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This Smartboard Notebook presentation Lesson Plan contains a 24 slides on the following topics of Environmental Awareness: Balance of Nature, Pollution, Pollution Example, Technology and the Environment, Pollution Classification, Air Pollution, The Carbon Cycle, Sources of Emissions of Air Pollutants, CO2 Content of Earths Atmosphere is Increasing, The Greenhouse Effect, Acid Rain, Water Pollution Sources, Ground Pollution Sources, Energy Pollution, Human Population Growth, Human Population Density, Renewable Resources, Nonrenewable Resources, The Future My presentations have been made to be both informative on curricular topics and visually stimulating for all students. 100% of my students prefer to receive and discuss new topics via Notebook/PowerPoint (compared to reading textbooks, lectures, or copying information off of the board). I have found that this method works extremely well with both mainstreamed and inclusion students. When I taught in a traditional HS, I provided a notebook with all the slides for students who needed to take a second look at a slide or were absent for the day. A free product preview of this entire Smartboard Notebook presentation is available. An Outline and other resources on this topic can be purchased separately. Environmental Awareness PowerPoint Presentation Environmental Awareness PP Notebook for Smartboard Environmental Awareness Notes Outline Lesson Plan Environmental Awareness Unit Vocabulary Lesson Plan Global Climate Change PowerPoint Presentation Global Climate Change Notes Outline Lesson Plan Environmental Awareness Homework Environmental Awareness Test Prep © Lisa Michalek The Lesson Guide

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2013-05-25T12:51:46Z

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About the Museum Inspired by the mineral wealth of the gold rush, the State of California began documenting the state’s mining history and mineral resources over a century ago. This fascinating collection, which started in San Francisco, is now exhibited at the Mining and Mineral Museum in Mariposa, an historic gold country town. Like many historic sites that are located along Highway 49, it has a rich and colorful history. The museum became a California State Park in 1999. The Mining and Mineral Museum contains thousands of unusual gems and mineral specimens, old mining artifacts, and a replica of a hard rock mining tunnel for visitors to explore. But not all the rocks are down-to-earth. The museum also exhibits rocks from space, commonly known as meteorites. One of the favorite displays is the Fricot Nugget, a rare crystalline gold specimen that weighs more than 13 lbs. The central vault area also features the Museum’s finest specimens including the official state gem, Benitoite, a very rare sapphire-blue gemstone first found in California. The West Wing showcases an antique model of a stamp mill representing an important part of California’s mining heritage. The stamp mill captured small amounts of gold from the ore extracted by miners. Another look into the past is an exhibit of a miniature mining town crafted from petrified wood. Today the golden state continues to prosper from its unique geographical landscape and rich resources. Discover how much mineral wealth still exists in our everyday lives.

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http://www.southernyosemitemuseums.org/csmmm/index.php

