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Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit 35

MAR

Establishment of a charter for eco-neighborhood projects to encourage and engage citizens themselves to take charge of the environmental challenges they collectively face;. Annual funding of sustainable neighborhood projects by 2030 through the programs of the ministerial departments concerned (Housing, Environment, etc.). Ecosystem-based adaptation to mitigate the effects of urban heat islands:. Maintenance and improvement of urban green spaces (eg ecological corridors, trees, gardens);. Planting of trees with high carbon sequestration potential.

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KHM

international development agencies, NGOs and relevant institutions is the best approach to accelerate the. strategic plan implementation and ensuring the sustainability of projects. Baseline: No baseline available. The latest cooperation. Moinfo implemented a project on Climate Change knowledge and Capacity building through TV/ Radio and Media, supported by NCSD / CCCA (20172019). Target: MoInfo will seek and work with relevant stakeholders agencies including government and nongovernment institutions and accelerate the strategic plan implementation. -GHG Mitigation Environmental protection. -Forest protection. -Biodiversity conservation. 100000.

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MOZ

Setting standards for the development and coordination of multi-event early warning systems (development and approval of an effective coordination mechanism between key SAP actors). Strengthening of the climate and meteorological information system to anticipate the occurrence of droughts (operationalisation of tools to monitor droughts and issue warning notices on the eminence of droughts). The dashboard for the INS National Health Observatory for climate sensitive diseases (Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, cholera and diarrhoea) (WHO) was developed.

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PRY

The measure contemplates the improvement by 2030 of the productive efficiency margin (eg, the procreation rate still below the countries of the region, despite the good positioning of the national livestock activity) through pilot initiatives (eg Certification Carbon-Neutral Meat) and other actions to be developed in the country within the framework of the NAMA (National Appropriate Mitigation Action) in the Livestock sector, such as actions for competitiveness and zootechnical improvement, which lead to mitigation. -Enteric fermentation of cattle (3A1b). -Manure management of cattle (3A2).

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BLZ

Coastal zone and marine resources, Action: “Strengthen resilience of local coastal communities and enhance the ecosystem services provided by mangroves through the restoration of at least 2,000 hectares of mangroves including within local communities by 2025, with an additional 2,000 hectares by 2030” (p. 25)

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SLV

and reporting of the adaptation goal in that measure to avoid duplication. 2.4.1. B. Target based on forest managed area. From 2013, with a projection until 2025, 46 ha of forest will be managed in the perimeter of the Cerrón Grande reservoir (Potonico sector) and in areas surrounding the 5 de Noviembre Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the Río Lempa Hydrographic Region. 2.4.1. C. Goal based on the managed area of plantations.

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CHN

To enhance the control of development intensity, to limit large-scale industrialization and urbanization, to strengthen the planning and construction of medium-and-small-sized towns, to encourage moderate concentration of population and to actively push forward the appropriate scale production and industrialization of agriculture in Major Agricultural Production Zones;. To define ecological red lines, to formulate strict criteria for industrial development and to constrain the development of any new carbon intensive projects in Key Ecological Zones; and.

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LKA

2030. 3.5 Develop and promote pest and disease resistance /tolerant varieties. 2030. 3.6 Develop, introduce fodder varieties that withstand extreme climatic conditions. 2030. NDC 4. Revisit the Agro Ecological Regions (AERs) maps of Sri Lanka with current and future climate scenarios and recommend appropriate crops for different regions to reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts. 2030. 4.1 Expanding the Agro-met observation network to cover the most vulnerable AER to climate change.

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BFA

After the evaluation of its first NDC which allowed it to identify strengths and weaknesses, the country carried out several activities with a view to making its new NDC more ambitious, realistic, measurable, reportable and verifiable. These include (i) the assessment of the GHG sequestration potential of NDC sectors; (ii) estimation of the costs and benefits of the various adaptation and mitigation actions envisaged in the new NDC; (iii) the definition of targets and indicators of the actions selected for the NDC; (iv) alignment of adaptation and mitigation measures with the country s priority SDGs; (v) the consideration of gender and nature-based solutions in the NDC; (vi) development of gender-sensitive NDC Sector Plans.

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BLZ

The expected cumulative emissions reduction would be up to 379Gg CO2 between 2015 and 2030. Transport Sector. Development of a domestic transportation policy and implement the National Transportation Master Plan. Aim is to achieve at least a 20% reduction in conventional transportation fuel use by 2030 and promote energy efficiency in the transport sector through appropriate policies and investments. Sustainable Energy Strategy and Action Plan. To improve energy efficiency and conservation in order to transform to a low carbon economy by 2033.

