TurkishMMLU

This repository contains Code and Data Analysis of TurkishMMLU for ACL 24 SIGTURK Workshop. TurkishMMLU is a multiple-choice dataset for Turkish Natural Language Processing (NLP) community based on Turkish Highschool Curricula for nine subjects.

To access this dataset please send an email to: arda.yueksel@tum.de or akoksal@cis.lmu.de.

Abstract

Multiple choice question answering tasks evaluate the reasoning, comprehension, and mathematical abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing benchmarks employ automatic translation for multilingual evaluation, this approach is error-prone and potentially introduces culturally biased questions, especially in social sciences. We introduce the first multitask, multiple-choice Turkish QA benchmark, TurkishMMLU, to evaluate LLMs' understanding of the Turkish language. TurkishMMLU includes over 10,000 questions, covering 9 different subjects from Turkish high-school education curricula. These questions are written by curriculum experts, suitable for the high-school curricula in Turkey, covering subjects ranging from natural sciences and math questions to more culturally representative topics such as Turkish Literature and the history of the Turkish Republic. We evaluate over 20 LLMs, including multilingual open-source (e.g., Gemma, Llama, MT5), closed-source (GPT 4o, Claude, Gemini), and Turkish-adapted (e.g., Trendyol) models. We provide an extensive evaluation, including zero-shot and few-shot evaluation of LLMs, chain-of-thought reasoning, and question difficulty analysis along with model performance. We provide an in-depth analysis of the Turkish capabilities and limitations of current LLMs to provide insights for future LLMs for the Turkish language. We publicly release our code for the dataset and evaluation

Dataset

Dataset is divided into four categories Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Language, and Social Sciences and Humanities with a total of nine subjects in Turkish highschool education. It is available in multiple choice for LLM evaluation. The questions also contain difficulty indicator referred as Correctness ratio.

Evaluation

5-Shot evaluation results from the paper includes open and closed source SOTA LLM with different architectures. For this study, multilingual and Turkish adapted models are tested.

Model	Source	Average	Natural Sciences	Math	Turkish L & L	Social Sciences and Humanities
GPT 4o	Closed	83.1	75.3	59.0	82.0	95.3
Claude-3 Opus	Closed	79.1	71.7	59.0	77.0	90.3
GPT 4-turbo	Closed	75.7	70.3	57.0	67.0	86.5
Llama-3 70B-IT	Closed	67.3	56.7	42.0	57.0	84.3
Claude-3 Sonnet	Closed	67.3	67.3	44.0	58.0	75.5
Llama-3 70B	Open	66.1	56.0	37.0	57.0	83.3
Claude-3 Haiku	Closed	65.4	57.0	40.0	61.0	79.3
Gemini 1.0-pro	Closed	63.2	52.7	29.0	63.0	79.8
C4AI Command-r+	Open	60.6	50.0	26.0	57.0	78.0
Aya-23 35B	Open	55.6	43.3	31.0	49.0	72.5
C4AI Command-r	Open	54.9	44.7	29.0	49.0	70.5
Mixtral 8x22B	Open	54.8	45.3	27.0	49.0	70.3
GPT 3.5-turbo	Closed	51.0	42.7	39.0	35.0	61.8
Llama-3 8B-IT	Open	46.4	36.7	29.0	39.0	60.0
Llama-3 8B	Open	46.2	37.3	30.0	33.0	60.3
Mixtral 8x7B-IT	Open	45.2	41.3	28.0	39.0	54.0
Aya-23 8B	Open	45.0	39.0	23.0	31.0	58.5
Gemma 7B	Open	43.6	34.3	22.0	47.0	55.0
Aya-101	Open	40.7	31.3	24.0	38.0	55.0
Trendyol-LLM 7B-C-D	Open	34.1	30.3	22.0	28.0	41.5
mT0-xxl	Open	33.9	29.3	28.0	21.0	42.0
Mistral 7B-IT	Open	32.0	34.3	26.0	38.0	30.3
Llama-2 7B	Open	22.3	25.3	20.0	20.0	19.8
mT5-xxl	Open	18.1	19.3	24.0	14.0	16.8

Citation

@misc{yüksel2024turkishmmlumeasuringmassivemultitask,
title={TurkishMMLU: Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding in Turkish},
author={Arda Yüksel and Abdullatif Köksal and Lütfi Kerem Şenel and Anna Korhonen and Hinrich Schütze},
year={2024},
eprint={2407.12402},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12402},
}