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###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: However, these 2 problems are enough to cause the downfall and failure of the product when placed in the market. ###RESPONSE:

However, these 2 problems are enough to cause the downfall and failure of the product when it is placed in the market.

However, these two problems are enough to cause the downfall and failure of the product when it is put into the market.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: Therefore, purchasing of materials can be quite costly as plenty of them will go to waste. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore, the purchase of materials can be quite costly as plenty of them will go to waste.

Therefore, purchasing of materials can be quite expensive as a lot of them will go to waste.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: As a result, the lack of fund will hamper the progress of the design process as there is no material to manufacture a physical product to test its usefulness. ###RESPONSE:

As a result, the lack of funds will hamper the progress of the design process because there will be no material to manufacture a physical product to test its usefulness.

As a result, the lack of funds will hinder the development of the design process as there is no material to manufacture a physical product for testing its usefulness.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Without the knowledge of the characteristics of different materials, one will not be able to choose the best material, which must be strong yet light in weight, to be use. ###RESPONSE:

Without the knowledge of the characteristics of different materials, one will not be able to choose the best material, which must be strong yet light in weight, to be used.

Without knowing the characteristics of different materials, one will not be able to choose the best material, which must be strong but light in weight, to be used.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammar mistakes: However, the engineering faculty has built up the race car knowledge after taking part in several annual competitions, and in the recent competition it came in 19th place. ###RESPONSE:

However, the engineering faculty has since built up race car knowledge after taking part in several annual competitions, and in the recent competition, it came in 19th place.

However, the engineering faculty has built up the race car knowledge after taking part in several annual competitions, and in the recent competition, it came in 1st place.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: In the case of lacking of funds, companies need to find sponsorships to fund the cost of their design process. ###RESPONSE:

In the case of lacking funds, companies need to find sponsorships to fund the cost of their design processes.

In the case of lacking funding, companies need to find sponsorships to fund the cost of their design processes.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: To illustrate it simply, one current need of modern people is the demand for a consistent energy source. ###RESPONSE:

To illustrate this simply, one current need of modern people is the demand for a consistent energy source.

To illustrate it simply, one current needs of modern people is the demand for a consistent energy source.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: By identifying the problem and listing all the possible resolutions, it will figure out the best energy source and try to utilize it to supply energy. ###RESPONSE:

After identifying the problem and listing all the possible solutions, it will figure out the best energy source and try to utilize it to supply energy.

By identifying the problem and listing all the possible solutions, it will figure out the best energy source and try to utilize it to supply energy.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Hence, demand for effective energy supply is the major need of modern people. ###RESPONSE:

Hence, the demand for an effective energy supply is a major need of modern people.

Hence, demand for effective energy supply is the major need of modern people.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: The main energy source nowadays is fossil fuel energy which has limited storage in the earth. ###RESPONSE:

Nowadays, the main energy source is a fossil fuel which has a limited storage supply on earth.

The main energy source today is fossil fuels, which have limited storage in the earth.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Through heat transfer from tube to the water, bath water is heated. ###RESPONSE:

Through heat transfer from the tube to the water, the bath water is heated.

Through heat transfer from the tube to the water, the bath water is heated.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: The production cost of solar energy is higher than that of fossil fuel energy, which therefore impedes its popularization. ###RESPONSE:

The production cost of solar energy is higher than that of fossil fuel energy, which therefore impedes its popularity.

The production costs of solar energy are higher than those of fossil fuels, which therefore impede their popularity.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: In sum, the demand for energy supply is a current need that is closely relevant to people's lives, as it is the basis for maintaining the high living standard. ###RESPONSE:

In sum, the demand for energy supply is a current need that is closely relevant to people's lives, as it is the basis for maintaining a high living standard.

In sum, the demand for energy supply is a current need that is closely related to people's lives, as it is the basis of maintaining the high living standards.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: Yet we still have to endeavor on reducing its production cost. ###RESPONSE:

Yet we still have to work on reducing its production cost.

Yet, we still have to attempt to reduce the production costs.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Example of this is the electrosurgical device. ###RESPONSE:

An example of this is the electrosurgical device.