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CRI

Costa Rica reserves the right to use the Domestic Carbon Market as an instrument to accomplish its mitigation goals, as a complement to national and sectorial policies for emissions reduction. The National Forestry Financing Fund (FONAFIFO) which the MINAE has been developing, since 2010, is currently developing its Emissions Reduction Program under the Carbon Fund (FCPF), known as the National REDD+ Strategy since 2010.

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THA

In addition, a way of life based on patience, perseverance, diligence, wisdom and prudence is indispensable to create balance and be able to cope appropriately with critical challenges, arising from extensive and rapid socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural changes in the world. Thailand’s prioritized adaptation efforts include:. Promote and strengthen Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) practices to achieve water security, effective water resource management to mitigate flood and drought. Safeguard food security through the guidance of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy e.g.

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BDI

Table 43 shows the priority actions of the sector. Table 42: Priority Actions of the UPEI Sector Priority Actions Targets Activities Monitoring Indicators Costs Start Year End Date of Support for the Development of Research and Innovation in the Industrial Sector "PIDRI" stands for Innovative Industries Revitalizing Emerging Industries and Supporting Existing Industries Number of Industries Total Source:

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ARE

The UAE is taking steps to increase the efficiency of energy consumption through regulatory measures, pricing signals as well as technology deployment. The country has set a federal target to reduce energy consumption by 40% for the year 2050. In support of achieving this target, the Emirates have set ambitious plans for reducing energy consumption and energy efficiency initiatives are being implemented across demand sectors. Locally-relevant green building regulations and rating schemes for new buildings have been adopted across UAE’s Emirates.

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JOR

Ensuring that sector ministries will adopt the Action Plans suggested by the Program for Mainstreaming Gender in Climate Change Efforts in Jordan, the action plans specified the objectives, the actions and the indicators required. MoEnv and NCCC to monitor and encourage the implementation. Aligning Jordan’s INDC to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed by the international community in August 2015 which will cover all development goals until 2030.

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VEN

It is planned to maintain the rate of change in forest cover at 0.20% equivalent to 90,000 hectares/year by 2030, by promoting and implementing measures for forest and environmental control. Base year. The action has as its base year 2020, estimating a forest cover of 46.230.900 million hectares (FRA 2020), for this purpose actions will be implemented to strengthen forest traceability mechanisms, education and awareness-raising to communities on the effect of deforestation or land use change on climate change; actions will also be managed towards forest management and reforestation using different forestry methods. Sector.

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NER

Because of its relevance and its conclusions, the SF-SLM is the chosen reference document for the INDC. 5.4 Niger’s initiatives supporting adaptation. Of the projects focussed on adaptation to climate change in Niger, the following are already under way:. Projects financed by the French Development Agency (AFD), including extension of the NIGELEC electrical network (US $46.33 million); the socioeconomic development of Kandadji (US $15.8 million); support for the food security of households (US $1.36 million); development and management of the Badaguichiri watershed (US $12.4 million); and management of the natural forests for the sustainable supply of wood energy to Sahelian cities (Bamako, Ouagadougou and Niamey) (US $1.7 million).

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KHM

Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including the collection of climate and hydrological data. Water resources. MOWRAM. 54. Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climateresilient water management. Water resources. MOWRAM. 55. Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans. Water resources. MOWRAM. 56. Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia. Water resources. NCDD. 57. Establish nationally standardized best-practice systems for irrigation. Water resources. MOWRAM. 58.

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MAR

Project for the mobilization and sustainable management of water resources in the priority areas of Tangier, Oujda and Meknes affected by climate change. Objectives for 2040. Flood protection for medium and high risk sites by 2040. Objectives for 2050. Construction of 50 large dams by 2050 covering the entire Moroccan territory with an additional storage capacity of 11 billion m3.

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NRU

The key mitigation intervention is to replace a substantial part of the existing diesel generation with a large scale grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system which would assist in reducing the emissions from fossil fuels. Concurrent to the above there needs to be put in place extensive demand side energy management improvements which will complement the PV installation. The demand management improvements are expectedto reduceemissions by bringing down diesel consumption further.

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MEX

In addition, Mexico promotes the Sembrando Vida Program, which already covers 22 federal entities benefiting peasant men and women throughout the country, promoting agroforestry, cornfields interspersed with fruit trees with actions agroecological, and diversifying the economy of the communities that need it most. The program includes the creation of Campesino Learning Centers, in which the necessary technical and financial capacity is created in the communities for a productive paradigm shift and strengthening of the social fabric.

