loud noise.

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Newswise — BALTIMORE, MD – As interest in concussion rates and prevention strategies at all levels continues to grow, one population that appears to have increasing head injury rates is collegiate football players. Research presented today at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's (AOSSM) Annual Meeting in Baltimore highlights that the concussion rate in three college football programs has doubled in recent years. "We monitored concussions at three service academies in the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 football seasons, and saw the combined number of reports increased from 23 to 42 in this timespan," noted Kelly G. Kilcoyne, MD, lead author from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Washington, DC.

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Птолемаи́да Кире́нская, Птолемаида из Кирены () — древнегреческий теоретик музыки, жила ориентировочно в III веке до н. э. Первая известная женщина-музыковед. Единственное упоминание — с цитатами её работы «Пифагорейские основы музыки» — находится у Порфирия в комментарии к «Гармонике» Птолемея. Из фрагментов, опубликованных Порфирием (комментарии к I,2 Птолемея), очевидно, что работа написана в жанре катехизиса, упрощённого изложения основных понятий пифагорейской теории музыки. Рассматривая традиции античной гармоники, Птолемаида объясняет различие между гармониками аристоксеновской и пифагорейской школ. Суть этого различия в подходе каждой из школ к дилемме чувства и разума. Для гармоника-аристоксеника первично чувство: Чувство они рассматривали как главное, разум же — как сопутствующее, коль скоро от него есть польза. Естественно, что логические принципы канона у них не всегда согласуются с чувством. Для гармоника-пифагорейца, наоборот, первичен разум, только он один рассматривается как критерий истинного знания: Пифагор и его преемники предпочитают видеть в чувстве что-то вроде проводника на первых порах для разума. Чувство передаёт ему как бы искорки, а он, разожжённый от них, ведёт уже исследование сам, отдельно от чувства. Даже если результат, полученный разумом, более не согласуется с чувством, пифагорейцы не отступаются, а заявляют, что чувство заблуждается, разум же сам нашёл правильное и опровергает чувство. Литература Andrew Barker. Greek musical writings. Vol. 2. Cambridge, 1989. Eleonora Rocconi. Un manuale al femminile: L'Introduzione pitagorica alla musica di Tolemaide di Cirene // Ars/Techne, ed. Maria Silvana Celentano. Alessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso, 2003. I.M. Plant (ed. and trans.). Women writers of ancient Greece and Rome: an anthology. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. Flora R. Levin. Greek reflections on the nature of music. Cambridge, 2009. Персоналии по алфавиту Учёные III века до н. э. Теоретики музыки Первые женщины в профессии Писатели Древней Греции Женщины-философы Древней Греции

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The Nokia Lumia Icon has finally become official, after a long period of speculation and leaks. The handset is coming on February 20th and the price is detailed after the break, together with the hardware details of the newcomer. The handset integrates a 5 inch Full HD screen, making this the highest density phone with Windows Phone out there. At the back we find a 20 megapixel Pureview camera and four directional microphones, just like those on the Lumia 1520. Some people have called this model the Nokia Lumia 1520 Mini and they may be right. The phone has wireless charging built in, NFC, Bluetooth 4.0, 32 GB of storage and a 2.2 GHz quad core Snapdragon 800 CPU. Finally, there's a 2420 mAh battery under the hood and the entire package weighs 167 grams. Nokia Lumia Icon has a plastic housing and metal bands on the sides. This product will cost $199 on a 2 year contract on Verizon.

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Joseph R. Chinnici Appointed to T/R Systems Board of Directors ATLANTA--Aug. 8, 2002--T/R SYSTEMS, INC., a leader in developing innovative solutions for the management and production of digital documents, announced that Joseph R. Chinnici has been appointed to the Company's Board of Directors. "We are delighted that Joe has agreed to join the Board," said Mike Kohlsdorf, President and CEO. "He brings a wealth of financial and business experience to T/R and we look forward to working with him." Mr. Chinnici is currently Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of CIENA Corporation, a leading provider of intelligent optical networking systems and software. Mr. Chinnici joined CIENA shortly after its founding in 1994, serving initially as Controller. In May of 1995 he became Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer, a position he held until August of 1997, at which time he assumed his current role. He served on the board of directors for OTG Software, a leading provider of data storage, data access and email management solutions, until its recent acquisition by Legato Systems, Inc. He holds a B.S. degree in accounting from Villanova University and an M.B.A. from Southern Illinois University. Mr. Chinnici is replacing Peter Sealey as a member of the Board of Directors, due to Mr. Sealey's recent retirement.

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News Sports Entertainment Lifestyle Opinion USA TODAY Obituaries Legals Clinton Johnson appointed U.S. Attorney Pawhuska Journal-Capital TULSA – U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed Clinton J. Johnson as the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Oklahoma effective Dec. 26, 2021. Chief U.S. District Judge John F. Heil III administered the oath of office. "I am privileged to serve the people of northeastern Oklahoma and to lead an exceptional team of attorneys and support staff dedicated to ensuring the public's safety," said U.S Attorney Clint Johnson. "The U.S. Attorney's Office remains committed to working closely with our local, state, federal and tribal partners in the pursuit of justice in the Northern District of Oklahoma." Johnson previously began a term appointment as the Acting U.S. Attorney on March 1, 2021, under the Vacancies Reform Act. That term appointment expired on December 25, 2021. Under the Attorney General's Dec. 26, 2021, appointment, Johnson now serves as the United States Attorney for a term of 120 days or until a presidentially appointed U.S. Attorney is in place. Johnson is the chief federal law enforcement officer responsible for all federal criminal prosecutions and civil litigation involving the United States in the Northern District of Oklahoma, an area covering 11 counties and including 13 federally recognized Indian tribes. He leads a staff of more than 100 attorneys and support personnel to accomplish this mission. He has also held the position of First Assistant U.S. Attorney where he supervised the criminal, civil, and administrative divisions for the Northern District of Oklahoma. He further managed the agency's budget and resources and took an active role in the hiring of personnel and expansion of office space as the U.S. Attorney's Office was required to grow dramatically to fulfill its public safety mission. Johnson is a career federal prosecutor with 26 years of experience. He has investigated and prosecuted violent felonies, white-collar offenses, public corruption, drug and gun-related crimes, and human trafficking in the Northern District of Oklahoma. Previously, he served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney and Deputy Branch Chief in the District of New Mexico. For more information about the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Oklahoma, please visit https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndok. Contact Us Support Local Business Advertise Your Business Advertising Terms and Conditions Buy and Sell Licensing & Reprints Help Center My Account Give Feedback Subscribe Today Newsletters Archives © 2022 www.pawhuskajournalcapital.com. All rights reserved.

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After you've decided which of these you'd like its easy because they all come in glass or plastic versions and all three can be bought with or without UV filtering. However for the scientifically minded amongst you here is a little more detail and our menu of 'good' 'better' and 'best' glass options. Anti-Reflective Glass: Tru Vue Water White AR Reflection-Free® glass offers amazing clarity, but does not provide Conservation Grade UV Protection. It allows over 97% light transmission and reduces reflections to less than 1%. Deeply framed artwork, such as multiple-mount and box frames, require reflection-free viewing. Tru Vue meets this need using a manufacturing process called 'magnetron sputtering'. This advanced technology deposits precisely controlled layers of highly energized metal oxides onto an Extra Clear lower iron substrate. The result is consistent, durable quality and the most attractive display for artwork. Provides the highest brightness and contrast levels available. Good in the controlled lighting conditions for which it is intended, but where bad glare and harsh lighting is the problem it's better to use diffused reflection glass. Conservation Clear® picture framing glass offers the highest level of UV protection. Over time exposure to indoor and outdoor UV light rays can contribute to fading and deterioration of art, photographs and other important personal keepsakes. Conservation Clear glass effectively blocks up to 99% of UV light rays to protect against fading and help keep framed pieces brighter, longer. Use where reflection free viewing is not essential. Acrylic & Styrene Plastic Glazing: Clear cast acrylic is a good quality, lightweight and shatter-resistant glazing material. Ideal for larger frames or where safety is a consideration. Styrene is useful for smaller jobs, but can have issues of static and scratching.

