metadata
base_model: pankajrajdeo/UMLS-Pubmed-ST-TCE-Epoch-1
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:137221
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: >-
What are the underlying physical mechanisms that allow for the detection
of rotation velocity using orbital angular momentum light spots, even when
they are completely deviated from the rotation center?
sentences:
- >-
Pneumothorax following ultrasound-guided jugular vein puncture for
central venous access in interventional radiology: 4 years of
experience. PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to review the rate of
pneumothorax following central venous access, using real-time ultrasound
guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data related to ultrasound-guided
venous puncture, for central venous access, performed between July 1,
2004 and June 30, 2008 was retrospectively and prospectively collected.
Access route, needle gauge, catheter type, and diagnosis of pneumothorax
on the intraprocedure spot radiographs and or the postprocedure chest
radiographs, were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 1262 ultrasound-guided
jugular venous puncture for central venous access were performed on a
total of 1066 patients between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2008. Access
vessels included 983 right internal jugular veins, 275 left internal
jugular veins, and 4 right external jugular veins. No pneumothorax (0%)
was identified. CONCLUSION: Due to an extremely low rate of pneumothorax
following ultrasound-guided central venous access, 0% in our study and
other published studies, we suggest that routine postprocedure chest
radiograph to exclude pneumothorax may be dispensed unless it is
suspected by the operator or if the patient becomes symptomatic.
- >-
Targeting CDK4/6 in patients with cancer. The cyclin D-cyclin dependent
kinase (CDK) 4/6-inhibitor of CDK4 (INK4)-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway
controls cell cycle progression by regulating the G1-S checkpoint.
Dysregulation of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-Rb pathway results in
increased proliferation, and is frequently observed in many types of
cancer. Pathway activation can occur through a variety of mechanisms,
including gene amplification or rearrangement, loss of negative
regulators, epigenetic alterations, and point mutations in key pathway
components. Due to the importance of CDK4/6 activity in cancer cells,
CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as promising candidates for cancer
treatment. Moreover, combination of a CDK4/6 inhibitor with other
targeted therapies may help overcome acquired or de novo treatment
resistance. Ongoing studies include combinations of CDK4/6 inhibitors
with endocrine therapy and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway
inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancers, and with
selective RAF and MEK inhibitors for tumors with alterations in the
mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway such as melanoma. In
particular, the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy,
such as palbociclib's recent first-line approval in combination with
letrozole, is expected to transform the treatment of HR+ breast cancer.
Currently, three selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have been approved or are
in late-stage development: palbociclib (PD-0332991), ribociclib
(LEE011), and abemaciclib (LY2835219). Here we describe the current
preclinical and clinical data for these novel agents and discuss
combination strategies with other agents for the treatment of cancer.
- >-
Rotation velocity detection with orbital angular momentum light spot
completely deviated out of the rotation center. Based on the rotational
Doppler effect, an orbital angular momentum beam can measure the lateral
rotation velocity of an object, which has broad application prospects.
However, all existing research focus on the light spot center coinciding
with the rotation center, or only with small center offset. This is
difficult to ensure in remote detection applications. In this paper, the
rotational Doppler frequency shifts under three cases, including no
center offset, small center offset and large center offset, are analyzed
theoretically. Through theoretical research results, a novel method of
measuring rotation velocity is proposed, with the light spot completely
deviated out of the rotation center. A laboratory verification
experiment shows that this proposed method breaks the limit of center
offset of lateral rotation velocity measurement and is of great
significance to the remote detection of non-cooperative rotation object.
- source_sentence: >-
What are the implications of hydrogen bonding patterns on the
supramolecular assembly of molecules, and how can these interactions be
manipulated or controlled?
sentences:
- >-
M.V. Volkenstein, evolutionary thinking and the structure of fitness
landscapes. High dimensional fitness landscapes are robustly dominated
by saddle points, not isolated peaks. We present an argument to this
effect that is reminiscent of May's complexity stability analysis and
trace out the significance for the dynamics of speciation, the
connection between the neutral and punctuated aspects of evolution and
evolution on moving landscapes. The paper is written in honor of M.V.
Volkenstein, who devoted his last papers to uniting dynamics with
evolutionary thinking.
- >-
Differential impacts of smoke-free laws on indoor air quality. The
authors assessed the impacts of two different smoke-free laws on indoor
air quality. They compared the indoor air quality of 10 hospitality
venues in Lexington and Louisville, Kentucky, before and after the
smoke-free laws went into effect. Real-time measurements of particulate
matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm or smaller (PM2.5) were
made. One Lexington establishment was excluded from the analysis of
results because of apparent smoking violation after the law went into
effect. The average indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the nine Lexington
venues decreased 91 percent, from 199 to 18 microg/m3. The average
indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the 10 Louisville venues, however,
increased slightly, from 304 to 338 microg/m3. PM2.5 levels in the
establishments decreased as numbers of burning cigarettes decreased.
