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---
base_model: intfloat/multilingual-e5-small
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- cosine_accuracy_threshold
- cosine_f1
- cosine_f1_threshold
- cosine_precision
- cosine_recall
- cosine_ap
- dot_accuracy
- dot_accuracy_threshold
- dot_f1
- dot_f1_threshold
- dot_precision
- dot_recall
- dot_ap
- manhattan_accuracy
- manhattan_accuracy_threshold
- manhattan_f1
- manhattan_f1_threshold
- manhattan_precision
- manhattan_recall
- manhattan_ap
- euclidean_accuracy
- euclidean_accuracy_threshold
- euclidean_f1
- euclidean_f1_threshold
- euclidean_precision
- euclidean_recall
- euclidean_ap
- max_accuracy
- max_accuracy_threshold
- max_f1
- max_f1_threshold
- max_precision
- max_recall
- max_ap
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:2476
- loss:OnlineContrastiveLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Why do you want to be to president?
sentences:
- Can you teach me how to cook?
- Recipe for baking cookies
- Would you want to be President?
- source_sentence: What is the speed of sound in air?
sentences:
- Velocity of sound waves in the atmosphere
- What is the most delicious dish you've ever eaten and why?
- The `safe` parameter in the `to_spreadsheet` method determines if a secure conversion
is necessary for certain plant attributes to be stored in a SpreadsheetTable or
Row.
- source_sentence: How many countries are in the European Union?
sentences:
- Number of countries in the European Union
- Artist who painted the Sistine Chapel
- The RecipeManager class is employed to oversee the downloading and unpacking of
recipes.
- source_sentence: What is the currency of the United States?
sentences:
- What's the purpose of life? What is life actually about?
- Iter_zip() is employed to sequentially access and yield files inside ZIP archives.
- Official currency of the USA
- source_sentence: Who wrote the book "To Kill a Mockingbird"?
sentences:
- At what speed does light travel?
- How to set up a yoga studio?
- Who wrote the book "1984"?
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-small
results:
- task:
type: binary-classification
name: Binary Classification
dataset:
name: pair class dev
type: pair-class-dev
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Cosine Accuracy
- type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
value: 0.8267427086830139
name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
- type: cosine_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Cosine F1
- type: cosine_f1_threshold
value: 0.8267427086830139
name: Cosine F1 Threshold
- type: cosine_precision
value: 0.8809523809523809
name: Cosine Precision
- type: cosine_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Cosine Recall
- type: cosine_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Cosine Ap
- type: dot_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Dot Accuracy
- type: dot_accuracy_threshold
value: 0.8267427682876587
name: Dot Accuracy Threshold
- type: dot_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Dot F1
- type: dot_f1_threshold
value: 0.8267427682876587
name: Dot F1 Threshold
- type: dot_precision
value: 0.8809523809523809
name: Dot Precision
- type: dot_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Dot Recall
- type: dot_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Dot Ap
- type: manhattan_accuracy
value: 0.8731884057971014
name: Manhattan Accuracy
- type: manhattan_accuracy_threshold
value: 8.953017234802246
name: Manhattan Accuracy Threshold
- type: manhattan_f1
value: 0.8929663608562691
name: Manhattan F1
- type: manhattan_f1_threshold
value: 9.028047561645508
name: Manhattan F1 Threshold
- type: manhattan_precision
value: 0.8848484848484849
name: Manhattan Precision
- type: manhattan_recall
value: 0.9012345679012346
name: Manhattan Recall
- type: manhattan_ap
value: 0.9284992066218356
name: Manhattan Ap
- type: euclidean_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Euclidean Accuracy
- type: euclidean_accuracy_threshold
value: 0.5886479616165161
name: Euclidean Accuracy Threshold
- type: euclidean_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Euclidean F1
- type: euclidean_f1_threshold
value: 0.5886479616165161
name: Euclidean F1 Threshold
- type: euclidean_precision
value: 0.8809523809523809
name: Euclidean Precision
- type: euclidean_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Euclidean Recall
- type: euclidean_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Euclidean Ap
- type: max_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Max Accuracy
- type: max_accuracy_threshold
value: 8.953017234802246
name: Max Accuracy Threshold
- type: max_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Max F1
- type: max_f1_threshold
value: 9.028047561645508
name: Max F1 Threshold
- type: max_precision
value: 0.8848484848484849
name: Max Precision
- type: max_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Max Recall
- type: max_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Max Ap
- task:
type: binary-classification
name: Binary Classification
dataset:
name: pair class test
type: pair-class-test
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Cosine Accuracy
