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Citramalic acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is malic acid (hydroxysuccinic acid) in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid, a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is functionally related to a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a citramalate(2-).

丁菲洛尔（INN：Butofilolol，开发代号：CM-6805），商品名Cafide，是一种β受体阻滞剂药物，用于治疗原发性高血压。目前该药物尚未在任何地方销售。

Tryptamine is an indolamine metabolite of the essential amino acid, tryptophan. The chemical structure is defined by an indole—a fused benzene and pyrrole ring, and a 2-aminoethyl group at the second carbon (third aromatic atom, with the first one being the heterocyclic nitrogen). The structure of tryptamine is a shared feature of certain aminergic neuromodulators including melatonin, serotonin, bufotenin and psychedelic derivatives such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin, psilocin and others. Tryptamine has been shown to activate serotonin receptors and trace amine-associated receptors expressed in the mammalian brain, and regulates the activity of dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems. In the human gut, symbiotic bacteria convert dietary tryptophan to tryptamine, which activates 5-HT4 receptors and regulates gastrointestinal motility. Multiple tryptamine-derived drugs have been developed to treat migraines, while trace amine-associated receptors are being explored as a potential treatment target for neuropsychiatric disorders.

大鼠脑中色胺含量约3.5 pmol/g。

Labetalol is a diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a sympatholytic agent, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a beta-adrenergic antagonist. It contains a (R,R)-labetalol, a (S,S)-labetalol, a (R,S)-labetolol and a (S,R)-labetolol.

番茄紅素（Lycopene、分子式 C40H56），又稱茄紅素。是親脂性亮紅色的類胡蘿蔔素色素，属于四萜，无维生素A活性；存在于番茄和其它紅色果实与蔬菜中，如：西瓜、葡萄柚、木瓜、胡萝卜等。 番茄紅素是人體最常見和是最有力的類胡蘿蔔素抗氧劑之一。它的英文名Lycopene是從番茄的種類分類茄屬Solanum lycopersicum中而來得。

Hentriacontane, also called untriacontane, is a solid, long-chain alkane hydrocarbon with the structural formula CH3(CH2)29CH3. It is the main component of paraffin wax. It is found in a variety of plants, including peas (Pisum sativum), Acacia senegal, Gymnema sylvestre and others, and also comprises about 8–9% of beeswax. It has 10,660,307,791 constitutional isomers.

巴卡亭III（Baccatin III），又名巴卡廷III、浆果赤霉素III，是一种可用作合成紫杉烷类药物的原料的二萜类化合物。

Prolintane is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) developed in the 1950s. Being an amphetamine derivative, it is closely related in chemical structure to other drugs such as pyrovalerone, MDPV, and propylhexedrine, and has a similar mechanism of action. Many cases of prolintane abuse have been reported. Under the brand name Katovit, prolintane was commercialized by the Spanish pharmaceutical company FHER until 2001. It was most often used by students and workers as a stimulant to provide energy and increase alertness and concentration.

農民很快接受草甘膦，特別是在孟山都推出了抗草甘膦（抗草甘膦大豆，英語：Roundup Ready soybean, PRS）轉基因作物（黃豆、棉花、油菜及玉米），使農民能夠殺死雜草而不會殺死他們的莊稼。

Salsalate is a dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antirheumatic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor and a prodrug. It is a benzoate ester, a member of benzoic acids, a member of phenols and a member of salicylates. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.

潑尼松（prednisone）又名強的松、去氢可的松，是一種口服的糖皮質激素藥物，通常用於抑制免疫系統和減輕炎症的情況，如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和風濕症。它也連同其他類固醇用於治療由癌症和腎上腺功能不全而引起的高血鈣。 長期使用潑尼松的常見副作用包括白內障、骨質流失、容易瘀傷、肌肉無力和鵝口瘡。其他副作用包括體重增加、腫脹、高血糖、感染風險增加及思覺失調。一般認為懷孕時使用該藥是安全的，而母乳哺育的時候使用低劑量也似乎是安全。因為潑尼松必須要先行透過肝臟將其轉變成潑尼松龍，再進入血液中產生作用。而在母親體內生成的潑尼松龍會透過胎盤酵素轉變成潑尼松再進入胎兒身上，且胎兒的肝臟並不會活化潑尼松轉化成潑尼松龍，對胎兒的傷害較小。在長時間使用後，潑尼松需要逐漸停止服用。 潑尼松必須先經過肝臟轉化為潑尼松龍，然後才能使其活躍。然後，潑尼松龍與糖皮質激素受體結合，激活它們並觸發基因表達的變化。 潑尼松於1954年獲得專利，並於1955年在美國批准用於醫療用途。它可以作為通用藥物使用。2016年，它於超過2,300萬張處方裡，成為在美國最多的處方藥排名第31位。2018年，每劑量的潑尼松於美國的批發價為少於$0.30美元。

Ethyl benzoate is a benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a volatile oil component found in ripe kiwifruit, cranberry juice, and palm kernel oil. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a fragrance and a volatile oil component. It is a benzoate ester and an ethyl ester.

在激光烧蚀的镓原子和氢气反应之后，氢化镓在低温（3.5 K）下被检测为气相中的一种瞬态物质。 最近在掺有固体乙镓烷 ，Ga2H6 的蒸气的氩气基质中，也发现了氢化镓。

N-Methyltaurine is an organosulfonic acid.

甲醇（英語：Methanol），又稱羥基甲烷（英語：Methyl alcohol）、木醇（英語：wood alcohol）或木精（英語：wood spirits），是一种有机化合物，分子式為CH3OH，簡稱MeOH，是最簡單的醇類。甲醇有「木醇」與「木精」之名，源自於曾经其主要的生產方式是自木醋液（為木材乾餾或裂解的產物之一）萃取。現代甲醇是直接從一氧化碳，二氧化碳和氫的一個催化作用的工業過程中製造。

Imatinib is a benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid with the primary aromatic amino group of 4-methyl-N(3)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine. Used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a N-methylpiperazine, a member of pyridines, a member of benzamides, an aromatic amine and a member of pyrimidines. It is functionally related to a benzamide.

麦角新碱（英語：Ergometrine或ergonovine），又名D-麦角酸β-氨基丙醇, 是一类用于引起子宫收缩来治疗阴道产后出血的药物。 它可用于口服，肌肉注射或静脉注射。口服15分钟起效，注射则更快。药效持续45到180分钟。 常见副作用包括血压升高、呕吐、癫痫、头痛、血压降低等，其他严重副作用包括麦角中毒。 它最初是从黑麦麦角菌制成，但现在也可以从麦角酸制成。 由于能够用来制作娛樂性藥物麦角酰二乙胺（LSD），麦角新碱受到管制。 麦角新碱1932年被发现。 它被列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单，此清单列有基本卫生系统中所有最重要的药物。 麦角新碱以质优价廉著称。在2014年，每一剂注射剂批发价在0.12美元到0.41美元之间，每一片药丸批发价为0.01美元。 在美国，每剂约为1.75美元。

Tetrabutylammonium chloride is an organic chloride salt comprising of a tetrabutylammonium cation and chloride anion. It is a tetrabutylammonium salt and an organic chloride salt.

醋甲唑胺（英語：Methazolamide，商品名英語：Neptazane），是一种治疗高眼壓症（包括青光眼）的口服药物。服用後4小时内發揮药效，並持续18 小时。 醋甲唑胺于 20 世纪 50 年代在美国取得医疗使用許可 。

13-Methyltetradecanoic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces manipurensis, Chondrosia reniformis, and other organisms with data available.

