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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
.ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืืฃ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืกืžืช ื”ืกืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืชื•ืงื ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข, ืžืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืื›ื™ืคืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ
ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
.ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืคืกื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื™ื ื• ื ื ืงื˜. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2006 ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ - ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ, ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืžืชื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืืฃ ืœื ื ืฉืงืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืชืงืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ ืœืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื”
ื•ืื•ืœื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืขืจืš ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืจื‘ -ืชื—ื•ืž ื™ ืื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื•ืจืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืœื ืฉื•ื ืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืชื•ืจืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ
.ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง ื–ืžืŸ32 , ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืง ืื ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื’"ื™ ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืขืœ ืกืงืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื™ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ 27 , ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’"ื™.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข_ืž . ืื™ืจื•ื— ืžื•ืคืขื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืœื ื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืื” ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื—ื™ื ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคืชื— ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื™ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคื•ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™, ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืงืง ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืืฉ ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื–; ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–, ืจืฆื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืื—ืจ ืชื—ืชื™ื•.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื ืžืœื™ ื”ื™ื
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 , ื˜ืจื ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืœื ื“ืœื•ืจื“. 2. ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉืœื” ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื ื™ืง12 , ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืœื ื“ืœื•ืจื“, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ , ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ื• , ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”. 3. ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™13 .ื‘ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืงื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื ืง ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื
ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘_ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช_ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื ' ืฉื•ื•ืงื• ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื–ื ื' ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœื™ื–ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื• ื— ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื• ืืคื•ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืคืจ ื•ืจื“ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ืคื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืืจืš ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืจืฉืื”, ืื•ืœื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืค ื™ืชื•ื—, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ืขื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืš ืœื ืžื™ืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืื˜ ืžืื“ ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื ืช 2008 .ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื—"ืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—"ืง ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ื—"ืง ืืฃ ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื—"ืง ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช. ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”ื”. ื”ื ืคืงืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื ืคืงื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื (ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื) ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ ื’ืœืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ืฉ"ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”" ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืœื ื ื•ื”ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืกืง ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ืืœื” ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื. ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื”.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ืชืฉืก_ื—
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื• ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืžื›ืืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืžืคืœืก ื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ื•ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื
ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื•ื— ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื, ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—; ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ; ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื™ื–ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื•ืช. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช "ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืื”ื‘ื”"47 . ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœืขืŸ ืฉื ืคืขืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืžื’ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื. ืœืœื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš - ืœืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืจืก 2007 , ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืฉื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื• -ื’'ืจืกื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ืจื™ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืงืœืื˜ื™ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื“. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืฉื• ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื•ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืคืจืกืžื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ48, 49 .
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ -ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 , ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช, ืคื—ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›-15% ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืจ-ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืงื˜ืข ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื’' ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืงืจืืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2007 ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžืกืžืš ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœื•ืช, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื›ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžื›ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”. ืžืกืžืš ื›ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืงืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื’'15 .
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ โ€“ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ _ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ_
. ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืกืš ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืœืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ื 2006- 2004 . ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘ื› -92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—22, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช (ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘) ื”ืกืชื›ืž ื• ื‘ื›-84 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”2 ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื”. ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2008 ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘ื› -66 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 , ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืœื• "ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2002 -2008 ื”ื•ื ื› -201 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—". ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”- 2000 ., ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืœื ื ื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฉืกื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืžื”ื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-31_12_07 โ€“ ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช
ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชื“ืจื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ื”ืจืืชื” ืขืฆืžืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 322 ืžื™ืงืจื• ื•ื•ืื˜ ืœืกืž"ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื”ืกืฃ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™. ืžืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื ื”. ื‘ืกืงืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2006 ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื›ืœืกืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื• ืช, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 141 ืžื™ืงืจื• ื•ื•ืื˜ ืœืกืž"ืจ, ืฉื”ื ืกื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›-15% ืžื”ืกืฃ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฆืžืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10% .ื‘ืœื‘ื“
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”
.ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืื›ื™ืคืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืงื ืชืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžื“ืข (ืžื”_ื˜)
.ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกืื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ (ื›-74% ) ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืืคืกื™ (ื›ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื•ืžื™ืœ), ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง 15% ืžื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›-31% .ืžื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžืคืขืœื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžืคืขืœื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืข_ืž - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004 -2006 ืœื ืžืกืจื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืžืกืจื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”. ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜
. ;"ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉื”ืฉืจ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืืœืกื ื ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ืžืง ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•; ื•ืขื“ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื” ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืงื•ื–ื– ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”; ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื ืฉื›ืจ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื• ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžืชื ืื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืืฃ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ื ืฉื•ื‘.