While the Louisville partial smoke-free law with exemptions did not
reduce indoor air pollution in the selected venues, comprehensive and
properly enforced smoke-free laws can be an effective means of reducing
indoor air pollution.
- >-
Structures of three substituted arenesulfonamides from X-ray powder
diffraction data using the differential evolution technique. The
structures of three substituted arenesulfonamides have been solved from
laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, using a new direct-space
structure solution method based on a differential evolution algorithm,
and refined by the Rietveld method. In 2-toluenesulfonamide,
C(7)H(9)NO(2)S (I) (tetragonal I4(1)/a, Z = 16), the molecules are
linked by N-H...O=S hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework.
In 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide, C(6)H(6)N(2)O(4)S (II) (monoclinic P2(1),
Z = 2), N-H...O=S hydrogen bonds produce molecular ladders, which are
linked into sheets by C-H...O=S hydrogen bonds: the nitro group does not
participate in the hydrogen bonding. Molecules of
4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide, C(6)H(6)N(2)O(4)S (III) (monoclinic P2(1)/n,
Z = 4), are linked into sheets by four types of hydrogen bond,
N-H...O=S, N-H...O(nitro), C-H...O=S and C-H...O(nitro), and the sheets
are weakly linked by aromatic pi...pi stacking interactions.
- source_sentence: When ceritinib used instead of crizotinib?
sentences:
- >-
Pemedolac: a novel and long-acting non-narcotic analgesic.
Pemedolacindole-1-acetic acid; AY-30,715] exhibited potent analgesic
effects against chemically induced pain in rats and mice and against
inflammatory pain in rats. In each of the animal models used the
analgesic potency of pemedolac was defined by an ED50 of 2.0 mg/kg p.o.
or less. Significant analgesic activity was detected in rats at 16 hr
after administration of 1 mg/kg p.o. (paw pressure test) and at 10 hr
after administration of 10 mg/kg p.o. to mice (p-phenylbenzoquinone
writhing). Inasmuch as pemedolac was inactive in the hot plate and
tail-flick tests; and its analgesic activity was not antagonized by
naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.), and tolerance did not develop upon multiple
administration; this drug does not exert its analgesic effects through
an opiate mechanism. Pemedolac differed from standard nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in that the doses which produced
analgesia were much lower than those required for either
anti-inflammatory or gastric irritant effects. In acute
anti-inflammatory tests, pemedolac exhibited only weak activity as
evidenced by an ED50 approximately 100 mg/kg p.o. in the carrageenan paw
edema procedure. This demonstrates for pemedolac a separation of at
least 50-fold between the acute analgesic and anti-inflammatory
activities, which was greater than that observed with reference NSAIDs.
The compound also had a low ulcerogenic liability with an acute UD50 =
107 mg/kg p.o. and a subacute UD50 estimated to be 140 mg/kg/day p.o. In
contrast, the reference NSAIDS (piroxicam, indomethacin, naproxen and
ibuprofen) exhibited similar dose-response relationships for the
analgesic, anti-inflammatory and gastric irritant effects.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).
- >-
Genome-wide detection of CNVs associated with beak deformity in chickens
using high-density 600K SNP arrays. Beak deformity (crossed beaks) is
found in several indigenous chicken breeds including Beijing-You studied
here. Birds with deformed beaks have reduced feed intake and poor
production performance. Recently, copy number variation (CNV) has been
examined in many species and is recognized as a source of genetic
variation, especially for disease phenotypes. In this study, to unravel
the genetic mechanisms underlying beak deformity, we performed
genome-wide CNV detection using Affymetrix chicken high-density 600K
data on 48 deformed-beak and 48 normal birds using penncnv. As a result,
two and eight CNV regions (CNVRs) covering 0.32 and 2.45 Mb respectively
on autosomes were identified in deformed-beak and normal birds
respectively. Further RT-qPCR studies validated nine of the 10 CNVRs.
The ratios of six CNVRs were significantly different between
deformed-beak and normal birds (P < 0.01). Within these six regions,
three and 21 known genes were identified in deformed-beak and normal
birds respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these genes were
enriched in six GO terms and one KEGG pathway. Five candidate genes in
the CNVRs were further validated using RT-qPCR. The expression of LRIG2
(leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 2) was lower in
birds with deformed beaks (P < 0.01). Therefore, the LRIG2 gene could be
considered a key factor in view of its known functions and its potential
roles in beak deformity. Overall, our results will be helpful for future
investigations of the genomic structural variations underlying beak
deformity in chickens.