2-己醇，是一種醇類的有機化合物，是在二號碳上接羥基的己醇。它的化學式是C6H13OH、示性式是C4H9CH(OH)CH3，是正己醇的一種異構物。 2-己醇有一個手性中心，故存在光學異構物

Heneicosane is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)19CH3. It is the straight chain, saturated C21 hydrocarbon. It is a white wax.

二十一烷（英語：heneicosane）是含有21個碳原子的直鏈烷烴，化學式為C21H44或CH3(CH2)19CH3，外觀為無色蠟狀固體，化學性質相當安定。其衍生物二十一烷酸(CH3(CH2)19COOH)可做為製備脂肪酸的原料。

Ifosfamide is the simplest member of the class of ifosfamides that is 1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide substituted by 2-chloroethyl groups on both the nitrogen atoms respectively. It is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an immunosuppressive agent, an alkylating agent, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.

植烷酸（英語：Phytanic acid，或3,7,11,15-四甲基十六烷酸）是一种支链脂肪酸，人类可以通过食用乳制品、反刍动物脂肪以及某些鱼类而获得该物质。估计西方饮食每天可以提供50～100毫克的植烷酸。在一项牛津大学做的研究中，食用肉食的个人，平均来说血浆中植烷酸浓度的几何平均数比纯素食主义者高6.7倍。

Salicylaldehyde is a hydroxybenzaldehyde carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It has a role as a nematicide and a plant metabolite.

水杨醛，也称邻羟基苯甲醛、2-羟基苯甲醛，分子式为C6H4CHO-2-OH，室温下为无色油状液体。 水杨醛是制取多种螯合配体的原料，可由苯酚与氯仿在氢氧化钠溶液中加热发生瑞穆尔-悌曼反应制备： 水杨醛可发生多种反应： 与胺缩合生成施夫碱，与乙二胺缩合得到Salen配體，与羟胺缩合得到水杨醛肟。 用过氧化氢氧化得到邻苯二酚。 与丙二酸二乙酯缩合得到香豆素衍生物。 与氯乙酸发生威廉姆逊合成环化得到苯并呋喃。 制备： 由苯酚和氯仿在氢氧化钠溶液中反应得到。改进的制法是由邻甲苯酚与三氯氧磷或光气反应、再经水解制得。也可以由水杨酸电解还原或由水杨酰卤催化还原制得。

Cetrimonium, cetyl trimethylammonium, or hexadecyltrimethylammonium is a quaternary ammonium cation whose salts are used as antiseptics: Cetrimonium bromide Cetrimonium chloride They have the ATC codes D08AJ02 (WHO) (as skin antiseptics) and R02AA17 (WHO) (as throat antiseptics).

苯甲酸甲酯（methyl benzoate）是一种有机化合物，属酯类，结构简式C6H5CO2CH3。外观为无色液体，难溶于水，与很多有机溶剂混溶，具有浓郁香气，用于配制香精和人造精油，也用作有机溶剂，吸引昆虫的农药。

Methyl phenylacetate is an organic compound that is the methyl ester of phenylacetic acid, with the structural formula . It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. Methyl phenylacetate has a strong odor similar to honey. This compound also occurs in brandy, capsicum, coffee, honey, pepper, and some wine. It is used in the flavor industry and in perfumes to impart honey scents. Methyl phenyldiazoacetate, precursor to cyclopropanation agents, is prepared by treating methyl phenylacetate with p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide in the presence of base.

佐匹克隆（英語：Zopiclone），又譯唑吡酮，商品名宜眠安（英語：Imovane），香港濫用者俗稱其白瓜子、台灣稱樂比克；是一种用于治疗失眠的药物。 佐匹克隆雖然在BZ1受體上產生作用，它卻不屬於苯二氮䓬類藥物，而是一種環吡咯酮衍生物。

Guvacine is a alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a GABA reuptake inhibitor. It is a beta-amino acid, a tetrahydropyridine, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, a pyridine alkaloid and a secondary amino compound.

異丁腈（示性式:CH3CH(CN)CH3）是一种复杂的有机分子，最近从若干顆來自太空的陨石中发现。它是来自外太空眾多分子中唯一一个具有支链而非直链的碳骨架，且其碳骨架比起較常見的其他来自外太空的分子還要大。

Ecgonine is a tropane alkaloid that consists of tropane bearing carboxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively and having (1R,2R,3S,5S)-configuration. It is both a metabolite of and a precursor to cocaine. It has a role as a metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tropane alkaloid and a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid.

布洛芬（英語：Ibuprofen），是一种非類固醇消炎止痛藥（NSAID），常用來止痛、退燒、消炎。可用於治療經痛、偏頭痛，和類風濕性關節炎。大约60%的人在使用任意一种NSAID后症状会有所改善，在一种药物不起作用时，通常推荐试用其他药物。本品也可用於治療早產兒的開放性動脈導管。本品可經由口服或靜脈注射給藥，藥效通常於給藥後一小時內作用。 常見副作用包含胃灼熱（火燒心）或紅疹。但相對其他NSAID而言，本品导致胃肠道出血等副作用的风险较低。本品會提高心臟衰竭、腎衰竭，及肝衰竭的風險。在低剂量时，心肌梗死的风险並不会提高，但高劑量時卻有可能。布洛芬可能会使哮喘加重。妊娠早期用藥的安全性未明，但在懷孕後期用藥有證據顯示有害，因此不建議用藥。如同其他NSAID，本品會抑制前列腺素的製造，降低環氧合酶的活性。本品屬於較弱的NSAID。 此藥物在1961年由英國博姿公司的斯图尔特·亚当斯發明，並以「布洛芬」（Brufen）作為商標上市。如今專利權過期，各家廠商也紛紛投入此藥品的生產，市面上出現多種商品名，例如Advil、Motrin，和Nurofen等等。1969年，該药開始於英國上市，並於1974年於美國上市。本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中，為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一。本品屬於學名藥，每劑在发展中国家的批發價位於0.01至0.04美元之間。在美国，同樣劑量的價格約為0.05美元。

Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine.

碳酰氯，俗稱光成气（英語：phosgene；化学式：COCl2），簡稱光气，是一种无色气体，低浓度下有刚割下的干草或草的气味。光气是一种有价值的工业材料，特别是用于生产聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯塑料的前体。 光气有剧毒，在第一次世界大战中用作化学武器，造成85000人死亡。 除了工业生产外，还有少量的光气来自于有机氯化合物的分解和燃烧。

Nilvadipine is an isopropyl ester, a methyl ester, a nitrile and a dihydropyridine.

利太林酸（英語：Ritalinic acid）是一种含氮有机化合物，分子式C13H17NO2，属于苯乙胺衍生物，是许多兴奋剂，如哌甲酯、哌乙酯的主要无活性代謝產物。

Dihydrolipoic acid is an organic compound that is the reduced form of lipoic acid. This carboxylic acid features a pair of thiol groups, and therefore is a dithiol. It is optically active, but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.

7-O-甲基羽扇豆异黄酮（英語：7-O-Methylluteone）是一种有机化合物，分子式C21H20O6，属于异黃酮類化合物，存在于马赛刺桐（Erythrina burttii）的树皮中。

Barium acetate is an acetate salt in which the cationic component is barium(2+). It has a role as a mordant and a catalyst. It is an organic barium salt and an acetate salt.

