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24. 为查明贸易商面临的限制，西非国家经济共同体(西非经共体)和国际贸易中心合作实施了区域贸易障碍警报系统。自 2020 年 6 月以来，该系统记录了超过100 次障碍报告，并解决了其中 50%以上的障碍。国际贸易中心与西非经共体的区域商业协会合作，为建立西非经共体商业理事会提供支持。国际贸易中心还为东部和南部非洲共同市场(东南非共同市场)区域内 7 个国家的小规模跨境贸易商提供协助，以便改善贸易并使跨境业务正规化。 | 24. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the International Trade Centre collaborated on the implementation of regional trade obstacles alert systems to identify constraints faced by traders. Since June 2020, the system has recorded more than 100 obstacle reports and addressed over 50 per cent of them. The International Trade Centre engaged regional business associations in ECOWAS to support the establishment of an ECOWAS business council. It also assisted small-scale cross-border traders across seven countries in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) region to improve trade an d formalize cross-border business. |
C. 创业与技能发展 | C. Entrepreneurship and skills development |
25. 工发组织在乌干达发起了一个项目，该项目将建立乌干达第一个道路施工设备操作员培训中心，制定最先进的课程，并培训 500 多名培训员和操作员。在苏丹，芝麻价值链和花生价值链上的 336 名微型农业企业家接受了创业培训。财政补助惠及 101 名受益人，得到扶持的企业创造了 321 个新岗位。埃塞俄比亚在一个支持专业技能发展的项目下成立了商用车司机培训学院。超过 1 500 名机动车驾驶员和驾驶培训员接受了培训、考试和认证，创造了 610 个新岗位，523 名驾驶员的收入水平至少提高了 40%。 | 25. UNIDO initiated a project in Uganda that will build the country’s first training centre for road construction equipment operators, develop state-of-the-art curricula and train over 500 trainers and operators. In the Sudan, 336 micro agri-entrepreneurs in the sesame and groundnut value chains were trained in entrepreneurship. Financial support was extended to 101 beneficiaries, and 321 new jobs were created by the supported enterprises. In Ethiopia, the training institute for commercial vehicle drivers was established under a project to support specialized skills development. More than 1,500 vehicle drivers and driver trainers were trained, tested and certified, 610 new jobs were created, and the income level of 523 drivers increased by at least 40 per cent. |
26. 2020 年 12 月，劳工组织与埃塞俄比亚政府签署了一项名为“埃塞俄比亚农业促进方案——推动农业企业体面工作”的新项目，着眼于食品和蔬菜、食用油和家禽部门。在埃塞俄比亚开展的另一个项目中，四个农企研究所推出了劳工组织的“维持企业竞争力与责任感”培训包，其中包括关于 COVID-19 工作场所的安全与健康以及关于 COVID-19 业务连续性规划的附加模块。在赞比亚，劳工组织参与了由瑞典国际开发合作署资助的一个项目，为培育一项促进技能发展的公私发展伙伴关系作出了贡献，这项伙伴关系着眼于可再生能源、能源效率和区域能源一体化技术。 | 26. In December 2020, ILO signed a memorandum of understanding with the Government of Ethiopia on a new project entitled “ProAgro Ethiopia – Promotion of Decent Work in Agribusiness” targeted at the food and vegetable, edible oil and poultry sectors. Under another project conducted in Ethiopia, four agri-business institutes introduced the ILO Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises training package, including additional modules on COVID-19 safety and health at work and COVID-19 business continuity planning. In Zambia, ILO contributed to the development of a public-private development partnership for skills development for renewable energy, energy efficiency and regional energy integration technologies under a project funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. |
27. 2021 年 5 月，非洲联盟发展署和生态银行集团启动了“十万家中小微企业”举措中的培训学院部分和融资部分，支持此类企业在非洲的发展。这项举措的总体目标是通过加强非洲这些企业的正规化来加快经济发展，并推动在非洲联盟 55个成员国创造体面的就业机会。其业务目标是每年向非洲超过 150 万家中小微企业提供支持，联络 80 多万家此类企业以及妇女和青年企业家，并利用非洲大陆自由贸易区为 50 多万家中小微企业进入非洲过渡市场提供便利。 | 27. In May 2021, the African Union Development Agency and Ecobank Group launched the training academy and financing components of the 100,000 micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises initiative to support the growth of such enterprises in Africa. The overarching goal of the initiative is to accelerate economic development through greater formalization of those enterprises in Africa and to promote the creation of decent jobs across the 55 African Union member States. The operational objective is to provide annual support to more than 1.5 million micro -, small and medium-sized enterprises across Africa, connect more than 800,000 such enterprises and women and young entrepreneurs, and use AfCFTA to facilitate access to transitional markets in Africa to more than 500,000 micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises. |
28. 农发基金与马达加斯加政府合作实施了一项针对年轻人的职业培训和提高农业生产力方案。迄今为止，该方案已惠及 140 414 个小土地拥有户。除培训外，项目活动还包括建造 12 个仓库、修复 23 公里的农村公路、开发 1 592 公顷灌溉地。在布隆迪开展了一项价值链发展方案，为 35 所农民田间学校和 272 家微型企业提供了支持，为受益人提供了创业工具包和培训。该方案促成建立了 545 家微型企业。 | 28. IFAD partnered with the Government of Madagascar to implement a vocational training and agricultural productivity improvement programme targeted at young people. To date, the programme has benefited 140,414 smallholder households. In addition to training, project activities included the construction of 12 storage warehouses, the rehabilitation of 23 km of rural roads and the development of 1,592 ha of irrigated land. In Burundi, a value chain development programme supported 35 farmer field schools and 272 microenterprises with the provision of start-up kits and training for beneficiaries. The programme resulted in the establishment of 545 microenterprises. |
D. 产业政策和统计 | D. Industrial policy and statistics |
29. 2021 年上半年，工发组织和非洲联盟委员会合作开展了一项价值链摸底区域研究，这将有助于包容及可持续工业发展。这项研究的主要成果将包括以下方面：制定一项可利用非洲大陆自由贸易区所提供机遇的泛非区域价值链战略；加强各国政府、区域经济共同体、非洲联盟发展署和非洲联盟委员会的机构能力；25 条具体的区域价值链的开发和升级(每个非洲次区域 5 条)。预计这项研究将有助于为非洲大陆建立一个新的工业化框架，这个框架将顾及非洲不断变化的社会经济和政治环境，包括 COVID-19 大流行造成的影响。 | 29. In the first half of 2021, UNIDO and the African Union Commission collaborated on a regional study on mapping value chains that will contribute to inclusive and sustainable industrial development. The major outcomes of the study will include the development of a pan-African regional value chain strategy that takes advantage of the opportunities offered by AfCFTA; the institutional capacity strengthening of Governments, regional economic communities, the African Union Development Agency and the African Union Commission; and the development and upgrading of 25 specific regional value chains (five in each of the African subregions). The study is expected to support the establishment of a new industrialization framework for the continent that would take into account the changing socioeconomic and political context in Africa, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
30. 非行与工发组织合作，着手制定一项用于计量非洲大陆工业化进展情况的非洲工业化指数。这项指数将综合以下方面提供非洲各国的总体排名：制成品生产和出口表现；在落实将投资和技能作为工业发展的关键投入方面所取得的进展；在实现工业化所需的其他前提条件方面取得的进展，包括基础设施、宏观经济稳定性和有利的营商环境。 | 30. AfDB, in collaboration with UNIDO, initiated work towards the development of an industrialization index of Africa, which will gauge the progress of the continent’s industrialization. The index will provide an overall ranking of African countries in terms of their performance in relation to production and export of manufactured goods; progress in putting in place investment and skills as key inputs for industrial development; and progress in establishing other preconditions for industrialization, including infrastructure, macroeconomic stability and a favourable business environment. |
31. 非洲经委会和南部非洲发展共同体(南共体)开展了一项研究，用于确定国家和区域的工业化政策和战略之间的差距以及区域工业化政策和战略在国家一级的整合情况。这项研究以马拉维、赞比亚和津巴布韦为重点，检视了南部非洲国家产业政策与南共体和东南非共同市场工业化政策和战略的契合程度或背离程度。 | 31. ECA and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) conducted a study to determine the gap between national and regional industrialization policies and strategies and the integration of the latter at the national level. Focusing on Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the study examined the extent to which the national industrial policies of Southern Africa aligned with, or departed from, those of the SADC and COMESA industrialization policies and strategies. |