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CHN

"Optimize industrial structure and vigorously develop low-carbon industries. Efforts have been made to build green and low-carbon industries into pillar industries, such as new energy vehicle (NEV), new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, while vigorously promoting the rapid development of strategic emerging industries such as information technology and high-end equipment. In 2019, service industry accounted for 54.3% of China’s GDP, 3.5 percentage points higher than the 2015 level, and 15.7 percentage points more than that of the secondary industry. High-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing contributed to 14.4% and 32.5% of the added value of above-scale industries respectively, an increase of 2.6 and 0.7 percentage points from 2015 level. From 2016 onwards, China has imposed strict control over the expansion of high energy-consuming industries and phased out backward production capacity in accordance with laws and regulations to speed up overcapacity elimination."

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NGA

Develop a replicable approach/model that uses intermediate NGOs, community members and radio to diffuse climate change adaptation approaches and information and to gather feedback on adaptation actions focused on livelihoods. Build a network of intermediate NGOs capable of working on climate change and livelihoods issues, where these NGOs support a number of communities in high risk states. Animate communities with appropriate engagement methods, in order to elicit and document valid climate change and livelihood related needs/vulnerabilities.

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MUS

The National Climate Change Adaptation Policy Framework (NCCAPF) of the Republic of Mauritius, was elaborated based on the analysis of the current and projected climate change impacts. It recommends adaptation policy options and measures around the water demand and supply, agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and marine ecosystems, tourism and coastal areas, human health, and infrastructure sectors. Priority adaptation actions for each main sector/activity (NCCPAF 2021). Sector. Climate Change adaptation measures. Infrastructure & Disaster Risk Reduction.

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JOR

Biodiversity, eco-systems, and protected areas: "Embarking on land use planning as a tool for adaptation to climate change, given that land use planning reduces the future carbon impact of new developments as well as improving resilience against natural hazards associated with climate change such as, but not limited to, drought and floods) (time frame: by 2030)." (15)

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COL

A mitigation potential of 0.09 Mt CO2 eq was modeled in 2030. 37. Regional Rail Company. Transport. 27. Comprehensive Program for the implementation of livestock practices and pasture management. Promote the implementation of AgroSilvoPastoriles Systems (SASP). 9,939 head of cattle 133 producers. Comprehensive Regional Climate Change Plan of Bogotá - Cundinamarca. Agricultural. Goal. 28. Rehabilitation of pastures.

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ARE

"Recently, the council has approved 22 policies to accelerate and consolidate the national efforts in the circular economy agenda. The policies will contribute to addressing most of the challenges raised by the private sector to optimize their operation and adopt circularity as means to sustaining their businesses and further improving them. The policies will focus on turning waste into feeding stocks for sustainable industries and reducing pollution, holistic assessment of the lifecycle of the used material, and regenerating more functionalities for the different materials used in the production process."

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MWI

MOE (Department of Energy Affairs). MERA, EGENCO, ESCOM, IPPs,. Department of Mines, private sector (mining companies). US$ 7.5 billion. 100% conditional. Reduced reliance on coal production and use - when compared to the baseline reference case - thereby increasing resilience of grid power and supply and reducing fossil fuel dependence. ✔. ✔. ✔. Clean Coal technology - Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Deployment of carbon capture to sub-critical coal power stations in the north of Malawi with permanent geological storage within in-situ coal seams.

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SLV

El Salvador will continue to implement its massive plan of protection works throughout the country, with environmental and social restoration of spaces. 3.3.5. El Salvador will prepare before 2018 a diagnosis of structural and non-structural measures related to infrastructure for adaptation to climate change in urban areas (case study Area Metropolitana de San Salvador). 3.3.6.

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CHL

the plantation is enriched by natural regeneration through sowing, in order to strengthen genetic variability. Promote longer rotations, improving carbon uptake rates, as well as optimizing the amount and permanence of sequestered carbon. Promote the development of other uses for timber products, maintaining the carbon retained duly sequestrated.

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PNG

local communities, youth and women to implement. sustainable agricultural and agroforestry practices. Potential approaches include promoting sociallyinclusive. climate-friendly agriculture; promoting. women’s access to resources, information, and. climate-smart technologies; enhancing the role of. women and youth in agricultural value chains; and. promoting inclusive forest rehabilitation and timber. management. Subsistence agriculture in the informal economy supports 80 percent of the PNG population, a sector. dominated by women84. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), more than 50 percent.

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BTN

The Renewable Natural Resources (RNR) Strategy 2040, covering the forests, agriculture, and livestock sectors, was adopted in 2021 and covers the AFOLU sector under the IPCC emissions source category. The RNR Strategy integrates resilience to climate change and low emission development as one of the key strategies to actualise transformational change in this integrated sector by building on the REDD+ Strategy, LEDS for Food Security 2021, and the National Strategy for Sustainable Socio-economic Development through the Commercialization of Organic Farming 2019.

