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Betulin is a natural product found in Acanthus ilicifolius, Bowdichia virgilioides, and other organisms with data available. | 白桦脂醇（英語：Betulin，也译作桦木醇）是一种天然的羽扇豆烷型五环三萜化合物，大量存在于桦树的树皮中，比如占到垂枝桦（Betula pendula）树皮干重的30%，白樺茸（Inonotus obliquus）和红桤木（Alnus rubra）也有白桦脂醇。 | 1 |
Emtricitabine is an organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It has a role as an antiviral drug and a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is a pyrimidone, an organofluorine compound, a monothioacetal and a nucleoside analogue. | 米托蒽醌（英語：Mitoxantrone）是一种蒽醌类（与蒽环类药物类似但不同）化疗药物。 | 0 |
Pyrazole is an organic compound with the formula (CH)3N2H. It is a heterocycle characterized as an azole with a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazole itself has few applications but many substituted pyrazoles are of commercial interest. | 舒马曲坦 （英語：Sumatriptan，或译为舒马普坦、英明格）是一种曲坦类药物，用于治疗偏頭痛。在结构上，舒马曲坦和蟾毒色胺、5-甲氧基二甲基色胺一样是一种生物碱——二甲基色胺（DMT）的衍生物，其特点是二甲基N-乙酰基团连在吲哚环的5号位C上。 | 0 |
Thioanisole is an aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group. It is an aryl sulfide and a member of benzenes. It is functionally related to a thiophenol. | 膽固醇是法國醫生 François Poulletier de la Salle 於1784年在膽結石發現。其英文命名 cholesterol 為希臘文的chole-（膽汁）加上 stereos（固體），再加上其化學結構中有羥基，故再接上 -ol 在結尾。膽固醇在人體內擔當重要角色，可說是與生命現象息息相關的重要化合物。 | 0 |
Dimethyl sulfide is a methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae. It has a role as a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite, a marine metabolite, an EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor, an algal metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. | 氨磺必利（INN：amisulpride），又译阿米舒必利，它是一种治疗精神分裂症的抗精神病药。在意大利，它也被以每天50mg的剂量来治疗心境恶劣。通常地，它被归为第二代抗精神病药，就是所谓的非典型抗精神病药。化学上来说，它属于苯甲酰胺类的，同其它的苯甲酰胺类抗精神病药（例如舒必利）相似，它有可能会提高泌乳素的分泌的水平并升高血清泌乳素的量，从而导致没有月經週期、乳房增大（甚至对于男性而言也会这样）、在没有哺乳的情况下泌乳、生育力受损、勃起功能障碍和乳房疼痛等，而且在很低的概率下，它会像典型抗精神病药一样引起运动障碍。同典型抗精神病药相比，它对与精神分裂的疗效稍微好一些。
同多数其他的被批准的抗精神病药一样，氨磺必利被认为是通过减少多巴胺D2受体的信号传导而起作用的。对于氨磺必利而言，这是通过阻断或拮抗受体而做到的。氨磺必利治疗心境恶劣和精神分裂的阴性症状的功效据信是由于它阻断了突触前D2受体，使多巴胺脱抑制性释放，升高浓度的多巴胺作用于D1受体，从而缓解心境恶劣以及精神分裂的阴性症状。
它由Sanofi-Avents在1990年代推向市场。它的专利已于2008年过期，因此现在有了通用名药物。它在除了加拿大和美国之外的所有英语国家出售。 | 0 |
Dexamethasone is a fluorinated steroid that is 9-fluoropregna-1,4-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21, a methyl group at position 16 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a synthetic member of the class of glucocorticoids. It has a role as an adrenergic agent, an antiemetic, an antineoplastic agent, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, an immunosuppressive agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It is a fluorinated steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, a glucocorticoid, a 20-oxo steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and a 21-hydroxy steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | 製劑為藥片，每片含2mg、4mg或8mg馬來酸罗格列酮（Rosiglitazone maleate）。 | 0 |
Glycolonitrile, also called hydroxyacetonitrile or formaldehyde cyanohydrin, is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CN. It is the simplest cyanohydrin and it is derived from formaldehyde. It is a colourless liquid that dissolves in water and ether. Because glycolonitrile decomposes readily into formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide, it is listed as an extremely hazardous substance. In January 2019, astronomers reported the detection of glycolonitrile, another possible building block of life among other such molecules, in outer space. | 肌酸（英語：creatine）是脊椎动物肌肉等组织中贮存高能磷酸键的物质，属一种含氮有机酸，可以促进ATP的循环利用，进而快速提供肌肉和神经细胞能量。
米歇尔·欧仁·谢弗勒尔于1832年首次在骨骼肌中发现肌酸。而后，根据希腊语「κρέας」（kreas，肉），命名为“creatine”。 | 0 |
Benzyl mercaptan is a natural product found in Mephitis mephitis with data available. | 茵陈二炔酮存在于在许多蒿属物种（如龍蒿 Artemisia dracunculus ）提取的精油中。这一化合物最早于1956年在茵蔯蒿（Artemisia capillaris ）中分离。 | 0 |
Nepafenac, sold under the brand name Nevanac among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), usually sold as a prescription eye drop 0.1% solution (Nevanac) or 0.3% solution (Ilevro). It is used to treat pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. Nepafenac is a prodrug of amfenac, an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 activity. | 3-氯苯甲酸是一种有机化合物，化学式为ClC6H4CO2H。它是白色固体，可溶于碱的水溶液和一些有机溶剂。
3-氯苯甲酸可由3-氯甲苯的氧化反应合成。它可以通过电化学还原反应得到苯甲酸。 | 0 |
Tetradecane is a straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. | 过二硫酸（或称为“过氧二硫酸”、“过硫酸”或“马歇尔酸”）是一种硫的含氧酸，分子式为H2S2O8。其结构可以表示为HO3SOOSO3H。虽然过二硫酸分子中的硫的氧化态为+6，但因为该分子中还具有类似过氧根的结构，所以其表现出比硫酸根更高的氧化态。过二硫酸常态下为固体，加热熔化时易分解。过二硫酸的盐称为过二硫酸盐。
过二硫酸易溶于水并具有吸水性，在热溶液中易发生水解，先后产生过一硫酸与过氧化氢。过二硫酸具有不稳定性，在室温下可以缓慢分解，放出氧气。过二硫酸具有强氧化性，能将氯离子等卤素离子氧化成卤素单质、氨氧化成氮气、将苯胺氧化成苯胺黑，与乙醇、乙醚等有机物作用会发生爆炸。过二硫酸的氧化性弱于过一硫酸。 | 0 |
Oxacillin (trade name Bactocill) is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class developed by Beecham.