This is an electrosurgical device.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: It is very interesting to see that how engineering ideas can come about. ###RESPONSE:

It is very interesting to see how engineering ideas can come about.

It is very interesting to see how engineering ideas can come about.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: Then how does refrigerator come into being? ###RESPONSE:

Then how does the refrigerator come into being?

Then, how does the refrigerator come into being?

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: Some factors such as the demand of lead user, economic factors, and environmental concern actually play important roles in shaping refrigerator into its shape today. ###RESPONSE:

Some factors, such as the demand of lead users, economic factors, and environmental concerns, actually play important roles in shaping the refrigerator into its shape today.

Some factors that affect the demand for a lead user include the demand of the lead user, economic factors, and environmental concerns themselves.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: Due to the number of words limited, this essay only scratches the surface of what leads to the invention and diffusion of the refrigerator, and picks out the three most obvious factors to discuss. ###RESPONSE:

Due to the number of words being limited, this essay only scratches the surface of what led to the invention and diffusion of the refrigerator and picks out the three most obvious factors to discuss.

Due to the number of words limiting, this essay only scratches the surface of what led to the invention and diffusion of the refrigerator, and picks out the three most obvious factors to discuss.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammar mistakes: Scientists have estimated that given the current global energy consumption, we only have sufficient oil reserves to last us for another 50 years. ###RESPONSE:

Scientists have estimated that given the current global energy consumption, we will only have sufficient oil reserves to last us for another 50 years.

Scientists have estimated that given the current global energy consumption, we will only have enough oil reserves to last us for another 50 years.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: This would lead to price inflation and could cause an economic slowdown as affordability would be a concern. ###RESPONSE:

This would lead to price inflation and could cause an economic slowdown as affordability would become a concern.

This would lead to price inflation, and it may cause an economic slowdown as the affordability concerns will be a concern.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in this sentence: Therefore, governments are pouring funds into research on this field to benefit from its economic advantages. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore, governments are pouring funds into research in this field to benefit from its economic advantages.

Therefore, governments have poured funds into research on this field to benefit from its economic advantages

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Next, there is a general consensus that global warming has been greatly attributed by the rise of greenhouse emission from the burning of fossil fuels, which could have devastating and irreversible impacts. ###RESPONSE:

Next, there is a general consensus that global warming has been greatly caused by the rise of greenhouse emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, which could have devastating and irreversible impacts.

Next, there is a general consensus that global warming has been greatly attributed to the rise in greenhouse emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, which could have devastating and irreversible impacts.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: The rising temperature also gave rise to an increase in the number of heat stroke cases and could cause a potential health issue. ###RESPONSE:

The rising temperature also gives rise to an increase in the number of heat stroke cases and could cause a potential health issue.

The rising temperatures also gave rise to an increase in the number of heatstroke cases, and could potentially lead to a possible health issue.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: Therefore, the future of our planet lies in our hands and we must be socially responsible for our future generation. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore, the future of our planet lies in our hands, and we must be socially responsible for our future generations.

Therefore, the future of our planet lies in our hands; and we must be socially responsible for our future generations.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Interestedly, this significant technology was initially determined by the California and Arizona state governments inadvertently so as to tackle the issue of smog levels in Los Angeles and Phoenix at that period of time. ###RESPONSE:

Interestingly, this significant technology was initially determined by the California and Arizona state governments inadvertently so as to tackle the issue of smog levels in Los Angeles and Phoenix at that period of time.

Interestedly, this significant technological advancement was initially determined by the California and Arizona states unintentionally so as to tackle the issue of smog levels in Los Angeles and Phoenix at that period of time.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: Furthermore, leaded petrol has been commonly used by the cars consumers in the past. ###RESPONSE:

Furthermore, leaded petrol has been commonly used by consumers in the past.

Furthermore, leaded gasoline has been widely used by car consumers in the past.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: For the compressed hydrogen storage, many numerical modeling has been done through computational fluid dynamics tools. ###RESPONSE:

For compressed hydrogen storage, many numerical modeling has been done through computational fluid dynamics tools.

For the compressed hydrogen storage, many numerical models have been done using computational fluid dynamics tools.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: Besides the exciting news about hydrogen storage technology, we still need to pay attention to its dangerous. ###RESPONSE:

Besides the exciting news about hydrogen storage technology, we still need to pay attention to its dangers.