- >-
Ceritinib: a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor for non-small-cell lung
cancer. OBJECTIVE: To review ceritinib for the treatment of anaplastic
lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). DATA SOURCES: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed,
EMBASE (1974 to July week 5, 2014), and Google Scholar using the terms
ceritinib, LDK378, and non-small-cell lung cancer. STUDY SELECTION AND
DATA EXTRACTION: One phase 1 trial and 2 abstracts were identified. DATA
SYNTHESIS: Ceritinib is approved for the treatment of ALK-positive
metastatic NSCLC in patients who are intolerant to or have progressed
despite therapy with crizotinib. In the phase 1 clinical trial, the
maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 750 mg once daily. The
overall response rate (ORR) was 58% (95% CI = 48-67) in patients who
received ≥400 mg daily (n = 114). In this group, the ORR was 56% (95% CI
= 41-67) and 62% (95% CI = 44-78) among crizotinib-exposed and -naïve
patients, respectively. The ORR was 59% (95% CI = 47-70) in patients who
received 750 mg daily (n = 78). The ORR was 56% (95% CI = 41-70) in
crizotinib-treated patients and 64% (95% CI = 44-81) in crizotinib-naïve
patients, respectively, in this subset. The median duration of response
was 8.2 months. Median progression-free survival was 7.0 months. The
most common adverse reactions included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, fatigue, and elevated
transaminases. CONCLUSIONS: Ceritinib has activity in
crizotinib-resistant and crizotinib-naïve patients and appears to be a
viable alternative for ALK-positive NSCLC. Long-term data are needed to
further define the role of ceritinib in the treatment of NSCLC.
- source_sentence: >-
How do underlying physiological mechanisms influence the relationship
between muscle tension and headache disorders?
sentences:
- >-
The correlation of lncRNA SNHG16 with inflammatory cytokines, adhesion
molecules, disease severity, and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke
patients. BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene
16 (lncRNA SNHG16) is involved in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic
stroke (AIS) through the regulation of brain endothelial cell viability,
inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and neural apoptosis.
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of lncRNA SNHG16 in
AIS patients. METHODS: Newly diagnosed AIS patients (N = 120) were
serially recruited. Their lncRNA SNHG16 expressions in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected by reverse
transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); serum
inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were determined using
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The accumulating
recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.
Moreover, controls (N = 60) were recruited and their lncRNA SNHG16
expressions in PBMCs were detected. RESULTS: LncRNA SNHG16 was declined
in AIS patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, lncRNA
SNHG16 was not related to any comorbidities in AIS patients (all p >
0.05). Interestingly, lncRNA SNHG16 was negatively related to tumor
necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (p < 0.001), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p =
0.013), and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (p = 0.024),
while positively correlated with interleukin 10 (IL-10) (p = 0.022) in
AIS patients. Besides, lncRNA SNHG16 was inversely associated with the
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in AIS patients
(p = 0.003). During the follow-up period, in 14 (11.7%) patients
occurred recurrence and 5 (4.2%) patients died. Unexpectedly, lncRNA
SNHG16 was not associated with accumulating RFS (p = 0.103) or OS (p =
0.150) in AIS patients. CONCLUSION: LncRNA SNHG16 relates to lower
inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and milder disease severity,
but fails to predict prognosis in AIS patients.
- >-
Burning mouth syndrome: a discussion of a complex pathology. Burning
mouth syndrome is a complex pathology for which there is very little
information about the etiology and pathogenesis. This lack of knowledge
leaves patients with suboptimal treatments. This article discusses the
existing scientific evidence about this disease. Since topical oral use
of clonazepam have been shown to be effective and safe to treat some
patients suffering with burning mouth syndrome, formulations including
clonazepam are included with this article. Compounding topical
preparations of clonazepam offers opportunities for compounding
pharmacists to be more involved in improving the quality of life of
burning mouth syndrome patients.
- >-
Tension headaches and muscle tension: is there a role for magnesium?
Although many theories and hypotheses have been offered for the etiology
of tension-type headache (TH), no one previous hypothesis seems to
adequately explain TH. This may, in large measure, account for why it is
often difficult to effectively treat TH. Herein, we review current and
old hypotheses of TH and offer a new hypothesis which is consistent with
what is known about TH. We show that magnesium (Mg) metabolism may be
pivotal in both the etiology and treatment of TH. Measurement of serum
ionized Mg2+ (IMg2+) levels and brain intracellular free Mg2+ (i) appear
to offer excellent methods for establishing the validity of our
hypothesis. Since approximately 70% of patients who have a TH exhibit
muscular tightness and tenderness, it is distinctly possible that
problems in Mg metabolism and dietary intake are the links to
concomitant muscle tension and TH. The significance of release of pain
mediators, muscle cramps, muscle strains (and damage) and muscle tension
to TH, and its relationship to Mg metabolism, are reviewed. These are
all associated with a Mg-deficient state. It seems clear from the
available data that TH's are more associated with muscle tension or
scalp tension than any other headache type. From the data available, Mg
supplementation appears to be of great benefit in many of these
situations. We believe there is a great need for clinicians to examine
Mg2+ metabolism, bioavailable Mg2+ in muscle tissues and blood, and the
effectiveness of Mg salts (in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled
manner) in subjects with TH and muscle tension.