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BRANDING DENIAL: Branding? Branding doesn't matter. My product will sell itself. BRANDING PROCRASTINATION: I'm too busy to think about branding. I'll work on my brand after I launch my website and things calm down. BRANDING CHEAPNESS: I paid some guy 20 bucks for a logo. That's good enough. BRANDING CONFUSION: I know branding is important, but there's so much information out there and so many online classes that I feel overwhelmed. If you're on one of these paths (or about to head down one of them) we've got good news for you: Chapter 2 Creative is here to help you get on the right path. We want you to have the most successful business or blog possible. That may mean some hand holding, and it also might mean some tough love. But we are committed to raising the bar on the quality of business and blogger branding. Let's look at the different branding-avoidance paths and the path you should consider instead. There are some anti-branding folks that offer a misguided analysis as to why they think branding is not important. There are also misguided folks who think the cheaper the better, because, after all, it's just a stupid logo. Who really cares about a logo? Sell a great product or service and your logo will be irrelevant. Right? First, branding goes far beyond your logo or colors and typography. Branding is the entire experience you provide your customers. And where does your customer's experience usually start? On your website. And your website is where your brand visuals—logos, colors, typography, images, and copy—must immediately shine, impress, and sell, because once they land on your site, your potential customers will spend less than 10 seconds evaluating whether they want to stay or bounce. So imagine if a potential customer landed on your site and saw that your name or logo was meaningless or disjointed or boring or inconsistent with what you were selling. Imagine if you chose unpleasant colors and unreadable fonts. Imagine if your "voice" used offensive language and had a jarring tone. Imagine if you had spelling and punctuation and grammar mistakes throughout your copy. It bears repeating: The experience you provide your customers is your brand. Your brand is what they think of and feel about you. We are pretty sure to do not want your customers to think of your business as meaningless, disjointed, boring, inconsistent, unpleasant, unreadable, offensive, jarring, and error-filled. You control the signs and signals to your customers to make sure that does not happen through your branding. Second, investing in branding will create the best possible first impression for your customers so they stay on your site and think of your business as meaningful, cohesive, entertaining, consistent, pleasant, compelling, enjoyable, smooth, and error-free. And yes, that means creating a memorable, unique, engaging logo too. make you PROUD, which in turn will EMPOWER you and MOTIVATE you to continue providing the best experience for your audience. Bottom line: don't wait to brand your business. The ability to attract, retain, engage, and wow your audience will take far less effort if you have a stellar brand to compliment your hard work. But if you're not in a position to invest in one-on-one brand consulting and design work, a less expensive alternative might work for you: In-house branding (sometimes known as DIY branding). It can be an efficient, cost-friendly option for small or start-up businesses looking to create a unique and memorable brand. Even larger corporations can benefit from in-house branding. In fact, the multi-million dollar non-profit that Corey worked for asked her to rebrand the company—a move that allowed the company to keep the rebranding effort in-house and obtain a stellar brand, all while saving many thousands of dollars. Of course, unless you understand branding and design principles, you will have a hard time getting it right. And your brand is way too important to get it wrong. Which is why if you plan to do branding work in-house, following a quality step-by-step online branding course can make the branding process manageable. And, if the course is done right, you will end up with a tremendously valuable asset you can use to connect with your audience. Learn how to brand and design your business or blog through online courses and classes. Doing nothing is not recommended. And piecemealing information from across the internet to create a brand can help, but is time consuming and can simply result in more confusion and overwhelm. Hiring a competent branding and design professional can be the easiest solution. There are many options; be sure to do your homework to find someone who will be able to provide you what you need. Here at Chapter 2 Creative, we are certainly happy to talk to you about all your branding or rebranding needs and find a cost-effective solution to your needs. We offer a variety of packages and à la carte services with special packages and pricing for bloggers and nonprofits. For significantly less cost, you can keep your branding in-house by following a step-by-step branding course/program. A brand course can be an excellent cost-effective method to create a brand (or help you rebrand if you already have an under-performing brand). We will be offering a comprehensive brand course in 2019 that may fit your needs and budget. If you feel overwhelmed, contact us. We can help you come up with a plan for your brand. At Chapter 2 Creative, we are committed to making sure the branding and design process is not overwhelming. Peruse our blog, and email us with questions you may have about branding, design, blogging, writing, or anything else. If you are ready to jump into one-on-one branding and design, take a look at our pricing and give us a shout. If you think a branding course may be your best solution, we can't wait to tell you more about our upcoming brand course. We are here to help! Are you on a branding-avoidance path? Let us know in the comments below your biggest roadblocks to creating an awesome brand for your business or blog.

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Als je ouder wordt The COVID 19 pandemic MiLB's national partners mei 20, 2020 Uncategorized In times of uncertainty, coming together to help others is crucial to the health, well-being and stability of our local communities, Pat O'Conner, MiLB president and CEO, said via the league. He is building a team.We are not friendly. It's more like a football match. BJ: We are asking people to submit their most interesting and emotional game faces to our Facebook site, and we will pick the best to run alongside Dwight, Derrick, Katy Perry in a commercial that will air during the . Kitkja Laska G Latvia Seattle Storm 12. Chennedy Carter G Texas A&M Atlanta Dream 5. According to the from NewZoo, a San Francisco-based firm that focuses on the category, brands are expected to spend $128 million on eSports sponsorships and another $197 million on advertising around video content in 2016. Since then the American League has won seven of ten All-Star Games, although the National League has won the last three. Mikiah Herbert F South Carolina Minnesota Lynx 7. The Jazz jerseys will have patches for 5 For The Fight, a philanthropic effort by Qualtrics founders Scott and Ryan Smith to fund cancer research. Henry RUggs II WR Alabama Las Vegas Raiders 13. He survived that accident to become a top-notch high school player in Pennsylvania . On behalf of everyone at WWE, we thank Governor Murphy and all of our partners for bringing WrestleMania back home, said Vince McMahon, WWE Chairman & CEO. Satou custom jerseys F Oregon Dallas Wings 3. MiLB's national partners, including BAM Live, ECHO Incorporated, Guardian Protection, ISM Connect, Nationwide, Satisfi Labs, Screenvision, Stouffer's, and Uncle Ray's, are part of the campaign. Mekhi Becton T Louisville New York Jets 12. Or bush, as in Bush League, Robinson replies. African World Cup Qualifier. That's a big area of opportunity and one that we will take advantage of as we move forward. Tyasha Harris G South Carolina Dallas Wings 8. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B086KSFPGW The NBA told its teams it is targeting no earlier than May 8 for the possible opening of training facilities in some areas but that it may push this timing back if developments warrant. Advertisers know that integrating their brands in front of Olympic viewers is good for their businesses. Clyde Edwards RB LSU Kansas City Chiefs WNBA 2020 DRAFT 1. Replacement tickets or barcodes may be issued at the sole discretion of Sharks. C.J.Henderson CB Florida Jacksonvill Jaguars 10. • MiLB has launched MiLB CommUNITY First, a national initiative developed in conjunction with Feeding America to raise funds for local food banks and to honor individuals risking their lives on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. 5 • Super https://www.amazon.com/dp/B085HGM2H3 LVIII Mercedes-Benz Superdome New Orleans Feb. He's the total package, said Redskins head coach Jay Gruden. NYRR said that Michael Capiraso, currently NYRR's COO, would become president and CEO. NYSJ: BitPay has an alliance with the NBA's Sacramento Kings and recently signed a three-year deal with ESPN Events for title sponsorship to the college football Bitcoin St. James is among a group of athletes currently appearing in a marketing-awareness campaign for STEM. Jordan Love QB Utah State Green Bay Packers 27. Katelyn Ohashi By Barry Janoff July 15: Bad news for Major League Baseball: Only 34% of people say they follow the sport, down from 41% in 2009 and the lowest such figure since 2004. You can say something that can hurt you. Friday, Feb. IGN Esports Today airs live every weekday on the SiriusXM Bleacher Report Radio channel, offering news, analysis and insight and advice from notable eEports competitors. I feel like it has been a silver lining, this whole suspension. We want to show them that we cover the entire range of tennis and lifestyles, which should be a strong reason for them to stay with us. Strasburg has been using a Nike Diamond Elite 1200 glove, he wears Nike cleats and the Nike Swoosh was visible on his under-jersey collar throughout the seven innings. ← Unit ranked second in the NFL allowing Oregon chicago sky 9 megan walker connecticut new york liberty →

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Fun House Entertainment frontier artiste DON OK begins his 2018 account with this impressive single entitled "JUST BELIEVE". DON OK has received recommendations from several industry heavyweights and he's without doubt, one of the next newbies to do it big in 2018. He promises to keep putting out quality sound and dope lyrics to his fans.

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This new series of Instructional cards with many art examples and diagrams illustrate each concept. They can be displayed in the classroom or art room and will help students learn the Elements of Art and Principles of Design. The set of fourteen cards reinforces these basic concepts to provide instant student reference and includes Line, Shape, Color, Value, Form, Texture, Space, Balance, Contract, Emphasis, Movement, Pattern, Rhythm, and Unity. Special Feature: The 18" x 6" cards are scored so that they can be folded and used as Flash Cards for quizzes and testing. They are printed in full color on durable card stock. Set of 14 cards. Bring creativity into the classroom using Everyday Art for the Classroom Teacher for grades 4 and up! This 144-page resource book features short arts and crafts activities designed for a busy classroom. The book includes more than 110 seasonal projects and activities, and most of the projects require only standard school supplies. Handmade art projects include these creative activities: class election tags, a color wheel, a dreidel, holiday tetrahedrons, and stained glass butterflies. This book is a perfect addition to any hands-on class. Includes 144 pages. For grades 4-8, ages 9-14. Brand : CRYSTAL PRODUCTIONS CO. This set of 16 cards features encouraging, inspiring, and supportive words for artists of any age. Some of the words of advice are: "Tell your story in pictures and everyone will understand," "Let your artwork be your journal," and "The best art is never finished." The cards are printed on durable cardstock so they will continue to inspire for years. 16 art display cards, 18 x 6 inches. Over 200 color illustrations show easy step-by-step instructions for drawing and painting with paper, ceramics, printmaking, and sculpture. These art projects were created for elementary students to engage them in the creative process, build confidence and self-esteem, and facilitate their creation of artwork. 112 pages, spiral bound. This color wheel provides a unique reference to color concepts and color schemes. Specially designed for classroom display. It is 24" x 18" printed on durable card stock and laminated. Corner holes provide an easy means for display. Inner wheel rotates to show analogous, complementary, and triadic schemes plus warm and cool colors. Fine art reproductions show how master artists used color schemes in their work. Color concepts including hue, chroma, value, tints, tones, and shades are explained with special diagrams. Colorful, graphic posters take the mystery out of the elements of art and principles of design. Informative text and vivid illustrations help your students develop their knowledge. Elements of Art posters cover Line, Shape, Form, Color, Space, Texture and Value. Principles of Design posters cover Balance, Contrast, Emphasis, Pattern, and Unity. Printed on cardstock and laminated. 14 posters, 17 x 22 inches each. This comprehensive full-color teacher resource book makes teaching art to young students a joy, not a hassle. Easy-to-teach, easy-to-follow lessons cover the seven elements of art: line, shape, color, value, texture, form, and space. Discover the natural curiosity and enthusiasm of toddlers and twos as they explore creative art experiences designed just for them. In this updated, color edition of First Art for Toddlers and Twos, you will find more than seventy-five art experiences, with lots of variations that add to the fun and tips for making the activities run smoothly. There's even a chapter of special adult-made props, such as an Art Baggie Book to display a child's artwork and a Tabletop Easel made from a pizza box to catch all the drips. First Art for Toddlers and Twos starts children on a journey full of exploration and creativity! Children will love making "Glitter Photo Jars" or working on "Shake-It-Up-Bag Paintings," and projects like "Family Finger Puppets" and "Fluff-N-Puff Mobiles" will keep them entertained for hours and stretch their imaginations. It's the Process, Not the Product-Anyone working with preschoolers and early primary age children will want this book. Over 200 activities teach children to explore and understand their world through open-ended art experiences that emphasize the process of art, not the product. Activities are included for painting, drawing, collage, sculpture and construction.