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื - ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘
ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื31 ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืงื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื–ื™ืจื•ื– ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ื•ืœืกืคืง ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ืœื ืคืขืœื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœื™ - ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ืงืจื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืžื ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืคืงื— ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื” ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆืชื• ื•ื›ืš ืชื™ืคื’ืข ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—. (ื“) ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื“ื™ืจ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2007 ืœื ืื•ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืืœื™ื•.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ
. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืชืจื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืžืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื•ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
.ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1999 ื™ื“ืขื” ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื•ืืงืฃ ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™"ืก ืขื "ื—. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืž"ืฆ, ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ืืฃ ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื” ืื•ืฉืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ, ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื ืขืกืงื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืž"ืฆ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื™ -ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ืžืฉื ืช 2004 ื•ืื™ืœืš ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื” ืžื ื—"ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก ืขื"ื—, ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืชืขื›ื‘ืช ื•ืœื ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื—"ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ืงืฉืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื”ื’ื” ืž ื ื—"ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื•ืฉื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ื ืžืฆื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื“ืขืช
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ - 33%-22% ืžื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”
ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื—ืจื’ื• ืžื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืฉื ืช 2002 . ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2006 , ืขืœื• ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืกื™ื›ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉ"ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื’ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™
ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ืช 2001 ืžื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืฉืช, ื•ื ื™ื›ืจ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœื• ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืขื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื”ืœืš ื•ืชืคื— ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืขืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืคืขืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆืืชืŸ ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืจืžื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืืœ"ื› ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืื• ื”ืชืงื ืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื“ืจืชื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ื™ืŸ.
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคืกื™ืง, ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”_ืœ
.ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ - ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืฉ - ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœื•, ื”ืงืคื“ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช. ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื›ืžื• ืฆื”"ืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืฉืื›"ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ืœืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช; ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื, ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื. ืืฉืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื›"ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืžื•ืค"ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื•, ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ
ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ืขื•ื’ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื•ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืž"ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœ ืกืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื•ื•ืž"ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื’ ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื: ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืžื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉื•ื ื”, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืกืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื•ื•ืž"ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกื— ืœื ืื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืกืชืžื™, ื›ืžื• "ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“".
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž
(ื‘) ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžืชื•ืš ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื‘ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ. ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืจื›ื” ืกื‘ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
2. ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืžืจ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื•ืง ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื–ื”12 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ืžืืคืจื™ืœ 19976 . ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื›ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืฉืจืชืช ืืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืข ืžืฉืงืฃ ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 65,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื“ื™ืจื”; ืืœื ืฉืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืขืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-35,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื“ื™ืจื” (ืœืคื™77 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช). ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื“ ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื›-20,520 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื› - 1.58 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืฉื”ื ื›-68% .ืžื”ืฉื•ืžื”
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ืงืฆืืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื–ื›ืื™ื
.4. ,ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืขืžื™ื“ืจ (ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”) 33 ืž-123 ( 26.8% ) ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืคืœืฉื• ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-15 ืžื”ื (ื›-45%.) ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืœืžื™ืฉ, ื‘ืžืื™ 2008 ื”ื™ื•46 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื—ื–ืงื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ืขืฉืจ ืžื”ืŸ ( 22% .) ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืื™ืจืขื• ืžืฉื ืช 1988 ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข 2007 . ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•. ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื ืžืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืื—ื“. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื’ื•ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” . ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ื”
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืงืฆื•ื‘ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ื—ืœ ื™ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
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ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ, ื—ืชืžื• ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ืกื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 29.553 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 , ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืงื•. ื›ืšื”ืชื ื”ืœื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืžืกื—ืจ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ืื” ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื; ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ื”ืขืกืงืช ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”
.ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืกื•ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืœื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืกืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ ื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืœืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื›ื™ื
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืชื— ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื›ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื”ืกื›ื ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืจื›ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–, ื•ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื”ืกื›ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื›ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืž ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉืžืœื›"ืจ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ืžืœื›"ืจ ื•ืœื ืขื•ืกืง, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื ืื” ื–ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืž ืคืขื ืœืคืขื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ืจื–, ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืžืœื›"ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ โ€“ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘
ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื ืคื’ืขืช ื•ื›ื™ ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื
ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืกื‘ื‘ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ื›ื ื™ื (ืฉืข_ื)
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉืข"ื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืชืงืฆื‘ื•.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ
.ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื›ืก ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ื, ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช - ื”ืื’ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช; ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืก ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“; ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื; ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื›ืก ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ืกืžื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืคืจืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืžืงื” ื›ื™ืื•ืช, ืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื”; ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื•.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื“ื ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืขื•ื’ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื“ืจื™ ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ื›ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืขื“ื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื, ื›ื’ ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ
.ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2005 , ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื—ืจ - ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ. ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื–ืžื ื™. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืคืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืฉืขื™ืงืจื ื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฆืื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืœื ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื: ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ; ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื; ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืœ, ื•ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ืœื” ืชืคื ื™ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘. ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2005 , ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื, ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 17 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—; ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ -ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ืช 2007 ; ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ื‘ืœื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ื•ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื› -139 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘. ื”ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ืœื ืœื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ืคื—ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช, ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ - ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืช ืœื ื’ื‘ ื•ืœื’ืœื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืฉืžืŸ ื”ื•ืงื ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ โ€“ ื‘ื ืง ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 , ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื›ื ืก ืืกืคืช ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืกืคื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืคืจืง. ื”ื•ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืžืžืจืก 2008 ., ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช
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ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” . ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื›ืœืœื” ื ืฉ"ืž ื‘ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ื ื”ืจื—ืคื ื™ื - ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘
.ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืช"ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช .ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ืขืœ ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ ืจื—ืคื ื™ื. ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื•ื›ืคืŸ .ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ .ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™.
