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BACKGROUND This study clinically evaluates the 10-year results of connective tissue graft ( CTG ) and guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) therapies using bioabsorbable barriers for root coverage ( i.e. , the reduction of recession depth ) . |
METHODS In 15 patients , 38 Miller Class I and II recessions were treated . |
METHODS Recession defects received a CTG or GTR by random assignment . |
METHODS At baseline ( immediately prior to surgery ) and 6 and 120 + / - 12 months after surgery , clinical parameters were obtained . |
RESULTS Nine patients , who contributed 24 recession defects , were available for re-examination at 120 + / - 12 months . |
RESULTS Six and 120 + / - 12 months after receiving a CTG , statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) root coverage was observed compared to baseline root coverage ( 6 months : 3.07 + / - 1.74 mm ; 120 + / - 12 months : 2.07 + / - 1.89 mm ) . |
RESULTS The GTR therapy resulted in statistically significant root coverage compared to baseline root coverage only after 6 months ( 2.28 + / - 1.77 mm ; P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS Both groups experienced a statistically significant loss of coverage from 6 to 120 + / - 12 months ( CTG : -1.0 + / - 0.78 mm ; GTR : -2.03 + / - 2.24 mm ) . |
RESULTS At 120 + / - 12 months after CTG surgery , the stability of root coverage was statistically significantly better than 120 + / - 12 months after GTR surgery ( P = 0.002 ) . |
RESULTS The CTG caused more post-surgical discomfort ( P < 0.05 ) , but it resulted in a better treatment outcome ( P < 0.05 ) than GTR as perceived by patients . |
CONCLUSIONS The long-term stability of root coverage ( i.e. , the reduction of recession depth ) and esthetic results perceived by patients were significantly better 10 years after CTG surgery , statistically , than after GTR surgery using bioabsorbable barriers . |
###17487114 |
OBJECTIVE To compare the quality of real-time sonographic images obtained from the examinations using two different sound media , ultrasound gel and olive oil . |
METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted on the study population recruited from the routine ultrasound service with written informed consent . |
METHODS Each patient underwent scan using both ultrasound gel and olive oil as sound media , but only one media at a time . |
METHODS During each patient examination , the first type of sound media was randomly used and then followed by the other media . |
METHODS The sonographic images of the same plane were recorded as video clips for each type of sound media . |
METHODS The quality of images were blindly evaluated by one experienced sonographer and the quality of ultrasound images was rated as 0 ( very poor ) , 1 ( poor ) , 2 ( fair ) , and 3 ( good ) , respectively . |
RESULTS Of 346 cases ( 692 video clips ) , the image quality scores in ultrasound gel group and olive oil group were poor , fair , and good quality in 7 , 182 , and 157 and 9 , 190 , and 147 cases , respectively . |
RESULTS The difference of quality scores between both groups was not statistically significant . |
RESULTS ( Chi square test ; p = 0.687 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS The quality of images obtained from the scan using olive oil is similar to that using ultrasound gel . |
CONCLUSIONS Therefore , the olive oil may be used as alternative sound media for ultrasound examination . |
CONCLUSIONS Furthermore , it could possibly be a preferred media because of its lower cost , pleasant smell , and it facility of cleaning . |
###22196620 |
BACKGROUND Because the source of protein may play a role in its satiating effect , we investigated the effect of different proteins on satiation and short-term satiety . |
METHODS Two randomized single-blind cross-over studies were completed . |
METHODS In the first study , we investigated the effect of a preload containing 20 g of casein , whey , pea protein , egg albumin or maltodextrin vs. water control on food intake 30 min later in 32 male volunteers ( 25 4 yrs , BMI 24 0.4 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . |
METHODS Subjective appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales at 10 min intervals after the preload . |
METHODS Capillary blood glucose was measured every 30 min during 2 hrs before and after the ad libitum meal . |
METHODS In the second study , we compared the effect of 20 g of casein , pea protein or whey vs. water control on satiation in 32 male volunteers ( 25 0.6 yrs , BMI 24 0.5 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . |
METHODS The preload was consumed as a starter during an ad libitum meal and food intake was measured . |
METHODS The preloads in both studies were in the form of a beverage . |
RESULTS In the first study , food intake was significantly lower only after casein and pea protein compared to water control ( P = 0.02 ; 0.04 respectively ) . |
RESULTS Caloric compensation was 110 , 103 , 62 , 56 and 51 % after casein , pea protein , whey , albumin and maltodextrin , respectively . |
RESULTS Feelings of satiety were significantly higher after casein and pea protein compared to other preloads ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS Blood glucose response to the meal was significantly lower when whey protein was consumed as a preload compared to other groups ( P < 0.001 ) . |
RESULTS In the second study , results showed no difference between preloads on ad libitum intake . |
RESULTS Total intake was significantly higher after caloric preloads compared to water control ( P < 0.05 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS Casein and pea protein showed a stronger effect on food intake compared to whey when consumed as a preload . |
CONCLUSIONS However , consuming the protein preload as a starter of a meal decreased its impact on food intake as opposed to consuming it 30 min before the meal . |
###25367150 |
BACKGROUND Irregularity measures have been suggested as risk indicators in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) ; however , it is not known to what extent they are affected by commonly used rate-control drugs . |
BACKGROUND We aimed at evaluating the effect of metoprolol , carvedilol , diltiazem , and verapamil on the variability and irregularity of the ventricular response in patients with permanent AF . |
RESULTS Sixty patients with permanent AF were part of an investigator-blind cross-over study , comparing 4 rate-control drugs ( diltiazem , verapamil , metoprolol , and carvedilol ) . |
RESULTS We analyzed five 20-minute segments per patient : baseline and the 4 drug regimens . |
RESULTS On every segment , heart rate ( HR ) variability and irregularity of RR series were computed . |
RESULTS The variability was assessed as standard deviation , pNN20 , pNN50 , pNN80 , and rMSSD . |
RESULTS The irregularity was assessed by regularity index , approximate ( ApEn ) , and sample entropy . |
RESULTS A significantly lower HR was obtained with all drugs , the HR was lowest using the calcium channel blockers . |
RESULTS All drugs increased the variability of ventricular response in respect to baseline ( as an example , rMSSD : baseline 171 47 milliseconds , carvedilol 229 58 milliseconds ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , metoprolol 226 66 milliseconds ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , verapamil 228 84 ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , diltiazem 256 87 milliseconds ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline and all other drugs ) . |
RESULTS Only - blockers significantly increased the irregularity of the RR series ( as an example , ApEn : baseline 1.86 0.13 , carvedilol 1.92 0.09 ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , metoprolol 1.93 0.08 ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , verapamil 1.86 0.22 ns , diltiazem 1.88 0.16 ns ) . |
CONCLUSIONS Modification of AV node conduction by rate-control drugs increase RR variability , while only - blockers affect irregularity . |
###16042514 |
BACKGROUND Internal medicine residents must be competent in Advanced Cardiac Life Support ( ACLS ) for board certification . |
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to use a medical simulator to assess baseline proficiency in ACLS and determine the impact of an intervention on skill development . |
METHODS This was a randomized trial with wait-list controls . |
METHODS After baseline evaluation in all residents , the intervention group received 4 education sessions using a medical simulator . |
METHODS All residents were then retested . |
METHODS After crossover , the wait-list group received the intervention , and residents were tested again . |
METHODS Performance was assessed by comparison to American Heart Association guidelines for treatment of ACLS conditions with interrater and internal consistency reliability estimates . |
RESULTS Performance improved significantly after simulator training . |
RESULTS No improvement was detected as a function of clinical experience alone . |
RESULTS The educational program was rated highly . |