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Kid Rock will soon be adding another title to his name: Grandpa. The singer's 21-year-old son, Bobby Ritchie, Jr., is expecting a child. US Weekly reports that this will be the first child for Ritchie and his girlfriend, who is four months into her pregnancy. The couple is expecting a baby girl. Rock has not yet commented on becoming a grandfather, but the singer, 43, raised Ritchie, Jr. almost entirely on his own. The 'Picture' hitmaker won a custody battle against his son's mom, Kelley South Russell, back in 2002. Ritchie, Jr. was born in 1993. Rock admits he hasn't been a perfect parent, but he takes his job seriously, which will no doubt continue when he becomes Grandpa Rock. The singer spoke to Esquire in 2011 and joked that he and Bob Ritchie -- his real name -- are two different people, one of whom is extremely responsible. "Make no mistake," Rock said at the time, "Bob Ritchie's up early in the morning taking pictures of his son on the first day of his senior year. Kid Rock is passed out in a hotel room somewhere with four scantily clad women." Congratulations to Bobby Ritchie, Jr., his girlfriend and soon-to-be grandfather, Kid Rock!

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COB steht für: Central Obrera Boliviana, bolivianischer Gewerkschaftsdachverband Chairman of the Board, Vorsitzender eines Führungsgremiums, siehe Chair of the Board Chief of the Boat, dienstältester Unteroffizier an Bord eines U-Bootes der US-Navy Children of Bodom, finnische Metal-Band Chip on Board, Verfahren zur Direktmontage von ungehäusten Halbleiter-Chips (z. B. LED) auf Leiterplatten, siehe Chip-On-Board-Technologie Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro, das Nationale Olympische Komitee Brasiliens Counsellor of the Order of the Baobab, südafrikanischer Verdienstorden in Bronze Coolibah Airport (IATA-Code), Flugfeld von Coolibah Station, Northern Territory, Australien CoB steht für: Club of Budapest, ungarische Nichtregierungsorganisation Cob steht für: ein Damm bei Porthmadog, siehe Porthmadog #Der Cob Cob von Nüdingen, lothringisch-luxemburgisches Adelsgeschlecht Rafael Cob García (* 1951), spanischer Priester, Apostolischer Vikar von Puyo Pferderassen mit dem Namensbestandteil Cob: Cob Normand, siehe Anglo-Normanne Gypsy Cob, siehe Tinker (Pferd) Welsh Cob, siehe Welsh-Pony #Sektion D, Welsh Cob cob steht für: Chicomuceltec (ISO-639-3-Code), wohl ausgestorbene Maya-Sprache in Chiapas, Mexiko und im Departamento Huehuetenango, Guatemala Siehe auch: Cobb Cobh COP Kob (Begriffsklärung) Abkürzung

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Feb 13(Reuters) - TMX Group Ltd, Canada's biggest stock exchange operator, reported a quarterly profit that topped Wall Street estimates on Wednesday, driven by strong performance of its global solutions, insights and analytics business. Revenue for Toronto-based TMX rose 22 percent to C$207.6 million ($156.60 million) helped by a spike in market volatility that boosted trading volumes. Canadian stocks were volatile in the fourth quarter due to increasing tensions between Beijing and Washington over trade tariffs as well as fluctuating global crude prices. On an adjusted basis, TMX earned C$1.31 per share, beating analysts' average estimate of C$1.30 per share, according to IBES data from Refinitiv. Revenue in the global solutions, insights and analytics business rose 53 percent to C$73.8 million. Net income fell to C$69.8 million, or C$1.24 per share, for the quarter ended Dec. 31, from C$202.3 million, or C$3.63 per share, a year earlier, weighed down by higher net finance costs and operating expenses. Capital formation revenue slipped 8 percent to C$45.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, compared with C$49.3 million a year ago.

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RARE PHENOMENON Mum stuns doctors after giving birth to baby with head and arms of his parasitic TWIN attached to his chest The baby boy is fully formed, but his parasitic twin never properly developed in the womb. Doctors say chances of saving the boy and separating him are high By Lizzie Parry Updated: 16 Nov 2016, 14:18 A WOMAN in India shocked doctors when she gave birth to a baby boy, with the head and arms of his parasitic twin still attached to his chest. The yet-to-be named baby is fully formed but has his twin, who is missing genital and legs, is still attached to his body. A woman in India gave birth to a baby boy with the head and arms of his parasitic twin still attached to his chestCredit: Caters News Agency Both the babies have separate heart and lungs but they share the same liver as well as much of their blood supply. Doctors believe the chances of detaching the parasitic twin are high but admit the surgery will be lengthy and complicated. Hemlata Singh, 28, had no scans throughout her pregnancy and was planning to give birth at home. However, late last Saturday when the baby did not arrive, despite Hemlata suffering labour pains all day, her husband, a daily wage labour took her to hospital. At Ummed Women's Hospital in Udaipur in Rajasthan she delivered the baby boy in the early hours of the morning. Warning Graphic TWIN REMOVED IN OP Parasitic twin growing INSIDE tot had stopped her eating and drinking and was crushing her organs Horrific discovery Doctors thought this six-year-old boy had a tumour... but the lump was actually his DEAD TWIN 'KENYA SHARES FAMILY'S JOY' Conjoined twin girls survive 23-hour surgery to separate them in operation hailed as a 'first for sub-Saharan Africa' SHOCKING SURPRISE Indian mother gives birth to conjoined twins sharing nearly every organ with very slim chance of survival 'TRY TO SAVE THEM!' Mum of identical conjoined twins faces agonising TWO-YEAR wait to find out if they can be separated The baby arrived weighing 8lbs 1oz, but to Hemlata and the doctors' shock, he arrived with the remains of a parasitic twin still attached. Dr Anurag Singh, Professor of paediatrics at the hospital said the birth marked a rare case of a parasitic twin. But he said medics hope the remains can be detached from the newborn soon. WHAT IS A PARASITIC TWIN? Similar to a conjoined twin, in the case of a parasitic twin, one of the babies is not fully formed, and was never a viable fetus. Parasitic twins happen when a twin embryo begins to develop in the womb. The pair fail to fully separate and one embryon remains dominant, at the expense of its twin. The underdeveloped twin is defined as being parasitic, rather than conjoined, because it is incompletely formed and wholly dependent on the body of its twin. Doctors believe they will be able to remove the parasitic twin from the baby boy, without compromising his conditionCredit: Caters News Agency "It is definitely a rare case of parasitic twin where the second baby is not fully formed," Dr Singh said. "They luckily have separate hearts but share the internal mammary artery. "This could make it little complicated to operate but chances of saving the baby is high as it is healthy." "We are monitoring the condition of the strong baby and taking help of cardiologist to plan a surgery as soon as their condition is stable." Parasitic twins are usually a result of a delay in the separation of embryos during conception. They are formed when one embryo maintains a dominant development at the expense of the other.

