sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
DECLARE
@v_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE */ := 10;
v_salary EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employee WHERE empno = @v_empno;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employee SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Salary is too low for raise', 16, 1);
END
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE := 10;
v_salary EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employee WHERE empno = v_empno;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employee SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Salary is too low for raise');
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
salary NUMBER;
*** tails
SELECT @emp_id = @emp_id, @emp_name = emp_name, @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE @emp_id = 100;
*** exists
IF @emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
-- Em... ***
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found with ID: ' + 100, 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** alary
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 1000 WHERE @emp_id = 100;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END
*** g for employee not found
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 No data found for employee with ID: ' + 100, 16, 1);
END
END;
/ | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
salary NUMBER;
-- Fetch employee details
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary INTO emp_id, emp_name, salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 100;
-- Check if employee exists
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
-- Employee not found
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found with ID: ' || 100);
ELSE
-- Update employee salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 1000 WHERE emp_id = 100;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
END IF;
-- Exception handling for employee not found
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'No data found for employee with ID: ' || 100);
END;
/ |
DECLARE
@emp_sal FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_sal = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF @emp_sal IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = @emp_sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7788;
END
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO emp_sal FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF emp_sal IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
ELSE
UPDATE emp SET salary = emp_sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7788;
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('SP_GET_EMP_INFO', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE SP_GET_EMP_INFO;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE SP_GET_EMP_INFO(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
emp_name OUT VARCHAR2,
emp_salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = ename, @emp_salary = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_id FLOAT := 100;
DECLARE @emp_name VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE @emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
dbo.SP_GET_EMP_INFO(@emp_id, @emp_name, @emp_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found with ID: ' + isnull(@emp_id, ''));
END
END;
END; | CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SP_GET_EMP_INFO(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
emp_name OUT VARCHAR2,
emp_salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal
INTO emp_name, emp_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_id NUMBER := 100;
DECLARE emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
DECLARE emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SP_GET_EMP_INFO(emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || emp_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found with ID: ' || emp_id);
END;
END; |
BEGIN
*** e to store the result
DECLARE @result FLOAT;
*** to iterate through the rows in a table
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name;
-- Op... ***
OPEN cursor_name;
*** ow into the result variable
FETCH cursor_name INTO @result;
*** ore rows to fetch, continue the loop
WHILE @result IS NOT NULL BEGIN
*** the result
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@result);
*** w into the result variable
FETCH cursor_name INTO @result;
END;
-- Cl... ***
CLOSE cursor_name;
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare a variable to store the result
DECLARE result NUMBER;
-- Declare a cursor to iterate through the rows in a table
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name;
-- Open the cursor
OPEN cursor_name;
-- Fetch the first row into the result variable
FETCH cursor_name INTO result;
-- While there are more rows to fetch, continue the loop
WHILE result IS NOT NULL LOOP
-- Do something with the result
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(result);
-- Fetch the next row into the result variable
FETCH cursor_name INTO result;
END LOOP;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE cursor_name;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name (@p_id FLOAT) AS
l_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @l_name = name FROM table_name WHERE id = p_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' + isnull(l_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for ID ' + isnull(p_id, ''));
END
END;
CREATE FUNCTION func_name (@p_id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @l_name VARCHAR(20);
SELECT @l_name = name FROM table_name WHERE id = @p_id;
RETURN @l_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
UPDATE table_name
SET name = 'New Name'
WHERE id = 1;
DECLARE record CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM table_name; OPEN record;
FETCH record INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' + isnull(@record_id, '') + ', Name: ' + isnull(@record_name, ''));
FETCH record INTO;
END;
CLOSE record;
DEALLOCATE record;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_count BIGINT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_count = COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total rows: ' + isnull(@v_count, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name (p_id NUMBER) AS
l_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO l_name FROM table_name WHERE id = p_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || l_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for ID ' || p_id);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION func_name (p_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
l_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO l_name FROM table_name WHERE id = p_id;
RETURN l_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
UPDATE table_name
SET name = 'New Name'
WHERE id = 1;
FOR record IN (SELECT * FROM table_name) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' || record.id || ', Name: ' || record.name);
END LOOP;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER(10);
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM table_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total rows: ' || v_count);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE departments (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE employee_departments (
employee_id INT NOT NULL,
department_id INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (employee_id, department_id),
FOREIGN KEY (employee_id) REFERENCES employees (id),
FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments (id)
);
*** to get employee details
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee (
@emp_id IN AS employees.id%TYPE,
OUT emp_name OUT employees.name%TYPE,
OUT emp_salary OUT employees.salary%TYPE
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = name, @emp_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE id = emp_id;
END;
*** late average salary
IF OBJECT_ID('avg_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION avg_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION avg_salary (
@dept_id IN departments.idDECLARE %TYPE
BEGIN
)
RETURN NULL;
END; RETURN ROW_NUMBER(10, 2)
IS
total_salary ROW_NUMBER(10, 2);
num_employees NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary), @num_employees = COUNT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE id IN (SELECT employee_id FROM employee_departments WHERE department_id = dept_id);
IF num_employees > 0 BEGIN
RETURN total_salary / num_employees;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
*** oyees and their average department salary
SELECT e.id, e.name, e.salary, dbo.avg_salary(d.id) AS avg_dept_salary
FROM employees e
JOIN employee_departments ed ON e.id = ed.employee_id
JOIN departments d ON ed.department_id = d.id;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER(10, 2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE departments (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE employee_departments (
employee_id INT NOT NULL,
department_id INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (employee_id, department_id),
FOREIGN KEY (employee_id) REFERENCES employees (id),
FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments (id)
);
-- stored procedure to get employee details
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee (
emp_id IN employees.id%TYPE,
OUT emp_name OUT employees.name%TYPE,
OUT emp_salary OUT employees.salary%TYPE
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary
INTO emp_name, emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE id = emp_id;
END;
-- function to calculate average salary
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION avg_salary (
dept_id IN departments.id%TYPE
) RETURN NUMBER(10, 2)
IS
total_salary NUMBER(10, 2);
num_employees NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary), COUNT(*)
INTO total_salary, num_employees
FROM employees
WHERE id IN (SELECT employee_id FROM employee_departments WHERE department_id = dept_id);
IF num_employees > 0 THEN
RETURN total_salary / num_employees;
ELSE
RETURN NULL;
END IF;
END;
-- query to get employees and their average department salary
SELECT e.id, e.name, e.salary, avg_salary(d.id) AS avg_dept_salary
FROM employees e
JOIN employee_departments ed ON e.id = ed.employee_id