2013-05-23T05:46:26Z

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1794 Wilkinson Map of Upper Saxony, Germany Description: A finely detailed first edition 1794 map of Upper Saxony, in what is now Mitteldeutschland, by Robert Wilkinson. In 1180 Duke Henry the Lion fell, and the medieval Duchy of Saxony dissolved. The Saxe-Wittenberg lands were passed among dynasties who took the tribal name Sachsen (Saxons) upstream as they conquered the lands of the Polabian Slavs further up the elbe. The Polabian Slavs had migrated to this area of Germany in the second half of the first millennium A.D., and had been largely assimilated by the Holy Roman empire by the time this map was made. Today, the German government recognizes some 60,000 'Sorbs,' or descendants of the Polabian Slavs, who have retained their language and culture. The map covers from the Baltic Sea in the north to Bohemia to the south, and from Lower Saxony in the west to Silesia, Poland to the east. engraved by Thomas Conder for the 1794 first edition of Robert Wilkinsonís General Atlas. Date: 1794 (dated) Source: Wilkinson, R., A General Atlas being A Collection of Maps of the World and Quarters the Principal Empires, Kingdoms, and C. with their several Provinces, and other Subdivisions Correctly Delineated., (London) 1794 First Edition. Cartographer: Robert Wilkinson (fl. c. 1768 - 1825) was a London based map and atlas publisher active in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Most of Wilkinson's maps were derived from the earlier work of John Bowles, one of the preeminent English map publishers of the 18th century. Wilkinson's acquired the Bowles map plate library following the cartographer's death in 1779. Wilkinson updated and tooled the Bowles plates over several years until, in 1794, he issued his fully original atlas, The General Atlas of the World. This popular atlas was profitably reissued in numerous editions until about 1825 when Wilkinson died. In the course of his nearly 45 years in the map trade, Wilkinson issued also published numerous independently issued large format wall, case, and folding maps. Wilkinson's core cartographic corpus includes Bowen and Kitchin's Large English Atlas (1785), Speer's West Indies (1796), Atlas Classica (1797), and the General Atlas of the World (1794, 1802, and 1809), as well as independent issue maps of New Holland (1820), and North America ( 1823). Wilkinson's offices were based at no. 58 Cornhill, London form 1792 to 1816, following which he relocated to 125 Frenchurch Street, also in London, where he remained until 1823. Following his 1825 death, Wilkinson's business and map plates were acquired by William Darton, an innovative map publisher who reissued the General Atlas with his own imprint well into the 19th century. Click here for a list of rare maps by Robert Wilkinson. Cartographer: Thomas Conder (1747 - June 1831) was an English map engraver and bookseller active in London during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. From his shop at 30 Bucklersbury, London, Conder produced a large corpus of maps and charts, usually in conjunction with other publishers of his day, including Wilkinson, Moore, Kitchin, and Walpole. Unfortunately few biographical facts regarding Conder's life have survived. Thomas Conder was succeeded by his son Josiah Conder who, despite being severely blinded by smallpox, followed in his father's footsteps as a bookseller and author of some renown. Click here for a list of rare maps by Thomas Conder. Size: Printed area measures 10 x 8.5 inches (25.4 x 21.59 centimeters) Condition: Very good. Minor marginal soiling. Original platemark visible. Blank on verso. Code: UpperSaxony-wilkinson-1794 (to order by phone call: 646-320-8650)

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2013-05-26T03:29:20Z

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Oldest-known Tyrannosaur Reported By American Museum Of Natural History Paleontologist An American Museum of Natural History scientist and his colleagues have described the oldest-known tyrannosaur, a new presumably predatory dinosaur that sported a strange combination of features, including a large, fragile crest on its head that would have made the animal attractive to mates but vulnerable in a fight. The team has named the new dinosaur Guanlong wucaii, with the generic name derived from the Mandarin word for "crowned dragon" and the specific name referring to the rich colors of the rocks in the Junggar Basin in northwestern China where the specimens were found. The nine-foot-long specimen (and another skeleton of the same animal also described in the new research paper) is from the Late Jurassic Period and is about 160 million years old. Most tyrannosaur specimens, except a few fragments, date only to the later period in geologic timethe Cretaceous. None of the previously discovered tyrannosaurs are as old as G. wucaii, including a 130-million-year-old, relatively primitive, feathered tyrannosaur, Dilong paradoxus, reported by Museum scientists and colleagues in 2004. G. wucaii now displaces D. paradoxus as the most primitive tyrannosaur found to date. The wide variety of features found in G. wucaii as well as in coelurosaurs, a larger, related group of bird-like theropod dinosaurs to which it belongs, suggests that traits in these animals were modified dramatically as theropod dinosaurs changed over time. The G. wucaii specimen that will be used as the baseline for scientists studying it in the future was a 12-year-old adult when it died. It possibly was trampled by the second specimen, a 6-year-old juvenile, described in the new research. The crest on G. wucaii's head was filled with air sacs and is comparable to the exaggerated ornamental features found on some living birds such as cassowaries and hornbills. The crest was about one and a half millimeters thick, about as thick as a tortilla, and it measured about two and a half inches high. The new finding is described in the journal Nature by Mark A. Norell, Curator in the Division of Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History; Xing Xu, Chengkai Jia, and Qi Zhao of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing; James M. Clark of George Washington University; Catherine A. Forster of Stony Brook University; Gregory M. Erickson of Florida State University; and David A. Eberth of the Royal Tyrrell Museum (Drumheller, Alberta, Canada). Dr. Xu is also a research fellow at the American Museum of Natural History, and Drs. Clark, Forster, and Erickson are also research associates at the Museum. "The discovery of this basal tyrannosaur is giving us a much broader picture of the diversity in this group and its ancestors, and is suggesting new interpretations for ornamental structures in these animals and others," Dr. Norell said. Guanlong wucaii fossil The skeleton of G. wucaii resembles those of more derived, or advanced, tyrannosaurs, except that the new dinosaur had three fingers (one more than is found in advanced tyrannosaurs) and is much smaller than the advanced tyrannosaurs that followed, including, of course, Tyrannosaurus rex. The front teeth and other skull and pelvic features of G. wucaii suggest that it was an intermediate animal in the evolutionary route between primitive coelurosaurs and tyrannosaurs. A mathematical analysis of the relationships among these dinosaur groups and their close relations confirms that G. wucaii is the most primitive tyrannosaur known, or is the first branch on the tyrannosaur family tree. "Guanlong shows us how the small coelurosaurian ancestors of tyrannosaurs took the first step that led to the giant T. rex almost 100 million years later," Dr. Clark said. The crest on G. wucaii is comparable to the exaggerated ornamentation of a peacock's tail or the large horns on Irish elks. Among modern animals from beetles to bison, horns are almost always used to attract mates, compete with rivals, or allow animals of the same species to recognize each other. The crest on G. wucaii is too thin to have provided much protection. So the crest on G. wucaii likely was used for display or mate recognition, not defense. "On one hand, Guanlong looks like just what paleontologists have been expecting for a primitive tyrannosaur," said Dr. Xu. "On the other hand, no one expected that a tyrannosaur would bear a crest like this, large and delicate. Even after so many great discoveries, we have to say there is still a lot we don't know about dinosaurs. They are really a diverse group of animals." The work on G. wucaii was funded by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Geographic Society, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Science Foundation of the USA, and the American Museum of Natural History. Media Inquiries: Department of Communications, 212-769-5800