32. 在 2020 年 8 月至 2021 年 3 月期间，世界知识产权组织(知识产权组织)协助三个国家起草法律条款，目的是使国家立法符合《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》。还向另外三个国家提供了关于调整国家立法、与关于专利、商标、工业品外观设计和地理标识的国际标准保持一致方面的政策建议。2021 年 3 月，知识产权组织举办了有关马德里体系的培训，来自博茨瓦纳、斯威士兰、冈比亚、加纳、肯尼亚、莱索托、利比里亚、马拉维、莫桑比克、纳米比亚、卢旺达、塞拉利昂、苏丹、赞比亚和津巴布韦的 70 名学员参加了培训。在本报告所述期间还举办了关于《专利合作条约》的培训班，吸引了来自 30 个非洲国家的 400 多人参加。 | 32. Between August 2020 and March 2021, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) provided assistance to three countries in drafting legal provisions aimed at making national legislation compatible with the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks. A further three countries were provided with policy advice on aligning national legislation with international standards on patents, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications. In March 2021, WIPO conducted training on the Madrid System with 70 participants from Botswana, Eswatini, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, the Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Training sessions on the Patent Cooperation Treaty were also conducted over the reporting period, attracting more than 400 participants from 30 African countries. |
33. 联合国开发计划署(开发署)在编制国家产业政策、相关战略计划以及落实非洲大陆自由贸易区的全国战略方面向乌干达提供了支持。在毛里求斯，开发署促成了与制造业部门开展的全国对话，内容涉及在实施非洲大陆自由贸易区时工业化所起的作用。 | 33. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) supported Uganda in the preparation for its national industrial policy and related strategic plan, as well as the national implementation strategy for AfCFTA. In Mauritius, UNDP facilitated a national dialogue with the manufacturing sector on the role of industrialization in the implementation of AfCFTA. |
34. 贸发会议、非洲经委会、工发组织和经济合作与发展组织协作编写了《埃及生产转型政策审查》。这份报告将于 2021 年 7 月发布，是第一份在非洲发布的此类报告。报告讨论了埃及参与全球价值链的情况，并确定了国内政策、投资和国际合作在加快可持续发展的同时，如何释放现有资产的潜力并培育新资产。 | 34. UNCTAD, ECA, UNIDO and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development collaborated on the Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt. The report, to be launched in July 2021 and the first of its kind to be released in Africa, discusses the participation of Egypt in global value chains and identifies ways in which domestic policy, investment and international cooperation can unlock the potential of existing assets and foster new ones, while accelerating sustainable development. |
35. 工发组织开展了工业诊断，作为制定国家伙伴关系方案和国家方案的基线。这些诊断除其他外涉及以下各个方面：查明推动包容及可持续工业发展时的机遇和瓶颈；审查现有的相关工业政策和战略；在顾及社会和环境框架条件的同时，确定最具发展影响潜力的工业部门和重点领域；对潜在发展伙伴和可提供协同增效机会的干预措施进行摸底调查。已完成对赞比亚的诊断并已启动对科特迪瓦、几内亚和苏丹的诊断。 | 35. UNIDO conducted industrial diagnostics that serve as baselines for the development of programmes for country partnership and country programmes. The diagnostics involve, inter alia, the identification of both opportunities and bottlenecks for advancing inclusive and sustainable industrial development; a review of existing relevant industrial policies and strategies; the identification of the industrial subsectors and focus areas with the greatest potential for developmental impact while taking into account social and environmental framework conditions; and the mapping of potential development partners and interventions with opportunities for synergy. The diagnostics were completed in Zambia and initiated in Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and the Sudan. |
E. 经济特区和工业园区 | E. Special economic zones and industrial parks |
36. 工发组织继续支持工业园区的发展。2021 年 2 月至 5 月期间，埃塞俄比亚在工发组织协助下、在国别伙伴关系方案框架内建立的四个试点综合农工业园区有三个已落成。2021 年 1 月在肯尼亚启动了国别伙伴关系自主方案，在中国的资助下，在尼亚米拉郡开始进行技术合作，建立农产品转化综合农工业园。2021 年 4月，埃及和工发组织签署了一项为期 5 年、数额为 1.72 亿欧元的国别伙伴关系方案，重点是产业政策和治理、投资促进和绿色产业。2020 年 12 月在南非启动了全球生态工业园区方案。该方案由瑞士国家经济事务秘书处资助，将改善工业园区的环境、经济和社会绩效以及竞争优势，为加强经济发展做出贡献。 | 36. UNIDO continued to support the development of industrial parks. Between February and May 2021, three of the four pilot integrated agro-industrial parks established with UNIDO assistance within the framework of the programme for country partnership were inaugurated in Ethiopia. A self-starter programme for country partnership was launched in Kenya in January 2021, and technical cooperation on the establishment of an integrated agro-industrial park for the transformation of agricultural produce began in Nyamira County, funded by China. In April 2021, Egypt and UNIDO signed a five-year €172 million programme for country partnership that focuses on industrial policy and governance, investment promotion and green industry. A global eco-industrial parks programme was launched in South Africa in December 2020. Funded by the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland, the programme will improve the environmental, economic and social performance and competitive advantage of industrial parks, contributing to strengthening economic development. |
37. 东南非共同市场在赞比亚和津巴布韦率先开展了一个联合工业化项目，目标是发展一个共用农工业园区。2021 年 3 月，两国签署了一份谅解备忘录，为加强非洲经委会、工发组织、东南非共同市场和非行之间的合作提供机遇。非洲经委会为预可行性研究提供了支持，同时向非行提交了 1 500 万美元的款项申请。2021年 5 月，东南非共同市场制定了两项关键的政策工具为实施非洲大陆自由贸易区提供支持，即东南非共同市场经济特区管理框架以及东南非共同市场当地含量政策框架实施战略。 | 37. COMESA spearheaded a joint industrialization project in Zambia and Zimbabwe aimed at developing a common agro-industrial park. The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding in March 2021 that offers opportunities for enhanced collaboration between ECA, UNIDO, COMESA and AfDB. ECA provided support for a pre-feasibility study, while a $15 million application grant was submitted to AfDB. In May 2021, COMESA developed two key policy instruments to support the implementation of AfCFTA: the COMESA framework for managing special economic zones; and an implementation strategy of the COMESA local content policy framework. |
38. 非洲进出口银行协助马拉维出口发展基金为两个工业园区编写可行性研究报告，这两个工业园区将促进工业化并扶持农企发展。在贝宁，非洲进出口银行正在支持 Glo-Djigbé 经济特区的发展，特别是腰果和棉花转化。多哥正在打造一个以棉包为特色的综合工业物流园区。在布基纳法索，该行正在为建立工业生产基地、将当地棉纤维综合加工为成品和半成品提供支持。 | 38. The African Export-Import Bank assisted the Export Development Fund of Malawi in preparing feasibility studies for two industrial parks that will promote industrialization and agribusiness. In Benin, the bank is supporting the development of the Glo-Djigbé special economic zone, in particular for cashew and cotton transformation. An integrated industrial and logistics park is under development in Togo that will focus on cotton bales. In Burkina Faso, the bank is supporting the establishment of an industrial complex for the integrated processing of local cotton fibre into finished and semi-finished products. |
39. 阿拉伯非洲经济发展银行为刚果、埃塞俄比亚和几内亚的工业区发展提供支持。在几内亚，该行为建立 Fangi 工业区提供了 2 800 万美元，并承诺为刚果一个工业区提供 5 000 万美元。在埃塞俄比亚，该行正在为一个旨在提高综合农工业区农业生产率、青年就业和农业价值链发展的项目提供 5 000 万美元的资金。 | 39. The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa supported the development of industrial zones in the Congo, Ethiopia and Guinea. In Guinea, a sum of $28 million was provided for the establishment of Fangi industrial zone, while $50 million was pledged for an industrial zone in the Congo. In Ethiopia, the bank is financing $50 million for a project to raise the agricultural productivity of integrated agro-industrial zones, youth employment and the development of agricultural value chains. |
