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Formetanate is a carbamate ester. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a carbamate insecticide, an acaricide and an agrochemical. It is functionally related to a methylcarbamic acid and a N'-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine. | 伐虫脒（英語：Formetanate）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式为C11H15N3O2，可作为杀虫剂和杀螨剂，用于保护柑橘属和紫花苜蓿的梨果和核果。 | 1 |
Taleranol (INN, USAN) (developmental code name P-1560), or teranol, also known as β-zearalanol, is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen of the resorcylic acid lactone group related to mycoestrogens found in Fusarium spp which was never marketed. It is the β epimer of zeranol (α-zearalanol) and is a major metabolite of zeranol but with less biological activity. | 二甲苯麝香（英語：Musk xylene，化学名：5-叔丁基-2,4,6-三硝基间二甲苯或1-叔丁基-3,5-二甲基-2,4,6-三硝基苯）是一种人工合成麝香，它已被用作各种香水消费品中的固定剂，以及一些化妆品中。 | 0 |
Trimethyl phosphate is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid. It is a colourless, nonvolatile liquid. It has some specialized uses in the production of other compounds. | 新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮（Neohesperidosyl dihydrochalcone, Neohesperidin DC, NHDC）是一种从天然柑橘植物中提取到的新橙皮苷氢化而成的黄酮类衍生物，是一种人工甜味剂。二氢查耳酮是一类非常重要的活性成分, 具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、抗菌以及雌激素样作用。在欧洲已被允许作为甜味剂。1997年，新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮被中华人民共和国卫生部列入“食品添加剂使用卫生标准”增补品种，可用于食品工业。其具有强烈的甜味（是蔗糖甜度的1500~1800倍），口感清爽，余味持久，具有极佳的屏蔽苦味的功效。目前由于提炼率较低，价格昂贵，尚未广泛应用于食品行业。 | 0 |
Dimethylselenide is an organoselenium compound of two methyl groups covalently bound to a selenium. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite. | 來那度胺（英語：Lenalidomide）以Revlimid（瑞復美）等商品名稱出售，是一種用於治療多發性骨髓瘤、燜燃型骨髓瘤和骨髓增生異常症候群 (MDS) 的藥物。對於治療多發性骨髓瘤，通常會在患者至少已經歷一種其他治療方式後才會使用，並同時加上地塞米松（一種人工合成的皮質類固醇）。這種藥品係透過口服給藥攝入。 | 0 |
Tetraethylammonium is a natural product found in Allium sativum with data available. | 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯（英語：bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 或 di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate，缩写分别为BEHP与DEHP），又称鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯、酞酸二辛酯（dioctyl phthalate，缩写DOP），化學式C6H4(CO2C8H17)2，为邻苯二甲酸与2-乙基己醇生成的酯类化合物。它是最重要的邻苯二甲酸酯，也是使用最广和产量最大的塑化剂（或俗稱的可塑劑）。 | 0 |
Cyclohexene is a natural product found in Rattus rattus, Tetradium ruticarpum, and Tapirira guianensis with data available. | 环己烯是六个碳的环烯烃，分子式为C6H10，室温下为无色液体。 | 1 |
Methyprylon is an organic molecular entity. | 雄烯二醇（英語：Androstenediol，或称为5-雄烯二醇 5-androstenediol、雄-5-烯-3,17-二醇 androst-4-ene-3,17-diol，缩写A5、Δ5-diol）是一种活性较弱的内源性雄激素，也是由脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）生物合成睾酮的中间产物。雄烯二醇和雄烯二酮（Androstenedione，androst-4-ene-3,17-dione）名称类似，但要注意两者的碳碳双键位置不同。 | 0 |
Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula (CH2)10(CO2H)2. A white solid, the compound finds a variety of applications ranging from polymers to materials. The unbranched compound is the most commonly encountered C12 dicarboxylic acid. | 1,12-十二烷二酸是含有十二个碳原子的二羧酸，结构式HOOC(CH2)10COOH。 | 1 |
Mianserin is a dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. It has a role as an antidepressant, a histamine agonist, a sedative, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, a serotonergic antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor and a geroprotector. | 米塞林被發現能夠使秀麗隱桿線蟲(C. Elegans)的壽命延長30%；同樣的，在美國亦有研究發覺在服用米塞林的病者亦有類似的發現，這是由於米塞林可以增加大腦當中快樂幸福的感覺，進而可能增加長壽的機會。 | 1 |
Pristane is a natural saturated terpenoid alkane obtained primarily from shark liver oil, from which its name is derived (Latin pristis, "shark"). It is also found in the stomach oil of birds in the order Procellariiformes and in mineral oil and some foods. Pristane and phytane are used in the fields of geology and environmental science as biomarkers to characterize origins and evolution of petroleum hydrocarbons and coal.
It is a transparent oily liquid that is immiscible with water, but soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
Pristane is known to induce autoimmune diseases in rodents. It is used in research to understand the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
It is used as a lubricant, a transformer oil, an immunologic adjuvant, and an anti-corrosion agent, biological marker, plasmocytomas inducer and in production of monoclonal antibodies.
Biosynthetically, pristane is derived from phytol and is used as a biomarker in petroleum studies. Tocopherols represent an alternate sedimentary source of pristane in sediments and petroleum.