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื . ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื”
ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืชืจืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›-35% ืžืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื”"ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš .ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš .ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื: ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” - .ื”ืžืกืžื™ืš ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ืœืงืจืงืข, ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื .ืืœื”; ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” - ื”ืžืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, .ื•ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื .ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ื, ืืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ .ื‘ืกืคืง ื‘ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. .ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช .ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช (ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืชืž"ื 35 ), ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” .ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื . ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘
ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืž"ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื”ืœืš ืœืื•ืžื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ, ื‘ืขืœ .ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืฆื”" ืœ ื’ื•ืคื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช .ื•ื™ื•ืกืจื• ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” .ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื” ืžืขื ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ .ื”ืงื‘ืข ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืœื— ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืž"ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘. ื ื•ื›ื— .ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2020 ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 6.7 ,ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— .ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื™ืคืขืœ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข .ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื” ืžืขื ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช .ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืขืœื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž
. ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœ ื–ื” ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืจืฅ 2018 ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ .ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 , ื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื: (ื) ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ .ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื - ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, .ื”ื’ื ืฉื ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ; (ื‘) ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื“, ืฉื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืŸ .ืžื ื”ืœ ื—' ืœืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. .ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” .ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื .ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื; ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข .ืœืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
.ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘-90% ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืจืฉื ื”ืงื‘"ืŸ ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ืฉืœ .ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื‘"ืŸ, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช .ืœืžืคืงื“ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ืจื”"ืŸ ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” .ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื•ื— ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืชื ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ืŸ ืœื ืชื™ืขื“ .ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืฆืชื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืข ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ .ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื ืžืคืงื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืชื.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”_
ืžืคื™ืงื” ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืก ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืก ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืื‘ืง ื–ื” ื™ื–ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ "ืžืขื•ืช ืฆื“ืง". ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ืกืก ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ. ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืช. ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื”, ืืช ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื” ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืžืขื•ืช ืฆื“ืง" ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืคื”. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื”, ื”ื™ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ืก ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืจืชืขื”, ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืก ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืง ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืœื”. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืžืก, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื—ื™ ื“ืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื” ืฉืชื˜ืคืœ, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ , ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข: ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœืืชืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืก ื›ื›ืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ื ืื—ืจ. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” - ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื™, ืื™ -ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืงื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื—ืœืฉืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž ื•ืฉื—_ืž ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื—ื, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื”ื• ืฆื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช (ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ) ื“ืื–, ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืžืžืืจืก 2014 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื—ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ืœืœ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘_ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ_
ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืขืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฆื•ื“ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ "ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกื”". ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื•ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžืก. ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืชืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืก ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื’ื ืฉื“ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืœื›ื“ ืžื˜ืขื
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ืช
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
ืžื—ืœืงื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื "ื— ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . _ืงื• ื”ืฆื“ืง_ ื•ื’ืžื•ืœ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื - ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘_ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ_
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืžื•ืกืจื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘_ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ_
ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2013 , ืžืชื•ืš335 ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืข "ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ -166 ืขื•ืกืงื™ื (ื› - 50% ). ืžืชื•ืš 307 ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืข"ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ -136 ืขื•ืกืงื™ื (ื›- 44% .) ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืคืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื• ืกืง, ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ืœืคื ื™ื•.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ื’ื ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืชื’"ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืžืขื‘ืจื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืืœืคื™ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉ"ืค. ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืงื‘ืข ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื™ "ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉื•ื ื”". ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืขื ืจืžื™"ื, ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ื•ื‘ื™ื.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ืœืื•ืจ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื—ื—"ื™, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ืชื“ื•ืŸ ืœืืœืชืจ ื‘-28 ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื27 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ื– ืื• ืื’ืฃ, ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืชืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื, ืชืงื‘ืข ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืื• ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ื– ืื• ืื’ืฃ; ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ืžืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื›ืืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื™ื•"ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2012 , ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื”: "ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื•ืกื™ ืฃ ื•ืชืคืขืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ืœืงื” (ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ), ื•ืชืงื‘ืข ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•/ืื• ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ ื•ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉืžื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื" (ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ).