Besides the exciting news about hydrogen storage technology, we still need to pay attention to its dangers.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Although they had very different outcome, they were triggered by the same motivation to make a better world. ###RESPONSE:

Although they had very different outcomes, they were triggered by the same motivation to make a better world.

Although they had very different outcomes, they were triggered by the same motivation to make a better world.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Birth of these two types of innovations had very similar causes, such as pressure from the society or government to cater to certain needs. ###RESPONSE:

The birth of these two types of innovations had very similar causes, such as pressure from the society or government to cater to certain needs.

Birth of these two types of innovations has very similar causes, such as pressure from society or government to cater to certain needs.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: In the 1930s, farmers fed their cattle with sweet clover hay but cattle were dying from internal bleeding caused by it. ###RESPONSE:

In the 1930s, farmers fed their cattle with sweet clover hay, but these cattle were dying from internal bleeding caused by it.

In the 1930s, farmers fed their cattle with sweet clover hay but cattle were dying of internal bleeding caused by it.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Electric cars and warfarin alike, they need to be marketed and diffused for potential users to adapt. ###RESPONSE:

Electric cars and warfarin, alike need to be marketed and diffused for potential users to adapt.

Electric cars and warfarin alike, they need to be marketed and distributed for potential users to adapt.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: However, the fate of dedicated researched innovations and serendipitous innovations can differ greatly. ###RESPONSE:

However, the fate of dedicated research innovations and serendipitous innovations can differ greatly.

However, the fate of dedicated research innovations and serendipitous innovations can differ greatly.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: Innovations however profitable should not be dismissed but sell to a higher platform where it could spark other ideas or satisfy needs that are not foreseen by the parent organization. ###RESPONSE:

Innovations, however profitable, should not be dismissed but sold to a higher platform where they could spark other ideas or satisfy needs that are not foreseen by the parent organization.

Innovations, though profitable, should not be dismissed; but sold to a higher platform where they can spark other ideas or satisfy needs that are not foreseen by the parent organization.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: Given the fact that most households in Singapore share a common block, if the solar panels are fixed on the top of the buildings, will there be enough to provide sufficient electricity for the whole block, which may consists of up to eighty household users. ###RESPONSE:

Given the fact that most households in Singapore share a common block, if the solar panels are fixed on the top of the buildings, will there be enough to provide sufficient electricity for the whole block, which may consist of up to eighty household users?

Given the fact that most households in Singapore share a common block, if the solar panels are fixed at the top of the building, will there be enough to provide sufficient electricity for the entire block, which may consist of up to eight households?

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: This current situation may seems favorable theoretically for innovations such as the electric car industries to flourish. ###RESPONSE:

This current situation may seem favorable theoretically for innovations such as the electric car industries to flourish.

This current situation may seem favorable theoretically, for innovation in the electric car industries to flourish.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: Besides giving financial aid to R&D departments which helps to initiate the start of the project on electric cars, subsides and incentive may also be given to citizens who use electric cars which would increase the demand for more electric cars. ###RESPONSE:

Besides giving financial aid to R&D departments which helps to initiate the start of the project on electric cars, subsidies and incentives may also be given to citizens who use electric cars, which would increase the demand for more electric cars.

Besides giving financial aid to R&D departments that help to initiate the start of the project on electric cars, subsidies and incentives may also be given to citizens who use electric cars in order to increase the demand for more electric cars.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: This is one of the reasons why marketing strategies such as the use of promotions and advertisements is extremely important in rising the awareness and creating a need for new technologies, thus allowing a new technology to survive. ###RESPONSE:

This is one of the reasons why marketing strategies such as the use of promotions and advertisements are extremely important in raising awareness and creating a need for new technologies, thus allowing new technology to survive.

This is one of the reasons why marketing strategies such as the use of promotions and advertising are extremely important in raising awareness and creating a need for new technologies, thus allowing a new technology to survive.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: In the initial stage, the process allows engineer to identify the needs and subsequently, define the problems involved. ###RESPONSE:

In the initial stage, the process allows an engineer to identify the needs and, subsequently, define the problems involved.

