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{"clean": {"description": "The TIMIT corpus of reading speech has been developed to provide speech data for acoustic-phonetic research studies\nand for the evaluation of automatic speech recognition systems.\n\nTIMIT contains high quality recordings of 630 individuals/speakers with 8 different American English dialects,\nwith each individual reading upto 10 phonetically rich sentences.\n\nMore info on TIMIT dataset can be understood from the \"README\" which can be found here:\nhttps://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC93S1/readme.txt\n", "citation": "@inproceedings{\n title={TIMIT Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus},\n author={Garofolo, <NAME>., et al},\n ldc_catalog_no={LDC93S1},\n DOI={https://doi.org/10.35111/17gk-bn40},\n journal={Linguistic Data Consortium, Philadelphia},\n year={1983}\n}\n", "homepage": "https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC93S1", "license": "", "features": {"file": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "text": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "phonetic_detail": {"feature": {"start": {"dtype": "int64", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "stop": {"dtype": "int64", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "utterance": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "length": -1, "id": null, "_type": "Sequence"}, "word_detail": {"feature": {"start": {"dtype": "int64", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "stop": {"dtype": "int64", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "utterance": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "length": -1, "id": null, "_type": "Sequence"}, "dialect_region": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "sentence_type": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "speaker_id": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}, "id": {"dtype": "string", "id": null, "_type": "Value"}}, "post_processed": null, "supervised_keys": {"input": "file", "output": "text"}, "task_templates": [{"task": "automatic-speech-recognition", "audio_file_path_column": "file", "transcription_column": "text"}], "builder_name": "timit_asr", "config_name": "clean", "version": {"version_str": "2.0.1", "description": "", "major": 2, "minor": 0, "patch": 1}, "splits": {"train": {"name": "train", "num_bytes": 6076580, "num_examples": 4620, "dataset_name": "timit_asr"}, "test": {"name": "test", "num_bytes": 2202968, "num_examples": 1680, "dataset_name": "timit_asr"}}, "download_checksums": {"https://data.deepai.org/timit.zip": {"num_bytes": 869007403, "checksum": "b79af42068b53045510d86854e2239a13ff77c4bd27803b40c28dce4bb5aeb0d"}}, "download_size": 869007403, "post_processing_size": null, "dataset_size": 8279548, "size_in_bytes": 877286951}}

North Korea held mass celebrations for its latest successful long-range missile test, Pyongyang's state media said Saturday, with the regime accusing Washington of "begging for nuclear war" over planned military drills. To celebrate the missile launch the ruling Workers Party's official daily Rodong Sinmun covered its front page with colour photographs showing thousands of tightly packed soldiers and people applauding in Pyongyang's Kim Il-Sung square, which was decorated with large portraits of the North's late leaders. Photographs showed thousands of tightly packed soldiers and people applauding on Pyongyang&apos;s Kim Il-Sung square, which was decorated with large portraits of the North&apos;s late leaders. On Saturday Russia's Foreign Affairs Minister Sergei Lavrov reiterated his country's condemnation of the missile test. However, he added: "It is impossible for us not to condemn the provocations by our American colleagues. And, much to our regret, that they try to pull the Japanese and the South Koreans in the same direction. They will be the first victims if a war is started on the Korean peninsula." Commenting that the planned manoeuvre would be the "largest-ever" such drill, a spokesman for the North's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement Saturday: "The Trump team is begging for nuclear war by staging an extremely dangerous nuclear gamble on the Korean peninsula." "The facts above evidently show who is the real nuclear war maniac and the 'nuclear demon' that disrupts and destroys peace of the Korean peninsula and the world," the statement added, the North's official news agency KCNA reported. Kim himself was absent from the Friday's celebrations -- he usually stays away from such events -- but the gathering drew key military, party and government leaders. Kim first made the threat in September in response to Trump's UN speech threatening to destroy the North and mocking him as "Little Rocket Man".

“The joy of the Lord is your strength.” We’ve all seen this many times laid over a beautiful image. What is the context? The whole sentence: “Do not grieve, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.” The whole verse: “Nehemiah said, ‘Go and enjoy choice food and sweet drinks, and send some to those who have nothing prepared. This day is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.” What was the situation? Nehemiah had come to Jerusalem, and inspired the people to start rebuilding the wall. They had begun, Nehemiah called the people to persist despite the opposition. The work was not yet finished, but well under way. The people all gathered in Jerusalem and urged Ezra the priest to read the Law to them. Ezra and several Levites read and explained the Law to the people. And the people wept. Nehemiah, Ezra and the Levites said this was a holy day, they should not weep but celebrate. Verse 10 is the key of Nehemiah’s exhortation — don’t mourn, celebrate. Why did the people mourn? I’m sure they must have listened to the Law and thought of all the times they had not obeyed. They were reminded this is why their ancestors were sent into exile, failure to keep the Law. They heard “Do these things and you will live,” and thought “We have not done these things. We are doomed.” But Nehemiah and the other leaders insisted they should not mourn but celebrate. And we in the New Covenant should rejoice even more. Even the old covenant had grace, the message that God wanted to make a people for himself and would be with them. And the new covenant makes this clearer. God will do these things in our hearts so we will live. Don’t perceive the commands of God as things to do to be saved, but as the promises of God, what God will do in us because he longs to save.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a chronic condition that causes progressive loss of function and structure of the neurons in the human brain. It usually starts slowly and worsens over time. It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia (which is the decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a person’s ability to perform everyday activities). The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss). In 2015, there were approximately 29.8 million people worldwide with AD. It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although 4% to 5% of cases begin before this age. It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older. In 2015, dementia resulted in about 1.9 million deaths. It is named after a German psychiatrist and pathologist who first discovered the disease, Alois Alzheimer in 1906. Nigerians have lower incidence rates for both dementia and Alzheimer’s disease at each age than the African American. World Alzheimer Day is September 21 of every year. Sign and symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. Other symptoms are; - Language problems; Gradual shrinkage of vocabulary leads to a gradual impairment in naming objects and processing words. This affects their oral and written English. - loss of memory; they forget names of family members, repeat questions already asked, forget appointments and can get lost in familiar places. - Disorientation; they may not know their location or their identity also, they may not know the time and date - Difficulty in initiating movement. - Mood swings: They can have a rapid change in their state or quality of feeling at a particular time. - Loss of Motivation: They usually want to work or do things but they feel they can’t. - Poor selfcar:; As the disease progresses, they find it difficult to have their bath or comb their hair. In addition, they may not be able to do any of the basic self care they used to do before. - Behavioral/ psychiatric issues: Wandering, irritability and labile affect are common issues patients face. These can lead to crying, outbursts of unpremeditated aggression, or resistance to caregiving. Other symptoms patients may experience In later stages, other symptoms may occur. This includes sleep disturbances, agitation (physical or verbal outbursts, general emotional distress, restlessness, pacing, shredding paper or tissues, yelling), delusions (firmly held belief in things that are not real) or hallucinations (seeing, hearing or feeling things that are not there). About 30% of people with AD develop illusions and other delusional symptoms. Depressive symptoms, irritability and reduced awareness of subtle memory difficulties are also common. Others include; - Withdraw from family and society. - Loss of bodily functions; there is a gradual reduction in muscle mass and mobility deteriorates to the point where they are bedridden and unable to feed themselves. - Death; the cause of death is usually not the disease but the associated complication that occur such as infection of pressure ulcers or pneumonia. What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease? The cause of Alzheimer’s disease basically unknown except in 1% to 5% of cases where genetic differences have been identified. Some factors and hypothesis have however been linked to the disease. They are: - Genetics: The genetic heritability is 49%- 79%. It can be autosomal dominant in 0.1% of this group where it can be present before the age of 65. It is usually due to mutation of some genes. - Sporadic: Environment and genetic factors can predispose to the disease - Sex: It is commoner in women because they tend to live longer. - Age: It increases with increasing age. It is greater in people above 65years. - Some factors such as obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, poorly controlled type 2 diabetes have been found to predispose to Alzheimer’s disease. However, doctors require more evidence. - Cholinergic hypothesis: This proposes that reduced synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine causes Alzheimer’s disease. - Amyliod hypothesis: This proposes that Alzheimer’s disease is caused by deposit of amyloidal protein (abnormal protein the bone marrow produces and deposits in any tissue or organ) in the brain. - Neurovascular hypothesis: This proposes that abnormality in blood-brain barrier can lead to Alzheimer’s disease. How Can One Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease There is currently no known preventive measure against the disease. However, screening for the abnormal genes can be done amongst the susceptible population to predict the possibility of having the disease. There is currently no cure for the disease. Nonetheless, patients can get palliative care such as; - Medications: This helps to improve the functionality of the brain. It also improves their mood. - Psychosocial care - Caregiving: The caregiver should ensure they get healthy diets and undergo regular exercise. They should also keep wallets and phones in a particular place. It is also good to keep photographs of family and friends around the house. Life expectancy of people with Alzheimer’s Disease is less than other people. Following diagnosis, it typically ranges from three to ten years. Men have a less favourable survival prognosis than women

There are sorts of gadgets out there in today’s UK market. You may shop great electronic gadget at online stores. The online shops often provide all kinds of digital gadgets as compared to the native shops. The worth online can be much less as compared to the retail shops and it can save you a lot of money. Moreover saving a lot of money you also save time as you may merely order your gadgets online and immediately transfer to other vital issues. This pen hooks up by means of Bluetooth with Home windows COMPUTER’s, Macs, Android and iOS gadgets. Lastly, the future of multi-contact technology appears vivid as increasingly more solutions are developed each day and carried out in all varieties of businesses and fields of activity like medication, banking and most importantly – the engineering area. Facilitation of technology-based instruction will be applied by pupil-centered actions. Pupil-centered learning activities allow learners to decide on the topic and learning consequence merchandise. For example, learning outcomes can embrace making a graph, utilize Excel, and Word software instruments. Learners can determine learn how to make the most of know-how tools and make connections to the true world. The inability to entry the Web is a think about encouraging extra folks to start out studying once more.†(Gorard, Selwyn, & Madden, 2003 p.13) Know-how based mostly instruction is motivating learners to attain literacy and marketable abilities. As part of an evolutionary rebuild, EY professionals initially focused on reconfiguring Royal Caribbean’s IT techniques in order that they could recognize each guest as a person, authenticate and offer clever personalization, and customize every facet of their itinerary. The teams used cell, cloud, machine learning, and knowledge analytics applied sciences to detangle a posh, layered legacy expertise infrastructure. The end result — a rebuilt IT platform that is fashionable, scalable and resilient. The US expertise large unveiled Microsoft Wireless Show Adaptor, a thumb-drive-size gizmo that plugs into HDMI and USB ports in televisions, after which wirelessly connects with tablets, pc or smartphones operating Miracast software. Apple unveiled a brand new entry-degree mannequin of the tablet computer final 12 months for $329. But it barely acquired a point out at the firm’s glitzy product occasion in September, when Apple highlighted new iPhones that price $699 to $1,099. The iPad, which all the time appeared like an optional accessory sitting between your computer and smartphone , has lengthy been treated as that different†system. Investigate substantial determination of items for your good residence Appliances, Air Conditioners, Air Coolers, Sensible TV, Home Air Air purifier, House Robotic Vacuum cleaner, Water Purifier (RO), Sensible Speaker and significantly more, finest case scenario web based mostly procuring webpage in India. On-line procuring rundown will assist you with deciding on, was once straightforward to buy and take into consideration. Data storage gadgets have attracted considerable consideration of the technology developers. New sorts of storage gadgets resembling newer variations of flash reminiscence playing cards, exhausting disks utilizing latest know-how and disks of ever-rising capacity are the outcomes of development in newest know-how in compute hardware. The reminiscence size of the random entry reminiscence (RAM) playing cards is soaring to allow the sleek functioning of graphics animation software packages and streaming video websites. Also, pc motherboards have undergone substantial changes through the years. Increasingly capabilities are being added to the motherboard. Additionally, despite the unbelievable enchancment in performance and functionalities, the worth of those parts has actually fallen steadily.

I have several problems that I need some insight into , several weeks ago my P3A fell about 6 ft from tree, when I fired it back up the app said the gimbal was disconnected, I ordered a ribbon cable from DjI and replaced it after several hour of a frustrating ordeal , needless to say I did follow some great videos on how to install it, but here is some of the problems , after firing everything up, the gimbal go through its dance and the camera points straight down, and cannot be adjusted from the RC, the app says the gimbal is normal, there is no image on my tablet Apple air 2 , the banner on my tablet flashes from safe to fly to weak image transmission signal, I removed the sd card and fired it up same problem I calibrated the RC, same. I have noticed when I fire up the bird, it does not have the same range of motion during the dance. Any help greatly appreciated. 1.Whenever the connection to the gimbal is separated the app can't identify the P3 model correctly that it is connected to. In order to reconnect to the proper one, reinstall the app and/or re-link the controller (RC) to the Phantom. Make sure you still have the updated firmware. 2. There is a flat spot on the camera shaft that must be aligned upward. Remove the back plate where the circuit board is and align the camera shaft 'flat spot" up and level with the top of the camera frame. I'm no expert here believe me but it sounds eerily similar to an issue I had and it was the camera shaft alignment to fix it -- keep in mind though item 1 above. Best of luck - I hear ya on the frustration of it all. Sometimes it's the simplest answer and/or question that works or helps - so - how about your usb connections or cable from the controller to your device, is it in good shape or have you tried changing that also? EDIT: About all else I can add is to double and triple check the grey ribbon cables from the gimbal - perhaps there is a loose connection or broken wire within. Wish I could be of more help. I have checked these cables several times with a magnifying glass , nothing amiss, I am thinking about checking internally, I have to keep trying , there is a positive side to this, I will have a better understanding of the workings of the phantom 3. Finally got P3A up and running again, discovered the problem on the wifi module the 6 pin connector was broken, I ordered a new one from e-bay , I would have a 2 week wait for part, so I decided to fix it, nothing to loose, soldering was out of the question, with the drone upside down I was able to hold the connector with the copter fired up holding the pin connector until it made contact and get video feed I used a glue gun and very carefully put a bead of glue over the connector on the circuit board while holding it in place until the glue cooled, once it was set the connector was good as new, I probably won't need the board now , I will keep it for a spare, also the glue won't short out the circuit board. You know a lot more about the workings of your P3!!

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Maddie Barto ran the length of the American Immigrant Wall of Honor followed closely by her friend, Gray Mathews. She was scanning the 700,000 names inscribed, looking for that of her great grandfather, Vincenzo Biocca, an Italian Immigrant. Success! Maddie and Gray were thrilled with their discovery! Maddie, Gray and their New Canaan Country School third grade classmates, were visiting Ellis Island, May 11, as a culminating highlight of their year-long “Peopling of America” inquiry. The social studies unit had used a wide variety of hands-on, experiential methods to teach the students about the different groups that came to America and how they contributed to the fabric of our nation. The students had spent time researching their own ancestry and cultural identities, interviewing family members and reporting their findings. Teachers had also introduced them to poetry, literature and personal narratives such as the story of Annie Moore, a teen from Ireland, who was the first person to pass through federal immigrant inspection at the Ellis Island station where they now stood. In the weeks leading up to the field trip, they had been studying the period 1892-1924, learning about conditions in Europe that led to emigration, the journey itself, what happened to families as they arrived on Ellis Island and how they built a new life in America. They had even staged a complete recreation of the Great Hall immigration experience, assuming the identities of specific immigrants and dressing in clothes of that period and culture. Teachers and school administrators played the roles of immigration officers and health inspectors, speaking in a wide variety of foreign languages to recreate the perplexing and chaotic atmosphere of arriving in a strange land. The student “immigrants” were asked a series of interview questions and underwent mock health and mental examinations as part of the re-enactment. “We purposely made the experience disorienting,” said Grade 3 Teacher Michal Speck of the totally immersive experience. “We wanted to give the students a small taste of the challenges that immigrants faced as they entered the country.” Back at Ellis Island, students walked through the very rooms that thousands of immigrants had passed through before them. They browsed exhibits of objects and photographs and listened to audio recordings of personal stories and recollections. Looking around them, Maddie and Gray took it all in. “We are retracing the actual steps of all those people who came before us,” marveled Gray. “That’s pretty amazing.” New Canaan Country School is a co-ed, independent day school for students in pre-K (ages 3 & 4) through Grade 9. The school sits on a 75-acre campus located at 635 Frogtown Rd in New Canaan, CT and provides bus transportation to families living in Westchester and Fairfield Counties. For more information, please visit: countryschool.net.