It was patented in 1960 and approved for medical use in 1962. | 硒酸是一种无机酸，化学式为H2SeO4。它是硒的含氧酸，它的结构可以更准确地被描述为(HO)2SeO2。
根据价层电子对互斥理论的推测，中心的硒是四面体的，其中Se-O键长为161pm。它在固态为斜方晶系的晶体。 | 0 |
Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that contains a benzene ring with an isopropyl substituent. It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. It is a flammable colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 152 °C. Nearly all the cumene that is produced as a pure compound on an industrial scale is converted to cumene hydroperoxide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of other industrially important chemicals, primarily phenol and acetone (known as the cumene process). | 该物质是一种橙色的固体，微溶于水（136 mg·l−1），在沸水及稀酸中稳定。由于该物质极甜，并且尝后无苦感，以及在沸水温度下稳定存在的特性，曾经作为一种人造甜味剂使用。由于它可能具有毒性，因此在许多国家已被禁止作为食品添加剂使用。
例如在美国，如果往食品中添加，或者存在可检出水平的5-硝基-2-丙氧基苯胺，会被认为掺假。这种行为违反了1950年1月19日美国联邦纪事文库中公开的一条法令（美国食品药品管理局条令，15 FR 321）。 | 0 |
Acrolein is an enal that is prop-2-ene with an oxo group at position 1. It has a role as a toxin, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a herbicide. | 尼莫拉唑（INN：nimorazole，开发代号：K-1900），分子式C9H14N4O3，是一种5-硝基咪唑抗寄生虫药，也用作頭頸癌药物。 | 0 |
Acetaldehyde is the aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor, a carcinogenic agent, a mutagen, a teratogenic agent, an oxidising agent, an electron acceptor, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. | 诺乙雄龙（英語：Norethandrolone）是一种以19-去甲孕烷为骨架的合成代谢类固醇. 在1965年FDA批准药物上市销售商品名Nilevar，在荷尔蒙不足、严重烧伤患者的治疗、严重创伤后、再生障碍性贫血等方面作为雄激素合法使用。现在只有澳大利亚，法国和瑞士市场上有销售。 | 0 |
Calcium sulfate is a calcium salt and an inorganic calcium salt. | 蠅蕈素（英語：muscimol、agarin、pantherine）是出現於大多數鵝膏菌屬菇類的精神性生物鹼，為γ-氨基丁酸A型受體的促效劑，並且會產生鎮靜安眠的效果。 | 0 |
Propyl gallate is a natural product found in Zea mays, Alchornea glandulosa, and Mangifera indica with data available. | 樟腦，IUPAC名称1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-酮，是一種萜類有机化合物，室温下为白色或透明的蜡状固体，可用於驅離蠹魚，但對蟑螂、蚊子等居家常見生物沒有顯著驅離作用。在歷史上，樟腦使用在製藥用途，也是重要的軍火及工業原料。在塑膠石化工業尚未普及時，樟腦為製作塑化材質重要的原料，如賽璐珞底片。諾貝爾以樟腦為原料研製出了威力更強的新式火藥「無煙火藥」在1887年取得專利，使樟腦成為國際貿易中關注的重要資源。
樟腦提煉自樟樹幹中，樹齡越老的樟樹所富含的樟腦比例越多。提煉方法為將樹幹切成小塊用水蒸餾，樟腦油受熱後隨著水蒸汽上升，在接触到預先放置在上方的陶缸冷卻後便可形成樟腦。
台灣早期北部、中部山林多為原始樟樹林，老樟樹樹齡千年以上者甚多，在十九世紀後半葉及二十世紀初，台灣山林的樟樹林成為國際貿易中關注的重要資源。漢人巨商墾民、英國商人、清廷政府、日本政府先後在台灣大量砍伐樟腦輸出，台灣樟腦輸出量在日治時曾達世界首位，有“樟腦王國”之称。
過去使用的樟腦丸多使用萘與萘酚，因此又稱為萘丸；由于萘有一定毒性且可能致癌，現在則大部分被對二氯苯所取代，而不使用樟脑。 | 0 |
Phosphane is the simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent and a fumigant insecticide. It is a member of phosphanes, a phosphine and a mononuclear parent hydride. It is a conjugate base of a phosphonium. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphanide. | 殺螟硫磷（英語：Phenitrothion）是一种价格低廉且在世界范围内广泛使用的硫代磷酸酯（有机磷酸酯）杀虫剂。 | 0 |
Erlotinib, sold under the brand name Tarceva among others, is a medication used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. Specifically it is used for NSCLC with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) — either an exon 19 deletion (del19) or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutation — which has spread to other parts of the body. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include rash, diarrhea, muscle pain, joint pain, and cough. Serious side effects may include lung problems, kidney problems, liver failure, gastrointestinal perforation, stroke, and corneal ulceration. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby. It is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
Erlotinib was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 巴卡亭III（Baccatin III），又名巴卡廷III、浆果赤霉素III，是一种可用作合成紫杉烷类药物的原料的二萜类化合物。 | 0 |
Hexyl acetate is an ester with the molecular formula C8H16O2. It is mainly used as a solvent for resins, polymers, fats and oils. It is also used as a paint additive to improve its dispersion on a surface.
Hexyl acetate is also used as a flavoring because of its fruity odor, and it is naturally present in many fruits (such as apples and plums) as well as alcoholic beverages. | 磺胺吡啶是一种磺胺类药物，其INN名称是“Sulfapyridine”。该药物可用于治疗由细菌感染的皮肤病等疾病。该药物在血液中的半衰期未知（如是），在大鼠（经口服）体内的LD50（半致死量）为15800 mg/kg。该药物已不再于临床上使用。 | 0 |
Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a vein, and as an eye drop.
Common side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. Severe side effects may include spontaneous tendon ruptures, nerve damage, and worsening of myasthenia gravis. Safety of use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear. Moxifloxacin is in the fluoroquinolone family of medications. It usually kills bacteria by blocking their ability to duplicate DNA.
