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Les AVC vertébro-basilaires représentent 20% des AVCi environ. Les symptômes cliniques sont très variables du simple vertige à un coma profond par ischémie du tronc cérébral . La plupart des patients ont des prodromes à type de céphalées, de vertiges, mais aussi des bâillements ou une somnolence, une altération du champ visuel ou une diplopie, une hémiparésie, des troubles de la sensibilité, des troubles de l´équilibre, une dysphagie, une dysarthrie, une parésie faciale, des « drop attacks » . La survenue des signes d´AVC peut être brutale ou plus fréquemment progressive avec une aggravation sur plusieurs heures. Avec ou sans recanalisation artérielle, l´ischémie et l´oedème cérébelleux sont des complications fréquentes des AVC vertébro-basilaires . Le diagnostic de ce type d’AVC est souvent difficile et repose avant tout sur l’examen clinique et l’interrogatoire, comme c’était le cas dans cette observation. L’imagerie doit être réalisée en urgence, dans un délai de moins de 25 minutes après l’admission du patient, l’objectif étant d’éliminer une hémorragie, de confirmer et préciser l’étendue de l’infarctus cérébral, d’identifier le siège de l’occlusion artérielle ainsi que l’étendue de la pénombre ischémique . L’Imagerie par Résonnance Magnétique (IRM) est la technique privilégiée pour répondre à ces objectifs. En cas d’indisponibilité de l’IRM, un scanner cérébral doit être réalisé, comportant une acquisition sans injection, un angioscanner du polygone de Willis et éventuellement un scanner de perfusion. |
Flies were raised at 29°C for induction of transgene expression by GMRnina-Gal4 driver. 30 heads from 3 day-old flies were cut and immediately put in RNA stabilizing buffer (RNAwiz™, Ambion). Total RNA was extracted according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA quantification was performed on 2 µl total RNA sample in a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE). |
Ligand Preparation: The 2D structures of HPLC quantified phytocompounds were retrieved from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov accessed date 20 March 2019) and treated in the LigPrep module of Maestro (Schrodinger suite 2015) to ionization, minimization, and optimization of ligands. The Epik tool of this module was used to generate the ionization state of ligands at cellular pH (7.4 ± 0.5) and applied the OPLS3e force field through the module for minimization and optimization of ligands that produce the lowest energy conformer of ligands. |
For dose verification, two ion chambers at 2 cm depth were put at 27.5 cm and at 72.5 cm from tip of the phantom at SAD = 85 cm (Figure 1). Two EDR-2 films (Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) were also placed in a line in the phantom from 25 cm to 85 cm from the tip. Film analysis was performed in delivery quality assurance workstation and the comparison of longitudinal profile and gamma analysis with the criteria of 3 mm/3% between planned and measured dose were performed. |
Entretanto, o uso prolongado mostrou-se associado a extensa gama de eventos adversos, aliado à fraca evidência de benefício em longo prazo 4 . Os eventos adversos documentados com a utilização de BZD incluem demência, declínio cognitivo, transtornos psicomotores, sonolência diurna, acidentes de carro, tolerância e dependência 3 , além de maior incidência de fraturas e quedas, restrição da mobilidade e redução da participação social em idosos 5 . Por isso, os BZD são classificados como medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados, cuja prescrição deve ser evitada em idosos 6 , porém, apesar dessa recomendação, a literatura aponta o aumento da utilização de BZD com o aumento da idade 7 , dado preocupante considerando o maior risco de eventos adversos associado às modificações da farmacodinâmica e farmacocinética induzidas pela idade e polifarmácia 8 . |
亚实性结节体积与质量测量均在GE AW4.6工作站进行。由二位放射科医生分别独立测量并由其中一位间隔一周重复测量。应用高级肺结节分析软件（advanced lung analysis, ALA），具体操作步骤：选择要进行测量的一组轴位图像（1.25 mm）数据，进入容积分析界面后，在打开的轴位图像上由观察者用鼠标单击目标结节，再选择亚实性结节的位置选项（肺实质内、毗邻血管或胸膜），而后由软件根据所选结节的位置选择相应的算法对结节进行分割并显示出亚实性结节的分割图像。操作者在轴、矢及冠状位图像上观察结节分割情况，对分割不满意的亚实性结节可以通过调整鼠标的选取点、设定结节周围提取范围（3 mm-30 mm）进行调整以达到最佳效果，如果经调整后结节分割的区域刚好完整的与结节重合，则结果为分割满意（图 1，图 2），否则确定为分割不满意并从研究对象中剔除。软件自动计算出分割后结节的体积V（mm3）及平均CT值（HU）。根据CT值与物理密度的线性相关性[12, 13]，将测出的平均CT值+1, 000转换为假定物理密度ρ（单位为mg/cm3）。采用公式m=ρ*V/1, 000计算出亚实性结节的质量m（单位为mg）。 |