40. 非洲联盟开发署正与工发组织和其他利益攸关方合作，敲定关于在非洲各地建立和扩大综合农业食品园区的指导方针。这些指导方针将提出最佳做法和指导工具，支持会员国和合作伙伴解决与工业园区规划、运营、融资和管理有关的问题。 | 40. The African Union Development Agency is working with UNIDO and other stakeholders to formalize guidelines on the establishment and scaling-up of integrated agrifood parks across Africa. The guidelines present best practices and guidance tools to support Member States and partners on issues related to industrial park planning, operation, financing and management. |
F. 制药工业和 COVID-19 | F. Pharmaceutical industries and COVID-19 |
41. 工发组织在制药领域实施了各种项目。布基纳法索、科特迪瓦、几内亚、肯尼亚、马达加斯加和尼日利亚在开展卫生保健和个体防护装备方面的当地生产方面得到了支持。在南非启动了一个以医疗废物管理为重点的项目。工发组织与西非卫生组织合作，正在为西非经共体区域的药品制造部门制定和协调一项综合方案。工发组织还围绕 COVID-19 对工业的影响开展了一系列调查，调查结果将为其 2022 年版《工业发展报告》提供关键信息。 | 41. UNIDO implemented various projects in the area of pharmaceuticals. Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar and Nigeria received support in the local production of health care and personal protective equipment. A project focusing on medical waste management was initiated in South Africa. In collaboration with the West African Health Organization, UNIDO is developing and coordinating a comprehensive programme for the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector in the ECOWAS region. UNIDO also conducted a number of surveys on the impact of COVID-19 on industry, the findings of which will serve as a key input to the 2022 edition of its Industrial Development Report. |
42. 2020 年 6 月，商品共同基金启动了数额为 200 万美元的紧急流动资金安排，在依赖初级商品的发展中国家为受疫情影响而挣扎求存的合资格中小企业提供紧急流动资本支持。共同基金执行局还为极其有需要的企业修改共同基金贷款的偿还时间表，从而帮助中小企业抵御疫情的负面影响。 | 42. In June 2020, the Common Fund for Commodities launched a $2 million emergency liquidity facility to provide urgent working capital support to qualifying small and medium-sized enterprises struggling with the impact of the pandemic in commodity-dependent developing countries. The Common Fund Executive Board also helped small and medium-sized enterprises to withstand the negative effects of the pandemic by amending repayment schedules of Common Fund loans in compelling cases. |
43. 在本报告所述期间，非洲联盟发展署发起了一项举措，以加快制定非洲在提高对当前和未来大流行病应对能力时的本地解决方案。“大流行病应对能力加速方案”帮助非洲的医疗卫生相关企业提高卫生保健能力，减少对外部医疗供应链的依赖。这项举措是非洲联盟发展署和日本国际协力机构的一项伙伴合作，得到了波士顿咨询集团和其他公共和私人组织的支持。这项举措在东非共同体地区完成试点阶段之后，将于 2021 年下半年推广到非洲其他地区。 | 43. Over the reporting period, the African Union Development Agency launched an initiative to accelerate African home-grown solutions to improve resilience to current and future pandemics. The Pandemic Resilience Accelerator helps African health - related businesses to improve their health-care capacity and reduce their reliance on external medical supply chains. The initiative is a partnership between the Afri can Union Development Agency and the Japan International Cooperation Agency, with support from the Boston Consulting Group and other public and private organizations. After its pilot phase in the East African Community region, it will be extended to the rest of Africa in the second half of 2021. |
44. 世卫组织、非洲联盟委员会和非洲联盟发展署继续为成立非洲医药署而努力。为获得成立该署所需的 15 份批准书，已开展宣传工作。截至 2020 年 9 月，已有 17 个非洲联盟成员国签署了成立条约，其中 5 个国家批准了条约。该署将规范和协调当地医疗产品的生产，确保非洲市场产品的安全、质量和功效。 | 44. WHO, the African Union Commission and the African Union Development Agency continued to work on the establishment of the African Medicine Agency. Advocacy work was carried out to obtain the 15 ratifications required to set up the agency. As of September 2020, 17 African Union member States had signed the treaty, of which 5 had ratified it. The agency will regulate and harmonize the local manufacture of medical products, ensuring the safety, quality and effectiven ess of products for the African market. |
45. 非行和工发组织开始着手研究 COVID-19 对工业的影响。已在科特迪瓦、刚果民主共和国、肯尼亚、毛里求斯、卢旺达、塞内加尔、南非、突尼斯和赞比亚开展了公司层面的调查，以便进行循证研究，并为制定和实施工业部门经济恢复和复原力措施的决策工作提供指导。这份报告预计在 2021 年 9 月发布。工发组织还与非行合作编写了题为“COVID-19 大流行管理：对摩洛哥农业企业的影响研究和恢复战略建议”的报告。 | 45. AfDB and UNIDO embarked on a study on the impact of COVID-19 on industry. Firm-level surveys were conducted in Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Mauritius, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia and Zambia to generate evidence-based research and guide policymaking for the design and implementation of economic recovery and resilience measures for the industrial sector. The report is expected to be published in September 2021. UNIDO also collaborated with AfDB on a report entitled “COVID-19 pandemic management: study of the impact on the Moroccan agri-business industries and a proposal of recovery strategy”. |
G. 可再生能源和能效 | G. Renewable energy and energy efficiency |
46. 工发组织继续在撒哈拉以南非洲主持私营融资咨询网络方案，该方案为企业家提供有关发展中国家气候适应和清洁能源项目的经营辅导。到目前为止，该网络已经支持了 126 个项目，吸引了 17 亿美元的投资。工发组织还扩大了区域可持续能源中心全球网络方案，于 2021 年 6 月正式批准在罗安达设立一个中部非洲可再生能源和能源效率中心。 | 46. UNIDO continued to host the Private Financing Advisory Network programme in sub-Saharan Africa, which provides entrepreneurs with business coaching on climate adaptation and clean energy projects in developing countries. To date, the Network has supported 126 projects, leading to an investment of $1.7 billion. UNIDO also expanded the Global Network of Regional Sustainable Energy Centres programme with the formal approval in June 2021 for the establishment of a centre for renewable energy and energy efficiency for Central Africa, to be located in Luanda. |
47. 联合国项目事务署(项目署)和开发署启动了一个项目，在布基纳法索、马里和尼日尔安装太阳能微型电网。该项目包括发展公共和私营部门的当地能力，以便有效运营和维护电网。在几内亚和尼日利亚，“可持续基础设施影响力投资”倡议承诺调动资源，再建造 25 万套可持续和负担得起的住房。这些住房将采用绿色技术，在建造时将利用当地的技能和设备，为当地民众提供数千个新的就业机会，促进当地经济发展。 | 47. The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) and UNDP launched a project to install solar-powered mini-grids in Burkina Faso, Mali and the Niger. The project covers the development of local capacity in both the public and priva te sectors for the effective operation and maintenance of the grids. In Guinea and Nigeria, the Sustainable Investments in Infrastructure and Innovation initiative pledged to mobilize resources to build an additional 250,000 sustainable and affordable home s. The homes will incorporate green technology and will be built using local skills and equipment, providing thousands of new employment opportunities for local people and contributing to local economic development. |
48. 粮农组织和工发组织正在参与一个资金数额为 2 760 万美元的项目，以改善科特迪瓦小户农民的生物能源生产。该项目的重点是加快利用来自农业和林业的生物量和生物能源用于农村发电和能源生产。粮农组织侧重于农业废物的产生和收集，工发组织则参与能源转化、分配和营销。 | 48. FAO and UNIDO are engaged in a $27.6 million project to improve bioenergy production by smallholder farmers in Côte d’Ivoire. The project focuses on accelerating the use of biomass and bioenergy sources from agriculture and forestry for rural electricity and energy generation. While FAO is concentrating on agricultural waste production and collection, UNIDO is involved in energy transformation, distribution and marketing. |
49. 工发组织与国际小水电网络和区域可持续能源中心全球网络合作，编制了《小水电技术准则》，就如何改进小水电政策向会员国提供指导，以便更好地根据国情融入最先进的小水电技术。与大多数非洲国家尤其相关的完整准则将于2021 年发布。 | 49. UNIDO, in collaboration with the International Network on Small Hydro Power and the Global Network of Regional Sustainable Energy Centres, compiled the Small Hydropower Technical Guidelines, which provide guidance to Member States on ways to improve small hydropower policies in order to better integrate state-of-the-art small hydropower technologies in the national context. The complete guidelines, which are of particular relevance for most countries in Africa, will be released in 2021. |