Toxicity of pristane is alleviated by aconitine. | 萉（fèi）（英語：Phenalene），又稱迫苯并萘、丙烯合萘、非那烯、莒（jǔ），是一种多环芳香烃，化学式为C13H10。与其它多数多环芳香烃一样，萉是化石燃料不完全燃烧产生的污染物之一。萉的三个环并不都是芳香性的。 | 0 |
Fudosteine is an organic molecular entity. | 甲硫氨酸（英語：Methionine, /mɪˈθaɪəniːn/），又稱蛋胺酸，可简写为“Met”或“M”，在所有後生動物中它是一種必需氨基酸。與半胱氨酸一起，甲硫氨酸是兩個含硫蛋白原氨基酸之一。對人而言是唯一的含硫必需氨基酸，由mRNA上担任起始密码子的AUG密碼子编码。甲硫氨酸最早由美国生物化学家约翰·霍华德·穆勒于1921年分离提纯。 | 0 |
Lysine is a diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid, a diamino acid and a polar amino acid. It contains a 4-aminobutyl group. It is functionally related to a hexanoic acid. It is a conjugate base of a lysinium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a lysinate. | 拉米夫定（英語：Lamivudine，一般稱為3TC），是一種抗反轉錄病毒藥物，用以預防及治療愛滋病，若沒有其他藥物選擇時，也可以拿來治療慢性B型肝炎。拉米夫定治療HIV-1和HIV-2都很有效。通常會跟其他抗反轉錄病毒藥合併使用，例如齊多夫定和阿巴卡維。此藥也可納入暴露後預防療法之一，用以治療可能接觸到HIV的患者 。給藥方式為口服藥水或藥錠。 | 0 |
Ammonium thioglycolate is an organic ammonium salt having thioglycolate(1-) as the counterion. Also known as perm salt, it has use in perming hair. It has a role as a reducing agent and an allergen. It contains a thioglycolate(1-). | 胍（guā）（英語：Guanidine），又稱亞胺基甲二胺，是一个含氮的有机化合物，晶状固体，有强碱性，也称“氨基甲脒”，可由瓜氨酸氧化制得。一般以盐的形式使用，是有机合成（合成杂环化合物）、药物、染料合成的中间体。胍也存在于尿液中，是蛋白质的代谢产物。
胍可由碘化铵与氰氨化钙反应或尿素与氨加压反应制得。 | 0 |
Delphinine is a toxic diterpenoid alkaloid found in plants from the Delphinium (larkspur) and Atragene (a clematis) genera, both in the family Ranunculaceae. Delphinine is the principal alkaloid found in Delphinium staphisagria seeds – at one time, under the name stavesacre, a very well known herbal treatment for body lice. It is related in structure and has similar effects to aconitine, acting as an allosteric modulator of voltage gated sodium channels, and producing low blood pressure, slowed heart rate and abnormal heart rhythms. These effects make it highly poisonous (LD50 1.5–3.0 mg/kg in rabbit and dog; frogs are ~10x more susceptible). While it has been used in some alternative medicines (e.g. in herbal medicine), most of the medical community does not recommend using it due to its extreme toxicity. | 1-丁醇，是醇类的一種，每個分子擁有四个碳原子，其分子式為C4H10O。1-丁醇也称作正丁醇或丁醇（可能有歧義），它有三種同分異構體，分别是异丁醇、仲丁醇和叔丁醇。 | 0 |
Triphenyl phosphate is an aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol. It has a role as a flame retardant and a plasticiser. It is functionally related to a phenol. | 青霉胺，以Cuprimine品牌销售，是一种主要用于治疗威尔逊氏病的口服药物 ，还用于患有尿胱氨酸水平高、类风湿性关节炎以及各种重金属中毒的肾结石患者。 | 0 |
Ethanesulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is ethyl. It is a conjugate acid of an ethanesulfonate. | 大豆苷（英語：Daidzin，也称为黄豆苷）是一种植物产生的異黃酮化合物，常见于大豆的叶中
大豆苷是大豆苷元的7-O-葡萄糖苷。
在动物模型中，大豆苷展现了治疗酒精依赖（酗酒）的潜力。 | 0 |
Padimate O is a benzoate ester. | 二甲氨苯酸辛酯，俗称帕地马酯O（英語：Padimate O）是一种有机化合物，为对氨基苯甲酸（PABA）衍生物，可吸收紫外线，常用于防晒剂中。为淡黄色油状液体，不溶于水，由2-乙基己醇与二甲氨基苯甲酸发生酯化反应得到。 | 1 |
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics. It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe side effects include an increased risk of tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage. In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness. Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin. Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy. No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication. It appears to be safe during breastfeeding. It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced by Bayer in 1987. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies ciprofloxacin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 181st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. | 对胺基苯甲酸（PABA）是苯甲酸的苯环上的对位（4-位）被氨基取代后形成的化合物。 | 0 |
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. In liquid form, H2O is also called "water" at standard temperature and pressure.
Because Earth's environment is relatively close to water's triple point, water exists on Earth as a solid, a liquid, and a gas. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor.
Water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface, with seas and oceans making up most of the water volume (about 96.5%). Small portions of water occur as groundwater (1.7%), in the glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland (1.7%), and in the air as vapor, clouds (consisting of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation (0.001%). Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea.
Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70% of the fresh water used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies has been, and continues to be, a major source of food for many parts of the world, providing 6.5% of global protein. Much of the long-distance trade of commodities (such as oil, natural gas, and manufactured products) is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and canals. Large quantities of water, ice, and steam are used for cooling and heating in industry and homes. Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of substances, both mineral and organic; as such, it is widely used in industrial processes and in cooking and washing. Water, ice, and snow are also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment, such as swimming, pleasure boating, boat racing, surfing, sport fishing, diving, ice skating, snowboarding, and skiing. | 鐨是在1952年第一次氫彈爆炸後的輻射落塵中發現的，並以諾貝爾獎得主原子核物理學家恩里科·費米（Enrico Fermi）命名。其化學屬性符合較重錒系元素的典型性质，在水溶液中以+3氧化態為主，但也能夠形成+2態。由於產量極少，鐨元素在科學研究之外沒有任何實際應用。與其他人工合成的元素一樣，鐨極具放射性，毒性亦很强。 | 0 |
Topotecan is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. | 托普樂肯（Topotecan；商品名：Hycamtin®，癌康定）是一種化學治療藥物，為拓樸異構酶I抑制物，一般用來治療卵巢癌與肺癌等癌症。 | 1 |
Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The l-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because l-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in treatment of androgenic alopecia. | 异丙叉丙酮（Mesityl oxide）即“4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮”，无色、透明易挥发的油状液体，有强烈的薄荷或蜂蜜气味，微溶于水，与多数有机溶剂混溶。 | 0 |
Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Specifically it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma. It is administered by injection into a vein. A liposomal formulation known as liposomal daunorubicin also exists.
Common side effects include hair loss, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, and inflammation of the inside of the mouth. Other severe side effects include heart disease and tissue death at the site of injection. Use in pregnancy may harm the fetus. Daunorubicin is in the anthracycline family of medication. It works in part by blocking the function of topoisomerase II.
Daunorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally isolated from bacteria of the Streptomyces type. | 二氯甲基醚（英語：Bis(chloromethyl) ether）是一个分子式为(CH2Cl)2O的有机化合物。这种物质主要用于在有机合成中在芳香环上引入氯甲基，同时亦曾用作军用毒气和催泪剂等。 在工业上二氯甲基醚由氯磺酸与硫酸的混合物与多聚甲醛反应合成。 | 0 |
Glimepiride is an antidiabetic medication within the sulfonylurea class, primarily prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes. It is regarded as a second-line option compared to metformin, due to metformin's well-established safety and efficacy. Use of glimepiride is recommended in conjunction with lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. It is taken by mouth, reaching a peak effect within three hours and lasting for about a day.
Common side effects include headache, nausea, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include low blood sugar. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. It works predominantly by increasing the amount of insulin released from the pancreas. It is classified as a second-generation sulfonylurea.
Glimepiride was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in 1995. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 64th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions. | 二氢硫辛酰胺（英語：Dihydrolipoamide）是二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶作用于硫辛酰胺而产生的一种分子。 | 0 |
Alvameline is a dihydropyridine. | 三甲基胂（英語：Trimethylarsine，简称TMA）是一种分子式为(CH3)3As（常缩写为AsMe3）的有机砷化合物。它是胂的衍生物，且是最简单的三烷基胂，具有类似大蒜的气味。早在1854年人们已经发现了这种化合物。 | 0 |
2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It has been used in explosives manufacturing and as a pesticide and herbicide.
In humans, DNP causes dose-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling, causing the rapid loss of ATP as heat and leading to uncontrolled hyperthermia—up to 44 °C (111 °F)—and death in case of overdose. Researchers noticed its effect on raising the basal metabolic rate in accidental exposure and developed it as one of the first weight loss drugs in the early twentieth century. DNP was banned from human use by the end of the 1930s due to its risk of death and toxic side effects. DNP continues to be used after its ban and experienced a resurgence in popularity after it became available on the Internet. | 氟草胺（英語：Benfluralin）是一种二硝基苯胺类除草剂，用于控制杂草生长，2004年在美国的使用量约为700,000磅。
氟草胺的作用机制为抑制杂草根和芽的发育。 | 0 |
Hexamethylbenzene is a natural product found in Chrysanthemum indicum with data available. | 二甲基硫醚，是最简单的硫醚化合物。結構、性質與二甲基醚類似。常溫下為無色揮發性液態。有著如海鮮般特殊氣味物質。在自然界中，常由蛋白質的分解產生。這也是海鮮腥味的來源之一。 | 0 |
Porphyrins ( POR-fər-ins) are a group of heterocyclic, macrocyclic, organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (=CH−). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, which is a component of hemoproteins, whose functions include carrying oxygen in the bloodstream. In plants, an essential porphyrin derivative is chlorophyll, which is involved in light harvesting and electron transfer in photosynthesis.