5. The theme of the story is Life process because it is showed in the story the experiences of Kouan- Yu and Ko- Ngai and what a child can do in order to save his/her parents. VI. LESSON Learn to sacrifice and make right decision(s) VII.REACTION It is right to sacrifice everything to save your loving one. 7. CLIMAX: . Then the father of Ko-Ngai, wild with his grief, would have leaped in after her, but that strong men held him back and kept firm grasp upon him until he had fainted away, and they could bear him like one dead to his home. And the serving-woman of Ko-Ngai, dizzy and speechless for pain, stood before the furnace, still holding in her hands a shoe, a tiny, dainty shoe, with embroidery of pearls and flowers-the shoe of her beautiful mistress that was. For she had sought to grasp Ko-Ngai by the foot as she leaped, but had only been able to clutch the shoe, and the pretty shoe came off in her hand; and she continued to stare at it like one gone mad. But in spite of all these things, the command of the Celestial and August had to be obeyed, and the work of the moulders to be finished, hopeless as the result might be. Yet the glow of the metal seemed purer and whiter than before; and there was no sign of the beautiful body that had been entombed therein. So the ponderous casting was made; and lo! when the metal had become cool, it was found that the bell was beautiful to look upon and perfect in form, and wonderful in colour above all other bells. Nor was there any trace found of the body of Ko- Ngai; for it had been totally absorbed by the precious alloy, and blended with the well- blended brass and gold, with the intermingling of the silver and the iron. And when they sounded the bell, its tones were found to be deeper and mellower and mightier than the tones of any other bell, reaching even beyond the distance of one hundred li, like a pealing of summer thunder; and yet also like some vast voice uttering a name, a woman's name, the name of Ko-Ngai. FALLING ACTION: And still, between each mighty stroke there is a long low moaning heard; and ever the moaning ends with a sound of sobbing and of complaining, as though a weeping woman should murmur, "Hiai!" And still, when the people hear that great golden moan they keep silence, but when the sharp, sweet shuddering comes in the air, and the sobbing of "Hiai!" then, indeed, do all the Chinese mothers in all the many-coloured ways of Pe-King whisper to their little ones: "Listen! that is Ko-Ngai crying for her shoe! That is Ko-Ngai calling for her shoe!" 11. FALLING ACTION: Once more he shouldered his burden (how light it seemed no) and hastened down the path,through the shadows and the moonlight, to the little hut in the valley. Beneath the kitchen floor wasa walled closet for food, which was covered and hidden from view. There the son his mother,supplying her with everything needful and continually watching and fearing. Time passed, and hewas beginning to feel safe when again the governor sent forth heralds bearing an unreasonableorder, seemingly as a boast of his power. His demand was that his subject should present him witha rope of ashes. The entire province trembled with dread. The order must be obeyed yet who in allShining could make a rope of ashes? V. THEME Mother and Son relationship. VI. LESSON We must love our mother even though she's old and take care of them at old aged VII.REACTION Loving our parents is only the best gift we can give to them.

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Some kids from my son's STEM club qualified for some sort of competition that requires travel and hotel for the next step. It is individual basis or at least does not require the whole team (so the whole team does not have to participate and travel) and not the whole team is going. There is fee to participate (that might be covered by the PTA though it is still being decided) and individual travel costs will be each participating student's and accompanying adult's responsibility. We were going to pay out of pocket but my son decided he does not want to go since it would conflict with a sport event he needs to play in so looks like I'm off the hook on that one. Though I am wondering how other groups (clubs, sports teams, etc) handle travel costs. It is not a lot from my perspective, but involves airfare and hotel, so adds up and I think it would be viewed as a lot for some kids' families on the team. It is not school sponsored club (more like a loosely organized club/activity led by parent volunteers) so PTA cannot cover individual travel costs (not even an option this late in year when most discretionary funds were already allocated), especially since it is voluntary and only about half the team max is planning on going so it is not a whole team outing. Are there funds out there that kids get for travel to competitions and events? Or do the families that cannot afford it do fundraising or ask PTA for help? This event is coming up too quickly and everyone found out late, so a lot of kids are not going for various reasons anyway (no time to fund-raise, also no time to move sport games) but if this occurs again next year, what do other teams do for travel costs? In my experience, all the kids get involved in some kind of fundraiser. This is just so the kids participate at least a little bit in funding the event. It doesn't amount to any significant amount. But then parents pay for their own kids.

Rice University scientists lead production of superhydrophilic membrane to clean fluids for reuse A new filter produced by Rice University scientists has proven able to remove more than 90 percent of hydrocarbons, bacteria and particulates from contaminated water produced by hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations at shale oil and gas wells. The work by Rice chemist Andrew Barron and his colleagues turns a ceramic membrane with microscale pores into a superhydrophilic filter that “essentially eliminates” the common problem of fouling. The researchers determined one pass through the membrane should clean contaminated water enough for reuse at a well, significantly cutting the amount that has to be stored or transported. The work is reported in Nature’s open-access Scientific Reports. The filters keep emulsified hydrocarbons from passing through the material’s ionically charged pores, which are about one-fifth of a micron wide, small enough that other contaminants cannot pass through. The charge attracts a thin layer of water that adheres to the entire surface of the filter to repel globules of oil and other hydrocarbons and keep it from clogging. A hydraulically fractured well uses more than 5 million gallons of water on average, of which only 10 to 15 percent is recovered during the flowback stage. “This makes it very important to be able to re-use this water,” Barron said. Not every type of filter reliably removes every type of contaminant, he said. Solubilized hydrocarbon molecules slip right through microfilters designed to remove bacteria. Natural organic matter, like sugars from guar gum used to make fracking fluids more viscous, require ultra– or nanofiltration, but those foul easily, especially from hydrocarbons that emulsify into globules. A multistage filter that could remove all the contaminants isn’t practical due to cost and the energy it would consume. “Frac water and produced waters represent a significant challenge on a technical level,” Barron said. “If you use a membrane with pores small enough to separate, they foul, and this renders the membrane useless. “In our case, the superhydrophilic treatment results in an increased flux (flow) of water through the membrane and inhibits any hydrophobic material – such as oil – from passing through. The difference in solubility of the contaminants thus works to allow for separation of molecules that should in theory pass through the membrane.” Barron and his colleagues used cysteic acid to modify the surface of an alumina-based ceramic membrane, making it superhydrophilic, or extremely attracted to water. The superhydrophilic surface has a contact angle of 5 degrees. (A contact angle of 0 degrees would be a puddle.) The acid covered not only the surface but also the inside of the pores, and that kept particulates from sticking to them and fouling the filter. In tests with fracking flowback or produced water that contained guar gum, the alumna membrane showed a slow initial decrease in flux — a measure of the flow of mass through a material — but it stabilized for the duration of lab tests. Untreated membranes showed a dramatic decrease within 18 hours. The researchers theorized the initial decrease in flow through the ceramics was due to purging of air from the pores, after which the superhydrophilic pores trapped the thin layer of water that prevented fouling. “This membrane doesn’t foul, so it lasts,” Barron said. “It requires lower operating pressures, so you need a smaller pump that consumes less electricity. And that’s all better for the environment.” Rice alumnus Samuel Maguire-Boyle is lead author of the paper. Co-authors are Rice alumnus Joseph Huseman; graduate student Thomas Ainscough and Darren Oatley-Radcliffe, an associate professor, at Swansea University, Wales; and Abdullah Alabdulkarem, chairman of the Mechanical Engineering Department, and Sattam Fahad Al-Mojil, an assistant professor and environmental adviser, at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Barron is the Charles W. Duncan Jr.–Welch Professor of Chemistry and a professor of materials science and nanoengineering at Rice and the Sêr Cymru Chair of Low Carbon Energy and Environment at Swansea. The research was supported by the Welsh Government Sêr Cymru Program, FLEXIS, which is partially funded by the European Regional Development Fund, and the Robert A. Welch Foundation. SOURCE: Rice University

[THIS WEEK IN HISTORY]The first National Assembly and a watery graveMay 10, 1948 After the long-awaited liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945, Korea was divided under the trusteeship of the then-Soviet Union in the North and the United States in the South. Some respected independence activists such as Kim Gu asked in vain for the division to end. On this date, under its official name of the Republic of Korea, the first general election of 198 lawmakers under the supervision of the United Nations was held. Despite opposition from leftist groups holding street demonstrations and strikes, the first National Assembly members were elected and launched their first session under President Syngman Rhee. But the first administration of the Republic of Korea was not smooth as the Korean War broke out two years later. May 15, 1988 The year 1988 was a time of hope for many in Korea, from the end of the Chun Doo Hwan military regime to the long-awaited Seoul Olympics. To grassroots activists hoping for the arrival of true democracy in the country, however, the greatest news was the launch of a newspaper called the Hankyoreh on this date. Under the military regimes of Park Chung Hee and Mr. Chun, the country did not have much freedom of expression, with newspapers suffering from severe censorship. Censorship led a number of reporters and editors to be unduly fired for writing the truth. Some such newspeople decided to launch a paper of their own, the Hankyoreh (Korean for “One Nation”). A promotion committee was formed in 1987 representing more than 3,300 former reporters and editors, which started a fund-raising movement to start the newspaper. Instead of having an owner, the paper was launched with 5 billion won given by about 27,000 people. The mission words of the newspaper were “democracy, nation and reunification.” To the eyes of the right-wingers and the administration of then-President Roh Tae-woo, a close subordinate of Mr. Chun, the newspaper meant only a massive headache and was regarded as a leftist paper only “aiding the enemy.” Yet the newspaper went on growing, using revolutionary methods such as only using Korean words, staying away from English or Chinese characters. In the late ’90s, the paper ― with a 600,000 circulation ― launched two weekly magazines, Hankyoreh 21 dealing with in-depth coverage of current affairs and Cine 21, specializing in films. May 15, 1967 King Munmu of the Silla Dynasty (BC 57 to AD 935) was much respected for his achieving unification and ending the Three Kingdoms era. What worried him the most on his deathbed after a 20-year reign was the safety and prosperity of his country. What bothered him most were continuous raids by Japanese pirates, according to historical records. The solution of this devoted king was to remain as a spirit to fight for his dynasty even after he died. Instead of following the royal tradition of being buried in a great mound or sepulchre, King Munmu said in his will that he wanted to be cremated in the Buddhist way. He then wanted his remains to be kept underwater under the rocky sea bed of the East Sea, where he would eventually be reincarnated as a dragon to keep the country safe from invaders. His remains were indeed kept under a rock, and around the rock underwater passages were built connecting the “tomb” with a nearby Buddhist temple. This underwater tomb long remained as a kind of legend until this date, when a group of historians specializing in Silla Dynasty history found the site in the sea close to Bonggil village of Gyeongju city, the dynasty’s capital, now in North Gyeongsang province. by Chun Su-jin

from: Lang-ay Festival 2005 Souvenir Program For decades, the whole Cordillera region was identified by this one name — Mountain Province. Mountain Province lies at the heart of the cordillera mountain ranges in Northern Luzon. The province is bounded on the north by the provinces of Kalinga, Apayao and Abra; on the south by Benguet; on the east by Ifugao and Isabela; and on the west by Ilocus Sur. The province is inhabited by hard-working people of the sturdy Malayan race referred to as “Igorots”. Scholars differ in their theory on the origin of our people. A prominent number though support the contention that the various tribes came from the South East Asia mainland. According to existing records, Spanish exploratory efforts on this area started as early as 1663 up to 1665 which were unsuccessful because of the harsh terrain and hostility of the Igorots. Succeeding forays into these mountains were abandoned for some time because this proved to be an economic burden to the Spanish government. On the later part of the 1850′s, a famous Spanish explorer, Guillermo Galvez and Antonio Hernandez, a mining engineer, explored as far as Lepanto, Bontoc and Kiangan territories. In 1859, the tribes of Bontoc, Western Ifugao an Southern Kalinga were placed under one “commandancia” in the Bontoc-Lepanto area while the rest resettled in Amburayan, Cabuagan, and Northern Kalinga, Kiangan, Ifugao and Benguet were under another “commandancia”. In1890, Christianity was established on Igorot soil. In 1898, a number of Bontoc Igorots joined the fight against the Americans but being superstitious, they were easily awed by the American “magic sticks” prompting them to retreat to their mountain abodes. Towards the end of the war, Flipino forces were driven northward to the Cordillera Mountains. General Gregorio H. Del Pilar with some 300 Igorot braves defended Tirad Pass to enable Generl Emilio Aguilnaldo to escape through Bontoc. The Bontoc-Lepanto area was eventually occupied by the Americans. Temporary headquarters were established in Cervantes. Major Rice, the commanding officer, became acting military Governor until the establishment of a civil government in 1901. After the Spanish-American war, the mountain region were reestablished and the Bontoc-Lepanto area was recognized as a province in 1902 with Bontoc, Lepanto , Amburayan as the sub-provinces and Cervantes as the capital of the new province. Dr. Hunt was made the acting Governor, but he stayed in Bontoc, not in Cervantes. In 1903, All Saints’ Mission, the first Episcopal/Anglican Church in Mountain Province, was opened by Bishop Charles and father Walter Clayton Clapp at the present Poblacion Bontoc. In 1904, Father John Armitage Staunton, Jr. and his wife established Saint Mary the Virgin, the Episcopal Mission Center in Sagada. Ten years after, twenty buildings were constructed. Among them is Saint Mary’s High School. That same year, the first government school in Bontoc was put up under the supervision of Provincial Governor William Reed. The following year, other schools were established in Alilem, Angaki, Besao, Kayan, Sabangan and Sagada. Alilem and Sagada had American teachers while the rest were non-Igorot Filipinos. In 1907, the mountain regions were organized as the Mountain Province and became a special province of the Philippines with the following sub provinces: Bontoc-Lepanto-Amburayan, Ifugao, Kalinga, Benguet and Apayao. Mr. Samuel Kane, the Provincial Supervisor, was appointed as the Governor and Bontoc became the Provincial Capital. The only building that existed in Bontoc at that time was the twenty-year old Spanish garrison which became the temporary quarters and office of the Governor and his staff. The construction of other government buildings among them a hospital, a provincial jail and several school houses started at that time. In 1908, this former Mountain Province was again sub-divided into seven sub-provinces: Benguet, Bontoc, Ifugao, Lepanto, Amburayan, Kalinga and Apayao. Later Amburayan and Lepanto were in cooperated by the sub-province of Bontoc and Benguet, respectively leaving the five sub-provinces known as BIBAK. In the early part of 1908, two Belgian missionaries of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Fr. Constancio Jurgens and Fr. Sepulchre, took the Spanish trail from Candon through Conception, Tirad Pass, Angaki, Kayan, Sagada to reach Bontoc to re-spread the word of God. In March 1911, the Saint Vincent’s School was formally established under the direction of four missionary sisters of he Canoness of Saint Augustine from Belgium. (Photo credit: Saint Vincent’s High School) Historical records show that there was a brewing disenchantment among the people of these mountain regions in the manner the national government treated a larger mass of the old Mountain Province. This triggered the tide for the clamor for a better and workable political and geographical grouping. In 1925, the Honorable Henry A. Kamora, Benguet Representative to the Lower House of Congress, filed a House Bill proposing the first sub-division to pare down the old Mountain Province into two separate provinces. The Bill did not take off the ground and was reintroduced in 1933 and was again presented in the 1935 Constitutional Convention, but met the same fate as the Kamora Bill. In the year 1928, Dr. Hilary P. Clapp, the first Bontoc-Physician educated in the United States was appointed District Health Officer of the Mountain Province. In 1931, after years of laborious planning and working, the Bontoc-Baguio road was finally opened to traffic and was rehabilitated by the Lepanto Mining Corporation and the Dangwa Development Corporation in 1946. Hon. Felix Diaz, Sr. was the first Igorot to be appointed as Governor and as Assemblyman for Mountain Province in 1934. Honorable Diaz’s administration immersed in the rehabilitation and reconstruction from the ashes of past devastation and conflict. He was also a delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention in Manila. He was then replaced as Assemblyman by a former Public School Supervisor named George Tait. Mr. Tait was the first Bontoc to be elected as Assemblyman of Mountain Province during the Commonwealth Government in 1935. In February 1942, the dreaded Japanese Army arrived in Bontoc via Nueva Vizcaya and Kiangan route. A garrison was established in the town. The Anglican Mission dormitories were made quarters for officers. Dr. Hillary Clapp was made Governor of Mountain Province. During the country’s fifth Congress in 1962, the Honorable Alfredo G. Lamen and the Honorable Luis Hora authored House Bill 4600 which proposed the subdivision of the old Mountain Province into five (5) new provinces, it also failed to pass muster. In 1965 the province was divided into 3 Congressional Districts under the administration of Hon. Bado Dangwa. The First District of Mountain Province (excluding Besao, Tadian and Bauko), Kalinga and Apayao represented by Congressman Juan Duyan; Second district was composed of Baguio and Benguet under Congressman Ramon Mitra; and the Third district was comprised of Ifugao, Tadian and Bauko with Hon. Luis Hora as the Congressman. Hon. Duyan with Hon. Hora authored House Bill 1526. The resolutions drawn up by the constituents of Bontoc and other parts of the old Mountain Province, from political leaders down to civic leaders, were forwarded to the national legislative body to drumbeat for the immediate approval of the said bill. This time, the lobby won for Mountain Province its first birth pangs. The bill was passed by the Senate and on June 18, 1966, the bill was approved by then President Ferdinand Marcos and became Republic Act 4695, otherwise known as the Division Law of Mountain Province. The 4 distinct provinces of Benguet, Kalinga-Apayao, Ifugao and Mountain Province were finally born. The new Mountain Province under the aforesaid Republic Act which was once comprised of the sub-province of Bontoc has now the following municipalities: Barlig, Bauko, Besao, Bontoc, Natonin, Paracelis, Sabangan, Sadanga, Sagada, and Tadian. Bontoc was made the provincial capital. On Friday, April 7, 1967, a year after the Subdivision Law was approved; the new Mountain Province was legally and officially operational with the following first set of provincial officials being designated to compose the Provincial Board: Hon. Alfredo G. Lamen-Governor; Hon. Victor S. Dominguez-Vice Governor; Hon. Pio F. Felwa; Hon. Alfonso Layog and Hon. Alejo Manao as Board Members. Luis Hora was the Congressman. In November 1967, the first election in the history of the new Mountain Province took place. there were only two political parties at that time, the Liberal Party with Alfredo G. Lamen and Pio Felwa as candidates for Governor and Vice-Governor, respectively; and the Nationalista Party with Timothy Chaokas and Victor Dominguez for Governor and Vice-Governor, respectively. Atty. Jaime Gomez also vied for the position of Vice-Governor as an independent candidate. Alfredo G. Lamen won the gubernatorial race against Timothy Chaokas while Gomez prevailed over Dominguez and Felwa.

20th March 2020 “For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.” Romans 8:29 The risen body of Christ is the type to which the risen bodies of the saints are to be conformed, for “as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly.” This is that glorious image to which the saints are to be all conformed.? J. C. Philpot 1802-1869

Hi, I’m trying to find a solution for making the logo redirect to a URL that is not the ‘home’ URL. I found a solution posted in 2013 that doesn’t work now. Anyone have suggestions? Thanks for your reply! But I actually want the logo to be the same image, I just want it so that when you click on it, it goes to a custom URL, instead of the Home URL. Is there something here that I can change to make it go from home_url to a custom URL? That worked! Fantastic, thank you Josue! The topic ‘Custom URL for Logo’ is closed to new replies.