50. 2020 年 9 月，环境署与丹麦科技大学合作，与肯尼亚和国际利益攸关方联袂制定了《2020 年肯尼亚能源效率和节能国家战略》。该战略提供了路线图，说明如何通过大幅增加与能源有关的审计次数等途径制定和实现能源效率目标。 | 50. In September 2020, UNEP, in partnership with the Technical University of Denmark, joined forces with Kenyan and international stakeholders to develop the Kenya National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy 2020. The strategy provides a road map for setting and achieving energy efficiency goals through, inter alia, a significant increase in the number of energy-related audits. |
H. 环境和气候变化 | H. Environment and climate change |
51. 工发组织为由全球环境基金供资、数额为 700 万美元的加纳塑料部门循环经济项目争取到了超过 8 000 万美元的共同融资。在日本的资助下，工发组织在埃及、肯尼亚和尼日利亚开展了塑料价值链研究，确定推动塑料循环经济时的差距和需求。在南非，工发组织帮助制定了一项行动计划，推动在本地生产塑料的可持续替代品。在全球一级，工发组织和中欧大学为来自 20 个非洲国家的学员举办了关于“绿色工业化：实现包容及可持续工业发展的途径”的暑期课程。 | 51. UNIDO secured more than $80 million in co-financing for a $7 million Global Environment Facility-funded project on a circular economy for the plastic sector in Ghana. With funding from Japan, UNIDO conducted plastic value chain studies in Egypt, Kenya and Nigeria to identify gaps and needs for promoting a circular economy for plastics. In South Africa, UNIDO helped to develop an action plan to promote the local production of sustainable alternatives to plastic. At the global level, UNIDO and the Central European University organized a summer course on “Green industrialization: pathways towards inclusive and sustainable industrial development” for participants from 20 African countries. |
52. 环境署调集了 9 万美元，用于在埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚实施一个让保健基础设施更环保的项目。另外还调集了 75 000 美元，用于实施关于如何通过消费选择推动绿色技术的项目。环境署、粮农组织、《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》以及其他 10 个机构和开发银行继续支持“撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城”倡议，该倡议致力于通过种植植被和恢复从塞内加尔到吉布提的 1 亿公顷土地来防治土地退化、荒漠化和干旱。这项倡议获得了未来十年数额达 140 亿美元的额外资金承诺。 | 52. UNEP mobilized $90,000 for the implementation of a project on greening health infrastructure in Ethiopia and Kenya. An additional $75,000 was mobilized to implement a project on how to promote green technology through consumption choices. UNEP, FAO, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa and 10 other agencies and development banks continued to support the Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative, which strives to combat land degradation, desertification and drought by growing vegetation and restoring a band of land covering 100 million hectares from Senegal to Djibouti. The initiative received $14 billion in additional funding pledges for the next 10 years. |
53. 2021 年 3 月，开发署、环境署、工发组织和养护国际宣布了全球环境基金资助的全球黄金方案开始第二阶段，目标是将手工和小规模采金业转变为更安全、更清洁、更有利可图的部门。在本报告所述期间，该方案第一阶段开展的活动包括审查手工和小规模采金业政策框架，确定 3 000 名有资格获得支助的手工采金者，审查各种融资方案，设计一个无汞加工厂以及分析黄金市场和供应链。在布基纳法索，工发组织继续致力于该部门的汞去除工作，包括为以下方面提供支持：将该部门正规化；为融资和进入国际黄金市场提供便利；培训和推广最佳做法；认识与知识转移。 | 53. In March 2021, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO and Conservation International announced the second phase of the Global Environment Facility-funded planetGOLD programme aimed at transforming artisanal and small-scale gold mining into a safer, cleaner and more profitable sector. Activities undertaken during the reporting period under the first phase of the programme included the review of the artisanal and small-scale gold mining policy framework, the identification of 3,000 artisanal miners eligible for support, the review of financing options, the design of a mercury-free processing plant and an analysis of the gold market and supply chain. In Burkina Faso, UNIDO continued work on mercury elimination in the sector by supporting the formalization of the sector; the facilitation of finance and access to international gold markets; the training and scaling of best practices; and awareness knowledge transfer. |
54. 《联合国气候变化框架公约》、西非经共体、南共体和东非共同体于 2020 年10 月启动了一个基于需求的融资项目，目的是帮助制定一项战略，以便更好地获取和调动气候融资，用于实施优先的缓解适应行动。这个项目包括对超过 46 个参与国的气候融资需求和融资流量进行评估，以及协助制定区域气候融资战略。《框架公约》还为 2020 年 12 月生效的肯尼亚标准化电网排放系数基线的制定以及西非电力联营标准化基线的更新提供了支持。 | 54. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, ECOWAS, SADC and the East Africa Community launched a needs-based finance project in October 2020 to help with the development of a strategy to enhance access to and the mobilization of climate finance for the implementation of priority mitigation and adaptation actions. The project includes an assessment of the climate finance needs and flows of more than 46 participating countries, as well as assistance in the development of regional climate finance strategies. The Framework Convention also supported the development of a standardized baseline grid emission factor for Kenya that came into force in December 2020, as well as an update of the West African Power Pool standardized baseline. |
55. 工发组织和环境署继续共同主持《联合国气候变化框架公约》技术机制的执行机构——气候技术中心和网络。在本报告所述期间，气候技术中心和网络实施了一个项目，目的是加强当地能力，实施西非经共体关于通过技术和能力建设将性别观点纳入能源获取主流的政策。布基纳法索、马里和尼日尔通过将性别问题纳入新能源政策、能力建设、知识交流、投资促进和商业发展的主流，努力改善获取负担得起、可靠和可持续的能源。 | 55. UNIDO and UNEP continued to co-host the Climate Technology Centre and Network, the operational arm of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Mechanism. Over the reporting period, the Climate Technology Centre and Network implemented a project to strengthen the local capacity to operationalize the ECOWAS policy for gender mainstreaming in energy access through technology and capacity-building. Burkina Faso, Mali and the Niger received support in their efforts to improve access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy through mainstreaming gender in new energy policies, capacity - building, knowledge exchange, investment promotion and business development. |
56. 原子能机构“增加供水项目”支持各国努力将同位素水文学的使用纳入国家水利基础设施和方案，该项目已在贝宁、喀麦隆、加纳、尼日尔和尼日利亚实施，现已扩大到马里、塞内加尔和多哥。原子能机构利用该项目对斯威士兰进行了深入的情况分析，为该国第一个同位素水文项目做准备。 | 56. The IAEA Water Availability Enhancement Project, which supports countries’ efforts to integrate the use of isotope hydrology into national water infrastructure and programmes, was expanded to Mali, Senegal and Togo, following its implementation in Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, the Niger and Nigeria. The Project was us ed to perform an in-depth situation analysis for Eswatini in preparation for its first isotope hydrology project. |
I. 信息和通信技术 | I. Information and communications technology |
57. 在本报告所述期间，工发组织实施了若干个促进第四次工业革命(即工业 4.0)的方案和项目。在纳米比亚，工发组织支持使用机器学习模式对金合欢属进行摸底调查，以提高农业部门和相关价值链的绩效。2020 年 8 月向加纳食品和药物管理局化妆品实验室的分析师提供了智能眼镜，用于开展虚拟评估并获得远程帮助。2021 年 6 月，工发组织在埃塞俄比亚启动了第一个创意中心，为创意产业和创业提供支持。该中心将提供对 3D 打印机、激光切割机和数字图书馆等数字工具的访问，并将鼓励数字支付。 | 57. During the reporting period, UNIDO implemented a number of programmes and projects on the promotion of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. In Namibia, it supported the use of a machine-learning model for the mapping of acacia species to enhance the performance of the agricultural sector and related value chains. In August 2020, analysts at the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority cosmetic laboratory were provided with smart glasses to conduct a virtual assessment and obtain remote assistance. In June 2021, UNIDO launched the first creative hub in Ethiopia to support creative industries and entrepreneurship. The hub will provide access to digital instruments, including 3D printers, laser cutters and digital libraries, and will encourage digital payments. |