1,3-环戊二酮是一种有机化合物，化学式为(CH2)3(CO)2，它是1,2-环戊二酮的同分异构体。它的烯醇形式比二酮形式更稳定（1-3 kcal/mol），其烯醇结构经X射线衍射表征。

Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. When used for local anaesthesia or in nerve blocks, lidocaine typically begins working within several minutes and lasts for half an hour to three hours. Lidocaine mixtures may also be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes to numb the area. It is often used mixed with a small amount of adrenaline (epinephrine) to prolong its local effects and to decrease bleeding. If injected intravenously, it may cause cerebral effects such as confusion, changes in vision, numbness, tingling, and vomiting. It can cause low blood pressure and an irregular heart rate. There are concerns that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the cartilage. It appears to be generally safe for use in pregnancy. A lower dose may be required in those with liver problems. It is generally safe to use in those allergic to tetracaine or benzocaine. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. This means it works by blocking sodium channels and thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 267th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.

己内酰胺（Caprolactam，簡稱CPL），化学式为(CH2)5C(O)NH的有机化合物，是6-氨基己酸（ε-氨基己酸）的内酰胺，也可看作己酸的环状酰胺。纯净的己内酰胺是白色的固体。其年产量大约45万吨。 己内酰胺主要用作制取聚合物尼龙6的单体。

Doxorubicin is a deoxy hexoside, an anthracycline, an anthracycline antibiotic, an aminoglycoside, a member of tetracenequinones, a member of p-quinones, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a doxorubicin(1+). It derives from a hydride of a tetracene.

甲基三級丁基醚（英语：methyl tert-butyl ether，缩写为MTBE），是一种无色透明、粘度低的可挥发性液体，有特殊气味，含氧量为18.2%的醚。它的蒸汽比空气重，可沿地面扩散，与强氧化剂共存时可燃烧。

Pentobarbital (US) or pentobarbitone (British and Australian) is a short-acting barbiturate typically used as a sedative, a preanesthetic, and to control convulsions in emergencies. It can also be used for short-term treatment of insomnia but has been largely replaced by the benzodiazepine family of drugs. In high doses, pentobarbital causes death by respiratory arrest. It is used for veterinary euthanasia and is used by some US states and the United States federal government for executions of convicted criminals by lethal injection. In some countries and states, it is also used for physician-assisted suicide. Pentobarbital was widely abused beginning in the late 1930s and sometimes known as "yellow jackets" due to the yellow color of Nembutal-branded capsules. Pentobarbital in oral (pill) form is not commercially available. Pentobarbital was developed by Ernest H. Volwiler and Donalee L. Tabern at Abbott Laboratories in 1930.

铒（ěr）（英語：Erbium），是一種化學元素，其化學符號为Er，原子序數为68，原子量為167.259 u，属于镧系元素，也是稀土元素之一。

Carteolol is a non-selective beta blocker used to treat glaucoma. It is administered in the form of eye drops. Carteolol was patented in 1972 and approved for medical use in 1980.

鲛肝醇（英語：Chimyl alcohol）是一种有机化合物，化学式为C19H40O3，为无色油状液体。鲛肝醇在结构上是由甘油的伯醇羟基与鲸蜡醇（1-十六烷醇）脱水生成的单醚。s-鲛肝醇与S-鲨油醇、S-鲨肝醇共同构成细胞膜的脂质层。其在名为叶鳞尖鳍鲛（学名：Centrophorus squamosus）的鲨鱼的肝中发现，其英文名中的"chimyl"源自银鲛目（Chimaeriformes），作为甘油醚，其不能发生皂化反应。

Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. It is a long-acting tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is typically taken orally (swallowed by mouth) but is also used intravenously. Effects begin within one hour and last between eight and twelve hours in adults. Common side effects may include sleepiness, weakness, poor coordination, difficulty concentrating, and agitation. Clonazepam may also decrease memory formation. Long-term use may result in tolerance, dependence, and life-threatening withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly. Dependence occurs in one-third of people who take benzodiazepines for longer than four weeks. The risk of suicide increases, particularly in people who are already depressed. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. Clonazepam binds to GABAA receptors, thus increasing the effect of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Clonazepam was patented in 1960 and went on sale in 1975 in the United States from Roche. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 57th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions. In many areas of the world, it is commonly used as a recreational drug.

1,4-二甲基萘是一种有机化合物，化学式为C12H12。它是二甲基萘的10种同分异构体之一，可由1,4-二甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘在钯碳存在下的脱氢反应得到。

Oxidopamine is a benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). It has a role as a neurotoxin, a human metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a primary amino compound, a benzenetriol and a catecholamine. It is functionally related to a dopamine.

甲氧基甲醇（英語：Methoxymethanol）化学式CH3OCH2OH，也称为甲醇半缩甲醛（英語：Formaldehyde methyl hemiacetal），是半缩醛，分子中带有一个醚键和一个羟基，可在太空中发现。

Benzothiazole is an organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant.

藏红花醛（英语：Safranal）是从藏红花中分离出来的有机化合物，藏红花是由番红花（Crocus sativus）柱头组成的香料。它是藏红花香气的主要成分。

Taxodone is a diterpenoid.

原薯蓣皂苷（英語：Protodioscin）简称原薯蓣苷，是一种甾体皂苷（具体为呋喃固醇皂苷）。其存在于多种植物中，尤属蒺藜属、胡卢巴属、薯蓣属以及延龄草属最甚。它被认为是知名壮阳植物蒺藜（学名：Tribulus terrestris）的主要活性成分。同时也是穿龙薯蓣（中药名：穿山龙，学名：Dioscorea nipponica）中的主要活性成分。

Pyrimidine is the parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a member of pyrimidines and a diazine.

它可由糠醛和乙基溴化镁在 0~10°C的乙醚中反应，之后在5~10 °C进行后处理製備。以糠醛和乙醛为原料也能製備。

Phosphorus trifluoride is a phosphorus halide.

环氧乙烯（或氧杂环丙烯）是一种杂环化合物，由二個形成雙鍵的碳原子和一個氧原子組成。它最初于2023年通过将甲醇和乙醛于5 K暴露于高能电子中获得，并通过光电离反射镜飞行时间质谱测试探测到。

2-Methylnaphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). On February 22, 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for detecting and monitoring PAHs, including 2-methylnaphthalene, in the universe. According to NASA scientists, over 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are abundant in the universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets. Several enzymes biodegrade 2-methyhlnaphthalene in anaerobic conditions.

2-甲基萘是一個多环芳香烃。 2014年2月22日，NASA為了偵測並監視宇宙內的多環芳香烴，包括2-甲基萘，而發佈一個大幅更新的資料庫。根據NASA科學家，宇宙內20%的碳可能與多環芳香烴有關。這些烴有可能是生命誕生的初始物質。多環芳香烴似乎在大爆炸發生不久後開始形成。宇宙內有大量多環芳香烴，而它們與新恆星和系外行星有關聯。 許多酶可以在厭氧情況下將2-甲基萘生物降解。

Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H. TGA is often called mercaptoacetic acid (MAA). It contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and carboxylic acid functional groups. It is a colorless liquid with a strongly unpleasant odor. TGA is miscible with polar organic solvents.

巯基乙酸是一种有机化合物，结构式HSCH2COOH。

Phenindione is a beta-diketone and an aromatic ketone. It has a role as an anticoagulant. It derives from a hydride of an indane.