In the initial stage of the process, the engineer can identify the needs and then, define the problems involved.

###INSTRUCTION: Update to remove grammar errors: However, there are limitations in the design process in meeting the need of safety. ###RESPONSE:

However, there are limitations in the design process in meeting the needs of safety.

However, there are limitations in the design process in meeting the needs of safety.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: Most of the time, an individual cannot think of all of the safety aspect of a design over few years. ###RESPONSE:

Most of the time, an individual cannot think of all of the safety aspects of a design over a few years.

Most of the time, an individual cannot think of all of the safety aspects of a design over several years.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: Secondly, generating good solutions to safety issues require creativity and, often, risking safety in the first place to better understand it. ###RESPONSE:

Secondly, generating good solutions for safety issues requires creativity and, often, risking safety in the first place to better understand it.

Secondly, generating good solutions for safety issues requires creativity and, often, risking safety in the first place to better understand them.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Lastly, determining which safety solution is feasible comes with experiences instead of being able to learn it of a book. ###RESPONSE:

Lastly, determining which safety solution is feasible comes with experience instead of being able to learn it from a book.

Lastly, determining which safety solutions are feasible come with experience rather than being able to learn them of a book.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: It met the many challenges once faced by people and safety is one of the challenges faced. ###RESPONSE:

It met many challenges once faced by people, and safety was one of the challenges faced.

It met the many challenges before, once faced by people and safety was one of the challenges faced.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: The final step is to test whether the solution is executable. ###RESPONSE:

The final step is to test whether the solution can be executed.

The final step in testing a solution is to test whether it is executable.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: This test is still under the experimentation, because of the rigorous reaction condition. ###RESPONSE:

This test is still under experimentation because of the rigorous reaction condition.

This test has yet to be subjected to experimental conditions because of the rigorous reaction conditions.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: It has also brought about much convenience and is now consider an asset to most people. ###RESPONSE:

It has also brought about much convenience and is now considered an asset to most people.

It has also brought about a lot of convenience, and it is now considered an asset to many people.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: It was because at that time, the technology was not yet advance enough for manufacturers to come up with cool and sleek designs like the mobile phones nowadays. ###RESPONSE:

It was because, at that time, the technology was not advanced enough for manufacturers to come up with cool and sleek designs like the mobile phones nowadays.

It was because at that time, the technology was not yet advanced enough for manufacturers to come up with cool and sleek designs like the mobile phones today.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Manufacturers of mobile phones have found out the disadvantages and hassles of the mobile phones in the past. ###RESPONSE:

Manufacturers of mobile phones found out the disadvantages and hassles of mobile phones in the past.

Manufacturers of mobile phones have found out the disadvantages and hassles of mobile phones in the past.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: Hence, phone manufacturers decided to take a risk by adding a few new features into the mobile phone to see whether is it acceptable in the market. ###RESPONSE:

Hence, phone manufacturers decided to take a risk by adding a few new features to the mobile phone to see whether it is acceptable in the market.

Hence, phone manufacturers decided to take a risk by adding some new features into their mobile phones to see if they are acceptable in the market.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Economic factors also played an important role in this technological innovation. ###RESPONSE:

Economic factors also play an important role in this technological innovation.

Economic factors also played a significant role in the technological innovation of this invention.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: Hence, as the cost is now lower, manufacturers are then more willing to produce and come up with more features to be added to the mobile phone to attract consumers to purchase it. ###RESPONSE:

Hence, as the cost is now lower, manufacturers are more willing to produce and come up with more features to be added to the mobile phone to attract consumers to purchase it.

Hence, as the cost has been reduced, manufacturers are now more willing to produce and come up with more features to be added to the mobile phone to attract consumers to buy them.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: This thus lead to the vast production of 3 G phones, bringing technology to the next level. ###RESPONSE:

This thus leads to the vast production of 3 G phones, bringing technology to the next level.

This thus led to the vast production of 3 G phones, bringing technology to the next level.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: In conclusion, the transformation of mobile phones from a black-grey screen to one that is so highly sophiscated is indeed something remarkable. ###RESPONSE:

In conclusion, the transformation of mobile phones from a black-grey screen to one that is so highly sophisticated is indeed remarkable.