The parent of porphyrins is porphine, a rare chemical compound of exclusively theoretical interest. Substituted porphines are called porphyrins. With a total of 26 π-electrons, of which 18 π-electrons form a planar, continuous cycle, the porphyrin ring structure is often described as aromatic. One result of the large conjugated system is that porphyrins typically absorb strongly in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. they are deeply colored. The name "porphyrin" derives from Greek πορφύρα (porphyra) 'purple'. | 吉非替尼（Gefitinib），商品名為 艾瑞莎（Iressa），由阿斯利康制药和Teva發售。被用為治療乳癌、肺癌和其它癌症。 | 0 |
Suramin is a member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. It has a role as a ryanodine receptor agonist, a GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist, a GABA antagonist, an apoptosis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a purinergic receptor P2 antagonist, an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an antinematodal drug and a trypanocidal drug. It is a member of phenylureas, a secondary carboxamide and a naphthalenesulfonic acid. It is functionally related to a naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a suramin(6-). | 2,3-二氢呋喃（英語：2,3-Dihydrofuran）是一种杂环化合物。是最简单的烯醇醚之一。 | 0 |
Safrole is an organic compound with the formula CH2O2C6H3CH2CH=CH2. It is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. A member of the phenylpropanoid family of natural products, it is found in sassafras plants, among others. Small amounts are found in a wide variety of plants, where it functions as a natural antifeedant. Ocotea pretiosa, which grows in Brazil, and Sassafras albidum, which grows in eastern North America, are the main natural sources of safrole. It has a characteristic "sweet-shop" aroma.
It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide, the fragrance piperonal via isosafrole, and the empathogenic/entactogenic substance MDMA. | 1-十六烯是一种长链烯烃，化学式 CH2=CH(CH2)13CH3。它是十六烯众多异构体之一。作为α-烯烃，1-十六烯是一种无色液体。 | 0 |
N-acetyl-L-cysteine is an N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antioxidant, an antiviral drug, an antidote to paracetamol poisoning, a vulnerary, a mucolytic, a human metabolite, a radical scavenger, a ferroptosis inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a L-cysteine derivative, an acetylcysteine and a N-acetyl-L-amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of a N-acetyl-L-cysteinate. | 氮化硼是一種由相同數量的氮原子（N）和硼原子（B）組成的二元化合物，其實驗式是BN。氮化硼和碳是等電子的，並和碳一樣，氮化硼有多种同质异形体，其中六方氮化硼（α-BN）结构則類似於石墨，是一種十分實用的潤滑劑，立方氮化硼（β-BN）结构類似於鑽石，硬度仅低于金刚石，但耐高温性优于金刚石。 | 0 |
Propyl acetate is a natural product found in Zingiber mioga, Saussurea involucrata, and other organisms with data available. | 草蒿脑（英語：Estragole，也称为对烯丙基苯甲醚，p-allylanisole，或甲基佳味酚，methyl chavicol）是一种有机化合物，化学式C10H12O，是茴香脑的同分异构体，带有甲氧基和烯丙基基团。 | 0 |
2-Methylheptane is an alkane. | 氢化物是一类氢的化合物。严格意义上讲，氢化物只包含氢同金属相互结合的化合物，但由于概念的扩大，有时它也包含水、氨和碳氢化合物等物质。 | 0 |
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile is a tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. It is a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic ether, a polyether and a nitrile. | 維拉帕米，Verapamil（或稱Isoptin，异搏定），非二氫吡啶類之鈣離子通道阻斷劑(Non-Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker)。 | 1 |
Risperidone is a member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. It has a role as a serotonergic antagonist, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, a second generation antipsychotic, a dopaminergic antagonist, a psychotropic drug and an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor. It is a pyridopyrimidine, an organofluorine compound, a heteroarylpiperidine and a member of 1,2-benzoxazoles. | 巯基丙酮酸（英語：Mercaptopyruvic acid，或称为3-巯基丙酮酸或β-巯基丙酮酸）是结构式为HSCH2C(O)CO2H的有机化合物，是半胱氨酸代谢的中间产物。有尝试将其用于治疗氰化物中毒，但其在生物体内的半衰期非常短，难以起到临床效益。而一些前体药物，如2,5-二羟基-1,4-二硫杂环己烷-2,5-二甲酸有更好的生物半衰期。 | 0 |
Cystathionine is a modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of cystathionines and an organic sulfide. | 异丁醇（IUPAC名：2-甲基-1-丙醇）(2-Methyl-1-Propanol) 是一种无色易燃，有特殊气味的有机化合物。其异构体为正丁醇、仲丁醇和叔丁醇。它被列为醇类，因此，它被广泛用作化学反应的溶剂，同时也是有机合成的一个有用的原料。異丁醇 isobutanol 又稱 isobutyl alcohol 為同義詞。 | 0 |
Tephrosin is rotenoid. It is a natural fish poison found in the leaves and seeds of Tephrosia purpurea and T. vogelii. | 吡啶由苏格兰化学家托马斯·安德森（Thomas Anderson）于1849年在骨焦油中发现，两年后，安德森用分馏得到纯品。其可燃，安德森以希臘語πῦρ（τὸ、pyr，意为火）命名。吡啶的结构由Wilhelm Körner（于1869年）和詹姆斯·杜瓦（James Dewar，于1871年）分別独立确定。 | 0 |
Tabersonine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is an alkaloid ester, a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, a methyl ester and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of a tabersoninium(1+). | 氨基磺酸铵是一个无机化合物，分子式NH4NH2SO3，可由尿素与硫酸作用而得。25℃时在水中的溶解度为216g，可溶于甲酰胺和甘油，遇热分解。大鼠急性经口LD50为3900mg/kg。可作非选择性除草剂，对防除大多数木本植物具特殊的应用价值。 | 0 |
Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine, a methyl ester and a C-nitro compound. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent, a tocolytic agent and a human metabolite. | 硒酸钠(Sodium selenate)是具有化学式Na2SeO4的无机化合物，区分于亚硒酸钠。 它以无水盐、七水合物和十水合物的形式存在。 它们都是白色水溶性固体。十水合物是混合维生素补充剂和牲畜饲料中常见的成分，是硒的来源。 无水盐用于生产玻璃。虽然硒酸盐毒性更大，但硒酸钠和硫酸钠的许多物理性质相似。 | 0 |
Citramalic acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is malic acid (hydroxysuccinic acid) in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid, a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is functionally related to a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a citramalate(2-). | 大蒜素（英語：Allicin）是从石蒜科蔥亞科葱属植物大蒜（Allium Sativum）的鳞茎（大蒜头）中提取的一种有机硫化合物，也存在于洋葱和其他葱科植物中。 学名「二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯」（CH2O)-S-CH2-CHO)-S-R）一族。 | 0 |
Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) is a commonly used plasticizer used in the production of plastic and plastic coating to increase flexibility. It is a mixture of compounds derived from the esterification of phthalic acid and isomeric decyl alcohols.