ICSE /Class 5 Maths MCQ Based On Constructing angles using compass and ruler Our free online Maths test quiz for Class 5, ICSE will assist you to improve your Maths skills on every concept in a fun interactive way. ICSE Class 5 Maths Constructing angles using compass and ruler Protractor isused to measure angles. concept of construction of line. definition of line segment Use of protractor is to measure angles. See the angle of the given figure carefully. Recall the concept of mid-point. It is tough to make angles upto exact decimal places. use the concept: construction of angles. At JustTutors, we believe in the power of digital technology to help students get personalized learning and attention from India's best-in-class science, english and math tutors. We are focused on creating a top-class e-learning platform that brings together the best teachers, technology, media, content for creating a seamless and world-class experience for every student.

All families, Canadian History sources: (Colonial) Government; Family; Social History; 18th century life; fur trade; imperialism French-speaking Family: Translate to French. Toutes les familles, sources d’histoire canadienne : gouvernement (colonial), famille, histoire sociale, vie au xviiie siècle, commerce de la fourrure, impérialisme Famille francophone :

As a child, I usually thought of myself as the only rational being in my small hometown, and oftentimes envisioned god as a tall white bearded man giving me an encouraging head nod. That persisted until I saw a Morgan Freeman movie. Then it persisted in the same format with the same nondescript head nod but it was Morgan Freeman and not only was god approving but he was also instantly hilarious. I would do all the usual bad kid things, and rarely got caught. When I was caught, my parents usually understood but my mother thought that sending me to my room full of toys was a punishment. I interpreted this as god’s endless grace, but as I look at it from a Puritan perspective, I realize that my grandparents were dropping like flies. By age five, I had none left. Tragic as it was, I interpreted it as natural life processes, but God was moving and I should have heeded his warnings. Fast forward to high school and I’m Bible Club Leader. In the yearbook picture, I’m awkwardly standing in the back and the high school Music Coordinator is credited as Bible Club Leader. In the middle of the semester, the principal of my school has to ask a youth pastor to stop helping us because he was having an affair with a student’s mother. Who also happened to be married to the principal. People stopped coming after that. I interpreted it as god allowing me to focus on living up my senior year, but I suppose he could have meant it in the same way my mom rolls her eyes at my half-assed attempts to explain algebra to my 12 year old sister. Then college at the beautiful Charleston Southern University (in the dangerous ghettos of North Charleston). That’s when my sinking suspicions about certainly not being a part of God’s elect were somewhat confirmed. My roommate stole my identity my sophomore year and took out a credit card in my name to pay for her frequent (and lavish) visits to Waffle House. My English professor accused me of using a “way too elevated” vocabulary and suggested that I spend time talking to everyday people as he handed back a B-paper that he admittedly did not read the entirety of. Now that I look back on it, if God didn’t get my attention with the dead grandparents, he definitely awakened me to his message on that god blessed campus. I decided to transfer, and those who I know were most certainly some of his elect (the English professor for instance) rejoiced. God made clear his thoughts of me through his peoples’ actions. I think they flew banners and burned me in effigy; however, at the time I interpreted that as somewhat odd and not indicative of predestination. Once I joined my own kind at the un-godly college, things got much better for me. Though I may not be predestined for the elect, I’m okay with that. After having re-thought all of these somewhat disheartening signs, I’m happy about being with my own kind. I can even curb my arrogance for a serious moment in order to accept that I’m somewhat awkward, albeit in a very endearing way. This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Comedy, Farce, Puritan, Signs, Thomas Shepherd. Bookmark the permalink.

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March 27, 2014 (9 July 2011) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa (left), Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov (center) and NASA astronaut Mike Fossum, all Expedition 28 flight engineers, use still cameras in the International Space Station's Kibo laboratory to photograph a detailed outline of the orbiter's underbelly. The space shuttle "pattern" was traditionally used as a training tool by the station crew members preparing for the R-Bar Pitch Maneuver performed by each arriving shuttle. The image size represents the orbiter at a distance of about 600 feet on approach. During an RPM, typically more than 300 images are taken using cameras outfitted with 400, 800 and 1000 mm lenses and downlinked to the ground for analysis to clear the Thermal Protection System for entry. Topics: Human spaceflight, Spaceflight, Space Shuttle program, STS-135, Aquanauts, Satoshi Furukawa, Expedition 28, STS-124, Space Shuttle, Orbiter

There may not be a more highly anticipated debut in central Virginia than the one Jeff Woody and Monticello makes Friday when the Mustangs host George Wythe. Not only is it our Friday Night Endzone "Game of the Week", it's also the Monticello debut for one of the most successful high school coaches in the Commonwealth in recent years. Woody comes to the area from Brookville, where he recently led the Bees to back-to-back 14-0 seasons, and Division III state titles. Woody and his coaching staff have spent the last few months preparing to lead the Mustangs to that level and everyone in the Mustang community is eager to see the results. "No one has seen us play so everyone's anxious," senior Josh Malm explained. "So we have to go out there and show them what we can do then throughout the season we've got to keep everything going." "Also there is some nerves, there's some anxiety, hoping that we put the good foot forward, a good show," Woody added. "An exciting game to watch will bring more and more people out as the season progresses." From practices, to scrimmages and benefit games, Woody says his Mustangs have progressed nicely heading into the season. "The chemistry is in a good place right now between the coaches, players and everybody," Woody said. "I know the community is excited about it, the school building is on the edge of their seats." "We're just real excited about this," senior Sean Means added. "First game, first time under the lights, last first game for us seniors. We're just getting excited, hyped, and hopefully win this." The Mustangs pasted Wythe, 51-12, last season, and a win Friday to open the season would get Woody and his team on the right path. "It sets the tone," Woody explained. "And it not only sets the tone for our kids, and for our practices, but it sets the tone for our kids and that building and can be a positive atmosphere within the student body." "I think we'll be able to show everybody what we've got but it will definitely help keep us going throughout the season," Malm added. "It's an out-of-district game but that doesn't matter. It's still a game. We've got to get things.

Matt Hartigan writes about sports technology for Co.Labs. He graduated from the University of Southern California in 2006 where he studied English, Psychology, Fine Arts and spectatorship. He lives in Brooklyn with a girl named Boy and a number of unread books. He writes both fiction and in the third

The Catholic Spanish challenged the Protestant English in a battle for global ascendancy. Catholicism versus Protestantism During the 16th century, the Spanish crown ruled over a vast and powerful empire, including a portion of Europe, the majority of the Americas, parts of Africa, and the Philippines. Some people called it ‘the empire on which the sun never sets’, as the territory covered so many time zones that it was always daytime somewhere. The Spanish Empire was also a stronghold for Catholicism, and had the personal backing of the Pope. In 1517 CE, a new branch of Christianity was created. Protestantism, as it came to be known, was a protest against Catholicism. It encouraged people to reject the Pope, and focus instead on finding a personal relationship with God. Protestantism was embraced by a number of monarchs, including those of England, who wanted to break free from the interference of the Pope. Henry VIII famously turned England into a Protestant country by forming the Church of England. This allowed him to divorce his first wife, after the Pope had previously refused to annul the marriage. The Spanish Armada In the 1580s, Philip II of Spain, the Catholic ruler of the largest empire on the entire planet, decided to tackle the forces of Protestantism head on. He proceeded to assemble the Spanish Armada, an enormous fleet of 130 ships. These ships were manned by 8000 sailors, with about 18,000 soldiers controlling the cannons and guns. The ‘Invincible Armada’, as it was known by some, set its sights upon Protestant England. The queen at that time was Elizabeth I, the daughter of Henry VIII. Elizabeth had vehemently promoted Protestantism in her own country, while also funding Protestant movements in France and the Netherlands. Philip II wanted to put an end to all this by claiming England as his own. England might not have been as rich and powerful as the Spanish Empire, but it was still a wealthy nation which refused to go down without a fight. Elizabeth assembled a defensive force of 40 warships under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham, a High Admiral, and Francis Drake, an enigmatic sea captain with previous experience fighting against Spanish ships. In 1588 CE, the Spanish Armada entered the English Channel. The Armada was commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, a well-respected Spanish aristocrat with a reputation for being a devout Catholic. Before the departure of the fleet, Philip II said to Medina that “the cause being the cause of God, you will not fail.” Philip II was wrong. Despite the superior size of the Spanish fleet, the English ships were more nimble and manouvrable than their Spanish counterparts, while also carrying advanced cannons which were capable of firing over longer distances. After several months of fighting, the English managed to scatter the Spanish Armada, and closed in for the kill at Gravelines, off the coast of France. At Gravelines, the Spanish Armada was hindered by a powerful wind, which prevented them from getting into a defensive formation. The battle ended with an English victory, and the Armada was forced to retreat to Spain, pounded by further winds along the way. By the time they got back, the ‘Invincible Armada’ had lost almost half of its ships and suffered 15,000 deaths. The Protestant Wind The victory of the English against the Spanish Armada had been helped, in part, by a series of favorable winds. Many Protestants believed that these winds had been sent by God himself, in a mark of support for Protestantism at the expense of the Catholic Church. Commemorative medals were engraved with the following: “He blew with His winds, and they were scattered.” This gave confidence to the Protestants, who went from strength to strength in the centuries which followed. In the modern world, approximately a third of all Christians are Protestants, while half are Catholic. The remaining Christians come from smaller branches of the faith, including the Eastern Orthodox Church, which found refuge in Russia after its defeat in Constantinople. The English nation also gained confidence from the Battle of Gravelines, particularly when it came to naval battles. Elizabeth I began to send her ships into the wider world, as the British started to build an empire of their own. At its height, this empire dwarfed the Spanish, as it became the largest empire in history. What if the Spanish had won? If the Spanish had won at the Battle of Gravelines, it would have destroyed British hopes of building an empire of their own. Instead, they would have been absorbed into the Spanish empire, which could have expanded, unopposed, across the globe. Modern countries, like the United States of America, would have looked completely different. Instead of thirteen British colonies, who became an independent country in 1776, North America would have probably been colonized by the Spanish. This Spanish-America might have had a very different history to the one which unfolded in real life: no intervention at World War One, no atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, no moon landings, no Hollywood, no Google. In terms of religion, the world would have looked different too. Defeat at Gravelines would have been a major blow to early Protestantism, which might have struggled to properly recover. Almost a billion Protestants in the world today would have needed to place their faith elsewhere. The English Armada In 1589 CE, a decade after the Battle of Gravelines, England launched what is sometimes known as the Counter Armada. This fleet of more than a hundred ships set sail for Spain in the hope of capitalizing on the weakened Spanish navy. This attack proved costly for the English, with the Counter Armada faring just as badly as the Spanish Armada before it. This time, the winds were against the English, which disrupted their planned attack. They lost almost half of their ships to Spanish defenders, before being forced to retreat back to England. Some historians have called this event the greatest naval disaster in British history, but it was seen very differently at the time. Elizabeth I forbade any sources which presented the event too negatively, suggesting instead that the defeat was unfortunate but not overly disastrous. This propaganda proved successful, with the defeat of the Counter Armada receiving far less attention than the defeat of the Spanish Armada, not just at the time but also by historians writing in the centuries since.

Santa Ana-based Ducommun Inc. reported mixed results for the third quarter and announced a restructuring plan. The company posted revenue of $138.7 million, up 4.6% from a year ago but missing analyst estimates of $143.4 million. Adjusted profits topped $4.6 million, down 7.1% and topping Wall Street expectations of $4.3 million. The aerospace manufacturer said it closed the quarter with a backlog of $655 million as it boosted sales in the military and space segment, led by its fixed-wing, missile, and helicopter offerings. It posted a modest revenue gain in the industrial segment, which was offset by a sales dip in its aerospace business, due to softness in the business jet market and winding down regional jet programs. Ducommun on Thursday also announced a restructuring plan that includes $22 million to $25 million in related charges through the end of next year. About $9 million to $10 million of that total is earmarked for severance packages and $13 million to $15 million for non-cash write-downs of inventory and other impairments. It expects the initiative will result in total savings of about $14 million. Established in 1849, it’s California’s oldest continuously running company and the oldest manufacturer in L.A. It has worked on Boeing 737s since their inception in the 1960s. Its shares are down less than 1% in afternoon trading to a market value of about $367 million. The company did not immediately respond to inquiries related to the restructuring plan.