Moxifloxacin was patented in 1988 and approved for use in the United States in 1999. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 286th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions. | 本胆烷醇酮（英語：Etiocholanolone，也叫做5β-雄酮 5β-androsterone，全称3α-羟-5β-雄烷-17-酮 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one，或者本胆烷-3α-醇-17-酮 etiocholan-3α-ol-17-one）是一种本胆烷（5β-雄烷）衍生的甾体物质，也是一种内源性的17-甾酮，可由睾酮的代谢产生。本胆烷醇酮可引起发热，增强免疫，白细胞增多，也用于评估肾上腺皮质功能，骨髓功能，以及在肿瘤疾病中刺激免疫系统的功能。本胆烷醇酮还可以作为雄烷类甾体激素的抑制剂，以及GABAA受体的别构调节剂，还能作为抗惊厥药。 | 0 |
Diazomethane is the simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group. It has a role as an alkylating agent, an antineoplastic agent, a carcinogenic agent and a poison. | 雌四醇（英語：Estetrol 或 oestetrol，缩写E4）是一种较弱的雌激素，只在怀孕期间能被探测到，是由胎兒肝臟产生的。雌四醇和雌三醇结构上类似，都是较弱的雌激素，且都在孕期高表达。 | 0 |
Terodiline is a diarylmethane. | 磷酸吡哆醛（pyridoxal phosphate，PLP）是维生素B6的活性形式。这种维生素主要包括三种天然有机化合物：吡哆醛、吡哆胺与吡哆醇。磷酸吡哆醛参与催化的几种反应有：转氨基作用、α-脱羧作用、β-脱羧作用、β-消除作用、γ-消除作用、消旋作用以及羟醛反应。 | 0 |
Camphor is a cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. A naturally occurring monoterpenoid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a bornane monoterpenoid and a cyclic monoterpene ketone. | 樟腦，IUPAC名称1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-酮，是一種萜類有机化合物，室温下为白色或透明的蜡状固体，可用於驅離蠹魚，但對蟑螂、蚊子等居家常見生物沒有顯著驅離作用。在歷史上，樟腦使用在製藥用途，也是重要的軍火及工業原料。在塑膠石化工業尚未普及時，樟腦為製作塑化材質重要的原料，如賽璐珞底片。諾貝爾以樟腦為原料研製出了威力更強的新式火藥「無煙火藥」在1887年取得專利，使樟腦成為國際貿易中關注的重要資源。
樟腦提煉自樟樹幹中，樹齡越老的樟樹所富含的樟腦比例越多。提煉方法為將樹幹切成小塊用水蒸餾，樟腦油受熱後隨著水蒸汽上升，在接触到預先放置在上方的陶缸冷卻後便可形成樟腦。
台灣早期北部、中部山林多為原始樟樹林，老樟樹樹齡千年以上者甚多，在十九世紀後半葉及二十世紀初，台灣山林的樟樹林成為國際貿易中關注的重要資源。漢人巨商墾民、英國商人、清廷政府、日本政府先後在台灣大量砍伐樟腦輸出，台灣樟腦輸出量在日治時曾達世界首位，有“樟腦王國”之称。
過去使用的樟腦丸多使用萘與萘酚，因此又稱為萘丸；由于萘有一定毒性且可能致癌，現在則大部分被對二氯苯所取代，而不使用樟脑。 | 1 |
Galactitol is an optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. | 原硅酸（H4SiO4）是二氧化硅（SiO2）的水合物。H4SiO4不稳定，容易分解成为偏矽酸（H2SiO3）。它可以在硅酸四乙酯的水解中生成。 | 0 |
Tetraethyllead is an organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom. It derives from a hydride of a plumbane. | 倍硫磷（英語：Fenthion），学名O,O-二甲基-O-(3-甲基-4-甲硫基苯基)硫代磷酸酯，是一种有机磷杀虫剂。 | 0 |
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication. It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure. Medically, it is given by injection or inhalation. Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours.
Common side effects from medical use include electrolyte problems and dehydration. Other serious side effects may include worsening heart failure and kidney problems. It is unclear if use is safe in pregnancy. Mannitol is in the osmotic diuretic family of medications and works by pulling fluid from the brain and eyes.
The discovery of mannitol is attributed to Joseph Louis Proust in 1806. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally made from the flowering ash and called manna due to its supposed resemblance to the Biblical food. Mannitol is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned substances list due to concerns that it may mask prohibited drugs. | 比川九节木定碱（英語：Psychotridine），简称九节定，是存在于一些九节属植物中的生物碱，包括P. colorata、P. forsteriana、P. lyciiflora、 P. oleoides和P. beccarioides。其具有镇痛作用，为非竞争性NMDA受体拮抗剂，在体外能抑制地佐环平与皮质膜结合，且这种抑制作用具有剂量依赖性。 | 0 |
1,2-dichlorobenzene is a dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. It has a role as a hepatotoxic agent and a metabolite. | 亚碲酸钾是钾的亚碲酸盐，化学式 K2TeO3，通常以三水合物的形式存在。 | 0 |
Flomoxef is a second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a N-acyl-amino acid, an oxacephem and an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic. | 齊多夫定（英語：zidovudine），也稱疊氮胸苷（英語：azidothymidine），簡稱 ZDV 或 AZT，是一種抗反轉錄病毒藥物，用於治療或預防愛滋病，通常會建議搭配其他抗反轉錄病毒藥物一起使用。齊多夫定可用於預防垂直感染，像是遭遇針刺意外或其他潛在暴露時。此藥可單獨販售，也綜合為卡貝茲（拉米夫定及齊多夫定組成）、阿巴卡維/拉米夫定/齊多夫定一起販售。此藥的給藥方式為口服或慢慢靜脈注射
常見的副作用有頭痛、發燒和噁心。嚴重的副作用有肝病、肌肉受損和乳酸性酸中毒。在懷孕時可以使用，目前認為這個藥物對胎兒是安全的。齊多夫定屬於逆轉錄酶抑制劑類別，效用來自抑制反轉錄酶這個酵素，讓愛滋病沒有辦法製造出遺傳物質 (DNA)，使得病毒的增殖降少。
齊多夫定問世於 1964 年，1987 年通過美國審核，是第一種用於治療愛滋病的藥物。現已名列於世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，是醫療系統中最為安全有效的藥物之一，並已有學名藥問世。在發展中國家，單月批發價約為 5.10 美元到 25.60 美元之譜，截至 2015 年，通常在美國一個月份的藥費超過 200 美元。 | 0 |
Malononitrile is a dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups. It is a dinitrile and an aliphatic nitrile. | 硫酸铍是一种无机化合物，化学式为BeSO4，它通常以四水合物[Be(H2O)4]SO4的形式存在，为无色晶体。硫酸铍最早于1815年被永斯·贝采利乌斯发现。 硫酸铍易溶于水，微溶于浓硫酸。 | 0 |
2-Methylbutanoic acid is a natural product found in Francisella tularensis, Angelica gigas, and other organisms with data available. | 它用于医学上用于治疗急性偏头痛发作（有时与咖啡因共用）。麦角真菌的药物使用始于16世纪诱导分娩，但其剂量的不确定性阻止了使用。它已被用于防止产后出血（分娩后出血）。它首先在1918年被Sandoz的Arthur Stoll从麦角真菌中分离出来，1921年以商品名Gynergen销售. | 0 |
Pimelic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is pentane with two carboxylic acid groups at positions C-1 and C-5. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a pimelate and a pimelate(1-). | 非那西丁（Phenacetin，或譯非那西汀），化学式C10H13NO2，在室溫是白色結晶固體，熔點約134℃，是一種在許多國家被禁售的藥物。 | 0 |
Solamargine is an azaspiro compound, a steroid and an oxaspiro compound. | 澳洲茄边碱是一種有毒的化學物質，會出現在茄科植物中，例如發芽的馬鈴薯、未成熟的蕃茄及茄子等，未成熟的龍葵果實也有澳洲茄边碱。澳洲茄边碱是一種衍生自澳洲茄胺的糖苷生物碱。
澳洲茄边碱也是一種不成功的抗癌用藥Coramsine中的成份之一，另一種主要成份是澳洲茄碱。Coramsine只進行到初步臨床試驗，因結果不夠充份而停止開發。 | 1 |
Benzonitrile is a natural product found in Arctostaphylos uva-ursi with data available. | 氯乙烷或一氯乙烷，是一种无色可燃气体，分子式为C2H5Cl，缩写为EtCl。 | 0 |
Primaquine is an N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. It has a role as an antimalarial. It is an aminoquinoline, a N-substituted diamine and an aromatic ether. | 1946 年，普來馬奎寧問世；名列世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，認可為醫療系統中最安全有效的藥品，市面上可取得其學名藥。在發展中國家的批發價為單日 0.04 美元到 0.11 美元，在美國，整套療程的藥費為 50 美元到 100 美元。 | 1 |
Escitalopram is a 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram. It has a role as an antidepressant and an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of an escitalopram(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-citalopram. | 六氟化碲是一种无机化合物，化学式为TeF6。它是无色、高毒的气体，有恶臭气味。 | 0 |
Isocyanic acid is a colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology. It is a hydracid and a one-carbon compound. It is a conjugate acid of a cyanate. It is a tautomer of a cyanic acid. | 二亚乙基三胺（简称DETA，又称二乙烯三胺、二(2-氨基乙基)胺、2,2'-氨亚基二(乙胺)）是一种有机化合物，化学式为HN(CH2CH2NH2)2。这种无色吸湿液体可溶于水和极性有机溶剂，但不溶于低级碳氢化合物。二乙烯三胺是二甘醇的结构类似物。它的化学性质与乙二胺相似，用途也相像。它是弱碱，水溶液呈碱性。DETA是从1,2-二氯乙烷生产乙二胺的副产品。 | 0 |
Phalloidin is a homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge. | 腸二醇是一種有機化合物，化學式為 [HOC6H4CH2CH(CH2OH)]2。 | 0 |
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. In liquid form, H2O is also called "water" at standard temperature and pressure.