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HomeEPL (English Premier League)EPL Match UpdatesMan City vs Brighton - 3-1 Win Performers and Spoilers Man City vs Brighton – 3-1 Win Performers and Spoilers Erling Haaland helped Manchester City defeat Brighton by scoring the winning goal to snap a one-game goal drought. He now has 22 goals in just 15 games. There was no hangover for Manchester City following their loss at Liverpool last week thanks to a double from Erling Haaland. The Norwegian added to his 22 goals from 15 games, including 17 in the Premier League, as he assisted City in a 3-1 win over Brighton. Leandro Trossard pulled a goal back for the Seagulls in the second half, but Kevin De Bruyne scored a stunning goal to end the game. With that goal, City became the first team in the top flight since 1928 to score three or more goals in ten straight home games, increasing the pressure on league-leading Arsenal. Erling Haaland: At City, the Norwegian's goal droughts only last one game. Last week, Haaland was ineffective against Liverpool, but once more, he responded quickly for the Premier League champions. The opening goal was essential in a close game against a well-organized Brighton team, and he took it beautifully with his power and pace, sweeping the Seagulls aside. His second was a penalty, and if it weren't for the quirks and enigmas of the VAR, he might have even received another spot-kick. Kevin De Bruyne: The Belgian usually assists in the elimination of opponents, but this time he did it all by himself. De Bruyne slalomed through the Brighton defense with a two-goal lead, utilizing his strength to fend off many intense challenges to set up Riyad Mahrez. However, the visitors had a chance to make an unexpected comeback when the Algerian shot was well-saved. With a lavish 30-yard strike that teased Robert Sanchez the entire way as it sailed over his head and into the top corner, De Bruyne put an end to the Seagulls' hopes. Bernardo Silva: One of the key events of City's summer, aside from the acquisition of Haaland, was Bernardo's choice to stay at the Etihad Stadium. Last Saturday at Anfield, the Portuguese midfielder was a complete annoyance, and Jurgen Klopp's protestations caused him so much annoyance that the German was sent out. Bernardo's spirit is unbreakable for a player looking for a transfer, and his fervor was essential to City digging deep when Brighton threatened a comeback. However, that was only a portion of his performance. His quality also allowed the visitors to score, and he also won the penalty with a strong run. Riyad Mahrez: At the beginning of the second half, a 60-second stretch radically altered the course of the game. First, Mahrez had a chance after Kevin De Bruyne's stunning driving run, but Robert Sanchez blocked his drilled attempt from 10 yards out. Leandro Trossard scored a goal for Brighton right away at the other end of the field to create a tense situation. A decisive goal would have ended the match, and Mahrez appeared to realize this when he was given a yellow card two minutes later and then substituted by Phil Foden. Liverpool: Six days on Klopp's side have undone all their good work after the passion and acrimony of last week's victory over City at Anfield. Guardiola declared he had more faith in the Reds than Klopp before the game. The German may have been right all along, though, as a title victory currently appears to be well beyond their grasp following their setback at Nottingham Forest. City's first Premier League loss of the year might have put them off their game, but Guardiola has gotten a response from his players a lot in his seven years as coach. They succeeded in doing so once more with a strong performance, while Liverpool's inconsistency is making their challenge challenging. VAR: Two penalty decisions were reviewed by the VAR, and once again no one could predict how they would turn out. Robert Sanchez, the Brighton goalkeeper, was standing on the back of his foot as Haaland slipped by him, but Craig Pawson waved away complaints and did not instruct him to look at the monitor. It appeared to be a lot more compelling call than the subsequent VAR-awarded penalty kick when Bernardo Silva was struck by Lewis Dunk's errant leg. Again, it seems random how the choices will be made, and the lack of consistency frustrates both players and spectators, who are tied together by a four-letter cry criticizing the technology. The Defensive Side: Ederson: A fantastic assist for Haaland's opening goal, but he could have done more to stop Trossard's shot. Manuel Akanji: Akanji, gave the ball away with shoddy defending in the lead-up to Brighton's equalizer and was then the target of another dangerous onslaught. Ruben Dias: Strong on defense, preventing too many significant shots on goal for the guests. Aymeric Laporte: The Spain international, who appears fully recovered from his knee surgery in the summer, always makes the left side of the defense look secure. Joao Cancelo: Put last week's mistake behind him as soon as possible by resuming the explosive offensive wing play that makes defenses more concerned about his threat. Guardiola, It felt like a chess match at times as he and Roberto De Zerbi moved their players around the pitch but ultimately Guardiola worked out how his team could find the spaces to create opportunities. For more match highlights and results, keep exploring this space. Previous articleBarcelona Latest News – 10/22/2022 Next articleReal Madrid vs Sevilla – Win 3-1 Performers and Spoilers EPL Match Updates Real Madrid signing a superstar from Chelsea in January Looking back on Arsenal's performance Premier League Team & Players of the Season

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HomeFast Forward: Quick reads through a Jewish lens Jeffrey Tambor's Accuser Speaks Out — 'I Stand By My Truths' February 27, 2018 By Becky Scott Van Barnes, Jeffrey Tambor's ex-assistant and one of the two women who accused him of sexual harassment, has responded to Tambor's dismissal from the hit show "Transparent." Amazon Studios made the decision to let Tambor go after investigating the claims of Barnes and Trace Lysette, a former roommate of Barnes who also accused Tambor of harassment. Since the investigation found Tambor guilty, the actor has maintained his innocence and called the decision "profoundly disappointing." In a statement to the Hollywood Reporter, Barnes says "he did this to himself." "For Mr. Tambor to characterize this investigation as 'biased' and 'politicized' is an insult to the numerous people he has worked with through the years who were forced to participate in an investigation created by his own actions," says Barnes. "Mr. Tambor's lengthy abuse and harassment of me continues to haunt me and is a clear indication of how we got to this point." Barnes described the investigation as "extremely professional, exhaustingly thorough and all-encompassing." Although Tambor will not be appearing in the fifth season of "Transparent", he will appear in "Arrested Development" premiering on Netflix this spring. Becky Scott is the editor of The Schmooze. Follow her on Twitter, @arr_scott This story "Jeffrey Tambor's Accuser Gives Statement" was written by Becky Scott.

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I have been in the heating and plumbing trade for over 34 years. I began in 1979 as an Apprentice Gas Service Engineer with British Gas. I started my business in June 2003 and have built-up a good reputation with my customers, who are mostly via recommendations. I specialise in install/service/maintain/repair Gas & Oil heating boilers/systems, solar heating systems and carry out Powerflushing. I work in the Warminster, Westbury and Frome area.

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This past Wednesday, Skream and Disclosure premiered a remarkable arsenal of sounds in a 70 minute back to back set on Boiler Room TV from The W Hotel in London. Those of you who happened to tune in with me will join in saying that it was a treat to say the least. A set which seemed a bit unique to me from Skream, the presidential suite was laden with huge moments of funky, r&b nu-disco vibes while local legends danced as part of the party. I have no collective understanding of the scene in South London but this entire hour seemed to maintain an intimate vibe drawn from those community influences. Slightly foreign, my ears were introduced to something new. Both Skream and Disclosure proved to be immaculate on the DJ end as well. 0:04:55 – shadow child – '23'. 0:06:30 – janet jackson ft nelly – 'call on me' (disclosure remix). 0:09:30 quentin harris – 'beautiful black women come from brooklyn' (zed bias remix). 0:13:31 douglas greed – when a man sings on a track. 0:24:50 justin martin – don't go (dusky remix). 0:27:50 charles b and adonis – lack of love. 0:30:00 boddika & joy o – mercy VIP. 0:38 37 colours – hold on (original). 0:43:00 zack toms – bring me down (stanton warriors remix). 0:46:00 gant – all night long. 0:50:00 jessie ware – running (disclosure vip). 0:56:20 ten city – that's the way love is. 0:59:10 womack & womack – teardrops on the dance floor. 1:02:00 prince – I want to be your lover (dimitri from paris re-edit). 1:06:00 arctic monkeys – when the sun goes down.

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Russia plans long-range bomber flights near North American waters: agency November 12, 2014, 3:34 p.m. Russian President Putin, Defence Minister Shoigu and FSB Director Bortnikov watch events to mark Victory Day in Sevastopol Russian President Vladimir Putin (C), Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu (L) and Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) Director Alexander Bortnikov watch events to mark Victory Day in Sevastopol May 9, 2014. Putin went to Crimea on Friday for the first time since Russia annexed the peninsula from Ukraine in March, a visit that is likely to anger the Ukrainian leadership and upset the West. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov (UKRAINE - Tags: POLITICS ANNIVERSARY CONFLICT PROFILE MILITARY) MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russia said on Wednesday it planned to send long-range bombers on flight patrols over North American waters, including the Gulf of Mexico, but the Pentagon played down Moscow's mission as routine training in international airspace. The announcement by Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu came just days after NATO singled out some Russian incursions into European airspace, including more complex formations of aircraft flying more "provocative" routes. Shoigu said flights along the border of the Russian Federation and over the Arctic Ocean were foreseen as part of training for long-range operations, according to state agency Itar Tass. "In the current situation, we need to secure our military presence in the western part of the Atlantic, eastern part of the Pacific oceans and the waters of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico," he added. At the Pentagon, spokesman Colonel Steve Warren said every nation had the right to operate in international waters and international airspace. "The Russians have patrolled in the Gulf (of Mexico) in the past, and we've seen the Russian Navy operate in the Gulf of Mexico. These are international waters," Warren said. "It's important that the Russians conduct their operations safely and in accordance with international standards." Relations between Moscow and the West have plummeted over the crisis in Ukraine, where Kiev faces a rebellion by pro-Russian separatists in the east of the country. Bomber patrol flights, a Cold War-era practice, were cut back after the fall of the Soviet Union but President Vladimir Putin revived them in 2007. (Reporting by Thomas Grove; Additional reporting by Phil Stewart in Washington; Editing by Ralph Boulton and Lisa Shumaker) Idaho Statesman He told a gas-station customer, 'I don't serve Black people.' What his Idaho employer did A jury has awarded an Oregon woman $1 million in damages after finding she was discriminated against by a gas station employee who told her, "I don't serve Black people.". Trump famously took Putin's word on 2016 election interference during joint presser with Russian leader Here's why Priscilla Presley is contesting Lisa Marie Presley's will Priscilla Presley has filed a legal challenge to the validity of Lisa Marie Presley's will. Lisa Marie passed away earlier this month, on 12 January. Environmentalists say the Brazilian navy's plan to abandon a massive aircraft carrier is a disaster for marine life. Family of Newlywed and Activist Decapitated at Utah's Arches National Park Awarded More Than $10M Esther "Essie" Nakajjigo's husband and parents initially filed a $270 million claim against the National Park Service in 2021 over her death WestJet has cancelled its flights between three Canadian cities and Europe for this summer. Previously, WestJet offered direct flights from Halifax to London Gatwick, Dublin, Glasgow and Paris during the summer months. WestJet's transatlantic service to Europe has also been suspended from Vancouver and Toronto. It's unclear what airports WestJet flies to in Europe from those two cities. In a news release on Monday, the airline said the suspension was temporary, but also that it will look at resu Elizabeth Hurley Just Dropped A New Bikini Pic On IG, And Her Abs Are 💯 Elizabeth Hurley just dropped another Instagram photo showing her strong abs in a string bikini. Elizabeth doesn't like to snack but fits in three square meals. Princess Diana's butler Paul Burrell says Prince Harry has 'lost the plot' 'There's been a shift in that young man, he's changed and I'm saddened by it,' ex-butler said