58. 世界银行集团继续实施非洲数字经济倡议，解决数字基础设施、数字技能、数字平台、数字金融服务和数字创业等五个领域的差距。在索马里，数额为3 100万美元的数字提升项目在继续开展，该项目帮助建立了一项新的中小微企业融资机制，其结构符合私营部门原则，目的是取得比典型信贷额度大得多的公共资金杠杆作用。总体而言，世界银行集团可能会通过国际复兴开发银行窗口和国际开发协会窗口以及额外通过私营部门众筹，预计支出约 250 亿美元。 | 58. The World Bank Group continued to implement the Digital Economy for Africa Initiative, which addresses gaps in five areas, namely, digital infrastructure, digital skills, digital platforms, digital financial services and digital entrepreneurship. Wor k continued in Somalia on a $31 million digital uplift project that has helped to establish a new micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises financing facility structured on private sector principles and designed to attain far greater leverage of public fu nds than a typical line of credit. Overall, the World Bank Group is likely to spend an estimated $25 billion through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association windows and additional crowdfunding through the private sector. |
59. 国际电信联盟(国际电联)与开发署、粮农组织、世卫组织、联合国儿童基金会和联合国教育、科学及文化组织(教科文组织)合作，正在推动实施“尼日尔 2.0智慧村”项目，该项目旨在利用数字技术打开偏远或得不到充分服务的地区，从而缩小城乡差距。项目目标是使约 15 000 个行政村加速实现 85%以上人口连接网络并为这项工作提供便利。世界银行集团已承诺向这项举措提供 1 亿美元。粮农组织继续实施“千个数字村”倡议，以促进世界各地村庄和小城镇的数字化转型，并最终将其转变为数字村中心，将电子商务、无人机、大数据、云平台、气候智能农业和其他解决方案引入农村地区。 | 59. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in collaboration with UNDP, FAO, WHO, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), is contributing to the implementation of the Niger 2.0 Smart Villages project, which aims to reduce disparities between urban and rural areas by digitally opening up remote or underserved areas. The objective is to enable about 15,000 administrative villages to accelerate and facilitate the connection of more than 85 per cent of the population. The World Bank Group has pledged $100 million to the initiative. FAO continued to operationalize the 1,000 Digital Villages initiative to promote the digital transformation of village s and small towns across the world and, ultimately, to convert them into digital village hubs and introduce e-commerce, drones, big data, cloud platforms, climate-smart agriculture and other solutions to rural areas. |
60. 经济和社会事务部与教科文组织、国际电联、非洲经委会和联合国其他区域经济和社会委员会合作，于 2020 年 7 月出版了两年一度的《联合国电子政务调查》，跟踪 193 个会员国包括非洲 54 个国家的电子政务发展情况。这项调查着重指出了在公共部门使用信息和通信技术以及扩大在线服务方面的区域趋势，以及非洲数字化转型的挑战和机遇。2022 年版的筹备工作正在进行中。 | 60. The Department of Economic and Social Affairs collaborated with UNESCO, ITU, ECA and the other regional economic and social commissions of the United Nations to publish its biennial United Nations E-Government Survey in July 2020, tracking e-government development for the 193 Member States, including the 54 countries in Africa. The survey highlights regional trends in the use of information and communications technology in the public sector and the expansion of online services, as well as the challenges and opportunities for digital transformation in Africa. Preparation for the 2022 edition is under way. |
61. 国际贸易中心实施了一个由世界银行集团资助的项目，目标是利用虚拟市场作为扩大出口市场和开辟商业机会的新渠道，增加由突尼斯妇女领导的中小微企业的出口。该项目培训了一个电子商务顾问核心小组，他们为 130 家此类企业提供辅导和咨询服务，让这些企业能够利用虚拟市场作为推广和销售产品和服务的有效方式。 | 61. The International Trade Centre implemented a project funded by the World Bank Group that aims to increase exports from women-led micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises in Tunisia through virtual marketplaces as a new channel to expand export markets and open up business opportunities. The project trained a core group of e-commerce advisors who are providing coaching and advisory services to 130 such enterprises, enabling them to use the virtual marketplaces as an effective way to promote and sell their products and services. |
J. 外联和全球论坛 | J. Outreach and global forums |
62. 工发组织、非洲联盟委员会、非洲经委会、非洲联盟发展署和“非洲锦标”公私伙伴关系倡议于 2020 年 11 月共同举办了“非洲工业化周”。这项活动吸引了超过 2 500 名参与者虚拟参与，提供了一个平台，讨论对加强非洲大陆工业化(包括工业 4.0)具有重要战略意义的领域、区域价值链、贸易能力建设、可再生能源、农产品加工业、工业园区和制药工业等。其中一项主要成果是发表了一份宣言，该宣言旨在推动持续采取具体行动，迎接将于 2021 年 11 月举行的工业化和经济多样化非洲联盟首脑会议。工发组织组织了一次会外活动推出 2020 年版《竞争性工业绩效报告》，其中包括对非洲工业竞争力的广泛分析，并介绍了可持续发展目标 9 行业跟踪系统的应用。 | 62. UNIDO, the African Union Commission, ECA, the African Union Development Agency and the AfroChampions Initiative co-organized the Africa Industrialization Week in November 2020. With more than 2,500 virtual participants, the event provided a platform to discuss areas of strategic importance to enhancing the industrialization of the continent (including Industry 4.0), regional value -chains, trade capacity-building, renewable energy, agro-industry, industrial parks and the pharmaceutical industry. A major outcome was a declaration to sustain the momentum for concrete actions leading to the African Union Summit on Industrialization and Economic Diversification to be held in November 2021. UNIDO organized a side event to launch the 2020 edition of the Competitive Industrial Performance Report, which includes an extensive analysis of the industrial competitiveness of Africa and introduced the application of an industry tracker for Sustainable Development Goal 9. |
63. 国际贸易中心和工发组织与布基纳法索常驻日内瓦代表团合作，于 2020 年 10月 6 日庆祝世界棉花日。这次活动提供了机遇，讨论如何将棉花作为具有推动工业化和创造就业潜力的包容及可持续价值链，参加活动的有非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家组织、欧洲联盟、贝宁、布基纳法索、乍得、马里和私营部门等利益攸关方。 | 63. The International Trade Centre and UNIDO partnered with the Permanent Mission of Burkina Faso in Geneva to celebrate World Cotton Day, on 6 October 2020. The event, which was attended by stakeholders, including the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, the European Union, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali and the private sector, offered an opportunity to discuss ways of addressing cotton as a sustainable and inclusive value chain with the potential to drive industrialization and job creation. |
64. 2021 年 3 月，非行、国际贸易中心和工发组织组织了一次关于“落实非洲大陆自由贸易区：加大私营部门参与和承诺的必要性”的网络研讨会。400 多名与会者参加了研讨会，重点讨论了如何促进私营部门参与有关贸易、投资和基础设施的政策对话、采取何种战略加强中小微企业的参与以及有必要建立更多伙伴关系来吸引对有前途的行业的投资。 | 64. In March 2021, AfDB, the International Trade Centre and UNIDO organized a webinar on “Implementing the AfCFTA: the need for deepening private sector engagement and commitment”. Attended by more than 400 participants, discussions focused on boosting private sector involvement in policy dialogues on trade, investment and infrastructure, strategies to increase participation by micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises and the need for greater partnerships to attract investment in promising industries. |
65. 最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家高级代表办公室于 2021年5月在纽约主办了第五次联合国最不发达国家问题会议政府间筹备委员会第一次会议。筹备委员会的任务是商定新一版《最不发达国家行动纲领》的内容，而讨论的结果将为筹备委员会的工作提供信息。工发组织于 2021 年 5 月 24 日举办了题为“最不发达国家制造业的未来：疫后时代第一课”的会外活动，为减轻COVID-19 对最不发达国家制造业的影响而采取的政策对策提供了具体实例。 | 65. The Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States hosted the first session of the Intergovernmental Preparatory Committee for the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries in New York, in May 2021. The outcomes of the discussions will feed into the work of the Preparatory Committee, which has the mandate to agree on elements of the new Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries. A UNIDO side event held on 24 May 2021 on “The future of manufacturing in least developed countries: first lessons for the post-pandemic era” provided anecdotal evidence of policy responses to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the manufacturing sector of least developed countries. |
