README.md

metadata

base_model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
datasets:
  - lightonai/ms-marco-en-bge
language:
  - en
library_name: PyLate
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
model-index:
  - name: ColBERT based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
    results:
      - dataset:
          name: FiQA
          split: test
          type: beir/fiqa
        metrics:
          - type: ndcg_at_10
            value: 39.86
        task:
          type: Retrieval
      - dataset:
          name: SciFact
          split: test
          type: beir/scifact
        metrics:
          - type: ndcg_at_10
            value: 73.67
        task:
          type: Retrieval
      - dataset:
          name: nfcorpus
          split: test
          type: beir/nfcorpus
        metrics:
          - type: ndcg_at_10
            value: 33.98
        task:
          type: Retrieval
      - dataset:
          name: arguana
          split: test
          type: beir/arguana
        metrics:
          - type: ndcg_at_10
            value: 30.98
        task:
          type: Retrieval
tags:
  - ColBERT
  - PyLate
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:808728
  - loss:Distillation

PyLate model based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base

This is a PyLate model finetuned from answerdotai/ModernBERT-base on the train dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to sequences of 128-dimensional dense vectors and can be used for semantic textual similarity using the MaxSim operator.

I finetuned the model with official script examples/train_pylate.py on a RTX 4090 GPU in 12 hours. See more details in trianing logs. The finetuned model performance is on par with numbers reported in the paper.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: PyLate model
• Base model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
• Document Length: 180 tokens
• Query Length: 32 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 128 tokens
• Similarity Function: MaxSim
• Training Dataset:
  • train
• Language: en

Model Sources

• Documentation: PyLate Documentation
• Repository: PyLate on GitHub
• Hugging Face: PyLate models on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

ColBERT(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 179, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: ModernBertModel 
  (1): Dense({'in_features': 768, 'out_features': 128, 'bias': False, 'activation_function': 'torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity'})
)

Usage

First install the PyLate library:

pip install -U pylate

Retrieval

PyLate provides a streamlined interface to index and retrieve documents using ColBERT models. The index leverages the Voyager HNSW index to efficiently handle document embeddings and enable fast retrieval.

Indexing documents

First, load the ColBERT model and initialize the Voyager index, then encode and index your documents:

from pylate import indexes, models, retrieve

# Step 1: Load the ColBERT model
model = models.ColBERT(
    model_name_or_path=pylate_model_id,
)

# Step 2: Initialize the Voyager index
index = indexes.Voyager(
    index_folder="pylate-index",
    index_name="index",
    override=True,  # This overwrites the existing index if any
)

# Step 3: Encode the documents
documents_ids = ["1", "2", "3"]
documents = ["document 1 text", "document 2 text", "document 3 text"]

documents_embeddings = model.encode(
    documents,
    batch_size=32,
    is_query=False,  # Ensure that it is set to False to indicate that these are documents, not queries
    show_progress_bar=True,
)

# Step 4: Add document embeddings to the index by providing embeddings and corresponding ids
index.add_documents(
    documents_ids=documents_ids,
    documents_embeddings=documents_embeddings,
)

Note that you do not have to recreate the index and encode the documents every time. Once you have created an index and added the documents, you can re-use the index later by loading it:

# To load an index, simply instantiate it with the correct folder/name and without overriding it
index = indexes.Voyager(
    index_folder="pylate-index",
    index_name="index",
)

Retrieving top-k documents for queries

Once the documents are indexed, you can retrieve the top-k most relevant documents for a given set of queries. To do so, initialize the ColBERT retriever with the index you want to search in, encode the queries and then retrieve the top-k documents to get the top matches ids and relevance scores:

# Step 1: Initialize the ColBERT retriever
retriever = retrieve.ColBERT(index=index)

# Step 2: Encode the queries
queries_embeddings = model.encode(
    ["query for document 3", "query for document 1"],
    batch_size=32,
    is_query=True,  #  # Ensure that it is set to False to indicate that these are queries
    show_progress_bar=True,
)

