sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
BEGIN
*** ables
v_department_id NUMBER;
v_department_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
*** formation
SELECT @v_department_id = department_id, @v_department_name = department_name FROM departments WHERE department_id = 10;
*** name
UPDATE departments SET department_name = 'Engineering' WHERE department_id = v_department_id;
-- In... ***
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id) VALUES (100, 'John', 'Doe', v_department_id);
-- Ge... ***
DECLARE
@v_employee_count FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_employee_count = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@v_employee_count, '') + ' employees found.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
-- Ra... ***
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid department ID', 16, 1);
END;
/
|
BEGIN
-- Define local variables
v_department_id NUMBER;
v_department_name VARCHAR2(30);
-- Get department information
SELECT department_id, department_name INTO v_department_id, v_department_name FROM departments WHERE department_id = 10;
-- Update department name
UPDATE departments SET department_name = 'Engineering' WHERE department_id = v_department_id;
-- Insert new employee
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id) VALUES (100, 'John', 'Doe', v_department_id);
-- Get employee count
DECLARE
v_employee_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_employee_count FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_employee_count || ' employees found.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
-- Raise an exception
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid department ID');
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@TYPE emp_rec IS RECORD (
emp_id NUMBER,
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50),
salary NUMBER
);
@TYPE emp_tab IS TABLE OF emp_rec;
emp_list emp_tab;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary
[BULK] COLLECT INTO emp_list
FROM employees;
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= emp_list.COUNT BEGIN
CASE WHEN dbo.emp_list(i).salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(dbo.emp_list(i)Isnull(.emp_name, '') + ' earns more than $10,000.');
END IF;
END WHILE 1=1 BEGIN;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total number of employees: ' + ISNULL(emp_list.COUNT, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found in the database.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
TYPE emp_rec IS RECORD (
emp_id NUMBER,
emp_name VARCHAR2(50),
salary NUMBER
);
TYPE emp_tab IS TABLE OF emp_rec;
emp_list emp_tab;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary
BULK COLLECT INTO emp_list
FROM employees;
FOR i IN 1 .. emp_list.COUNT LOOP
IF emp_list(i).salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_list(i).emp_name || ' earns more than $10,000.');
END IF;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total number of employees: ' || emp_list.COUNT);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found in the database.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, first_name || ' ' || last_name INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' || v_emp_id);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_raise_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_raise_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_raise_salary (
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
raise_amount IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
*** exists
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id) BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** ary
DECLARE @new_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @new_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
SET @new_salary = @new_salary + raise_amount;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 No salary information for employee', 16, 1);
END
END;
*** alary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = @new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END;
-- Us... ***
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
raise_amount SET @NUMBER = 1000;
BEGIN
dbo.emp_raise_salary(@emp_id, raise_amount);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_raise_salary (
emp_id IN NUMBER,
raise_amount IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
-- Check if employee exists
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Calculate new salary
DECLARE new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO new_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
new_salary := new_salary + raise_amount;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'No salary information for employee');
END;
-- Update employee salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
END;
-- Usage
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
raise_amount NUMBER := 1000;
BEGIN
emp_raise_salary(emp_id, raise_amount);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE test_table (id FLOAT, name VARCHAR(255));
INSERT INTO test_table VALUES (1, 'John');
INSERT INTO test_table VALUES (2, 'Mary');
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name FROM test_table WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' + isnull(@v_id, '') + ', Name: ' + isnull(v_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_max_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_max_id = MAX(id) FROM test_table;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Maximum ID: ' + isnull(@v_max_id, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE test_table (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(255));
INSERT INTO test_table VALUES (1, 'John');
INSERT INTO test_table VALUES (2, 'Mary');
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name INTO v_id, v_name FROM test_table WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' || v_id || ', Name: ' || v_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_max_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(id) INTO v_max_id FROM test_table;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Maximum ID: ' || v_max_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE TestProcedure (
@p_num IN AS NUMBER
) IS
l_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
set @l_sum = p_num + 10;
UPDATE TestTable SET col1 = l_sum WHERE col2 = p_num;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred in TestProcedure: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''), 16, 1);
END;
DECLARE
@l_num FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @l_num = 10;
dbo.TestProcedure(@l_num);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE TestProcedure (
p_num IN NUMBER
) IS
l_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
l_sum := p_num + 10;
UPDATE TestTable SET col1 = l_sum WHERE col2 = p_num;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error occurred in TestProcedure: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
DECLARE
l_num NUMBER;
BEGIN
l_num := 10;
TestProcedure(l_num);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_bonus', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_bonus;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_bonus(@emp_id FLOAT, @bonus FLOAT) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + @bonus
WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
GO
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_bonus(emp_id NUMBER, bonus NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + bonus
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid employee ID', 16, 1);
END
RETURN salary;
END get_employee_salary;
DECLARE
@salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(@salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid employee ID');
END IF;
RETURN salary;
END get_employee_salary;
DECLARE
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Employee_Details (
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT emp_name VARCHAR2,
OUT emp_salary NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = name, @emp_salary = salary
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @emp_name = NULL;
set @emp_salary = NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Employee_Details (
emp_id IN NUMBER,
OUT emp_name VARCHAR2,
OUT emp_salary NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary INTO emp_name, emp_salary
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
emp_name := NULL;
emp_salary := NULL;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @employee_id FLOAT := 100;
DECLARE @salary FLOAT := dbo.get_employee_salary(@employee_id);
BEGIN
IF @salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
SET @salary = @salary * 1.10;
dbo.update_employee_salary(@employee_id, @salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE employee_id NUMBER := 100;
DECLARE salary NUMBER := get_employee_salary(employee_id);
BEGIN
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
salary := salary * 1.10;
update_employee_salary(employee_id, salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('calculate_total_sales', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE calculate_total_sales;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_total_sales(@year IN AS NUMBER, total_sales OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(amount) FROM sales WHERE YEAR(sale_date) = year;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @total_sales = 0;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculate_total_sales(year IN NUMBER, total_sales OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(amount) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE EXTRACT(YEAR FROM sale_date) = year;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
total_sales := 0;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_details(@id IN AS NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = id;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_details(id IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = id;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE fetch_product_by_id(@in_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
product_record products%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @product_record = *
FROM products
WHERE product_id = in_id;
IF NOT FOUND BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Product not found.', 16, 1);
END
RETURN product_record;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_product_name(@in_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
product_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @product_name = product_name
FROM products
WHERE product_id = in_id;
IF NOT FOUND BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
RETURN product_name;
END;
DECLARE
@product_id FLOAT := 1;
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM products; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@rec_product_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(@rec_product_name, ''));
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE fetch_product_by_id(in_id IN NUMBER) IS
product_record products%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO product_record
FROM products
WHERE product_id = in_id;
IF NOT FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Product not found.');
END IF;
RETURN product_record;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_product_name(in_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
product_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT product_name
INTO product_name
FROM products
WHERE product_id = in_id;
IF NOT FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END IF;
RETURN product_name;
END;
DECLARE