JOIN departments d ON ed.department_id = d.id;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_customer (
@p_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_address IN VARCHAR2
)
IS
v_max_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_max_id = MAX(cust_id) FROM customers;
INSERT INTO customers (
cust_id,
cust_name,
cust_address
) VALUES (
v_max_id + 1,
p_name,
p_address
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Duplicate customer name found.', 16, 1);
WHEN others THEN
RAISERROR('-20002 An unknown error occurred.', 16, 1);
END sp_insert_customer;
CREATE FUNCTION fn_calculate_tax (
@p_amount IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
v_tax_rate CONSTANT SET @NUMBER = 0.10;
BEGIN
RETURN p_amount * v_tax_rate;
END fn_calculate_tax;
UPDATE orders SET order_status = 'Shipped'
WHERE order_id IN (
SELECT order_id FROM order_details
WHERE product_id = 1001
);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_customer (
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_address IN VARCHAR2
)
IS
v_max_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(cust_id) INTO v_max_id FROM customers;
INSERT INTO customers (
cust_id,
cust_name,
cust_address
) VALUES (
v_max_id + 1,
p_name,
p_address
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Duplicate customer name found.');
WHEN others THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'An unknown error occurred.');
END sp_insert_customer;
CREATE FUNCTION fn_calculate_tax (
p_amount IN NUMBER
)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
v_tax_rate CONSTANT NUMBER := 0.10;
BEGIN
RETURN p_amount * v_tax_rate;
END fn_calculate_tax;
UPDATE orders SET order_status = 'Shipped'
WHERE order_id IN (
SELECT order_id FROM order_details
WHERE product_id = 1001
);
END;
|
DECLARE
@personnel_id DECIMAL(6,0);
salary dbo.DECIMAL(8,2);
BEGIN
*** and salary
SELECT @personnel_id = @personnel_id, @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Ra... ***
SET @salary = salary * 1.10;
-- Up... ***
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE @personnel_id = @personnel_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** in case of an error
ROLLBACK;
*** essage
RAISERROR('-20001 Error updating employee salary', 16, 1);
END; | DECLARE
personnel_id DECIMAL(6,0);
salary DECIMAL(8,2);
BEGIN
-- Get personnel ID and salary
SELECT personnel_id, salary
INTO personnel_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Raise salary by 10%
salary := salary * 1.10;
-- Update salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE personnel_id = personnel_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback changes in case of an error
ROLLBACK;
-- Raise the error message
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error updating employee salary');
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
@p_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_value IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
*** c here
IF p_value > 100 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Value too high', 16, 1);
END
*** able
UPDATE my_table SET value = p_value WHERE name = p_name;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_value IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
-- Some complex logic here
IF p_value > 100 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Value too high');
END IF;
-- Update database table
UPDATE my_table SET value = p_value WHERE name = p_name;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_count FLOAT;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO t1(name) VALUES('test'+isnull(i, ''));
END;
SELECT @v_count = COUNT(*) FROM t1;
IF @v_count = 10 BEGIN
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error inserting data', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
INSERT INTO t1(name) VALUES('test'||i);
END LOOP;
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM t1;
IF v_count = 10 THEN
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error inserting data');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure (
@p_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_count = COUNT(*) FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id;
IF v_count = 0 BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name) VALUES (p_id, p_name);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET name = p_name WHERE id = p_id;
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END my_procedure;
-- Ca... ***
BEGIN
dbo.my_procedure(1, 'John Doe');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure (
p_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id;
IF v_count = 0 THEN
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name) VALUES (p_id, p_name);
ELSE
UPDATE my_table SET name = p_name WHERE id = p_id;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END my_procedure;
-- Call the procedure
BEGIN
my_procedure(1, 'John Doe');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE c CURSOR FOR
SELECT customer_id, order_id, status
FROM orders
WHERE status = 'PENDING';
OPEN c;
FETCH c INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET status = 'SHIPPED' WHERE current of c;
FETCH c INTO;
END;
CLOSE c;
DEALLOCATE c;
END;
/ | BEGIN
FOR c IN (
SELECT customer_id, order_id, status
FROM orders
WHERE status = 'PENDING'
) LOOP
UPDATE orders SET status = 'SHIPPED' WHERE current of c;
END LOOP;
END;
/ |
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_name VARCHAR(20);
SELECT @emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @emp_id;
RETURN @emp_name;
END;
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 7788;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_name = dbo.get_employee_name(@v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id;
RETURN emp_name;
END;
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 7788;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
v_emp_name := get_employee_name(v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee not found.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @new_salary WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
GO
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
new_salary SET @NUMBER = 25000;
BEGIN
CALL update_employee_salary(@emp_id, new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error updating employee salary', 16, 1);
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
new_salary NUMBER := 25000;
BEGIN
CALL update_employee_salary(emp_id, new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error updating employee salary');
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetProductDetails(@p_product_id IN AS NUMBER, OUT p_name OUT VARCHAR2, OUT p_price OUT NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_name = product_name, @p_price = product_price FROM products WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetProductDetails(p_product_id IN NUMBER, OUT p_name OUT VARCHAR2, OUT p_price OUT NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT product_name, product_price INTO p_name, p_price FROM products WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_sal NUMBER;
*** ployee with ID 10
SELECT @v_sal = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
*** ter than 10000, give 10% raise
IF v_sal > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = 10;
END
EXCEPTION
-- Ha... ***
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_sal NUMBER;
-- Get salary for employee with ID 10
SELECT salary INTO v_sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
-- If salary is greater than 10000, give 10% raise
IF v_sal > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = 10;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(@CUSTOMER_ID IN AS NUMBER) AS
V_ORDER_COUNT NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @V_ORDER_COUNT = COUNT(*)
FROM ORDERS
WHERE CUSTOMER_ID = CUSTOMER_ID;
IF V_ORDER_COUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No orders found for customer with ID ' + ISNULL(CUSTOMER_ID, ''), 16, 1);
END
DECLARE O CURSOR FOR
SELECT ORDER_ID, ORDER_DATE, TOTAL_AMOUNT
FROM ORDERS
WHERE CUSTOMER_ID = CUSTOMER_ID;
OPEN O;
FETCH O INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(
'Order ID: ' + ISNULL(@O_ORDER_ID, '') + '; Order Date: ' + ISNULL(@O_ORDER_DATE, '') + '; Total Amount: ' + ISNULL(@O_TOTAL_AMOUNT, '')
);
FETCH O INTO;
END;
CLOSE O;
DEALLOCATE O;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(CUSTOMER_ID IN NUMBER) AS
V_ORDER_COUNT NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO V_ORDER_COUNT
FROM ORDERS
WHERE CUSTOMER_ID = CUSTOMER_ID;
IF V_ORDER_COUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No orders found for customer with ID ' || CUSTOMER_ID);
END IF;
FOR O IN (
SELECT ORDER_ID, ORDER_DATE, TOTAL_AMOUNT
FROM ORDERS
WHERE CUSTOMER_ID = CUSTOMER_ID
) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(
'Order ID: ' || O.ORDER_ID || '; Order Date: ' || O.ORDER_DATE || '; Total Amount: ' || O.TOTAL_AMOUNT
);
END LOOP;
END;
|
DECLARE
@salary FLOAT := 10000;
BEGIN
IF @salary < 5000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary must be greater than or equal to 5000', 16, 1);
END
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 5 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Iteration ' + isnull(i, ''));
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = @salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 10;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
salary NUMBER := 10000;
BEGIN
IF salary < 5000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary must be greater than or equal to 5000');
END IF;
FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Iteration ' || i);
END LOOP;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 10;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
*** nd salary
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Doe';
-- Ca... ***
set @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.1;
*** bonus
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
-- Ha... ***
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Lo... ***
INSERT INTO error_log (error_code, error_message) VALUES (@@ERROR, SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
-- Get employee ID and salary
SELECT emp_id, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_salary FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Doe';
-- Calculate bonus
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
-- Update employee's bonus