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GMB

During the development of its Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, The Gambia identified the technical and technological requirements for the implementation of the Climate Change Convention and its Kyoto Protocol. The Gambia will also continue to assess and determine her technological requirements to implement the Convention and any future Climate Regime to be agreed in Paris. Technologies identified and technology transfer requirements (GoTG/SNS, 2013) which will also be needed for the implementation of the INDC include:. Climate monitoring, forecasting and dissemination techniques and technologies;.

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KHM

In monetary terms, savings represent USDk 700 in avoided wood biomass cost each year, at an average value of USD 40.61/ton. 3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry. Food and Beverage 1.04. MtCO2e, 25% vs BAU by. 2030. Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems. 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry.

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VNM

Budget investment is usually made on the basis of priorities of each ministry, sector and locality, thereby making it less inter-sectoral and inter-regional. This could make adaptation actions inconsistent and lead to negative impacts. Issue preferential policies and other incentive policies to create favourable conditions for enterprises to regain investment capital on climate change adaptation activities.

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KHM

“12 communes, 7 districts and 5 provinces across different geographical area of Cambodia including Kampong Thom, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spue, Tboung Khmum and Kratie province to receive the resilient infrastructures services, improving their livelihood alternatives and sustainable growth. The project is planning to scale up to other potential areas as nationwide through lesson learnt and key success of its implementation” (p. 127)

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TLS

Unconditional Sustainable Livestock Management Timor-Leste Government is committed to revising and improving the regulation and planning frameworks for livestock management to better incorporate sustainability objectives and climate change risk considerations. Technical assistance will be required to advance this commitment. ConditionalNationally Determined Contribution 4. Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Building Activity Commitment type Sustainable Fisheries Sustainable management of Timor-Leste’s fisheries is required to alleviate the multitude of stressors on the marine environment. The expansion of marine protected areas and reduction of localised stressors (e.g.

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IDN

Under the BAU, it is assumed no restoration activities. Under CM1 and CM2, peat restoration will reach 2 million ha by 2030. Assumption for peatland restoration. Rate of peat decomposition is assumed to be zero in the restored peatland as the peat condition will be the same as/closed to natural condition. Successful rate of peatland restoration is assumed to be 90% for both CM1 and CM2. SECTOR: WASTE. SUB-SECTOR: SOLID WASTE. BAU. CM1. CM2. 1. Enhancement of LFG recovery from 2010 to 2030.

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MCO

These policies will be supported by a gradual decarbonisation of fuels in line with European policies in this area. 2.3.3 Waste. Since 2016, the Principality has been deploying an ambitious strategy to limit the quantity of waste produced and to orient waste as a priority towards material recovery. This strategy was complemented by a “zero single-use plastic waste by 2030” policy.

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PRY

5183/14 and the update of the Transportation Master Plan (MOPC, 2018) etc.). 5.4.5.1 Priority mitigation measures for the Energy Sector (EN). For this sector, through consultation with sector experts, the following mitigation measures were prioritized (9):. IN 1. The use of certified forest biomass, contemplated by Decree No. 4056/2015: “Regimes for Certification, Control and Promotion of the Use of Renewable Bioenergies”. EN.2. Optimal use of energy by applying energy efficiency measures. IN 3. Improvement of the quality of the fossil fuels used.

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NIU

In addition to the NNSP and the Climate Change Policy there have been a number of recent policies which have integrated climate change considerations into the decision making process. These include the Forest Policy, the Niue National Energy Policy, and the Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management. Furthermore, a number of Government departments have incorporated climate change policies into their corporate plans, for example the Agriculture Sector Plan. Other priority sectors for integration of climate change considerations into policies and plans include:. Water Resource management.

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VNM

Related sectors, regions, communities and infrastructure will face increased risks and potential impacts of climate change as follows:. Coastal areas and islands suffer from increased risks and potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise. Risks will increase in deltas and large urban areas, especially coastal cities with high population densities, and with natural disasters and climate change risks not taken into account in urban and spatial planning. Assets, infrastructure and communities in these areas are likely to be extremely vulnerable.

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URY

Climate Services. (Relative to paragraph 7 of the PNCC). To have, by 2025, a comprehensive system for designing and managing climate services for decision-making in the public and/or private sector for the relevant industries. To have, by 2025, a radar network in the country –to complement the existing regional network–, a radio sounding station and a national telemetric rain gauge network that will help monitor flash floods, among other events.

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BFA

Project for the periodic maintenance of dirt roads for the year 2019: lot 03: Construction works for crossings on the Zecco-Toungou track and in the municipality of Pô. 129,844. Project for the construction of works and the development of the deviation of the RD55: Embr. Rn04-absouya. 2,717,770. Works project of the emergency program for the rehabilitation and asphalting of sections of roads and crossing structures / lot 6: structure on the Gutti dam (Ramsa-Séguenega). 9,401,166.