product_id NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM products) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(rec.product_id || ' ' || rec.product_name);
END LOOP;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('add_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE add_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
@p_first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER,
p_department_id IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(first_name, last_name, email, phone_number, hire_date, job_id, salary, manager_id, department_id)
VALUES (p_first_name, p_last_name, p_email, p_phone_number, p_hire_date, p_job_id, p_salary, p_manager_id, p_department_id);
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee added successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with the same email already exists');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred while adding the employee');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_employee(
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER,
p_department_id IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(first_name, last_name, email, phone_number, hire_date, job_id, salary, manager_id, department_id)
VALUES (p_first_name, p_last_name, p_email, p_phone_number, p_hire_date, p_job_id, p_salary, p_manager_id, p_department_id);
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee added successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with the same email already exists');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred while adding the employee');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER)
IS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@rec_order_id, '') + ', Order Date: ' + isnull(@rec_order_date, '') + ', Total Amount: ' + isnull(@rec_total_amount, ''));
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
END;
/
DECLARE
@v_order_id FLOAT;
v_total_amount NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @v_order_id = 1001;
SELECT @v_total_amount = total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = @v_order_id;
IF v_total_amount IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid order ID');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total amount for order ' + isnull(@v_order_id, '') + ' is ' + isnull(v_total_amount, ''));
END
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('get_max_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_max_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_max_salary(@department_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
max_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @max_salary = MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = department_id;
RETURN max_salary;
END;
/
DECLARE
@v_department_id FLOAT := 10;
v_max_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @v_max_salary = dbo.get_max_salary(@v_department_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Maximum salary in department ' + isnull(@v_department_id, '') + ' is ' + isnull(v_max_salary, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER)
IS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
FOR rec IN c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || rec.order_id || ', Order Date: ' || rec.order_date || ', Total Amount: ' || rec.total_amount);
END LOOP;
END;
/
DECLARE
v_order_id NUMBER;
v_total_amount NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_order_id := 1001;
SELECT total_amount
INTO v_total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = v_order_id;
IF v_total_amount IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid order ID');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total amount for order ' || v_order_id || ' is ' || v_total_amount);
END IF;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_max_salary(department_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
max_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(salary)
INTO max_salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = department_id;
RETURN max_salary;
END;
/
DECLARE
v_department_id NUMBER := 10;
v_max_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_max_salary := get_max_salary(v_department_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Maximum salary in department ' || v_department_id || ' is ' || v_max_salary);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@p_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
*** iables
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
-- Fe... ***
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_sal = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_id;
*** exists
IF v_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found with ID: ' + isnull(p_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
*** tails
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(v_sal, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 No data found for employee with ID: ' + isnull(p_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(p_id IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
-- Declare local variables
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
-- Fetch employee data
SELECT name, salary INTO v_name, v_sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_id;
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found with ID: ' || p_id);
END IF;
-- Print employee details
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || v_sal);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'No data found for employee with ID: ' || p_id);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM emp; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @rec_sal > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('High salary: ' + isnull(@rec_ename, ''));
END
ELSE IF @rec_sal >= 5000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Medium salary: ' + isnull(@rec_ename, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Low salary: ' + isnull(@rec_ename, ''));
END
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM emp) LOOP
IF rec.sal > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('High salary: ' || rec.ename);
ELSIF rec.sal >= 5000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Medium salary: ' || rec.ename);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Low salary: ' || rec.ename);
END IF;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, OUT emp_name VARCHAR2, OUT emp_salary NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = first_name, @emp_name = last_name, @emp_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @emp_name = NULL;
set @emp_salary = NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(emp_id IN NUMBER, OUT emp_name VARCHAR2, OUT emp_salary NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary
INTO emp_name, emp_name, emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
emp_name := NULL;
emp_salary := NULL;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@num_param IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
*** the input parameter
IF num_param > 0 BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
ELSE IF num_param < 0 BEGIN
*** erent
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
-- Do... ***
EXCEPTION
WHEN my_exception THEN
*** ion
END my_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(num_param IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
-- Do something with the input parameter
IF num_param > 0 THEN
-- Do something else
ELSIF num_param < 0 THEN
-- Do something different
ELSE
-- Do nothing
END IF;
-- Do something else
EXCEPTION
WHEN my_exception THEN
-- Handle the exception
END my_proc;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @bonus FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @bonus = dbo.get_employee_salary(100);
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + @bonus WHERE employee_id = 100;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
bonus := get_employee_salary(100);
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + bonus WHERE employee_id = 100;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_employee_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_commission NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_employee_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary, @v_commission = commission
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_commission IS NOT NULL BEGIN
SET @v_salary = v_salary + (v_commission * 0.1);
END
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary
WHERE employee_id = 100;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_employee_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_commission NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary, commission
INTO v_employee_id, v_salary, v_commission
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_commission IS NOT NULL THEN
v_salary := v_salary + (v_commission * 0.1);
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary
WHERE employee_id = 100;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_mgr_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** formation based on employee ID
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_mgr_id = mgr_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = 100;
*** ger ID is valid
IF v_mgr_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid manager ID', 16, 1);
END
*** alary and manager ID
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10,
mgr_id = v_mgr_id
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
*** the database
COMMIT;
*** ployee information
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Manager ID: ' + isnull(v_mgr_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** cted errors
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_mgr_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Fetch employee information based on employee ID
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, mgr_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_mgr_id, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = 100;
-- Check if the manager ID is valid
IF v_mgr_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid manager ID');
END IF;
-- Update employee salary and manager ID
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10,
mgr_id = v_mgr_id
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes to the database
COMMIT;
-- Output updated employee information
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Manager ID: ' || v_mgr_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any unexpected errors
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
|
CREATE TABLE employees(id FLOAT, name VARCHAR(50), salary FLOAT);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(1, 'John Doe', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(2, 'Jane Smith', 12000);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id(@id IN AS NUMBER OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @id = name
FROM employees
WHERE id = id;
IF id IS NULL BEGIN
raiserror('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(50);
dbo.get_employee_by_id(1, @name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee name: ' + isnull(@name, ''));
dbo.get_employee_by_id(10, @name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
DROP TABLE employees;
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id;
|
CREATE TABLE employees(id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(50), salary NUMBER);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(1, 'John Doe', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(2, 'Jane Smith', 12000);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id(id IN NUMBER OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO id