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
.ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื•ืœื ืœื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงืจืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจืชื ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช , ื›ื™ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ืžืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคืง.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
.ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืกืคืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื• ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—, ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืจืขื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื” ื”ื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ืืฃ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืฆื•ืžืฆื ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืค ื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื ืคืชืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืืกืคืงืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืจื™ื™ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืืช ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ. ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื›ื–ืืช ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืื“ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ืฉืœื, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉื™ื•ื ื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ื—ืชื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ - 2002 ืœื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื—"ืฆ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืžื˜ืจืช-ืขืœ ืืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—"ืฆ ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืกืจื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื ืชื•ืฉืœื ื”ืชืž"ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2014 , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื_
ืœืคื™ ืชืจืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข, ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื”ืจื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื ื”ืœ; ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœื”; ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืžึผื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื’ื ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื› ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก, ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
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ืงืจืŸ ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
.ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื ื ืžืฆืื” ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื—ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื ืœื’ืžืœื” ืื• ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ
ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืž ื ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื—ื“. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืคืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ืื ืžื™ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืžื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘. ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจื‘ืช-ืฉื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืชืจื™ื ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ืžืคืขืœื™ ื™ื, ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืจืž"ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืงืขืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ื ืžืœ ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืฆืจ ืžืคืขืœื™ ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœ ื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชื™ื ืงื˜ื ื” ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืฉืœื‘ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืœื” ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฆืขืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-115 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืžื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจื‘ -ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื“ื™ื™ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜. ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”_ . ื—ืกืžื™ ืืกื“ืจื” ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”_
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืืกื“ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืœ ื™ ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืืœื”, ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืืช ื”ืฆื•, ื ืขื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื’ืจื”. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื”ืฆื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื™ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฆื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืื—ื“ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืœืืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”_ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ืื• ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช, ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื ืœืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืจืฉื ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื
ืืฃ ืฉื—ื "ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืœื›ืฉืืœื” ื™ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื, ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉืงืขืชื ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืืœื”. ืžืฉื›ืš, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืชื™ืืœืฅ ื—ื "ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืžืงื•ืคืชื”.
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ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž_ . ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉืžื•ืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฉื ืช 2010 ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืœื‘ืฆืขื•, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืข_ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื - ืชืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ
ื‘ืžืื™ 2011 , ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืงื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื  ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืขืœ 1,269 :ื“ื™ืจื•ืช "ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื (ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ) ื™ื™ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื• ืžื›ื™ืจื”"23 . ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื ืจืฉื ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื”ื ืจืž"ื™, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™; ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช.
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ื ืช_ืข - ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืขืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž_ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจื›ืฉ ื•ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืช_ืข - ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืขืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืชืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืกืง ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2013 , ืืฃืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ. ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื˜ืจื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืข_ืž
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื, ืœื ืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื—ืž"ืช ื‘ ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื•ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืงืœื•ืœืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืœืคืจืกื ื‘ืฆื“ ื›ืœ ืืžืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ืคืจืกื•ื ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืž"ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš, ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื–, ื•ื›ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืœืฉืืช ื’ื ืขืจืš ื›ืœื›ืœื™7.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ_ . ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืจื‘ื ื™ื, _ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื_ ื•ื‘ื“_ืฆื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื”, ืฉื ื—ืชื ืœืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ื—ืจื™ื’ ืžื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”:
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” . ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ืื’ืฃ ืžืช"ืฉ ื›ื™ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื . ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืœืœื• ื’ื ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฆื”_ืœ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืฉื ื ื˜ืฉื• ื•ื ื–ื ื—ื• ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืื’"ืช, ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ืจืžืช-ื”ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืื’"ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื‘ืื’"ืช, ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื ื˜ืฉื• ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืš.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืขืชืงืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื“ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืœื ืกื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฉื ืช 2008.
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MevakerConcTree

A dataset intended for the conclusion allocation task. The dataset represents several states of pre-allocated conclusions to a given hierarchical heading structure.

Citing

If you use MevakerConcTree in your research, please cite Mevaker: Conclusion Extraction and Allocation Resources for the Hebrew Language.

@article{shalumov2024mevaker,
      title={Mevaker: Conclusion Extraction and Allocation Resources for the Hebrew Language}, 
      author={Vitaly Shalumov and Harel Haskey and Yuval Solaz},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2403.09719},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
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