Because Earth's environment is relatively close to water's triple point, water exists on Earth as a solid, a liquid, and a gas. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor.
Water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface, with seas and oceans making up most of the water volume (about 96.5%). Small portions of water occur as groundwater (1.7%), in the glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland (1.7%), and in the air as vapor, clouds (consisting of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation (0.001%). Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea.
Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70% of the fresh water used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies has been, and continues to be, a major source of food for many parts of the world, providing 6.5% of global protein. Much of the long-distance trade of commodities (such as oil, natural gas, and manufactured products) is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and canals. Large quantities of water, ice, and steam are used for cooling and heating in industry and homes. Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of substances, both mineral and organic; as such, it is widely used in industrial processes and in cooking and washing. Water, ice, and snow are also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment, such as swimming, pleasure boating, boat racing, surfing, sport fishing, diving, ice skating, snowboarding, and skiing. | 2-甲基吡啶是一种有机物，化学式为C6H7N。它是无色液体，有着强烈的不愉快吡啶味。它主要用于合成乙烯基吡啶以及农用化学品nitrapyrin。 | 0 |
Mycothiol (MSH or AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is an unusual thiol compound found in the Actinomycetota. It is composed of a cysteine residue with an acetylated amino group linked to glucosamine, which is then linked to inositol. The oxidized, disulfide form of mycothiol (MSSM) is called mycothione, and is reduced to mycothiol by the flavoprotein mycothione reductase. Mycothiol biosynthesis and mycothiol-dependent enzymes such as mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase and mycothione reductase have been proposed to be good drug targets for the development of treatments for tuberculosis. | 甲基膦酸是一种有机磷化合物，化学式为CH3P(O)(OH)2。中心的磷原子是三角锥形，与一个甲基、两个氢氧基和一个氧原子键合。甲基膦酸是一种不易挥发的白色固体，难溶于有机溶剂，但可溶于水和常见醇。 | 0 |
Calcium citrate is an organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a food additive, a food preservative and a flavouring agent. It contains a citrate(3-). | 预苯酸（英語：Prephenic acid）是莽草酸途径的一种中间体，用于芳香族氨基酸（仅苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸，色氨酸的合成不经过预苯酸）以及许多次生代谢产物的生物合成。
预苯酸的生物合成由分支酸通过 [3,3]-σ克莱森重排生成。 | 0 |
Dipyridamole is a pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. It has a role as an adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a vasodilator agent. It is a member of piperidines, a pyrimidopyrimidine, a tertiary amino compound and a tetrol. | 伞菌氨酸（英語：Agaritine，AGT），是一种存在于伞菌属真菌中的芳香联氨类真菌毒素。其为α-氨基酸的苯肼衍生物。 | 0 |
Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) is an organic compound in the class known as isocyanates. More specifically, it is an aliphatic diisocyanate. It is produced in relatively small quantities, accounting for (with hexamethylene diisocyanate) only 3.4% of the global diisocyanate market in the year 2000. Aliphatic diisocyanates are used, not in the production of polyurethane foam, but in special applications, such as enamel coatings which are resistant to abrasion and degradation from ultraviolet light. These properties are particularly desirable in, for instance, the exterior paint applied to aircraft. | 噻奈普汀由法国医学研究学会于1960年代发现并获得专利。今天，噻奈普汀在法国获得批准，由Laboratoires Servier SA生产和销售。它还在许多其它欧洲国家以商品名Coaxil，以及在亚洲（包括新加坡）和拉丁美洲以商品名Stablon和Tatinol销售，但噻奈普汀不在澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、英国或美国销售。 | 0 |
Santonin is a natural product found in Artemisia diffusa, Artemisia herba-alba, and other organisms with data available. | 栀子苷（geniposide），又称为京尼平苷，分子式C17H24O10；其苷元为京尼平（genipin），是一种环烯醚萜葡萄糖苷类，主要存在于栀子、杜仲等植物中。京尼平作为天然交联剂，具有良好生物学活性。 | 0 |
Chlorobenzene is the simplest member of the class of monochlorobenzenes, that is benzene in which a single hydrogen has been substituted by a chlorine. It has a role as a solvent. | 去甲槟榔次碱（英语：Guvacine），别名四氢烟酸，是一种在槟榔中发现的氢化吡啶生物碱。它是槟榔次碱的N-去甲基化衍生物和去甲槟榔碱的酯水解产物，两者均存在于槟榔中。它也是γ-氨基丁酸摄取的抑制剂。据说石灰可以将去甲槟榔碱水解为去甲槟榔次碱。 | 0 |
Sulfamethoxazole is an isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antiinfective agent, an epitope, an EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent, a P450 inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a drug allergen. It is a sulfonamide, a member of isoxazoles, a substituted aniline and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide. | 2,3,6-三甲基苯酚是一种有机化合物，化学式为(CH3)3C6H2OH，它是维生素E的前体。
它在工业上可由间甲酚和甲醇在固体酸催化剂存在下的甲基化反应制得。它可以被过氧化氢氧化为2,3,5-三甲基-1,4-苯醌。 | 0 |
Cortisone is a C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 17 and 21 and oxo group at positions 3, 11 and 20. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, an 11-oxo steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a C21-steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a glucocorticoid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | 嘧（mì）啶（dìng）（英語：Pyrimidine）是一种杂环化合物，分子式為C4H4N2。嘧啶由2个氮原子取代苯分子间位上的2个碳形成，是一种二嗪。和吡啶一样，嘧啶保留了芳香性。 | 0 |
2-furoic acid is a furoic acid having the carboxylic acid group located at position 2. It has a role as an inhibitor, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite and a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-furoate. | 糠酸（化学式：C5H4O3）是白色单斜长梭形结晶。1g糠酸可溶于26ml冷水或4ml沸水，易溶于乙醇和乙醚。在130-140℃（6.65-8kPa）升华。可用于合成甲基呋喃，糠酰胺及糠酸酯和盐。在塑料工业中可用于增塑剂，热固性树脂等。在食品工业中用作防腐剂，也用作涂料添加剂、医药与香料等的中间体。由糠醛经空气氧化而得。 | 1 |
Telbivudine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is the L-enantiomer of thymine. A synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV DNA polymerase. It has a role as an antiviral drug and an EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a thymine. It is an enantiomer of a thymidine. | 替比夫定（英語：Telbivudine）是一种含氮有机化合物，分子式C10H14N2O5，属于逆转录酶抑制剂类抗病毒药物，用于乙型肝炎治疗。 | 1 |
Temozolomide, sold under the brand name Temodar among others, is an anticancer medication used to treat brain tumors such as glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. It is taken by mouth or via intravenous infusion.