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SMR

San Marino economy is based on small- and medium-sized enterprises. Tourism is thriving, with over 2 million tourists every year. The country has a modest agricultural sector, which offers high quality and genuine products and a well-diversified banking and financial sector. In 2013, the GDP of the Republic of San Marino was equal to 1,357.1 million euro, corresponding to 40.462 euro per inhabitant. In 2014 the country’s energy needs were equal to 259 GWh of electricity and 45 Gg of fuels.

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ECU

Identification of areas vulnerable to draught and land degradation in order to promote sustainable land management practices and water catchment systems. Analysis of the vulnerability of infrastructure and water availability in hydroelectric plants with respect to the effects of climate change. It needs to be highlighted that Ecuador has been particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events like the “El Niño” phenomenon from 1998 and 1999 that generated losses of around 2,896.3 million dollars.

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CAN

Advance additional measures, including working with partners to enable Canada’s electricity generation to achieve net-zero by 2050, building Canada’s battery and critical mineral supply chains to support a clean energy transition, and launching a Small Modular Reaction Action Plan. Continuing to Ensure Pollution isn’t Free and Households Get More Money Back: Pricing carbon pollution is the most efficient way to reduce GHG emissions while also driving clean innovation.

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IND

The mass-transit and urban transport projects initiated under the National Urban Renewal Mission also have positive climate change impacts in the long-run. About 39 urban transport and mass rapid transport projects have been approved and about 19 projects have been completed so far. Solar powered toll plazas have been envisaged as a mandatory requirement for toll collection across the country. India has recently formulated Green Highways (Plantation & Maintenance) Policy to develop 140,000 km long “tree-line” with plantation along both sides of national highways.

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BEN

Installation of 30,500 new solar lamps (9) PV solar panels on the roofs of administrative buildings (07 health centres and colleges, 2 community service sites, 55 administrative buildings) 07 health centres and colleges and 2 community service sites Headquarters administrative buildings (10) Promotion of the use of low energy electrical lamps in public utilities 37,221 LED lamps in administration 37,221 LED lamps Promote low energy wood-energy technologies Promotion of the economical use of wood-energy by providing access to improved homes for 890,043 new households.

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KHM

Build climate resilience of coastal ecosystem. Baseline: 0. By 2024: Complete all associate tools and planning scenarios for building, housing, and coastal protection. By 2030: 100 km sea wall completion (conditional). Promote sea engineering environment, sea water rise, sea tidal hazard, seawater intrusion and sea erosion. Disaster management to protect coastal populations. Operation Cost and TA cost: (1). 4,500,000. (2) Sea Wall: 98,000,000 Total:102,500,00. 0. Restoration can be a crucial opportunity for women’s economic empowerment. Target: 30% of all. construction jobs go to. women.

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KHM

Urban planning tools for climate change mitigation and the urban planning solution in three sub cities. MLMUPC. Air pollution reduction,. Improvement of process performance of EE by establishment of energy management in buildings/industries. MME. Training of a certain number of energy managers/companies by DTEBP. Efficiency energy and pollution management in latex and rubber wood processing. MAFF. Energy saving, reduce GHG and pollution from waste water, health and environment friendly, increased income and value added and employment, and safety working environment. Waste.

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BIH

"Measures are also being implemented in other sectors, especially in the building sector: reducing the use of coal and heating oil with the implementation of energy efficiency measures to reduce heating and cooling needs, increasing the efficiency of heating and cooling systems, energy efficiency labelling and banning imports of used heating and cooling equipment, etc"

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SLB

Strengthen capacity of the Climate Change lead agency as the Designated National Authority for climate change activities relating to Warsaw Framework for REDD+; Article 6 of the Paris Agreement; regulate carbon trade, build capacity of national stakeholders to design and implement carbon projects; raise awareness and develop carbon trading legislation. Ensure resource owners maximize benefits from carbon trading arrangements by immediately raising awareness on carbon trade in the forest sector and establish procedures for assessing investors and carbon trading arrangements between investors and communities as an interim measure, prior to the enactment of carbon trading legislation and regulatory framework.

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CUB

Develop and sustain comprehensive research on how to conserve, protect and restore the environment and reform environmental policy based on economic and social projections. Prioritize studies on dealing with climate change and, in general, on sustainable development in the country. Emphasize conservation and the sustainable use of resources, including soils, water, beaches, the atmosphere, forests, and biodiversity, and promote environmental education (13-14).