托吡卡胺（英語：Tropicamide，商品名：Mydriacyl）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式C17H20N2O2，是視力測試中促进瞳孔放大的药物。

Sodium tetrachloroaurate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAuCl4. It is composed of the ions Na+ and AuCl4−. It exists in the anhydrous and dihydrate states. At room temperature, it exists as a golden-orange solid. The anhydrous and dihydrate forms are available commercially.

京尼平（英語：Genipin）是一种有机化合物，分子式C11H14O5，属于环烯醚萜衍生物，是栀子苷的苷元（糖苷配基） 。

Sesamolin is a lignan isolated from sesame oil. Sesamin and sesamolin are minor components of sesame oil.

异喹啉（英語：Isoquinoline）是由萘中的一个 β-CH 基团被氮替换衍生出来的杂环化合物，与喹啉互为同分异构体，有芳香性。

Oxomemazine is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the phenothiazine chemical class for the treatment of cough.

虎刺醛（英語：Damnacanthal）是一种有机化合物，化学式C16H10O5，属于9,10-蒽醌衍生物，存在于檄樹（学名：Morinda citrifolia）等植物中，可溶于水或有机溶剂。

Formaldehyde is an aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, an allergen, an EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor, a disinfectant, an environmental contaminant, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a one-carbon compound and an aldehyde.

茵芋碱（英語：Skimmianine），别名β-花椒碱（英語：β-Fagarine）、缎木碱（英語：Chloroxylonine），是从日本茵芋（Skimmia japonica）以及一些原产于日本和中国的芸香科植物中发现的一种呋喃喹啉生物碱。其是一种乙酰胆碱酯酶强抑制剂。

Benzophenone is the simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. It has a role as a photosensitizing agent and a plant metabolite.

C6H5CH3 + Cl2 → C6H5CH2Cl + HCl C6H5CH2Cl + Cl2 → C6H5CHCl2 + HCl C6H5CHCl2 + Cl2 → C6H5CCl3 + HCl C6H5CHCl2 + H2O → C6H5CHO + 2 HCl

Oxamic acid is a dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an oxamate.

二氟甲烷，是一種鹵代烴（化學式：CH2F2），也是卤代甲烷的一种。它是甲烷的四个氫原子中的两个被氟原子代替形成的化合物。

Estriol is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 16 and 17 (16alpha,17beta-stereoisomer). It has a role as an estrogen, a human metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid, a 16alpha-hydroxy steroid and a 17beta-hydroxy steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.

四乙基氯化铵，简称TEAC，是一种季铵盐，化学式 (C2H5)4N+Cl−，有时写作Et4N+Cl−。它是吸湿性的无色晶体。在药理学和生理学研究中，它已被用作四乙基铵阳离子的来源，也用于有机化学合成。

Allixin is a phytoalexin found in garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs. It was first isolated and characterized in 1989. When garlic is stored for long periods of time, it can form visible accumulations of crystalline allixin on its surface, particularly in areas where tissue has become necrotic. After 2 years of storage, the amount of allixin accumulated can approach 1% of the dry weight of the cloves. Since allixin has weak antimicrobial activity, these high concentrations are thought to be produced by the garlic bulb to protect itself from further damage from microorganisms. Since allixin is found in high concentrations in garlic, there has been scientific interest in determining if it is responsible for any of the known health benefits of garlic. As a result of ongoing research, a variety of biological activities have been attributed to allixin. Pharmaceutical drug discovery research based on derivatives of allixin has followed.

植烷（英語：Phytane），是植醇（一种含叶绿素骨架的化合物）失去其羟基基团後加氫還原时形成的二萜类烷烃。当植烷主鏈乙基端失去一个亞甲基时，它会产生姥鮫烷。除了植醇之外，其他植烷和姥鮫烷的生成来源也有被報告提出。 姥鮫烷和植烷是石油中常见的成分并已被用作堆積作用中氧化还原的參考指數，以及用于阐明石油及其形成對應源岩的關聯性調查。在环境研究中，姥鮫烷和植烷可做為调查漏油地點的指标化合物。

Ammonium iodide is the iodide salt of ammonia. It is an ammonium salt and an iodide salt.

百草枯（英語：Paraquat）也称克芜踪（Gramoxome），是一种高效而剧毒的除草剂，化学式為C12H14Cl2N2，结构简式CH3Cl-N-C5H4-C5H4-N-CH3Cl。由吡啶、金属钠、氯甲烷反应而成，易溶于水，故只要食用作物前用水沖洗便可避免殘留。有触杀作用，与土壤接触后很快失效，因而是一种对土壤及植物根部没有伤害的除草剂。也因为这一特点，百草枯对水土保持有着良好的作用。然而由于其对誤攝的人类必會導致永久性傷殘以及極高致死率且難以治療，部分国家因此对其使用严格管控或禁止，但其並非《鹿特丹公約》列管之危險化學品、農藥或製劑。

Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. This amide has two amino groups (–NH2) joined by a carbonyl functional group (–C(=O)–). It is thus the simplest amide of carbamic acid. Urea serves an important role in the cellular metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. Urea is Neo-Latin, from French urée, from Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron) 'urine', itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₂worsom. It is a colorless, odorless solid, highly soluble in water, and practically non-toxic (LD50 is 15 g/kg for rats). Dissolved in water, it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, most notably nitrogen excretion. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules (NH3) with a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule in the urea cycle. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen (N) and is an important raw material for the chemical industry. In 1828, Friedrich Wöhler discovered that urea can be produced from inorganic starting materials, which was an important conceptual milestone in chemistry. This showed for the first time that a substance previously known only as a byproduct of life could be synthesized in the laboratory without biological starting materials, thereby contradicting the widely held doctrine of vitalism, which stated that only living organisms could produce the chemicals of life.

1,2-二溴-3-氯丙烷（英語：1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane，簡稱：DBCP），是殺線蟲劑（Nemagon，又稱Fumazone）的活性成份。它是一種於以前美洲農業上使用的土壤燻蒸劑。在發現它對人類健康造成不良影響之後，此化合物於1979年被禁止及限制其使用。 但是，這種化學物質像污染物一樣持續於地下水中出現，並為社會留下不少問題。

Bromoacetone is an alpha-bromoketone that is acetone in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a bromine atom. A poweful lachrymator, it was formerly used as a chemical weapon. It has a role as a lachrymator. It is functionally related to an acetone.

1-辛烯，又名正辛烯，常溫下為無色液體，是含有8個碳原子的直鏈烯烴，化學式為C8H16。它可用于表面活性剂、增塑剂、高分子材料的生产，也能用作食品添加剂。

Benzothiazole is an organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant.

咖啡醇（英語：Cafestol）是一种二萜类分子，分子式C20H28O3，存在于咖啡豆中。

Trimethyl phosphite is an organophosphorus compound that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by methoxy groups. It is an alkylating agent used primarily in the synthesis of organophosphate compounds. It has a role as an alkylating agent.

BrO3− + XeF2 + H2O → BrO4− + 2HF + Xe BrO3− + F2 + H2O → BrO4− + 2HF

Sulfasalazine, sold under the brand name Azulfidine among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. It is considered by some to be a first-line treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. It is taken by mouth or can be administered rectally. Significant side effects occur in about 25% of people. Commonly these include loss of appetite, nausea, headache, and rash. Severe side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver problems, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and kidney problems. It should not be used in people allergic to aspirin or sulfonamide. Use during pregnancy appears to be safe for the baby. Sulfasalazine is in the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) family of medications. It is unclear exactly how it works. One proposed mechanism is the inhibition of prostaglandins, resulting in local anti-inflammatory effects in the colon. The medication is broken down by intestinal bacteria into sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Sulfasalazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1950. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Sulfasalazine is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.