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Handle errors
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Log error
INSERT INTO error_log (error_code, error_message) VALUES (SQLCODE, SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_dept_name VARCHAR(20);
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_dept_name = department_name FROM departments WHERE department_id = 10;
SELECT @v_emp_name = employee_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Name: ' + isnull(@v_dept_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_dept_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT department_name INTO v_dept_name FROM departments WHERE department_id = 10;
SELECT employee_name INTO v_emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Name: ' || v_dept_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_ename);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_ename FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_ename);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id INT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
*** formation
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_emp_name = employee_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
*** exists
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** ame
UPDATE employees
SET employee_name = 'John Doe'
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(6);
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
-- Fetch employee information
SELECT employee_id, employee_name
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update employee name
UPDATE employees
SET employee_name = 'John Doe'
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@account_balance FLOAT := 1000;
transfer_amount SET @NUMBER = 200;
BEGIN
IF @account_balance >= transfer_amount BEGIN
SET @account_balance = @account_balance - transfer_amount;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Transfer completed successfully.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Insufficient funds', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
account_balance NUMBER := 1000;
transfer_amount NUMBER := 200;
BEGIN
IF account_balance >= transfer_amount THEN
account_balance := account_balance - transfer_amount;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Transfer completed successfully.');
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Insufficient funds');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
@first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
hire_date IN DATE,
job_id IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER,
manager_id IN NUMBER,
department_id IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
manager_id,
department_id
)
VALUES(
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
manager_id,
department_id
);
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_count', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_count;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_count() RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @cnt FLOAT;
SELECT @cnt = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
RETURN @cnt;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_count FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_count = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
IF @emp_count = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employees found', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
NULL; -- Lo... ***
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
hire_date IN DATE,
job_id IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER,
manager_id IN NUMBER,
department_id IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
manager_id,
department_id
)
VALUES(
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
manager_id,
department_id
);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_count() RETURN NUMBER IS
cnt NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO cnt FROM employees;
RETURN cnt;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO emp_count FROM employees;
IF emp_count = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employees found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
NULL; -- Log error
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE r CURSOR FOR
SELECT *
FROM employees;
OPEN r;
FETCH r INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@r_employee_id, '') + ', ' + isnull(@r_first_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(@r_salary, ''));
FETCH r INTO;
END;
CLOSE r;
DEALLOCATE r;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR r IN (
SELECT *
FROM employees
) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.employee_id || ', ' || r.first_name || ', ' || r.salary);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_salary(@empno IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = empno;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_salary(empno IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = empno;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id INT;
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low to increase.', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(6);
v_salary NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low to increase.');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary, @v_emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM hr.employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + ISNULL(FORMAT(v_salary, 'N2'), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 100.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary, first_name || ' ' || last_name
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary, v_emp_name
FROM hr.employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || TO_CHAR(v_salary, '999,999.99'));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 100.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= @v_num BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Iteration ' + isnull(i, ''));
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inside nested block');
RAISERROR('-20001 An error occurred', 16, 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..v_num LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Iteration ' || i);
END LOOP;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inside nested block');
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'An error occurred');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
-- Be... ***
BEGIN
*** ee's salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
*** ction
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Ha... ***
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** saction
ROLLBACK;
-- Ra... ***
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
employee_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
-- Begin a transaction
BEGIN
-- Update the employee's salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
-- Commit the transaction
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback the transaction
ROLLBACK;
-- Raise an error
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE EmpAdd(@n VARCHAR(4000), @s VARCHAR(4000), @d DATE) AS
empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @empno = MAX(Empno) + 1 FROM Emp;
INSERT INTO Emp VALUES (empno, n, s, d);
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Added Successfully!');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred! Please contact the administrator.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
PROCEDURE EmpAdd(n VARCHAR2, s VARCHAR2, d DATE) IS
empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(Empno) + 1 INTO empno FROM Emp;
INSERT INTO Emp VALUES (empno, n, s, d);
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Added Successfully!');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred! Please contact the administrator.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sample_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sample_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sample_proc (
@p_id IN AS INTEGER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_age IN INTEGER
) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE users SET name = p_name, age = p_age WHERE id = p_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 User not found.', 16, 1);
END
END sample_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sample_proc (
p_id IN INTEGER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_age IN INTEGER
) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE users SET name = p_name, age = p_age WHERE id = p_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'User not found.');
END sample_proc;
|
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(20) := 'John Doe';
v_age SET @NUMBER = 30;
BEGIN
*** a table
INSERT INTO employees (name, age)
VALUES (@v_name, v_age);
commit;
*** table
UPDATE employees SET age = v_age + 1
WHERE name = @v_name;
commit;
*** a table
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE name = @v_name;
commit;
*** local variable
DECLARE
@v_count FLOAT := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_count = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees: ' + isnull(@v_count, ''));
END;
-- Ha... ***
BEGIN
SET @v_age = -1;
UPDATE employees SET age = v_age
WHERE name = @v_name;
commit;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee age');
END;
*** constructs
IF v_age > 30 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee is older than 30');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee is not older than 30');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
v_age NUMBER := 30;
BEGIN
-- Insert data into a table
INSERT INTO employees (name, age)
VALUES (v_name, v_age);
commit;
-- Update data in a table
UPDATE employees SET age = v_age + 1
WHERE name = v_name;
commit;
-- Delete data from a table
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE name = v_name;
commit;
-- Declare and use a local variable
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees: ' || v_count);
END;
-- Handle an error
BEGIN
v_age := -1;
UPDATE employees SET age = v_age
WHERE name = v_name;
commit;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee age');
END;
-- Use control flow constructs
IF v_age > 30 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee is older than 30');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee is not older than 30');