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Eye On The World: India: Somali pirates who starved the crew of the ship they stole to death, complain about the food in Prison and beg to be released. India: Somali pirates who starved the crew of the ship they stole to death, complain about the food in Prison and beg to be released. (India) April 2010, Somali crooks commandeered 3 Thai fishing vessels and demanded a ransom. Whilst negotiations were ongoing regards the safe return of the crews, the boats were re-purposed as motherships for stealing other ships and thus armed they left the shores of Somalia where these thugs claimed they took to piracy in which to combat illegal fishing and sailed around 1400 miles to the Lakshadweep Islands in which to make a killing. This they continued to do until Jan 2011, when the Indian Navy caught up with them , in the ensuring gun battle, the Thai trawler Prantalay 14 was sunk with 10 pirates killed, 15 arrested and 20 of the 24 Thai crew being rescued. The other 4 crew members had died of starvation during their captivity. He also stated that the 10 who died had drowned as they did not know how to swim. "I have been ill for seven years. Don't know how my family would be making ends meet." The youngest 22 year old Aways Mohammed cried that he was underage when arrested and desperately wanted to see his family. I suppose if these thugs had been arrested by the West they would have sought asylum and been given it, with nobody caring about how these self proclaiming victims demanding better food, medical treatment and an easy time, didn't do likewise to the crews of the fishing vessels whom they had no problem mistreating.

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class="page-template page-template-template-forecast-page page-template-template-forecast-page-php page page-id-1261377 wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-5.7 vc_responsive" Brittnay Therese shares the evening weather forecast. Brittnay Therese shares the forecast for the evening. Brittnay Therese shares the area forecast. Brittnay Therese gives her evening forecast for the Norfolk area, November 15th.

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Sophie the Giraffe, full of discoveries and activities to awaken baby's senses! Taste: Sophie the Giraffe is very flexible and has lots of parts for baby to chew (ears, horns, legs). She is perfect for soothing sore gums when teething and is completely safe. Made of 100% natural rubber and food based paint. Touch: Sophie the Giraffe is perfect for baby's small hands. She is very light and her long legs and neck are easy for baby to grip. She is very soft to touch, just like baby's mommy, stimulating soothing physiological and emotional responses. My 3 month old adores her Sophie! Sophie can stop a screaming fit with one squeak, soothe teething pains, and occupy little hands for minutes! Love Sophie, glad we jumped on this bandwagon. She is now my go to shower gift. Because you can never have too many Sophies. Aiden loves his Sophie, she goes everywhere with him. He likes to rub her along his sore gums and often chews on her ears. I don't think we could do without our Sophie now, just a great teething toy for babies!

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David Chalmers I am a philosopher at New York University and the Australian National University. Officially I am Professor of Philosophy and co-director of the Center for Mind, Brain, and Consciousness at NYU, and also (20% time) Professor of Philosophy at ANU. I work in the philosophy of mind and in related areas of philosophy and cognitive science. I am especially interested in consciousness, but am also interested in all sorts of other issues in the philosophy of mind and language, metaphysics and epistemology, and the foundations of cognitive science. This site includes quite a bit of my own work (e.g. all of my papers), and it also includes a number of resources I've put together on topics related to consciousness and/or philosophy: e.g., MindPapers (a bibliography), directories of online papers, and some philosophical diversions. There is also a photo gallery. A complete master index to this site's contents is available. Also worth noting are PhilPapers, the site I co-direct for access to all sorts of philosophy online, and my weblog, Fragments of Consciousness. What's New: Three Puzzles About Spatial Experience, Why Isn't There More Progress in Philosophy?, Frontloading and Fregean Sense, Intensions and Indeterminacy (the last two are replies in symposia on Constructing the World), How Do You Explain Consciousness? (video of my talk at TED 2014). Complete list of papers Papers on consciousness Papers on meaning and modality Papers on AI and computation Miscellaneous bits and pieces Online discussions of my work Responses to articles on my work PhilPapers: Online Research in Philosophy MindPapers: A bibliography Online papers on consciousness People with online papers in philosophy Guide to the philosophy of mind Philosophical humor Zombies on the web I studied mathematics at the University of Adelaide from 1983 to 1986 and at the University of Oxford in 1987-88. I switched to Indiana University in 1989, where I obtained a Ph.D. in 1993 in Philosophy and Cognitive Science, working in Doug Hofstadter's Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition. I spent 1993-95 as a McDonnell Fellow in Philosophy, Neuroscience, and Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, and 1995-98 in the Department of Philosophy at UC Santa Cruz. From 1999-2004 I was in the Department of Philosophy and the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. I moved to ANU in August 2004. From 2009-2014 I spent one semester per year at New York University, moving full-time in September 2014 (keeping a 20% appointment at ANU). A photo gallery is here. I seem to spend a lot of time organizing things (this is a good work-avoidance strategy). I was one of the founders of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness, and I've helped organize the biennial Tucson conferences on consciousness. I also edit the philosophy of mind series at Oxford University Press, and am philosophy of mind editor for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. I have been director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at Arizona and the Centre for Consciousness at ANU, and I'm currently co-director of the Center for Mind, Brain, and Consciousness at NYU. I'm also co-director of PhilPapers. When I have time and run out of excuses, I sometimes do some real work. I've written articles on consciousness, metaphysics and meaning, AI and computation, and various other topics in philosophy and cognitive science (see top of page). Consciousness is my first love, and it's what I always come back to, but one of the nice things about being a philosopher is that one is allowed to be interested in all sorts of things. (If you get interested in X, you just say "I'm working on the philosophy of X"). I do a lot of fairly technical philosophy (philosophy of language, metaphysics, epistemology) as well as being closely involved with work in science (neuroscience, psychology, AI, physics). The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory My first book on consciousness was published in April 1996, with Oxford University Press. Its web page has a few bits and pieces, such as the table of contents, the introduction, some reviews, and other information. Explaining Consciousness: The Hard Problem This collection (edited by Jonathan Shear) was published in 1997 by MIT Press. It has a keynote article by me, 26 responses from all sorts of perspectives, and my response to all these in turn. See its web page for contents. Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings This is an anthology of readings in the philosophy of mind, edited by me, and published by Oxford University Press in August 2002. Its web page has the table of contents and an ever growing list of typos. Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology This collection (which I co-edited with David Manley and Ryan Wasserman) was based in part on a conference I organized at ANU in 2005, and was published in 2009 by Oxford University Press. It has seventeen articles by a really terrific group of authors. David Chalmers, Philosophy Program, RSSS, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia. E-mail: chalmers at anu dot edu dot au

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I giganti di Roma è un film del 1964, diretto da Antonio Margheriti. Trama Al fine di sferrare l'attacco decisivo contro Vercingetorige Giulio Cesare incarica Claudio Marcello ed altri tre suoi legionari di individuare e distruggere una grossa catapulta costruita dai druidi. I valorosi sono però fatti prigionieri. Riescono comunque a fuggire e Claudio Marcello condurrà a termine la rischiosa impresa affidatagli, distruggendo la micidiale macchina proprio mentre i due eserciti avversari stanno per iniziare la battaglia. Dopo la vittoria dei Romani elogiato da Giulio Cesare, Claudio Marcello si recherà a Roma insieme alla donna che ama. Collegamenti esterni Film d'avventura Film ambientati nell'antica Roma Film ambientati nel I secolo a.C. Film diretti da Antonio Margheriti Film peplum

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Firefox and Chrome may ask for Flash. If you do not want to use Flash in these browsers, just open the "mobil Version", they will view perfectly. These Magazines open in a new tab or window. Just close the tab or window to return to The American Lhasa Apso Club website. This new format will open to a 2-page magazine format. You can turn the pages individually, or with controls available on the botom of the screen. These issues can be displayed full-screen. There are also controls to enlarge, reduce, print and run as a slide show. This format is compatible with many Smart Phones and Tablets. Please send questions or comments to the Webmaster. All issues are listed chronologically by year. Each opens in it's own window. Click or touch your back arrow to return to listing. All are in PDF format. Many of these are fairly large files, please allow adequate time to download with slow or dial-up connections.