The most common side effects with temozolomide are nausea, vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, alopecia (hair loss), headache, fatigue, convulsions (seizures), rash, neutropenia or lymphopenia (low white-blood-cell counts), and thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts). People receiving the solution for infusion may also have injection-site reactions, such as pain, irritation, itching, warmth, swelling and redness, as well as bruising.
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent used to treat serious brain cancers; most commonly as second-line treatments for astrocytoma and as the first-line treatment for glioblastoma. Olaparib in combination with temozolomide demonstrated substantial clinical activity in relapsed small cell lung cancer. It is available as a generic medication. | 石梓醇（英语：Gmelinol）是一种木脂素。(+)-石梓醇可以从云南石梓的心材中分离出来。该化合物与在同一物种中发现的其他四种化学物质（(+)-7′-O-ethyl arboreol、(+)-泡桐素、(+)-表桉脂素和(−)-β-谷固醇）显示出抗真菌活性对抗云芝。 | 0 |
Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor and used for cardiovascular diseases, including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include headache, feeling tired, diarrhea, and swelling in the legs. More severe side effects include worsening asthma, blocking the ability to recognize low blood sugar, and worsening heart failure. There are concerns that use during pregnancy may be harmful to the baby.
Bisoprolol was patented in 1976 and approved for medical use in 1986. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1992.
Bisoprolol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines and is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 249th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. | 四乙基铵阳离子 ，化学式N(C2H5)+4或NEt+4，是一种季铵阳离子，由四个乙基和氮阳离子组成。四乙基铵盐则是四乙基铵阳离子形成的盐。它是研究实验室中用来制备无机离子脂质盐的一种平衡离子。它的用处类似四丁基铵盐，不过四乙基铵盐的亲脂性更低，更易结晶。 | 0 |
2-phenylethylamine is a phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a phenylethylamine, an aralkylamine and an alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a 2-phenylethanaminium. | 七氟醚（英語：Sevoflurane）為一種非易燃、氣味香甜的鹵代醚麻醉藥，可以誘導和維持全身麻醉。其藥力起效和消退速度甚快，僅次於地氟醚。本藥通常與笑氣和氧氣混合後，以吸入形式施用。
七氟醚的安全記錄良好，但可能對嬰幼兒構成神經毒性，及在罕見情況下導致類似氟烷的肝毒性問題，引起了醫學界的關注。由於對氣道粘膜的刺激性較低，七氟醚成為了誘導麻醉的首選用藥。 | 0 |
Ipronidazole is a C-nitro compound and a member of imidazoles. | 咖啡因是一种中枢神经兴奋剂，能暫時地驱走睡意并恢复精力，所以人们在从事思考、阅读、会议等脑力劳动时，有时会选择摄入咖啡因来提神。有咖啡因成分的咖啡、茶、软饮料及能量饮料十分畅销，因此也有一定的成癮性（Coffee addiction），咖啡因也是世界上最普遍被使用的精神药品。在北美，90%成年人每天都會需要攝食咖啡因。 | 0 |
Nobiletin is a natural product found in Citrus leiocarpa, Plenodomus tracheiphilus, and other organisms with data available. | 棕榈酸乙酯（英語：Ethyl palmitate）是一种有机化合物，化学式C18H36O2，可看作棕櫚酸（十六酸）与乙醇形成的羧酸酯，在标准状况下为无色固体。它在氢氧化钠的乙醇水溶液中水解，酸化后可以得到棕櫚酸。 | 0 |
Thiamphenicol (also known as thiophenicol and dextrosulphenidol) is an antibiotic. It is the methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol and has a similar spectrum of activity, but is 2.5 to 5 times as potent. Like chloramphenicol, it is insoluble in water, but highly soluble in lipids. It is used in many countries as a veterinary antibiotic, but is available in China, Morocco and Italy for use in humans. Its main advantage over chloramphenicol is that it has never been associated with aplastic anaemia.
Thiamphenicol is also widely used in Brazil, particularly for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections such as pelvic inflammatory disease.
Unlike chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol is not readily metabolized in cattle, poultry, sheep, or humans, but is predominantly excreted unchanged. In pigs and rats the drug is excreted both as parent drug and as thiamphenicol glucuronate.
Thiamphenicol can be administered as a part of a complex molecule, Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteine. | 佛尔酮（Phorone），又名双异丙叉丙酮，学名2,6-二甲基-2,5-庚二烯-4-酮。 | 0 |
Acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) is an acyl chloride derived from acetic acid (CH3COOH). It belongs to the class of organic compounds called acid halides. It is a colorless, corrosive, volatile liquid. Its formula is commonly abbreviated to AcCl. | 吲哚洛尔（英語：Pindolol，商品名：Visken、心得乐等）是一种有机化合物，化学式为C14H20N2O2，可作为非选择性β受体阻滞剂来治疗高血壓。 | 0 |
Eugenin is a chromone derivative, a phenolic compound found in cloves. It is also one of the compounds responsible for bitterness in carrots. | 1,1-二氯乙烷（英語：1,1-Dichloroethane），也叫偏二氯乙烷，是一种氯化烃。无色油状液体，有类似氯仿的气味。不易溶于水，但能与大多数有机溶剂混溶。
大量生产1,1-二氯乙烷，在美国年产量超过100万磅。主要用作化学合成的原料，主要是1,1,1-三氯乙烷。它还用作塑料、油和脂肪的溶剂、脱脂剂、杀虫喷雾剂、卤代甲烷灭火器和橡胶胶凝剂中的熏蒸剂。用于制造耐高真空橡胶和提取对温度敏感的物质。在400–500°C和10MPa下热裂解产生氯乙烯。过去，1,1-二氯乙烷被用作手术吸入麻醉剂。 | 0 |
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group. It is an ether, a member of imidazoles and a dichlorobenzene. | 全氟癸酸（英語：Perfluorodecanoic acid，缩写PFDA）是一种全氟羧酸表面活性剂，工业上常用于湿润剂和阻燃劑。和其它含氟表面活性剂类似，PFDA的使用也引发了健康问题，限制了其使用。 | 0 |
Tomatine is a steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose. It has a role as an immunological adjuvant, a phytotoxin and an antifungal agent. It is a steroid alkaloid, a tetrasaccharide derivative, an alkaloid antibiotic, a glycoside and a glycoalkaloid. It is functionally related to a tomatidine. | 丙二酸，也称缩苹果酸，是一个二羧酸，酸酐為二氧化三碳，化学式为CH2(COOH)2，可看作由甲烷的两个氢原子被羧基取代形成。丙二酸及丙二酸酯是有机合成中的重要试剂。 | 0 |