66. 国际贸易中心与阿拉伯马格里布联盟合作，于 2021 年 3 月 30 日举办了题为“在北非实施非洲大陆自由贸易区：中小微企业成长与一体化新机遇”的网络研讨会。研讨会提供了机会，让政策制定者、贸易和投资支持机构以及中小微企业了解非洲大陆自由贸易区所提供的机遇，讨论北非此类企业在进入北非市场和新的非洲单一市场时面临的挑战，并提出一项旨在在非洲大陆自由贸易区背景下发展贸易和投资的行动计划。 | 66. In partnership with the Arab Maghreb Union, the International Trade Centre hosted a webinar on 30 March 2021 on “Operationalizing the AfCFTA in North Africa: new opportunities for micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises growth and integration”. The webinar provided an opportunity to inform policymakers, trade and investment support institutions and micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises of the opportunities offered by AfCFTA, discuss challenges faced by such enterprises in North Africa in gaining access to the North African market and the new African single market, and propose an action plan aimed at developing trade and investment in the context of AfCFTA. |
67. 2021 年 4 月，欧洲投资银行与欧洲联盟合作主办了“欧洲联盟-非洲绿色会谈”，与非洲和欧洲伙伴交流加快可持续发展、绿色投资和疫后恢复的最佳做法、伙伴关系和切实解决方案。会谈是在 4 月 23 日里斯本举行的欧洲联盟-非洲绿色投资高级别论坛之前举行的。 | 67. In April 2021, the European Investment Bank, in partnership with the European Union, hosted the European Union-Africa Green Talks to discuss best practices, partnerships and practical solutions to accelerate sustainable development, green investment and post-pandemic recovery with African and European partners. The talks were held ahead of the High-level European Union-Africa Green Investment Forum, which was held in Lisbon on 23 April. |
K. 伙伴关系和资源调动 | K. Partnerships and resource mobilization |
68. 2021 年 10 月，非行在开展工业化和金融部门支持项目过程中，批准向马达加斯加的工业和金融部门提供 1 452 万欧元优惠贷款。2020 年 11 月，非行向坦桑尼亚联合共和国提供了 799 800 美元，用于资助非洲特许经营加速器项目，该项目旨在推动将特许经营作为国家发展中小企业的一种途径。同样在 11 月，非行批准向科特迪瓦提供 25 万美元赠款，用于支持旨在提高工业竞争力和创造就业机会的工业服务改善项目。 | 68. In October 2021, AfDB approved support for the industrial and financial sectors of Madagascar with a concessional loan of €14.52 million as part of the Industrialization and Financial Sector Support Project. In November 2020, the bank granted $799,800 to the United Republic of Tanzania to finance the Africa Franchise Accelerator Project, which is designed to promote franchising as a national tool for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Also in November, AfDB approved a grant of UA250,000 to Côte d’Ivoire to support the Industrial Services Improvement Project, which is aimed at improving the competitiveness of industry and creating jobs. |
69. 联合国资本发展基金总共部署了 3 010 万美元，用于降低可融资中小企业和数字解决方案的风险。这些投资从私营和公共部门资助方那里额外释放了 8 350万美元的金融和催化杠杆。在乌干达，资发基金的混合融资机制向 11 家中小型农企提供了 90 万美元的优惠资金，撬动了 390 万美元的自有股权捐款以及金融机构的额外资源。这项援助预计将创造 500 多个新岗位，并为超过 7.5 万名小户农民增加进入市场的机会。在几内亚，资发基金建立了一项地方发展筹资新机制，目的是预留一定百分比的采矿特许权使用费，用于政府间财政转移，该机制已带来 500 万美元的财政转移。 | 69. The United Nations Capital Development Fund deployed a total of $30.1 million to de-risk bankable small and medium-sized enterprises and digital solutions. The investments unlocked an additional $83.5 million in financial and catalytic leverage from private and public sector funders. In Uganda, the blended finance facility of the Fund provided $0.9 million in concessional funding for 11 agricultural small and medium-sized enterprises that leveraged $3.9 million in own equity contributions and in additional resources from financial institutions. The assistance is expected to create more than 500 new jobs and increase market access for over 75,000 smallholder farmers. In Guinea, the Fund created a new funding mechanism on local developme nt aimed at reserving a percentage of mining royalties for intergovernmental fiscal transfers, resulting in a $5 million transfer. |
70. 2020 年，欧洲投资银行为非洲各地新的私人和公共投资提供了 50 亿欧元，其中 24 亿欧元用于支持私营部门。总体而言，该行对非洲投资的支持比前一年增加了 50%。工发组织和该行继续在埃塞俄比亚 Modjo 皮革工业园金额为 880 万美元的“皮革促进创造可持续就业”项目上开展合作，目的是支持民众特别是青年男女获得融资。 | 70. In 2020, the European Investment Bank provided €5 billion for new private and public investment across Africa, of which €2.4 billion was in support of the private sector. Overall, the bank backing for investment in Africa represented a 50 per cent increase over the previous year. UNIDO and the bank continued to collaborate on the $8.8 million Leather Initiative for Sustainable Employment Creation project in the Modjo leather industrial park, in Ethiopia, with the objective to support access to finance, especially for young men and women. |
71. 在本报告所述期间，非洲各地正在执行商品共同基金的 7 个农业商品项目，价值 2 100 万美元。在肯尼亚，共同基金提供了一笔 61 万美元的贷款，用于建造一处混合谷物储存和加工设施，预计将有多达 50 000 名农民从中受益。另有 3 000名农民预计受益于价值 50 万美元、旨在扩大有机鳄梨油生产和出口的共同基金贸易融资贷款。在坦桑尼亚联合共和国，共同基金提供了一笔 50 万美元的流动资本贷款支持一项香草价值链举措，预计惠及超过 5 000 名农民。共同基金还支持价值 3.48 亿美元的一些影响力投资基金，包括价值 2.28 亿美元的非洲农业和贸易投资基金、价值 8 400 万欧元的辣木农林基金和价值 3 600 万美元的非洲农业中小企业基金。 | 71. Over the reporting period, seven Common Fund for Commodities agro-commodity projects were being implemented across Africa, for a value of $21 million. In Kenya, a loan of $610,000 was provided for the construction of a storage and processing facility for blended cereals, from which up to 50,000 farmers are expected to benefit. A further 3,000 farmers are expected to benefit from a Common Fund trade finance loan of $500,000 to expand the production and export of organic avocado oil. In the United Republic of Tanzania, a $500,000 working capital loan was provided to support a vanilla value chain initiative that is expected to benefit more than 5,000 farmers. The Common Fund also supported selected impact investment funds worth $348 million, including the Africa Agriculture and Trade Investment Fund, valued at $228 million, the Moringa Agroforestry Fund, valued at €84 million, and the Africa Agriculture Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Fund, valued at $36 million. |
72. 伊斯兰开发银行继续支持伊斯兰贸易融资国际公司设计的西非中小企业方案，在 8 个国家通过能力建设和咨询服务改善中小企业获得融资的机会。在本报告所述期间，伊斯兰开发银行为加蓬的木材和锰全球价值链提供了支持，并为这些产业链升级提供了便利。加蓬正在筹建的其他高优先度项目包括：建造 Tsengué-Lélédi 水力发电大坝，费用 7.59 亿美元；为方便锰的运输而修建加蓬横贯铁路利伯维尔至恩焦勒段的复线铁路，费用 11.5 亿美元；为方便木材运输和装运而修筑的利伯维尔至欧文多港绕行道路，费用 1.87 亿美元。 | 72. The Islamic Development Bank continued to support the West Africa Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Programme designed by the International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation to improve access to lines of finance for small and medium-sized enterprises in eight countries through capacity-building and advisory services. During the reporting period, the bank supported the wood and manganese global value chains in Gabon and facilitated their upgrading. Other high priority projects in preparation in Gabon include the construction of the Tsengué-Lélédi hydropower dam for a cost of $759 million, the Trans-Gabon Railway track duplication for the Libreville-to- Ndjole section for a cost of $1.15 billion to facilitate the transport ofmanganese, and the bypass of Libreville to the port of Owendo for a cost of $187 million to facilitate the transport and shipment of wood. |