- type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
value: 0.8267427086830139
name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
- type: cosine_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Cosine F1
- type: cosine_f1_threshold
value: 0.8267427086830139
name: Cosine F1 Threshold
- type: cosine_precision
value: 0.8809523809523809
name: Cosine Precision
- type: cosine_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Cosine Recall
- type: cosine_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Cosine Ap
- type: dot_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Dot Accuracy
- type: dot_accuracy_threshold
value: 0.8267427682876587
name: Dot Accuracy Threshold
- type: dot_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Dot F1
- type: dot_f1_threshold
value: 0.8267427682876587
name: Dot F1 Threshold
- type: dot_precision
value: 0.8809523809523809
name: Dot Precision
- type: dot_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Dot Recall
- type: dot_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Dot Ap
- type: manhattan_accuracy
value: 0.8731884057971014
name: Manhattan Accuracy
- type: manhattan_accuracy_threshold
value: 8.953017234802246
name: Manhattan Accuracy Threshold
- type: manhattan_f1
value: 0.8929663608562691
name: Manhattan F1
- type: manhattan_f1_threshold
value: 9.028047561645508
name: Manhattan F1 Threshold
- type: manhattan_precision
value: 0.8848484848484849
name: Manhattan Precision
- type: manhattan_recall
value: 0.9012345679012346
name: Manhattan Recall
- type: manhattan_ap
value: 0.9284992066218356
name: Manhattan Ap
- type: euclidean_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Euclidean Accuracy
- type: euclidean_accuracy_threshold
value: 0.5886479616165161
name: Euclidean Accuracy Threshold
- type: euclidean_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Euclidean F1
- type: euclidean_f1_threshold
value: 0.5886479616165161
name: Euclidean F1 Threshold
- type: euclidean_precision
value: 0.8809523809523809
name: Euclidean Precision
- type: euclidean_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Euclidean Recall
- type: euclidean_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Euclidean Ap
- type: max_accuracy
value: 0.8768115942028986
name: Max Accuracy
- type: max_accuracy_threshold
value: 8.953017234802246
name: Max Accuracy Threshold
- type: max_f1
value: 0.8969696969696969
name: Max F1
- type: max_f1_threshold
value: 9.028047561645508
name: Max F1 Threshold
- type: max_precision
value: 0.8848484848484849
name: Max Precision
- type: max_recall
value: 0.9135802469135802
name: Max Recall
- type: max_ap
value: 0.9300650297384708
name: Max Ap
---
# SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-small
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [intfloat/multilingual-e5-small](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-small). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [intfloat/multilingual-e5-small](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-small) <!-- at revision fd1525a9fd15316a2d503bf26ab031a61d056e98 -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("srikarvar/fine_tuned_model_15")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'Who wrote the book "To Kill a Mockingbird"?',
'Who wrote the book "1984"?',
'At what speed does light travel?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)
<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>
</details>
-->
<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)
You can finetune this model on your own dataset.
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
</details>
-->
<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use
*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Binary Classification
* Dataset: `pair-class-dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:-----------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold | 0.8267 |
| cosine_f1 | 0.897 |
| cosine_f1_threshold | 0.8267 |
| cosine_precision | 0.881 |
| cosine_recall | 0.9136 |
| cosine_ap | 0.9301 |
| dot_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| dot_accuracy_threshold | 0.8267 |
| dot_f1 | 0.897 |
| dot_f1_threshold | 0.8267 |
| dot_precision | 0.881 |
| dot_recall | 0.9136 |
| dot_ap | 0.9301 |
| manhattan_accuracy | 0.8732 |
| manhattan_accuracy_threshold | 8.953 |
| manhattan_f1 | 0.893 |
| manhattan_f1_threshold | 9.028 |
| manhattan_precision | 0.8848 |
| manhattan_recall | 0.9012 |
| manhattan_ap | 0.9285 |
| euclidean_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| euclidean_accuracy_threshold | 0.5886 |
| euclidean_f1 | 0.897 |
| euclidean_f1_threshold | 0.5886 |
| euclidean_precision | 0.881 |
| euclidean_recall | 0.9136 |
| euclidean_ap | 0.9301 |
| max_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| max_accuracy_threshold | 8.953 |
| max_f1 | 0.897 |
| max_f1_threshold | 9.028 |
| max_precision | 0.8848 |
| max_recall | 0.9136 |
| **max_ap** | **0.9301** |
#### Binary Classification
* Dataset: `pair-class-test`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:-----------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold | 0.8267 |
| cosine_f1 | 0.897 |