Aniracetam is a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones and a N-acylpyrrolidine. | 异环磷酰胺（英語：Ifosfamide，商品名Mitoxana、Ifex）是一种氮芥类烷化剂，被用于治疗癌症。 它有时候简称“IFO”。 | 0 |
Isoprene is a hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an alkadiene, a hemiterpene and a volatile organic compound. | 邻苯二甲酸酐，简称苯酐，是邻苯二甲酸分子内脱水形成的环状酸酐。苯酐为白色固体，分子式C6H4(CO)2O，是化工中的重要原料，尤其用于增塑剂的制造。 | 0 |
Bromodichloromethane is a natural product found in Ascophyllum nodosum, Mastocarpus stellatus, and other organisms with data available. | 度洛西汀（英語：Duloxetine），商品名为欣百达、奥思平，是一种5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂（SNRI），由礼来研发。度洛西汀常用来治疗重性抑郁障碍、广泛性焦虑症、纤维肌痛、各种躯体不适。度洛西汀常作为治疗躯体化障碍的首选药物。 | 0 |
Reserpine is an alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a first generation antipsychotic, an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a plant metabolite. It is an alkaloid ester, a methyl ester and a yohimban alkaloid. It is functionally related to a reserpic acid. | 环杷明（英語：Cyclopamine）也称环巴胺或11-去氧芥芬胺，是自然产生的化学物质，属于甾族的介藜芦生物鹼。它是从玉米百合花（加州藜芦）中分离出的致畸胎剂，可导致独眼畸形（全前脑畸形）。
环杷明的英文名Cyclopamine是以放牧于爱达荷州野生玉米百合花农场的绵羊生下的独眼畸形（cyclopia）羊羔命名的。1957年美国农业部的科学家开始了长达11年的研究，最终发现环杷明是导致出生缺陷的罪魁祸首。 | 0 |
Zymosterol is a cholestanoid and a 3beta-sterol. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-cholestane. | 英地卡尼（英語：Indecainide，商品名：Decabid）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式C20H24N2O，可作为抗心律失常药，由礼来公司研发并销售，现已停产。 | 0 |
Camphorquinone, also known as 2,3-bornanedione, is an organic compound derived from camphor. A yellow solid, it is used as a photoinitiator in curing dental composites. Camphorquinone is produced by the oxidation of camphor with selenium dioxide. | 它可由糠醛和乙基溴化镁在 0~10°C的乙醚中反应，之后在5~10 °C进行后处理製備。以糠醛和乙醛为原料也能製備。 | 0 |
Bismuth pentafluoride is a pnictogen halide and a bismuth coordination entity. It derives from a hydride of a bismuthorane. | 乳酸乙酯（示性式：CH3CH(OH)CO2CH2CH3），是一种有机手性酯，在常溫常壓下為无色液体。它是乳酸的乙醇酯。由於此化合物是天然衍生的，它很容易以单一对映异构体的形式获得。它通常用作溶剂。 这种化合物被认为是可生物降解的，並可作為能以水洗的脱脂剂。乳酸乙酯天然少量存在于各种食物中，包括葡萄酒、鸡肉和各种水果。稀薄濃度的乳酸乙酯的气味温和，具黄油、奶油味，並些微帶有水果和椰子的香氣。 | 0 |
Clofazimine is 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. It has a role as a leprostatic drug, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a dye. It is a member of phenazines and a member of monochlorobenzenes. | PhC(O)CH(OH)Ph + 2 Cu2+ → PhC(O)C(O)Ph + 2 H+ + 2 Cu+ | 0 |
Cyclotetradecane is a cycloalkane that consists of fourteen carbons each bonded with two hydrogens. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. | 雷公藤内酯（英語：Triptolide）是一个二萜类环氧化物，它由雷公藤（学名：Tripterygium wilfordii）产生。 它在体外实验和体内实验中对小鼠模型的多囊肾病和胰腺癌具有抗癌作用，但是其物理性质和严重的毒性限制了它的治疗潜力。 | 0 |
Bisphenol A is a bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. It has a role as a xenoestrogen, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and an endocrine disruptor. | 二氟化氧是化学式为OF2的化合物，结构与水分子相似，但化学性质非常不同，是强氧化剂。 | 0 |
Testosterone sulfate is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and minor urinary metabolite of testosterone. | 乙酸苯乙酯（Phenethyl acetate），别名醋酸苯乙酯，分子式C10H12O2。 | 0 |
Triclofos is a sedative drug used rarely for treating insomnia.
Triclofos is a prodrug which is metabolised in the liver into the active drug trichloroethanol. The half-life of triclofos is fairly long and it may cause drowsiness the next day. Trichloroethanol may cause liver damage and triclofos should not be used for extended periods.
Triclofos is no longer available in the United States. | 由於氯胺酮有精神活性，會被濫用作毒品，而另有許多俗稱：K仔、K粉、克他命、小姐、Special K；在台灣，經常被稱為褲子（相對於衣，衣代表的是Ecstasy的第一個字母）、下面（相對於穿在上面的衣服）。
常見的副作用包括藥效消退時的心理反應，可能的心理反應有：煩躁（agitation）、困惑（confusion）或錯覺（hallucinate）。血壓升高和肌肉震顫（muscle tremor）相對常見；而血壓降低（hypotention）和呼吸減慢則較罕見。喉部痙攣的副作用十分罕見。 。氯胺酮已被列為NMDA受體拮抗劑；它還作用於鴉片受體和單胺轉運蛋白上等。
氯胺酮於1962年被發現。並被列在世界衛生組織基本藥物列表上，是醫療系統中必備的最有效和安全的藥物之一。現作為一種通用名藥物（generic medication），在發展中國家的批發成本每劑量在0.08到0.32美元之間，也被用於非醫療用途上。 | 0 |
Actinidine is a natural product found in Actinidia polygama, Hypnogyra angularis, and other organisms with data available. | F-19 NMR标定化学位移的基准物质。
C-13 NMR中的溶剂与基准物质。
1H NMR中的溶剂。 | 0 |
Phenylacetone is a propanone that is propan-2-one substituted by a phenyl group at position 1. It is a member of propanones and a methyl ketone. | 亚碲酸根离子是TeO2−3。含有此离子的化合物称作亚碲酸盐（如亚碲酸钠）。它们通常是无色或白色盐，在某些方面与亚硫酸盐相若。 | 0 |
Sulfadimethoxine is a sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antimicrobial agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a drug allergen. It is a member of pyrimidines, a sulfonamide, a substituted aniline, an aromatic ether and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide. | 托烷色林（英語：Tropanserin，研发名：MDL-72,422）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式为C17H23NO2，属于高效价類阿片和选择性5-HT 3受体拮抗剂，1980年代为治疗偏頭痛研发，从未上市销售。 | 0 |
Syringaresinol is a lignan that is 7,9':7',9-diepoxylignane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5' respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lignan, a polyphenol, an aromatic ether, a furofuran and a polyether. | 3-羟基黄酮（英語：3-Hydroxyflavone）是一种黄酮类化合物，是最简单的黄酮醇，植物中未发现，可由阿尔格-弗林-大山田反应合成。 | 0 |