73. 国际货币基金组织(基金组织)和世界银行集团继续支持二十国集团实施暂缓偿债倡议。按照最初估计，到 2020 年 12 月时，撒哈拉以南非洲国家有可能节省下来的资金为 55 亿美元，不过该倡议实际上为 30 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家节省了约 18 亿美元。从 2021 年 1 月到 6 月，该区域总共节省了 43 亿美元。在国际货币基金组织暂停偿债倡议之外的债务处理统一框架下，埃塞俄比亚正努力重新安排资金流动，而乍得和赞比亚则要求进行债务重组，以支持从 COVID-19 大流行中强劲而持久地恢复。 | 73. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group continued to support the implementation of the Debt Service Suspension Initiative of the Group of 20. The potential saving for sub-Saharan African countries was initially estimated at $5.5 billion by December 2020, but the Initiative effectively delivered about $1.8 billion to 30 sub-Saharan African countries. From January to June 2021, savings for the region totalled $4.3 billion. Under the IMF Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the Debt Service Suspension Initiative, Ethiopia is seeking a flow rescheduling, while Chad and Zambia have requested debt restructuring to support a strong and lasting recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. |
74. 粮农组织、开发署和联合国资本发展基金与马拉维贸易部合作，实施了一个800 万美元的联合可持续发展目标基金项目，旨在通过创新融资促进私营部门投资。预计该项目将还获得 3 500 万美元的私人投资，将支持为通过技术和创新增加对农业、制造业和服务供应链投资而开展的各项工作。 | 74. FAO, UNDP and the United Nations Capital Development Fund, in cooperation with the Ministry of Trade of Malawi, implemented an $8 million joint sustainable development goal fund project aimed at catalysing private sector investment through innovative financing. It is envisaged that the project will receive an additional $35 million of private investment and will support efforts aimed at increasing investments in agriculture and manufacturing and service supply chains through technology and innovation. |
L. 南南合作 | L. South-South cooperation |
75. 在本报告所述期间，联合国南南合作办公室与中国国际经济技术交流中心合作，继续实施名为“南南银河”的数字平台。到目前为止，该平台上已经分享了500 个解决方案。南南合作办公室还继续支持非洲联盟委员会发展非洲青年企业家的能力，并让他们与亚洲同行接触，寻找机会相互学习并结成伙伴关系。 | 75. During the period under review, the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation, in cooperation with the China International Centre for Economic and Technical Exchanges, continued to implement its digital platform known as the South - South Galaxy. To date, 500 solutions have been shared on the platform. The Office also continued its support for the African Union Commission in developing capacities for young entrepreneurs in Africa and engaging them with their peers in Asia to form mutual learning and partnership opportunities. |
76. 贸发会议与国际科学组织联盟和中国科学院空天信息创新研究院合作，致力于应用利用卫星数据监测作物的系统，以提高生产率。来自阿尔及利亚、肯尼亚、马拉维、毛里求斯、尼日利亚和南非等 12 个国家的学员完成了为期两个月的在线讲习班，期间他们学习了 CropWatch 作物观测系统的理论、方法和应用。贸发会议根据南南一体化和可持续发展目标项目，协助埃塞俄比亚深入分析战略债务可持续性和债务管理。 | 76. UNCTAD partnered with the Alliance of International Science Organizations and the Aerospace Information Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Sciences to work on the application of a crop monitoring system using satellite data to raise productivity. Participants from 12 countries, including Algeria, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria and South Africa, completed a two-month online workshop during which they learned the theory, methodology and application of the CropWatch system. Under its South-South Integration and the Sustainable Development Goals project, UNCTAD assisted Ethiopia with an in-depth analysis of strategic debt sustainability and debt management. |
77. 伊斯兰开发银行继续实施一项能力发展方案，以便加强国家生态系统开展南南和三方合作。为连通全球南方和已制定缓解和应对疫情影响对策的国家，2021年 4 月，伊斯兰开发银行与伊斯兰贸易融资国际公司合作启动了非洲电子学习和知识共享平台。在这些网络研讨会上，医疗和辅助医疗工作人员讨论如何应对COVID-19 大流行，总共吸引了 17 500 人参加，其中包括来自 25 个伊斯兰开发银行非洲成员国的 6 000 多名医疗和辅助医疗人员。 | 77. The Islamic Development Bank continued to implement a capacity development programme for enhancing national ecosystems for South-South and triangular cooperation. In April 2021, the bank launched the Africa E-Learning and Knowledge Sharing Platform, in cooperation with the International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation as part of its efforts to connect the global South with countries that have developed solutions to mitigate and address the effects of the pandemic. The webinars included discussions on the response to the COVID-19 pandemic among medical and paramedical staff and were attended by 17,500 participants in total, including more than 6,000 medical and paramedical attendees from 25 Islamic Development Bank African member countries. |
三. 贯穿各领域的问题 | III. Cross-cutting issues |
A. 妇女参与工业发展 | A. Integration of women into industrial development |
78. 工发组织与联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)以及粮农组织协作，实施其在中东和北非区域旗舰项目的第二阶段，以支持通过发展创业来增强妇女的经济权能。在该区域包括阿尔及利亚、埃及、摩洛哥和突尼斯在内的七个国家发起了一项关于女企业家获取和使用信息和通信技术的区域调查，并对女企业家进行了对性别问题具有敏感认识的评估。在马里，工发组织与联合国资本发展基金合作，通过采取措施适应社区间冲突风险地区的气候变化，支持农牧业妇女管理与环境退化有关的风险。该项目将通过基于绩效的气候复原力赠款，支持地方政府规划以及适应气候变化的措施和投资。 | 78. UNIDO collaborated with the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) and FAO on the implementation of the second phase of its flagship project in the Middle East and North Africa region in support of the economic empowerment of women through entrepreneurship development. A regional survey was launched in seven countries in the region, including Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, on women entrepreneurs’ access to, and use of, information and communications technology and a gender-sensitive assessment of women entrepreneurs. In Mali, UNIDO partnered with the United Nations Capital Development Fund to support agropastoral women in the management of risks linked to environmental degradation through measures to adapt to climate change in areas at risk of intercommunity conflict. The project will support local government planning and climate change adaptation measures and investments through performance-based climate resilience grants. |
79. 妇女署与粮农组织、农发基金和世界粮食计划署合作，在埃塞俄比亚、利比里亚、尼日尔和卢旺达实施了《加快在增强农村妇女经济权能方面取得进展的联合方案》。该方案预计将加强粮食安全和营养、收入保障、领导力和参与，并为促进性别平等的农村发展创造有利的政策环境。该方案惠及超过 75 000 名妇女及其384 000 名家庭成员。在科特迪瓦，妇女署还对大流行疫情对妇女拥有的中小企业产生的影响进行了研究。 | 79. UN-Women collaborated with FAO, IFAD and the World Food Programme to implement the Joint Programme on Accelerating Progress towards the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Ethiopia, Liberia, the Niger and Rwanda. The programme is expected to strengthen food security and nutrition, income security, leadership and participation, as well as the creation of an enabling policy environment for gender-responsive rural development. The programme has benefited more than 75,000 women and 384,000 members of their families. In Côte d’Ivoire, UN-Women also conducted an impact study of the COVID-19 pandemic on women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises. |
80. 在本报告所述期间，劳工组织启动了“莫桑比克体面工作促进可持续及包容经济转型”项目，该项目赞助了在该国生产 10 000 个口罩。该项目还帮助确保妇女就业，重新调整妇女企业方向至制造个体防护设备，并为四个由妇女领导的协会创造了额外的收入来源。劳工组织与开发署在坦桑尼亚联合共和国合作，帮助目标企业向价值链上游移动，重点放在年轻人和妇女身上。2 712 名青年和妇女通过劳工组织的“创办和改善你的企业”方案接受了培训。 | 80. During the reporting period, ILO embarked on the Decent Work for Sustainable and Inclusive Economic Transformation in Mozambique project, which sponsored the production of 10,000 face masks in the country. The project also helped to secure women’s employment, reorient women businesses towards manufacturing personal protective equipment and create an additional source of income for four women-led associations. ILO collaborated with UNDP in the United Republic of Tanzania to help targeted enterprises to move up the value chain, with a focus on young people and women. Through the ILO Start and Improve Your Business Programme, 2,712 young people and women have received training. |