# Step 3: Retrieve top-k documents
scores = retriever.retrieve(
    queries_embeddings=queries_embeddings, 
    k=10,  # Retrieve the top 10 matches for each query
)

Reranking

If you only want to use the ColBERT model to perform reranking on top of your first-stage retrieval pipeline without building an index, you can simply use rank function and pass the queries and documents to rerank:

from pylate import rank, models

queries = [
    "query A",
    "query B",
]

documents = [
    ["document A", "document B"],
    ["document 1", "document C", "document B"],
]

documents_ids = [
    [1, 2],
    [1, 3, 2],
]

model = models.ColBERT(
    model_name_or_path=pylate_model_id,
)

queries_embeddings = model.encode(
    queries,
    is_query=True,
)

documents_embeddings = model.encode(
    documents,
    is_query=False,
)

reranked_documents = rank.rerank(
    documents_ids=documents_ids,
    queries_embeddings=queries_embeddings,
    documents_embeddings=documents_embeddings,
)

Evaluation

NDCG@10

Dataset	Score
FiQA	0.3986
SciFact	0.7367
nfcorpus	0.3398
arguana	0.3098

Training Details

Training Dataset

train

• Dataset: train at 11e6ffa
• Size: 808,728 training samples
• Columns: query_id, document_ids, and scores
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	query_id	document_ids	scores
  type	string	list	list
  details	min: 5 tokens mean: 5.59 tokens max: 6 tokens	size: 32 elements	size: 32 elements

• Samples:

  query_id	document_ids	scores
  121352	['2259784', '4923159', '40211', '1545154', '8527175', ...]	[0.2343463897705078, 0.639204204082489, 0.3806908428668976, 0.5623092651367188, 0.8051995635032654, ...]
  634306	['7723525', '1874779', '379307', '2738583', '7599583', ...]	[0.7124203443527222, 0.7379189729690552, 0.5786551237106323, 0.6142299175262451, 0.6755089163780212, ...]
  920825	['5976297', '2866112', '3560294', '3285659', '4706740', ...]	[0.6462352871894836, 0.7880821228027344, 0.791019856929779, 0.7709633111953735, 0.8284491300582886, ...]

• Loss: pylate.losses.distillation.Distillation

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• per_device_train_batch_size: 4
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
• learning_rate: 8e-05
• num_train_epochs: 1
• warmup_ratio: 0.05
• bf16: True
• tf32: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: no
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 4
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 8
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 8e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 1
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.05
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: True
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: True
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Click to expand