Cholesterol is a natural product found in Acanthus ilicifolius, Amaranthus hybridus, and other organisms with data available. | 咯萘啶是一种抗疟疾药物。它于1970年首次制造，自20世纪80年代以来一直在中国临床使用。
咯萘啶是苯并萘啶的衍生物，为中国研制的一种抗疟药。对红内期疟原虫有杀灭作用，对耐氯喹的恶性虐也有效。 | 0 |
Oxotremorine is a N-alkylpyrrolidine. | 肠内酯（英語：Enterolactone）是一种有机化合物，属于一种肠木脂素，化学式为C18H18O4。它是由肠道细菌分解食物中存在的植物木脂素产生。 | 0 |
Pentachloroethane is a chemical compound of chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon with the chemical formula C2HCl5. It is a colourless non-flammable liquid that is used as a solvent for oil and grease, in metal cleaning, and in the separation of coal from impurities. | 克催瑪汝，或譯克霉唑、克黴樂（英語：Clotrimazole），品牌名稱包括拜耳的 Canesten® (臺灣：卡黴速停®、香港：確膚寧®），先灵葆雅的 Lotremin（香港：療癬妙）、現屬拜耳的 Lotrimin 等，是抗真菌药，適用於念珠菌症、鵝口瘡、尿布疹、花斑癬和皮癬菌病類等真菌感染疾病，像是足癬和股癬。克催瑪汝可以作外用藥也可以作口服藥，外用藥可作成霜狀擦在皮膚上，或是擦在陰道內。 | 0 |
Triethanolamine is a tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as a buffer and a surfactant. It is a tertiary amino compound, a triol and an amino alcohol. It is functionally related to a triethylamine. It is a conjugate base of a triethanolammonium. | 苏丹红一号（Sudan I，分子式：C16H12N2O）也称为苏丹一号，是一种工业用油溶性偶氮染料，也被工业应用中称为溶剂黄 14或油溶黄R。 | 0 |
Propylene, also known as propene, is an unsaturated organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH=CH2. It has one double bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons. It is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor.
Propylene is a product of combustion from forest fires, cigarette smoke, and motor vehicle and aircraft exhaust. It was discovered in 1850 by A. W. von Hoffman's student Captain (later Major General) John Williams Reynolds as the only gaseous product of thermal decomposition of amyl alcohol to react with chlorine and bromine. | 全氟辛烷（英語：Perfluorooctane）也称为十八氟辛烷（octadecafluorooctane）是分子式为C8F18一种氟碳化合物，是辛烷的全氟衍生物，常温下为液态。它可以很好地替代高压电子设备中的绝缘油。除了热传递应用外，它还被用作一种可呼吸的流体。 | 0 |
Fomepizole, also known as 4-methylpyrazole, is a medication used to treat methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning. It may be used alone or together with hemodialysis. It is given by injection into a vein.
Common side effects include headache, nausea, sleepiness, and unsteadiness. It is unclear if use during pregnancy causes risk to a fetus. Fomepizole works by blocking the enzyme that converts methanol and ethylene glycol to their toxic breakdown products.
Fomepizole was approved for medical use in the United States in 1997. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 4-甲基吡唑是一种用于治疗甲醇或乙二醇中毒的药。通常通过静脉注射的方式给药，可单独使用，也可与血液透析同时使用。
常见不良反应包括头痛、恶心、嗜睡和晕眩。孕妇使用该药对胎儿的安全性未知。4-甲基吡唑抑制體內乙醇脱氢酶，减少甲醇和乙二醇转变为毒性更强的代谢产物。
1997年，美国允许4-甲基吡唑作为药物使用。其被世界卫生组织列为最安全有效的药物。在美国，
单瓶售价约1000美元。 | 1 |
Tripropylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3CH2CH2)3N. It is classified as a tertiary amine. It is a colorless liquid with a "fishy" odor.
It has been used in electrochemiluminescence as a coreactant. | 粉防己碱（tetrandrine，fanchinine，hanfangchin A）是一种双苄基异喹啉类生物碱，可从防己科植物粉防己根中和其他中草药提取出来。具有抗炎、抗过敏、抗氧化、抗纤维化及免疫调节作用；其可抑制肥大细胞的脱粒，也有“类奎尼丁”的抗心律失常作用。另具有血管扩张特性，因此可以降低血压。 | 0 |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a member of glycerone phosphates. It is functionally related to a dihydroxyacetone. It is a conjugate acid of a glycerone phosphate(2-). | 小檗鹼，又稱為黃連素（berberine），是一種季铵生物鹼，其化学式为C20H18NO4+，要存在于小檗科、罂粟科、毛莨科、芸香科和防己科等植物中。在應用上，有抗菌、止瀉、消炎等效果。
从乙醚中可析出黄色针状晶体；熔点145°C；能缓慢溶解于冷水（1∶20）或冷乙醇（1∶100），在热水或热乙醇中溶解度比较大，难溶于苯、乙醚和氯仿。其盐类在水中的溶解度都比较小，例如盐酸盐为1∶500，硫酸盐为1:30。它存在于中药黄连、黄柏、三颗针等许多植物中。它的提取方法有酸水法、石灰乳法的几种，网络上均有报道. | 0 |
(+)-haematoxylin is a haematoxylin. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-haematoxylin. | 依西美坦（INN:exemestane，商品名Aromasin，台灣譯名諾曼癌素）是治療乳癌的抗雌激素藥物，屬於芳香化酶抑制劑。某些乳癌細胞具有雌激素受体（ER），受雌激素刺激而生長，被稱為ER陽性（或稱雌激素反應性、激素反應性或激素受體陽性乳癌）。芳香化酶是合成雌激素的酶，使用其抑制劑可阻止雌激素的合成，以減緩腫瘤的生长。 | 0 |
Urea is a carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). It has a role as a flour treatment agent, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a fertilizer. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide and a one-carbon compound. It is functionally related to a carbonic acid. It is a tautomer of a carbamimidic acid. | 尿素（Urea）是由碳、氮、氧和氢组成的有机化合物，又稱脲（與尿同音）。其化学式为 CON2H4、(NH2)2CO 或 CN2H4O，分子质量60，国际非专利药品名称为 Carbamide（碳酰胺）。外观是无色晶体或粉末，是动物蛋白质代谢后的产物，通常用作植物的氮肥。 | 1 |
Mestranol is a terminal acetylenic compound that is (17alpha)-17-ethynylestra-1(10),2,4-triene substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17. It has a role as a prodrug and a xenoestrogen. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a terminal acetylenic compound and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol. | 雪松醇（英語：Cedrol，又称柏木醇、番松醇）是一种倍半萜，存在于针叶树的香精油中，尤其是柏木属和刺柏属。它也被鉴定出存在于盆栽马郁兰中，这是一种牛至属的植物。它主要用于香气物质的化学研究及应用。 | 0 |
Orcinol is a 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a 5-alkylresorcinol and a dihydroxytoluene. | 苯基氧化胂是一种有机砷化合物，化学式为(C6H5AsO)4，分子中不含As=O双键。尽管不同大小的As-O环是可能的，但该化合物以四聚体的形式结晶。 | 0 |