FROM employees
WHERE id = id;
IF id IS NULL THEN
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE name VARCHAR2(50);
get_employee_by_id(1, name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee name: ' || name);
get_employee_by_id(10, name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
DROP TABLE employees;
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('employee_salary_update', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE employee_salary_update;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE employee_salary_update(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER,
raise_percent IN NUMBER DEFAULT 10
) IS
BEGIN
*** oyee exists
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id) BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** ee's salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * (1 + raise_percent / 100)
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
*** that occur during the procedure
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE employee_salary_update(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER,
raise_percent IN NUMBER DEFAULT 10
) IS
BEGIN
-- Check if the employee exists
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update the employee's salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * (1 + raise_percent / 100)
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that occur during the procedure
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('add_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE add_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
/* *** ee into the database */
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES(emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary);
/* *** rror, commit the changes */
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_employee(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
/* Insert the employee into the database */
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES(emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary);
/* If there was no error, commit the changes */
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(@empno IN AS NUMBER) AS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = ename, @emp_salary = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = empno;
IF emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(empno IN NUMBER) AS
emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal
INTO emp_name, emp_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = empno;
IF emp_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || emp_salary);
END;
/
|
sql
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer(
@cust_id IN AS NUMBER,
cust_name IN VARCHAR2,
cust_email IN VARCHAR2,
cust_phone IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET customer_name = cust_name,
customer_email = cust_email,
customer_phone = cust_phone
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
COMMIT;
END;
| sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer(
cust_id IN NUMBER,
cust_name IN VARCHAR2,
cust_email IN VARCHAR2,
cust_phone IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET customer_name = cust_name,
customer_email = cust_email,
customer_phone = cust_phone
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
@num FLOAT := 10;
result dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
IF @num > 5 BEGIN
SET @result = 'Number is greater than 5';
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @result = 'Number is less than or equal to 5';
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(result);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
DECLARE
num NUMBER := 10;
result VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
IF num > 5 THEN
result := 'Number is greater than 5';
ELSE
result := 'Number is less than or equal to 5';
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(result);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(@sender_id in AS number, recipient_id in number, amount in number)
AS
p_balance sender.balance%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @p_balance = balance FROM sender WHERE id = sender_id FOR UPDATE;
UPDATE sender SET balance = p_balance - amount WHERE id = sender_id;
UPDATE recipient SET balance = balance + amount WHERE id = recipient_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN too_few_rows THEN
RAISERROR('-20100 Sender account not found', 16, 1);
WHEN others THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; | CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(sender_id in number, recipient_id in number, amount in number)
AS
p_balance sender.balance%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO p_balance FROM sender WHERE id = sender_id FOR UPDATE;
UPDATE sender SET balance = p_balance - amount WHERE id = sender_id;
UPDATE recipient SET balance = balance + amount WHERE id = recipient_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN too_few_rows THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20100, 'Sender account not found');
WHEN others THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; |
*** with Error Handling
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_update', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_update;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_update (
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2
) IS
v_old_job dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_old_job = job FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
*** ee's job
UPDATE emp SET job = p_job WHERE empno = p_empno;
*** the job was not updated
IF v_old_job = p_job BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Job not updated', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
*** late Bonus
IF OBJECT_ID('calc_bonus', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION calc_bonus;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION calc_bonus (
@p_salary IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
BEGIN
RETURN p_salary * 0.1;
END;
/
*** h Control Flow Construct
SELECT ename,
CASE WHEN sal > 5000 THEN 'High Salary'
WHEN sal BETWEEN 3000 AND 5000 THEN 'Medium Salary'
ELSE 'Low Salary'
END AS salary_category
FROM emp;
*** truct with Loop
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_rec CURSOR FOR SELECT empno, ename FROM emp; OPEN emp_rec;
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
SET @v_empno = @emp_rec_empno;
SET @v_ename = @emp_rec_ename;
*** the employee's data
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp_rec;
DEALLOCATE emp_rec;
END;
/
|
-- Stored Procedure with Error Handling
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_update (
p_empno IN NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2
) IS
v_old_job VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT job INTO v_old_job FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
-- Update the employee's job
UPDATE emp SET job = p_job WHERE empno = p_empno;
-- Raise an error if the job was not updated
IF v_old_job = p_job THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Job not updated');
END IF;
END;
/
-- Function to Calculate Bonus
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calc_bonus (
p_salary IN NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
RETURN p_salary * 0.1;
END;
/
-- SQL Statement with Control Flow Construct
SELECT ename,
CASE WHEN sal > 5000 THEN 'High Salary'
WHEN sal BETWEEN 3000 AND 5000 THEN 'Medium Salary'
ELSE 'Low Salary'
END AS salary_category
FROM emp;
-- Control Flow Construct with Loop
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
FOR emp_rec IN (SELECT empno, ename FROM emp) LOOP
v_empno := emp_rec.empno;
v_ename := emp_rec.ename;
-- Do something with the employee's data
END LOOP;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 1001;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_last_name = last_name, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = @v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(v_last_name, '') + ' earns ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 1001;
BEGIN
SELECT last_name, salary
INTO v_last_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_last_name || ' earns ' || v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT
@v_emp_id = emp_id,
@v_emp_name = emp_name,
@v_emp_salary = emp_salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
emp_id = 1234;
IF v_emp_salary < 10000
BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET
emp_salary = v_emp_salary + 500
WHERE
emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(255);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT
emp_id,
emp_name,
emp_salary
INTO
v_emp_id,
v_emp_name,
v_emp_salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
emp_id = 1234;
IF v_emp_salary < 10000
THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low');
ELSE
UPDATE employees
SET
emp_salary = v_emp_salary + 500
WHERE
emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_salary DECIMAL(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
END;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too high: ' + isnull(@v_salary, ''), 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 1;
END
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
END;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too high: ' || v_salary);
ELSE
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 1;
END IF;
END; |
*** rocedure to calculate employee salary
IF OBJECT_ID('CALC_SALARY', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE CALC_SALARY;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE CALC_SALARY(
@IN EMP_ID AS NUMBER,
OUT SALARY NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
*** based on employee's job ID
SELECT @SALARY = SALARY
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE EMP_ID = EMP_ID;
END;
*** to check if a customer is active
IF OBJECT_ID('IS_CUSTOMER_ACTIVE', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION IS_CUSTOMER_ACTIVE;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION IS_CUSTOMER_ACTIVE(
@IN CUSTOMER_ID NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN BOOLEAN
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
*** is active
RETURN (SELECT ACTIVE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CUSTOMER_ID = CUSTOMER_ID) = 1;
END;
*** update employee's department
UPDATE EMPLOYEES
SET DEPT_ID = 20
WHERE EMP_ID = 10;
*** truct to handle error
BEGIN
*** statement
INSERT INTO ORDERS (ORDER_ID, CUSTOMER_ID, PRODUCT_ID, QUANTITY)
VALUES (100, 1, 10, 5);
*** ccurred
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
END;
|
-- Create a stored procedure to calculate employee salary
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE CALC_SALARY(
IN EMP_ID NUMBER,
OUT SALARY NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
-- Calculate salary based on employee's job ID
SELECT SALARY INTO SALARY
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE EMP_ID = EMP_ID;
END;
-- Create a function to check if a customer is active
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION IS_CUSTOMER_ACTIVE(
IN CUSTOMER_ID NUMBER
)
RETURN BOOLEAN
AS
BEGIN
-- Check if customer is active
RETURN (SELECT ACTIVE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CUSTOMER_ID = CUSTOMER_ID) = 1;
END;
-- SQL statement to update employee's department
UPDATE EMPLOYEES
SET DEPT_ID = 20
WHERE EMP_ID = 10;
-- Control flow construct to handle error
BEGIN
-- Try to execute a statement
INSERT INTO ORDERS (ORDER_ID, CUSTOMER_ID, PRODUCT_ID, QUANTITY)
VALUES (100, 1, 10, 5);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle error if occurred