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The Palestinian president has sworn in a long-awaited cabinet in a step towards a resumption of US-backed peace talks with Israel. Yasir Arafat confirmed the cabinet's new ministers, mostly his loyalists, in a ceremony in Ram Allah on Wednesday. Deputies voted 48-13 to back Prime Minister Ahmad Quraya's 24-member cabinet after two months of paralysing power struggles. Speaking in parliament, Arafat adopted a conciliatory tone towards Israel despite continued invasions of Palestinian land. The 74-year-old leader accused Israel of "a criminal war" of incursions and blockades to crush his people's aspirations, then switched gear and extended an olive branch. But Israeli Defence Minister Shaul Mofaz, speaking later in Washington, said it would take years to reach a permanent agreement with the Palestinians. "We do not deny the right of the Israeli people to live in security side by side with the Palestinian people also living in their own independent state" Mofaz proposed working towards an interim arrangement after intractable violence stalled a US-led "road map" peace plan for a Palestinian state by 2005. He said: "It will be very difficult from the situation that we are facing today to reach in a month or a few years a permanent agreement." "I believe that we have to go through some interim agreement that will rebuild the trust between the two sides, will give us a proper sense of security for the people of Israel, and give hope to the Palestinian people." But he added: "It will make it very difficult to move forward if he (Arafat) will be the man that will give the orders and directions." Meanwhile, a Palestinian detainee was expelled by the Israelis early on Thursday from the West Bank to the Gaza Strip. Taha Dwaik, 26, a Fatah activist from Jenin, was officially placed under house arrest in the Gaza Strip, an Israeli military source said. Fatah is the leading Palestinian organisation headed by Yasir Arafat. The source said he agreed to be expelled for two years rather than continue his detention, but he formally denied this when he arrived in the Gaza Strip. "It will make it very difficult to move forward if he (Arafat) will be the man that will give the orders and directions" Dwaik hit out at the expulsion order and told journalists he had been moved against his will from the Ofer detention camp near Ram Allah. He was expelled hours after the Israeli Supreme Court authorised the army to banish another West Bank Palestinian, Taha Dwaik from Hebron in the south, and to transfer him to the Gaza Strip. Palestinians have protested that the expulsions were in violation of Article 49 of the Geneva Convention banning the forced transfers of individuals or groups living under occupation. But the Supreme Court argued they were displaced and not expelled. Earlier in the day, six Palestinians were wounded during an Israeli invasion of the occupied territories. Two Palestinians were seriously wounded late on Wednesday when Israeli troops raided the Gaza Strip town of Rafah. Palestinian security sources said the Israelis were trying to demolish a home they suspected was being used to smuggle arms across the border with Egypt. The two Palestinians were hit by Israeli gunfire during the raid, the sources said without elaborating. And in a separate incident, Aljazeera's correspondent in Jenin said four Palestinians were wounded on Wednesday evening when Israeli forces opened random fire at curfew-breakers in Yamoun. For the second day running, the occupation forces imposed a curfew on the city of 20,000 people.

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Jo Smail: New Beginnings RETURN TO EXHIBITIONS Jo Smail, born and educated in South Africa, has lived in Baltimore since 1985, and taught at the Maryland Institute College of Art since 1988. In 1995, a fire destroyed all of Smail's work. In the face of a lost past, incinerated memories, she became preoccupied with the inside of her husband's elbow. Smail recalls, "I had to begin. Pink felt appropriate: Small, insignificant, baby girl, first steps, new skin, soft…What to draw? Something straightforward, like knitting 'plain.' Begin with a single unit and see where it takes me." A new body of work, the Pink series, emerged, in which each geometric shape was skin, and the space between shapes analogs of human relationships, close or distant in emptiness. Speaking about this period of her life, Smail echoed Helene Cicoux's resolve to "immerse myself in nothingness. This will be my courage: to abandon comforting sentiments from the past." Smail discovered that "nothing is not uninteresting," and began asking herself if loss could be the seed bed of love. Installation view of New Beginnings Then she suffered a devastating stroke, in 2000. Again, she began again. Battling her brain damage, including loss of speech and mobility, Smail's spills of black paint, not fully controlled, became her way of making sounds. She took comfort in the security of simple, identifiable forms and used her mistakes as springboards. In these paintings and prints, things, sounds, actions, ideas, and the relations between things take form, as if conjured from the void by the logic of a secret system of conceptual synaesthesia. Smail's black forms manifest like puppets against backdrops of subtle colors or geometric grids, iterations against silence-the nothing that is something. The exhibition includes paintings titled "Stutter," "My Father's Voice," and "Code." There are paintings that celebrate being able to write such things as "tongues wag," words that though Jo Smail had learned to repeat she could not voluntarily speak. These paintings and prints, in paralleling Smail's relearning of words and writing and their attachment to corresponding concepts in the world, also suggest how arbitrary all systems of attaching meaning are, yet how inevitable and automatic they appear to us. They embroil us in a compact of consensus while simultaneously pointing back into the abyss where everything is alphabet soup. In this they are like totalitarian regimes, the experience of which Jo Smail shares with her compatriot, William Kentridge, who also shares her interests in communication. Jo Smail and William Kentridge at the opening of New Beginnings Included on this exhibition are eleven collaborations with Kentridge, created long-distance, sending papers from one to the other. These works reflect a seamless blend of their techniques and aesthetics, in which their stark, silhouetted, sometimes collaged and often burdened forms lurch or hesitate in vast spaces, evoking existential battles and fragile realities. Jo Smail is represented in numerous public and private collections, and is the recipient of numerous awards, including a Pollock- Krasner Foundation Grant, in 1996.

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This webcam is currently assigned to nzta.govt.nz. It was originally added on 28 mars, 2011 and has been viewed 37 708 times since then. The current picture above was taken 8 minuter se'n, thereby the webcam seems to be currently active. So far, it was added to their personal favorites on webcams.travel by 2 people. South along Sthn Mwy at Nth Wstn Mwy link. Image courtesy of NZ Transport Agency.

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"From Kyoto to Paris: Measuring renewable energy policy regimes in Arge" by Erin Pischke, Barry Solomon et al. There are numerous strategies to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or to mitigate global climate change. One of them is to promote polices for developing renewable energy sources. There has been a growth in such policies but not enough is known about their effectiveness. We use a revised version of Schaffrin et al.'s (2015) Index of Policy Activity (IPA) to examine the historical development (1998–2015) of federal and state/provincial renewable energy policies across five federal countries in the Americas: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States. Here the focus is on "policy output," which is defined as a function of policy density and intensity. Policy density is measured by counting the number of policies in each country relating to a particular goal during our time frame, while policy intensity, or the strength the policy has toward meeting specific goals, is measured by summing scores for six indicators: objective, scope, integration, budget, implementation and monitoring. The higher the policy score for a country, the more likely the country will be able to meet its intended goals. Our results show that the U.S. has the densest renewable energy policy output followed by Canada, Mexico, Brazil, and finally Argentina has the least-dense policy output. Overall, Brazil and Canada's renewable energy policies were the most intense, followed by Argentina's and the U.S.'s, with Mexico's policies receiving the lowest intensity scores. These countries differ in how long they have supported renewable energy policies and the levels of government that implement them. These findings show that countries may be spending resources on producing myriad renewable energy policies, but without coordination between different levels of government or a concerted effort to ensure that the policy instruments are effective, those resources may be wasted while GHGs continue to rise. This research contributes to the understanding of how individual federal and state/provincial government make efforts toward implementing or enforcing energy policies to influence long-term policy change.

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Ariana Grande's brother just penned an emotional tribute to Mac Miller | SHEmazing! Frankie Grande, brother to Ariana Grande and star of Big Brother, has penned a heartfelt tribute to the late Mac Miller. Having battled with his own sobriety issues, Frankie poured his emotions out in an Instagram caption. Mac, who was a platinum-selling musician, was found unresponsive in his LA home last Friday, amid reports of an overdose. The 26-year-old had been in a relationship with Ariana Grande for almost two years before they split up earlier this year. Frankie outlined the trauma addiction can cause, to those who are addicted and to their loved ones. Ariana Grande also posted a tribute to her ex-boyfriend, but it was a silent one – she posted a simple image of the rap artist without a caption five days ago.