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE check_balance (
@p_account_id IN AS NUMBER
) IS
p_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @p_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = p_account_id;
IF p_balance < 0 BEGIN
dbo.EXCEPTION_ERROR('Insufficient funds');
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE check_balance (
p_account_id IN NUMBER
) IS
p_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO p_balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = p_account_id;
IF p_balance < 0 THEN
EXCEPTION_ERROR('Insufficient funds');
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_result INTEGER;
BEGIN
*** a table
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (1, 'a');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** rollback transaction
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error inserting into table_name');
ROLLBACK;
END;
*** cedure
CALL procedure_name(@param1, @param2);
*** tement
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'UPDATE table_name SET column1 = 2 WHERE column2 = 'a'';
-- CO... ***
IF @v_result > 0 BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_result INTEGER;
BEGIN
-- INSERT a row into a table
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (1, 'a');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle error and rollback transaction
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error inserting into table_name');
ROLLBACK;
END;
-- CALL a stored procedure
CALL procedure_name(@param1, @param2);
-- EXECUTE a SQL statement
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'UPDATE table_name SET column1 = 2 WHERE column2 = 'a'';
-- CONTROL FLOW
IF v_result > 0 THEN
-- Do something
ELSE
-- Do something else
END IF;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_error_msg dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_id = 100;
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
IF v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_error_msg = 'Employee not found';
RAISERROR(-20000, v_error_msg, 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_error_msg VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
v_emp_id := 100;
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
v_error_msg := 'Employee not found';
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, v_error_msg);
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE CalculateBonus
(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
bonus_amt OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
*** ased on employee's salary and performance
SELECT @bonus_amt = 0.1 * salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @bonus_amt = 0;
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@bonus FLOAT;
BEGIN
*** rocedure to calculate bonus
dbo.CalculateBonus(200, @bonus);
*** lated bonus
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus amount: ' + isnull(@bonus, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** cted errors
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error calculating bonus: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE CalculateBonus
(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
bonus_amt OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
-- Calculate bonus based on employee's salary and performance
SELECT 0.1 * salary INTO bonus_amt
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
bonus_amt := 0;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Call the stored procedure to calculate bonus
CalculateBonus(200, bonus);
-- Display the calculated bonus
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus amount: ' || bonus);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any unexpected errors
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error calculating bonus: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
emp_salary_out NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_salary_out = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_salary_out;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
emp_salary_out NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO emp_salary_out FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_salary_out;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_emp_id FLOAT;
DECLARE @v_emp_name VARCHAR(25);
DECLARE @v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF @v_salary > 5000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
END
END;
/ | BEGIN
DECLARE v_emp_id NUMBER;
DECLARE v_emp_name VARCHAR2(25);
DECLARE v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 5000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
END IF;
END;
/ |
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee(@EName IN AS VARCHAR2, Sal IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary) VALUES (EName, Sal);
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@EName IN VARCHAR2DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
Sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @Sal = salary FROM employees WHERE name = EName;
RETURN Sal;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@EName VARCHAR(20) := 'John Doe';
Sal SET @NUMBER = 50000;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inserting new employee...');
dbo.insert_employee(@EName, Sal);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Retrieving salary for employee...');
SET @Sal = dbo.get_employee_salary(@EName);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + Isnull(Sal, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
PROCEDURE insert_employee(EName IN VARCHAR2, Sal IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary) VALUES (EName, Sal);
COMMIT;
END;
FUNCTION get_employee_salary(EName IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER
IS
Sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO Sal FROM employees WHERE name = EName;
RETURN Sal;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
DECLARE
EName VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
Sal NUMBER := 50000;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inserting new employee...');
insert_employee(EName, Sal);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Retrieving salary for employee...');
Sal := get_employee_salary(EName);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || Sal);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_purchases', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_purchases;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_purchases(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
purchases_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @purchases_count = COUNT(*) FROM purchases WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN purchases_count;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20000 Error getting customer purchases', 16, 1);
END; | CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_purchases(customer_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER IS
purchases_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO purchases_count FROM purchases WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN purchases_count;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Error getting customer purchases');
END; |
sql
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
BEGIN
*** alary
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
*** s record
INSERT INTO sales (employee_id, product_id, quantity_sold)
VALUES (@emp_id, 101, 5);
*** employees and sales tables
SELECT * FROM employees e JOIN sales s ON e.employee_id = s.employee_id
WHERE e.employee_id = @emp_id;
*** if any
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 An error occurred', 16, 1);
END;
| sql
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
BEGIN
-- Update employee salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Insert a new sales record
INSERT INTO sales (employee_id, product_id, quantity_sold)
VALUES (emp_id, 101, 5);
-- Select data from employees and sales tables
SELECT * FROM employees e JOIN sales s ON e.employee_id = s.employee_id
WHERE e.employee_id = emp_id;
-- Handle exception if any
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'An error occurred');
END;
|
sql
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
@customer_id IN AS NUMBER
)
AS
order_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
*** the orders of the specified customer
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
*** orders and display the order details
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH order_cursor INTO @order_id, @order_date, @total_amount;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK; *** ere are no more orders
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + isnull(order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' + isnull(total_amount, ''));
END;
-- Cl... ***
CLOSE order_cursor;
END;
/
| sql
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
customer_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
order_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
-- Open a cursor for the orders of the specified customer
OPEN order_cursor FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
-- Loop through the orders and display the order details
LOOP
FETCH order_cursor INTO order_id, order_date, total_amount;
EXIT WHEN order_cursor%NOTFOUND; -- Exit loop when there are no more orders
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' || total_amount);
END LOOP;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE order_cursor;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @cnt FLOAT := 1;
BEGIN
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
EXIT WHEN cnt > 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Current count: ' + isnull(@cnt, ''));
SET @cnt = @cnt + 1;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE cnt NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
LOOP
EXIT WHEN cnt > 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Current count: ' || cnt);
cnt := cnt + 1;
END LOOP;
END;
|
/* PACKAGE BODY emp_pkg */
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_pkg_give_raise', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_pkg_give_raise;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_pkg_give_raise(@emp_id IN AS NUMBERDECLARE , percent_raise DECLARE @IN FLOATDECLARE ) IS
DECLARE @salary DECIMAL(10, 2);