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_info', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_info;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_info(@employee_id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @l_emp_name VARCHAR(200);
SELECT @l_emp_name = name FROM employees WHERE id = @employee_id;
RETURN @l_emp_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 10;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_name = dbo.get_employee_info(@v_emp_id);
IF v_emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 No employee found with ID ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_info(employee_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
l_emp_name VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO l_emp_name FROM employees WHERE id = employee_id;
RETURN l_emp_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 10;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
v_emp_name := get_employee_info(v_emp_id);
IF v_emp_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'No employee found with ID ' || v_emp_id);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || v_emp_name);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_example AS
l_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM table_example;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH l_cursor INTO @r_rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
*** r_rec
END;
CLOSE l_cursor;
END proc_example;
|
PROCEDURE proc_example AS
l_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN l_cursor FOR
SELECT * FROM table_example;
LOOP
FETCH l_cursor INTO r_rec;
EXIT WHEN l_cursor%NOTFOUND;
-- Do something with r_rec
END LOOP;
CLOSE l_cursor;
END proc_example;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET emp_name = 'John' WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee.');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_emp_name IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || v_emp_name);
END IF;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET emp_name = 'John' WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee.');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_salary + 1000 WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that id');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary + 1000 WHERE employee_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that id');
END;
|
DECLARE
@l_name VARCHAR(20) := 'Scott';
l_salary SET @NUMBER = 3000;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updating salary for ' + isnull(@l_name, ''));
*** for the specified employee
UPDATE employees SET salary = l_salary
WHERE last_name = @l_name;
*** te was successful
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows updated for ' + isnull(@l_name, ''));
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee ' + isnull(@l_name, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
l_name VARCHAR2(20) := 'Scott';
l_salary NUMBER := 3000;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updating salary for ' || l_name);
-- Update the salary for the specified employee
UPDATE employees SET salary = l_salary
WHERE last_name = l_name;
-- Check if the update was successful
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows updated for ' || l_name);
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee ' || l_name || ' not found');
END IF;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer(
@in_customer_id IN AS NUMBER,
in_new_name IN VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET customer_name = in_new_name
WHERE customer_id = in_customer_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer(
in_customer_id IN NUMBER,
in_new_name IN VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET customer_name = in_new_name
WHERE customer_id = in_customer_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_gender dbo.VARCHAR2(1);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename, @v_gender = gender FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
IF v_gender = 'M' BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Employee ' + isnull(v_ename, '') + ' is male');
END
ELSE BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Employee ' + isnull(v_ename, '') + ' is female');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
v_gender VARCHAR2(1);
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename, gender INTO v_empno, v_ename, v_gender FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
IF v_gender = 'M' THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Employee ' || v_ename || ' is male');
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('Employee ' || v_ename || ' is female');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Employee not found');
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
employee_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
department_id SMALLINT REFERENCES departments(department_id),
salary DECIMAL(8,2) DEFAULT 0,
hire_date DATE NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE departments (
department_id SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY,
department_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name) VALUES (10, 'Sales');
INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name) VALUES (20, 'Marketing');
INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name) VALUES (30, 'Engineering');
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id, salary, hire_date) VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 10, 10000, '2023-01-01');
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id, salary, hire_date) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 20, 12000, '2023-02-01');
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id, salary, hire_date) VALUES (3, 'Michael', 'Jones', 30, 15000, '2023-03-01');
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id (
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT employee_record OUT employees%ROWTYPE
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @employee_record = *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
END;
BEGIN
employees%ROWTYPE my_employee_record;
dbo.get_employee_by_id(2, my_employee_record);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' + isnull(my_employee_record.first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(my_employee_record.last_name, ''));
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
employee_id NUMBER(6) PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
department_id NUMBER(2) REFERENCES departments(department_id),
salary NUMBER(8,2) DEFAULT 0,
hire_date DATE NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE departments (
department_id NUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY,
department_name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name) VALUES (10, 'Sales');
INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name) VALUES (20, 'Marketing');
INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name) VALUES (30, 'Engineering');
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id, salary, hire_date) VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 10, 10000, '2023-01-01');
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id, salary, hire_date) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 20, 12000, '2023-02-01');
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id, salary, hire_date) VALUES (3, 'Michael', 'Jones', 30, 15000, '2023-03-01');
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id (
employee_id IN NUMBER,
OUT employee_record OUT employees%ROWTYPE
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO employee_record
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
END;
BEGIN
employees%ROWTYPE my_employee_record;
get_employee_by_id(2, my_employee_record);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' || my_employee_record.first_name || ' ' || my_employee_record.last_name);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_department_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_department_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_department_name(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
dept_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT @dept_name = department_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id);
RETURN dept_name;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, raise_amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + raise_amount WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_department_name(emp_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
dept_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT department_name
INTO dept_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id);
RETURN dept_name;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, raise_amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + raise_amount WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('FilterEmployeesBySalary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE FilterEmployeesBySalary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE FilterEmployeesBySalary(
@salary_min IN AS NUMBER,
salary_max IN NUMBER,
OUT result OUT SYS_REFCURSOR)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >= salary_min
AND salary <= salary_max;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FilterEmployeesBySalary(
salary_min IN NUMBER,
salary_max IN NUMBER,
OUT result OUT SYS_REFCURSOR)
IS
BEGIN
OPEN result FOR
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >= salary_min
AND salary <= salary_max;
END;
|
BEGIN
IF @value > 10
BEGIN
UPDATE TABLE SET column = 'value' WHERE id = 1;
CALL procedure(@value);
END;
ELSE
BEGIN
DELETE FROM TABLE WHERE name = 'value';
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Error message';
END;
| BEGIN
IF @value > 10 THEN
BEGIN
UPDATE TABLE SET column = 'value' WHERE id = 1;
CALL procedure(@value);
END;
ELSE
BEGIN
DELETE FROM TABLE WHERE name = 'value';
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Error message';
END;
END; |
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 (id, name) VALUES (i, 'Name' + isnull(i, ''));
END;
COMMIT;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM table1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in table1.');
END
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure (@p_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE table1 SET name = 'Updated Name' WHERE id = p_id;
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION my_function (@p_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT MAX(id) FROM table1 WHERE id < p_id);
END;
BEGIN
IF dbo.my_function(10) IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows with id less than 10 found.'); END
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Max id less than 10 is ' + isnull(dbo.my_function(10), '')); END
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('More than one row with id less than 10 found.');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
INSERT INTO table1 (id, name) VALUES (i, 'Name' || i);
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM table1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in table1.');
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure (p_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE table1 SET name = 'Updated Name' WHERE id = p_id;
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION my_function (p_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT MAX(id) FROM table1 WHERE id < p_id);
END;
BEGIN
CASE WHEN my_function(10) IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows with id less than 10 found.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Max id less than 10 is ' || my_function(10));