The coating on furnishings, cookware, pharmaceutical pills, food wrappers and many other products may have DIDP or other phthalates in them. There has been recent concern in the US and European Union for their toxicity and bioaccumulative quality. The European Union has set a maximum specific migration limit (SML) from food contact materials of 9 mg/kg food for the sum of diisodecyl phthalates and diisononyl phthalates.
DIDP has been listed since 2007 under Proposition 65 as a substance known to the state of California to cause reproductive toxicity. The similar compound DINP is also listed.
In 2013, ECHA's Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) concluded that Di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) does not warrant classification for reprotoxic effects under the EU's Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation. | 邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯（英語：Diisodecyl phthalate，缩写DIDP）是一种常用的塑化劑，用于生产塑料和塑胶涂层，以增加灵活性。这化合物来自邻苯二甲酸和异癸醇（正癸醇的一种同分异构体）的酯化反应。家具、炊具、药丸、食品包装和许多其他产品上的涂层可能含有DIDP或其他邻苯二甲酸酯。最近美国和欧盟对于其毒性和生物累積量开始考量。欧盟已经设定了一个食品容器最大含量限值：鄰苯二甲酸二異癸酯和鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯的总和不得超过9毫克/千克食物容量。 | 1 |
Cefoperazone is a semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. | 岩白菜素（英語：Bergenin或cuscutin）是一种有机化合物，分子式C14H16O9，属于一种三羟基苯甲酸糖苷，是葡萄糖的C-糖苷衍生物，存在于腺毛岩白菜（Bergenia ciliata）、Bergenia ligulata，岩白菜（Bergenia purpurascens）等岩白菜属植物中。纯品为白色针状结晶，溶于甲醇、甲醛，微溶于水、丙酮、乙醇。 | 0 |
Bromodichloromethane is a trihalomethane with formula CHBrCl2. It is a colorless, nonflammable liquid which will dissolve in water, or evaporate in air. Most of the chemical is produced through the chlorine disinfection process, and as a result it can occur in municipally-treated drinking water. It is also produced in small quantities by algae in the oceans. According to the CDC, levels normal in drinking water are not known to cause health problems, but it has been classified by the US EPA as a probable human carcinogen.
Bromodichloromethane has formerly been used as a flame retardant, and a solvent for fats and waxes and because of its high density for mineral separation. Now it is only used as a reagent or intermediate in organic chemistry. In the US it is only produced in small quantities, which are used for these chemical reasons. For example, it can be used to produce phenyl(bromodichloromethyl)mercury, which is widely used in the production of dichlorocarbene. It can be prepared by treating a mixture of chloroform and bromoform with triethyl-benzylammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide. | 硝酸鎂是鎂元素的硝酸鹽，具有吸濕性，在潮湿的空氣中能快速与水反应形成六水合硝酸鎂[Mg(NO3)2·6H2O]。硝酸鎂易溶於水或乙醇。水溶液呈中性。 | 0 |
Selenate is a divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from selenic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a selenium oxoanion and a divalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogenselenate. | 喹唑啉（Quinazoline）是一种杂环化合物，化学式C8H6N2，由一个苯环与一个嘧啶环稠合而成。喹唑啉也可看做萘环的两个CH被N原子替换，这样的结构称为萘啶。 | 0 |
D-cycloserine is a 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis). It has a role as an antitubercular agent, an antiinfective agent, an antimetabolite, a metabolite and a NMDA receptor agonist. It is an organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic, an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic and a 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one. It is a conjugate base of a D-cycloserine(1+). It is an enantiomer of a L-cycloserine. It is a tautomer of a D-cycloserine zwitterion. | 來曲唑（英語：Letrozole），商品名復乳納（英語：Femara），是治疗乳癌的口服药物。也用于治疗女性不孕症，促进排卵。它只用于治療更年期后的乳腺癌。
常见副作用包括高膽固醇血症、潮熱、关节痛和肿胀。其他副作用包括可能不孕、疲劳和骨质疏松。怀孕期使用可能会伤害婴儿。它是一种芳香環轉化酶抑制劑。
來曲唑于1986年获得专利，并于1996年取得醫療使用許可。名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单。已有學名药流通於市。 | 0 |
Anidulafungin (INN): 42 (trade names Eraxis, Ecalta) is a semisynthetic echinocandin used as an antifungal drug. It was previously known as LY303366. It may also have application in treating invasive Aspergillus infection when used in combination with voriconazole. It is a member of the class of antifungal drugs known as the echinocandins; its mechanism of action is by inhibition of (1→3)-β-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme important to the synthesis of the fungal cell wall.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 榄香素（又称榄香脂素）是一种苯丙烯，是多种植物精油的组分之一。 | 0 |
Oleandomycin is a member of oleandomycins. It is functionally related to an oleandolide. It is a conjugate base of an oleandomycin(1+). | 蒽嵌蒽（英語：Anthanthrene）是一种多环芳香烃，由六个苯环稠合而成。外观为金黄色固体。和很多稠环芳烃不同，蒽嵌蒽不是致癌物。 | 0 |
Bendamustine is a member of benzimidazoles. | 苯達莫司汀 （英語：Bendamustine）以Treanda等商品名稱銷售，是一種化學治療藥物，用於慢性淋巴細胞白血病 (CLL)、多發性骨髓瘤和非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤治療之用，透過靜脈注射給藥。 | 1 |
Emylcamate is a carbamate ester. | 米加司他（INN：migalastat）是第一种用于治疗法布瑞氏症的口服药品。它和D-半乳糖具有相同的立体结构，但缺少第一个羟基，其醚氧位被氮原子取代，成为了亚胺糖。
米加司他一般以盐酸盐的形式使用，其盐酸盐为接近白色且可溶于水的晶体。 | 0 |
Rebeccamycin is an N-glycosyl compound consisting of a heteropolycyclic ring system with a glucosyl group attached to one of the indolic nitrogens. It is a N-glycosyl compound, an indolocarbazole, an organochlorine compound and an organic heterohexacyclic compound. | 五味子甲素（英語：Schisandrin A 或 Deoxyschizandrin）是一种有机化合物，分子式C24H32O6，是传统中药材五味子（学名：Schisandra chinensis）中提取的生物活性物质，对脂联素受体2（ADIPOR2）具有激动剂作用。 | 0 |
Befunolol is a member of benzofurans. | 龙胆碱（英語：Gentianine），又称龙胆宁或秦艽甲素，旧称秦艽生物碱甲，是一种吡啶生物碱，化学式为C10H9NO2，存在于秦艽（学名：Gentiana macrophylla）等植物中。 | 0 |
Deltamethrin is a cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide tralomethrin. It has a role as a pyrethroid ester insecticide, an agrochemical, an EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor, a calcium channel agonist and an antifeedant. It is an aromatic ether, an organobromine compound, a nitrile and a cyclopropanecarboxylate ester. It is functionally related to a cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. | 3-脲基丙酸（英語：3-Ureidopropionic acid 或称为N-氨基甲酰-β-丙氨酸N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine），结构简式：H2NC(O)NHCH2CH2COOH，是一种尿素的衍生物，在体内是尿嘧啶的代谢产物，再转化为β-丙氨酸。 | 0 |
Alpha,alpha-trehalose is a trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. | 水杨酸乙酯是一种酯，由水杨酸和乙醇缩合而成。它是一种无色液体，微溶于水，可溶于醇和醚。它有一个类似于冬青的香味，用于香水和人工香料。 | 0 |
Thiotepa (INN), sold under the brand name Tepadina among others, is an anti-cancer medication.