Epoch	Step	Training Loss
0.0020	100	0.0524
0.0040	200	0.0482
0.0059	300	0.0464
0.0079	400	0.043
0.0099	500	0.0387
0.0119	600	0.0383
0.0138	700	0.0345
0.0158	800	0.0307
0.0178	900	0.0294
0.0198	1000	0.0275
0.0218	1100	0.0271
0.0237	1200	0.0264
0.0257	1300	0.0258
0.0277	1400	0.0246
0.0297	1500	0.0239
0.0317	1600	0.023
0.0336	1700	0.0216
0.0356	1800	0.0282
0.0376	1900	0.0211
0.0396	2000	0.0205
0.0415	2100	0.0197
0.0435	2200	0.0187
0.0455	2300	0.0184
0.0475	2400	0.0177
0.0495	2500	0.0179
0.0514	2600	0.0173
0.0534	2700	0.0169
0.0554	2800	0.0163
0.0574	2900	0.016
0.0594	3000	0.016
0.0613	3100	0.0147
0.0633	3200	0.0148
0.0653	3300	0.0155
0.0673	3400	0.0149
0.0692	3500	0.0149
0.0712	3600	0.0141
0.0732	3700	0.0145
0.0752	3800	0.0142
0.0772	3900	0.0143
0.0791	4000	0.0137
0.0811	4100	0.0134
0.0831	4200	0.0129
0.0851	4300	0.0133
0.0871	4400	0.0135
0.0890	4500	0.0128
0.0910	4600	0.0126
0.0930	4700	0.0126
0.0950	4800	0.0129
0.0969	4900	0.0127
0.0989	5000	0.0127
0.1009	5100	0.0125
0.1029	5200	0.0119
0.1049	5300	0.0124
0.1068	5400	0.012
0.1088	5500	0.013
0.1108	5600	0.0119
0.1128	5700	0.0118
0.1147	5800	0.0121
0.1167	5900	0.0119
0.1187	6000	0.0116
0.1207	6100	0.0112
0.1227	6200	0.0116
0.1246	6300	0.0115
0.1266	6400	0.0119
0.1286	6500	0.0115
0.1306	6600	0.0109
0.1326	6700	0.0114
0.1345	6800	0.0114
0.1365	6900	0.0109
0.1385	7000	0.011
0.1405	7100	0.0111
0.1424	7200	0.0109
0.1444	7300	0.0108
0.1464	7400	0.0112
0.1484	7500	0.0106
0.1504	7600	0.011
0.1523	7700	0.0106
0.1543	7800	0.0107
0.1563	7900	0.0108
0.1583	8000	0.0106
0.1603	8100	0.0107
0.1622	8200	0.0108
0.1642	8300	0.0103
0.1662	8400	0.0107
0.1682	8500	0.0104
0.1701	8600	0.011
0.1721	8700	0.0105
0.1741	8800	0.0105
0.1761	8900	0.01
0.1781	9000	0.0106
0.1800	9100	0.0105
0.1820	9200	0.0104
0.1840	9300	0.0104
0.1860	9400	0.0107
0.1879	9500	0.0102
0.1899	9600	0.0103
0.1919	9700	0.0105
0.1939	9800	0.01
0.1959	9900	0.0098
0.1978	10000	0.0099
0.1998	10100	0.0099
0.2018	10200	0.0099
0.2038	10300	0.0098
0.2058	10400	0.01
0.2077	10500	0.0101
0.2097	10600	0.0098
0.2117	10700	0.0101
0.2137	10800	0.0098
0.2156	10900	0.0101
0.2176	11000	0.01
0.2196	11100	0.01
0.2216	11200	0.0096
0.2236	11300	0.0096
0.2255	11400	0.0096
0.2275	11500	0.0098
0.2295	11600	0.0099
0.2315	11700	0.0094
0.2335	11800	0.0096
0.2354	11900	0.0094
0.2374	12000	0.0098
0.2394	12100	0.0095
0.2414	12200	0.0095
0.2433	12300	0.0098
0.2453	12400	0.0097
0.2473	12500	0.0094
0.2493	12600	0.0093
0.2513	12700	0.0093
0.2532	12800	0.0092
0.2552	12900	0.0094
0.2572	13000	0.0095
0.2592	13100	0.0093
0.2612	13200	0.009
0.2631	13300	0.0087
0.2651	13400	0.0089
0.2671	13500	0.009