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JOR

Implementation of supplemental irrigation, water harvesting techniques, maximizing treated waste water re-use in agriculture, improving water use efficiency and the augmentation of drip irrigation in irrigated. areas and utilization of saline water in the irrigation of crops tolerant to salinity;. Establishment of desalinization units or sea water and use for agriculture;.

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SGP

Enhancing water security: "Singapore plans to expand NEWater and desalination capacity to meet up to 80% of its water demand in 2060. Variable salinity8 technology can be used to help expand Singapore’s water catchment to up to 90% of its land area by tapping on the streams and rivulets near the shoreline." (p. 6)

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LKA

to improve capabilities to predict and record damages and losses for weather and climate-related extreme events, slow-onset disasters and natural processes attributed to climate change;. to determine losses and damages attributable to climate change. 2021-2025. NDC 3. Improve data management systems to record losses and damages per sector: This involves taking 2015 as the base year, to assess and quantify both economic and non-economic losses and to inform disaster and climate risk management strategies and incorporate into national development planning process. 2021-2025. NDC 4.

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SLB

Make provision in its national recurrent budget and provincial capacity development fund to implement corporate plans, programs and projects that address climate change. Strengthen coordination with donor partners to effectively mobilize financial resources to support implementation of the NDS, the climate change policy and other related national and provincial level programmes through the Ministry of National Planning and Development Coordination (MNPDC).

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PAN

These instruments include Law 69 of 2017 that creates the Incentive Program for forest coverage and conservation of natural forests, as well as the National Forest Strategy 2018-2050, under Executive Decree No. 20 of March 28, 2019, created to generate a long-term vision for the Forestry sector of Panama. For its part, the National Strategy for the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (ENREDD +) is in the validation stage as one of the key elements to implement this mechanism in the country.

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BDI

Development of institutional and operational capacities to coordinate programmes that are resilient to climate change. Research on the vulnerability and adaptation of socioeconomic sectors to climate change. Establishment of functional monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for climate change, as well as knowledge management and information mechanisms. Research and extension of drought-resistant forest species. Promotion of climate-smart agriculture (agrometeorology). Capacity-building, knowledge management and communication. Enhancement of data and information management and distribution mechanisms. Reinforcement of climate change impact tracking systems by means of observations and investigations.

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NPL

Ensure fair and equitable benefits (carbon and non-carbon) from sustainable forest management, watershed management, and biodiversityconservation among Local Communities, women and Indigenous People. By 2030, upgrade watershed health and vitality in at least 20 districts to a higher condition category. By 2030, create an inventory of wetlands in Nepal and sustainably manage vulnerable wetlands. By 2025, enhance the sink capacity of the landuse sector by instituting the Forest Development Fund (FDF) for compensation of plantations and forest restoration.

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MAR

In addition, institutional reform is underway, which, for example, expands the mandate of the Morocco Agency for Solar Energy (MASEN) to include the development of all renewable energy from all sources. The implementation of Morocco’s NDC is based on several laws, strategies and national action plans, including the low-carbon development strategy, which takes its targets from the NDC, as well as clear and ambitious sectorial targets (see Table 2).

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DJI

A reservoir of 20,000 m3 will be built in. Djibouti. The project’s objective is to provide the populations with access to affordable drinking water. Funding: Republic of Djibouti. Development of agropastoral perimeters as a strategy for Djibouti’s poor rural communities’ adaptation to climate change. The project’s objective is to diversify and bolster resilience to climate change among the agro-pastoral practices used in the rural regions of Djibouti. It is based on three components:. Long-term, guaranteed access to water resources within a context of climate change;.

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MKD

The capacity of power plants with feed-in tariffs is limited to the capacity for which a decision for temporary preferential producer has been issued by the Energy Regulatory Commission of the Republic of Macedonia. That is 65.4 MW for small hydro, 50 MW for wind, 18 MW for solar power plants and 7 MW biogas power plants. Energy supply technologies:. The thermal power plant Oslomej, after its revitalization will use high quality coal from import;.

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KHM

25 % of renewable energy in the energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) by 2030. MME. Energy generation. 10. New sanitary landfills with LFG extraction and LFG extraction at the Dangkor Landfill. Increase the share of waste disposed at sanitary landfills with LFG extraction from 0% in 2020 to 50% by 2030 and extract LFG from the Dangkor Landfill. MoE. Waste -MSW. Agriculture - landrelated. 11. Composting of biodegradable organic fraction of MSW supplemented with separation of organic waste (at source).

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CRI

As of 2022, the Greater Metropolitan Area has management plans for 2 interurban biological corridors. 7.3. By 2022, 300 hectares of landscapes and urban micro-corridors have been restored. 7.4. By 2022, the forest cover has increased by 100 hectares in protection zones associated with water sources in regions with water risk such as Chorotega and North-North, based on climate projections. 7.5. By 2022, 3,000 hectares of deforestation avoided in the buffer zone of the La Amistad Pacífico Conservation Area. 7.6.