長春新鹼於 1961 年首次被純化出來，本品列名於世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單 ，是基層衛生系統中最重要的藥物之一。在開發中國家，每劑批發價大約在 1.80 到 42.60 美元之譜。本品屬於長春花生物鹼，提煉自馬達加斯加的長春花（Catharanthus roseus）中。

Cysteamine is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CH2NH2. A white, water-soluble solid, it contains both an amine and a thiol functional groups. It is often used as salts of the ammonium derivative [HSCH2CH2NH3]+ including the hydrochloride, phosphocysteamine, and the bitartrate.The intermediate pantetheine is broken down into cysteamine and pantothenic acid. It is biosynthesized in mammals, including humans, by the degradation of coenzyme A. It is the biosynthetic precursor to the neurotransmitter hypotaurine.

异丁苯是一种有机化合物，化学式为C10H14，是丁苯的同分异构体之一。它可由苯基异丙基甲酮的还原反应制得。它和丙酰氯在三氯化铝的存在下反应，可以得到(4-异丁基苯基)乙基甲酮。

Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a carcinogenic agent, a mouse metabolite and an apoptosis inhibitor. It is an ortho-fused bicyclic arene and a member of naphthalenes.

糠醛（呋喃甲醛，英文：furfural）是一種工業用化學製品，可由各種農副產品中萃取，包括玉米穗軸、燕麥與小麥的麥麩和鋸木屑。furfural這個字取自於拉丁字的furfur，意思是麥麩，因為這是糠醛取得的來源。 糠醛是一種芳香族的醛，其環狀結構如右圖所示。其化學式為C5H4O2。純糠醛是有杏仁味的無色的油狀液體，暴露於空氣中會快速變成黃色。

Allyl alcohol is a natural product found in Bos taurus, Allium sativum, and Vitis vinifera with data available.

莰烯是双环单萜。几乎不溶于水，但可溶于常见的有机溶剂。它在室温下易挥发，有刺鼻的气味。它是许多精油的成分之一，如松节油、柏油、樟脑油、香茅油等。它通过更常见的α-蒎烯的催化异构化反应在工业上生产。莰烯可用于制备香料，或者作为食品调味的添加剂。

Fosfomycin is a phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and an EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor. It is an epoxide and a member of phosphonic acids. It is functionally related to a phosphonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonate(1-).

常见的副作用包括腹泻、恶心、头痛和念珠菌性外阴阴道炎。 严重的副作用可能包括过敏反应和偽膜性結腸炎。虽然没有发现妊娠期使用有害，但不推荐这样使用。 母乳喂养期单次服用似乎是安全的。 它通过干扰细菌细胞壁的生成来起作用。 1969年，磷霉素被发现。1996年，它在美国被批准用于医疗。 世界卫生组织将磷霉素列为对人类医学至关重要的物质，列入世界卫生组织基本药物清单。 它是一种非专利药物。 它最初由某些类型的链球菌生产，现在用化学方法生产。

Peroxynitrous acid (HNO3) is a reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It is the conjugate acid of peroxynitrite (ONOO−). It has a pKa of approximately 6.8. It is formed in vivo from the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitrogen monoxide (ON•) and superoxide (O•−2). It is an isomer of nitric acid and isomerises with a rate constant of k = 1.2 s−1, a process whereby up to 5% of hydroxyl and nitrogen dioxide radicals may be formed. It oxidises and nitrates aromatic compounds in low yield. The mechanism may involve a complex between the aromatic compound and ONOOH, and a transition from the cis- to the trans-configuration of ONOOH. Peroxynitrous acid is also important in atmospheric chemistry.

人体慢性吸入1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷可能会导致黄疸、肝肿大、头痛、手震、眩晕、麻木、瞌睡等。美国国家环境保护局将其列入C组人类可能的致癌物（Group C possible human carcinogen）。

Camphene is a monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a fragrance. It is a monoterpene and a carbobicyclic compound.

异噻唑（isothiazole），或称1,2-噻唑是一种杂环化合物，化学式C3H3NS。其含有一个氮硫杂五元环，氮原子和硫原子的位置是相邻的。 异噻唑的环结构见于某些药物，例如例如齐拉西酮。

Fluorene is a natural product found in Angelica gigas, Zea mays, and Daucus carota with data available.

乙硼烷(4) 是一种瞬态无机化合物，化学式 B2H4。 稳定的乙硼烷(4)衍生物是已知的。 乙硼烷(4) 可以由乙硼烷(6)被氟原子夺走两个氢原子而成。这可以通过光致游离质谱检测到。 计算研究预测了乙硼烷(4)的一种结构。除了两个氢原子和硼原子之间存在二中心二电子键之外，还有两个氢原子通过三中心二电子键桥接两个硼原子。此外，两个硼原子之间也互相键合。

Sodium chromate is an inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, an oxidising agent, a poison and a diagnostic agent. It contains a chromate(2-).

氯丹（英語：Chlordane）又稱可氯丹，是有机氯杀虫剂的一种，為深琥珀色黏性液體，具有類似松柏的氣味。通常以混合物的形態存在，其主成份氯丹佔60%，另外含有結構類似的雙環五碳雙烯化合物，帶有六到九個氯原子不等。氯丹不溶於水，可与煤油以任何比例混合，也溶於大部分的有機溶劑，在高溫或鹼性的環境下會分解。在結構上有順式 (cis-)、反式 (trans-)兩種異構物（分別稱為β-氯丹，α-氯丹）。β-氯丹 (順式)的毒性是α-氯丹的十倍。氯丹对昆虫有接触和胃毒作用；對哺乳類動物有毒，對鼠類的口服LD50值為225-590mg/kg；可從皮膚吸收。

Etazolate is a pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, an antipsychotic agent, a phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor, an anxiolytic drug, an antidepressant, an alpha-secretase activator and a GABA agent. It is a hydrazone, an ethyl ester and a pyrazolopyridine.

环己烷甲酸（英語：Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid）是一个带有环己基的羧酸。

Diphenic acid, also known as Dibenzoic acid, is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4CO2H)2. It is the most studied of several isomeric dicarboxylic acids of biphenyl. It is a white solid that can be prepared in the laboratory from anthranilic acid via the diazonium salt. It is the product of the microbial action on phenanthrene. The compound forms a variety of coordination polymers. It also exhibits atropisomerism. It can form an internal anhydride featuring a seven-membered ring fused to the two benzene rings.

加保扶（英語：Carbofuran）是氨基甲酸酯類農藥，目前市面上毒性最強的農藥之一。

Ezetimibe, sold under the brand name Zetia among others, is a medication used to treat high blood cholesterol and certain other lipid abnormalities. Generally it is used together with dietary changes and a statin. Alone, it is less preferred than a statin. It is taken by mouth. It is also available in the fixed-dose combinations ezetimibe/simvastatin, ezetimibe/atorvastatin, ezetimibe/rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe/bempedoic acid. The most commonly reported adverse events include upper respiratory tract infections, joint pain, diarrhea, and tiredness. Serious side effects may include anaphylaxis, liver problems, depression, and muscle breakdown. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. Ezetimibe works by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the intestines. Ezetimibe was approved for medical use in the United States in 2002. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 79th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.