In conclusion, the transformation of mobile phones from a black-gray screen to one that is so highly sophisicated is indeed something remarkable.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Technological advancement of a country also affects the development of the electric vehicle. ###RESPONSE:

The technological advancement of a country also affects the development of electric vehicle.

Technological advancements in a country also affect the development of the electric vehicle.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: It is only natural that nobody would want an electric car that needs recharging for every few miles it travel. ###RESPONSE:

It is only natural that nobody would want an electric car that needs recharging for every few miles it travels.

It is only natural that nobody would want an electric car that requires a long time to recharge, and so they need to be recharged periodically.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Therefore the society also plays an important role on technological innovation. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore the, society also plays an important role in technological innovation.

Therefore, society also plays a major role in technological innovation.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: As a big country with huge amount of population, implementing a new aspect will not be done easily. ###RESPONSE:

As a big country with a huge amount of population, implementing a new aspect will not be done easily.

As a big country with a large number of people, it is difficult to implement a new aspect without much difficulty.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: Since they only have one way to solve an obstacle, they will be fear of problems. ###RESPONSE:

Since they only have one way to solve an obstacle, they will be fearful of problems.

Since they only have one way to solve an obstacle, they will be afraid of problems.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: The second problem is limited amount of qualified human resources and fund. ###RESPONSE:

The second problem is the limited amount of qualified human resources and funds.

The second problem is the limited number of qualified human resources and funds.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: Consequently, these problems also impact the stages of engineering design, such as generate solutions, product safety and liability, technical, and economic analysis. ###RESPONSE:

Consequently, these problems also impact the stages of engineering design, such as generating solutions, product safety, and liability, and technical and economic analysis.

Consequently, these problems also impact the stages of engineering design, such as generating solutions, product safety, and liability, technical, and economic analyses.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Following the solution generation step, analyzing and selecting a design ensures that the ultimate solution suits best for implementation. ###RESPONSE:

Following the solution generation step, analyzing and selecting a design ensures that the ultimate solution best suited for implementation.

Following the solution generation step, analyzing and selecting a design ensures that the ultimate solution is suited to best for implementation.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: Political, social, economic changes during this period would affect the process of innovation. ###RESPONSE:

Political, social, and economic changes during this period would affect the process of innovation.

Political, social, and economic changes during this period would have affected the process of innovation.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: Furthermore, in 1994, as the cold war had ended, the US government then decided to fully open the GPS for public use. ###RESPONSE:

Furthermore, in 1994, since the cold war had ended, the US government decided to fully open the GPS for public use.

Furthermore, in 1994, as the Cold War had ended, the US government now decided to fully open the GPS for public use.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: The turning point for GPS for civilian use happened at 1983, when a civilian Korean aircraft was shot down by the Soviet Union for territory trespassing. ###RESPONSE:

The turning point for GPS for civilian use happened in 1983 when a Korean civilian aircraft was shot down by the Soviet Union for territory trespassing.

The turning point for GPS for civilian use happened in 1983, when a civilian Korean aircraft was shot down by the Soviet Union for territory trespass.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Soon after this, when the surveying market boomed in 1980s, the demand for GPS and the money generated also contributes to the development of GPS for civilian use. ###RESPONSE:

Soon after this, when the surveying market boomed in The 1980'ss, the demand for GPS and the money generated from it also contributed to the development of GPS for civilian use.

Soon after this, when the surveying market boomed in the 1980s, the demand for GPS and the money generated by the development of GPS for civilian use increased dramatically.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: The development of advanced technology mainly was carried out by government agencies. ###RESPONSE:

The development of advanced technology was mainly carried out by government agencies.

The development of advanced technology mainly took place through government agencies.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: In conclusion, political, economic, and social situation normally determine an innovation as shown in GPS. ###RESPONSE:

In conclusion, political, economic, and social situations normally determine an innovation, as shown in GPS.

In conclusion, political, economic, and social situations usually determine an innovation as shown by GPS.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Plagiarism makes university students or even graduated researchers lazy to come up with their own ideas. ###RESPONSE:

Plagiarism makes university students or even graduate researchers lazy to come up with their own ideas.