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HND

Goal 5 Energy efficiency (M). Guarantee the adequate and efficient use of energy, in order to reduce energy consumption, reduce costs and promote national economic sustainability, improve the family economy and raise awareness and educate the general population towards responsible energy savings, in order to increase efficiency, develop investments at a technological level and maximize benefits through socially viable and economically profitable initiatives. Goal 6 Electromobility (SAM).

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PRY

Promote the sustainable management of forest ecosystems and promote reforestation activities for protection and income generation and reduction of the process of loss and degradation of native forests. In this last year, Paraguay has demonstrated its commitments in the climate and environmental aspects since it has presented a National Plan of Forestation and Reforestation, where through a presidential decree the Vice Ministry of Mines and Energy is authorized to establish certification and funding regimes to the National Development Bank of US $ 40,000,000 for the beginning of forest plantations for energy and timber purposes, which will directly affect the lower pressure on native forests for the use of biomass.

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PRY

Access safe water and promote its efficient use, through appropriate technologies for collection and storage, considering local vulnerability and climate variability. Lines of Action to 2030. Gaps and Needs to 2030. Promote actions to prevent and deal with water shortages, with the use of harvesting and storage systems for rainwater for consumption, taking into account the hydrological characteristics.

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SUR

Suriname has taken a comprehensive approach to the management of its forests through the Forest Management Act (1992), National Forest Policy (2003) and Interim Strategic Action Plan for the Forest Sector (2008) and has been able to maintain its high forest cover and low deforestation rate through stringent management of forests by adopting and implementing sustainable forest management practices. Enhanced efforts at forest monitoring to address illegal logging as well as the adoption of tools such as Reduced Impact logging (RIL) in the logging sector has helped to maintain a low environmental and carbon footprint.

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PAK

water stresses National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), DoAs Number of crop varieties developed, piloted and approved Develop sustainable soil fertility improvement practices DoAs Area of land with sustainable soil fertility improvement practices Adopt mechanical and biological control methods to keep pest populations under control and to protect soil fertility and nutrient value agricultural produce Ministry of National Food Security & Research (MoNFSR), NDMA, PDMA & DoAs Area of land with systemic protection from pests Water Resources Improve irrigation and water management Demand management measures to increase water-use efficiency and productivity MoWR, Provincial P&DDs, DoIs Number of demand management measures developed and piloted Construction of large and small reservoirs, rain harvesting and storage, groundwater recharge, groundwater management, etc.

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MEX

From the actions undertaken since the presentation of the first NDC in 2015, results have been achieved in multi-sectoral projects that optimize energy consumption in buildings and reduce the impacts of new constructions. On this basis, opportunities have been identified in the design of programs and actions at all levels of government to optimize energy consumption in housing and businesses, but also to promote mechanisms and regulations that encourage the inclusion of best practices in constructions and renovations, such as the strengthening of distributed generation.

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COG

The Republic of the Congo’s vision for adaptation to climate change is based on integrating this component into a coherent investment framework based on the country’s development strategy, rather than on ad hoc and isolated aid or subsidies, unrelated to that strategy. This is the translation of the vision contained in the National Development Programme of the Congo (NDP 2012-2016): "Accelerating the modernisation of society and the industrialisation of the country".

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PSE

In addition, the State of Palestine commits to unconditionally undertake the mitigation actionsset out inTable 3 below. Table 3: Mitigation actions to be implemented unconditionally. Mitigation action. Brief description of action. Timescale for implementation. Sustainable Urban Demonstration Projects 5. Installation of six net-metering photovoltaic systems on 6 main public buildings in the Tubas Municipality:. Municipality Building. Public Information Centre. Cafeteria Building - Public Transportation. Dynamo-meter Building. Youth Centre Building. Storage Building. 2015-2017. Sustainable Urban Demonstration Projects.

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PAN

By 2022, the regulations on Environmental Audits and Environmental Management Plans will be updated, which will include disaster risk management, adaptation measures and reduction of the carbon footprint. MiAMBIENTE. No GHG Target. Actions, Policies and Regulations. New Decree approved. 4.10.3 Operational aspects.

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ALB

Summary of the vulnerability to and risks from changes in climate variables of settlements, population and tourism sectors in the Albanian coast. Sector. Sectoral vulnerability factors. Risks for the sector. Settlements. Infrastructure and built environment. Flatness of coastal area. Density of housing, buildings, infrastructure, agricultural land and historic/cultural sites on the coast. Occupation of particularly flood and erosion high-prone coastal areas. Limited flood prevention infrastructure. Poor maintenance of flood prevention infrastructure. Erosion related to limited sediments from dammed rivers. Infrastructure and built environment.