Photo of International Forum of Indigenous Peoples on Climate Change in Cancun, 2010: OXFAM As leaders and the publics they represent negotiate the future of climate change mitigation and adaptation in Paris at the United Nation’s COP21, The Arctic Institute is publishing articles, infographics, and event videos to provide an Arctic perspective on COP21. Through seven installments, Institute experts and affiliates will explore the negotiation’s impacts on the Arctic’s peoples, communities, ecosystems, political relations, and energy systems. This is the second installment. You can find other publications in the series below: - Quickstart to COP21 - COP21 and the Arctic: What’s at Stake? - COP21 and the Arctic: What’s at Stake? Infographic - COP21 and the Arctic: Adaptation, Damage, and the Work to be Done - Closing Week One and COP21: India, the Arctic, and Reaching an Agreement - 100 Days In: COP21 and the Arctic’s Future – An Era of Energy Transition Gone are the days where many people are on the fence about climate change. Today, many state leaders and ordinary people not only recognize that climate change is an issue, but are attempting to negate or reverse the detrimental impact that this can and has already had on our world. The Northern Indigenous Peoples are at the forefront of the battle on climate change, both physically and emotionally. Their lives are being dramatically impacted as the ice melts, and have therefore worked hard in the past and continue to work hard to create internationally binding agreements. The upcoming UNFCCC COP21 in Paris between 30 November and 11 December 2015 will be another example of their involvement; here Indigenous Peoples will strive to achieve four goals, which will be fleshed out below, to increase their involvement and international recognition, as well as help mitigate the impacts of climate change. Looking towards the future, Indigenous Peoples will continue to work with states and other groups to help prevent what could amount to a disaster on the international level. The North is inhabited by four million people, ten percent of which are Indigenous peoples. The Indigenous peoples of the North are most at jeopardy from climate change because not only is there a threat to their homes due to significant environmental changes, such as disappearing sea ice and thawing permafrost, but on a deeper level the harm that climate change could have on the loss of traditional ways of life. The Northern Indigenous Peoples have an intimate relationship with the land, depending on it for their subsistence hunting traditions and their capability to live and travel in the remote regions of the North. Therefore, they are facing not only the threat of melting ice and the ecological disasters that this would bring to their homes and lives, but also the potential loss of cultural practices vital to their identity, which revolve around a land filled with snow and ice. Losing the snow and ice in the north would mean a dramatic change to the environmental landscape of the region. Not only would it lead to a noticeable shift in the types of flora and fauna that would flourish, but also a shift in the areas that would be habitable. Where some might assume that a warming of the North would make it more habitable, the opposite is in fact true for many of the people inhabiting the region. People living in the Arctic have adapted to surviving in a cold climate and thriving in predictable and stable ice and weather conditions. With warmer climates comes melting multiyear ice and the disappearance of permafrost. This threatens the ability for Indigenous Peoples to hunt and eat traditional food, due to their prey often disappearing with the receding ice and the often required relocation of villages due to unstable ground and infrastructure disruptions. There are already a plethora of examples of where Indigenous Peoples might have to adapt their diets and their traditional locations due to changing climates. For example, the movement of rodents in Alaska, could have an extensive ripple effect on larger predators. Thus potentially affecting the hunting and traditional lifestyle of the Indigenous Peoples living in Alaska. Because Indigenous Peoples are so dependent on the land and the resources provided by the land, a shift in the climate will dramatically impact their ways of life. This means that, much like any climate conference, the upcoming UNFCCC COP21 in Paris between 30 November and 11 December 2015 is crucially important. The climate talks are poised to create, for the first time in 20 years, a binding agreement on climate change and its mitigation. For the Indigenous Peoples of the North, the issues discussed at these conferences are not simply scientific, but also human rights concerns. By maintaining a lifestyle that perpetuates climate change, we are not only threatening the circumpolar environment, but their rights as human beings– their rights to maintain a traditional lifestyle. According to the 1946 American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man as well as the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, Northern Indigenous peoples, as well as all Indigenous peoples have the right to, “the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.” What this means in more direct terms is that anything that impedes Arctic Indigenous peoples the right to maintaining their own culture and traditions is a violation of their rights as humans. Ms. Watt-Cloutier, who strongly believes this human aspect of the effects of climate change, not only petitioned the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) against the United States but was also asked to testify at the IACHR in 2007 about the impacts of climate change and pollution on the traditional lifestyles of the Inuit peoples. In her petition, Ms. Watt-Cloutier claimed that the level of pollution produced by the United States was a violation of the rights of Inuit people as it prevents their ability to live their lives. For her work in this field, Ms.Watt-Cloutier recently received the 2015 Right Livelihood Award, which is often termed the ‘Alternative Nobels’. These actions firmly implanted, on an international scale, the idea that human rights and climate change are intimately connected; this connection will be one of the key aspects that Indigenous Peoples have fought for in the past and will continue to fight for in the upcoming COP21 talks. Indigenous Peoples from all around the world, including Arctic Indigenous Peoples, have tirelessly been involved in international environmental discussions, such as the Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, and previous UNFCCC COP talks; the COP21 in Paris will be no different. Not only will there be side-events and publications, but there will also be an Indigenous Pavilion, which will create a space for Indigenous Peoples to share their views and their opinions, and maybe most importantly their cultures with world leaders. The dominant question boils down to the impact that a non-governmental actor can have in such state-dominated discussions. The Indigenous Peoples will have a fundamental role to play in the upcoming events surrounding climate change, but will state leaders be willing to listen? There are examples in the past of states who are willing to listen, and Indigenous Peoples who have spoken loud enough to be heard. The Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC), an Arctic Indigenous Non-Governmental Actor, in the 1992 Rio+20 Conference, for example, drafted a paper calling for the use of traditional Indigenous views while forming environmental policy. Furthermore, Sheila Watt-Cloutier, who was head of the Canadian branch of the ICC, is well known for her participation in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2001, which led to her nomination for the renowned Nobel Peace Prize. According to her book, The Right To Be Cold: One Woman’s Story of Protecting Her Culture, the Arctic and the Whole Planet Ms. Watt-Cloutier spoke at numerous meetings and conferences for the United Nations, the Conference of the Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region, the Northern Forum, the Canadian Polar Commission Conference and Canadian Senate hearings. During her involvement with the fight against POPs, she actively collaborated in international meetings, bringing the reality of Arctic climate change to the forefront of people’s minds. In the 1999 Nairobi talks, the second meeting of an International Negotiating Committee (INC) which was dealing with the issues of POPs, Ms. Watt-Cloutier presented a statue of an Inuit mother and child to the executive director of the UN Environmental Programme; this statue became a reminder to all during the talks of the important human aspect of the fight against climate change, as well as the importance of intergenerational justice. Reminding the negotiators that what they are fighting for is not only the world today, but the world the next generation will inherit. An act which demonstrated what Indigenous Peoples strive towards during these international talks, to be a reminder of the community aspects of these discussions and not simply the long-term scientific impacts. On a broader note, the International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on Climate Change (IIPFCC) helps coordinate Indigenous Peoples’ undertakings when dealing with global climate change negotiations. In the COP20 talks, which took place in Peru in December 2014, Indigenous Peoples were diligently involved. Before the talks even began, there was a meeting with over five times and 10 state representatives. This allowed for the discussion and the facilitation of communal ideas between friendly states and Indigenous Peoples. The final COP20 draft mentioned Indigenous Peoples five times, including a mention of the importance of respecting indigenous rights in a preamble dealing with creating a draft negotiation. What Northern Indigenous Peoples’ have done in this instance, and many other instances, is bond together with other Indigenous Peoples around the world, ensuring a loud, clear voice that states will have a hard time to ignore. Furthermore, during the talks in Lima, as well as the COP talks before that, Indigenous Peoples, including the ICC and the Saami Council, strove to share their cultures and livelihoods, teaching people about the importance of maintaining a traditional lifestyle. For example in the COP20 talks, the Pabellón Indígena, which is similar to this year’s Indigenous Pavilion, the Indigenous Livelihoods Enhancement Partners (ILEP) shared a presentation on how climate adaptability strategies can benefit from local knowledge. Have these past involvements set the stage for the upcoming talks in Paris? Involvement in COP21 As already mentioned, during the upcoming talks in Paris there will be a forum for not only the involvement of Indigenous Peoples in discussions but also a space to educate people on their culture and heritage. From the Arctic region, both the Inuit Circumpolar Council and the Saami Council will be present and representing their respective Indigenous groups. There are four goals that Indigenous People, including the Northern peoples, will be seeking to achieve during the COP21 talks: first, the acceptance of climate change as a human rights issue, second the recognition of traditional indigenous knowledge in the fight against climate change, third the full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples, specifically women and youth, in the processes and decisions made surrounding climate change, and finally a direct access to funds dealing with climate change for Indigenous Peoples. These four goals will be achieved through discussions, presentations, working with states, and a deeper understanding of the cultural implications of climate change. The first goal is one that has been a focal point for Arctic Indigenous Peoples; ensuring that climate change is recognized as a human rights issue. Northern Indigenous Peoples have been actively affected by climate change on a daily basis, which has obstructed their ability to traditionally live their cultural lives. Therefore disregarding climate change is a violation of their human rights– their right to live and work safely, their ability to follow the traditional lifestyles handed down to them from their ancestors. This goal is not new. As mentioned, in the past, Ms. Watt-Cloutier submitted a claim to the IACHR against the United States regarding this exact idea. The expectation for the COP21 talks will be to follow this mentality. This goal not only lays out the concept of a potential violation of human rights but the importance of deciding on future international objectives and measures which do not impede the well-being of Indigenous Peoples. Targets set out by states in the upcoming COP21 talks should not only respect the lands and rights of Indigenous Peoples, but should not propel Indigenous Peoples further into poverty. The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) program has raised questions about UN programs that hinder Indigenous ways of life in favour of sustainable practices. The REDD+ report mentions several downsides for Indigenous Peoples, including, but not limited to: a violation of customary land rights, decrease in local foods, and increased tension between Indigenous Peoples and governments. In the COP21 talks, Indigenous peoples will strive to ensure that states and intergovernmental actors such as the UN will work towards sustainable practices in a way which helps Indigenous lives and respects their heritage and lifestyle as opposed to the degradation of their lives. Secondly, the importance of striving towards the acceptance of Traditional Knowledge to be placed next to Western scientific knowledge is a key goal. Northern Indigenous Peoples have lived and thrived in one of the most difficult climates in the world through adapting to the land and the hardships using traditional knowledge. Traditional Knowledge (TK) is different that Western scientific knowledge, in that it is often orally passed down and based on first hand observations about the environment and self-management of resources. Because Traditional Knowledge is passed down, it is cumulative, based on past generations and building on previous experiences. There is already a history of incorporating Traditional Knowledge in international reports and documents, such as the Arctic Human Development Report, which was published in 2004. This report looked at the human development in the Arctic. This document uses both Western scientific and Indigenous Traditional Knowledge to build a picture of what development in the Arctic looks like. The benefits of using TK in these types of documents and in the broader fight against climate change is the ability to use observations that often cover a substantial amount of time and that frequently finds links between events that may seem unrelated to people who do not possess the benefit of these generations of knowledge. Another example where Traditional Knowledge and Western scientific knowledge has been successfully combined in the Arctic is the use of TK in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in the North. Furthermore, the Arctic Council has also worked tirelessly on the acceptance and recognition of the importance of TK, they even developed a collection of practices being undertaken, “at local and regional levels showing how [Indigenous] ways of life can co-exist with modern ways to support healthy communities.” COP21 and other climate change talks give the Western scientific community another opportunity to learn from this knowledge, using it to help create policy and further their own research in the area. States should follow the examples of companies such as BHP Diamonds Inc. who used TK at Lac de Gras in the Northwest Territories to create an EIA and produced a, “multiphased, holistic approach” in interacting and working with Indigenous Peoples. In the Indigenous Peoples’ outlining document for the COP21 talks, they recommend setting up an advisory body, which will allow indigenous experts to help design, implement, monitor, and evaluate the work of UNFCC bodies. The third goal will be the acceptance of Indigenous Peoples as members who have a right to be at the negotiating table. Although Indigenous Peoples have many opportunities to present and argue their perspectives, they are still dependent on states to further perpetuate their point of view. The Arctic Council itself is an example of this, as well as climate change talks in the past, where the ultimate decisions are made only by states. The Arctic Council is an interesting example, however, of the involvement of Indigenous Peoples because it has set precedent in including Indigenous Peoples are Permanent Participants. Being a Permanent Participant allows groups such as the Aleut International Association or the Saami Council to participate in discussions and sit at the negotiation table, a table based on consensus and engagement. The Arctic Council has also strived for a better understanding of TK and an empowerment of Indigenous Peoples in the North. However, Indigenous Peoples still do not have voting rights in the Arctic Council. Therefore Indigenous Peoples during COP21 will strive to further their involvement and consultation allowing for a deeper bond and a greater ability to influence the decisions of the world. The final goal is ensuring that Indigenous Peoples have direct access to climate finance, including the Green Climate fund (GCF). Indigenous Peoples want to be recognized as active observers, as opposed to normal observers, within the Board of the GCF which will give them a different status than simply a non-governmental organization. This would allow Indigenous Peoples to be actively involved in discussions and give them the ability to directly intervene on issues prevalent to their concerns. This final goal ties the previous three together, by allowing Indigenous Peoples active observer status, this would not only be a recognition of the human aspect of climate change, but also an acceptance of Indigenous Peoples at the negotiation table and would allow Traditional Knowledge to permeate some of the projects supported by the GCF. The Indigenous Pavilion will be the main method that will allow for the success of these goals. The Pavilion will have several events, which will facilitate dialogue between Indigenous Peoples and state representatives. These include: a two-day conference entitled Resilience in a time of Uncertainty: Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change, which will speak not only to the current impacts that indigenous communities are facing, including impacts in the North, but will also address mitigation techniques that meld indigenous and western scientific knowledge; meetings with states participating in the COP21 talks; and a two-day special event titled Sustainable Innovation Forum, which will involve interactive discussion panels with business leaders, NGOs, and governments. Furthermore, the Arctic Council, which represents not only the eight Arctic states but also several Indigenous Permanent Participants, such as the Gwich’in Council International and the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, will be making a statement in Paris. The United States, who has recently taken over the chairmanship of the Arctic Council, will make this statement on behalf of the entire Council. This statement shows that it is not only the discussions happening during the 12 days of COP21 that are important, but also the continual conversations that states are having with Indigenous Peoples. There is a continuous push for climate change in the world, and Indigenous Peoples are and should be actively involved in these discussions. The COP21 talks in Paris will not be the end of the fight against climate change. They are simply one more step in the battle. After COP21 ends, Indigenous Peoples and states alike will have to continue discussions, negotiations, and the building of partnerships. A successful COP21 will help Arctic Indigenous Peoples receive the recognition for future discussions, the ability to share their Traditional Knowledge with leaders and decision-makers, and the ability to share in future decision-making processes. After COP21, Arctic Indigenous Peoples will continue their advocacy, including their involvement in the Arctic Council as Permanent Participants. And although there is more optimism surrounding the talks in Paris, especially compared to the 2009 Copenhagen talks, there is still the realistic fact that an agreement in Paris will not be the end climate change. There will be more work to do, both for states, and Indigenous Peoples around the world. Ideally Indigenous Peoples, specifically Arctic Indigenous Peoples will be accepted and sought after for their knowledge of the impacts that climate change can have on not only the environments, but also on a community. The fight will continue, and the four goals set out, will have to be pursued and advocated for continuously and in multiple fora. Indigenous Peoples will work together as a whole, as well as in their own regional groups, to ensure that their human rights are respected, and that the international world does not only accept this, but strives to ensure that these rights are protected as all human rights should be. The Arctic Indigenous Peoples, specifically, will continue to attempt to stop the melting ice, the changing climate, and the impacts that these will have on their livelihood. For them, as well as other Indigenous Peoples, these climate change talks, as well as the next 10-15 years will be fundamentally important to ensure their cultural survival.

Gut-dwelling parasites may protect us against potentially deadly diseases. Worms that live in our intestines, such as blood-sucking ‘hookworms’, are currently being tested as medical treatments for diseases such as hayfever and certain bowel conditions. But how do parasitic worms, technically known as ‘helminths’, protect against disease, are they a safe and effective therapy, and why have they evolved to help us in the first place? This group of inquiries falls collectively under the territory of the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’. This fairly loose hypothesis proposes that there is a connection between improved hygiene in the developed world and an increase in the incidence of certain diseases in these countries. What is the hygiene hypothesis? The hygiene hypothesis was first proposed in 1989 when a doctor from the United Kingdom noticed that children from larger families tended to suffer fewer allergies than those from smaller ones. His explanation was that larger families had greater exposure to bacteria and viruses, and this programmed the childhood immune system in such a way that allergic reactions became less likely. The hypothesis has evolved considerably over the past twenty years, becoming much broader in scope. At its core is the observation that a group of related conditions which can be called ‘immunological diseases’ are much more common in the developed world (Europe, the United States etc) than in developing countries. Immunological diseases occur when the immune system, which evolved to fight off infections and other harmful agents, like bacteria and viruses, ‘accidentally’ attacks the wrong targets. Two main categories are ‘autoimmunity’, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, and ‘allergy’, where harmless particles from our environment are targeted with an excessively vigorous response. The second core feature of the hygiene hypothesis is the claim that reduced exposure to certain infectious organisms in more developed, and hence more hygienic countries, has caused this rise in immunological diseases. The infections thought to play a role in the hygiene hypothesis include several species of bacteria and a variety of parasitic worms, or helminths. The evidence for this comes firstly from the fact that globally, exposure to parasitic infections and the occurrence of immunological diseases are inversely correlated, i.e. countries with more infectious diseases tend to have fewer immunological diseases (Figure 1, right). But correlation does not prove causation. It could be that the greater risk of immunological disease and reduced exposure to infections in the developed world is mere coincidence. Or the two factors could both be caused by something else that we don’t yet understand. Several lines of evidence support the claim that reduced exposure to infectious agents has a causative role in immunological disease. These can broadly be divided into two types: firstly, animal models of immunological diseases have shown that parasitic worms inhibit the development of disease. And secondly, human immunological diseases have been demonstrated as being influenced by real-life infectious organisms. Evidence for the hygiene hypothesis: Animal models An animal model generally refers to when scientists study a disease process in a non-human animal to learn about the equivalent disease in humans. Various animal models have been used to study immunological diseases. For example, ‘Non Obese Diabetic mice’, or NOD mice, are very susceptible to developing type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune condition that also affects humans. By studying what goes wrong with NOD mice, scientists hope to learn about the diabetes disease process and ultimately discover potential treatments that work on humans. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin, a hormone which regulates blood sugar. The resulting drop in insulin production causes uncontrollably high blood sugar, and prior to the development of insulin injections, it was invariably fatal. Professor Anne Cooke and colleagues from the University of Cambridge have tested whether infection with helminths has any effect on the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. “We looked to see whether or not we could actually test out the hygiene hypothesis using a mouse model of type 1 diabetes,” says Cooke. In 1999, Cooke showed that infecting NOD mice with a particular type of helminth called Schistosoma mansoni blocked the development of type 1 diabetes (Figure 2, left). 73% of the ‘control’ NOD mice, which had no helminths, went on to develop diabetes, compared with just 28% in the group given an injection of 30 Schistosoma mansoni parasites at 5 weeks of age. “It inhibited them from getting diabetes quite markedly.” Schistosoma mansoni, also known as Bilharzias, is a parasitic fluke that inhabits the blood vessels around our intestines (Figure 3, right). It can live for up to 40 years, fully exposed to the host immune system, apparently without suffering any ill-effects. This extraordinary ability to survive the onslaught of our immune system is testament to how well-adapted the parasite has become to its host. “Humans have coevolved with their parasites over a very, very long period of time,” Cooke points out. “We’re talking millions of years.” The immune system deploys a particular attack strategy to combat helminths, known as the ‘TH2 response’. This response uses a type of antibody known as IgE, which binds to specific molecules on the parasites and activates a range of worm-killing mechanisms, including cells called ‘eosinophils’ that release toxic granules to damage the worm’s surface. Parasites like S. mansoni (right) have had to adapt to survive such a hostile environment. “Worms have evolved a whole pile of strategies to evade the host immune system,” says Cooke. One immune evasion mechanism that worms have evolved is to manipulate the TH2 response and bias it in favour of 'immune regulation'. This is where the immune system limits its ‘offensive’, or inflammatory activity, and instead dampens down the inflammation and switches to a ‘restore and repair’ setting. The balance between immune attack and immune regulation is a fine one- too much of the former and you get excessive damage of your own tissues (e.g. with autoimmune disease or allergy), too much of the latter and you don’t kill off the wards of invading pathogens that bombard our body on a daily basis (Figure 4, left). Worms like Schistosoma mansoni seem to work by producing what is called a ‘modified TH2 response’, pushing the see-saw in favour of inhibitory immune regulation and so partially shielding itself from immune-mediated destruction. Cooke went on to show that live infection was not necessary to have a protective effect. The presence of certain molecules on the surface of Schistosoma mansoni eggs, known as ‘Soluble Egg Antigens’ or SEAs, was sufficient to inhibit the development of diabetes in NOD mice (Figure 5, below right). “You don’t need to give a live infection with this parasitic worm, or helminth, in fact you can use extracts of the worm and that also stops diabetes,” she says. Cooke hopes that studying the molecules produced by worms like Schistosoma mansoni “Our focus has been mainly on trying to identify the molecules which are produced and encoded by these infectious agents, that themselves can actually modulate the immune system,” she said. “So rather than having a live infection, maybe we would be able to identify these molecules and use these to prevent disease, a bit like having a vitamin pill.” And this is not just a one-off idiosyncrasy of S. mansoni and type 1 diabetes, either. A similar strategy has been employed by Margaret Harnett and colleagues at the University of Glasgow, who have shown that a molecule produced by filarial nematode worms, called ES-62, inhibits the development of autoimmunity in mice. ES-62 is produced by a worm called Acanthocheilonema viteae, which is related to the worms that cause ‘River Blindness’ and elephantiasis in the developing world. When given to mice that have been primed to develop ‘Collagen-Induced Arthritis’, an animal model for Rheumatoid Arthritis, disease progression was significantly inhibited. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition mainly affecting the small bones and joints of the body; it affects about 1% of the world’s global population. Importantly, ES-62 still limited the progression of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in mice even if it was administered after the onset of clinical symptoms, suggesting it could potentially work as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Evidence like this supports the notion that certain infectious organisms inhibit the development of immunological diseases. Anne Cooke has also shown that a range of other helminths, such as Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Trichinella spiralis, have the same protective effect in preventing type 1 diabetes in NOD mice as Schitsosoma mansoni does (Figure 6). In fact, a whole range of infectious organisms or their soluble products have inhibited the development of immunological disorders in animal models. This further generalizes the principle that parasitic worms activate immune regulatory mechanisms which can inhibit the development of autoimmunity and allergy. The hygiene hypothesis at work on humans Similar effects to those seen with animal models have been convincingly demonstrated in humans in a wealth of studies. Back in 1993, Dr Neil Lynch showed that treating children from a Venezuelan slum with helminth-killing drugs (known as ‘antihelminthics’) precipitated the development of allergy in those children, while individuals who retained their parasite burden remained relatively allergy-free. More recently, Jorge Correale and colleagues at the Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological research in Argentina have shown that infection with helminths protects against relapses of symptoms in human patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Multiple Sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the outer layer of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, causing a range of neurological symptoms. In the ‘relapse-remitting’ form of the illness, the symptoms wax and wane in an unpredictable manner over time. In Correale’s original study, published in 2007, twelve relapse-remitting MS patients were identified as having high levels of eosinophils in their blood, the cell type that is associated with anti-parasite immunity. By examining the patient’s stools, the researchers confirmed the presence of various species of helminth, including the whipworm Trichuris trichiura, and the roundworms Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercolaris. These twelve individuals were then followed-up over a 4 - 5 year period and compared with twelve uninfected relapse-remitting MS patients that were matched for age, sex and so on. The helminth-infected patients faired considerably better than their uninfected, ‘hygienic’ counterparts, suffering fewer episodes of ‘relapse’ (worsening symptoms, or new symptoms appearing). In a later study, Correale and colleagues showed that administering antihelminthic drugs to MS patients infected with helminths precipitated worsening of their symptoms and increased their risk of relapse, a finding that echoes the study performed by Dr Neil Lynch in the Venezuelan slums. Correale’s studies also hint at a mechanism for how the helminths actually work to inhibit the progression of MS disease. Infected patients had higher levels of immune signaling molecules, called ‘cytokines’, that dampen down immune reactions. These so-called anti-inflammatory cytokines include the memorably named IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor beta, or TGF-β. Infected patients also had raised levels of a special type of immune cell known as a ‘regulatory T-cell’, or ‘Treg’ for short. Tregs are known to play a key role in suppressing the immune system, preventing excessive damage. This lends yet more support to the hypothesis that helminths promote a dominant anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory environment, tipping the delicate immunological balance away from aggression and towards passive appeasement. So the evidence that at least some parasitic worms inhibit the development of some immunological diseases, and that they do so via activating immune regulatory mechanisms, is quite conclusive. But could worms really work as a viable medical treatment for humans? And would people actually take them? Professor Joel Weinstock from Tufts University in the United States thinks that the answer to both those questions is a resounding yes, as we’ll discuss in the next article: Will Whipworm Work? Glossary of terms: Allergy – Diseases caused by an excessive and unnecessary immune reaction to harmless particles in our environment, like grass pollen, which causes hayfever. Antihelminthics – Drugs that kill helminths (parasitic worms). Autoimmunity – Diseases caused by the body’s immune system targeting its own tissues ‘by mistake’, resulting in tissue damage. Cytokine – A chemical signaling molecule that influences processes concerning the immune system. An ‘inflammatory cytokine’ promotes immune reactions, activating immune aggression. An ‘anti-inflammatory cytokine’ has the opposite effect, suppressing and subduing the immune system. Helminth – A multi-cellular animal that lives in or on humans and which has an ‘earthworm-like’ shape. These include nematodes, like hookworm and whipworm, flukes, like Schistosoma mansoni, and tapeworms, which can grow to meters in size. These creatures are not actually very closely related to each-other. Immune system – A complex network of molecules, cells and organs which have evolved to seek out potentially damaging threats, like infectious bacteria and viruses, and destroy them. Immunological disease – Diseases characterized by a dysfunction of the immune system. See ‘Allergy’ and ‘Autoimmunity’. Inflammation – This is a strong response mounted by the immune system against potential threats. Causes the inflamed area to become hot, swollen and painful. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) – An autoimmune disease in which the immune system targets a fatty substance called ‘myelin’, which surrounds nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord. Myelin acts as insulation around the nerve and its destruction causes neurological deficits. In the ‘relapse-remitting’ form, the symptoms wax and wane in an unpredictable manner over time. Non-Obese Diabetic/ NOD mice – A special breed of mice that spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes. Parasite – An organism that lives in or on another creature, the ‘host’, from which it derives benefits at the host’s expense. Most medical doctors think of parasites as separate from bacteria and viruses, covering ‘all the rest’- from single-celled organisms like amoeba to helminths, like tapeworms. Rheumatoid arthritis – An autoimmune disease that affects many body systems, including the skeletal joints. Affects 1% of the global population and can cause chronic disability and pain. An animal model for Rheumatoid arthritis is ‘Collagen-Induced Arthritis’ (CIA) in mice. Regulatory T cells, Tregs – A special type of immune cell that is activated by specific molecules and functions to inhibit other cells in the immune system, dampening down immune responses and producing anti-inflammatory chemicals. Type 1 Diabetes – An autoimmune disease that comes on during childhood where the immune system destroys cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, causing uncontrollably high blood-sugar. Prior to insulin injections this was universally fatal in humans, and is still a debilitating disease. (Distinct from type 2 diabetes, which comes on later in life, is more affected by diet and lifestyle, and is less severe.) References and further reading: * General overview of the hygiene hypothesis: ‘Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis’, in Immunology, January 2009, Volume 126, Issue 1. * Animal models supporting the hygiene hypothesis: Cooke, A. et al., 1999. Infection with Schistosoma mansoni prevents insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice. Parasite Immunology 21: 169-176. Zaccone, P. et al. 2006. Parasitic worms and inflammatory diseases. Parasite Immunology 28: 515-523. Dunne, D.W. & Cooke, A. 2005. A worm's eye view of the immune system: consequences for evolution of human autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol. May;5(5):420-6. Filarial nematode secreted product ES-62 is an anti-inflammatory agent: therapeutic potential of small molecule derivatives and ES-62 peptide mimetics. Harnett W, Harnett MM. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006 May-Jun;33(5-6):511-8. Harnett, M.M. et al. 2010. The therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode-derived immunodulator, ES-62 in inflammatory disease. Clin Exp Immunol 159(3): 256–267. * The hygiene hypothesis as applied to humans: Lynch NR, Hagel I, Perez M, et al. 1993. Effect of anthelmintic treatment on the allergic reactivity of children in a tropical slum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 92:404–411. Correale J, Farez M. 2007. Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 61(2):97-108. Correale J, Farez MF. 2011. The impact of parasite infections on the course of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 233(1-2):6-11. Epub 2011 Jan 31. Towards the end of this most interesting article, this was written, Or, there's something about vaccination that ruins the immune system. What's an adjuvant? BTW, it's unravelled. Two l's. bobby green, Sun, 19th Jan 2014