过氧亚硝酸（HNO3/HOONO/HONO2）是一种活性中间体，被广泛认为是自由基。它是过氧亚硝酸根（ONOO−）的共轭酸。它的pKa约为6.8。过氧亚硝酸可以均裂成二氧化氮和羟基自由基，这是一对笼蔽的自由基。大约66%的时间，这两个自由基通过电子转移形成硝酰阳离子和氢氧根离子。其他33%的时间，这两种物质以自由基形成从溶剂笼中逃逸。过氧亚硝酸在大气化学中较重要。

Ethyl acetoacetate is an ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol. It has a role as a flavouring agent, an antibacterial agent and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an acetoacetic acid.

6-甲氧基蜂蜜曲菌素（英语：6-Methoxymellein）是一种酚类二氢异香豆素衍生物。可以在胡萝卜和胡萝卜糊中发现。是胡萝卜中苦味来源之一。它是一种植物保卫素，由短波紫外线（UVC）诱导胡萝卜产生，来抵抗灰葡萄孢菌等微生物。

Sulfolane is a natural product found in Batzella and Lissoclinum with data available.

文拉法辛（英語：Venlafaxine，商品名: 怡诺斯 或 博乐欣）是一种5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂（SNRI）类的抗抑郁药。该药首先由惠氏于1993年研发，现在由辉瑞负责市场销售。该药被批准用于治疗重性抑郁障碍（MDD）、广泛性焦虑症（GAD）以及伴随焦虑的抑郁症。文拉法辛在2007年是美国零售市场上最常用的抗抑郁药第6名。

Paraldehyde is a trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. It has a role as a sedative.

洛哌丁胺（loperamide）, 較常用的商品名是Imodium，是一種止腹瀉藥物。常用於腸胃炎、炎症性肠病、和短腸徵候群。洛哌丁胺並不適用於痢疾病人身上，大多是口服藥物。

1,3-Propanediol is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, and Vitis vinifera with data available.

乙酸异丁酯，结构式CH3C(O)OCH2CH(CH3)2。

Indole is a natural product found in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, Daphne odora, and other organisms with data available.

吲（yǐn）哚（duǒ）（英語：Indole），又名靛基质，是芳香杂环有机化合物，為双环结构，有苯环和五元含氮吡咯环。氮的孤对电子参与形成芳香环，吲哚不是碱，性质也不同简单的胺。 吲哚在室温是固体。吲哚广泛分布于自然环境中，尤其是人类和畜禽粪便中，有强烈粪臭味；但很低浓度的吲哚有像花的香味，是橘子花等许多花香的成分，煤焦油也會有吲哚。吲哚也用来制造香水。 很多有机化合物都有吲哚结构，比如色氨酸及含色氨酸的蛋白质，生物碱及色素也有吲哚结构。 吲哚能亲电取代，多取代于3位。取代吲哚是许多色胺碱的基础结构，比如神经传递素复合胺，褪黑素，迷幻药，二甲基色胺，5-甲氧基-二甲基色胺和LSD。其他的吲哚化合物包括植物生长素（吲哚-3-乙酸），抗炎药物消炎痛（茚甲新）和血管舒张药物心得乐。 吲哚首次由混合靛蓝和发烟硫酸制得，英名indole由indigo（靛藍）和oleum（发烟硫酸）组成。

Undecan-2-one is a dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups. It has a role as a rodenticide and a plant metabolite. It is a dialkyl ketone and a methyl ketone.

双酚AF（英語：Bisphenol AF，缩写BPAF）是一种含氟双酚类化合物，和双酚A（BPA）相比，其两个甲基基团被替换为三氟甲基基团。

Methamphetamine is a member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. It has a role as a neurotoxin, a psychotropic drug, a central nervous system stimulant, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a member of amphetamines and a secondary amine. It is functionally related to a (S)-amphetamine. It is a conjugate base of a methamphetamine(1+).

1,3-丙二胺（或称为1,3-二氨基丙烷，英語：1,3-Diaminopropane，三亚甲基二胺，英語：trimethylenediamine）是一种有机化合物，结构简式H2N(CH2)3NH2，常温常压下为无色液体，有鱼腥味，溶于水和许多极性有机溶剂。与其同分异构体1,2-丙二胺都是许多杂环化合物有机合成的原料

Lysergic acid is an ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position. It derives from a hydride of a 6-methylergoline.

矢车菊素（cyanidin）是最常见的花青素之一，广泛存在于多种植物的花、果甚至茎叶中。

Juvabione is a sesquiterpenoid.

保幼酮（英語：Juvabione）是一种有机化合物，化学式C16H26O3，能视为倍半萜椴松酸的甲酯，属于昆虫保幼激素的相似物，由植物合成抵御昆虫。

Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.

蜀黍氰苷（英語：Dhurrin），简称蜀黍苷，学名对羟基苯甲醛氰醇葡萄糖苷，是一种存在于许多植物，特别是高粱（别名蜀黍）中的生氰糖苷，可在动物体内分解出有毒的氢氰酸（HCN）引起人畜氢氰酸中毒。1906年曾发生过大规模牛氢氰酸中毒事件，并导致人们在许多高粱品种中发现了这一物质。因其常见于高粱植株中，世界各地都有牲畜因误食高粱植株引起的中毒报告。

Lactobionic acid is a disaccharide formed between beta-D-galactose and D-gluconic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is functionally related to a lactose. It is a conjugate acid of a lactobionate.

哌拉西林（INN：piperacillin）是一种半合成的β-内酰胺类广谱抗生素，化学本质属尿酸青霉素。哌拉西林能有效杀灭革兰氏阴性菌以及部分革兰氏阳性菌，但对金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌无效。 哌拉西林的相关专利于1974年取得。1981年，该药物获批上市。目前临床上哌拉西林一般会与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂他唑巴坦联用以增强疗效。不过哌拉西林与他唑巴坦联用的疗法因青霉素类抗生素一般不能与耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的青霉素结合蛋白高效结合而难以有效杀灭MRSA。哌拉西林与他唑巴坦联用是美国非联邦医院中最常使用的治疗方法之一。

Hypericin is a natural product found in Hypericum ascyron, Hypericum tomentosum, and other organisms with data available.

十三烷（分子式：C13H28），烷烃的一种，在室温下是无色可燃的液体。它是一些昆虫用于御敌时喷射出的化学物质成分。十三烷有802個同分异构体。

Tetrahymanol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid having a 3beta- (21alpha-) hydroxy-substituted gammacerane structure. It derives from a hydride of a gammacerane.

丙帕他莫是扑热息痛的前药，由扑热息痛和羧酸二乙基甘氨酸酯化形成。这具有使其更易溶于水的优点。它用于术后透过静脈注射护理无法以口服或直肠给药扑热息痛，并且禁用非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)的患者。丙帕他莫起效比口服扑热息痛快。 2克丙帕他莫相当于1 克扑热息痛的藥效。

Testosterone is a natural product found in Locusta migratoria, Botrytis cinerea, and other organisms with data available.

4-羟基苯乙醛又称对羟基苯乙醛，是分子式为HOC6H4CH2CHO的天然产物，它在室温为白色固体，是苯乙醛的衍生物。它在人体内由单胺氧化酶（MAO）代谢酪胺形成或大肠杆菌内的酪胺氧化酶产生。 4-羟基苯乙醛和多巴胺的缩合反应是生物合成苄基异喹啉生物鹼的关键一步，包括小檗鹼和嗎啡等天然产物。

Tellurium tetrafluoride is a tellurium coordination entity.

