text
stringlengths 5
2.48k
| simplified
stringlengths 5
2.22k
|
|---|---|
A set of 31 guns , cast 1729-1749 by the first master founder at the Royal Foundry , later the Royal Arsenal , Woolwich , were used to fire salutes until 1907 , often for Queen Victoria , who was a frequent visitor . | A set of 31 guns , cast 1729-1749 by the first master founder at the Royal Foundry , later the Royal Arsenal , Woolwich , were used to fire salutes until 1907 , often for Queen Victoria who was a frequent visitor . |
In 1929 , the building became vacant , and was given to Prince Edward , Prince of Wales , by his father , King George V . This became the Prince 's chief residence and was used extensively by him for entertaining and as a country retreat . | In 1929 , the building became vacant , and was given to Prince Edward , the Prince of Wales by his father , King George V . This became the Prince 's chief residence , and was used extensively by the Prince for entertaining and as a country retreat . |
Additions included an octagon room in the north-east side , in which the King regularly had dinner . | Additions included an octagon room in the North-East side , where the King regularly had dinner . |
In 1976 , the Emir of Dubai moved in . | In 1976 the Emir of Dubai moved in . |
During World War II , the fort was used by the Office of the Commissioners of Crown Lands , having been evacuated from their central London offices . | During World War II , the Fort was used by the Office of the Commissioners of Crown Lands , which had been evacuated from their central London offices . |
The new work included the extension of the military appearance of the house , though it never had any military significance . | The new work included the extension of the military appearance of the house , though it never had any military use . |
Sir Jeffrey Wyattville , who was responsible , under King George IV , for the rebuilding of Windsor Castle , enlarged the house in 1828 for use as a hunting lodge . | Sir Jeffrey Wyattville , who was responsible for the rebuilding of Windsor Castle under George IV , enlarged the house in 1828 , for use as a hunting lodge . |
The fort became the setting of the abdication crisis in 1936 , when Edward abdicated the throne following the British and Dominion governments ' opposition to his marriage to Simpson . | The Fort became the setting of the Abdication crisis during 1936 , when Edward abdicated the throne following the British and Dominion governments ' opposition to his marriage to Wallis Simpson . |
The triangular turreted structure was set amidst a dense plantation of trees and overlooked Virginia Water , a man-made body of water constructed by Thomas and Paul Sandby at the behest of the Duke . | The triangular turreted structure was set in a dense plantation of trees and overlooked Virginia Water , a man-made body of water constructed by Thomas and Paul Sandby at the request of the Duke . |
It is a former royal residence - from 1750 to 1976 - and is best known for being the home of King Edward VIII . | It is a former royal residence - from 1750 to 1976 - and is most famous for being the home of King Edward VIII . |
Later the property was used by a variety of royals or their servants . | Later the property was used by a variety of royals , or their servants . |
In 1911 , the old building was converted into a residence , and was used by Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught . | In 1911 , the old building was converted into a residence , and was used by Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught and Strathearn . |
Fort Belvedere is a Grade II \* listedcountry house on Shrubs Hill in Windsor Great Park , England , very near Sunningdale , Berkshire , but actually over the border in the borough of Runnymede in Surrey . | Fort Belvedere is a country house on Shrubs Hill in Windsor Great Park , England , very near Sunningdale , Berkshire , but actually over the border in the borough of Runnymede in Surrey . |
After the war , the house remained empty . | After the War the house stayed empty . |
Fort Belvedere was built 1750-1755 , for Prince William Augustus , Duke of Cumberland , younger son of King George II and Queen Caroline . | Fort Belvedere was built 1750-1755 , for Prince William Augustus , Duke of Cumberland , younger son of George II and Queen Caroline , famous for his role in the Battle of Culloden . |
The property remains in the ownership of the Crown , and is currently occupied by private tenants , Canadian businessman Galen Weston and his wife Hilary Weston . | Fort Belvedere is still owned by the Crown , and is now occupied by private tenants , Canadian businessman Galen Weston and his wife Hilary Weston , the former Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario . |
Gerald Lascelles was the tenant between 1956 and 1975 , on a 99 year lease , and restored the gardens , adding a swimming pool and tennis court . | He restored the gardens , and added a swimming pool , and tennis court . |
It was , at first , merely a folly . | It was , at first , merely a folly ( a building built as art , instead of having a purely practical purposes ) . |
Another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes and that clothing may have been used as long as 650 thousand years ago . | Another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes , and that clothing may have been used as long ago as 650 thousand years ago . |