Hi, I am a (NEW) Android developer, I just published my first application in the google play and I would be very grateful if you could take a look. The application's name is DataBox and it is used to save data in a organized way. The users create templates and later they use them to collect data. Templates can be of any kind; maintenance of my car, places to visit, the health records of my son,... Anything you can think of. Features, • Free app (ad supported, limited to three DataBox) • Different kinds of visualization templates: list, calendar, map, gallery • You can share your DataBox templates with anothers users, (you can include your data too) • You can do backups of your DataBox. • You can create shortcuts of your DataBox in your desktop Premium features • No ads • You can create more than three DataBox Playstore url: I hope that you would find the application as useful as me. Could you help me telling me few suggestions or bugs? Thanks in advance, Rllavero

The Body Mass Index doesn’t yield correct answers when it comes to the health of athletes. Since the mid-nineties, healthcare professionals have used Body Mass Index (BMI)—a measure of how much mass someone has relative to their height—to identify whether a patient is at a healthy weight. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a BMI under 18.5 is underweight; between 18.5 and 24.99 is considered normal; 25 to 29.9 is overweight; and 30 and above is considered obese. The BMI is so revered as a standard that back in 2016, the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission proposed that people with higher BMIs should also have to shell out more for insurance premiums since being overweight or obese can increase your risk for diabetesand heart disease, and is considered unhealthy. That’s a move researchers from UCLA have condemned as not just unfair, but downright incorrect, in a paper published in 2016 in the International Journal of Obesity. In the study, the researchers pulled data from 40,420 people in the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed the link between BMI and key health markers including blood pressure, glucose, insulin resistance, and cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. The results revealed that there was no strong connection between BMI and overall health. Researchers found that nearly half of overweight men and women and 29 percent of obese people were otherwise totally healthy. On the flip side, more than 30 percent of those with normal BMIs were actually unhealthy according to those markers. “There are tens of millions of people who are overweight and obese and are perfectly healthy,” study author A. Janet Tomiyama, Ph.D., associate professor of psychology at UCLA, told Runner’s World. “Right now, we have this laser focus on weight and a flawed measure like BMI, when we should be talking about health.” That’s really important for active people like runners, for whom the BMI problem is two-fold. Not only are some of us likely caught in that high BMI bracket though otherwise healthy due to muscle mass, but also BMI—which is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of the person’s height in meters—was really never meant to be applied to an active or athletic population. (Here’s how you can reach your healthy running weight, BMI be damned.) As athletes, we tend to have a higher proportion of muscle tissue, which by nature is denser than fat tissue. That means we sometimes see big numbers on the scale even if we have relatively low body fat. BMI also says nothing about how your fat is distributed. Two people may have identical BMI measurements (“healthy” or otherwise), but where one might store most of their fat as deep abdominal, visceral fat—which is known to be a high health risk—the other might store it as relatively innocuous subcutaneous fat (the kind you pinch under your skin). If you’re concerned about your BMI or your healthcare provider raises a red flag over yours, Tomiyama, who directs UCLA’s Dieting, Stress, and Health Lab, suggests gathering more data for a fuller picture of your weight, health, and fitness. A body composition test performed with a DEXA scan, skinfold caliper test, or bio-impedance scan (like a Tanita scale) can give you a better idea of your actual body composition, so you know how much of you is lean, muscle tissue relative to fat. Some gyms and health clubs even offer these services. Also, see your doc and round up your general health metrics. “In our study, we used a very stringent and comprehensive definition of health that included blood pressure, triglycerides, ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cholesterol, blood sugar, and inflammation,” said Tomiyama, noting that these are common tests that any healthcare provider can do and are far better indications of how healthy you are than BMI alone.

What NIN album grew on you the most? For me, it has to be Hesitation Marks. Not sure if it has surpassed With Teeth as my third favorite NIN record, but it is right there. Compared to the rest of the discography, it has its own sound to it. Much of the music to me sounds tense and atmospheric, but isn't necessarily aggressive in sound. I've even come around on tracks like Everything and Satellite that I initially wasn't high on. Anyway, what album has grown on you the most?