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Physical Description: 125 p. : ; 19 cm. Statement of Responsibility: compiled from the letters of Paul Orjala and edited by Kathleen Spell. first two years in a foreign country. changes have been necessary. The dates are all authentic. what startled at the request for the use of his letters. the world when we are back in the States on furlough? fices and we actually haven't done much." CHAPTER 1--"... up to our necks in official business" the way before us, and we are trusting in Him. ceedingly generous and interest responses great. presence as plans are materializing. Oct. 4-Arrived safely in Port-au-Prince yesterday noon. wish to stay on a longer visit than most tourists. the "third degree" with our questions all evening. standing of our church with the government. presidential palace and other government buildings. until two more flights had come later that afternoon. stood his spirit from the start. kets of roses. The people were very friendly. lation of P.-au-P. is about 150,000. residence visa, the next thing will be to get a house. we have to. Mary has been a little homesick, I think. as I took down the localities and preachers' names. in the north at Gonaives. this first popular election for a president. long lines of men standing in the rain to vote. This morning I had another conference with Mr. E---. He has worked with terrific odds against him. words. We are trusting the Lord to help us. week or so. Well let French wait until later. posed to be some former Nazis here) and voodoo. We are praying about our relations with E--. wife with a hammer when she returned from baptism. have been studying in our spare time. P.-au-P. and still have not found a suitable house. dysentery, probably from the water the doctor said. quite sick, and I ran quite a temperature-103*-104. staying have been very nice to us in helping us, etc. about-now that we know what the score is. an outside kitchen with charcoal. -a thought that had never once entered his head! which we can use for an office and study. suspicious and wondered if the man were a broker. morning and got us through customs in three hours! course, it was the Lord! to get a good maid to help Mary, and a yard boy! their line. American-made furniture is out of reach. salmon, 70 cents; milk, 20 cents a quart. have them by Christmas-who knows! dicating where I wanted him to stop. the landlord until we can find some chairs and a table. crotans from the hotel proprietor where we stayed. bedroom for our clothes. Also I've made a bookcase. can open and close most of them. until we have the jeep. We are both feeling well. working out all of our problems. the gospel message across to the people effectively. after the jeep arrives so we can use the heater! Mary is measuring for curtains. but mornings and evenings are just wonderful. gourdes equals 1 dollar U.S. going to and drove us out of the Embassy grounds. before a thorough foundation can be rebuilt here. depending on One who will not fail. addition he has some personality quirks of his own. and guidance-and He is helping us. the chicken to be delivered as soon as it arrived. day with chicken dinner at noon. And so we did. was just right and we really enjoyed it. making the chairs. Well, that's Haiti. each at the open market. I plan to paint them. set we got at Firestone for only $2.00. or steals a hammer and saw calls himself a carpenter. here because it takes so much longer to do everything. We now have four African violet plants. drive to any point from P.-au-P. in a day or less. We would especially like some good tomato seeds. for the national preachers, I was just about done-up. her to the Lord Jesus. better acquainted with the country and people. that we are forever chasing out of our back yard. mornings and evenings and hot in the sun at noon. We couldn't ask for better weather really. or not toby" or just plain short for Tobias. membership in all congregations is 734. have to leave Saturday noon if we go on the camionn." times a little sour for Mary or perhaps bitter. but no yellow ones yet. give it a little water. to chew on, but he prefers live meat. the morale of the people in the churches in that area. business trying to obtain a permanent visa long ago. But now it's getting to be humorous. leans until they get a permit to send it here. ing anything else that a.m. going back to the United States and other stories. lettering for the name and destination of the bus. under my eyes. But I am anxious to make the trip. month, as well as seeing the situation up there. milk, and take a shot of adrenaline before each meal! quite an adventure. I hope to get some good pictures. his eyes! And his tail gets a continuous workout. them when they are planted in the ground. CHAPTER 4-".. a good Christmas season . ." just ten miles outside Gonaives. depending on the Lord for guidance and wisdom. suppose. We have pretty good garlic down here too. I wonder how we smell to our friends? beat them constantly to keep them going. I'll just harvest them in the flat! mercenary preachers who wanted to join us. ready there gaily decorated with tinsel and balloons. cards. We're enjoying them so much. the future-well, that's in God's hands too. are doing famously and I think almost all will live. could drive to Kenscoff in about 40 or 50 minutes. up there-almost cold in the late afternoon. time in and around government offices. in Dominican Republic or Cuba. to do all the business, and I'll stay home and cook! visa cannot be issued to someone who is in Haiti. used to pay in Kansas City. of groups in Haiti who tried to expand too fast. it is imperative for every Christian to learn to read. them the right time and melody. "paresseux" ("lazy") trimmings from their hedge. our lot. If they're kept wet, they should take root. total ($4 plus 50c a week for food), that is 20c a day. He's been taking of us is too good. fairly modern bus, and to Canal Bois in a truck. the central coast of Haiti as we returned to P.-au-P. is really a missionary church. of course), we would have no room for anything else. whole it is quite an improvement. partments in all cities we've lived in for ten years! now. We may get the jeep yet! February 1 to speed up our learning process. Yesterday and today were special days of prayer. We're expecting God to answer. dence visa so that we can stay around and spend it! house-it seems much longer than that in some ways. in the cab when you get in. up and there was a beetle crawling down the wall. and in the ground. I'm going to get some bug spray. clouds in the sky. Lovely mornings and evenings. are almost all dissipated by the time they pass Cuba. We live 500 or 600 feet above sea level. the rhythm for their "Saturday night dances." ized" milk to be safe. once you get out of P.-au-P. you have left civilization. and palm dotted landscape is magnificent. cocoanut tree to knock down some cocoanuts for us. dozen. Two filled me up completely, and one Mary. will call some of them into the ministry. won't be able to see much outside P.-au-P. which we took in the U.S. but bring results in accord with God's all-wise plan. will have no more 4-wheel drive vehicles for sale. the Lord can take care of it if He wants us to have it. times warmed the water in the barrel on our roof. casionally and empty eventually into the bay. soms on one plant. Mary takes care of them. at least being goaded to learn new vocabulary. happens, we may get our visa right here. front, and back were not on the square on one chair. rug and the rest of the house. in the streets selling everything imaginable. that "with God nothing shall be impossible." nent residence visa must be applied for outside Haiti. there for six weeks without success yet. out this problem, and we want to find His way. us the wrong information the second time? and getting the visa here. We'll know tomorrow. little irritating if you get much in your mouth. ciples, and He ought to know! March 6-I'm waiting for E- to get here this am. "Oh, Say but I'm Glad" and "Every Day with Jesus." We thank the Lord for His help and direction. before then. We thank the Lord for this. little!) strawberries that grow wild here I think. 10c if we had bargained long enough. Our tomatoes will soon be ready to eat. the jeep. It will completely revolutionize our lives. and we thank the Lord for it. Easter story with her flannelgraph in Sunday School. we're gradually understanding and speaking more. we first came down with it we got some extra rest. It should soon be over. lot, and we're enjoying it. soon, most of them will be ripe when we are gone! an hour waiting for it to subside. of the information which another letter contained. understood me! Without notes too! It is our opinion that we should insure the jeep. and uncertainties connected with it. able in conducting the Lord's business in the future. more than we ever have before. we must stay, perhaps in helping a little with music. organ, and school which is practically self-supporting. They have a nice apartment. things we can't find for love or money in Haiti. do, and things will pile up while we're gone. hardly fit us; maybe we'll gain a little here. see only in florist windows in the States. We still don't know just how long we'll be here. Protestants are doing. Both may be true. delay for red tape and introduction to the languages. officials to process our visa application quickly. change will be good for us. might have to wait for a couple of months. doing all he can to get it through quickly. us than from any other field. We may be able to get "Showers of Blessing" from a Puerto Rican station when we get back. we sneak some groceries into the pantry. was a good crowd, the church was just about full. is a good spiritual tone in the church. away from Haiti a month by then). though it was a crude struggle getting settled, etc. probably be okay, if they don't get washed away! to ask for words I didn't know. guess I'm doomed to both for some time yet. I discovered some blisters on my arm this a.m. said, "It was a very hard thing, but I won, I am sure. speak to him again and all will be done on Friday." with a palm grove fringing the circular shore. nine o'clock. I didn't preach long, needless to say. the total picture-and that's what this trip has done. May 21-We still have no official word about our visa. Spanish, and learning to read music isn't easy either. into Creole and an extra month for French. morial chapel in Haiti in honor of her husband. We are both well and feeling good. while their new house gets the finishing touches. little, not at all at night. How wonderful it is to have the jeep station wagon! week. I have yet to be sworn in as a minister. made so that we can live somewhat normally. house in the near future. But where will they sit? CHAPTER 8-"Our sights are being raised .. " us in Haiti and didn't want us to take over his work. But E-- was very loyal to us. tacked on the title "Foreign Department Mission." myself if possible before we buy any property. gone almost every morning to the government offices. develop a truly Nazarene spirit in our churches. mation of the truth, we trust. open sores on the skin that don't heal very easily. in a while during the middle of the day. things out of customs) take most of our mornings. most important thing for our field right now. in a morass of unfinished projects and business. more than 5 miles), but we had never been there. the way, and every once in a while a little "market" tall trees shading-nice place for a picnic. two services at two stations about 25 miles from here. jeep]. It is right in the middle of a big banana patch. muddy here, and there are people living everywhere. is naturally rich or received his money as a free gift. Well, they're learning, and so are we! to see the place-supposed to be very nice. by we can give them some real Bible training. was complaining about how hard he had to work. stories in the churches that we had cheated him, etc. the store to get some, but they didn't have any. forcing-and I had given him the shirt on his back! July 10-We still aren't quite normal physically yet. which have the least possibility of contamination. I brush away the swarms of flies and other insects. living at a little higher elevation where it's cooler. Plan a limited Bible school in October. as well as when we first came. We tire very easily. But we're taking it fairly easy. You have to in Haiti. doing it. It is the same way with everything else. a cook, a laundress, a yard-boy, and a house-boy. nights through the middle of August. CHAPTER 9-"What we need is a miracle" hope to start some Bible instruction in October. that-it takes three or four times to do one thing! as actual work is concerned. $1,000, $500, and $100, for three memorial chapels. the rest of the stations where we haven't yet been. After that, we will decide where to build the chapels. newly developed section of the city. I've gotten something that is exactly like poison oak. causes it. Perhaps the Haitians aren't allergic to it. over 1000 in the sun from 11 a.m. to about 3 p.m. move or not. But we don't feel it too badly. wetter California with the richest soil I've ever seen. overshading the whole. That was very beautiful. Yesterday we decided to splurge and get a ham. several days until it starts coming out of our ears. on when you are having someone for dinner. I've been hunting houses and land for our P.-au-P. if I can keep a coat on with this poison oak. I will teach, some notes in French and some in Creole. will use as a beginning library for our students. Bible study in connection with our family worship. either for us to add to any such confusion. other country to our list. have a good trip and a good change, if not a rest. wants to make us a concrete sink. Things are progressing quite smoothly for us. fit, but we hope that we will profit by their difficulties. we have quite a group of members. Sept. 13-We're having a really good change and vacation. very interesting-we went all over the place. The Lord has His way of working out things. is a big load off my mind. landlord bought us so he can attach it soon. Time for breakfast so I'll stop, naturally! men are quite obnoxious, but we get used to that. The Bible school is really keeping us hopping. restrain myself to a grin. difficulty keeping our balance, let alone climbing it. pastor if I ever returned to the States to pastor. Oct. 25-The Bible school is really keeping me busy. history. I don't know what they do know. We have written a "First Year's Report on Haiti" hinder the service a little. CHAPTER 10-"Bible school really keeping me busy ..." ices and also lots of voodoo services every night. the dead were possessing them, so the students said. I think that probably E- believes it too. them, and the like where we can sandwich them in. take more time for study if it is at all possible. We enjoyed Dr. Vanderpool's visit very much. have Toby, and he's a pretty good dog. which was the shortest, biggest transition of our lives. average of about six hours on horseback each day. school we were planning to start in October. about the messages he brought while he was here. Him we can see a bright future. a few missionaries we had never seen before. are very nice and make very comfortable chairs. her; as far as we know she is absolutely dependable. high on white cells-which may indicate infection. additional for some of the adults with just popcorn. home about 3:00. That was our Christmas caroling. what the others had gotten. become the Saviour of each one who trusts in Him. formerly been Catholic or pagans. ers' meeting up north at Canal Bois, near Gonaives. starting up again with the spring semester. saw people they recognized and a few saw themselves. seemed to be a very good spirit. a full house (around 200 or 250), in Creole of course. school. We're happy about these two items. ary 14 to 20. The last week in March Dr. and Mrs. C. Warren Jones will visit us for several days. ing in the past few weeks, most of it from Michigan. a week from today (Monday, February 4). started in teaching them a course in health education. out of court with the boy's mother a few weeks later. repair of our jeep station wagon. even at this early stage. for a brief rest before opening the Bible school again. a hand and bring us through triumphantly in Him. only about two years-and he is only thirty-three. CHAPTER 11--"... don't know how I'll find time ... " twenty years so she'll know what to expect. them, especially Haitians. But he's the "only-est" child we've got, so we put up with him. years to build and 10,000 slaves). ress which King Christophe built shortly after 1800. Lord before he returns to the States in about a week. where it is coolor-near P.-au-P. but higher. new couple attend to a lot of the business here. A week ago today (Tuesday) we made a "flying" would remain with us whether the people did or not. while we get kind of starved for some good music. bad, or maybe we've gotten used to it by now. Festival" (something analogous to Thanksgiving). arbor by the side of the church and had it under that. wishes he'd been a little more careful But we aren't. This has been the Lord's deliverance. building only to move to Gonaives in a short time. we can have our cake and eat it too!! the Lord is going to see us through this time. visit in the winter, maybe March. relations with the Haitian government (in January). station visitation in the near future. Christ Jesus. And so with us-we are encouraged. south-a month of concentration at each station. CHAPTER 12-" . stations seem to be growing . . quite a number of converts"

