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metadata
language:
  - en
license: llama3
library_name: transformers
tags:
  - mathematics
datasets:
  - hkust-nlp/dart-math-uniform
metrics:
  - accuracy
pipeline_tag: text-generation
base_model: meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B
model-index:
  - name: dart-math-llama3-8b-uniform
    results:
      - task:
          type: text-generation
          name: Mathematical Problem-Solving
        dataset:
          type: hendrycks/competition_math
          name: MATH
          split: test
        metrics:
          - type: accuracy
            name: Pass@1 (0-shot CoT)
            value: 45.3
      - task:
          type: text-generation
          name: Mathematical Problem-Solving
        dataset:
          type: openai/gsm8k
          name: GSM8K
          config: main
          split: test
        metrics:
          - type: accuracy
            name: Pass@1 (0-shot CoT)
            value: 82.5
      - task:
          type: text-generation
          name: Mathematical Problem-Solving
        dataset:
          type: college-math
          name: CollegeMath
        metrics:
          - type: accuracy
            name: Pass@1 (0-shot CoT)
            value: 27.1
      - task:
          type: text-generation
          name: Mathematical Problem-Solving
        dataset:
          type: deepmind-mathematics
          name: DeepMind-Mathematics
        metrics:
          - type: accuracy
            name: Pass@1 (0-shot CoT)
            value: 48.2
      - task:
          type: text-generation
          name: Mathematical Problem-Solving
        dataset:
          type: Hothan/OlympiadBench
          name: OlympiadBench-OE_TO_maths_en_COMP
          config: OE_TO_maths_en_COMP
          split: train
        metrics:
          - type: accuracy
            name: Pass@1 (0-shot CoT)
            value: 13.6
      - task:
          type: text-generation
          name: Mathematical Problem-Solving
        dataset:
          type: TIGER-Lab/TheoremQA
          name: TheoremQA
          split: test
        metrics:
          - type: accuracy
            name: Pass@1 (0-shot CoT)
            value: 15.4

DART-Math: Difficulty-Aware Rejection Tuning for Mathematical Problem-Solving

๐Ÿ“ Paper@arXiv | ๐Ÿค— Datasets&Models@HF | ๐Ÿฑ Code@GitHub

๐Ÿฆ Thread@X(Twitter) | ๐Ÿถ ไธญๆ–‡ๅšๅฎข@็ŸฅไนŽ | ๐Ÿ“Š Leaderboard@PapersWithCode | ๐Ÿ“‘ BibTeX

Models: DART-Math

DART-Math models achieve performance superior or competitive to previous SOTAs on 2 in-domain and 4 challenging out-of-domain mathematical reasoning benchmarks, despite using much smaller datasets and no proprietary model like GPT-4.

Model MATH GSM8K College DM Olympiad Theorem AVG
GPT-4 (0314) 52.6 94.7 24.4 -- -- -- --
Llama-3-70B-MetaMath 44.9 88.0 31.9 53.2 11.6 21.9 41.9
DART-Math-Llama-3-70B (Uniform) 54.9 90.4 38.5 64.1 19.1 27.4 49.1
DART-Math-Llama-3-70B (Prop2Diff) 56.1 89.6 37.9 64.1 20.0 28.2 49.3
DeepSeekMath-7B-MetaMath 43.7 81.8 33.7 53.0 13.6 23.2 41.5
DeepSeekMath-7B-RL 53.1 88.4 41.3 58.3 18.7 35.9 49.3
DART-Math-DSMath-7B (Uniform) 52.9 88.2 40.1 60.2 21.3 32.5 49.2
DART-Math-DSMath-7B (Prop2Diff) 53.6 86.8 40.7 61.6 21.7 32.2 49.4
Mistral-7B-MetaMath 29.8 76.5 19.3 28.0 5.9 14.0 28.9
DART-Math-Mistral-7B (Uniform) 43.5 82.6 26.9 42.0 13.2 16.4 27.4
DART-Math-Mistral-7B (Prop2Diff) 45.5 81.1 29.4 45.1 14.7 17.0 38.8
Llama-3-8B-MetaMath 32.5 77.3 20.6 35.0 5.5 13.8 30.8
DART-Math-Llama-3-8B (Uniform) 45.3 82.5 27.1 48.2 13.6 15.4 38.7
DART-Math-Llama-3-8B (Prop2Diff) 46.6 81.1 28.8 48.0 14.5 19.4 39.7

Abbreviations: College (CollegeMath), DM (DeepMind Mathematics), Olympiad (OlympiadBench-Math), Theorem (TheoremQA). Bold means the best score by SFT on the respective base model here. To reproduce our results, please refer to the DART-Math GitHub repository.

Prompt Template

All the DART-Math models use the Alpaca prompt template:


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.\n\n###Instruction:\n{query}\n\n### Response:\n

Training Dataset

We construct our traning datasets by applying Difficulty-Aware Rejection Sampling (DARS) to the MATH and GSM8K training sets.

DARS tackle severe biases towards easy queries, with frequent failures to generate any correct response for the most challenging queries, in previous datasets.

These biases are primarily caused by vanilla rejection sampling, where the same number of responses is sampled for each query, yet the likelihood of obtaining correct responses for difficult queries is significantly lower, sometimes even zero.

Please refer to DART-Math-Hard / DART-Math-Uniform for more details.

Training Setup

We perform standard instruction tuning to several base models including Llama3-8B & Mistral-7B & Llama3-70B as representatives of general models and DeepSeekMath- 7B as the representative of math-specialized model on our synthetic datasets DART-Math-Hard & DART-Math-Uniform, leading to DART-Math (Prop2Diff) & DART-Math (Uniform) respectively.

For simplicity, we keep most hyper-parameters the same across different models and datasets:

  • Model max length (of packed sequence): 4096
  • Batch size: 64
  • Warm-up ratio: 0.03
  • Learning rate scheduler: cosine
  • Prompt template: Alpaca

Several other key hyper-parameters are tuned as follow:

Base Model Max. L.R. # of Epochs # of Grad. Acc. Steps # of A100 GPUs
Mistral-7B 1e-5 3 1 8
Llama3-8B 5e-5 1 2 8
Llama3-70B 2e-5 1 1 32
DeepSeekMath-7B 5e-5 3 1 8
  • For maximum learning rate, we determine the values by searching through 1e-6,5e-6,1e-5,2e-5,5e-5,1e-4 according to the MATH performance after training on MMIQC for 1 epoch, except for Llama3-70B that is so expensive to search for that we derive from Llama3-8Bโ€™s learning rate in analogy to the relationship of (per-training) learning rates between Llama2-7B and Llama2-70B (~2:1).
  • For Llama3 models, preliminary experiments indicate that training for 1 epoch consistently outperforms 3 epochs.

Please refer to Appendix A.1 of our paper for more details.

Other Details

  • For Mistral-7B-based models, we disable sliding_window by default following the newest Mistral-7B-Instruct (Flash Attention 2 does not support sliding_window and XFormer backend in vLLM has throughput ~10% lower in our experiments.)

Citation

If you find our data, model or code useful for your work, please kindly cite our paper:

@article{tong2024dartmath,
  title={DART-Math: Difficulty-Aware Rejection Tuning for Mathematical Problem-Solving},
  author={Yuxuan Tong and Xiwen Zhang and Rui Wang and Ruidong Wu and Junxian He},
  year={2024},
  eprint={2407.13690},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CL},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.13690},
}