Equipped with a switchable 80 Hz high-pass filter and 10 dB pad, the AT2035 handles high sound pressure levels with ease. So whether you are using a portable or battery powered preamp then this microphone won’t miss a beat. The 2050 runs on phantom power, in the same 11-52V range as the 2035. The AT2035 features a low-cut filter, 10dB pad and cardioid pickup pattern. Most modern audio interfaces have it though, so you’ll probably be fine, just be sure to check before you hit add to cart. 0.96″ compared to 0.63″. This mic also comes with an identical vinyl pouch, a shockmount and a thread adaptor. In general, phantom voltages are used to power […] Inexpensive means cheap. A case would be nice, but the microphone does ship in a custom-formed polystyrene box which keeps it pretty safe. Most modern audio interfaces have it though, so you’ll probably be fine, just be sure to check before you hit add to cart. But there will be a few of you out there with plans to use either mic for multiple purposes. The Audio-Technica mic offers a professional clarity that is unsurpassed in budget-friendly mics, thanks to its wide frequency response with an upper-mid frequency boost. Nice looking brushed aluminum case that is light yet well made. So, if you’re planning on using either microphone for several purposes, it might be helpful to rank your desires uses by most important to least important, to help you understand your primary purchase motivation. First is the -10dB pad which drops the microphones output level significantly. Learn more. The Audio-Technica AT2035 Condenser Microphone features a large diaphragm capsule that provides smooth, natural sound and low noise. Clearly, you’ve done the hard yards already, and you’ve arrived at the final showdown: AT2035 vs. SM7B. This is perfect for loud sound sources like screaming streamers and loud guitar amps. It requires 11V to 52V DC phantom power, which may be provided by a mixer or console, or by a separate, in-line source such as the Audio-Technica AT8801 single-channel or CP8506 four-channel phantom power … This side-address cardioid studio condenser mic delivers exceptional detail and low noise. One of the best low-cost condenser mics you can get, the AT2035 kills it on vocals, podcast production, and instrument recordings. Frequency-agile True Diversity UHF Wireless Systems. EN. Hello all! So i got my hands on the Neewer 48v Phantom Power Supply. I needed to power one of my condenser microphones for my remote recording sessions. The diaphragm size of the 2035 is a bit larger than the 2020. Phantom Power: Because the AT2035 is a condenser microphone, it requires phantom power, which can range from 11 to 52 V DC. So you jump on the web, and, there are a lot of options…. Has anyone used the CEntrance MicPort Pro or the new M-Audio Fast Track USB (Includes Pro Tools Essential Software, Virtual Instruments, FX & Loops)? Designed for critical home/project/professional studio applications and live performance, this side-address cardioid studio condenser delivers exceptional detail and low noise. Save Big with Microphone Bundles Our hand-picked microphone bundles help you save on essential accessories like microphone cables and pop filters. Not the best, but decent, unless you’re planning on hitting the road with it. The shock mount is made from plastic, but it’s pretty damn sturdy and does a fantastic job of isolating the condenser microphone from acoustic noise and from bangs and knocks. If you are new to condenser mics you need to know a couple of things. Also, the AT2035 requires 11-52V of phantom power, whereas the AT2020 requires 48V. Output Connector: Integral 3-pin XLRM-type. You’ll need phantom power to use the microphone. View the Audio-Technica AT2035 manual for free or ask your question to other Audio-Technica AT2035 owners. Sound pressure levels are slightly different. Accessing our website tells us you agree to our use of cookies. Then out of the power supply via xlr into the computer via the 1/8 jack. This means if you’re using the mic with reflective surfaces behind it, like your desk or your computer screen, it might pick up high-frequency reflections and impact the quality of your recording. Audio-Technica AT2020USB+ Cardioid Condenser USB Microphone, Black, With Built-In Headphone Jack & Volume Control The Shure SM7B has been king of the hill for a while now, featuring on countless records and podcasts. The AT2035 is intended for use in any number of professional applications including vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, pianos, drums and more. If not, you must be recording something weird and unique like ambient sounds in the savannas of Africa. AT2035 Cardioid Condenser Microphone Shock mount for 0.63"-27 threaded stands (AT8458), 0.63"-27 to 0.38"-16 threaded adapter and soft protective pouch Specifications Phantom Power Requirements: 11-52V DC, 3.8 mA typical. Unfortunately, you might need to sign up to Uber and take someone on a trip to Mordor to fund the purchase; these guys aren’t cheap. AT2035 needs 48volt phantom power, SM58 not. The mic ships with a custom shockmount and a durable padded pouch. It requires +48V phantom power. A quick note too: being a condenser microphone, the Audio-Technica AT2035 does require phantom power to operate, which means it won’t work with an XLR to USB cable. It’s got a decent weight behind it, and like all mics in Audio-Technica’s 20-series, it’s solidly built with an all-metal construction and metal grille. This is ideal for voice production where you are only wanting to pick up sound directly from your mouth, and it helps reduce room reflections. “Phantom powering” is a method of providing power to microphones by applying a voltage to the same wires that carry the audio signals. The Shure SM7B is probably the most popular microphone for live streaming on this … The second switch is incredibly helpful for vocal performances, a mid-range presence boost. The sound palette of the mic overall is super natural (no, not supernatural), and unlike the AT2035, the SM7B has no issues maintaining it’s cardioid polar pattern right throughout its frequency response, so you’ll have a better shot at reducing background noise. It’s also incredible on loud sound sources, like kick drums or blaring guitar amps, thanks to the high SPL handling capabilities of the microphone. So, in making a final decision it’s crucial that you understand your exact intent and purpose for the purchase. We earn a commission if you click this link and make a purchase at no additional cost to you. Fixed-charge back plate, permanently polarized condenser, AT8458 shock mount for 5/8"-27 threaded stands; 5/8"-27 to 3/8"-16 threaded adapter; soft protective pouch, Large diaphragm for smooth, natural sound and low noise, High SPL handling and wide dynamic range provide unmatched versatility, Custom shock mount provides superior isolation, Switchable 80 Hz high-pass filter and 10 dB pad, Cardioid polar pattern reduces pickup of sounds from the sides and rear, improving isolation of desired sound source, Includes custom shock mount & protective pouch. The AT2035 is intended for use in professional applications where remote power is available. This is an essential requirement when looked at from the point of practicality. I bought a AT2035 to do some streaming/VO stuff and I have been having some problems with it. The AT2035 requires phantom power to work, and can be connected to an audio interface or preamp via its XLR cord. Podcasting and YouTubers love this Shure mic for its exceptional ability to control room noise and focus in on the voice. It comes equipped with a protective pouch and a custom shock mount. AT2035 has … If not, you may need to look at an external preamp, or a device like the Cloudlifter CL-1. They require +48v Includes a custom shock mount and protective pouch. The Audio-Technica AT2035 is an inexpensive condenser mic with a cardioid polar pattern. Just like the AT2020, The AT2035 is a cardioid condenser microphone, which means that it is going to need phantom power in order to work properly. Shure SM7B. The Moukey Phantom Power Supply did the trick! With its smooth, natural sound, the AT2035 is ideal for musicians, streamers, podcasters, and other content creators. (the microphone might just slip off). Condenser mics are a type of microphone that is highly sensitive, and it’s all about how the mic is constructed. Engaging this boost switch gives the microphone a smooth bump right from 700Hz all the way up to 12kHz, increasing vocal clarity and giving you the best shot at cutting through in the mix. Like the AT2035, this model includes a shock mount and requires 11-52V DC phantom power. While we are talking about design differences, we must also mention that this microphone comes with a shock mount. Aside from the mic itself and the two foam pop filters, not much else ships in the box with the SM7B. Weighing in at 1.69lbs, the SM7B is no cheap piece of plastic, no sir. With a frequency range that goes from 20HZ to 20kHZ, you should expect to be able to record a wide spectrum of sound with the AT2035. Being a condenser mic, the sensitivity drops off slowly as you move further away from the mic, which is great for giving a consistent vocal level if you’re the kind of person who can’t sit still. To be fair, there’s no need for much else. Anthony Kiedis anyone? Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc or its affiliates. One weakness of this microphone is that the cardioid polar pattern begins to turn into an omni one (picking up sound from all directions), at around 8kHz, which is in the upper-mid frequency range. This large-diaphragm studio condenser with a switchable 80 Hz high-pass filter and 10 dB pad handles high sound pressure levels with ease. The Audio Technica AT2035 is a large diaphragm cardioid condenser microphone designed for critical home, project, professional studio applications, and live performance. Hi guys, I'm interested on these particular microphones. When holding it in my hand it doesn’t feel like a cheap product at all, quite the opposite actually. These 2 are the most ideal microphone I can get in my Country, others are OVERPRICED, so I'm down with these 2 mics. Phantom power can be generated from mixing consoles, mic preamplifiers, or in-line phantom power supplies. While both microphones are fantastic for many purposes, each of them has their pros and cons and each is best in specific situations. There is a special piece of equipment called a USB Audio Interface that actually powers the microphone. More on this in a bit… Just like all the Audio-Technica microphones, the AT2020 is extremely well built. It is made with an all-metal chassis, including the metal grill around the diaphragm. Phantom Power + USB Charger + Microphone Cable for price of a cable! That’s quite a mouthful, let’s break it down a little. Audio-Technica released the AT2035 alongside the AT2050, which features multiple pickup patterns. In addition, we have the high pass filter, which filters out some of the low frequencies, handy for reducing low-frequency rumble that can easily make a recording sound muddy, or for curtailing proximity effect. Microphone Basics is supported by readers. The AT2035 is equipped with a switchable 80 Hz high-pass filter and 10 dB pad, and comes with a custom shock mount. Being a dynamic mic, it doesn’t require phantom power, though the preamps in some budget-friendly interfaces don’t quite have enough gain to capture an appropriate recording level from this mic, so do some research and make sure your preamps have at least 60dB of gain on tap. The microphone requires 1 1V to 52V phantom pow er for operation. A microphone with a cardioid polar pattern (like this one), is highly sensitive to sound coming in from the front, and rejects it from the rear. You’re recording podcasts and want the best of the best, You’re going to have the microphone on-camera, You need to record super loud sound sources such as a kick drum, You need to block out sounds coming from the back of the microphone, You have some decent acoustic treatment in your room, You need to capture incredible high-end (e.g. Other than that, both the AT2035 and the AT3035 are the same. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. This mic is constructed out of high-quality steel and aluminium, so yeah, it’s built to last. Dimensions: 170mm long, 52mm maximum body diameter. you’re recording cymbals), You want to record acoustic guitars or stringed instruments in addition to stellar vocals, Condenser mic with cardioid polar pattern, Wide frequency response with upper-mid frequency boost, Best microphone out there for podcasting and voiceovers, A high-gain preamp is necessary to power this microphone. And that’s why the SM7B is used by podcasters like Joe Rogan, yep, Joe fricking Rogan, as well as some of the biggest voices in rock music. Before you dive deep, this quick summary may be all you need. God, I hope you knew that. However you can change your cookie settings at any time. Well, we’re here to put the two microphones in the ring, watch them fight it out and see who comes out on top. The performance of this side-address mic makes it an excellent choice for both studio and live applications. When we say phantom power we’re not talking about ghosts or goblins but it is a necessity with this microphone. If you’re still struggling to make a decision, we’d go with the Shure SM7B. The electronics inside have been upgraded to reduce said noise. Now, here’s another point where both these mics differ; The AT2020 requires 48v of phantom power while the AT2035 requires 11-52v. We just can't get enough of it. Mount: The included mic shock mount comes threaded for 5/8"-27 stands, and includes a thread adaptor for 3/8"-16 stands. I know sm58 is a dynamic and the other is a condenser mic. Let’s take a look at why this mic is so damn popular. It is best known as a convenient power source for condenser microphones, though many active direct boxes also use it. microphonebasics.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. You’ll need an audio interface in order to be able to connect your microphone to your PC, as the mic will connect to the interface via XLR and the interface to your PC via USB. The AT2035 is a XLR microphone, meaning you cant just ‘plug-n-play’ into your computer or laptop. Unless you need to record say an acoustic guitar or a piano (in which case a condenser is best), then it’s going to absolutely kill it for whatever your intended purpose. Along with its rugged construction and high-performance specifications, the AT2035 provides an exceptional level of consistency from model to model. It also has a couple of switches on the rear, one being a bass-cut switch which filters as the low-end frequency response. So you’ve decided it’s time to level up your voice recordings. This is an XLR microphone and it requires phantom power to run. All of Sound Devices microphone inputs supply phantom power. You don’t need a shock mount, given its a dynamic microphone and already has an internal shock-mount system and sweet broadcaster-style swivel mount. The SM7B actually offers a super clear and accurate top end, though it does drop off significantly after 12kHz. The mic offers incredibly low noise, and it has a couple of extra features on the back for further sculpting of its sound. Creative Sound Blaster K3+ USB Powered 2 Channel Digital Mixer AMP/DAC/, Digital Effects XLR Inputs with Phantom Power/TRS/Z Line Inputs 4.1 out of 5 stars 198. 11+v – 52+v will cover you for most phantom power supplies. No microphone can be the best of the best for every purpose, that’s just not how a mic works. The AT2035 appears to have an extra 1 – 2 dB of gain in this area in comparison to the 2035 though. When you buy with our links, we may earn a commission. As you’ll find out, they both do a great job at many things, but you’ll also learn they have their pros and cons. Hopefully, by now, you’ve come to a decision as to which microphone is the best for your purpose. Both mics put forward a pretty good case and are well deserving of your hard-earned dollar, and both Audio-Technica and Shure are big names in pro-audio that you know you can trust. Whether you’re starting a podcast, improving the quality of your vocal tracks, or simply spitting out voice-overs and need a higher quality recording, you need a decent mic to record with. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Technicals On The Audio Technica AT2035. We’re absolutely crazy about this guy, which is why it took the title of Best Microphone, you can’t argue with that…. First impressions of this microphone are brilliant. The sound card I was using on my laptop did supply phantom power. This boost helps to give some extra presence and clarity to vocal recordings, though it may be a little overkill on some voices, especially in the top end, around 10kHz. Switches: Flat, roll-off; 10 dB pad (nominal) Weight: 403g. Both mics were inspired by the budget AT2020. Phantom power, in the context of professional audio equipment, is DC electric power transmitted through microphone cables to operate microphones that contain active electronic circuitry. A quick note too: being a condenser microphone, the Audio-Technica AT2035 does require phantom power to operate, which means it won’t work with an XLR to USB cable. The AT2035 is said to have less noise/hiss. Need advice on the best phantom power interface for my AT2035.Budget is $150, but want to get the best value I can. This mic feels like it will go the distance, and it’s backed by a 1-year manufacturers warranty. This means that it has a … In addition to the microphone itself, Audio-Technica ships the AT2035 with a luxurious padded carry bag, a mic stand thread adaptor, and a quality shock mount. The Shure SM7B is the best choice for you if: The Audio-Technica AT2035 is best for you if: You need to get real clear on one thing: what is your main purpose of buying this mic? In terms of the recording pattern, the AT2035 is a cardioid microphone. This will further remove rumble from your recording just like the HPF. A mic’s polar pattern refers to the sensitivity of the microphone with regard to direction. Buy Audio-Technica AT2035 Cardioid Condenser Microphone, Perfect for Studio, Podcasting & Streaming, XLR Output, ... Phantom Power Requirements 48V DC, 2 mA typical 48V DC, 2 mA typical 48V DC, 2 mA typical N/a 11-52V DC, 3.8 mA typical 11-52V DC, 4.7 mA typical Switches N/a N/a S$154.73. The shock mount. Is it better to go with a USB or non USB interface? The Shure microphone is a dynamic style mic, which compared to condensers are much less sensitive, and typically offer a little less high end. Treble response peaks at around 13 kHz with a 3-4 dB gain. Its a budget power supply usually expected to power Neewers budget lineup of microphones. That’s okay. Maybe the cheapest thing the OP can do is spend $49.00 on the Blue Icicle XLR to USB Mic Converter/Mic Preamp. Compared to their counterpart, the dynamic mic, the condenser has a wide frequency response with incredible high end, and they are typically more sensitive to sounds from further away.’. ... Power Power supply type DC. It doesn’t ship with a pop filter either (most high-quality mics don’t), and these are essential for controlling plosives on voice recordings, so you may want to look at an external pop filter. If there was ever a ‘one ring to rule them all microphone’ it would be the Shure SM7B, without a doubt. With videos and blog posts supporting pretty much every mic on your option list, it can be tough to know which to choose. Shure SM58 is $144 and AT2035 is $150. The AT2020 is a cardioid condenser microphone, which means that it is going to need phantom power in order to work properly. The 7B has an integral boom mount that you can swivel and angle while the microphone is mounted, which makes it perfect for podcasting and voiceover duties, where you might be moving around a little and need to bring the mic with you. Phantom power on the AT2035 is more versatile than the AT2020. Most entry-level audio interfaces have phantom power built in, so you’ll just need a solid 3-pin XLR cable to make the connection.. This would provide the needed phantom power as well as allow the mic to be used via the usb port. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Of switches on the web, and it has a couple of things side-address mic makes an! Interface that actually powers the microphone nominal ) Weight: 403g means that it has a couple of features! Your voice recordings of microphone that is light yet well made just not how mic. Of switches on the rear, one being a bass-cut switch which filters as low-end... 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Response peaks at around 13 kHz with a cardioid condenser microphone, meaning you just! Take a look at why this mic is constructed allow the mic offers incredibly low noise that it has couple!

Mother’s car, 2001 Plymouth Neon. AC will cool the air. Blower blows fine. But when she wants heat, it just acts like the vent. It is very possible that the heater core is blocked with rusty debris. When was the last time that the cooling system was flushed? When was the last time that the coolant was replaced? With engine running and heat ON, carefully feel both heater hoses (the 1" hoses going to and from the firewall). If one is hot and the other just warm, the coolant isn’t getting through the heater core. Im quite a novice. Firewall=the metal partition separating the engine compartment from the passenger cabin. Locate the two 1" diameter hoses running from the engine to the firewall (probably closer to the passenger side of the vehicle than the driver’s side), and do what insightful suggested in order to determine if–as we both suspect–there is a blockage in the heater core. Is the coolant level correct? Is the engine getting up to proper operating temperature . . . is the needle getting to the 1/2 - 2/3 mark, for example . . . ? You might be right, just a vent door problem like you speculate. But try to address the questions posed above, that will get you to the solution faster probably. As @db4690 has recommended, the coolant (anti-freeze solution) level in the coolant reservoir and the radiator (if it has its own cap) needs to be checked when the car is COLD For Safety Reasons (burns from hot liquid). If this car is low on coolant (a possible cause of “no heat”) then engine damage could occur, if it hasn’t already. Also, be aware that the temperature gauge/light may not work properly to warn of overheating if the coolant is too low. And believe it or not, the engine can be over-heating when in fact there is no heat available for passenger comfort. Do Not run this car until you check! Check it/get it checked and come on back and let us know what you find. I believe that vintage Neon had frequent headgasket problems. That is a myth, any (water cooled) car engine can develop a head gasket failure if driven without coolant. This engine has a multi-layered steel head gasket that is just as durable as others.

The Power of Gamma Gamma affects how a computer generates images. Colors viewed on a computer with "uncorrected" gamma will appear different from those viewed with a corrected gamma. Compare the differences in the images below. (Note: 16-bit color and fully corrected gamma is required for the most accurate viewing of these images.) How do you define gamma? Gamma is one of the most difficult computer terms to define. Even experienced computer technicians have a difficult time understanding what it is. We will attempt to simplify it. 1. Gamma is a measurement - like gigabytes or calories. 2. Gamma is also a mathematical formula. It reflects a relationship between input and output. 3. Gamma describes a critical relationship between electricity and what happens on your monitor. 4. Finally, gamma is a mathematical formula which describes the relationship between the voltage input and the brightness of the image on your monitor screen. Or, think of it this way: When expressing a color in RGB (red, green, blue), what we are specifying is the amount of light which will be emitted from each phosphor, as a fraction of full power. What we are actually specifying is however the voltage which will be applied to each electron gun. 5. Gamma can also be described as the measurement of contrast that affects the midtones of an image. 6. A gamma measurement can apply to several elements within your computer system: - the cathode ray tube (CRT) in your monitor See Computer Color Tips for information about CRT's and input voltage - the hardware look up table (LUT) - the overall output (This final gamma measurement may represent a corrected or uncorrected gamma figure.) The gamma measurement we are really concerned about is the overall output. This gamma may need to be sufficiently corrected for the best display of images. By sufficiently correcting gamma, we achieve desirable images on our monitors and television screens. 7. Generally, gamma measurements will range from 1.0 to 3.0. Different systems will have different gamma measurements. An effective gamma rating will deliver true colors and a good range of light, middle, and dark tones. Some computers come equipped with sufficient gamma correction. For example, the Macintosh operating system contains a built-in graphic card that automatically corrects the gamma. Other systems may require more gamma correction to achieve effective viewing conditions for images. Some PCs and Unix may require correction. The color theories that the pros use - E-Book Colors viewed at an uncorrected gamma will appear different from those viewed at a corrected gamma. (Refer back to the images at the top. ) The image below also simulates some of the differences in gamma. Lightness and darkness differences The left side, viewed with corrected gamma should look like a bright sunny day at the beach. It shouldn't look darker than a truly sunny day. The one on the right has been lightened to make it readable to systems with "uncorrected" gamma. Gamma also affects the range of greys and tones of any given color. If you're viewing a satellite weather photo and need to evaluate the subtle changes in lightness and darkness of the cloud patterns, uncorrected gamma will not deliver the range of mid-tones that are necessary for accuracy. Note: this effect is not evident in the beach scene. Links to more articles about computer color are on the menu at the top of left side of this page. If you're tired of reading about color technology, find out which colors affect your appetite and may help you lose weight. See Color & Appetite Matters at this web site.

Alexis E. Block is currently a doctoral fellow in the Center for Learning Systems, a joint program between the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems and ETH Zurich. She is supervised by Katherine Kuchenbecker (MPI), Otmar Hilliges (ETH), and Roger Gassert (ETH). She earned her B.S.E. in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics (with honors) and her M.S.E. in Robotics from the University of Pennsylvania in 2016 and 2017, respectively. She was honored with the Penn Alumni Association Student Award of Merit at graduation in 2016. Her research blends physical human-​robot interaction, social robotics, and haptics. Her work with HuggieBot, the novel human-sized robot with visual and haptic perception she designed to hug people, has garnered significant media attention. Press included articles by The New York Times, IEEE Spectrum, The Times, TechXplore, SWR, PM Magazin, Entrepreneur.com, NBC News, and more! HuggieBot was mentioned on NPR's “Wait Wait Don’t Tell Me” radio program and featured in Seth Meyers' opening monologue on “Late Night with Seth Meyers.” Alexis has also done several radio interviews and podcasts about her work.

The skin protects the body from many things we encounter during our daily life. The skin can be injured, or wounded, to varying degrees of severity. Some of the types of wounds that can damage the skin include cuts, infection, burns, extreme temperatures, diabetic wounds, and pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are caused when pressure on the skin reduces blood flow to the area, which causes the skin to die. This process often causes the area to form a blister, and then an open sore. Pressure ulcers most commonly affect people who are not mobile for long periods of time, like those in wheelchairs or the elderly, and are usually found in areas that are in constant contact with a bed or chair, like the buttocks, back, and heel.1 Since there are so many cellular activities happening during the wound healing process, it is important to make sure you’re getting good nutrition to support those cells. Wound healing is hard work for the body, and increases its demand for calories, protein, and certain nutrients like vitamins A and C, and sometimes the mineral zinc.2 Increasing your intake of these important nutrients can be as simple as adding an oral nutritional supplement to your diet, but make an appointment with a dietitian if you have a poor appetite or your wound is not healing well. 1http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007071.htm . Accessed April 2015. 2European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Treatment of pressure ulcers: Quick Reference Guide. Washington DC: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; 2009.

Zhang Kechun’s journey along the Yellow River in China was similar to that of the eminent Chinese sociologist and writer, Cao Jinqing. Cao published his influential documentation of life along the river in China Yellow River: Reflections on Rural Society (2000). Zhang shows the integration of the rural community into the market economy that Cao describes. He photographs the river with awe and respect but also with compassion towards the inhabitants who carve out livings amongst the wreckage and abandoned structures. The pattern of flooding and droughts along the river causes its path to change, rendering urban structures unusable, leaving them to be claimed by nature. The people in Zhang’s photographs are not only dwarfed by the scale of the landscape but also endangered by the speed at which it is altered by environmental and industrial change. Writing about the changing way of life in rural China since the breakup of the communes in the early 1980s, Cao documents the tense relationship between the people, the local government and the ruling Communist Party. He notes that households now buy consumer goods that were previously outlawed under Maoist rule. Zhang photographed the ultimate icon of modern China – Chairman Mao Zedong – floating on a raft surrounded by swimmers in the river in Henan Province. Whereas the West remembers Mao as a despot not dissimilar to Stalin and Hitler, he is respected as the ‘Founding Father of Modern China’ by many Chinese, and credited with bringing unity and stability to a country previously devastated by civil and international conflict. In Zhang’s photograph nostalgia for the pre-industrial countryside is interwoven with the idolisation of Mao.

Thank you very much for inviting me to speak to you today. It is a great pleasure to be here for this event, which has enabled me to experience a new aspect of the United States and most importantly, has given me the opportunity to meet with management accountants from all across your country. Over 50 percent of the members of IFAC's 159 member bodies are employed in business. A personal priority of mine over the past eighteen months has been to meet with as many professional accountants in business as possible, for two primary reasons. First, I have wanted better to understand your interests, your challenges and your needs so that we at IFAC can be more responsive to you. At the same time, I also wanted to make you aware of the IFAC initiatives that are focused specifically on and for you.