END CASE;
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('More than one row with id less than 10 found.');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('avg_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION avg_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION avg_salary(@deptno IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
total_salary NUMBER;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary), @emp_count = COUNT(*)
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = deptno;
IF emp_count = 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RETURN total_salary / emp_count;
END
END avg_salary;
DECLARE
@average_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @average_salary = dbo.avg_salary(20);
IF @average_salary IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees in department 20');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary for department 20: ' + isnull(@average_salary, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION avg_salary(deptno IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
total_salary NUMBER;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary), COUNT(*)
INTO total_salary, emp_count
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = deptno;
IF emp_count = 0 THEN
RETURN NULL;
ELSE
RETURN total_salary / emp_count;
END IF;
END avg_salary;
DECLARE
average_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
average_salary := avg_salary(20);
IF average_salary IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees in department 20');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary for department 20: ' || average_salary);
END IF;
END;
|
declare
@var1 float := 10;
var2 set @number = 20;
begin
-- De... ***
create procedure add_numbers (@a in as number, b in number, sum out number) is
begin
set @sum = a + b;
end add_numbers;
-- Ca... ***
dbo.add_numbers (var1, var2, sum);
-- De... ***
create function get_sum (@a in numberDECLARE , b
begin in
return null;
end; number) return number is
begin
return a + b;
end get_sum;
-- Ca... ***
set @var3 = dbo.get_sum (var1, var2);
*** constructs
if var3 > 10 begin
dbms_output.put_line ('The sum is greater than 10');
end
else begin
dbms_output.put_line ('The sum is less than or equal to 10');
end
-- Ha... ***
begin
*** ght raise an error
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line ('An error occurred');
end;
end;
|
declare
var1 number := 10;
var2 number := 20;
begin
-- Declare a procedure
procedure add_numbers (a in number, b in number, sum out number) is
begin
sum := a + b;
end add_numbers;
-- Call the procedure
add_numbers (var1, var2, sum);
-- Declare a function
function get_sum (a in number, b in number) return number is
begin
return a + b;
end get_sum;
-- Call the function
var3 := get_sum (var1, var2);
-- Use control flow constructs
if var3 > 10 then
dbms_output.put_line ('The sum is greater than 10');
else
dbms_output.put_line ('The sum is less than or equal to 10');
end if;
-- Handle errors
begin
-- Some code that might raise an error
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line ('An error occurred');
end;
end;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id INT;
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 50000
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary + 10000
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(6);
v_salary NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 50000
THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary + 10000
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low to give raise', 16, 1);
END
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low to give raise');
END IF;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE empno = 7902;
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary increased for employee ' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE empno = 7902;
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary increased for employee ' || v_empno);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
@IN customer_id AS NUMBER,
IN start_date DATE,
IN end_date DATE,
OUT cursor_out SYS_REFCURSOR
)
IS
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT *
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id
AND order_date BETWEEN start_date AND end_date;
set @cursor_out = orders_cursor;
END get_customer_orders; | CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
IN customer_id NUMBER,
IN start_date DATE,
IN end_date DATE,
OUT cursor_out SYS_REFCURSOR
)
IS
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN orders_cursor FOR
SELECT *
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id
AND order_date BETWEEN start_date AND end_date;
cursor_out := orders_cursor;
END get_customer_orders; |
DECLARE
@p_employee_id FLOAT;
v_employee_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SET @p_employee_id = 100;
SELECT @v_employee_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = @p_employee_id;
IF v_employee_name IS NULL
BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found') END
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name is ' + isnull(v_employee_name, '')) END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the specified ID');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
p_employee_id NUMBER;
v_employee_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
p_employee_id := 100;
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name
INTO v_employee_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
CASE
WHEN v_employee_name IS NULL
THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found')
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name is ' || v_employee_name)
END CASE;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the specified ID');
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_info (@employee_id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
'SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = ' + isnull(@employee_id, '')
);
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_info (employee_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
'SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = ' || employee_id
);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary(
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
@bonus DECIMAL(10, 2);
gross_salary ROW_NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT @bonus = @bonus
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 1;
SET @gross_salary = salary + @bonus;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@e_count FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @e_count = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END
END;
END;
DECLARE
@dept_id FLOAT;
dept_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
DECLARE r CURSOR FOR SELECT department_id, department_name FROM departments; OPEN r;
FETCH r INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
SET @dept_id = @r_department_id;
SET @dept_name = @r_department_name;
FETCH r INTO;
END;
CLOSE r;
DEALLOCATE r;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary(
employee_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
bonus NUMBER(10, 2);
gross_salary NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT bonus
INTO bonus
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 1;
gross_salary := salary + bonus;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
e_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO e_count FROM employees;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END;
END;
DECLARE
dept_id NUMBER;
dept_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
FOR r IN (SELECT department_id, department_name FROM departments) LOOP
dept_id := r.department_id;
dept_name := r.department_name;
END LOOP;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DECLARE order_rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id; OPEN order_rec;
FETCH order_rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@order_rec_order_id, ''));
DECLARE order_line_rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM order_lines WHERE order_id = @order_rec_order_id; OPEN order_line_rec;
FETCH order_line_rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Product ID: ' + isnull(@order_line_rec_product_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Quantity: ' + isnull(@order_line_rec_quantity, ''));
FETCH order_line_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE order_line_rec;
DEALLOCATE order_line_rec;
FETCH order_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE order_rec;
DEALLOCATE order_rec;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
FOR order_rec IN (SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || order_rec.order_id);
FOR order_line_rec IN (SELECT * FROM order_lines WHERE order_id = order_rec.order_id) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Product ID: ' || order_line_rec.product_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Quantity: ' || order_line_rec.quantity);
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_emp_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_emp_salary IN NUMBER,
p_emp_dept IN NUMBER,
p_emp_mgr IN NUMBER
)
IS
v_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
IF v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees
(emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary, emp_dept, emp_mgr)
VALUES
(p_emp_id, p_emp_name, p_emp_salary, p_emp_dept, p_emp_mgr);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET emp_name = p_emp_name,
emp_salary = p_emp_salary,
emp_dept = p_emp_dept,
emp_mgr = p_emp_mgr
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
END
END;
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
BEGIN
dbo.sp_insert_employee(10, 'John Doe', 10000, 10, 20);
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
@err_code FLOAT;
err_message dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
BEGIN
dbo.sp_insert_employee(11, 'Jane Doe', 10000, 10, 20);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @err_code = @@ERROR;
SET @err_message = SQLERRM;
RAISE;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error code: ' + isnull(@err_code, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error message: ' + isnull(err_message, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_emp_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_emp_salary IN NUMBER,
p_emp_dept IN NUMBER,
p_emp_mgr IN NUMBER
)
IS
v_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id
INTO v_emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
INSERT INTO employees
(emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary, emp_dept, emp_mgr)
VALUES
(p_emp_id, p_emp_name, p_emp_salary, p_emp_dept, p_emp_mgr);
ELSE
UPDATE employees
SET emp_name = p_emp_name,
emp_salary = p_emp_salary,
emp_dept = p_emp_dept,
emp_mgr = p_emp_mgr
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
END IF;
END;
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
BEGIN
sp_insert_employee(10, 'John Doe', 10000, 10, 20);
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
err_code NUMBER;
err_message VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
BEGIN
sp_insert_employee(11, 'Jane Doe', 10000, 10, 20);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
err_code := SQLCODE;
err_message := SQLERRM;
RAISE;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error code: ' || err_code);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error message: ' || err_message);
END;
|
if object_id('my_proc', 'P') is not null
drop procedure my_proc;
go
create procedure my_proc(@p1 in as number, p2 out number) is
v_temp number;
begin
set @v_temp = p1 + 10;
set @p2 = v_temp;
if p2 > 100 begin