- source_sentence: >-
How do the structural properties of nanoporous materials influence their
efficiency in catalytic reactions?
sentences:
- >-
Rationale and design of the Kanyini guidelines adherence with the
polypill (Kanyini-GAP) study: a randomised controlled trial of a
polypill-based strategy amongst indigenous and non indigenous people at
high cardiovascular risk. BACKGROUND: The Kanyini Guidelines Adherence
with the Polypill (Kanyini-GAP) Study aims to examine whether a
polypill-based strategy (using a single capsule containing aspirin, a
statin and two blood pressure-lowering agents) amongst Indigenous and
non-Indigenous people at high risk of experiencing a cardiovascular
event will improve adherence to guideline-indicated therapies, and lower
blood pressure and cholesterol levels. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is an
open, randomised, controlled, multi-centre trial involving 1000
participants at high risk of cardiovascular events recruited from
mainstream general practices and Aboriginal Medical Services, followed
for an average of 18 months. The participants will be randomised to one
of two versions of the polypill, the version chosen by the treating
health professional according to clinical features of the patient, or to
usual care. The primary study outcomes will be changes, from baseline
measures, in serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure and
self-reported current use of aspirin, a statin and at least two blood
pressure lowering agents. Secondary study outcomes include
cardiovascular events, renal outcomes, self-reported barriers to
indicated therapy, prescription of indicated therapy, occurrence of
serious adverse events and changes in quality-of-life. The trial will be
supplemented by formal economic and process evaluations. DISCUSSION: The
Kanyini-GAP trial will provide new evidence as to whether or not a
polypill-based strategy improves adherence to effective cardiovascular
medications amongst individuals in whom these treatments are indicated.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered with the Australian New
Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN126080005833347.
- >-
A highly robust cluster-based indium(III)-organic framework with
efficient catalytic activity in cycloaddition of CO2 and Knoevenagel
condensation. The efficient catalytic performance displayed by MOFs is
decided by an appropriate charge/radius ratio of defect metal sites,
large enough solvent-accessible channels and Lewis base sites capable of
polarizing substrate molecules. Herein, the solvothermal self-assembly
led to a highly robust nanochannel-based framework of {·2DMF·5H2O}n
(NUC-66) with a 56.8% void volume, which is a combination of a
tetranuclear cluster (abbreviated as {In4}) and a conjugated tetracyclic
pentacarboxylic acid ligand of
4,4'-(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H5CPDD).
To the best of our knowledge, NUC-66 is a rarely reported {In4}-based 3D
framework with embedded hierarchical triangular-microporous (2.9 Å) and
hexagonal-nanoporous (12.0 Å) channels, which are shaped by six rows of
{In4} clusters. After solvent exchange and vacuum drying, the surface of
nanochannels in desolvated NUC-66a is modified by unsaturated In3+ ions,
Npyridine atoms and μ3-OH groups, all of which display polarization
ability towards polar molecules due to their Lewis acidity or basicity.
The catalytic experiments performed showed that NUC-66a had high
catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides with CO2
under mild conditions, which should be ascribed to its structural
advantages including nanoscale channels, rich bifunctional active sites,
large surface areas and chemical stability. Moreover, NUC-66a, as a
heterogeneous catalyst, could greatly accelerate the Knoevenagel
condensation reactions of aldehydes and malononitrile. Hence, this work
confirms that the development of rigid nanoporous cluster-based MOFs
built on metal ions with a high charge and large radius ratio will be
more likely to realize practical applications, such as catalysis,
adsorption and separation of gas, etc.
- >-
Absolute quantification of dehydroacetic acid in processed foods using
quantitative 1H NMR. An absolute quantification method for the
determination of dehydroacetic acid in processed foods using
quantitative (1)H NMR was developed and validated. The level of
dehydroacetic acid was determined using the proton signals of
dehydroacetic acid referenced to 1,4-bis (trimethylsilyl) benzene-d4
after simple solvent extraction from processed foods. All the recoveries
from three processed foods spiked at two different concentrations were
larger than 85%. The proposed method also proved to be precise, with
inter-day precision and excellent linearity. The limit of quantification
was confirmed as 0.13g/kg in processed foods, which is sufficiently low
for the purposes of monitoring dehydroacetic acid. Furthermore, the
method is rapid and easy to apply, and provides International System of
Units traceability without the need for authentic analyte reference
materials. Therefore, the proposed method is a useful and practical tool
for determining the level of dehydroacetic acid in processed foods.
SentenceTransformer based on pankajrajdeo/UMLS-Pubmed-ST-TCE-Epoch-1
This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from pankajrajdeo/UMLS-Pubmed-ST-TCE-Epoch-1. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
Model Details
Model Description
- Model Type: Sentence Transformer
- Base model: pankajrajdeo/UMLS-Pubmed-ST-TCE-Epoch-1
- Maximum Sequence Length: 1024 tokens
- Output Dimensionality: 384 tokens
- Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Model Sources
- Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
- Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
- Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face
Full Model Architecture
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 1024, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
Usage
Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
pip install -U sentence-transformers
Then you can load this model and run inference.