While most causes of cleft lip and cleft palate are unknown, certain factors may heighten your baby's risk. It is not fully understood if a combination of risk factors need to be present before a cleft lip develops, or if only a single risk factor needs to be present. Also known as orofacial clefts, these birth defects are common, and the incidence is higher in males. It is essential that orofacial clefts be treated as soon as possible because they can cause feeding problems, choking risks, and self-esteem issues as the child gets older. Here are some common and rare risk factors for orofacial cleft problems. Some of the most common causes of orofacial clefts include family history. If one or both of the parents or grandparents had an orofacial cleft, then the baby may be at a greater risk. Certain maternal diseases can also raise the risk for cleft lip. For example, if you have diabetes that was diagnosed prior to your pregnancy, your baby is more likely to develop cleft disorders than babies whose mothers do not have diabetes. While diabetes is a risk factor, gestational diabetes, which is diabetes that develops during pregnancy and then goes away after the baby is born, is not thought to raise the risk as much. Also, mothers who have seizure disorders and take antiseizure medications during the first trimester of pregnancy may be more likely to give birth to a child with an orofacial cleft. Nutritional deficiencies, especially folic acid deficiencies, may also raise the risk of giving birth to a newborn with orofacial clefts. Because of this, your doctor may recommend that you take prenatal vitamins. Not only do prenatal vitamins help reduce the risk of cleft palate and lip, but they also help reduce the risk of other birth defects such as spina bifida. Orofacial clefts may also be linked to certain congenital or genetic syndromes. Many genetic syndromes can be diagnosed during pregnancy, however, the presence of a genetic mutation or syndrome does not automatically mean that your baby will be born with an orofacial cleft. A rare disease known as Pierre Robin sequence causes jaw and tongue deformities, as well as orofacial clefts. Genetic mutations are thought to cause this disease, which can also lead to breathing problems and choking. If your child is born with a cleft lip, follow the pediatrician's treatment recommendations. When orofacial defects are treated as soon as possible, your child may be less likely to experience problems such as hearing loss, frequent ear infections, eating difficulties, and speech impairments.

Kuchwara was The Associated Press' drama critic for a quarter-century, and the June 4 service was heavily attended by theatre publicists and the critical fraternity. Gypsy was his favorite show — he was, in fact, listening to its music on his iPod when he died of complications from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis May 22 at Manhattan's Beth Israel Hospital — so it was entirely apt that the Jule Styne-Stephen Sondheim score was played for the congregation coming and going. For a postlude, as the crowd filed out of the church, the recording of Ethel Merman's supersonic "Everything's Coming Up Roses" bounced off the arches of the great cathedral. Four days later, at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, services were held for actor Larry French, a concert artist and vocal coach who had performed as recently as the 2010 BC/EFA Easter Bonnet Competition. He died May 28 of a massive heart attack. Rebecca Luker, a friend for 25 years, began the service with a song which she introduced in 1991's The Secret Garden, "How Could I Ever Know?" And, following the closing prayer and benediction, she and George Dvorsky performed Tommy's farewell to Fiona from Brigadoon, "From This Day On." The 1980 Brigadoon revival was French's first Broadway credit. His widow, lyric soprano Jeanne Lehman, invited the audience — mostly, actors — to join in a concluding chorus of the title tune. Sheet music had been slipped into the program. Sometimes, show tunes can be used just as effectively after the funeral. At the 2006 memorial service for producer Cy Feuer (whose many hits were capped by the original Guys and Dolls), a tiny, rag-tagged "mission band" had been hired so that the mourners filing out of the Lunt-Fontanne would be ushered back to reality and the hot-bricks of 46th Street with the wailing strains of "Follow the Fold." — Harry Haun

Piper Alpha oil Rig Disaster By: Eric Thongrivong & James Lomax We obtain oil from drills and wells in the ground. Oil is used for many different things including: transportation fuels, fuel oils for heating and electricity generation, asphalt and road oil, and the feedstocks used to make chemicals, plastics, and synthetic materials found in nearly everything we use today. There are advantages and disadvantages of oil. Two advantages are high energy density and easy to produce and refine. Two disadvantages are greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of water and Earth. A disaster including oil was the Piper Alpha Oil Rig Disaster. It was a North Sea oil production platform that began in 1976. There was an explosion on July 6 1988 that killed many people and the total damage cost was about 1.8 million dollars.

When one first joins Facebook, their ‘friends’ consist of family and actual friends, and from there, depending on how a person chooses to use the site, they move out in concentric circles ‘friending’ more distant contacts, old school mates, former work colleagues, current and past associates and basically anyone else they cross paths with. British Anthropologist Robin Dunbar has proposed that humans can really only comfortably maintain 150 stable relationships; yet the average number of ‘friends’ a person has on Facebook is 388. Plenty of people, myself included, have more than that, which certainly doesn’t mean we are any more likeable or friendly than any other person; it probably just means we use the social media site as more of a networking tool. While I have personally found that the more connections maintained on Facebook the more valuable it becomes, it has also meant that my time tended to become more consumed by the lives of every single person I had ever known. However, if Facebook is somewhat of a distraction on a desktop computer, that certainly increases when accessed via a smartphone. At any moment, waiting for a train, watching TV or walking down the street, I can read people’s comments, see recently uploaded photos and share my own articles and observations. And whether one likes to admit it or not, the instant gratification of being connected to other people and seeing their likes, comments and thoughts is highly addictive. As human beings we are naturally social animals; we desire to know more about others and for others to know more about us. Facebook feeds that desire. There is literally no end to the amount of time one can spend on Facebook. You can scroll and scroll and scroll but there will always be another post and another photo about someone you know. A recent British survey indicated that 72% of adults were spending their last waking moments in bed updating or checking their friends’ statuses which was often reducing their actual sleep time below what was needed in a healthy individual. And each morning I know my news feed will be brimming over with exactly the information I am interested in based on the various pages I have connected with, so the most appropriate thing to do every morning is of course to check Facebook. If I want news, it’s there, if I want a morning prayer, it’s there, if I want a traffic update, it’s there. Why read traditional news media when I can tap into my chosen mix of information intertwined with the ‘news’ of the people I know? Facebook is a one-stop-shop. I have a number of friends who each year ‘give up’ Facebook as part of their Lenten penances, but I have never opted to do that because I saw staying on Facebook as a positive way to communicate, stay connected and build relationships. Of course I am aware that a phone call or face-to-face meeting is far more enriching than a pixelated connection. However there is no way that I could reach out in person to the number of people that I could via Facebook, short of quitting my job and becoming a full time socialite. Staying in touch via social media is certainly not the best or only way to communicate, but if over one billion people are on Facebook it seems to me certainly a place to be present. “Give-up Facebook for Lent”? Absolutely, FB is a fad…that happens to have become a national imperative. Like emai? For many, yes. For me, nope. My specialty, which is really odd since I have brain damage and am thought to be “of lesser mentality”? (it’s 6:30 AM and my alarm-radio just spondee, playing an ad. “You, my friend, have no selfie-control” – timely, I’d say) IT’S ALL ABOUT CONTROL. I’m a Roman Catholic. (it’s even Sunday) We practice this thing called “Serenity.” I can not control society’s irrational obsession with FB. I can-aand-do control my own capacities. Good day.

Nearly 1,000 acres of land owned by a single entity, right on the shores of Lake Erie, sounds like an incredible redevelopment opportunity. Commercial, residential, mixed-use – a whole new community of activity could be envisioned. Now consider that this land is within the former Black Swamp regions of Lake Erie and exists as fertile farmland only due to the miles of dikes separating it from the powerful forces of the lake itself. A different picture of what it could or should be as a redeveloped landscape emerges. Enter Metroparks Toledo, driven by their desire to provide a park within five miles of every resident in Lucas County, Ohio and their focus on natural systems preservation and restoration. An initial vision for restoring valuable coastal wetlands within the Lake Erie basin began a nearly three-year design effort with a SmithGroup-led team and two years of construction, culminating in Howard Marsh Metropark. Located approximately 15 miles from downtown Toledo, the park boasts numerable recreational amenities – seven miles of greenways, seven miles of blueways, boat and kayak launches, portages, fishing and hunting – all interwoven within diverse, ecological habitats. Garnering public input and support was a key priority from the outset, to ensure that the transformation of farmland to wetland provided public benefit for all from a variety of viewpoints. Important groundwork was laid by explaining the historical significance of lost coastal wetlands, and the value that restoration could provide from a water quality perspective. If every acre of restored coastal wetland could remove 13 pounds of phosphorous from runoff annually, restoring over 750 acres of coastal wetlands could have a significant future impact on reducing harmful algal blooms in the Western Lake Erie basin. The addition of ecologically diverse habitat within a critical migratory bird corridor provided further incentive to support this coastal wetland restoration. The tremendous environmental benefits the project could bring by enhancing resiliency and environmental diversity of flora and fauna within the Great Lakes Basin won the support of numerous funders and governmental agencies. In conjunction with funding from the Metroparks Land Levy, additional support came from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (through Great Lakes Restoration Initiative funding), the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife, and the Clean Ohio Fund. All of these funders are seeing clear proof of the value of their ecological investment. A recent story in The Toledo Blade highlights how “the Great Lakes region’s largest coastal wetland restoration project has equaled or surpassed expectations in nearly all biological metrics.” Fourteen months following construction, 226 species of birds — roughly half of known species in Ohio — have already been spotted at Howard Marsh, drawing 5,300 eco-tourists to the park during this spring’s Biggest Week in American Birding. Integral to achieving the project’s restoration goals was the thoughtful integration of recreational opportunities within these restored wetlands. Howard Marsh offers the public the opportunity to experience and interact with a variety of habitats and wildlife, highlighting the critical role our communities can play by preserving our coastal environments for the benefit of humans and nature. The park's reception of the National Recreation and Park Association's 2019 Innovation in Conservation Award is a testament to this successful blend of restoration and recreation. Howard Marsh may very well be a one-of-a-kind restoration project considering its size and location within the region, but its successful design process and approach for integrating recreation within restored habitats is scalable across geographical regions, locales (urban to rural) and size (single to multiple acres). This integration is the key to advancing a new kind of mixed-use restoration for Lake Erie and other environmentally challenged waterways. Read more about how this project was made possible in Emily McKinnon’s article for Parks & Rec Business.

This is a brief description of some of the most commonly used features of gdb. -gflag. So, if your program is in a source file called memsim.cand you want to put the executable in the file memsim, then you would compile with the following command: gcc -g -o memsim memsim.c gdbat the unix prompt. Gdb will give you a prompt that looks like this: (gdb). From that prompt you can run your program, look at variables, etc., using the commands listed below (and others not listed). Or, you can start gdb and give it the name of the program executable you want to debug by saying To exit the program quit at the (gdb) prompt (actually q is good enough). helpwill give you a list of topics. Then you can type help topicto get information about that topic (or it will give you more specific terms that you can ask for help about). Or you can just type help commandand get information about any other command. file executablespecifies which program you want to debug. runwill start the program running under gdb. (The program that starts will be the one that you have previously selected with the filecommand, or on the unix command line when you started gdb. You can give command line arguments to your program on the gdb command line the same way you would on the unix command line, except that you are saying runinstead of the program name: You can even do input/output redirection:run 2048 24 4 run > outfile.txt. break function sets the breakpoint at the function. If your code is in multiple files, you might need to specify break linenumber or filename:linenumber sets the breakpoint to the given line number in the source file. Execution will stop before that line has been executed. deletewill delete all breakpoints that you have set. delete number will delete breakpoint numbered number. You can find out what number each breakpoint is by doing info breakpoints. (The command info can also be used to find out a lot of other stuff. help info for more information.) clear functionwill delete the breakpoint set at that function. Similarly for continuewill set the program running again, after you have stopped it at a breakpoint. stepwill go ahead and execute the current source line, and then stop execution again before the next source line. nextwill continue until the next source line in the current function (actually, the current innermost stack frame, to be precise). This is similar to step, except that if the line about to be executed is a function call, then that function call will be completely executed before execution stops again, whereas with stepexecution will stop at the first line of the function that is called. next, except that if you are at the end of a loop, untilwill continue execution until the loop is exited, whereas nextwill just take you back up to the beginning of the loop. This is convenient if you want to see what happens after the loop, but don't want to step through every iteration. list linenumberwill print out some lines from the source code around linenumber. If you give it the argument functionit will print out lines from the beginning of that function. Just listwithout any arguments will print out the lines just after the lines that you printed out with the previous print expressionwill print out the value of the expression, which could be just a variable name. To print out the first 25 (for example) values in an array called

Courtesy of Jeremy Philemonoff John's half-sister Jaylene worked for months getting 6,000 signatures from across the globe on the petition that brought him home, according to her father. A 2-year-old allegedly killed by his foster parents has been laid to rest on St. Paul Island. The child, Joshua John Rukovishnikoff, was buried on top of his mother’s grave during a memorial service Saturday. “When you're born, the doctor usually puts the baby on the chest of the mother,” he said. “And that's kind of what we were doing. It's just kind of a beautiful ending to such a tragic death.” Several community members gathered for the closed-casket memorial service at the St. Peter and Paul Russian Orthodox Church. There was a wake after the burial. John has family in Anchorage and on the island. His half-sister, 17-year-old Jaylene Philemonoff, said she planned for him to be returned to St. Paul to be buried. But John’s paternal aunt had power of attorney. That side of the family had pushed for him to be buried in Anchorage, where he died. “At the end of the day, he's with my mom now,” Jaylene said. “I guess that's all that really matters.” Jaylene worked for months getting 6,000 signatures from across the globe on the petition that brought John home, according to her father. “I still don't really know how I feel about it all because I did all this work and he’s still not here,” she said. “He’s still gone. So I’m very numb, but I know I did the right thing.” Regional ST. PAUL ISLANDALEUT COMMUNITY OF ST. PAUL ISLANDALASKA STATE TROOPERSPRIBILOF ISLANDS After tribal court ruling, toddler killed in St. Paul could be buried next to his mother in May A St. Paul toddler who authorities say was killed by his foster parents will be buried beside his mother on the remote Pribilof island. That’s following a ruling by a tribal court last week over a dispute between families about where the 2-year-old boy’s final resting place should be. Family of toddler killed in St. Paul at odds over where to bury him Family of a St. Paul Island toddler who authorities say died at the hands of his foster parents last month are at odds over where the boy should be buried. The 2-year-old boy’s parents are not directly involved in the decision; his father is currently facing charges of murdering his mother. The back-to-back murder charges are the first in the remote Pribilof Island community in 15 years. Ravn Alaska and Food Bank of Alaska partner to bring monthly food donations to St. Paul Elders Ravn Alaska has partnered with the Food Bank of Alaska to help provide meals to Elders on St. Paul Island.Andronik Hanson is the food bank coordinator for the Aleut Community of St. Paul Island — the local tribal government. He said shipping costs for food can get expensive on an island in the middle of the Bering Sea.“The big thing they’re doing is donating freight to get the boxes,” Hanson said.

In December 2015, conservation experts gathered in Helsinki, Finland, for the 2015 IUCN Regional Conservation Forum for Europe, North & Central Asia. Together, they have shaped the future of conservation in Europe by identifying the actions and forging the synergies needed for change to happen. Every four years, the IUCN Regional Conservation Forum for Europe, North & Central Asia (RCF) is held as a unique platform for IUCN Members to exchange, influence and network at regional level by identifying the actions and forging the synergies needed for change to happen. It is a key event for the IUCN constituency (Members, Commissions, National Committees and the Secretariat) to prepare for the World Conservation Congress 2016, and to ensure that regional matters are adequately taken into account in the preparations for the Congress. The RCF gathered participants from Europe, North and Central Asia. This includes delegates from IUCN Member organisations in the region (390 organisations at the moment), including State Members, government agencies and NGO representatives, experts and scientist from IUCN Commissions, IUCN staff, representatives from the private sector, partner organisations, donors and foundations, and Host City representatives. The 2015 Regional Conservation Forum was organized jointly by IUCN’s European Regional Office (EURO), the Regional Office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECARO), the IUCN Finnish National Committee, and the Host Country (Finland) as a focused meeting fulfilling IUCN statutory requirements and addressing important conservation issues.

I’ll be honest with you, I’ve got a copy of LeBon’s The Crowd that I keep meaning to read. Of course I’ve internalized what we all now think he was saying—protestors are crazy!—because social movement scholars have spent the last thirty years insisting that protestors are rational actors behaving in politically salient ways. But I’ve got this nagging curiosity that I keep meaning to do something about: Maybe LeBon was writing about a fundamentally different time. Maybe protests and protestors were different. That’s not what this post is about, because I’ve ­not pulled LeBon back down from the shelf. Anyway, it was with this general line of curiosity that an article from the Times of India struck me broadside: Protestors against a proposed nuclear power station were made to undergo psychological counseling. What’s this now? Seriously? The People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy has been protesting for some time, but as best I can tell from a quick perusal of the web, this is the first time there’s been an attempt to brainwash them. Maybe it’s not brainwashing, maybe it’s less sinister. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has demanded an explanation from the Indian government. No other details seems to be publically available at this point. Also noteworthy: this psychological intervention follows on the heels of a government investigation of the possibility that PMANE’s work is supported by “foreign funds.” The investigation led to the detainment and deportation of a German national. There’s no need to belabor the analysis here. India is truly a social movement society. I’ve never been to India when there wasn’t a bandt or strike or sit in or walkout or protest that effected trains, taxis, rickshaws, airplanes, government workers, women carrying water, men breaking stones, and a thousand other activities and sectors. So a protest against a new reactor is nothing new. But at a time when western security forces are developing more and more refined responses to large-scale protests, it seems that the Indian government is moving LeBon-ward. Diagnosing the protestor as patient and administering the cure. Which brings us back to The Crowd. I wonder if LeBon got some things right about the world he lived in. Maybe, like the Fantastic Mr. Fox tells Rat, “certainly she lived, we all did. But it was a different time; let’s not use a double standard.” But then when I see the Indian government treating protest like a disorder I settle back into the conventional wisdom: LeBon was crazy. I guess I really should read his book.