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2013-05-23T11:40:34Z

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Toads on the Japanese island of Ishima seem to be losing their evolutionary battle with snakes. Most snakes, and indeed most other animals, avoid eating toads because of the toxins in their skin. Rhabdophis tigrinus snakes, however, not only tolerate the toxins, they store the chemicals for their own defensive arsenal. Deborah Hutchinson at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, US, and colleagues, found that snakes on Ishima had bufadienolide compounds - toad toxins - in their neck glands, while those snakes living on the toad-free island of Kinkazan had none. The snakes are unable to synthesise their own toxins, so they can only have derived bufadienolide compounds from their diet. Hutchinson's team confirmed this by feeding snake hatchlings either a toad-rich or a toad-free diet. Toad-fed snakes accumulated toad-toxins in the nuchal glands on the back of the neck; snakes on a toad-free diet did not. "Rhabdophis tigrinus is the first species known to use these dietary toxins for its own defence," says Hutchinson. Fight or flight What is more, when attacked, snakes on different islands react differently. On Ishima, snakes stand their ground and rely on the toxins in their nuchal glands to repel the predator. On Kinkazan, the snakes flee. "Snakes on Kinkazan have evolved to use their nuchal glands in defence less often than other populations of snakes, presumably due to their lack of defensive compounds," says Hutchinson. Moreover, baby snakes benefit too. The team showed that snake mothers with high toxin levels pass on the compounds to their offspring. Snake hatchlings thus also enjoy the toad-derived protection. Journal reference: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (DOI: 10.1073/pnas0610785104) If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to. Have your say Only subscribers may leave comments on this article. Please log in. Only personal subscribers may leave comments on this article

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2013-05-20T22:26:52Z

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We begin this course by focusing first on the end, the outcome you hope to achieve as a parent. ❖ JOURNAL: 1. Your child as an adult Imagine your children growing older and older until they are adults, no longer living at home. Let’s say a friend of your adult child approaches him or her and asks, “As you think back to your childhood, what did your mother and father stand for? What difference did they make in your life because they were your mother and your father? What did you learn from this person?” Your adult child pauses for a moment to think before responding. Now imagine how he would respond to that friend. Imagine the conversation. Write down what you hope he would say. Next: Core purpose