0.2691	13600	0.0091
0.2710	13700	0.0092
0.2730	13800	0.0089
0.2750	13900	0.0091
0.2770	14000	0.0092
0.2790	14100	0.0088
0.2809	14200	0.009
0.2829	14300	0.0091
0.2849	14400	0.0086
0.2869	14500	0.009
0.2888	14600	0.0088
0.2908	14700	0.0092
0.2928	14800	0.009
0.2948	14900	0.0088
0.2968	15000	0.0087
0.2987	15100	0.0085
0.3007	15200	0.009
0.3027	15300	0.0088
0.3047	15400	0.0086
0.3067	15500	0.0087
0.3086	15600	0.0088
0.3106	15700	0.0085
0.3126	15800	0.0088
0.3146	15900	0.0085
0.3165	16000	0.0086
0.3185	16100	0.0086
0.3205	16200	0.0087
0.3225	16300	0.0088
0.3245	16400	0.0087
0.3264	16500	0.0087
0.3284	16600	0.0086
0.3304	16700	0.0087
0.3324	16800	0.0092
0.3344	16900	0.0085
0.3363	17000	0.0088
0.3383	17100	0.0084
0.3403	17200	0.0088
0.3423	17300	0.0083
0.3442	17400	0.0085
0.3462	17500	0.0083
0.3482	17600	0.0084
0.3502	17700	0.0084
0.3522	17800	0.0083
0.3541	17900	0.0087
0.3561	18000	0.0083
0.3581	18100	0.0085
0.3601	18200	0.0082
0.3621	18300	0.0079
0.3640	18400	0.0085
0.3660	18500	0.0084
0.3680	18600	0.0082
0.3700	18700	0.0083
0.3719	18800	0.0082
0.3739	18900	0.0082
0.3759	19000	0.0083
0.3779	19100	0.0081
0.3799	19200	0.0083
0.3818	19300	0.0079
0.3838	19400	0.0083
0.3858	19500	0.0082
0.3878	19600	0.0084
0.3897	19700	0.0084
0.3917	19800	0.008
0.3937	19900	0.0081
0.3957	20000	0.0083
0.3977	20100	0.0082
0.3996	20200	0.0078
0.4016	20300	0.0079
0.4036	20400	0.0081
0.4056	20500	0.0085
0.4076	20600	0.0082
0.4095	20700	0.008
0.4115	20800	0.0079
0.4135	20900	0.0081
0.4155	21000	0.008
0.4174	21100	0.0079
0.4194	21200	0.0077
0.4214	21300	0.0078
0.4234	21400	0.0082
0.4254	21500	0.008
0.4273	21600	0.0076
0.4293	21700	0.0075
0.4313	21800	0.0078
0.4333	21900	0.0081
0.4353	22000	0.0077
0.4372	22100	0.0079
0.4392	22200	0.0078
0.4412	22300	0.0078
0.4432	22400	0.0077
0.4451	22500	0.0078
0.4471	22600	0.0079
0.4491	22700	0.0078
0.4511	22800	0.0079
0.4531	22900	0.0075
0.4550	23000	0.0077
0.4570	23100	0.0076
0.4590	23200	0.0078
0.4610	23300	0.0075
0.4629	23400	0.0075
0.4649	23500	0.0078
0.4669	23600	0.0075
0.4689	23700	0.0076
0.4709	23800	0.0075
0.4728	23900	0.0075
0.4748	24000	0.0075
0.4768	24100	0.0076
0.4788	24200	0.0079
0.4808	24300	0.0076
0.4827	24400	0.0077
0.4847	24500	0.0077
0.4867	24600	0.0073
0.4887	24700	0.0077
0.4906	24800	0.0076
0.4926	24900	0.0075
0.4946	25000	0.0076
0.4966	25100	0.0078
0.4986	25200	0.0077
0.5005	25300	0.0076
0.5025	25400	0.0076
0.5045	25500	0.0076
0.5065	25600	0.0073
0.5085	25700	0.0075
0.5104	25800	0.0072
0.5124	25900	0.0074
0.5144	26000	0.0075
0.5164	26100	0.0075
0.5183	26200	0.0072
0.5203	26300	0.0073
0.5223	26400	0.0073
0.5243	26500	0.0073
0.5263	26600	0.0076