Other louse-based estimates put the introduction of clothing at around 42,000-72 ,000 BP . | Other louse-based estimates put the introduction of clothing at around 42,000-72 ,000 BC . |
The body louse specifically lives in clothing and diverged from head lice about 170,000 years ago , suggesting that clothing existed at that time . | The body louse lives in clothing , and diverged from head lice about 107,000 years ago . |
There is no easy way to determine when clothing was first developed , but some information has been inferred by studying lice . | There is no easy way to be sure when clothing was first developed . |
The mouth of the Connecticut River at Old Saybrook , Connecticut , empties into the sound . | The Connecticut River at Old Saybrook , Connecticut connects to the sound . |
The Long Island Sound is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean , located in the United States between Connecticut to the north and Long Island , New York to the south . | The Long Island Sound is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean . |
On its eastern end it opens to Block Island Sound . | To the east , the Block Island Sound connects to the sound . |
On its western end the sound is bounded by the Bronx and Westchester County , New York , and connects to the East River . | To the west , The Bronx and Westchester County , New York connect to the East River . |
It was called first The Sunday Magazine of The Boston Sunday Post and later The Boston Sunday Post Sunday Magazine . | It was originally called `` The Sunday Magazine of The Boston Sunday Post '' and later `` The Boston Sunday Post Sunday Magazine '' . |
By the 1930s , The Boston Post had grown to be one of the largest newspapers in the country , with a circulation of well over a million readers . | By the 1930s , The Boston Post had grown to be one of the largest newspapers in the country , with well over a million readers . |
The Post was founded in November 1831 by two prominent Boston businessmen , Charles G. Greene and William Beals . | The Post was founded in November 1831 by two businessmen : Charles G. Greene and William Beals . |
Appearing in the Sunday paper every week was a weekly magazine . | In the Sunday paper every week was included a weekly magazine . |
The Boston Post was the most popular daily newspaper in New England for over a hundred years before it folded in 1956 . | It was one of the most popular daily newspaper in New England for over a hundred years . |
The paper had several hundred ornate , gold-tipped canes made and contacted the selectmen in New England 's largest towns . | The newspaper had several hundred ornate , gold-tipped canes made , and then given presented in a ceremony to each town 's oldest living man . |
The Boston Post Canes were given to the selectmen and presented in a ceremony to the town 's oldest living man . | The Boston Post Cane was an award given by many New England towns to their oldest citizen . |
Herbert Backe , the former minister for agriculture who should also have been tried , committed suicide on April 6 , 1947 while in custody awaiting the trial . | Herbert Ernst Backe , the former minister for agriculture who should also have been tried , committed suicide on April 6 , 1947 while in custody awaiting the trial . |
The Ministries Trial ( or , officially , The United States of America vs. Ernst von Weizsäcker , et al. ) was the eleventh of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II . | The Ministries Trial ( or , officially , The United States of America vs. Ernst von Weizsäcker , et al. ) was the eleventh of the twelve trials for war crimes the US authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II . |
The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the `` Subsequent Nuremberg Trials '' or , more formally , as the `` Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals '' ( NMT ) . | These twelve trials are known as the `` Subsequent Nuremberg Trials '' or , more formally , as the `` Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals '' ( NMT ) . |
The defendants in this case were officials of various Reich ministries , facing various charges for their roles in Nazi Germany and thus their participation in or responsibility for the numerous atrocities committed both in Germany and in occupied countries during the war . | The defendants in this case were officials of various Reich ministries , facing various charges for their jobs in Nazi Germany and responsibility for the numerous atrocities committed both in Germany and in occupied countries during the war . |
This case is also known as the Wilhelmstrasse Trial , so-named because the German Foreign Office was located at the Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin . | This case is also known as the Wilhelmstrasse Trial , because the German Foreign Office was on the Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin . |
The smallest portable pipe organs may have only one or two dozen pipes and one manual ; the largest may have over 20,000 pipes and seven manuals . | A very small organ may only have one manual ( keyboard ) . |
The pipe organ is a musical instrument commonly used in churches or cathedrals that produces sound by driving pressurized air ( called wind ) through pipes selected via a keyboard . | The pipe organ is a keyboard instrument in which the sound is made by air blowing through pipes . |
An action connects the keyboards to the pipes . | In the most modern pipe organs , the manual is connected to the organ pipes by electric wires . |