Plagiarism makes university students or even graduate researchers lazy to come up with their own ideas.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: After they search out the information for their academic use, they simply follow the original train of thought and give up thinking about a different solution on their own. ###RESPONSE:

After obtaining the information for their academic use, they simply follow the original train of thought and give up thinking about a different solution on their own.

After they have searched for information for their academic use, they simply follow the original train of thought and give up to think about a different solution on their own.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: For example, an engineering student who is doing a designing project do not have to analyze or select solutions, which is the fourth step in the engineering design process, if he wants to plagiarize from other articles. ###RESPONSE:

For example, an engineering student who is doing a design project does not have to analyze or select solutions, which is the fourth step in the engineering design process, if he chooses to plagiarize from other articles.

For example, an engineering student who is doing a designing project does not have to analyze or select solutions, which is the fourth step in the engineering design process, if he wants to plagiarize from other articles.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix all grammatical errors: Therefore, it cuts away all the experience of encountering problems during the solution analyzing and selecting and all the innovative skills he can gain from the process. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore, it removes all the experience of encountering problems during the solution analyzing and selecting phase and all the innovative skills he can gain from the process.

Therefore, it cuts off all the experiences of encountering problems during the solution analysis and selection, and all the innovative skills he can gain from the process.

###INSTRUCTION: Update to remove grammar errors: If the university cannot afford engineering students to do further testing or create an entire product, all the efforts that have been made in the previous steps become zero. ###RESPONSE:

If the university cannot afford engineering students to do further testing or create an entire product, all the efforts that have been made in the previous steps come to naught.

If the university cannot afford engineering students to do further tests or create an entire product, all the efforts that have been made in the previous steps are no longer needed.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: Its effects can be felt at almost every corner of the world and in our daily lives. ###RESPONSE:

Its effects can be felt in almost every corner of the world and in our daily lives.

Its effects can be felt everywhere, but it is most noticeable on the corners of the world and in our daily lives.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: Technological innovations can range from household appliances to industrial equipment. ###RESPONSE:

Technological innovations can range from household appliances to industrial equipment,

Technological innovations can range from household appliances to industrial equipment.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix all grammatical errors: Smallpox vaccine was first tested by Jenner in 1796. ###RESPONSE:

The smallpox vaccine was first tested by Jenner in 1796.

Smallpox vaccine was first tested by Jenner in 1796.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: One similarity of smallpox vaccine and penicillin is that they are life-saving discoveries in medicine. ###RESPONSE:

One similarity between The smallpox vaccine and penicillin is that they are life-saving discoveries in medicine.

One similarity between the smallpox vaccine and penicillin is that they are life-saving discoveries in medicine.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: In the eighteen century before Jenner discovered smallpox vaccine, smallpox was a widespread killer disease. ###RESPONSE:

In the eighteen century, before Jenner discovered The smallpox vaccine, smallpox was a widespread killer disease.

In the eighteen-century before Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine, smallpox was a widespread killer disease.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammar mistakes: After penicillin was discovered, the death rate of infection was largely decreased. ###RESPONSE:

After penicillin was discovered, the death rate by infection largely decreased.

After penicillin discovery, the death rate of infection was greatly reduced.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Smallpox vaccine is the first vaccine that people used to improve immunity to a certain disease. ###RESPONSE:

The smallpox vaccine was the first vaccine that people used to improve immunity to a certain disease.

Smallpox vaccine is the first vaccine that people use to improve their immunity to a certain disease.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: Similarly, penicillin is the first antibiotic people used to cure infections. ###RESPONSE:

Similarly, penicillin was the first antibiotic people used to cure infections.

Similarly, penicillin is the first antibiotic that was used to treat infections.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Although smallpox vaccine and penicillin have those similarities, the procedure and development of these two discoveries are different. ###RESPONSE:

Although the smallpox vaccine and penicillin have similarities, the procedure and development of these two discoveries are different.

Although smallpox vaccine and penicillin have some similarities, the procedures and development of these two discoveries are different.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: After testing his theory, he successfully discovered smallpox vaccine. ###RESPONSE:

After testing his theory, he successfully discovered the smallpox vaccine.