Thiotepa is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H4N)3PS. | 日齐素（英語：Rishitin）是一种二环倍半萜类化合物，化学式C14H22O2，存在于番茄、马铃薯等茄屬植物中。 | 0 |
Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, and a variety of pain syndromes such as neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, migraine and tension headaches. Due to the frequency and prominence of side effects, amitriptyline is generally considered a second-line therapy for these indications.
The most common side effects are dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, and weight gain. Glaucoma, liver toxicity and abnormal heart rhythms are rare but serious side effects. Blood levels of amitriptyline vary significantly from one person to another, and amitriptyline interacts with many other medications potentially aggravating its side effects.
Amitriptyline was discovered in the late 1950s by scientists at Merck and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 87th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions. | 癒創薁（英語：Guaiazulene），又稱癒創藍油烴，是一種深藍色的有機化合物，化學式為C15H18。癒創薁是薁的衍生物，是一種雙環倍半萜，也是一些精油（主要是癒創木油和洋甘菊油）的成分。各種軟珊瑚也含有癒創薁作為主要色素。癒創薁和薁的電子結構（和顏色）非常相似。 | 0 |
Methyl acetate is a natural product found in Peristeria elata, Elsholtzia ciliata, and other organisms with data available. | 磺胺嘧啶在 1941 年核准於美國治療使用。此藥名列世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，意即認可為醫療系統中最有效且安全的必備藥物。市面上可取得磺胺嘧啶的學名藥。發展中國家的每月藥物批發價約為 2.70 - 7.32 美元。在美國，每月的治療藥費超過 200 美元。 | 0 |
L-tryptophan is the L-enantiomer of tryptophan. It has a role as an antidepressant, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a tryptophan and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-tryptophanium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-tryptophanate. It is an enantiomer of a D-tryptophan. It is a tautomer of a L-tryptophan zwitterion. | 碳酸二苯酯(C13H10O3),白色结晶固体。 不溶于水，溶于热乙醇、苯、乙醚、四氯化碳、冰醋酸等有机溶剂。碳酸二苯酯在农药上主要用于合成异氰酸甲酯，进而制备氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂克百威。此外主要用于塑料工业，制造聚芳基碳酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸聚酯、单异氰酸酯、二异氰酸酯。也可以制备塑料增塑剂。化工生产中用作溶剂和载热体。 | 0 |
Helenalin, or (-)-4-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione, is a toxic sesquiterpene lactone which can be found in several plants such as Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis Helenalin is responsible for the toxicity of the Arnica spp.
Although toxic, helenalin possesses some in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic effects. Helenalin can inhibit certain enzymes, such as 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene C4 synthase. For this reason the compound or its derivatives may have potential medical applications. | 甲氯喹酮（英语：Mecloqualone）是一种喹唑啉酮类GABA能，是甲喹酮的类似物，于1960年首次生产，主要在法国和其他一些欧洲国家销售。由于其对GABAA受体的β亚型的激动剂活性，它具有镇静、催眠和抗焦虑的特性，并用于治疗失眠。甲氯喹酮比甲喹酮起效更快但持续时间更短，因此仅用作安眠药，而甲喹酮也可用作通用抗焦虑药。甲氯喹酮从未像甲喹酮那样广泛使用，并且由于担心其可能被滥用和过量服用而不再开处方。在美国，它是一种附表I非麻醉（镇静）受控物质，ACSCN为2572，年度总制造配额为30克。 | 0 |
Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. The molecule consists of an adenine attached to a ribose via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Adenosine is one of the four nucleoside building blocks of RNA (and its derivative deoxyadenosine is a building block of DNA), which are essential for all life on Earth. Its derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive in signal transduction. Adenosine is used as an intravenous medication for some cardiac arrhythmias.
Adenosyl (abbreviated Ado or 5'-dAdo) is the chemical group formed by removal of the 5′-hydroxy (OH) group. It is found in adenosylcobalamin (an active form of vitamin B12) and as a radical in the radical SAM enzymes. | 环辛烷（化学式：C8H16）是八个碳的环烷烃。 | 0 |
Sterculic acid is a long-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid composed of 9-octadecenoic acid having a 9,10-cyclopropenyl group. It is a cyclopropenyl fatty acid, a long-chain fatty acid and a monounsaturated fatty acid. It is functionally related to an octadec-9-enoic acid. | 苹婆酸（英語：Sterculic acid）是一种有机化合物，化学式C19H34O2，带有环丙烯基团，存在于蘋婆屬植物特别是香苹婆（学名：Sterculia foetida）的种子中。 | 1 |
Hydroxytyrosol is a member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. Isolated from Olea europaea, it exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of catechols and a primary alcohol. It is functionally related to a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol. | 氯化亞銅是銅(I)的氯化物，化學式為CuCl。氯化亞銅為白色固體，常作为制取其他铜化合物的原料。和其他第一列過渡元素的鹵化物不同，它可以和一氧化碳形成穩定的配合物。由于铜(I)常形成四面体型配合物，因此氯化亚铜晶体结构为闪锌矿型的。它是难溶于水的白色固体，易溶于浓盐酸，不纯的氯化亚铜样品因混有氯化铜而现绿色。 | 0 |
Fosamprenavir (FPV), sold under the brand names Lexiva and Telzir, is a medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. It is a prodrug of the protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir. It is marketed by ViiV Healthcare as the calcium salt.
Fosamprenavir was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2003, and in the European Union in July 2004. The human body metabolizes fosamprenavir in order to form amprenavir, which is the active ingredient.
A head-to-head study with lopinavir showed the two drugs to have comparable potency, but patients on fosamprenavir tended to have a higher serum cholesterol. | 吡咯-3-甲脒是一种有机化合物，化学式C5H7N3，源自于番茉莉属的几种植物，具有惊厥作用和神经毒性。牛、狗等家畜食用了这些植物可能引发中毒，其症状与番木鳖碱相似，可持续几小时到数天。 | 0 |
Chlorpyrifos is an organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an agrochemical, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, an acaricide and an insecticide. It is an organic thiophosphate and a chloropyridine. | 萘替芬（英語：Naftifine，商品名：Exoderil、Naftin）是一种含氮有机化合物，分子式C21H21N，通常以盐酸盐的形式存在，可作为抗足癣、股癣的抗真菌药。 | 0 |
Cordycepin is a 3'-deoxyribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It has a role as an antimetabolite and a nucleoside antibiotic. | 6-羟基犬尿喹啉酸（英語：6-Hydroxykynurenic acid）是一种含氮杂环化合物，化学式为C10H7NO4，为犬尿喹啉酸（一种氨基酸代谢产物）的衍生物，存在于银杏中，能作为AMPA和NMDA的受体拮抗剂。 | 0 |
L-mimosine is an L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica. It has a role as an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and a member of 4-pyridones. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-mimosine(1-). It is a tautomer of a L-mimosine zwitterion. | 玫瑰醚（英語：Rose oxide），又称氧化玫瑰。是一种具有香味的吡喃单萜衍生物，天然存在于保加利亚玫瑰油、留尼汪香叶油中，化学式C10H18O，常作为香精运用于化妆品以及食品中。 | 0 |
Aceclofenac is a monocarboxylic acid that is the carboxymethyl ester of diclofenac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug related to diclofenac, it is used in the management of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It has a role as an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-narcotic analgesic. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a carboxylic ester, a secondary amino compound, an amino acid and a dichlorobenzene. It is functionally related to a diclofenac. | 2020年德国科学家在细胞杂志上发表论文指出甲磺酸卡莫司他（英語：camostat mesylate）积极对抗TMPRSS2，部分阻断SARS-2-S-驱动的进入Caco-2和Vero195 TMPRSS2细胞。 | 0 |
Pyronaridine is an antimalarial drug. It was first made in 1970 and has been in clinical use in China since the 1980s.