A pipe organ contains one or more sets of pipes , a wind system , and one or more keyboards . | High quality metal organ pipes usually contain 75 percent tin or more , and the rest is lead . |
For the same reason , a stop that sounds an octave higher is at 4 ′ pitch , and one that sounds two octaves higher is at 2 ′ pitch . | This is the normal pitch : the note will sound as it is written , e.g. when playing Middle C the sound will be Middle C . A 4 foot stop will sound an octave higher than written , a 2 foot stop will be two octaves higher . |
Likewise , a stop that sounds an octave lower than unison pitch is at 16 ′ pitch , and one that sounds two octaves lower is at 32 ′ pitch . | A 16 foot stop will sound an octave lower than an 8 foot stop . |
On 4 December 1948 , he sent the final manuscript to the publisher Secker and Warburg and Nineteen Eighty-Four was published on 8 June 1949 . | At last he sent the manuscript to his publishers in December 1948 . |
The Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary , Truro is an Anglican cathedral located in the city of Truro , Cornwall , in the United Kingdom . | Truro Cathedral is the cathedral of the Church of England Diocese of Truro in the city of Truro , Cornwall , in the United Kingdom . |
3 West served as acting Secretary from January 2 , 1998 to May 5 , 1998 . | ^ West served as acting Secretary from January 2 , 1998 to May 5 , 1998 . |
The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet and second to last at 17th in the line of succession to the presidency ( the position was last until the addition of the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2006 ) . | The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet and second to last at 17th in the line of succession to the presidency ( the position was last until the United States Department of Homeland Security was added in 2006 ) . |
When the post of Secretary is vacant , the United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs or any other person designated by the President serves as Acting Secretary until the President nominates and the United States Senate confirms a new Secretary . | When the position of Secretary is vacant , the United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs or another person picked by the President serves as Acting Secretary until the President picks and the United States Senate confirms a new Secretary . |
On December 8 , 2008 , U.S. President Barack Obama announced he would nominate retired U.S. Army general , Eric Shinseki , to be the 7th Secretary of Veterans Affairs . | On December 8 , 2008 , President Barack Obama announced that he would pick retired army General Eric Shinseki to be the Secretary of Veterans Affairs . |
The United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs is the head of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs , the department concerned with veterans ' benefits and related matters . | The United States Secretary of Veterans ' Affairs is the head of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs , the department in charge of taking care of the affairs of war veterans . |
The geologist Preston Cloud coined the term in 1972 , originally to label the period before the earliest-known rocks on Earth . | The geologist Preston Cloud first used the term in 1972 . |
The Hadean \ / ˈheɪdiən \ / is the first geologic eon of Earth and lies before the Archean . | The Hadean is the geological eon before the Archaean . |
After briefly working on the independent circuit and in Extreme Championship Wrestling , Dumas signed with World Wrestling Federation in 1999 . | After working for a short time on the independent circuit and in Extreme Championship Wrestling , Dumas began working with the World Wrestling Federation in 1999 . |
Throughout her career , she won the WWE Women 's Championship four times . | During her career , she won the WWE Women 's Championship four times . |
Dumas had an off-screen relationship with Matt Hardy , which ended in 2005 after an affair with Adam Copeland\/Edge . | Dumas had an off-screen relationship with Matt Hardy . |
She was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame on April 5 , 2014 . | She will be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2014 . |
The band released their self-titled debut CD on September 11 , 2007 . | The band released their self-titled CD , The Luchagors on September 11 , 2007 . |
After her retirement from wrestling in 2006 , she formed the punk rock band The Luchagors . | After she stopped wrestling in 2006 , she became the lead singer of punk rock band The Luchagors . |
Amy Christine Dumas ( born April 14 , 1975 ) , best known by her stage name Lita , is a retired professional wrestler and WWE Diva active from 1999 to 2006 . | Amy Christine Dumas ( born April 14 , 1975 ) better known by her ring name Lita , is an American former World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) wrestler and valet . |
Originally , she was paired with Essa Rios , but she achieved her greatest push alongside Matt and Jeff Hardy as Team Xtreme . | Originally , she was paired with Essa Rios . |
The decision to place him in command of an armored division was soon borne out to be an excellent one . | The decision to place him in command of an armored division was borne out to be an excellent one . |