甲基苯丙胺可用在非醫療用途上，會被非法交易販售。甲基苯丙胺的非法使用在亚洲部分地区、大洋洲和美国最为普遍。在美国，消旋甲基苯丙胺、左旋及右旋甲基苯丙胺均为第二类管制药品。左旋甲基苯丙胺的吸入型鼻塞緩解劑是美國的非处方药，因此能直接在市面上購買。在國際上，甲基安非他命名列《精神药物公约》中的第二級分類表（schedule II），因此在從事甲基安非他命的生產、散播、銷售和加工等活動都被許多國家嚴格管制或禁止。右旋安非他命（Dextromethamphetamine）的藥效比甲基苯丙胺更加強烈，但因為甲基苯丙胺的化学合成難度較低，其前体較容易取得，因此比較容易非法製造生產甲基苯丙胺。 甲基苯丙胺在化合物分類上屬於苯乙胺衍生物及苯丙胺衍生物，和其他的二甲基苯乙胺互為结构异构，有共同的分子式：C10H15N 。

Paroxetine, sold under the brand name Paxil among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It has also been used in the treatment of premature ejaculation and hot flashes due to menopause. It is taken orally (by mouth). Common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, sweating, trouble sleeping, and sexual dysfunction. Serious side effects may include suicidal thoughts in those under the age of 25, serotonin syndrome, and mania. While the rate of side effects appears similar compared to other SSRIs and SNRIs, antidepressant discontinuation syndromes may occur more often. Use in pregnancy is not recommended, while use during breastfeeding is relatively safe. It is believed to work by blocking the reuptake of the chemical serotonin by neurons in the brain. Paroxetine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1992 and initially sold by GlaxoSmithKline. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 92nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions. In 2018, it was in the top 10 of most prescribed antidepressants in the United States.

2Zn + 2CH3I → Zn(CH3)2 + ZnI2

Hypoglycin A is a diastereoisomeric mixture of (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)- hypoglycin A, found in the edible part of the fruit of the Ackee, Blighia sapida (where the 2S,4R diastereoisomer is more dominant (17% d.e.) than its 2S,4S counterpart) as well as in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus). It has a role as a phytotoxin. It contains a (2S,4S)-hypoglycin A and a (2S,4R)-hypoglycin A.

2-甲基戊烷是一种支链烷烃，又稱做異己烷，具有分子式C6H14。它可由4-甲基-2-戊酮的催化加氢反应制得。

Gmelinol is a lignan. (+)-Gmelinol can be isolated from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea. This compound, along with four other chemicals also found in the same species, (+)-7′-O-ethyl arboreol, (+)-paulownin, (+)-epieudesmin and (−)-β-sitosterol, shows antifungal activity against Trametes versicolor.

可尔特罗（INN：colterol）是一种短效β2肾上腺素受体激动剂。比托特罗是可尔特罗的前药，可用于治疗哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病中的支气管痉挛。

Phenazopyridine is a medication which, when excreted by the kidneys into the urine, has a local analgesic effect on the urinary tract. It is often used to help with the pain, irritation, or urgency caused by urinary tract infections, surgery, or injury to the urinary tract. In 2021, it was the 285th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.

环戊烷（分子式：C5H10）是五个碳的环烷烃。室温下为无色澄清高度易燃的液体，有类似汽油的气味。难溶于水，溶于苯、醇、醚、四氯化碳等多数有机溶剂中。熔点-94°C，沸点49°C。 环戊烷由德国化学家约翰内斯·维斯利克纳斯于1893年首次合成。

Pivalic acid is a carboxylic acid with a molecular formula of (CH3)3CCO2H. This colourless, odiferous organic compound is solid at room temperature. Two abbreviations for pivalic acid are t-BuC(O)OH and PivOH. The pivalyl or pivaloyl group is abbreviated t-BuC(O). Pivalic acid is an isomer of valeric acid, the other two isomers of it are 2-Methylbutanoic acid and 3-Methylbutanoic acid.

2,6-二甲基萘（缩写：2,6-DMN）是一种多環芳香烴。它是12种C2萘的同分异构体之一。2,6-二甲基萘作为高性能聚酯纤维和薄膜的起始原料在商业上是重要的。2,6-二甲基萘的氧化反应可以制备聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEN）。

Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO. It is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature. It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants. It is also produced by the partial oxidation of ethanol by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and is a contributing cause of hangover after alcohol consumption. Pathways of exposure include air, water, land, or groundwater, as well as drink and smoke. Consumption of disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby causing it to build up in the body. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has listed acetaldehyde as a Group 1 carcinogen. Acetaldehyde is "one of the most frequently found air toxins with cancer risk greater than one in a million".

乳清酸（英語：Orotic acid，共軛鹼作orotate）或嘧啶酸（pyrimidinecarboxylic acid）是一種雜環化合物，也是一種有機酸。乳清酸曾經被誤以為是一種維生素B，並被稱為vitamin B13，但後來發現他並不屬於維生素。

Amantadine is a member of the class of adamantanes that is used as an antiviral and antiparkinson drug. It has a role as an antiviral drug, an antiparkinson drug, a dopaminergic agent, an analgesic, a NMDA receptor antagonist and a non-narcotic analgesic. It is a primary aliphatic amine and a member of adamantanes. It is a conjugate base of an adamantan-1-aminium. It derives from a hydride of an adamantane.

他布比妥（英语：Talbutal）是一种巴比妥类药物，作用时间短至中等。它是布他比妥的结构异构体。他布比妥是美国的附表III药物。

Diethyl sulfide is an ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom.

亚胺培南（Imipenem）是一种碳青霉烯类抗生素， 属于β-内酰胺类。该药于20世纪70年代中期由默沙东开发 。 同其他碳青霉烯类抗生素类似，亚胺培南对许多多重耐药革兰氏阴性菌产生的β-内酰胺酶具有高度抗性，因此在治疗耐药菌导致的感染中发挥关键作用。

Dihydrolipoamide is a molecule oxidized by dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase in order to produce lipoamide. Lipoamide is subsequently used as a cofactor for α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex.

甲硅烷是在1857年由德国化学家海因里希·布夫（Heinrich Buff）和弗里德里希·維勒（Friedrich Wöhler）通过盐酸和硅化铝反应发现的。

Longifolene is a common sesquiterpene. It is oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. The name is derived from that of a pine species from which the compound was isolated. It is a tricyclic chiral molecule. The enantiomer commonly found in pines and other higher plants exhibits a positive optical rotation of +42.73°. The other enantiomer (optical rotation −42.73°) is found in small amounts in certain fungi and liverworts.

保泰松是一种作用于中枢神经系统的药物，属吡唑酮类衍生物，解热镇痛作用较弱而抗炎作用较强，对炎性疼痛效果好，并能促进尿酸的排泄。

Heptachlor is a cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations. It has a role as a GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist, an agrochemical, an antibacterial agent, a persistent organic pollutant and an antifungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-indene.

氨芬酸（英語：Amfenac，也称为2-氨基-3-苯甲酰基苯乙酸，2-amino-3-benzoylbenzeneacetic acid）是一种含氮有机化合物，分子式C15H13N3O，可作为乙酸衍生物类非甾体类抗炎药（NSAID）。

Dihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid.