0.5282	26700	0.0075
0.5302	26800	0.0075
0.5322	26900	0.0071
0.5342	27000	0.0074
0.5362	27100	0.0073
0.5381	27200	0.0072
0.5401	27300	0.0071
0.5421	27400	0.0073
0.5441	27500	0.0072
0.5460	27600	0.0076
0.5480	27700	0.0072
0.5500	27800	0.0074
0.5520	27900	0.0072
0.5540	28000	0.0072
0.5559	28100	0.0071
0.5579	28200	0.0069
0.5599	28300	0.0071
0.5619	28400	0.0075
0.5638	28500	0.0074
0.5658	28600	0.0072
0.5678	28700	0.0074
0.5698	28800	0.0072
0.5718	28900	0.0072
0.5737	29000	0.0073
0.5757	29100	0.0072
0.5777	29200	0.0069
0.5797	29300	0.0069
0.5817	29400	0.007
0.5836	29500	0.0071
0.5856	29600	0.007
0.5876	29700	0.0069
0.5896	29800	0.0072
0.5915	29900	0.007
0.5935	30000	0.007
0.5955	30100	0.007
0.5975	30200	0.0069
0.5995	30300	0.0068
0.6014	30400	0.0071
0.6034	30500	0.007
0.6054	30600	0.0071
0.6074	30700	0.007
0.6094	30800	0.0069
0.6113	30900	0.007
0.6133	31000	0.0071
0.6153	31100	0.0069
0.6173	31200	0.007
0.6192	31300	0.0068
0.6212	31400	0.0069
0.6232	31500	0.0068
0.6252	31600	0.0068
0.6272	31700	0.007
0.6291	31800	0.0068
0.6311	31900	0.0069
0.6331	32000	0.0068
0.6351	32100	0.0069
0.6370	32200	0.0066
0.6390	32300	0.0068
0.6410	32400	0.0067
0.6430	32500	0.0068
0.6450	32600	0.0069
0.6469	32700	0.0068
0.6489	32800	0.0065
0.6509	32900	0.0068
0.6529	33000	0.0067
0.6549	33100	0.0066
0.6568	33200	0.0069
0.6588	33300	0.0067
0.6608	33400	0.0067
0.6628	33500	0.0068
0.6647	33600	0.0066
0.6667	33700	0.0069
0.6687	33800	0.0069
0.6707	33900	0.0064
0.6727	34000	0.0065
0.6746	34100	0.0067
0.6766	34200	0.0063
0.6786	34300	0.0067
0.6806	34400	0.0066
0.6826	34500	0.0065
0.6845	34600	0.0064
0.6865	34700	0.0066
0.6885	34800	0.0065
0.6905	34900	0.0064
0.6924	35000	0.0066
0.6944	35100	0.0064
0.6964	35200	0.0064
0.6984	35300	0.0066
0.7004	35400	0.0065
0.7023	35500	0.0067
0.7043	35600	0.0065
0.7063	35700	0.0064
0.7083	35800	0.0066
0.7103	35900	0.0065
0.7122	36000	0.0067
0.7142	36100	0.0069
0.7162	36200	0.0065
0.7182	36300	0.0064
0.7201	36400	0.0064
0.7221	36500	0.0066
0.7241	36600	0.0065
0.7261	36700	0.0062
0.7281	36800	0.0068
0.7300	36900	0.0064
0.7320	37000	0.0067
0.7340	37100	0.0063
0.7360	37200	0.0063
0.7379	37300	0.0064
0.7399	37400	0.0066
0.7419	37500	0.0065
0.7439	37600	0.0064
0.7459	37700	0.0065
0.7478	37800	0.0064
0.7498	37900	0.0063
0.7518	38000	0.0062
0.7538	38100	0.0064
0.7558	38200	0.0062
0.7577	38300	0.0064
0.7597	38400	0.0063
0.7617	38500	0.0063
0.7637	38600	0.0065
0.7656	38700	0.0063
0.7676	38800	0.0064
0.7696	38900	0.0062
0.7716	39000	0.0062
0.7736	39100	0.0062
0.7755	39200	0.0063
0.7775	39300	0.0065
0.7795	39400	0.0061
0.7815	39500	0.0062
0.7835	39600	0.0063