BEGIN
*** alary.
SELECT @salary = @salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = emp_id;
*** salary.
SET @salary = @salary * (1 + percent_raise / 100);
*** se.
UPDATE emp
SET salary = @salary
WHERE empno = emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
give_raise;
END emp_pkg;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY emp_pkg IS
PROCEDURE give_raise(emp_id IN NUMBER, percent_raise IN NUMBER) IS
salary NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
-- Get the current salary.
SELECT salary
INTO salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = emp_id;
-- Calculate the new salary.
salary := salary * (1 + percent_raise / 100);
-- Update the database.
UPDATE emp
SET salary = salary
WHERE empno = emp_id;
-- Commit the changes.
COMMIT;
END give_raise;
END emp_pkg;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@emp_id_in IN AS NUMBER,
salary_in IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary_in
WHERE employee_id = emp_id_in;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employee found with ID: ' + isnull(emp_id_in, ''), 16, 1);
END
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20002 Duplicate salary for employee: ' + isnull(emp_id_in, ''), 16, 1);
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
emp_id_in IN NUMBER,
salary_in IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary_in
WHERE employee_id = emp_id_in;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employee found with ID: ' || emp_id_in);
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Duplicate salary for employee: ' || emp_id_in);
END;
/
|
sql
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer(
@cust_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_name IN VARCHAR2,
new_address IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET name = new_name,
address = new_address
WHERE cust_id = cust_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR(
'-20000 Customer with ID ' + isnull(cust_id, '') + ' not found'
, 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
*** er with ID 1
dbo.update_customer(1, 'John Smith', '123 Main Street');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
| sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer(
cust_id IN NUMBER,
new_name IN VARCHAR2,
new_address IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET name = new_name,
address = new_address
WHERE cust_id = cust_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(
-20000,
'Customer with ID ' || cust_id || ' not found'
);
END;
BEGIN
-- Update the customer with ID 1
update_customer(1, 'John Smith', '123 Main Street');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_salary SET @NUMBER = 1200;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_bonus = bonus
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
IF v_salary > 1000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_bonus * 1.1;
END
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_salary NUMBER := 1200;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT bonus
INTO v_bonus
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
IF v_salary > 1000 THEN
v_bonus := v_bonus * 1.1;
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sales_by_product', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION sales_by_product;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION sales_by_product(@product_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(sales)
FROM sales
WHERE product_id = product_id;
RETURN total_sales;
END;
DECLARE
@product_id FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total sales for product ' + isnull(@product_id, '') + ': ' + isnull(dbo.sales_by_product(@product_id), ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sales_by_product(product_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(sales) INTO total_sales
FROM sales
WHERE product_id = product_id;
RETURN total_sales;
END;
DECLARE
product_id NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total sales for product ' || product_id || ': ' || sales_by_product(product_id));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('employee_bonus', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE employee_bonus;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE employee_bonus(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, bonus_amount IN NUMBER, bonus_date IN DATE) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + bonus_amount WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
INSERT INTO employee_bonuses (employee_id, bonus_amount, bonus_date) VALUES (emp_id, bonus_amount, bonus_date);
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE employee_bonus(emp_id IN NUMBER, bonus_amount IN NUMBER, bonus_date IN DATE) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + bonus_amount WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
INSERT INTO employee_bonuses (employee_id, bonus_amount, bonus_date) VALUES (emp_id, bonus_amount, bonus_date);
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE count_employees(
@IN department_id AS NUMBER,
OUT employee_count OUT NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @employee_count = COUNT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = department_id;
END;
DECLARE
@dept_id FLOAT := 10;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.count_employees(@dept_id, emp_count);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee count for department ' + isnull(@dept_id, '') + ': ' + isnull(emp_count, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while counting employees');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE count_employees(
IN department_id NUMBER,
OUT employee_count OUT NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO employee_count
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = department_id;
END;
DECLARE
dept_id NUMBER := 10;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
count_employees(dept_id, emp_count);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee count for department ' || dept_id || ': ' || emp_count);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while counting employees');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure(@a IN AS NUMBER, b OUT NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
set @b = a + 1;
IF b > 10 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20102 Value is too large', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure(a IN NUMBER, b OUT NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
b := a + 1;
IF b > 10 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20102, 'Value is too large');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (i, @v_num);
SET @v_num = @v_num + 1;
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (i, v_num);
v_num := v_num + 1;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno SMALLINT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(8);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename, @v_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7839;
IF v_salary > 20000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7839;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary not eligible for raise', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER(4);
v_ename VARCHAR2(10);
v_salary NUMBER(8);
BEGIN
SELECT ename, salary INTO v_ename, v_salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7839;
IF v_salary > 20000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7839;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary not eligible for raise');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_count FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_count = COUNT(*) FROM my_table;
IF @v_count > 0 BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= @v_count BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET my_column = 'Updated' WHERE;
END;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20100 No rows to update', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM my_table;
IF v_count > 0 THEN
FOR i IN 1 .. v_count LOOP
UPDATE my_table SET my_column = 'Updated' WHERE rownum = i;
END LOOP;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20100, 'No rows to update');
END IF;
END;
/
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
orders CURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders;
END;
DECLARE
@orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @orders = dbo.get_customer_orders(10);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH orders INTO @order_id, @order_date, @total_amount;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + isnull(order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' + isnull(total_amount, ''));
END;
CLOSE orders;
END; | CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
orders CURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN orders FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders;
END;
DECLARE
orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
orders := get_customer_orders(10);
LOOP
FETCH orders INTO order_id, order_date, total_amount;
EXIT WHEN orders%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' || total_amount);
END LOOP;
CLOSE orders;
END; |
DECLARE
@CURSOR cur IS
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10;