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ALB

Development of risk management plans. Very high. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into national cross-sectoral development planning legislation, regulations, procedures and tools. Very high. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into spatial/territorial development planning legislation, regulations, procedures and tools, including building codes (orientation of constructions in areas protected by floods and marine erosion). Very high. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into sectoral development planning legislation, regulations, procedures and tools (including building codes and standards for housing and other infrastructure). Very high.

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EGY

Identifying and applying protection measures of vulnerable touristic and archaeological sites and roads against extreme natural phenomena such as floods, dust storms and extreme weather conditions;. Building capacities for using regional water circulation models. Proactive planning and integrated coastal zone management. Risk reduction; and. Increasing awareness of stakeholders for energy and water utilization. 3.1.3 Adaptation Action Packages. Coastal Zones:. Reduce climate change associated risks and disasters. Capacity building of the Egyptian society to adapt to climate change and associated risks and disasters.

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PAK

However, technical and financial constraints would need to be addressed through international climate financing and technology transfer mechanisms. 2.3.1. Options in Energy Sector. An overview of mitigation potential and mitigation options in two key emission-generating sectors of the economy are presented below:Table 3: Mitigation Options in Energy Supply Sector. Options. Justification for Ranking / Priority. High Priority. Increase in grid efficiency. Transmission and distribution losses are known to be significant in the country, reaching 18% of total generation in 2015.

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COM

These include mitigation of renewable energy technologies such as solar, hydraulics, wind and geothermal energy, energy efficiency in the building and other industries, afforestation, agroforestry, arable farming, conservation or agroecology agriculture, agricultural product processing, forest conservation and restoration and other protected areas. As regards adaptation, technology transfers for the energy, forestry and agriculture sectors mentioned above are also relevant.

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PRY

Generate accessible and freely accessible information to guide timely decision-making related to agricultural, livestock and forestry production, involving risk management and adaptation to climate change. OBJECTIVE 17. Increase food security for family farmers and indigenous peoples through productive practices with an adaptation approach and access to markets for the commercialization of their products. OBJECTIVE 18. Produce agricultural items with criteria that ensure sustainable development and contribute to global food security, through increased resilience to the adverse effects of climate change. OBJECTIVE 19.

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SGP

"Singapore is strengthening the resilience of its critical services. For example, the drainage system at Changi Airport which is located along the coast, is being significantly upgraded to protect the airport against flood risks. To protect the train network and commuters, flood barriers are installed at the entrances of underground Mass Rapid Transit train stations in low-lying areas." (p. 23)

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CMR

Programme 02: Updating national, regional and departmental contingency plans, increasing and operationalizing the emergency fund. MINADT, MINEPDED, MINFI. Programme 03: Development of the Climate Risk and Land Use Plan programmes: Land mapping; National, provincial, departmental and community management master plans; Monitoring system. MINCAF. Programme 05: Protection and management of the coastline against the effects of climate change; Restoration and management of mangroves; Use of resources; Adaptation of infrastructure. MINEPDED, MINDEF, MINEPIA and MINDCAF.

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COM

The area under agroforestry and arboriculture will evolve at a rate of 200 ha per year from 2018 to 2030. Existing protected areas will be extended to 50 000 ha in 2030. The CPDN plans to introduce improved management of household solid waste through composting. The table below summarizes the various measures taken into account and their potential for reduction. Table 2. Mitigation GHG reductions - 2020, 2025 and 2030. Mitigation measuresGHG reduction potential (tCO2eq.). Horizon 2020Horizon 2025Horizon 2030. Energy185002950041200.

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GNB

A reduction in the quantities put in landfills by diverting part of the waste produced for recycling: paper and cardboard (50%) and textiles (10%). Diversion- Diversion of 10% of food waste to composting. Stabilization- Stabilization of the breakdown between open and managed landfills at the same rate as in 2014, i.e., around 25% (open landfills) and 75% (controlled landfills). Recovery- Recovery (flaring or recovery) of 1% of CH 4 generated by 2030.

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KOR

"The Republic of Korea is focusing on driving a low-carbon transition in emission-intensive sectors, i.e., steelmaking, petrochemicals, and cement industries. In industrial production processes, electric furnaces are expected to be used to reduce emissions, and bionaphtha will be increasingly used as a feedstock for petrochemical crackers instead of naphtha. In the cement industry, the energy saving rate is set to be improved, and waste synthetic resin will be used for reduced consumption of fossil fuels. Facilities to reduce fluorinated GHG emissions from the semiconductor and display industries will be expanded."

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FSM