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("pankajrajdeo/UMLS-Pubmed-ST-TCE-Epoch-1-QA_100K-BioASQ-Epoch_5")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'How do the structural properties of nanoporous materials influence their efficiency in catalytic reactions?',
"A highly robust cluster-based indium(III)-organic framework with efficient catalytic activity in cycloaddition of CO2 and Knoevenagel condensation. The efficient catalytic performance displayed by MOFs is decided by an appropriate charge/radius ratio of defect metal sites, large enough solvent-accessible channels and Lewis base sites capable of polarizing substrate molecules. Herein, the solvothermal self-assembly led to a highly robust nanochannel-based framework of {·2DMF·5H2O}n (NUC-66) with a 56.8% void volume, which is a combination of a tetranuclear cluster (abbreviated as {In4}) and a conjugated tetracyclic pentacarboxylic acid ligand of 4,4'-(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H5CPDD). To the best of our knowledge, NUC-66 is a rarely reported {In4}-based 3D framework with embedded hierarchical triangular-microporous (2.9 Å) and hexagonal-nanoporous (12.0 Å) channels, which are shaped by six rows of {In4} clusters. After solvent exchange and vacuum drying, the surface of nanochannels in desolvated NUC-66a is modified by unsaturated In3+ ions, Npyridine atoms and μ3-OH groups, all of which display polarization ability towards polar molecules due to their Lewis acidity or basicity. The catalytic experiments performed showed that NUC-66a had high catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides with CO2 under mild conditions, which should be ascribed to its structural advantages including nanoscale channels, rich bifunctional active sites, large surface areas and chemical stability. Moreover, NUC-66a, as a heterogeneous catalyst, could greatly accelerate the Knoevenagel condensation reactions of aldehydes and malononitrile. Hence, this work confirms that the development of rigid nanoporous cluster-based MOFs built on metal ions with a high charge and large radius ratio will be more likely to realize practical applications, such as catalysis, adsorption and separation of gas, etc.",
'Absolute quantification of dehydroacetic acid in processed foods using quantitative 1H NMR. An absolute quantification method for the determination of dehydroacetic acid in processed foods using quantitative (1)H NMR was developed and validated. The level of dehydroacetic acid was determined using the proton signals of dehydroacetic acid referenced to 1,4-bis (trimethylsilyl) benzene-d4 after simple solvent extraction from processed foods. All the recoveries from three processed foods spiked at two different concentrations were larger than 85%. The proposed method also proved to be precise, with inter-day precision and excellent linearity. The limit of quantification was confirmed as 0.13g/kg in processed foods, which is sufficiently low for the purposes of monitoring dehydroacetic acid. Furthermore, the method is rapid and easy to apply, and provides International System of Units traceability without the need for authentic analyte reference materials. Therefore, the proposed method is a useful and practical tool for determining the level of dehydroacetic acid in processed foods.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
Training Details
Training Dataset
Unnamed Dataset
- Size: 137,221 training samples
- Columns:
anchorandpositive - Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
anchor positive type string string details - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 23.82 tokens
- max: 47 tokens
- min: 27 tokens
- mean: 281.43 tokens
- max: 915 tokens
- Samples:
anchor positive How do menstrual-related factors, such as pain and cycle irregularity, impact the mental health and well-being of young women in educational settings?Determinants of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among regular undergraduate students at Hawassa University Southern, Ethiopia, 2023: institution-based cross-sectional study. BACKGROUND: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition causing severe emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms before menstruation. It greatly hinders daily activities, affecting academic and interpersonal relationships. Attention is not given to premenstrual disorders among female students in higher education. As a result, students are susceptible to stress, and their academic success is influenced by various factors, including their menstrual cycle, and the long-term outcomes and consequences are poorly researched. Even though PMDD has a significant negative impact on student's academic achievement and success limited research has been conducted in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, especially in the study setting. Therefore, a study is needed to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among regular undergraduate students at Hawassa University. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 regular undergraduate female students at Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences. A self-administered structured premenstrual symptoms screening tool for adolescents was used to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The collected data were loaded into a statistical package for the social science version 25 and analyzed using it. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Each independent variable was entered separately into bivariate analysis, and a variable with a p-value less than 0.25 were included in the multivariate analysis to adjust the possible confounders. Statistically significant was declared at a 95% confidence interval when variable with a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariate analysis with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. RESULTS: The magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 62.6% (95% CI 57.4-67.5). Having severe premenstrual pain (AOR = 6.44;95%CI 1.02-40.73), having irregular menstrual cycle (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.32-3.70), students who had poor social support (AOR = 5.10;95%CI, (2.76-12.92) and moderate social support (AOR = 4.93;95%CI (2.18-11.18), and students who used contraception (AOR = 3.76;95%CI, 2.21-6,40) were statistically significant factors with the outcome variable. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was high as compared to other studies. There was a strong link between irregular menstrual cycle, severe menstrual pain (severe dysmenorrhea), poor social support, and contraception use with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This needs early screening and intervention to prevent the complications and worsening of the symptoms that affect students' academic performance by the institution.How do sleep patterns influence cognitive function and learning in humans, and what are the broader implications for understanding neurological disorders?Neurochemical mechanisms for memory processing during sleep: basic findings in humans and neuropsychiatric implications. Sleep is essential for memory formation. Active systems consolidation maintains that memory traces that are initially stored in a transient store such as the hippocampus are gradually redistributed towards more permanent storage sites such as the cortex during sleep replay. The complementary synaptic homeostasis theory posits that weak memory traces are erased during sleep through a competitive down-selection mechanism, ensuring the brain's capability to learn new information. We discuss evidence from neuropharmacological experiments in humans to show how major neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are implicated in these memory processes. As to the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate that plays a prominent role in inducing synaptic consolidation, we show that these processes, while strengthening cortical memory traces during sleep, are insufficient to explain the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories. In the inhibitory GABAergic system, we will offer insights how drugs may alter the intricate interplay of sleep oscillations that have been identified to be crucial for strengthening memories during sleep. Regarding the dopaminergic reward system, we will show how it is engaged during sleep replay, but that dopaminergic neuromodulation likely plays a side role for enhancing relevant memories during sleep. Also, we briefly go into basic evidence on acetylcholine and cortisol whose low tone during slow wave sleep (SWS) is crucial in supporting hippocampal-to-neocortical memory transmission. Finally, we will outline how these insights can be used to improve treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders focusing mainly on anxiety disorders, depression, and addiction that are strongly related to memory processing.What are the underlying physiological mechanisms by which elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels interact with heart rate variability to increase the likelihood of cardiovascular events?The Combination of Non-dipper Heart Rate and High Brain Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Cardiovascular Events: The Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) Study. BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the association between the dipping heart rate (HR) pattern and cardiovascular (CV) events differs according to the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level. METHODS: We examined a subgroup of 1,369 patients from the Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure study; these were patients who had CV risk factors and had undergone ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. HR non-dipping status was defined as (awake HR - sleep HR)/awake HR <0.1, and high BNP was defined as ≥35 pg/ml. We divided the patients into four groups according to their HR dipper status (dipping or non-dipping) and BNP level (normal or high). RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 60 ± 30 months. The primary endpoints were fatal/nonfatal CV events (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and aortic dissection). During the follow-up period, 23 patients (2.8%) in the dipper HR with normal BNP group, 8 patients (4.4%) in the non-dipper HR with normal BNP group, 24 patients (9.5%) in the dipper HR with high-BNP group, and 25 patients (21.0%) in the non-dipper HR with high-BNP group suffered primary endpoints (log rank 78.8, P < 0.001). Non-dipper HR was revealed as an independent predictor of CV events (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-3.36; P = 0.001) after adjusting for age, gender and smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, BNP, non-dipper BP, 24-h HR, and 24-h systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of non-dipper HR and higher BNP was associated with a higher incidence of CV events. - Loss:
MultipleNegativesRankingLosswith these parameters:{ "scale": 20.0, "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" }
Evaluation Dataset
Unnamed Dataset
- Size: 15,247 evaluation samples
- Columns:
anchorandpositive - Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