emp_record employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN cur;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH cur INTO @emp_record;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
*** emp_record
END;
CLOSE cur;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
END
-- Ha... ***
END;
|
DECLARE
CURSOR cur IS
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10;
emp_record employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN cur;
LOOP
FETCH cur INTO emp_record;
EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND;
-- Do something with emp_record
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle the error
END;
|
DECLARE
@x FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @x = COUNT(*) FROM emp;
IF @x > 0 BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
END;
|
DECLARE
x NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO x FROM emp;
IF x > 0 THEN
-- Do something
ELSE
-- Do something else
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE validate_input (
@IN emp_name AS @IN VARCHAR2,
IN emp_id IN NUMBER,
IN emp_salary IN NUMBER,
OUT status OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
IF emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
set @status = 'Invalid employee name';
RETURN;
END
IF emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
set @status = 'Invalid employee ID';
RETURN;
END
IF emp_salary < 1000 OR emp_salary > 10000 BEGIN
set @status = 'Invalid employee salary';
RETURN;
END
set @status = 'Valid input';
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE validate_input (
IN emp_name IN VARCHAR2,
IN emp_id IN NUMBER,
IN emp_salary IN NUMBER,
OUT status OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
IF emp_name IS NULL THEN
status := 'Invalid employee name';
RETURN;
END IF;
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
status := 'Invalid employee ID';
RETURN;
END IF;
IF emp_salary < 1000 OR emp_salary > 10000 THEN
status := 'Invalid employee salary';
RETURN;
END IF;
status := 'Valid input';
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(
@param1 IN AS VARCHAR2,
param2 IN NUMBER,
OUT param3 OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT param4 OUT NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
-- Lo... ***
set @param3 = 'Value 3';
set @param4 = 4;
END;
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(20);
v_age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_age = age FROM my_table WHERE id = 1;
IF v_age > 18 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Adult');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Minor');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(
param1 IN VARCHAR2,
param2 IN NUMBER,
OUT param3 OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT param4 OUT NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
-- Logic here...
param3 := 'Value 3';
param4 := 4;
END;
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT name, age INTO v_name, v_age FROM my_table WHERE id = 1;
IF v_age > 18 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Adult');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Minor');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(
@p_in IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_out OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_out = UPPER(p_in);
IF p_out IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 p_in is NULL', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(
p_in IN VARCHAR2,
p_out OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT UPPER(p_in) INTO p_out FROM DUAL;
IF p_out IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'p_in is NULL');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@l_emp_id FLOAT;
l_salary NUMBER;
l_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_emp_id = employee_id, @l_salary = salary, @l_comm = commission_pct
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF l_comm IS NOT NULL BEGIN
SET @l_salary = l_salary * (1 + l_comm/100);
END
UPDATE employees
SET salary = l_salary
WHERE employee_id = @l_emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
l_emp_id NUMBER;
l_salary NUMBER;
l_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary, commission_pct
INTO l_emp_id, l_salary, l_comm
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF l_comm IS NOT NULL THEN
l_salary := l_salary * (1 + l_comm/100);
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = l_salary
WHERE employee_id = l_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_info (@customer_id IN AS NUMBER, OUT OUT_first_name, OUT OUT_last_name) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @OUT_first_name = first_name, @OUT_last_name = last_name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
BEGIN
dbo.get_customer_info(100, :first_name, :last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' + isnull(:first_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' + isnull(:last_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No customer found with ID: ' + isnull(customer_id, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_info (customer_id IN NUMBER, OUT OUT_first_name, OUT OUT_last_name) IS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, last_name INTO OUT_first_name, OUT_last_name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
BEGIN
get_customer_info(100, :first_name, :last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' || :first_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' || :last_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No customer found with ID: ' || customer_id);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('My_Procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE My_Procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE My_Procedure (
@IN_Parameter IN AS NUMBER,
OUT_Parameter OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
*** ulations
IF IN_Parameter MOD 2 = 0 BEGIN
SET @OUT_Parameter = 'Even';
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @OUT_Parameter = 'Odd';
END
END My_Procedure;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE My_Procedure (
IN_Parameter IN NUMBER,
OUT_Parameter OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
-- Perform some calculations
IF IN_Parameter MOD 2 = 0 THEN
OUT_Parameter := 'Even';
ELSE
OUT_Parameter := 'Odd';
END IF;
END My_Procedure;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE */;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_salary = salary
FROM employee
WHERE empno = 7369;
UPDATE employee
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found!', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_empno EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, salary
INTO v_empno, v_salary
FROM employee
WHERE empno = 7369;
UPDATE employee
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found!');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
/
|
*** with parameters and OUT variables
IF OBJECT_ID('add_employees', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE add_employees;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employees(
@dept_id IN AS NUMBER,
emp_name IN VARCHAR2,
emp_salary IN NUMBER,
emp_id OUT NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(dept_id, emp_name, emp_salary)
VALUES(dept_id, emp_name, emp_salary);
SET @emp_id = SCOPE_IDENTITY();
END;
*** urns a value
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_count', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_count;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_count(@dept_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
cnt NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @cnt = COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE dept_id = dept_id;
RETURN cnt;
END;
*** retrieve data
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_salary > 50000;
*** truct using IF-THEN-ELSE
DECLARE
@emp_salary FLOAT := 55000;
BEGIN
IF @emp_salary > 50000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET emp_salary = @emp_salary * 1.10 WHERE @emp_salary = 55000;
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET emp_salary = @emp_salary * 1.05 WHERE @emp_salary = 55000;
END
END;
*** ing EXCEPTION block
IF OBJECT_ID('delete_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE delete_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE delete_employee(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
-- Stored procedure with parameters and OUT variables
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_employees(
dept_id IN NUMBER,
emp_name IN VARCHAR2,
emp_salary IN NUMBER,
emp_id OUT NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(dept_id, emp_name, emp_salary)
VALUES(dept_id, emp_name, emp_salary)
RETURNING emp_id INTO emp_id;
END;
-- Function that returns a value
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_count(dept_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
cnt NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO cnt FROM employees WHERE dept_id = dept_id;
RETURN cnt;
END;
-- SQL statement to retrieve data
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_salary > 50000;
-- Control flow construct using IF-THEN-ELSE
DECLARE
emp_salary NUMBER := 55000;
BEGIN
IF emp_salary > 50000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET emp_salary = emp_salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_salary = 55000;