At the age of 14 , Rommel and a friend built a full-scale glider and were able to fly it short distances . | At the age of 14 , Rommel and a friend built a full-scale glider that was able to fly short distances . |
Rommel acted as commander of the Führerbegleithauptquartier ( Führer escort headquarters ) during the Invasion of Poland , often moving up close to the front in the Führersonderzug and seeing much of Hitler . | Rommel was a commander of the Führerbegleithauptquartier ( Führer escort headquarters ) during the Poland campaign , often moving up close to the front in the Führersonderzug and seeing much of Hitler . |
He gained a reputation for great courage , making quick tactical decisions and taking advantage of enemy confusion . | While serving with that unit , he gained a reputation for making quick tactical decisions and taking advantage of enemy confusion . |
Rommel was born on 15 November 1891 in Southern Germany at Heidenheim , 45 kilometres ( 28 mi ) from Ulm , in the Kingdom of Württemberg , then part of the German Empire . | Rommel was born in Heidenheim , Germany , 45 kilometers ( 28 mi ) from Ulm , in the Kingdom of Württemberg which was then part of the German Empire , on November 15 , 1891 . |
He graduated on 15 November 1911 and was commissioned as a lieutenant in January 1912 . | He graduated on 15 November 1911 , and was a lieutenant in January 1912 . |
In the upcoming invasion of France in May 1940 his 7th Panzer Division would become known as the `` Ghost Division '' , called this because its fast paced attacks and rapid advances often placed it so far forward that their actual position was not known , and they were frequently out of communication with the German high command . | In May , 1940 his 7th Panzer Division became known as the `` Ghost Division '' because its rapid advances and fast paced attacks often placed them so far forward that they were frequently out of communication with the rest of the German army . |
During World War I , Rommel fought in France as well as in Romania ( see : Romanian Campaign ) and Italy ( see : Italian Campaign ) , first in the 6th Württemberg Infantry Regiment , but through most of the war in the Württemberg Mountain Battalion of the elite Alpenkorps . | In World War I , Rommel fought in France , as well as in Romania and Italy , first as a member of the 6th Württemberg Infantry Regiment , and then in the Württemberg Mountain Battalion of the Alpenkorps . |
Three months before Fall Gelb ( Case Yellow : the planned invasion of France and the Low Countries ) , on 6 February 1940 , Rommel was given command of the 7th Panzer Division . | On 6 February 1940 , three months before the invasion of France , Rommel was given command of the 7th Panzer Division , for `` Fall Gelb '' ( `` Case Yellow '' ) , the invasion of France and the Low Countries . |
After the Polish were defeated , Rommel returned to Berlin to organise security for the Führer 's victory parade . | After the Polish defeat , Rommel returned to Berlin to organize the Führer 's victory parade , taking part himself as a member of Hitler 's entourage . |
Orders to kill Jewish soldiers , civilians and captured commandos were ignored . | Soldiers captured by his army were treated well and orders to kill captured Jewish soldiers and civilians were ignored . |
Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( 15 November 1891 - 14 October 1944 ) , popularly known as the Desert Fox ( Wüstenfuchs , listen ( help · info ) ) , was a German field marshal of World War II . | Field Marshal Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( The `` Desert Fox '' ) , ( 15 November 1891 - 14 October 1944 ) was an officer of the German Army in World War II . |
While at Cadet School , Rommel met his future wife , 17-year-old Lucia Maria Mollin ( commonly called Lucie ) . | While at Cadet School , early in 1911 , Erwin Rommel met his future wife , 17-year-old Lucia Maria Mollin ( also called Lucie ) ( b. 6 June 1894 in Danzig ; d. 26 September 1971 in Stuttgart ) . |
He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion of Normandy . | Later in the war he commanded the German forces defending the French coast against the Allied re-invasion of Europe in Normandy . |
He wrote `` my early years passed quite happily . '' | Rommel wrote that his `` early years passed very happily . '' |
They married on 27 November 1916 in Danzig . | They married on November 27 , 1916 , in Danzig , and on December 24 , 1928 had a son , Manfred , who would later become the mayor of Stuttgart . |
At this time Rommel developed a relationship with Walburga Stemmer in 1913 , which produced a daughter , Gertrud . | After having met Lucie , some historians think that Rommel also had an affair with a woman called Walburga Stemmer in 1913 , and they had a daughter named Gertrud . |
Johnston was the subject of the 2005 documentary The Devil and Daniel Johnston . | The movie The Devil and Daniel Johnston is about his life and music career . |
Daniel Dale Johnston ( born January 22 , 1961 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , and artist . | Daniel Johnston , born 1961 , is an American songwriter , singer , and artist who lives in Texas . |
Francis Luke Askew ( March 26 , 1932 - March 29 , 2012 ) was an American actor best known for his role in the 1969 film Easy Rider . | Luke Askew ( March 26 , 1932 - March 29 , 2012 ) was an American movie and television actor best known for his role in the 1969 film Easy Rider . |