In a small (n=88) malaria study in Camaroon, pyronaridine had a 100% cure rate, compared with 60% for chloroquine.
It is one of the components of the artemisinin combination therapy pyronaridine/artesunate (Pyramax).
It has also been studied as a potential anticancer drug, and treatment for Ebola. The combination of pyronaridine and artesunate has been evaluated to have a synergistic effect of stronger antiviral effect and less toxicity. The combination of pyronaridine and artesunate is being studied as a possible treatment for moderate to severe SARS-COV-2. | 依泊二醇（英語：Epomediol，商品名Clesidren）是一种人工合成的类萜物质，分子式C10H18O3，有利胆剂的作用，可用于对症治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积引起的骚癢。 | 0 |
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. For acne, it is applied to the skin as a cream, gel or ointment. For acute promyelocytic leukemia, it is effective only when the RARA-PML fusion mutation is present and is taken by mouth for up to three months. Topical tretinoin is also the most extensively investigated retinoid therapy for photoaging.
Common side effects when used as a cream are limited to the skin and include skin redness, peeling, and sun sensitivity. When taken by mouth, side effects include hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, shortness of breath, headache, numbness, depression, skin dryness, itchiness, hair loss, vomiting, muscle pains, and vision changes. Other severe side effects include high white blood cell counts and blood clots. Use during pregnancy is contraindicated due to the risk of birth defects. It is in the retinoid family of medications.
Tretinoin was patented in 1957, and approved for medical use in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Tretinoin is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 238th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. | 三聚氰酸（化学式：(CNOH)3）是一个三嗪类有机化合物。它是白色無味的固體，被用作漂白水、殺菌劑和除草劑的成分或生产原料。1997年，全球產量超過1.6億公斤。
其他名称：氰尿酸、异氰脲酸、异氰尿酸、2,4,6-三羟基均三嗪、2,4,6-三羥基-1,3,5-三嗪、对称三羟基三氮杂苯、S-三嗪-2,4,6-三醇、1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)三酮。 | 0 |
Ethyl methanesulfonate is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana with data available. | 奥卡西平（英語：Oxcarbazepine，商品名：Trileptal等）是一种含氮有机化合物，分子式C15H12N2O2，可作为抗癫痫药物，在体内的活性代謝產物为利卡西平。 | 0 |
Quinolizidine (norlupinane, octahydro-2H-quinolizine) is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Some alkaloids (e.g. cytisine and sparteine) are derivatives of quinolizidine. | 蓋普丹（Captan），學名N-三氯甲基硫醇基四氫苯二甲醯亞胺，化學式： C9H8Cl 3NO2S，是無色且無味的結晶體。 其本體是透明到米色的固體，不溶於強鹼性物質，易溶於異丙醇，可与其他化學物質混合製成混合劑，是有效的殺菌劑，用於控制一系列真菌病害。 | 0 |
Valeric acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a short-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a valerate. | 丁螺環酮(Buspirone；8-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1- piperazinyl]butyl]-8-aza- spiro[4.5]decane-7,9- dione monohydrochloride）是一種對精神病有效的藥物，主要用於治療焦慮症。一般藥品都採用鹽酸丁螺環酮(Buspirone HCl)的形式，是一種白色的結晶體。
Buspirone在1986年由Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)向美國食物及藥品管理局取得許可，其專利於2001失效。丁螺环酮的专利在2001年到期，丁螺环酮是现在可以作为通用名药物。 | 0 |
Resazurin is a phenoxazine. | 亞精胺是一种多胺，化學式：C7H19N3。它存在於核醣體和活組織，在生物體内具有各種代謝功能。亞精胺最初是從精液中分離的。 | 0 |
2-Aminoisobutyric acid is a natural product found in Garcinia mangostana, Apis cerana, and Caenorhabditis elegans with data available. | 正十一烷，或称十一碳烷，是化学式为CH3(CH2)9CH3的烷烃。十一烷被用作对蛾和蟑螂的性引诱剂。它有341个同分异构体，若不考虑立体异构则有159个。 | 0 |
Orcinol is a 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a 5-alkylresorcinol and a dihydroxytoluene. | 製劑為藥片，每片含2mg、4mg或8mg馬來酸罗格列酮（Rosiglitazone maleate）。 | 0 |
Lefetamine is a stilbenoid. | 双氯西林（Dicloxacillin）是一种半合成的β-内酰胺类抗生素，属于耐酶的半合成青霉素类抗生素，主要治疗由革兰氏阳性菌感染引发的疾病。双氯西林有多种商品名，比如百时美施贵宝生产的双氯西林商品名是“Diclocil”。 | 0 |
Cyanuric chloride is a chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides. It has a role as a cross-linking reagent. It is an organochlorine compound and a chloro-1,3,5-triazine. | 四聚乙醛（英語：Metaldehyde）是乙醛的四聚体，化学式(CH3CHO)4，可用作对抗蜗牛、蛞蝓等腹足纲动物的农药。
英國將從2022年3月底起禁止在戶外使用四聚乙醛以保護鳥類和哺乳動物及避免飲用水污染。 | 0 |
6-Hydroxymellein is a natural product found in Lachnum papyraceum, Myxotrichum stipitatum, and other organisms with data available. | 氟康唑可用於治療多種真菌病，例如念珠菌症、 芽生菌病、山谷熱、隱球菌病、組織胞漿菌病、皮癬菌病及花斑癬。對於罹病風險較高的患者，如：曾接受器官移植、低體重的新生兒、及嗜中性白血球低下等，氟康唑也可以用預防念珠菌病。氟康唑可經口服或靜脈注射給藥。 | 0 |
Okadaic acid is a polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. It has a role as a marine metabolite, an EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor and a calcium ionophore. | 19-去甲睾酮（英語：19-nortestosterone）也被称为诺龙（Nandrolone）是一种雄激素和同化類固醇（AAS）。其酯类衍生物（如其苯丙酸酯、癸酸酯等）常作为贫血、惡病體質、骨質疏鬆症、乳癌的治疗药物，不能通过口服给药，只能进行肌肉注射给药。