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2013-05-22T08:01:06Z

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by Anne Trafton, MIT News Office Cambridge MA (SPX) Jan 14, 2013 MIT engineers have created a new polymer film that can generate electricity by drawing on a ubiquitous source: water vapor. The new material changes its shape after absorbing tiny amounts of evaporated water, allowing it to repeatedly curl up and down. Harnessing this continuous motion could drive robotic limbs or generate enough electricity to power micro- and nanoelectronic devices, such as environmental sensors. "With a sensor powered by a battery, you have to replace it periodically. If you have this device, you can harvest energy from the environment so you don't have to replace it very often," says Mingming Ma, a postdoc at MIT's David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and lead author of a paper describing the new material in the Jan. 11 issue of Science. "We are very excited about this new material, and we expect as we achieve higher efficiency in converting mechanical energy into electricity, this material will find even broader applications," says Robert Langer, the David H. Koch Institute Professor at MIT and senior author of the paper. Those potential applications include large-scale, water-vapor-powered generators, or smaller generators to power wearable electronics. Other authors of the Science paper are Koch Institute postdoc Liang Guo and Daniel Anderson, the Samuel A. Goldblith Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering and a member of the Koch Institute and MIT's Institute for Medical Engineering and Science. Previous efforts to make water-responsive films have used only polypyrrole, which shows a much weaker response on its own. "By incorporating the two different kinds of polymers, you can generate a much bigger displacement, as well as a stronger force," Guo says. The film harvests energy found in the water gradient between dry and water-rich environments. When the 20-micrometer-thick film lies on a surface that contains even a small amount of moisture, the bottom layer absorbs evaporated water, forcing the film to curl away from the surface. Once the bottom of the film is exposed to air, it quickly releases the moisture, somersaults forward, and starts to curl up again. As this cycle is repeated, the continuous motion converts the chemical energy of the water gradient into mechanical energy. Such films could act as either actuators (a type of motor) or generators. As an actuator, the material can be surprisingly powerful: The researchers demonstrated that a 25-milligram film can lift a load of glass slides 380 times its own weight, or transport a load of silver wires 10 times its own weight, by working as a potent water-powered "mini tractor." Using only water as an energy source, this film could replace the electricity-powered actuators now used to control small robotic limbs. "It doesn't need a lot of water," Ma says. "A very small amount of moisture would be enough." If used to generate electricity on a larger scale, the film could harvest energy from the environment - for example, while placed above a lake or river. Or, it could be attached to clothing, where the mere evaporation of sweat could fuel devices such as physiological monitoring sensors. "You could be running or exercising and generating power," Guo says. On a smaller scale, the film could power microelectricalmechanical systems (MEMS), including environmental sensors, or even smaller devices, such as nanoelectronics. The researchers are now working to improve the efficiency of the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, which could allow smaller films to power larger devices. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Powering The World in the 21st Century at Energy-Daily.com |The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2012 - Space Media Network. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement,agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement|

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2013-05-21T10:14:31Z

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St. John Bosco On January 31, the Catholic Church celebrates the feast of Saint John Bosco, also known as Saint Don Bosco, founder of the Salesian Society. Early Life of St. Don Bosco John Bosco was born to humble beginnings, as Giovanni Melchior Bosco, to poor parents in a little cabin at Becchi, a hill-side hamlet near Piedmont, Italy in 1815. He was barely over two years old when his father died, leaving him and his brothers in the care of his mother, Margaret. The early years of John’s life were spent as a shepherd, but from an early age he craved studying and had a true desire to live the religious life. He’d received his first instruction at the hands of the parish priest and displayed a quick wit and retentive memory. Though he often had to turn away from his books to work in the field, John did not ignore his vocation. Ministry of St. John Bosco Finally, in 1835, John was able to enter the seminary at Chieri, and after six years was ordained on the eve of Trinity Sunday. From here, he went to Turin and began his priestly labors with zeal. An incident soon occurred which truly opened John to the full effort of his mission. One of John’s duties was to visit the prisons throughout the city. These visits brought to John’s attention the children throughout the city, exposed each day to dangers of both physical and spiritual nature. These poor children were abandoned to the evil influences surrounding them, with little more to look forward to than a life that would lead them to the gallows. John made up his mind to dedicate his life to the rescue and care of the unfortunate outcasts. John Bosco began first by gathering the children together on Sundays, to teach them the catechism. The group of boys became established as the Oratory of St. Francis de Sales; as it grew and spread around the world, it became known as the Salesian Society. John in time also began to teach classes in the evening, and children who worked in factories by day would come to study as the factories closed for the day. The future St. Dominic Savio was among the students. John also founded the Salesian Congregation, which was composed of both priests and lay people who wished to continue the work he had begun. He also wanted to expand his apostolate to young girls. John, along with the woman who would become St. Maria Domenica Mazzarello, founded the FMA, the Congregation of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians. Education, above all education about loving the Lord, was a primary focus of John’s life work. He spent his free time, including time he should have been sleeping, to writing and popularizing booklets of Catholic teaching for ordinary people. Of John Bosco’s education style, the Catholic Encyclopedia writes: “John Bosco's method of study knew nothing of punishment. Observance of rules was obtained by instilling a true sense of duty, by removing assiduously all occasions for disobedience, and by allowing no effort towards virtue, how trivial so ever it might be, to pass unappreciated. He held that the teacher should be father, adviser, and friend, and he was the first to adopt the preventive method. Of punishment he said: 'As far as possible avoid punishing . . . try to gain love before inspiring fear.' And in 1887 he wrote: 'I do not remember to have used formal punishment; and with God's grace I have always obtained, and from apparently hopeless children, not alone what duty exacted, but what my wish simply expressed.' " By the time of John’s death in 1888 there were 250 houses of the Salesian Society in all parts of the world, housing and educating 130,000 children. John Bosco was declared venerable in 1907 and was canonized in 1934.