El análisis bioinformático se hizo con el programa MOTHUR 30, así como el ensamble de las secuencias Read1 y Read2; para tener una secuencia aproximada de 450 pb, se verificó que las secuencias cumplieran con los siguientes criterios: no presentar bases ambiguas, tener una longitud mínima de 400 pb, no contener homopolímeros mayores de 8 pb, y tener una ampliación de secuencias de calidad de 50 pb y una puntuación media por secuencia de 35 pb. |
We reported the production of tunable novel hybrid nanoparticles suitable for the intracellular delivery of siRNAs. The particle size, loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of anti-mutantKRAS siRNA in these nanoparticles were optimized by exploring the influence of the concentration of human IgG in the nanoprecipitation medium and the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer on critical parameters such as particle size, loading and encapsulation efficiency. These hybrid nanoparticles were successfully transformed into actively targeted nanoparticles by covalently binding anti-NTSR1-mAb to the surface. The involvement of the target receptor (NTSR1) in the uptake of these nanoparticles by lung adenocarcinoma cells was confirmed using both fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The mechanism of siRNA release from these actively targeted hybrid nanoparticles was elucidated to be by Fickian diffusion. Altogether, this hybrid nanoparticle delivery system can be used as a platform technology for intracellular delivery of siRNAs to NTSR1-overexpressing tumor cells. |
The interviewees in this research were firm executives, middle managers, principal officers in charge of technical work, and front-line technical staff. Five to eight people (including the interviewer) comprised each interview group, and the interviews were held mostly in the form of group discussions aimed at encouraging “brainstorming” and reaching a wide range of agreement. The interview questions were pre-designed as open and semi-structured questions. |
While this study examined associations between laboratory- and field-based tests and XC skiing and roller-skiing performance, this only provides information about the validity of tests within this group of skiers at a given time-point. Correlation analysis does not establish cause-effect-relationships, and future studies should therefore investigate within-athlete development and how these tests are able to detect training-induced changes over longer timescales. Future studies should also aim to better understand the test-retest reliability of laboratory and field-based tests in XC skiing. Another potential limitation of the present design was the use of a roller-ski skating competition to determine overall and terrain-specific performance instead of an actual on-snow competition. However, the roller-ski skating competition was strongly correlated with distance FIS points, and the findings on performance predictions for different terrains are likely relevant for both on-snow XC skiing and roller-skiing performance. Although the athletes used the same type of roller-skis during the roller-ski skating competition and DP-TT, variations in roller resistance between skis may have influenced the current findings. It should also be noted that the distance FIS points represent performances from the previous competitive season, whereas all laboratory- and field-based tests were performed in the preparation period leading up to the upcoming season. Lastly, future studies including female skiers should examine if the different laboratory- and field-based tests demonstrate similar associations as found for the male skiers in the current study. It could be speculated that sex-specific differences in the validity of both laboratory- and field-based tests could be present due to differences in competition speeds, sub-technique selection and physiological, as well as anthropological characteristics between male and female XC skiers . For example, Stöggl et al. has previously shown that uphill performance have the strongest relationships to overall performance among female skiers, whereas performance in flat terrain seems more important for overall performance among male skiers. |
Currently, the most carefully studied and clinically promising molecule for metabolic and other cardiovascular applications with hyperpolarized MRI is 13C-labelled pyruvate, which will be the focus for the majority of this review, though a strong pipeline of molecules in preclinical development will also be translated to human use in the near future. |