raiserror('-20001 Too large', 16, 1);
end
end my_proc;
|
create or replace procedure my_proc(p1 in number, p2 out number) is
v_temp number;
begin
v_temp := p1 + 10;
p2 := v_temp;
if p2 > 100 then
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Too large');
end if;
end my_proc;
|
BEGIN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello World!');
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Scott';
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that name');
END
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value on index');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown error occurred');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello World!');
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id
INTO v_emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Scott';
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that name');
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value on index');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown error occurred');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@var1 FLOAT := 10;
var2 dbo.VARCHAR2(20) := 'Hello';
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
SET @var1 = @var1 + 1;
SET @var2 = isnull(var2, '') + ' World';
END;
UPDATE table1 SET column1 = @var1, column2 = var2 WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
var1 NUMBER := 10;
var2 VARCHAR2(20) := 'Hello';
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
var1 := var1 + 1;
var2 := var2 || ' World';
END LOOP;
UPDATE table1 SET column1 = var1, column2 = var2 WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_count', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_count;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_count(@dept_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURNS
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
cnt NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @cnt = COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id = dept_id;
RETURN cnt;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@dept_id FLOAT;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @dept_id = 10;
SET @emp_count = dbo.get_employee_count(@dept_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee count in department ' + isnull(@dept_id, '') + ': ' + isnull(emp_count, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while getting employee count: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_count(dept_id IN NUMBER) RETURNS NUMBER IS
cnt NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO cnt FROM employees WHERE department_id = dept_id;
RETURN cnt;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
dept_id NUMBER;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
dept_id := 10;
emp_count := get_employee_count(dept_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee count in department ' || dept_id || ': ' || emp_count);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while getting employee count: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM t1; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @rec_val > 5 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Value is too high', 16, 1);
END
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
END;
/ | BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM t1) LOOP
IF rec.val > 5 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Value is too high');
END IF;
END LOOP;
END;
/ |
CREATE TABLE employees
(
emp_id VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL
);
CREATE STORED CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary
(
@IN emp_id AS VARCHAR(10),
OUT salary NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id VARCHAR(10);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @emp_id = '001';
dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id, salary);
dbms_output.put_line('The salary for employee ' + isnull(@emp_id, '') + ' is ' + isnull(salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('No employee found with the given ID.');
END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees
(
emp_id VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER(10, 2) NOT NULL
);
CREATE STORED PROCEDURE get_employee_salary
(
IN emp_id VARCHAR(10),
OUT salary NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
END;
DECLARE
emp_id VARCHAR(10);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_id := '001';
get_employee_salary(emp_id, salary);
dbms_output.put_line('The salary for employee ' || emp_id || ' is ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
dbms_output.put_line('No employee found with the given ID.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT := 10000;
v_bonus SET @NUMBER = 5000;
BEGIN
IF @v_salary > 12000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = @v_salary * 0.1;
END
ELSE IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = @v_salary * 0.05;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 0;
END
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE salary = @v_salary;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER := 10000;
v_bonus NUMBER := 5000;
BEGIN
IF v_salary > 12000 THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
ELSIF v_salary > 10000 THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.05;
ELSE
v_bonus := 0;
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE salary = v_salary;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 7839;
BEGIN
DECLARE cur_emp CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno; OPEN cur_emp;
FETCH cur_emp INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@cur_emp_ename, '') + ' earns ' + isnull(@cur_emp_sal, '') + ' per month.');
FETCH cur_emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE cur_emp;
DEALLOCATE cur_emp;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno=' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 7839;
BEGIN
FOR cur_emp IN (SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(cur_emp.ename || ' earns ' || cur_emp.sal || ' per month.');
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno=' || v_empno);
END;
|
SET @SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 1000000;
DECLARE
@v_cnt INTEGER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_cnt = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''Total employees: '' + isnull(@v_cnt, ''));
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 20;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''Salary updated declare employees cursor for department 20'');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''Error updating salary: '' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
FETCH employees INTO;
END;
CLOSE employees;
DEALLOCATE employees;
END;
/
|
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 1000000;
DECLARE
v_cnt INTEGER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_cnt FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''Total employees: '' || v_cnt);
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 20;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''Salary updated for employees in department 20'');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''Error updating salary: '' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateEmployeeSalary(
@IN p_emp_id AS NUMBER,
IN p_salary NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_salary
WHERE employee_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
@v_employee_id FLOAT := 100;
v_salary SET @NUMBER = 10000;
BEGIN
BEGIN
dbo.UpdateEmployeeSalary(@v_employee_id, v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateEmployeeSalary(
IN p_emp_id NUMBER,
IN p_salary NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_salary
WHERE employee_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
v_employee_id NUMBER := 100;
v_salary NUMBER := 10000;
BEGIN
BEGIN
UpdateEmployeeSalary(v_employee_id, v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** for the specified employee ID
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
*** oyee exists
IF v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** a 10% raise
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
*** ed salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updated salary: ' + isnull(v_salary * 1.10, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** that may occur
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Select the salary for the specified employee ID
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
-- Check if the employee exists
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Give the employee a 10% raise
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
-- Display the updated salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updated salary: ' || v_salary * 1.10);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any errors that may occur
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(100);
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(isnull(@v_name, '') + ' earns ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No employee found in department 10');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
v_salary NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary
INTO v_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_name || ' earns ' || v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No employee found in department 10');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee
(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees
(
emp_id,
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary
)
VALUES
(
p_emp_id,
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_phone_number,
p_hire_date,
p_job_id,
p_salary
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Duplicate employee ID', 16, 1);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE insert_employee
(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees
(
emp_id,
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary
)
VALUES
(
p_emp_id,
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_phone_number,
p_hire_date,
p_job_id,
p_salary
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Duplicate employee ID');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_balance', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_balance;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
BEGIN
DECLARE @balance FLOAT;
SELECT @balance = @balance FROM accounts WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN @balance;
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('transfer_funds', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE transfer_funds;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(@from_account IN AS NUMBER, to_account IN NUMBER, amount IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DECLARE @from_balance FLOAT;
DECLARE @to_balance FLOAT;
SELECT @from_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = from_account;
SELECT @to_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = to_account;
IF @from_balance < amount BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Insufficient funds', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_id = from_account;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_id = to_account;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE @amount FLOAT;
SET @amount = 100;
dbo.transfer_funds(1, 2, @amount);
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
DECLARE balance NUMBER;
SELECT balance INTO balance FROM accounts WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN balance;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(from_account IN NUMBER, to_account IN NUMBER, amount IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DECLARE from_balance NUMBER;