anchor positive type string string details - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 24.38 tokens
- max: 46 tokens
- min: 25 tokens
- mean: 280.0 tokens
- max: 866 tokens
- Samples:
anchor positive What are the underlying mechanisms by which electroporation enhances the immunogenicity of low-dose DNA vaccines, and what implications does this have for vaccine design and efficacy?Immunotherapeutic Effects of Different Doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ag85a/b DNA Vaccine Delivered by Electroporation. Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem. New treatment methods on TB are urgently demanded. Methods: Ninety-six female BALB/c mice were challenged with 2×104 colony-forming units (CFUs) of MTB H37Rv through tail vein injection, then was treated with 10μg, 50μg, 100μg, and 200μg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) ag85a/b chimeric DNA vaccine delivered by intramuscular injection (IM) and electroporation (EP), respectively. The immunotherapeutic effects were evaluated immunologically, bacteriologically, and pathologically. Results: Compared with the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group, the CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells% in whole blood from 200 μg DNA IM group and four DNA EP groups increased significantly (P<0.05), CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells% (in 200 μg DNA EP group), CD4+IL-4+ T cells% (50 μg DNA IM group) and CD8+IL-4+ T cells% (50 μg and 100 μg DNA IM group, 100 μg and 200 μg DNA EP group) increased significantly only in a few DNA groups (P< 0.05). The CD4+CD25+ Treg cells% decreased significantly in all DNA vaccine groups (P<0.01). Except for the 10 μg DNA IM group, the lung and spleen colony-forming units (CFUs) of the other seven DNA immunization groups decreased significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01), especially the 100 μg DNA IM group and 50 μg DNA EP group significantly reduced the pulmonary bacterial loads and lung lesions than the other DNA groups. Conclusions: An MTB ag85a/b chimeric DNA vaccine could induce Th1-type cellular immune reactions. DNA immunization by EP could improve the immunogenicity of the low-dose DNA vaccine, reduce DNA dose, and produce good immunotherapeutic effects on the mouse TB model, to provide the basis for the future human clinical trial of MTB ag85a/b chimeric DNA vaccine.What is known about prostate cancer screening in the UKSupporting informed decision making online in 20 minutes: an observational web-log study of a PSA test decision aid. BACKGROUND: Web-based decision aids are known to have an effect on knowledge, attitude, and behavior; important components of informed decision making. We know what decision aids achieve in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but we still know very little about how they are used and how this relates to the informed decision making outcome measures. OBJECTIVE: To examine men's use of an online decision aid for prostate cancer screening using website transaction log files (web-logs), and to examine associations between usage and components of informed decision making. METHODS: We conducted an observational web-log analysis of users of an online decision aid, Prosdex. Men between 50 and 75 years of age were recruited for an associated RCT from 26 general practices across South Wales, United Kingdom. Men allocated to one arm of the RCT were included in the current study. Time and usage data were derived from website log files. Components of informed decision making were measured by an online questionnaire. RESULTS: Available for analysis were 82 web-logs. Overall, there was large variation in the use of Prosdex. The mean total time spent on the site was 20 minutes. The mean number of pages accessed was 32 (SD 21) out of a possible 60 pages. Significant associations were found between increased usage and increased knowledge (Spearman rank correlation [rho] = 0.69, P < .01), between increased usage and less favorable attitude towards PSA testing (rho = -0.52, P < .01), and between increased usage and reduced intention to undergo PSA testing (rho = -0.44, P < .01). A bimodal distribution identified two types of user: low access and high access users. CONCLUSIONS: Increased usage of Prosdex leads to more informed decision making, the key aim of the UK Prostate Cancer Risk Management Programme. However, developers realistically have roughly 20 minutes to provide useful information that will support informed decision making when the patient uses a web-based interface. Future decision aids need to be developed with this limitation in mind. We recommend that web-log analysis should be an integral part of online decision aid development and analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN48473735; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN48473735 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5pqeF89tS).How does early life adiposity influence long-term cardiovascular health, and what are the implications for prevention and intervention strategies?Adiposity is associated with endothelial activation in healthy 2-3 year-old children. Adiposity is associated with C-reactive protein level in healthy 2-3 year-old children and with other markers of endothelial activation in adults, but data are lacking in very young children. Data from 491 healthy Hispanic children were analyzed. Mean age was 2.7 years (SD 0.5, range 2-3 years); mean body mass index (BMI) was 17.2 kg/m2 (SD 1.9) among boys and 17.1 kg/m2 (SD 2.1) among girls. E-selectin level was associated with BMI (R = 0.11; p < 0.02), ponderal index (p < 0.02), waist circumference (p = 0.02), fasting insulin (p < 0.02), and insulin resistance (p < or = 0.05); these associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and fasting glucose. sVCAM was also associated with BMI (R = 0.12; p < 0.05). These observations indicate that adiposity is associated with inflammation and endothelial activation in very early childhood. - Loss:
MultipleNegativesRankingLosswith these parameters:{ "scale": 20.0, "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" }
Training Hyperparameters
Non-Default Hyperparameters
eval_strategy: epochper_device_train_batch_size: 128per_device_eval_batch_size: 16learning_rate: 2e-05weight_decay: 0.01num_train_epochs: 5warmup_ratio: 0.1fp16: Trueload_best_model_at_end: Trueresume_from_checkpoint: True
All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
overwrite_output_dir: Falsedo_predict: Falseeval_strategy: epochprediction_loss_only: Trueper_device_train_batch_size: 128per_device_eval_batch_size: 16per_gpu_train_batch_size: Noneper_gpu_eval_batch_size: Nonegradient_accumulation_steps: 1eval_accumulation_steps: Nonetorch_empty_cache_steps: Nonelearning_rate: 2e-05weight_decay: 0.01adam_beta1: 0.9adam_beta2: 0.999adam_epsilon: 1e-08max_grad_norm: 1.0num_train_epochs: 5max_steps: -1lr_scheduler_type: linearlr_scheduler_kwargs: {}warmup_ratio: 0.1warmup_steps: 0log_level: passivelog_level_replica: warninglog_on_each_node: Truelogging_nan_inf_filter: Truesave_safetensors: Truesave_on_each_node: Falsesave_only_model: Falserestore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: Falseno_cuda: Falseuse_cpu: Falseuse_mps_device: Falseseed: 42data_seed: Nonejit_mode_eval: Falseuse_ipex: Falsebf16: Falsefp16: Truefp16_opt_level: O1half_precision_backend: autobf16_full_eval: Falsefp16_full_eval: Falsetf32: Nonelocal_rank: 0ddp_backend: Nonetpu_num_cores: Nonetpu_metrics_debug: Falsedebug: []dataloader_drop_last: Falsedataloader_num_workers: 0dataloader_prefetch_factor: Nonepast_index: -1disable_tqdm: Falseremove_unused_columns: Truelabel_names: Noneload_best_model_at_end: Trueignore_data_skip: Falsefsdp: []fsdp_min_num_params: 0fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: Noneaccelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}deepspeed: Nonelabel_smoothing_factor: 0.0optim: adamw_torchoptim_args: Noneadafactor: Falsegroup_by_length: Falselength_column_name: lengthddp_find_unused_parameters: Noneddp_bucket_cap_mb: Noneddp_broadcast_buffers: Falsedataloader_pin_memory: Truedataloader_persistent_workers: Falseskip_memory_metrics: Trueuse_legacy_prediction_loop: Falsepush_to_hub: Falseresume_from_checkpoint: Truehub_model_id: Nonehub_strategy: every_savehub_private_repo: Falsehub_always_push: Falsegradient_checkpointing: Falsegradient_checkpointing_kwargs: Noneinclude_inputs_for_metrics: Falseeval_do_concat_batches: Truefp16_backend: autopush_to_hub_model_id: Nonepush_to_hub_organization: Nonemp_parameters:auto_find_batch_size: Falsefull_determinism: Falsetorchdynamo: Noneray_scope: lastddp_timeout: 1800torch_compile: Falsetorch_compile_backend: Nonetorch_compile_mode: Nonedispatch_batches: Nonesplit_batches: Noneinclude_tokens_per_second: Falseinclude_num_input_tokens_seen: Falseneftune_noise_alpha: Noneoptim_target_modules: Nonebatch_eval_metrics: Falseeval_on_start: Falseeval_use_gather_object: Falsebatch_sampler: batch_samplermulti_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0932 | 100 | 0.3536 | - |
| 0.1864 | 200 | 0.227 | - |
| 0.2796 | 300 | 0.1599 | - |
| 0.3728 | 400 | 0.1448 | - |
| 0.4660 | 500 | 0.1276 | - |
| 0.5592 | 600 | 0.1187 | - |
| 0.6524 | 700 | 0.1191 | - |
| 0.7456 | 800 | 0.1082 | - |
| 0.8388 | 900 | 0.1026 | - |
| 0.9320 | 1000 | 0.0991 | - |
| 1.0 | 1073 | - | 0.0138 |
| 1.0252 | 1100 | 0.089 | - |
| 1.1184 | 1200 | 0.0759 | - |
| 1.2116 | 1300 | 0.0726 | - |
| 1.3048 | 1400 | 0.075 | - |
| 1.3979 | 1500 | 0.0732 | - |
| 1.4911 | 1600 | 0.07 | - |
| 1.5843 | 1700 | 0.0706 | - |
| 1.6775 | 1800 | 0.0708 | - |
| 1.7707 | 1900 | 0.0691 | - |
| 1.8639 | 2000 | 0.0713 | - |
| 1.9571 | 2100 | 0.0626 | - |
| 2.0 | 2146 | - | 0.0115 |
| 2.0503 | 2200 | 0.0564 | - |
| 2.1435 | 2300 | 0.0547 | - |
| 2.2367 | 2400 | 0.052 | - |
| 2.3299 | 2500 | 0.0491 | - |
| 2.4231 | 2600 | 0.0542 | - |
| 2.5163 | 2700 | 0.0506 | - |
| 2.6095 | 2800 | 0.0508 | - |
| 2.7027 | 2900 | 0.0493 | - |
| 2.7959 | 3000 | 0.0537 | - |
| 2.8891 | 3100 | 0.0499 | - |
| 2.9823 | 3200 | 0.0488 | - |
| 3.0 | 3219 | - | 0.0101 |
| 3.0755 | 3300 | 0.0444 | - |
| 3.1687 | 3400 | 0.0433 | - |
| 3.2619 | 3500 | 0.0425 | - |
| 3.3551 | 3600 | 0.0412 | - |
| 3.4483 | 3700 | 0.0451 | - |
| 3.5415 | 3800 | 0.0433 | - |
| 3.6347 | 3900 | 0.0429 | - |
| 3.7279 | 4000 | 0.0423 | - |
| 3.8211 | 4100 | 0.0445 | - |
| 3.9143 | 4200 | 0.0407 | - |
| 4.0 | 4292 | - | 0.0099 |
| 4.0075 | 4300 | 0.0415 | - |
| 4.1007 | 4400 | 0.0371 | - |
| 4.1938 | 4500 | 0.0376 | - |
| 4.2870 | 4600 | 0.037 | - |
| 4.3802 | 4700 | 0.0388 | - |
| 4.4734 | 4800 | 0.0352 | - |
| 4.5666 | 4900 | 0.0367 | - |
| 4.6598 | 5000 | 0.0377 | - |
| 4.7530 | 5100 | 0.0384 | - |
| 4.8462 | 5200 | 0.0355 | - |
| 4.9394 | 5300 | 0.0415 | - |
| 5.0 | 5365 | - | 0.0098 |
Framework Versions
- Python: 3.12.2
- Sentence Transformers: 3.2.1
- Transformers: 4.44.2
- PyTorch: 2.5.0
- Accelerate: 1.0.1
- Datasets: 3.0.2
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1
Citation
BibTeX
Sentence Transformers
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
year={2017},
eprint={1705.00652},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}