After testing his theory, he successfully discovered the smallpox vaccine.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: Refrigerators with better mechanism as well as working capacity are demanded by the market. ###RESPONSE:

Refrigerators with a better mechanism as well as working capacity are demanded by the market.

Refrigerators with a better mechanism as well as their working capacity are demanded by the market.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: What the customers are willing to buy gave rise to the preference of companies. ###RESPONSE:

What the customers were willing to buy gave rise to the preference of companies.

What the customers are willing to buy gives rise to a preference for companies.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: And the driving force beyond this is the purpose of saving energy and protecting limited resources on our planet. ###RESPONSE:

And the driving force behind this is the purpose of saving energy and protecting limited resources on our planet.

And the driving force beyond this is the purpose of saving energy and protecting limited resources on our planet.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence fluent: Next step will be gathering information. ###RESPONSE:

The next step will be gathering information.

Next, we'll gather information about the current situation.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammar mistakes: After collecting useful information, multiple solutions can be generated and this is the third phase for design process. ###RESPONSE:

After collecting useful information, multiple solutions can be generated, and this is the third phase of the design process.

After gathering useful information, several solutions can be generated and this is the third phase of the design process.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: The final step is implementation including testing, building and producing the solution based on design problem. ###RESPONSE:

The final step is implementation, including testing, building, and producing the solution based on the design problem.

The final step in implementing a solution to a design problem is implementation of the solution based on the design problem.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: Hence the sales of the laptops increased substantially and the companies make profits. ###RESPONSE:

Hence the sales of the laptops increased substantially, and the companies made profits.

Hence, the sales of the laptops have increased substantially and the companies made profits.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: The demands by not just the SAF but also other big militaries around the world also shaped at how the laptop was able to adapt to be just in the extreme conditions. ###RESPONSE:

The demands by not just the SAF but also other big militaries around the world also shaped how the laptop was able to adapt to be just as reliable in extreme conditions.

The demands of not only the SAF but also other big militaries around the world, as well as the laptops were able to adapt to be just in the extreme conditions.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Moreover, the technology that resulted from developing the toughbooks can be applied and used to some extend in the commercial world. ###RESPONSE:

Moreover, the technology that resulted from developing the Toughbook can be applied and used to some extent in the commercial world.

Moreover, the technology that results from developing hardcover books can be applied and used by some extent in the commercial world.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammar mistakes: The laptop is indeed an important technology that is shaped by economic and military factors, and consumer demands. ###RESPONSE:

The laptop is indeed an important technology that is shaped by economic, military factors, and consumer demands.

The laptop is indeed an important technological innovation that has been shaped by economic and military factors, and consumer demand.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: Electric cars have a very obvious shortage in their technique design. ###RESPONSE:

Electric cars have a very obvious shortage in their technical design.

Electric cars have a very obvious shortage in their technique design.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Instead, Hydrogen fuel cell was brought up to substitute the electric battery. ###RESPONSE:

Instead, a Hydrogen fuel cell was brought in to substitute the electric battery.

Instead of hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells were brought up to replace the electric battery.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammar mistakes: And since the electric cars did not have engines and some other complements, the car companies could no longer benefit from the maintenances of those cars. ###RESPONSE:

And since the electric cars did not have engines and some other components, the car companies could no longer benefit from the maintenance of those cars.

And since the electric cars did not have engines and some other complements, the car companies could no longer benefit from the maintenances of those cars.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: As for the oil companies, apparently, they could not make money from oil, if all the engine cars were substituted by electric cars. ###RESPONSE:

As for the oil companies, apparently, they could not make money from oil if all the engine-driven cars were substituted by electric cars.

As for the oil companies, obviously, they could not make money from oil if all the engine cars were replaced with electric cars.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Furthermore, other social factors contribute to the non-adoption of electric cars. ###RESPONSE:

Furthermore, other social factors contributed to the non-adoption of electric cars.

Furthermore, other social factors contribute to the non-adoption of electric cars.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: During the Cold War period, the world politics was divided between democracy and communism. ###RESPONSE:

During the Cold War period, world politics was divided between democracy and communism.

During the Cold War period, the world's political system was divided between democracy and communism.