DECLARE to_balance NUMBER;
SELECT balance INTO from_balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = from_account;
SELECT balance INTO to_balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = to_account;
IF from_balance < amount THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Insufficient funds');
END IF;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_id = from_account;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_id = to_account;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE amount NUMBER;
amount := 100;
transfer_funds(1, 2, amount);
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQL%NOTFOUND BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employee found with ID: ' + isnull(emp_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN 0;
END
END;
DECLARE
@v_employee_id INTEGER := 100;
v_new_salary SET @PLS_INTEGER = 40000;
BEGIN
dbo.update_employee(@v_employee_id, v_new_salary);
END;
|
PROCEDURE update_employee(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employee found with ID: ' || emp_id);
END IF;
END;
FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
DECLARE
v_employee_id PLS_INTEGER := 100;
v_new_salary PLS_INTEGER := 40000;
BEGIN
update_employee(v_employee_id, v_new_salary);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(50);
emp_salary ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
CURSOR c_emp IS
SELECT @emp_name, emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE dept_id = 10;
BEGIN
DECLARE r_emp CURSOR FOR c_emp LOOP
SET @emp_name = @r_emp_emp_name;
SET @emp_salary = @r_emp_emp_salary;
*** the data
FETCH r_emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE r_emp;
DEALLOCATE r_emp;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
END
*** und exception
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
emp_salary NUMBER(10,2);
CURSOR c_emp IS
SELECT emp_name, emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE dept_id = 10;
BEGIN
FOR r_emp IN c_emp LOOP
emp_name := r_emp.emp_name;
emp_salary := r_emp.emp_salary;
-- Do something with the data
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle no data found exception
END;
END; |
DECLARE
@l_id FLOAT;
l_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT @l_id = id, @l_name = name
FROM employees
WHERE id = &id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' + isnull(@l_id, '') + ', Name: ' + isnull(l_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found!');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
l_id NUMBER;
l_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name
INTO l_id, l_name
FROM employees
WHERE id = &id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' || l_id || ', Name: ' || l_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found!');
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees(
emp_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
emp_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
dept_id SMALLINT REFERENCES departments(dept_id),
salary DECIMAL(8,2)
);
CREATE TABLE departments(
dept_id SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY,
dept_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO departments(dept_id, dept_name) VALUES (10, 'Sales');
INSERT INTO departments(dept_id, dept_name) VALUES (20, 'Marketing');
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, emp_name, dept_id, salary) VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10, 50000);
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, emp_name, dept_id, salary) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 20, 45000);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_salary(1, @emp_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees(
emp_id NUMBER(6) PRIMARY KEY,
emp_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
dept_id NUMBER(4) REFERENCES departments(dept_id),
salary NUMBER(8,2)
);
CREATE TABLE departments(
dept_id NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY,
dept_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO departments(dept_id, dept_name) VALUES (10, 'Sales');
INSERT INTO departments(dept_id, dept_name) VALUES (20, 'Marketing');
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, emp_name, dept_id, salary) VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10, 50000);
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, emp_name, dept_id, salary) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 20, 45000);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO p_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
get_employee_salary(1, emp_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || emp_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_name VARCHAR(50);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_dept_id NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename, @v_salary = sal, @v_dept_id = deptno, @v_bonus = bonus
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7788;
IF v_bonus IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 0;
END
SET @v_salary = v_salary * (1 + v_bonus / 100);
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_salary
WHERE empno = 7788;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_dept_id NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal, deptno, bonus
INTO v_emp_name, v_salary, v_dept_id, v_bonus
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7788;
IF v_bonus IS NULL THEN
v_bonus := 0;
END IF;
v_salary := v_salary * (1 + v_bonus / 100);
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_salary
WHERE empno = 7788;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
*** oyee
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name) VALUES (1001, 'John Doe');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
*** value on index error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value on index');
END;
*** ee's name
SELECT @v_emp_name = emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1001;
*** ee's name
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_name);
COMMIT;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
-- Insert a new employee
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name) VALUES (1001, 'John Doe');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
-- Handle duplicate value on index error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value on index');
END;
-- Select the employee's name
SELECT emp_name INTO v_emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1001;
-- Output the employee's name
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_name);
COMMIT;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_num = 10;
SET @v_num = @v_num + 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
NULL;
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_num := 10;
v_num := v_num + 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
NULL;
END;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee (
@first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR ('-20002 Employee already exists', 16, 1);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_by_id (
@employee_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN employees%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR ('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
BEGIN
SET @emp = dbo.get_employee_by_id (10);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (isnull(@emp_first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@emp_last_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN others THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR ('-20000 An unexpected error occurred', 16, 1);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee (
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20002, 'Employee already exists');
END;
FUNCTION get_employee_by_id (
employee_id IN NUMBER
) RETURN employees%ROWTYPE AS
BEGIN
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
emp := get_employee_by_id (10);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (emp.first_name || ' ' || emp.last_name || ', ' || emp.salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN others THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20000, 'An unexpected error occurred');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
*** ata
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_salary,
deptno = p_deptno
WHERE empno = p_empno;
*** as successful
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
*** no rows were updated
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
p_empno IN NUMBER,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
-- Update employee data
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_salary,
deptno = p_deptno
WHERE empno = p_empno;
-- Check if update was successful
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
-- Raise an error if no rows were updated
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7839;
IF v_salary < 10000
BEGIN
SET @v_salary = v_salary * 1.1;
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary
WHERE empno = 7839;
COMMIT;
RAISERROR('-20001 Updated salary: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_salary), ''), 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Salary too high to be increased: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_salary), ''), 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, salary
INTO v_empno, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7839;
IF v_salary < 10000
THEN
v_salary := v_salary * 1.1;
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary
WHERE empno = 7839;
COMMIT;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Updated salary: ' || TO_CHAR(v_salary));
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Salary too high to be increased: ' || TO_CHAR(v_salary));
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_num = MAX(col1) FROM table1;
IF @v_num IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_num = 0;
END
SET @v_num = @v_num + 1;
INSERT INTO table1 (col1) VALUES (@v_num);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(col1) INTO v_num FROM table1;
IF v_num IS NULL THEN
v_num := 0;
END IF;
v_num := v_num + 1;
INSERT INTO table1 (col1) VALUES (v_num);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE order_row CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@order_row_order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + isnull(@order_row_order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' + isnull(@order_row_total_amount, ''));
FETCH order_row INTO;
END;
CLOSE order_row;
DEALLOCATE order_row;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer with ID ' + isnull(customer_id, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) IS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
FOR order_row IN c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || order_row.order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || order_row.order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' || order_row.total_amount);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer with ID ' || customer_id);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateEmployeeSalary(@employeeId IN AS NUMBER, newSalary IN NUMBER) IS
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employeeId;
IF emp_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid employee ID: ' + ISNULL(employeeId, ''), 16, 1);
END
ELSE IF newSalary < emp_salary BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 New salary must be greater than or equal to current salary: ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''), 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = newSalary WHERE employee_id = employeeId;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateEmployeeSalary(employeeId IN NUMBER, newSalary IN NUMBER) IS