| cosine_f1_threshold | 0.8267 |
| cosine_precision | 0.881 |
| cosine_recall | 0.9136 |
| cosine_ap | 0.9301 |
| dot_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| dot_accuracy_threshold | 0.8267 |
| dot_f1 | 0.897 |
| dot_f1_threshold | 0.8267 |
| dot_precision | 0.881 |
| dot_recall | 0.9136 |
| dot_ap | 0.9301 |
| manhattan_accuracy | 0.8732 |
| manhattan_accuracy_threshold | 8.953 |
| manhattan_f1 | 0.893 |
| manhattan_f1_threshold | 9.028 |
| manhattan_precision | 0.8848 |
| manhattan_recall | 0.9012 |
| manhattan_ap | 0.9285 |
| euclidean_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| euclidean_accuracy_threshold | 0.5886 |
| euclidean_f1 | 0.897 |
| euclidean_f1_threshold | 0.5886 |
| euclidean_precision | 0.881 |
| euclidean_recall | 0.9136 |
| euclidean_ap | 0.9301 |
| max_accuracy | 0.8768 |
| max_accuracy_threshold | 8.953 |
| max_f1 | 0.897 |
| max_f1_threshold | 9.028 |
| max_precision | 0.8848 |
| max_recall | 0.9136 |
| **max_ap** | **0.9301** |
<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations
*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->
<!--
### Recommendations
*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->
## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 2,476 training samples
* Columns: <code>label</code>, <code>sentence1</code>, and <code>sentence2</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | label | sentence1 | sentence2 |
|:--------|:------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | int | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>0: ~40.20%</li><li>1: ~59.80%</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 16.35 tokens</li><li>max: 98 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 16.06 tokens</li><li>max: 98 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| label | sentence1 | sentence2 |
|:---------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>1</code> | <code>The ImageNet dataset is used for training models to classify images into various categories.</code> | <code>A model is trained using the ImageNet dataset to classify images into distinct categories.</code> |
| <code>1</code> | <code>No, it doesn't exist in version 5.3.1.</code> | <code>Version 5.3.1 does not contain it.</code> |
| <code>0</code> | <code>Can you help me with my homework?</code> | <code>Can you do my homework for me?</code> |
* Loss: [<code>OnlineContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#onlinecontrastiveloss)
### Evaluation Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 276 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>label</code>, <code>sentence1</code>, and <code>sentence2</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 276 samples:
| | label | sentence1 | sentence2 |
|:--------|:------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | int | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>0: ~41.30%</li><li>1: ~58.70%</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.56 tokens</li><li>max: 87 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.34 tokens</li><li>max: 86 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| label | sentence1 | sentence2 |
|:---------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>0</code> | <code>What are the challenges of AI in cybersecurity?</code> | <code>How is AI used to enhance cybersecurity?</code> |
| <code>1</code> | <code>You can find the SYSTEM log documentation on the main version. Click on the provided link to redirect to the main version of the documentation.</code> | <code>The SYSTEM log documentation can be accessed by clicking on the link which will take you to the main version.</code> |
| <code>1</code> | <code>What is the capital of Italy?</code> | <code>Name the capital city of Italy</code> |
* Loss: [<code>OnlineContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#onlinecontrastiveloss)
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
</details>
### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | loss | pair-class-dev_max_ap | pair-class-test_max_ap |
|:-------:|:-------:|:-------------:|:----------:|:---------------------:|:----------------------:|
| 0 | 0 | - | - | 0.7876 | - |
| 0.2564 | 10 | 1.5794 | - | - | - |
| 0.5128 | 20 | 0.8392 | - | - | - |
| 0.7692 | 30 | 0.7812 | - | - | - |
| 1.0 | 39 | - | 0.8081 | 0.9138 | - |
| 1.0256 | 40 | 0.6505 | - | - | - |
| 1.2821 | 50 | 0.57 | - | - | - |
| 1.5385 | 60 | 0.3015 | - | - | - |
| 1.7949 | 70 | 0.3091 | - | - | - |
| 2.0 | 78 | - | 0.7483 | 0.9267 | - |
| 2.0513 | 80 | 0.3988 | - | - | - |
| 2.3077 | 90 | 0.1801 | - | - | - |
| 2.5641 | 100 | 0.1166 | - | - | - |
| 2.8205 | 110 | 0.1255 | - | - | - |
| 3.0 | 117 | - | 0.7106 | 0.9284 | - |
| 3.0769 | 120 | 0.2034 | - | - | - |
| 3.3333 | 130 | 0.0329 | - | - | - |
| 3.5897 | 140 | 0.0805 | - | - | - |
| 3.8462 | 150 | 0.0816 | - | - | - |
| **4.0** | **156** | **-** | **0.6969** | **0.9301** | **0.9301** |
* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.1.0
- Transformers: 4.41.2
- PyTorch: 2.1.2+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.34.2
- Datasets: 2.19.1
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
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