ELSE
UPDATE employees SET emp_salary = emp_salary * 1.05 WHERE emp_salary = 55000;
END IF;
END;
-- Error handling using EXCEPTION block
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE delete_employee(emp_id IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 100 BEGIN
INSERT INTO test_table (id, field1, field2) VALUES (i, i % 5, i % 10);
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 100 LOOP
INSERT INTO test_table (id, field1, field2) VALUES (i, i % 5, i % 10);
END LOOP;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Emp_Bonus (
@IN EmpNo AS NUMBER,
IN Bonus_Perc NUMBER,
OUT Bonus NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @Bonus = ROUND(Salary * Bonus_Perc / 100, 2)
FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = EmpNo;
END;
DECLARE
@EmpNo FLOAT := 7566;
Bonus_Perc SET @NUMBER = 10;
Bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.Emp_Bonus(@EmpNo, Bonus_Perc, Bonus);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Emp_Bonus (
IN EmpNo NUMBER,
IN Bonus_Perc NUMBER,
OUT Bonus NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT ROUND(Salary * Bonus_Perc / 100, 2) INTO Bonus
FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = EmpNo;
END;
DECLARE
EmpNo NUMBER := 7566;
Bonus_Perc NUMBER := 10;
Bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
Emp_Bonus(EmpNo, Bonus_Perc, Bonus);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN employee%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
emp employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp = * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20002 Error updating employee salary', 16, 1);
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
emp employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SET @emp = dbo.get_employee_details(@emp_id);
IF emp.salary < 5000 BEGIN
dbo.update_employee_salary(@emp_id, emp.salary * 1.1);
END
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN employee%ROWTYPE IS
emp employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO emp FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Error updating employee salary');
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
emp employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
emp := get_employee_details(emp_id);
IF emp.salary < 5000 THEN
update_employee_salary(emp_id, emp.salary * 1.1);
END IF;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateCustomerBalance(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER, balance IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customer SET balance = balance + :balance WHERE customer_id = :customer_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20000 Error updating customer balance', 16, 1);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerBalance(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @balance = balance FROM customer WHERE customer_id = :customer_id;
RETURN balance;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @balance FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @balance = dbo.GetCustomerBalance(1000);
IF @balance IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer not found', 16, 1);
END
dbo.UpdateCustomerBalance(1000, 1000);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20002 Error processing transaction', 16, 1);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateCustomerBalance(customer_id IN NUMBER, balance IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customer SET balance = balance + :balance WHERE customer_id = :customer_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Error updating customer balance');
END;
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerBalance(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER
IS
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO balance FROM customer WHERE customer_id = :customer_id;
RETURN balance;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
balance := GetCustomerBalance(1000);
IF balance IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer not found');
END IF;
UpdateCustomerBalance(1000, 1000);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Error processing transaction');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
v_empname dbo.VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
BEGIN
-- In... ***
INSERT INTO employees (empno, empname)
VALUES (@v_empno, v_empname);
*** ame
UPDATE employees SET empname = 'Jane Doe'
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
-- De... ***
DELETE FROM employees WHERE empno = @v_empno;
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Duplicate employee number', 16, 1);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
v_empname VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
BEGIN
-- Insert new employee
INSERT INTO employees (empno, empname)
VALUES (v_empno, v_empname);
-- Update employee name
UPDATE employees SET empname = 'Jane Doe'
WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Delete employee
DELETE FROM employees WHERE empno = v_empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Duplicate employee number');
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Employee not found');
END;
END; |
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
IF (i % 2) = 0 BEGIN
INSERT INTO even_numbers (number) VALUES (i);
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Record(s) inserted in even_numbers table.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred during execution.');
END; | BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
IF MOD(i, 2) = 0 THEN
INSERT INTO even_numbers (number) VALUES (i);
END IF;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Record(s) inserted in even_numbers table.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred during execution.');
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employee found with ID ' + isnull(@emp_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employee found with ID ' || emp_id);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || salary);
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure (
@id IN AS NUMBER
)
IS
name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT @name = name FROM table1 WHERE id = id;
IF name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Record not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE table1 SET name = 'New name' WHERE id = id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure (
id IN NUMBER
)
IS
name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO name FROM table1 WHERE id = id;
IF name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Record not found');
END IF;
UPDATE table1 SET name = 'New name' WHERE id = id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info (
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT p_emp_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_emp_salary OUT NUMBER,
OUT p_emp_job_title OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_emp_dept OUT VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT
@p_emp_name = e.employee_name,
@p_emp_salary = e.salary,
@p_emp_job_title = j.job_title,
@p_emp_dept = d.department_name
FROM
employees e
JOIN
jobs j
ON e.job_id = j.job_id
JOIN
departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE
e.employee_id = p_emp_id;
END get_employee_info;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info (
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
OUT p_emp_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_emp_salary OUT NUMBER,
OUT p_emp_job_title OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_emp_dept OUT VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT
e.employee_name,
e.salary,
j.job_title,
d.department_name
INTO
p_emp_name,
p_emp_salary,
p_emp_job_title,
p_emp_dept
FROM
employees e
JOIN
jobs j
ON e.job_id = j.job_id
JOIN
departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE
e.employee_id = p_emp_id;
END get_employee_info;
|
DECLARE
@v_customer_id FLOAT;
v_customer_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_customer_id = customer_id, @v_customer_name = customer_name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer ID: ' + isnull(@v_customer_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer Name: ' + isnull(v_customer_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No customer found with ID: ' + isnull(@v_customer_id, ''));
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_customer_id NUMBER;
v_customer_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT customer_id, customer_name INTO v_customer_id, v_customer_name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer ID: ' || v_customer_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer Name: ' || v_customer_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No customer found with ID: ' || v_customer_id);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
employee_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @employee_name = isnull(last_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(first_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN employee_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20101 Duplicate value on unique index', 16, 1);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