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO emp_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employeeId;
IF emp_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid employee ID: ' || employeeId);
ELSIF newSalary < emp_salary THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'New salary must be greater than or equal to current salary: ' || emp_salary);
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = newSalary WHERE employee_id = employeeId;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('add_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE add_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
@p_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_doj IN DATE
)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_name, salary, date_of_joining)
VALUES (p_name, p_salary, p_doj);
COMMIT;
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_bonus', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION emp_bonus;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION emp_bonus(
@p_salary IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
BEGIN
RETURN (CASE
WHEN p_salary > 10000
THEN 0.1 * p_salary
ELSE 0
END);
END;
/
SELECT *
FROM employees;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_name VARCHAR(50);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_emp_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(v_emp_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 1');
END
END;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_employee(
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_doj IN DATE
)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_name, salary, date_of_joining)
VALUES (p_name, p_salary, p_doj);
COMMIT;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION emp_bonus(
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
BEGIN
RETURN (CASE
WHEN p_salary > 10000
THEN 0.1 * p_salary
ELSE 0
END);
END;
/
SELECT *
FROM employees;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_name, salary
INTO v_emp_name, v_emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || v_emp_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 1');
END;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
IF v_emp_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_emp_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_emp_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
IF v_emp_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id || ' not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_emp_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_num_rows FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_num_rows = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
IF @v_num_rows > 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employees table is not empty.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employees table is empty.');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in employees table.');
END
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_num_rows NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_num_rows FROM employees;
IF v_num_rows > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employees table is not empty.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employees table is empty.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in employees table.');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE greet_employee(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello, ' + isnull(emp_name, '') + '!');
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found!');
END
END;
/
DECLARE
@x INTEGER := 10;
y SET @INTEGER = 20;
BEGIN
IF @x > y BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('x is greater than y');
END
ELSE IF @x < y BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('x is less than y');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('x is equal to y');
END
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE greet_employee(emp_id IN NUMBER) IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name INTO emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello, ' || emp_name || '!');
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found!');
END;
/
DECLARE
x INTEGER := 10;
y INTEGER := 20;
BEGIN
IF x > y THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('x is greater than y');
ELSIF x < y THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('x is less than y');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('x is equal to y');
END IF;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@l_empno FLOAT := 1234;
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @l_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_city = city, @l_deptno = department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = @l_empno;
IF l_city IS NULL BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET city = 'Unknown' WHERE employee_id = @l_empno;
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
l_empno NUMBER := 1234;
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = l_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
SELECT city, department_id INTO l_city, l_deptno
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = l_empno;
IF l_city IS NULL THEN
UPDATE employees SET city = 'Unknown' WHERE employee_id = l_empno;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF @v_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(@v_name, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT name
INTO v_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF v_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || v_name);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'SCOTT';
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'SCOTT';
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
sql
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
@customer_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT order_ids OUT SYS_REFCURSOR
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT order_id
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
| sql
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
customer_id IN NUMBER,
OUT order_ids OUT SYS_REFCURSOR
)
IS
BEGIN
OPEN order_ids FOR
SELECT order_id
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id FLOAT)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary
FROM employees
WHERE @employee_id = @employee_id;
RETURN @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** er and salary
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
-- Up... ***
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
-- Ch... ***
IF @@ERROR <> 0 BEGIN
*** andle it somehow
RAISE;
END
END; | DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get employee number and salary
SELECT empno, salary
INTO v_empno, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
-- Update salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Check for errors
IF SQLCODE <> 0 THEN
-- Error occurred, handle it somehow
RAISE;
END IF;
END; |
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
salary NUMBER;
salaries SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @salary = 10000;
SELECT employee_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >= salary;
FETCH salaries INTO @emp_id, @salary;
WHILE salaries%FOUND BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@emp_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(salary, ''));
FETCH salaries INTO @emp_id, @salary;
END;
CLOSE salaries;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found with salary >= ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
salary NUMBER;
salaries SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
salary := 10000;
OPEN salaries FOR
SELECT employee_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >= salary;
FETCH salaries INTO emp_id, salary;
WHILE salaries%FOUND LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_id || ' ' || salary);
FETCH salaries INTO emp_id, salary;
END LOOP;
CLOSE salaries;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found with salary >= ' || salary);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetEmployeeSalary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
RETURN @salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @bonus DECIMAL(10,2) := 0;
BEGIN
SET @bonus = dbo.GetEmployeeSalary(100) * 0.1;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + @bonus WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE bonus NUMBER(10,2) := 0;
BEGIN
bonus := GetEmployeeSalary(100) * 0.1;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + bonus WHERE employee_id = 100;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = id;
RETURN emp_name;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name INTO emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = id;
RETURN emp_name;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
DECLARE
@emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @emp_salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END;
DECLARE
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_salary := get_employee_salary(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || emp_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders (@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, total_amount, order_date
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE o CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@o_order_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(@o_total_amount, '') + ' ' + isnull(@o_order_date, ''));
FETCH o INTO;
END;
CLOSE o;
DEALLOCATE o;
END;
DECLARE
@v_customer_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_customer_id = 12345;
dbo.GetCustomerOrders(@v_customer_id);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders (p_customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, total_amount, order_date
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
BEGIN
FOR o IN c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(o.order_id || ' ' || o.total_amount || ' ' || o.order_date);
END LOOP;
END;
DECLARE
v_customer_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_customer_id := 12345;
GetCustomerOrders(v_customer_id);
END;
|
DECLARE
@name VARCHAR(20) := 'John Doe';
BEGIN
*** rd into the employees table
INSERT INTO employees (name) VALUES (@name);
*** f an existing record
UPDATE employees SET name = 'Jane Doe' WHERE @name = 'John Doe';
*** rom the employees table
DELETE FROM employees WHERE @name = 'Jane Doe';
*** cedure
CALL my_stored_procedure(@name);
-- Ca... ***
SELECT @name FROM employees WHERE @name = dbo.my_function(@name);
-- Ha... ***
BEGIN
*** query that will fail
SELECT * FROM non_existent_table;
*** 42 error
EXCEPTION
WHEN ORA-00942 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table does not exist');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
name VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
BEGIN
-- Insert a new record into the employees table
INSERT INTO employees (name) VALUES (name);
-- Update the name of an existing record
UPDATE employees SET name = 'Jane Doe' WHERE name = 'John Doe';
-- Delete a record from the employees table
DELETE FROM employees WHERE name = 'Jane Doe';
-- Call a stored procedure
CALL my_stored_procedure(name);
-- Call a function
SELECT name FROM employees WHERE name = my_function(name);
-- Handle an error
BEGIN
-- Try to execute a query that will fail
SELECT * FROM non_existent_table;
-- Catch the ORA-00942 error
EXCEPTION
WHEN ORA-00942 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table does not exist');
END;
END;
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