由于19-去甲睾酮是雄激素睾酮的去甲基化类似物，因此它能作为睾酮和双氢睾酮（DHT）的生物学靶点——雄激素受体（AR）的激动剂，在人体内引起一些雄性化症狀，如痤疮、毛发增长、声音嘶哑、性欲增强等副作用。相比较而言，19-去甲睾酮的一些酯化产物蛋白同化活性较强，而雄激素活性较弱，可以作为适用于妇女儿童的较温和药物，以及具有缓释作用的前体药物。 | 0 |
Atomoxetine is a secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. It has a role as an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, an antidepressant, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is an aromatic ether, a secondary amino compound and a member of toluenes. | 异美汀（英語：Isometheptene）是一种含氮有机化合物，分子式C9H19N，结构上为不饱和的脂肪族仲胺，可作为拟交感神经药，为治疗偏頭痛开发。 | 0 |
Patulin is an organic compound classified as a polyketide. It is named after the fungus from which it was isolated, Penicillium patulum. It is a white powder soluble in acidic water and in organic solvents. It is a lactone that is heat-stable, so it is not destroyed by pasteurization or thermal denaturation. However, stability following fermentation is lessened. It is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, in particular, Aspergillus and Penicillium and Byssochlamys. Most commonly found in rotting apples, the amount of patulin in apple products is generally viewed as a measure of the quality of the apples used in production. In addition, patulin has been found in other foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables. Its presence is highly regulated. | 巴戟醌（英語：Morindone）是一种蒽醌衍生物，分子式C15H10O5，存在于檄樹（学名：Morinda citrifolia）等巴戟天属（Morinda）植物中。 | 0 |
Vinyl acetate is an acetate ester. | 环杷明（英語：Cyclopamine）也称环巴胺或11-去氧芥芬胺，是自然产生的化学物质，属于甾族的介藜芦生物鹼。它是从玉米百合花（加州藜芦）中分离出的致畸胎剂，可导致独眼畸形（全前脑畸形）。
环杷明的英文名Cyclopamine是以放牧于爱达荷州野生玉米百合花农场的绵羊生下的独眼畸形（cyclopia）羊羔命名的。1957年美国农业部的科学家开始了长达11年的研究，最终发现环杷明是导致出生缺陷的罪魁祸首。 | 0 |
2-Oxoadipic acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other organisms with data available. | α-酮己二酸（英語：α-Ketoadipic acid，或称为2-氧代己二酸 2-oxoadipate）是一种赖氨酸代谢的中间产物。 | 1 |
2-Ethoxyethanol, also known by the trademark Ethyl cellosolve, is a solvent used widely in commercial and industrial applications. It is a clear, colorless, nearly odorless liquid that is miscible with water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate.
2-Ethoxyethanol is manufactured by the reaction of ethylene oxide with ethanol.
As with other glycol ethers, 2-ethoxyethanol has the useful property of being able to dissolve chemically diverse compounds. It will dissolve oils, resins, grease, waxes, nitrocellulose, and lacquers. This is an ideal property as a multi-purpose cleaner, and, therefore, 2-ethoxyethanol is used in products such as varnish removers and degreasing solutions. | 原花青素C1（Procyanidin C1，簡稱PCC1）是一種B型前花青素（B type proanthocyanidin），是一種可在釀酒葡萄中找到的表兒茶素三聚體。 | 0 |
Dimethyl adipate is the organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2CO2CH3)2. It is a colorless oily liquid. Although the main commercial interest in adipates is related to the production of nylons, this diester is used as a plasticizer, a solvent for paint stripping and resins, and a pigment dispersant. | 吉非替尼（Gefitinib），商品名為 艾瑞莎（Iressa），由阿斯利康制药和Teva發售。被用為治療乳癌、肺癌和其它癌症。 | 0 |
Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5, is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorinating agent.
BrF5 finds use in oxygen isotope analysis. Laser ablation of solid silicates in the presence of BrF5 releases O2 for subsequent analysis. It has also been tested as an oxidizer in liquid rocket propellants and is used as a fluorinating agent in the processing of uranium. | 苯丙醇胺（Phenylpropanolamine，PPA），又称去甲基麻黃素或去甲麻黄碱，分子式C9H13NO，CAS编号：14838-15-4。是一種苯乙胺類的藥物。目前在美國，年輕婦女必須要有處方籤才能購買這種藥物，其他地區則沒有限制。一種本來很常用的收鼻水藥物，可以使阻塞的上呼吸道及氣管變得暢通。
在香港，最普通的包裝是一粒上白下綠的圓型藥餅，收鼻水功效非常快，但服後會使人眼睏。而在市面上比較常見而含有PPA的藥物有Neozep。 | 0 |
Dodecyl acetate is a carboxylic ester. | 扁桃腈是一种有机化合物，为扁桃酸对应的腈或苯甲醛的腈醇衍生物，化学式为C8H7NO，它可由苯甲醛、亚硫酸钠和氰化钠之间的反应制得。
它受热分解出剧毒的氰化氢气体。 | 0 |
Efavirenz is 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is a benzoxazine, an acetylenic compound, an organochlorine compound, an organofluorine compound and a member of cyclopropanes. | 雷莫司琼（INN：ramosetron），或译拉莫司琼，是一种血清素5-HT3受体拮抗剂，用于治疗恶心和呕吐。雷莫司琼还适用于治疗以腹泻为主的肠易激综合征。 | 0 |
Dodecyl acetate is a carboxylic ester. | 玉米赤霉酮（ZAN）是一种半合成真菌雌激素，是玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的衍生物。玉米赤霉酮是从藥用植物和食用植物中，和另一种称为黃麴黴毒素的物质通过特定的免疫亲和柱同时提取的。玉米赤霉酮有六个类似物：玉米赤霉烯酮、玉米赤霉酮、α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、α-玉米赤霉烯醇和β-玉米赤霉烯醇。 | 0 |
Panipenem is an organic molecular entity. | 伊曲康唑（INN：Itraconazole，商品名为斯皮仁诺），發明于1984年，是一种三唑类抗真菌剂，适用于真菌感染的病人。这种药物一般口服或静脉注射。 | 0 |
Triton X-100 is a poly(ethylene glycol) derivative that is poly(ethylene glycol) in which one of the terminal hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding p-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-3-yl)phenyl ether. It has a role as a nonionic surfactant. | 曲拉通X-100（英語：Triton X-100，C14H22O(C2H4O)n）是一种非离子型表面活性剂，带有一个親水性的聚乙二醇链（n常为9或10）和一个親脂性的烃基基团（4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯基基团）。曲拉通X-100和辛基苯基-聚乙二醇（IGEPAL CA-630）或从前的乙基苯基聚乙二醇（Nonidet P-40）非常类似。 | 1 |