瑞舒伐他汀（英語：Rosuvastatin），商品名为Crestor，中文商品名在中國大陸為可定、在台灣為冠脂妥，是一种他汀类药物，与运动、饮食控制和减肥联合来治疗高胆固醇血症和其他相关症状，也用来预防心血管疾病。瑞舒伐他汀由盐野义制药研发。可定是美国药品销量排行榜的第四名，2013年创造的销售额约为52亿美元。

Suberic acid, also octanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid, with formula C8H14O4. It is a colorless crystalline solid used in drug syntheses and plastics manufacture. Its name is derived from the Latin word suber which means cork.

脯氨酸（Proline，縮寫為Pro 或P ）是一個α-氨基酸，又是一個環狀胺基酸，20個DNA編碼的其中之一。它极易溶于水，微溶于乙醇、丙酮、苯，不溶于乙醚、丙醇。 虽然属于蛋白胺基酸，并不是伯胺而是仲胺（旧称为亞胺酸），因此具有特殊構象剛性，影響肽的二級結構。其對應密碼子為CCU、CCC、CCA和CCG。

Adapalene is a naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether. It has a role as a dermatologic drug, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a member of adamantanes and a naphthoic acid. It is functionally related to a CD437.

去甲苯福林（英語：Norfenefrine，也称作间章胺，meta-octopamine，3-章胺，3-octopamine，3,β-二羟基苯乙胺，3,β-dihydroxyphenethylamine）是章胺的同分异构体，分子式C8H11NO2，是一种拟交感神经药。

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation. This includes painful menstrual periods, migraines, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a premature baby. It can be taken orally (by mouth) or intravenously. It typically begins working within an hour. Common side effects include heartburn, nausea, indigestion, and abdominal pain. As with other NSAIDs, potential side effects include gastrointestinal bleeding. Long-term use has been associated with kidney failure, and rarely liver failure, and it can exacerbate the condition of patients with heart failure. At low doses, it does not appear to increase the risk of heart attack; however, at higher doses it may. Ibuprofen can also worsen asthma. While its safety in early pregnancy is unclear, it appears to be harmful in later pregnancy, so it is not recommended during that period. Like other NSAIDs, it works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins by decreasing the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Ibuprofen is a weaker anti-inflammatory agent than other NSAIDs. Ibuprofen was discovered in 1961 by Stewart Adams and John Nicholson while working at Boots UK Limited and initially marketed as Brufen. It is available under a number of brand names including Advil, Motrin, and Nurofen. Ibuprofen was first marketed in 1969 in the United Kingdom and in 1974 in the United States. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 33rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 17 million prescriptions.

甘油醛（glyceraldehyde (glyceral)）是一个丙糖，化学式为C3H6O3，是最简单的醛糖。它是有甜味的无色晶体，作为糖类代谢的中间产物，同时也在D-/L-标记中作为标准物。

Dodecanal is a long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 2,3-saturated fatty aldehyde, a medium-chain fatty aldehyde and a long-chain fatty aldehyde. It derives from a hydride of a dodecane.

乙酰丙嗪是一种橙黄色油状液体。沸点220-240℃（66.5Pa）。其马来酸盐为黄色结晶，熔点135-136℃，溶于水，0.1%的水溶液pH为5.2，无臭。味苦。用途与氯丙嗪相似，但安定作用比氯丙嗪弱，疗效较差。用于镇静、抗精神病、镇吐、镇痛和抗惊厥等。与止痛药、催眠药、局部麻醉药等合用时能加强其作用。与哌替啶、异丙嗪合用为人工冬眠剂。

Isoxazole is a monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles. It is a mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent, a monocyclic heteroarene and a member of isoxazoles.

双缩脲（英語：Biuret）通常指化学式为 [H2NC(O)]2NH 的有机化合物，是两分子尿素的脱氨产物，常温下为白色固体，易溶于热水。同时，双缩脲也指带有 -(HN-CO-)2N- 这一官能团的化合物，如 [Me(H)NC(O)]2NH 称为二甲基双缩脲（dimethyl biuret）。

Diethanolamine is a natural product found in Echinops exaltatus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other organisms with data available.

胸腺嘧啶（英語：Thymine，簡寫為 T），又稱為5-甲基尿嘧啶（英語：5-methyluracil），為嘧啶類鹼基，是形成DNA核苷酸中四種鹼基（G－C－A－T）的其中一種。

Minaprine is a member of pyridazines, a secondary amine and a member of morpholines. It has a role as an antidepressant, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, a cholinergic drug and an antiparkinson drug.

米那普林（INN：minaprine；商品名Brantur、Cantor）是一种属于单胺氧化酶抑制剂类的抗抑郁药，在法国用于治疗抑郁症，但在1996年由于驚厥副作用被从市场撤回。 它的合成于1979年首次在专利中被报道：

Fenofibrate is a chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a geroprotector. It is a chlorobenzophenone, a member of monochlorobenzenes, an aromatic ether and an isopropyl ester. It is functionally related to a benzophenone.

5-甲基尿苷（英語：5-methyluridine，缩写m⁵U或m5U，也称为核糖胸苷，ribothymidine）是一种核苷，由胸腺嘧啶与核糖组成，常温常压下为白色固体。

Gramine is an aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a serotonergic antagonist, an antiviral agent and an antibacterial agent. It is an aminoalkylindole, an indole alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a gramine(1+).

薄荷酮（Menthone）是有薄荷味的单萜，多種天然精油都有之。l-薄荷酮（或（2S,5R）-反-2-異丙基-5-甲基環己酮）如右圖所示，為四種立體異構體中含量最高。結構類似薄荷醇，後者有仲醇而非羰基。薄荷酮因其特有的芳香和薄荷氣味而用於調味品、香水和化妝品。

Isocyanic acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.

砷酸为砷(V)的含氧酸，分子式H3AsO4。三元中强酸，酸性及其他性质均类似磷酸。

Mebendazole is a carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. It has a role as an antinematodal drug, a tubulin modulator and a microtubule-destabilising agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles, a carbamate ester and an aromatic ketone. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-benzimidazole.

甲苯咪唑的藥物耐受性很高。常見的副作用有頭痛、嘔吐以及耳鳴。使用過大劑量的話恐有骨髓抑制的疑慮 。在懷孕期間使用的安全性之研究尚不明確 。甲苯咪唑是種可廣泛使用苯並咪唑類的驅蟲藥劑。 甲苯咪唑在1971年開始正式使用，是名列世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單中的藥品，也是基礎醫療系統裡的重要藥物之一。此藥也是作為通用名藥品在使用。單劑的量販價大約介於0.004到0.04美元間 。在美國，一劑的售價約為18美元。

Lactitol is a disaccharide sugar alcohol produced from lactose. It is used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods with 30–40% of the sweetness of sucrose. It is also used medically as a laxative.

四甲基铵阳离子，简称TMA或Me4N+是最简单的季铵阳离子，由四个甲基和中心的氮阳离子组成，和新戊烷是等电子体。它有正电荷，只能在平衡离子存在下才能分离。四甲基铵盐则是这种离子形成的化合物，例如四甲基氯化铵和四甲基氢氧化铵。四甲基铵盐可用于化学合成，并广泛用于药理学研究。

Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400–500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation.

厄贝沙坦（CADN，INN：Irbesartan，发音为/ɜrbəˈsɑrtən/）是一种血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂，主要用于高血压的治疗，在中国已被列入国家基本药物目录。厄贝沙坦由赛诺菲公司（现为赛诺菲－安万特的一部分）研制，其市场由赛诺菲－安万特和百时美施贵宝共同开发，使用的商品名有Aprovel（中国市场称安博维）、Karvea和Avapro。曾使用过的非标准译名还有伊贝沙坦。