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Steve is back on his home turf in San Francisco and the whole world is watching and waiting. He does not disappoint and begins the introduction of the technology and devices that are now commonplace to all of us. The faithful can't get enough and the rise of Apple in the culture gets its firm footing here with Steve and his band of creative thinkers and dreamers. The "Think Different" campaign commercials. The new Power PC G3 computer. New sales figures highlighting the renewed interest in Apple -- and a return to profit.

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IT has gone through many changes over the years. It used to simply involve the management, setup, and repairing of computers, but has since developed into a strategic system that keeps crucial data secure, lowers expenses, and helps increase income. With the increase in security threats and complexity of modern computing, the IT department has become even more important. Many businesses have to deal with big data in addition to other aspects of IT, which involves the overwhelming accumulation of data that employees have to pick apart for meaningful information. Searching through big data, companies can potentially find ways to gain an advantage over competitors while securing and maintaining the integrity of sensitive data and employee information. Following are some of the main ways in which IT can significantly improve business operations. IT departments are responsible for the identification and prevention of security breaches. This entails identifying unauthorized attempts to gain access to a network, monitoring social media and email to avoid phishing attempts, and updating systems with patches to eliminate vulnerabilities. To meet these needs, IT teams need to be able to analyze large amounts of data in real-time. Companies also need to make sure that the gap between IT and security teams is minimized to prevent data loss, downtime, and other issues. Both teams must work together to avoid and overcome contemporary security threats, with the help of CIOs who are willing to change their processes accordingly and purchase the tools necessary to get the job done. necessary tasks on their end. One of the most important keys to enabling businesses to maintain security and efficiency is through consistent monitoring and automation, which makes operations easier for IT staff. IT departments are also responsible for opening the door for new business models, including Internet of Things (IoT) services and subscription-based product sales. Regardless of the product or service, IT staff needs to be able to keep track of big data in the field and sufficiently analyze it to effectively offer these services. In addition to field data, IT personnel have to manage and analyze customer data to determine what they need and want, along with buying behavior and other aspects that can further help with marketing and sales. Ultimately, businesses must use IT to manage big data, maintain system security, and monitor operations to help companies succeed. Without a reliable team of IT experts behind these operations, companies can quickly find themselves falling behind competitors in today's environment. Bring or choose your own device has become a mobile device policy consideration for businesses moving toward remote communication. Managers can either let employees invest in their favorite mobile technology or the company can invest in its list of priorities. Here are the pros and cons of device policies. Small to mid-size businesses (SMBs) have widely adopted the "bring your own device" (BYOD) model. About half of American companies are projected to have a BYOD policy in place by 2017, according to a recent Gartner survey of CIOs. A BYOD mobile device policy usually creates savings in capital expenses since employees buy their own mobile devices. This policy contributes to employee recruitment and retention. It empowers both experienced talent and young experts to be more productive and work independently. A Cisco study reveals that American BYOD workers improve productivity by an average of 81 minutes per week. Conversely, BYOD raises security issues. Since employees take their devices home, company data may be at risk. Bitglass reports that 52 percent of SMBs named privacy issues as their biggest reservation toward adopting a BYOD mobile device policy. Since BYOD workers control their own devices, they have a broader selection of security protocols. A Webroot study found that 60 percent of employees either had no security or default features on their devices, making their phones vulnerable. BYOD is complex because workers may use multiple devices with various operating systems. Working with a new iPhone may accelerate tasks but may also create compatibility issues with SaaS applications. Some employees may use Android while others use iOS, forcing the firm to focus on cross-platform applications. "Choose your own device" (CYOD) allows staff to choose from a list of company-approved devices, adding a layer of security. This policy ensures that OS choices are limited, so that security solutions are well defined. Automatic updates will not create additional concerns. This setup can block access to unwanted apps. A significant CYOD security feature is that missing devices can be remotely wiped. Bitglass recently mentioned that over a quarter of data loss in the financial services industry could be attributed to lost or stolen devices. Businesses can guard against breaches by requiring employees to keep personal and professional use separate through containerization and mobile device management (MDM) solutions. This process allows managers to add security controls such as the white-listing or black-listing of specific apps on the company side of the device, while employees maintain control of the personal side. Containerization allows remote wiping of one side without affecting the other. CYOD policies, however, cost more for businesses when they purchase devices. Since most mobile devices cost hundreds of dollars, expenses can add up for big companies. Furthermore, some employees may not enjoy working with unfamiliar devices over the ones they've experimented with on their own. They may be uncomfortable that their employer has the power to wipe half their device at any time. The firm may also achieve the best of both BYOD and CYOD worlds with a hybrid solution that allows them to watermark company data for containerization purposes.

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Boubyan Capital Investment Company makes no representation or warranty of any kind, express, implied or statutory, regarding this website or the materials and information contained in or referred to on each page associated with it. The material and information contained in this website is provided for general information only and should not be used as a basis for making business decisions. Any advice or information received via this website should not be relied upon without consulting more accurate or more up-to-date sources of information or specific professional advice. You are recommended to obtain such professional advice where appropriate. Financial calculations and exchange rate data are presented in certain cases in approximate, summarized or simplified form and may change over time. In particular, no warranty is given that this information, material or data is accurate, reliable or up-to-date. Boubyan Capital Investment Company accepts no liability for any loss or damages, arising directly or indirectly (including special, incidental or consequential loss or damage) from your use of this website, howsoever arising, including any loss, damages or expenses arising.

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2. Where the normal school activity is voluntary in nature (including, without limitation, school athletic events, school plays and concerts, and lunch periods) "material and substantial disruption" is defined as student rioting, unlawful seizures of property, conduct inappropriate to the event, participation in a school boycott, demonstration, sit-in, stand-in, walk-out, or other related forms of activity. In order for expression to be considered disruptive, there must exist specific facts upon which the likelihood of disruption can be forecast, including past experience in the school, current events influencing student activities and behavior, and instances of actual or threatened disruption relating to the written material in question. 1. Time - Distribution shall be determined by the Building Principal. 2. Place - Written materials may be distributed in locations so as not to interfere with the normal flow of traffic within the school hallways, walkways, entry ways and parking lots. Distribution shall not impede entrance to or exit from school premises in any way. 3. Manner - No one shall induce or coerce a student or staff member to accept a student publication.

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