Perchlorate is a monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid. It is a monovalent inorganic anion and a chlorine oxoanion. It is a conjugate base of a perchloric acid. | 环阿屯醇（英語：Cycloartenol，也叫做9β,19-环-24-羊毛甾烯-3β-醇，9β,19-cyclo-24-lanosten-3β-ol，环菠萝烯醇）是一种重要的三萜固醇，以环阿屯烷为骨架结构（带有环丙烷基团），主要存在于植物中，几乎所有植物胆固醇生物合成的过程均经过此化合物，在动物和真菌中，对应的是羊毛甾醇。 | 0 |
Ethyl salicylate is a hydroxybenzoic acid. | 乙醯苯胺，又名N- Phenylacetamide、Acetanilide，或商標名稱Antifebrin，是一種白色有光泽片状结晶或葉片或鱗片狀的固體化學品。 | 0 |
Diphenyl ether is an aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla. It has a role as a plant metabolite. | 依托泊苷（英語：etoposide，VP-16）又名鬼臼乙叉苷、足叶乙苷，商品名有Vepesid、Eposin、Etopophos，是一种广泛应用的拓扑异构酶抑制剂类化疗药物。它是鬼臼毒素（一种大量存在于鬼臼，尤其是盾叶鬼臼中的物质）的人工合成衍生物。 | 0 |
Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at the 3beta position. It is the compound from which all steroids are derived. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 14alpha-methyl steroid. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. | 乙酰丁香酮（英語：Acetosyringone，也称为丁香乙酮）是一种植物产生的天然酚类化合物，分子式C10H12O4，带有苯乙酮和丁香酚的结构，与木脂素有关，涉及植物-病原体识别。 | 0 |
Pyrrolizidine is a bicyclic organonitrogen heterocyclic compound comprised of two ortho-fused pyrrolidine rings which share a common nitrogen atom. It is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organic heterobicyclic compound. | 吡咯里西啶（Pyrrolizidine，又譯為吡咯雙烷或雙吡咯烷）為一種雜環有機化合物，是構成吡咯里西啶生物鹼（pyrrolizidine alkaloids，PAs）中央化學結構的架構。它的衍生物吡咯里西啶生物鹼具有肝毒性。 | 1 |
Dimethisterone is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen. | 乙酸四氢糠酯（英語：Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate）是一种用于食品和化妆品的香精，具有水果样香气和甜味。有的也形容为具有蜂蜜、枫香或面包似气味。 | 0 |
Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), also referred to as FC43, is an organic compound with the chemical formula N(CF2CF2CF2CF3)3. It is a colorless liquid. A molecule of this chemical compound consists of three butyl groups connected to one nitrogen atom, in which all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms. The compound is produced for the electronics industry, along with other perfluoroalkylamines. The high degree of fluorination significantly reduces the basicity of the central amine due to electron-withdrawing effects. | 桉叶油醇又称1,8-桉树脑（1,8-cineole），是一种无色至淡黄色油状透明液体。有樟脑气息和清凉的草药味道。沸点176℃，熔点1～1.5℃，闪点47～48℃。溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、冰醋酸、丙二醇、甘油和大多数非挥发性油，微溶于水。天然品存在于桉叶油等200余种天然精油中。 | 0 |
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether. It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity. It is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, butanone. | 卡莫氟（INN：Carmofur）或HCFU（1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil）是一种嘧啶类似物，用作抗肿瘤剂。它是氟尿嘧啶的衍生物，是可口服给药的氟尿嘧啶的亲脂性掩蔽类似物。 | 0 |
Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, or monomethylglycine, is a amino acid with the formula CH3N(H)CH2CO2H. It exists at neutral pH as the zwitterion CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2−, which can be obtained as a white, water-soluble powder. Like some amino acids, sarcosine converts to a cation at low pH and an anion at high pH, with the respective formulas CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2H and CH3N(H)CH2CO2−. Sarcosine is a close relative of glycine, with a secondary amine in place of the primary amine.
Sarcosine is ubiquitous in biological materials. It is used in manufacturing biodegradable surfactants and toothpastes as well as in other applications. It is also a reagent in organic synthesis.
Sarcosine is sweet to the taste. | 依托泊苷（英語：etoposide，VP-16）又名鬼臼乙叉苷、足叶乙苷，商品名有Vepesid、Eposin、Etopophos，是一种广泛应用的拓扑异构酶抑制剂类化疗药物。它是鬼臼毒素（一种大量存在于鬼臼，尤其是盾叶鬼臼中的物质）的人工合成衍生物。 | 0 |
Strychnine is a natural product found in Strychnos ignatii, Strychnos wallichiana, and other organisms with data available. | 䓛的英文“chrysene”起源於希臘語Χρύσoς (chrysos)，意思是“金”，由於其晶體的金黃色，被認為是化合物在分離時的正確顏色和特徵。然而，高純度的䓛是無色的，黃色是由於其微量的橙黃色異構體並四苯，其不易分離。 | 0 |
Cinchonidine is an alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis and Gongronema latifolium. It is used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. | 二氧化钍，别名氧化钍，化学式ThO2。 | 0 |
Lenthionine is a pentathiepane. | 蘑菇香精（Lenthionine）是一个非常活泼的香气成分，它是香菇的主要风味物质之一。
据称它在香菇内是通过蘑菇酸（半胱氨酸亚砜）在S-烷基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜裂解酶作用下产生的，但具体的生成机理仍然不清楚。这些反应只有在植物组织破坏后才发生。除了产生蘑菇香精，还生成聚噻噁烷。
研究显示它有防止血栓形成的功效。 | 1 |
Thiacloprid is a nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a neonicotinoid insectide. It is a member of thiazolidines, a nitrile and a monochloropyridine. It is functionally related to a 2-chloropyridine and a cyanamide. | 优降宁是不可逆、选择性的单胺氧化酶抑制剂（MAO-A和MAO-B的IC50分别为11.52 nM和8.20 nM）。1963年，它由雅培以抗高血压药的形式进入美国及英国市场，商品名Eutonyl。同样于1960年代进入市场的单胺氧化酶抑制剂还有尼亚拉胺、异卡波肼、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺。优降宁于2007年被停用。它除了作为单胺氧化酶抑制剂，也会与单胺氧化酶的别构中心I2咪唑啉受体结合。 | 0 |
Isobutyl acetate is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available. | 去炎松（英語：triamcinolone）又叫氟羟氢化泼尼松、曲安西龙，是长效合成的皮质类固醇，可口服、注射、吸入或制成软膏外用。可用來治療濕疹、銀屑病、關節炎、過敏、潰瘍性大腸炎（Ulcerative colitis）、紅斑性狼瘡、交感性眼炎、巨大細胞動脈炎（Giant cell arteritis）、葡萄膜炎（Uveitis）、眼炎的治療，玻璃體切除時的呈像及預防哮喘等，但其無法在哮喘發作後作出有效治療。 | 0 |