81. 联合国资本发展基金与开发署和妇女署合作开展试点项目，在乌干达和坦桑尼亚联合共和国进行了对性别问题有敏感认识的地方经济评估。迄今为止，资发基金已从当地合作伙伴那里调集了 350 万美元，用于 25 项增强妇女权能的本地化投资，目标国家有超过 32 000 名妇女直接受益。2020 年 8 月，资发基金和开发署创建了一个专门为多哥妇女和青年量身定做的地方发展新平台。合作伙伴继续支持马里的类似融资计划。 | 81. The United Nations Capital Development Fund, in collaboration with UNDP and UN-Women, conducted local gender-sensitive economic assessments in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania as part of a pilot project. To date, the Fund has unlocked $3.5 million from local partners for 25 localized investments in women’s empowerment, directly benefiting more than 32,000 women in the targeted countries. In August 2020, the Fund and UNDP created a new platform for local development tailored especially for women and young people in Togo. The partners continued to support similar financing schemes in Mali. |
B. 青年就业 | B. Youth employment |
82. 工发组织继续执行一个价值 1 470 万美元的项目，为突尼斯的年轻人创造6 000 个可持续岗位。该项目旨在通过创业培训课程、业务辅导和技术援助，为有强烈创业意愿的人和现有企业家提供直接支持，以便加强现有企业并培育新企业。在“全民创新、发展和创业”项目下，工发组织帮助确定了农业技术、创意产业、商业、技术和汽车机械方面的五条价值链，推动尼日利亚年轻人获得体面工作。 | 82. UNIDO continued the implementation of a $14.7 million project to generate 6,000 sustainable jobs for young people in Tunisia. The project is geared towards providing direct support to aspiring and existing entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship training courses, business coaching and technical assistance to strengthen existing enterprises and foster new ones. Under its Innovation, Development and Entrepreneurship for All project, UNIDO helped to identify five value chains in agricultural technology, creative industries, business, technology and auto mechanics to promote decent jobs for young people in Nigeria. |
83. 在莫桑比克，劳工组织按照其就业密集型投资方案，为道路和水道升级与修复提供支持。劳工组织为 25 家中小企业(44%由妇女领导，72%由年轻人领导)提供培训，内容涉及如何实施业务连续性规划工具，确保在疫情期间创收。劳工组织还通过“创办和改善你的企业”方案模块，为 28 名年轻人的商业技能培训提供了便利。通过职业和手工技能培训，加大了青年、妇女和残疾人对道路基础设施交付工作的参与程度。 | 83. ILO supported the upgrading and repairing of road sections and waterways under its Employment Intensive Investment Programme in Mozambique. Training was provided to 25 small and medium-sized enterprises, 44 per cent of which were led by women and 72 per cent by young people, on the implementation of business continuity planning tools to ensure income generation during the COVID-19 pandemic. ILO also facilitated the training of 28 young people in business skills through its Start and Improve Your Business Programme module. The participation of young people, women and persons with disabilities in the delivery of road infrastructure increased through vocational and artisanal skills training. |
84. 国际贸易中心实施了青年和贸易方案，目的是建设年轻人的创业能力，减轻疫情的负面影响。超过 23 000 名非洲青年通过国际贸易中心中小企业贸易学院提供的在线课程获得了在就业、体面工作和创业方面的技能。 | 84. The International Trade Centre implemented the Youth and Trade Programme, aimed at building the entrepreneurial capacity of young people to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 23,000 young Africans gained skills for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship through online courses provided by the International Trade Centre SME Trade Academy. |
四. 结论和建议 | IV. Conclusions and recommendations |
85. COVID-19 疫情继续给非洲的工业和社会经济发展蒙上阴影。虽然由于疫苗获取有了改善，2021 年的前景有所好转，但经济风险依然存在。目前的第三波疫情无疑削弱了疫后时代经济快速恢复的希望，将经济重建到危机前时代的征程将需要强有力的政策，优先考虑社会经济投资和经济多样化，并应对气候变化的挑战。 | 85. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cast a shadow on industrial and socioeconomic development in Africa. While prospects for 2021 have somewhat brightened, with better access to vaccination, economic risks remain. The current third wave of the pandemic has unquestionably dampened prospects for a quick post-COVID-19 economic recovery, and the journey to rebuild economies to the pre-crisis era will require robust policies that prioritize socioeconomic investments and economic diversification and address the challenge of climate change. |
86. 需要重新审视非洲国家、地区和大陆各级的工业政策方向。同样，有必要协调各国战略，以此作为切入点确定区域竞争优势、加强企业之间现有联系并据此扩大区域采购。从中长期来看，区域价值链发展可以释放区域投资和工业生产体系，使出口能力多样化，释放非洲大陆的结构性转型潜力。 | 86. Industrial policy direction at the national, regional and continental levels requires revisiting. There is likewise a need for the coordination of strategies among countries as an entry point for the identification of regional competitive advantages, the strengthening of existing linkages among firms and, consequently, an expansion in regional sourcing. In the medium to long term, regional value chain development can unleash regional investment and industrial production systems that can diversify export capacity and unlock the continent’s structural transformation potential. |
87. 当务之急是实施以发展和改善包括 COVID-19 疫苗在内的当地药品生产为重点的各项方案。这要求加强执行非洲制药计划、非洲医药署、非洲疫苗监管论坛、非洲联盟和非洲疾病预防控制中心非洲疫苗制造伙伴关系下提出的各项举措，并加强执行在 2021 年 5 月世界卫生大会上通过、关于加强药品和其他卫生技术在当地生产以改善获取机会的决议中所载的建议。 | 87. The implementation of programmes focused on the development and enhancement of local production of pharmaceuticals, including COVID-19 vaccines, is of utmost urgency. It requires the enhanced enforcement of initiatives, such as those encompassed under the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan for Africa, the African Medicine Agency, the African Vaccine Regulatory Forum, the African Union and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Partnerships for African Vaccine Manufacturing and the recommendations contained in the resolution on strengthening local production of medicines and other health technologies to improve access adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2021. |
88. 如果非洲要继续走在转型的轨道上，重夺失去的成果，就必须把重点放在数字技术的智能使用上。工业 4.0 在实现非洲包容及可持续工业化方面具有巨大的变革潜力。通过有效利用工业 4.0，非洲国家可以从疫情中崛起，拥有更具韧性的经济、更强大的公共卫生系统和更包容、更公平的社会。应特别关注将创新生态系统形成制度，该生态系统须有精心制定的监管框架，通过促进科学、技术、工程和数学，对基础设施、数字技能以及包括对年轻人在内的社会经济包容性进行投资。 | 88. If Africa is to stay on the transformation track and recapture lost gains, it is imperative to focus on the smart use of digital technologies. Industry 4.0 holds an immense transformative potential for achieving Africa’s inclusive and sustainable industrialization. Through the effective use of Industry 4.0, African countries can emerge from the pandemic with more resilient economies, stronger public health systems and more inclusive and equitable societies. Particular attention should be paid to the institutionalization of an ecosystem of innovation with well-calibrated regulatory frameworks, investment in infrastructure, digital skills and socioeconomic inclusion, including of young people, through the promotion of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. |
89. 非洲大陆自由贸易区仍然是非洲中长期结构转型和工业化前景复苏的最大希望。非洲大陆自由贸易区不仅将降低非洲面对全球混乱状况时的脆弱程度，还将促进区域竞争，提高生产率，吸引外国投资，促进粮食安全。国际社会行为体必须继续与利益攸关方合作，通过帮助各国和各区域充分利用非洲大陆自由贸易区并加快疫后恢复，寻找应对非洲发展挑战的创新方式。转向半成品生产这一结构性转变将让非洲大陆得以走向包容及可持续工业化道路，让实现《2030 年可持续发展议程》和《2063 年议程》的前景变得明朗。 | 89. AfCFTA continues to present the greatest hope for resurgence in the structural transformation and industrialization prospects of Africa in the medium to long term. AfCFTA would not only reduce the vulnerability of Africa to global disruptions, but also boost regional competition, improve productivity, attract foreign investment and promote food security. Actors in the international community must continue to work with stakeholders on innovative ways to address the development challenges of Africa by assisting countries and regions to make best use of AfCFTA and accelerate post-COVID-19 recovery. A structural shift in production towards semi-processed goods would anchor prospects for an inclusive and sustainable industrialization pathway in the continent, boosting prospects for the realization of both the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and Agenda 2063. |