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Study Finds Inhaled Insulin Effective in Type 1 Diabetes Miami, FL (June 27, 2005) -- Scientists at the University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine have announced that inhaled insulin works just as well at controlling blood sugar levels as injected insulin, suggesting that daily pre-meal insulin injections may soon be a thing of the past for patients with type 1 diabetes. The study’s findings are published in the July issue of the journal Diabetes Care. In the six-month study, 328 patients with type 1 diabetes received their regular twice-daily injections of long-acting insulin, and were randomized to receive either inhaled insulin before each meal, or subcutaneous regular insulin before each meal. “This research shows that inhaled insulin before meals works exactly the same as injected insulin before meals, even in people who do not make any insulin on their own,” said Jay Skyler, M.D., professor of medicine at the Diabetes Research Institute at the Miller School of Medicine, lead investigator and author of the study. “The lungs are an ideal target for delivery of a substance like insulin,” said Dr. Skyler. “Think of it this way, the surface area of the lungs is about the same as a tennis court, and it is only one cell in thickness, enabling the insulin to get where it needs to go very quickly.” It’s estimated that of the 18 million Americans who have diabetes, more than one million are diagnosed with the autoimmune form of the disease, or type 1 diabetes. In type 1 the body’s cells that produce insulin have been destroyed, and daily insulin injections are needed to sustain life. Researchers have long been looking for an alternative to insulin therapy by injection, which greatly impacts a patient’s quality of life . In order for patients with type 1 diabetes to achieve control of blood sugar levels (which helps minimize but not prevent the longterm complications of the disease), they must adhere to a strict regimen of insulin injections, particularly around mealtime. Many patients often reject multiple injections because of the discomfort, burden and inconvenience, so an effective alternative to the injections would not only be welcomed by these patients, but would likely result in better patient compliance and lower public health care costs. The proof-of-concept study that inhaled insulin was a viable treatment option was published in the February 3, 2001, issue of the prestigious journal The Lancet by Dr. Skyler and colleagues. “This study, however, is the best demonstration to date that inhaled insulin can be substituted for pre-meal insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes,” Dr. Skyler said. “It could mean a significant improvement in quality of life for individuals currently living with the disease.” The inhaled insulin used in this study – Exubera – is currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration, and could be approved by the end of the year. Jeanne Antol Krull

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2013-05-20T11:46:11Z

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Lupus is an autoimmune disease, meaning that the body's own immune system attacks its own tissues. This may lead to inflammation, swelling, pain and tissue damage. Patients with lupus may experience more serious conditions later on that may include problems with the kidneys, heart, lungs and nervous system. The exact cause of lupus is not fully understood. Some scientists and researchers believe that people may be born with genes that affect their immune system and how it works. These people may be more likely to get lupus. Lupus is not contagious. Triggering Lupus Flares What triggers lupus flares in one patient may not trigger lupus in another. Patients are encouraged to speak with a doctor to determine what may trigger their lupus attacks, although they should also be aware of certain environmental triggers. Possible triggers include ultraviolet light (especially from the sun), hormones, certain medications and chemicals such as trichloroethylene. Smoking may lead to lupus and may worsen the condition, while infections such as Hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus and parvovirus may trigger lupus as well. Epstein-Barr virus has been attributed to lupus in children. Patients are encouraged to learn more about lupus and its possible causes. A licensed healthcare professional is the best resource for further information involving lupus. SkinCareGuide.com also offers further information about lupus, its symptoms and its treatments.

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2013-05-23T18:32:03Z

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