0.7854	39700	0.0062
0.7874	39800	0.0062
0.7894	39900	0.0063
0.7914	40000	0.0059
0.7933	40100	0.0063
0.7953	40200	0.0064
0.7973	40300	0.006
0.7993	40400	0.0063
0.8013	40500	0.0061
0.8032	40600	0.0061
0.8052	40700	0.0062
0.8072	40800	0.0062
0.8092	40900	0.006
0.8112	41000	0.0061
0.8131	41100	0.0063
0.8151	41200	0.0059
0.8171	41300	0.0062
0.8191	41400	0.0062
0.8210	41500	0.0062
0.8230	41600	0.0062
0.8250	41700	0.0061
0.8270	41800	0.0061
0.8290	41900	0.0061
0.8309	42000	0.0063
0.8329	42100	0.0064
0.8349	42200	0.0063
0.8369	42300	0.0063
0.8388	42400	0.0061
0.8408	42500	0.0062
0.8428	42600	0.0062
0.8448	42700	0.0061
0.8468	42800	0.0059
0.8487	42900	0.006
0.8507	43000	0.0061
0.8527	43100	0.0062
0.8547	43200	0.0058
0.8567	43300	0.0065
0.8586	43400	0.0064
0.8606	43500	0.006
0.8626	43600	0.0061
0.8646	43700	0.0059
0.8665	43800	0.0063
0.8685	43900	0.0061
0.8705	44000	0.006
0.8725	44100	0.0061
0.8745	44200	0.0061
0.8764	44300	0.0059
0.8784	44400	0.006
0.8804	44500	0.006
0.8824	44600	0.0059
0.8844	44700	0.0062
0.8863	44800	0.006
0.8883	44900	0.006
0.8903	45000	0.0058
0.8923	45100	0.006
0.8942	45200	0.0061
0.8962	45300	0.006
0.8982	45400	0.0059
0.9002	45500	0.0059
0.9022	45600	0.006
0.9041	45700	0.0062
0.9061	45800	0.0056
0.9081	45900	0.0057
0.9101	46000	0.006
0.9120	46100	0.0059
0.9140	46200	0.006
0.9160	46300	0.0059
0.9180	46400	0.0062
0.9200	46500	0.0059
0.9219	46600	0.0059
0.9239	46700	0.006
0.9259	46800	0.0059
0.9279	46900	0.0058
0.9299	47000	0.0057
0.9318	47100	0.0058
0.9338	47200	0.0058
0.9358	47300	0.0059
0.9378	47400	0.0059
0.9397	47500	0.0058
0.9417	47600	0.006
0.9437	47700	0.0058
0.9457	47800	0.006
0.9477	47900	0.0059
0.9496	48000	0.0058
0.9516	48100	0.0057
0.9536	48200	0.006
0.9556	48300	0.0057
0.9576	48400	0.006
0.9595	48500	0.0058
0.9615	48600	0.0058
0.9635	48700	0.0058
0.9655	48800	0.0057
0.9674	48900	0.0058
0.9694	49000	0.006
0.9714	49100	0.0055
0.9734	49200	0.0058
0.9754	49300	0.0059
0.9773	49400	0.0057
0.9793	49500	0.0055
0.9813	49600	0.0059
0.9833	49700	0.0058
0.9853	49800	0.0059
0.9872	49900	0.0058
0.9892	50000	0.0056
0.9912	50100	0.0058
0.9932	50200	0.0058
0.9951	50300	0.0059
0.9971	50400	0.0059
0.9991	50500	0.006

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.9
• Sentence Transformers: 3.3.0
• PyLate: 1.1.4
• Transformers: 4.48.0.dev0
• PyTorch: 2.4.0
• Accelerate: 1.2.1
• Datasets: 2.21.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084"
}

PyLate

@misc{PyLate,
title={PyLate: Flexible Training and Retrieval for Late Interaction Models},
author={Chaffin, Antoine and Sourty, Raphaël},
url={https://github.com/lightonai/pylate},
year={2024}
}