The library is open for student check out all day. Students in grades K - 1 may check out one book at a time. Students in grades 2 - 5 may check out three books at a time. Students must bring their agenda with them to check out a book. If a student needs a replacement agenda the cost is $5. Students are responsible for their books. If a book is lost or damaged the student/ student's guardian must pay a replacement fee.

The tough icy shell of Saturn's largest moon Titan is apparently far stronger than previously thought, researchers say. These surprising new findings add to hints Titan possesses an extraordinarily bizarre interior, scientists added. Past research suggested Titan has an ocean hidden under its outer icy shell 30 to 120 miles (50 to 200 kilometers) thick. Investigators aim to explore this underground ocean in the hopes of finding alienlife on Titan, since virtually wherever there is water on Earth, there is life. To learn more about Titan's icy shell, planetary scientist Doug Hemingway at the University of California, Santa Cruz, analyzed the Cassini probe's scans of Titan's gravity field. The strength of the gravitational pull any point on a surface exerts depends on the amount of mass underneath it. The stronger the pull, the more the mass. The researchers then compared these gravity results with the structure of Titan's surface. They expected that regions of high elevation would have the strongest gravitational pull, since one might suppose they had extra matter underneath them. Conversely, they expected regions of low elevation would have the weakest gravitational pull. What the investigators discovered shocked them. The regions of high elevation on Titan had the weakest gravitational pull. To explain these gravity anomalies, Hemingway said to imagine mountains on Titan having roots. "It's like how most of an iceberg actually lies submerged underwater," he said. "If that root is really big, bigger than normal, it would displace water underneath it." Ice has a lower density than water — a chunk of ice weighs less than a similar volume of water. These high-elevation areas on Titan apparently have roots large enough to displace a lot of water under them, meaning they exert a weaker gravitational pull. It remains uncertain what makes Titan's shell this rigid. The ice might possess cagelike molecules known as clathrates that could make it stiffer. Also, "if the ocean underneath the shell is colder than before thought, that could make the ice shell thicker and thus more rigid," Hemingway said. This rigidity could mean Titan's shell is less geologically active than once thought. "If at least the top 40 kilometers (25 miles) is very stiff and cold and dead, if you want something likecryovolcanoes that erupt water instead of lava on Titan's surface, you have to be more creative about how that might happen," Hemingway said. Their model also suggests Titan's shell has seen an extensive amount of erosion, with features carved more than 650 feet (200 meters) deep on it surface. "We now need different groups of people to figure out how so much material could get broken up and transported long distances across Titan's surface," Hemingway said.

The probability for an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or greater in the central U.S. is fairly significant in the near future, with a 25-40% chance of occurring in any 50 year time period. A quake with a magnitude equal to that of the 1811- 1812 quakes could result in great loss of life and property damage in the billions of dollars. Since it is impossible to predict when an earthquake will occur, it is important that you and your family are prepared ahead of time. The actual movement of the ground in an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most casualties result from falling objects and debris which is a result of the earthquake shaking. The duration and amount of shaking associated with an earthquake as well as the age and construction type of a structure greatly determines the amount of damage that may result. Older structures built with little or no seismic design will be the first structures to be tested by an earthquake. Earthquakes can also cause secondary effects such as fires, liquefaction and landslides. EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION SAVES LIVES Protect Yourself During an Earthquake...Drop, Cover, and Hold On! Official Rescue Teams from the U.S. and other countries who have searched for trapped people in collapsed structures around the world, as well as emergency managers, researchers, and school safety advocates, all agree that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" is the appropriate action to reduce injury and death during earthquakes. Methods like standing in a doorway, running outside, and "triangle of life" method are considered dangerous and are not recommended (see below). WHAT TO DO IMMEDIATELY WHEN SHAKING BEGINS: Your past experience in earthquakes may give you a false sense of safety; you didn't do anything, or you ran outside, yet you survived with no injuries. Or perhaps you got under your desk and others thought you overreacted. However, you likely have never experienced the kind of strong earthquake shaking that is possible in much large earthquakes: sudden and intense back and forth motions of several feet per second will cause the floor or the ground to jerk sideways out from under you, and every unsecured object around you could topple, fall, or become airborne, potentially causing serious injury. This is why you must learn to immediately protect yourself after the first jolt... don't wait to see if the earthquake shaking will be strong! In MOST situations, you will reduce your chance of injury if you: - DROP down onto your hands and knees (before the earthquake knocks you down). This position protects you from falling but allows you to still move if necessary. - COVER your head and neck (and your entire body if possible) under a sturdy table or desk. If there is no shelter nearby, only then should you get down near an interior wall (or next to low-lying furniture that won't fall on you), and cover your head and neck with your arms and hands. - HOLD ON to your shelter (or to your head and neck) until the shaking stops. Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around. Wherever you are, protect yourself! You may be in situation where you cannot find shelter beneath furniture (or low against a wall, with your arms covering your head and neck). It is important to think about what you will do to protect yourself wherever you are. HOW PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES CAN PROTECT THEMSELVES: For those who cannot “drop” due to mobility limitations, or for those who have other special situations, Advice for people with disabilities or access and functional needs (432 KB PDF), a document from CalEMA, explains what to do when you physically cannot "Drop, Cover, and Hold On." Three Steps to prepare yourself and your family for an earthquake Step 1: Get A Kit Get an Emergency Supply Kit, which includes items like non-perishable food, water, a battery-powered or hand-crank radio, extra flashlights and batteries. You may want to prepare a portable kit and keep it in your car. This kit should include: - Copies of prescription medications and medical supplies; - Bedding and clothing, including sleeping bags and pillows; - Bottled water, a battery-operated radio and extra batteries, a first aid kit, a flashlight; - Copies of important documents: driver’s license, Social Security card, proof of residence, insurance policies, wills, deeds, birth and marriage certificates, tax records, etc. Step 2: Make A Plan Prepare Your Family - Make a Family Emergency Plan. Your family may not be together when disaster strikes, so it is important to know how you will contact one another, how you will get back together and what you will do in case of an emergency. - Plan places where your family will meet, both within and outside of your immediate neighborhood. - It may be easier to make a long-distance phone call than to call across town, so an out-of-town contact may be in a better position to communicate among separated family members. - You may also want to inquire about emergency plans at places where your family spends time: work, daycare and school. If no plans exist, consider volunteering to help create one. - Be sure to consider the specific needs of your family members - Notify caregivers and babysitters about your plan. - Make plans for your pets - Take a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) class from your local Citizen Corps chapter. Step 3: Be Informed Prepare Your Home Prepare Your Business - Fasten shelves securely to walls. - Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves. - Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass, and china in low, closed cabinets with latches. - Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds, couches, and anywhere people sit. - Brace overhead light fixtures. - Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks. - Secure a water heater by strapping it to the wall studs and bolting it to the floor. - Repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects. - Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves. - Identify Safe Places indoors and outdoors like under sturdy furniture or against an inside wall away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors, pictures or where heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall over. - Find out how to keep food safe during and after and emergency by visiting: http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/emergency/index.html

AGATHE: An Agent- and Ontology-Based System for Gathering Information about Restricted Web Domains Due to Web size and diversity of information, relevant information gathering on the Web turns out to be a highly complex task. The main problem with most information retrieval approaches is neglecting pages’ context, given their inner deficiency: search engines are based on keyword indexing which cannot capture context. Considering restricted domains, taking into account contexts may lead to more relevant and accurate information gathering. In the last years, we have conducted research with this hypothesis, and proposed an agent- and ontology-based restricted-domain cooperative information gathering approach accordingly, that permit the development of specific information gathering systems. In this article, we present this novel approach based on these guiding ideas, and a generic software architecture, named AGATHE, which is a full-fledged scalable multi-agent system.

Paragraph (c)(2). This provision mandates the producer and custodian of records to identifiably segregate from the public case records, all administrative documents containing confidential information to avoid inadvertent disclosures. After confidential documents have been removed or information has been redacted from a record, a description of the excised data shall be placed therein, unless the description itself constitutes a violation of confidentiality. Paragraph (d)(1)(A). Following passage of the Stop Juvenile Crime Initiative (Proposition 102) in November 1996, the legislature made substantial revisions to juvenile delinquency proceedings that included opening juvenile court records to the public. See ARS § 8-208, amended effective July 21, 1997. Paragraph (d)(2)(A). The intent of this subsection is to eliminate uncertainty among users regarding who has the primary responsibility to identify and segregate the criminal history record information (CHRI) under section (9) of Arizona Supreme Court Administrative Order No. 94-16 (Victims' Rights Implementation Procedures), or other mandates. The probation department or other units that initially obtain or produce the CHRI have the primary responsibility to identify and segregate the CHRI from the open portions of the records. The clerk's office has continuing responsibility to maintain the confidentiality of the CHRI that has been marked confidential by the primary user. Paragraph (e)(2). This section does not apply to the records of applicants for judicial appointments or membership on appellate and trial court commissions. Disclosure of information relating to applicants for judicial and commission appointments are subject to the Uniform Rules of Procedure for Commissions on Appellate and Trial Court Appointments. Paragraph (e)(6). This section does not require that draft reports or pre-decisional documents on court operations be maintained or preserved as a public record except as required by applicable records retention policies. Paragraph (e)(7). This section is intended to assure the confidentiality of the record of materials borrowed by any patron; however, the patron's name and address are public records. Paragraph (e)(11). This section acknowledges the court's authority under federal copyright law, to control the copying or re-publication of public records that may be copyrighted by the court. Materials that may be copyrighted include all original writings (except judicial opinions), drawings, audio and video recordings, computer programs and applications, or other original publications, produced by a court employee within the scope of employment. Paragraph (f)(4)(A). Public access to the records of court proceedings is an essential element of a democratic system. Court personnel have a duty to assist the public in obtaining information on their judicial system. That duty is no less a part of court operations than are the other primary duties of the judiciary. This paragraph (f)(4)(A) is intended to deal with situations in which a request jeopardizes the operations of the court, and not to justify refusal of public record requests because compliance will require effort on the part of court personnel. The public is entitled to inspect and obtain copies of court records that are maintained on computer systems or in other non-paper medium as provided in this rule. Because of convenience and cost efficiency, the court is committed to maximizing the availability of records to the public through electronic systems. The production or reproduction of records in a non-standard form or format is encouraged as a service to the public. However, producing or reproducing any record in a form or format not used in the court's ordinary business operations is at the discretion of the custodian. This section incorporates the common law exemption for newspapers from the fees charged applicants who seek records for commercial purposes. In Star Publishing v. Parks, 178 Ariz, 604, 875 P.2d 837 (1993), the Court of Appeals, Div. II, determined that newspapers were not engaged in “the direct economic exploitation of public records,” and therefore were not subject to the commercial use fees charged by the state under ARS § 39-121.03. For the same reason, those that are regularly engaged in gathering, reporting, writing, editing, publishing or broadcasting news to the public are not considered commercial users of court records. This provision is intended to allow individuals to seek correction of data entry errors appearing in case management system data likely to be displayed online or disseminated in bulk or compiled fashion. The process for correcting errors appearing in judgments, orders, and other parts of the record is governed by current rules, including Rule 60, Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 24.4, Rules of Criminal Procedure, and Rule 85, Rules of Family Law Procedure. Courts and clerks of court should prominently note on their document access website that it may not display all documents in a case and that additional or subsequent documents or orders may be available from the court or clerk of court. The June 6, 2005 amendment of this rule by Order No. R-03-0012, which was to become effective December 1, 2005, was vacated by Order dated September 27, 2005.

Earth prepares for close encounter with asteroid Earth is about to have a close encounter with an asteroid, the nearest an object of its size has ever come to our planet. The fly-by is expected to occur at around 1924 UTC on Feb. 15, according to scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The US space agency says there’s no chance the asteroid will collide with Earth. “This is a record-setting close approach,” says Don Yeomans of NASA’s Near Earth Object Program at JPL. “Since regular sky surveys began in the 1990s, we’ve never seen an object this big get so close to Earth.” Scientists expect the asteroid to pass us at a distance of about 27,700 km from the surface of the Earth. That’s close enough for it to pass inside the ring of a number of geosynchronous weather and communications satellites currently orbiting the Earth at about 36,000 km from Earth’s surface above the equator. However, the asteroid should fly well above most of the satellites and spacecraft circling the planet, including the International Space Station (ISS). To get an idea of just how close the 2012 DA14 asteroid will get to us, consider that it will come nearer to us than the moon, about 1/13th of the distance to the Moon, which is 384,400 km from Earth. It’s expected to whiz by our planet quite fast, at a speed of about 7.8 kilometers per second in a south-to-north direction. This will be the closest an asteroid has come to Earth in at least 30 years and will give researchers a unique opportunity to study it. The 2012 DA14 is quite small, weighing about 130,000 metric tons and measuring about 45 meters across, less than the width of a soccer field. Astronomers believe it is made of stone, rather than metal or ice. The asteroid was discovered by astronomers at the OAM Observatory in La Sagra, Spain less than a year ago, on Feb. 23, 2012, which is why “2012″ is part of its name. A few other asteroids have flown even closer to Earth, but they were much smaller than the one expected to zoom by this month. Scientists say objects of this size fly this close to the Earth about once every 40 years; an actual collision with Earth happens about every 1,200 years. The 2012 DA14 asteroid is so tiny, it’s expected to look like a small point of light, even to those using the biggest optical telescopes. Difficult to see with the naked eye, it will be easily visible with a good set of binoculars or a small telescope. Astronomers say the best place to see the asteroid will be in Indonesia, but people in Eastern Europe, Asia and Australia should also be able to get a glimpse. The public can watch the event through live feeds from telescopes in La Sagra and Tenerife, Spain. NASA astronomers at the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex (GDSCC) in California’s Mojave Desert will use radar imaging to determine the orbit of the asteroid, allowing them to better predict future encounters. The imaging data will also be used to create a 3D map showing the asteroid from all sides and should reveal more about the asteroid’s physical characteristics, such as its size and spin. (Photo: Richard Styles/sxc.hu)

The Constitution and the Language of the Law 94 Pages Posted: 8 Mar 2017 Last revised: 14 Jun 2018 Date Written: 2017 There has been a long-standing debate over whether the Constitution is written in ordinary or legal language. Yet no article has offered a framework for determining the nature of the Constitution’s language, let alone systematically canvassed the evidence. This article fills the gap. First, it shows that a distinctive legal language exists. This language in the Constitution includes terms, like Letters of Marque and Reprisal, that are patently technical, and terms, like good behavior, that are latently so in that they have both an ordinary and legal meaning but are better interpreted according to the latter. It also includes legal interpretive rules such as those that tell readers when to understand a term in its legal sense or its ordinary meaning sense. The article shows how to determine whether a document is written in the language of the law. The most important factor is the language of the document itself. The pervasive presence of technical legal terms provides strong evidence that a document is written in the language of the law, because ordinary language cannot easily account for even a small number of legal terms. The purpose of the document also counts. Insofar as it is written to inform officials of their duties, it is more likely to written in legal language, because that language allows more precision. The language of similar documents provides additional evidence. Since other constitutions at the time were written in the language of the law, that militates in favor of reading the Constitution in that same language. The article supplies strong evidence that the Constitution is written in the language of the law. The article is the first to count the legal terms in the Constitution and approximates them at a hundred. Moreover, the Constitution’s text both blocks the operation of certain legal interpretive rules and calls for the application of other such rules. Finally, the judges and legislators charged with implementing the Constitution in the early Republic frequently deployed legal interpretive rules to resolve contested issues. The Constitution’s legal language has important theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically, it shows that that original methods originalism is the correct form of originalism, because the Constitution’s legal interpretive rules are crucial to cashing out its meaning. Practically, the richness of its idiom provides resources to address otherwise unresolvable interpretive questions. Keywords: Constitutional law, originalism, language of law, originalism, interpretation JEL Classification: K00, K10, K19, K40 Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Scent Legends is the story of private collections of the world's finest vintage scents being curated and re-released. Our journey begins with artisanal oud oils from the world's leading vendors, but it will continue beyond to encompass other genres of scent. For now, we have assembled a variety of artisanal oud oils that are the culmination of decades of searching, investigating and discovery by several dedicated collectors. You may notice that the oud oil descriptions on the site are generally written from a personal perspective. This is a natural outcome as these oils have played an integral role in my life and oud journey since 2007. If you are a collector and missed out on the earlier period of ouds, now is your chance to add these rare oils to your collection. They won't be on sale forever so seize your chance while it is still here. Entering the world of oud has traditionally been reserved for those with deep pockets and naturally the highest grades have been the reserve of well-to-do businessmen and the ruling elite in the Gulf and the nouveau-rich Chinese. The advent of the Internet and e-commerce has introduced this precious oil to the general public in a way that was never possible previously. However, in offering this niche oil to everyone, a vendor has to sometimes square a circle, because this is a passion that can become financially burdensome for most people. Therefore it is no surprise that there is a lot of confusion and sometimes tension that is associated with pricing and the claims of vendors. This is a natural result of the demand for a resource that is intrinsically expensive and with prices rising to astronomical levels for the higher grades, frustration amongst lovers of oud is bound to manifest. Artisanal oud oils also have a powerful hold over newcomers that is undeniable, but hard to explain and while many private collectors have spent upwards of five- and even six-figure dollar sums to satisfy their curiosity and learn about this amazing scent, the experience this buys is out of the reach of most people. As a customer and a lover of oud oil, I wanted to be able to share these treasures with others and let them experience the same joy and wondrous amazement that I did when immersed in oud. Scent Legends aims to cater for those people who want to learn or who may be curious about the different scent profiles across oud oils from different regions and across sub-species. We hope to bring you a window of access into this world of rarified scents at a cost that is within reach for most.