He appeared in many westerns , and had a rare lead role in the spaghetti Western Night of the Serpent ( La notte dei serpenti - 1969 ) . | He had a rare lead role in the spaghetti Western Night of the Serpent ( La notte dei serpenti - 1969 ) . |
He died in Portland , on March 29 , 2012 , from lung cancer . | Askew died on March 29 , 2012 from lung cancer in his home in Portland , Oregon , he was 80 years old . |
The boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are ( primarily ) coterminous with islands of the same names , while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island . | The city includes all of Manhattan Island and Staten Island , and the western end of Long Island . |
New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States . | New York was the capital of the United States under the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1788 . |
It was the third ring system to be discovered in the Solar System , after those of Saturn and Uranus . | It was the third set of rings found in the Solar System after the rings found around Saturn and Uranus . |
It was first observed in 1979 by the Voyager 1 space probe . | They were not discovered until the Voyager 1 space probe visited the planet in 1979 . |
It has four main components : a thick inner torus of particles known as the `` halo ring '' ; a relatively bright , exceptionally thin `` main ring '' ; and two wide , thick and faint outer `` gossamer rings '' , named for the moons of whose material they are composed : Amalthea and Thebe . | It has four main parts : a thick inner ring known as the `` halo '' ring , a bright but very thin `` main '' ring , and two outer , wide , faint `` gossamer '' rings . |
The Jovian ring system is faint and consists mainly of dust . | The ring system is faint and is made mainly of dust . |
Through a play on words of a song in the musical My Fair Lady , National Hurricane Center forecaster James Franklin in the Tropical Cyclone Report for Vince wrote , `` the rain in Spain was mainly less than 2 inches , although 3.30 inches ( 84 mm ) fell in the plain at Córdoba . '' | Using the words of a song in the movie My Fair Lady , National Hurricane Center forecaster James Franklin in the Tropical Cyclone Report for Vince wrote , `` the rain in Spain was mainly less than 2 inches , although 3.30 inches ( 84 mm ) fell in the plain at Cordoba . '' |
The Instituto Nacional de Meteorología ( INM ) issued a bulletin that warned of a 40 % chance of flooding . | The Instituto Nacional de Meteorología ( INM ) issued a bulletin . |
The NHC forecaster decided that `` if it looks like a hurricane , it probably is , despite its environment and unusual location '' . | One NHC weather forecaster said that `` if it looks like a hurricane , it probably is , despite its environment and unusual location '' . |
Four autonomous regions ( Asturias , Cataluña , Castile and León , and Galicia ) issued flood warnings , and Canarias issued a wind warning . | Four autonomous regions ( Asturias , Cataluña , Castile and León and Galicia ) issued flood warnings . |
The Spanish Center for Emergency Coordination declared a rain pre-emergency for the province of Castellón in the anticipation that Hurricane Vince would bring rains capable of flooding . | The Spanish Center for Emergency Coordination declared a rain pre-emergency for the province of Castellón . |
The developing system became a subtropical storm itself early on October 8 , 580 miles ( 930 km ) southeast of Lajes in the Azores . | The storm was 580 miles ( 930 km ) southeast of Lajes in the Azores . |
Hurricane Vince was an unusual hurricane that developed in the northeastern Atlantic basin . | Hurricane Vince was an unusual hurricane that began in the northeast Atlantic Ocean . |
When Subtropical Storm Vince formed on October 8 , it was the earliest in the season that the twenty-first tropical or subtropical storm had ever developed , 38 days ahead of the previous record held by Tropical Storm Twenty-one of the 1933 season . | When Subtropical Storm Vince began on October 8 , it was earliest in a season that the twenty-first tropical or subtropical storm formed . |
Its transformation to a tropical system occurred over water cooler than 24 ° C ( 75 ° F ) , much colder than the 26.5 ° C ( 80 ° F ) usually required for tropical development . | It became a tropical storm the next day in water cooler than 24 ° C ( 75 ° F ) , colder than the 26.5 ° C ( 80 ° F ) usually needed for tropical storms . |
The highest winds reported on land were 48 mph ( 77 km\/h ) at Jerez , Spain , although some ships recorded stronger . | The highest winds reported on land were 48 mph ( 77 km\/h ) . |
The National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) did not officially name the storm until the next day , shortly before Vince became a hurricane . | The National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) did not officially give the storm a name until the next day . |
This dataset is a collection of pairs of English Wikipedia entries and their simplified variants. See altlex for additional information. This dataset can be used directly with Sentence Transformers to train embedding models.
pair subset
str, str{
'text': "Valentin Berlinsky retired from the Borodin Quartet in September 2007 , and was succeeded by his protégé , Vladimir Balshin , but he still remained the group 's mentor .",
'simplified': 'Valentin Berlinsky retired from the Borodin Quartet in September 2007 .',
}