Ethyl hexanoate is the ester resulting from the condensation of hexanoic acid and ethanol. It has fruity aroma similar to apple peel. | 坎地沙坦（英語：Candesartan、发音为/ˌkændɨˈsɑrtən/，rINN）是一款血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂药物，多用于治疗高血压症。前体药物坎地沙坦酯是日本武田制药公司率先研制，后阿斯利康制药加入联合开发，于1997年在瑞典首先上市。目前该款药物由阿斯利康制药和武田制药占有主要市场，主要商业品牌有必洛斯（Blopress）、Atacand、Amias、Ratacand和Kenzen。 | 0 |
Nivalenol is a trichothecene. | 紫杉醇（英文：paclitaxel, PTX，或稱太平洋紫杉醇），是一種用來治療多種癌症的化療藥物，被以汰癌勝等商品名稱銷售 。可治療的癌症包含卵巢癌、乳癌、肺癌、卡波西氏肉瘤、子宮頸癌和胰臟癌 。使用上藉由靜脈注射注入體內。此外，也有白蛋白附著型的配方（商品名為Abraxane）
此藥物常見的副作用包含落髮、骨髓功能抑制、手套樣和襪樣麻木（英文：glove-stocking numbness）、過敏反應、肌肉疼痛、腹瀉 。其他嚴重的副作用包含心臟問題、增加感染風險和肺炎 。此外，懷孕期間使用紫杉醇也可能導致胎兒先天缺陷 。紫杉醇被歸類在紫杉烷類藥物，其作用機轉為干擾細胞分裂時微管的正常功能 。
此藥物於1971年首次從太平洋紫杉中分離出，並於1993年批准用於醫學用途，並被列於世界衛生組織的基本藥物清單，此清單羅列了健康系統所需的最有效和最安全的藥物 。發展中國家的批發成本每100毫克約為7.06至13.48美元，而在英國則約為66.85英鎊（約88美元） 。目前紫杉醇利用細胞培養製造。 | 0 |
4-Androstenediol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available. | 呋拉茶碱（英語：Furafylline）是一种含氮有机化合物，分子式C12H12N4O3，可看作甲基茶碱的衍生物，能作为CYP1A2的酶抑制剂。 | 0 |
Brassinolide is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Vicia faba, and other organisms with data available. | 司他夫定（英語：Stavudine）也稱為 d4T，是預防及治療愛滋病的抗反轉錄病毒藥物，主要市售藥名為滋利特（英語：Zerit） 。一般推薦和其他抗反轉錄病毒藥物一起使用，在受到針扎傷害或其他潛在暴露後使用可預防患病；但本品並非第一線藥物。給藥方式為口服。
早在 1966 年就留有司他夫定最早的文字記述，1994 年，此藥在美國通過核准使用，現已有學名藥問世。在發展中國家，司他夫定的單月批發價為 1.86~5.40 美元。考量到本品的副作用，世界衛生組織現在越來越不推薦使用此藥。 | 0 |
Imidazoline is a class of heterocycles formally derived from imidazoles by the reduction of one of the two double bonds. Three isomers are known, 2-imidazolines, 3-imidazolines, and 4-imidazolines. The 2- and 3-imidazolines contain an imine center, whereas the 4-imidazolines contain an alkene group. The 2-Imidazoline group occurs in several drugs. | 劳拉西泮（INN：lorazepam），商品名常为安定文（Ativan，非安定片）、阿提凡、罗拉，是苯二氮䓬类（BZD）药物。可用来治疗焦虑症、失眠、包括癫痫重积状态在内的积极癫痫发作、酒精戒断症候群、化疗引起的恶心和呕吐，也用在手术中的保护性失忆，以及机械式呼吸辅助患者的镇静剂。劳拉西泮可用在精神运激动，但此情形下较常使用咪达唑仑，劳拉西泮也用在因使用可卡因造成的急性冠状动脉综合症治疗。劳拉西泮可以口服，也可以注射到肌肉或是血管中，注射后约一至30分钟内就会有效，效果会持续一整天。
常见的副作用包含虚弱、昏睡、低血压、以及呼吸困难，若是用注射的方式对患者给药，给药后需密集监控，若患者有忧郁的情形，可能会提高其自杀的风险。长期使用会造成药物耐受性，也有可能出现生理及心理依赖的情形。若长期使用后突然停药，可能会有苯二氮䓬类药物戒断症候群。年长的人更常出现不利影响，比较容易跌倒而造成髋部骨折，因为上述原因，一般劳拉西泮给药最多只会给二到四周。
劳拉西泮于1963年获得专利，并于1977年开始于美国销售。本品列名于世界卫生组织标准药物清单之中，为基础公卫体系必备药物之一，本品属于学名药。2014年，每锭口服药锭在开发中国家的批发价介于0.02至0.16美金之间。在2015年的美国，剂量的口服剂型每月需25美金。在2011年的美国，本品为用量第二大宗的苯二氮䓬类药物，仅次于阿普唑仑，每年处方数量达2800万笔。 | 0 |
Capsidiol is a terpenoid compound that accumulates in tobacco Nicotiana tabacum and chili pepper Capsicum annuum in response to fungal infection. Capsidiol is categorized under the broad term of phytoalexin, a class of low molecular weight plant secondary metabolites that are produced during infection. Phytoalexins are also characterized as a part of a two pronged response to infection which involves a short term response consisting of production of free radicals near the site of infection and a long term response involving the production of hormones and an increase in enzymes to biosynthesize phytoalexins such as capsidiol. | 三聚磷酸，又称三磷酸，是一种磷酸缩合而成的多酸，化学式为H5P3O10。
三聚磷酸再与一分子磷酸缩合则形成四聚磷酸（H6P4O13）。
一些化合物是三聚磷酸的酯，例如ATP（三磷酸腺苷）。 | 0 |
Griseofulvin is an oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and a Penicillium metabolite. It is an organochlorine compound, a member of 1-benzofurans, an oxaspiro compound, an antibiotic antifungal drug and a benzofuran antifungal drug. | 灰黃黴素（英语：Griseofulvin），是一種抗真菌的口服藥物。在動物和人類中，它是用來治療真菌感染的皮膚（癬的俗稱）和指甲。它是在1939年由灰黄青霉被分離的部分菌株所培養而成。 | 1 |
Octanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. | 依诺沙星是一种喹诺酮类抗生素，用于治疗尿路感染和淋病。
最近有研究表明它可能具有抗癌作用。 | 0 |
Nonacosane is a straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. | 呋喃（英語：furan），化学用名氧杂茂或𫫇茂（英語：Oxole），是杂环有机物，其五元芳环有四粒碳原子和一粒氧原子。有呋喃环的化合物為其同系物。呋喃是无色、可燃、易挥发液体，沸点接近室温。呋喃有毒且為2B類可能致癌物質。常作为合成其他复杂有机物的起始原料。性质与苯相似，可由松木蒸馏得到，可溶於丙酮、醇、醚等多種常見有機溶劑，微溶於水。為多种重要工業化學品與藥物的前驅體，如常用作溶劑的四氢呋喃。 | 0 |
Propicillin is a penicillin. Properties are similar to benzylpenicillin particularly used in streptococcal infections, not resistant to penicillinase. It is acid resistant and can be used orally as the potassium salt. | 三氧化二氮，一种酸性氧化物，是亚硝酸的酸酐，可溶于苯、乙醚、氯仿、四氯化碳、酸碱。 它是一种深蓝色固体或液体，不稳定，常温下在加压时常因部分分解而变为绿色，常温常压下则几乎完全分解为一氧化氮和二氧化氮。 | 0 |
Paeonol is a phenolic compound found in peonies such as Paeonia suffruticosa (moutan cortex), in Arisaema erubescens, and in Dioscorea japonica. It is a chemical compound found in some traditional Chinese medicines. | 亚碲酸是一种碲的含氧酸，化学式为H2TeO3，亦写作(HO)2TeO。人们不太了解这种化合物。亚碲酸可以由二氧化碲与水反应制得。它形成的盐更常见，如亚碲酸氢钾（KHTeO3）。 | 0 |