employee_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT last_name || ', ' || first_name INTO employee_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN employee_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER, salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Duplicate value on unique index');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE MyProc
(
@IN p_var_in AS @IN VARCHAR2,
OUT p_var_out OUT VARCHAR2,
INOUT p_var_inout INOUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
*** iables
l_var_1 dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
l_var_2 NUMBER;
l_var_3 SET @BOOLEAN = FALSE;
*** dure
set @l_var_1 = isnull(p_var_in, '') + ' - Modified';
set @l_var_2 = 100;
set @l_var_3 = TRUE;
set @p_var_out = l_var_1;
set @p_var_inout = isnull(l_var_1, '') + ' - Modified InOut';
IF l_var_3 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred in MyProc', 16, 1);
END
END MyProc;
BEGIN
-- Ca... ***
dbo.MyProc('Input Value', :out_var, :inout_var);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE MyProc
(
IN p_var_in IN VARCHAR2,
OUT p_var_out OUT VARCHAR2,
INOUT p_var_inout INOUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
-- Declare local variables
l_var_1 VARCHAR2(100);
l_var_2 NUMBER;
l_var_3 BOOLEAN := FALSE;
-- Body of the procedure
l_var_1 := p_var_in || ' - Modified';
l_var_2 := 100;
l_var_3 := TRUE;
p_var_out := l_var_1;
p_var_inout := l_var_1 || ' - Modified InOut';
IF l_var_3 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error occurred in MyProc');
END IF;
END MyProc;
BEGIN
-- Call the procedure
MyProc('Input Value', :out_var, :inout_var);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id DECIMAL(19,4) /* Use -meta option EMP.emp_id%TYPE */ := 100;
v_salary EMP.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
*** of the employee with the specified ID.
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM EMP WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
*** xists, update their salary.
IF FOUND BEGIN
UPDATE EMP SET salary = v_salary + 100 WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
*** s to the database.
COMMIT;
*** message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
EXCEPTION
*** that occur during the execution of the block.
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
*** ges that were made to the database.
ROLLBACK;
END; | DECLARE
v_emp_id EMP.emp_id%TYPE := 100;
v_salary EMP.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
-- Select the salary of the employee with the specified ID.
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM EMP WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- If the employee exists, update their salary.
IF FOUND THEN
UPDATE EMP SET salary = v_salary + 100 WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit the changes to the database.
COMMIT;
-- Display a success message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully.');
ELSE
-- Display an error message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that occur during the execution of the block.
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Display the error message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
-- Rollback any changes that were made to the database.
ROLLBACK;
END; |
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
IF (i %2) = 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END
ELSE IF i = 5 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred!', 16, 1);
END
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END; | BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
IF MOD(i,2) = 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
ELSIF i = 5 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001,'Error occurred!');
END IF;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END; |
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMP.empno%TYPE */;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = 20;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found in department 20.');
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_empno EMP.empno%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT empno
INTO v_empno
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = 20;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' || v_empno);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found in department 20.');
END;
END; |
CREATE TABLE emp (emp_id FLOAT, emp_name VARCHAR(20), salary FLOAT);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 10000);
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE emp_id = 1;
DECLARE
@emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE emp_id = 1;
IF @emp_salary >= 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_id = 1;
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END *** und error
END;
|
CREATE TABLE emp (emp_id NUMBER, emp_name VARCHAR2(20), salary NUMBER);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 10000);
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE emp_id = 1;
DECLARE
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO emp_salary FROM emp WHERE emp_id = 1;
IF emp_salary >= 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_id = 1;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL; -- Handle no data found error
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_sal FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_sal = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF @v_sal > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_sal * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 10;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF v_sal > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_sal * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 10;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_employee_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_error_code NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_employee_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 5000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = @v_employee_id;
END
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @v_error_code = -1;
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_employee_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_error_code NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_employee_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 5000 THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = v_employee_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_error_code := -1;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (
@p_num IN AS NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
*** iables
l_var1 NUMBER;
l_var2 dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
*** local variables
set @l_var1 = p_num * 2;
set @l_var2 = 'Hello, world!';
*** ations
UPDATE my_table SET col1 = l_var1, col2 = l_var2 WHERE id = p_num;
-- Ha... ***
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No rows updated', 16, 1);
END
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END my_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (
p_num IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
-- Declare local variables
l_var1 NUMBER;
l_var2 VARCHAR2(20);
-- Assign values to local variables
l_var1 := p_num * 2;
l_var2 := 'Hello, world!';
-- Perform some operations
UPDATE my_table SET col1 = l_var1, col2 = l_var2 WHERE id = p_num;
-- Handle errors
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No rows updated');
END IF;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
END my_proc;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE greet (@name IN AS VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Hello, ' + isnull(name, '') + '!');
END;
CREATE FUNCTION double (@number IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN @number
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN number * 2;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(double(i));
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE greet (name IN VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Hello, ' || name || '!');
END;
CREATE FUNCTION double (number IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
RETURN number * 2;
END;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(double(i));
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (
@p_in IN AS NUMBER,
p_out OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
set @p_out = p_in + 1;
END;
/
DECLARE
@v_in FLOAT := 10;
v_out NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.my_proc(@v_in, v_out);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Output: ' + isnull(v_out, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred');
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (
p_in IN NUMBER,
p_out OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
p_out := p_in + 1;
END;
/
DECLARE
v_in NUMBER := 10;
v_out NUMBER;
BEGIN
my_proc(v_in, v_out);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Output: ' || v_out);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred');
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('calculate_average', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE calculate_average;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_average(
@deptno IN AS NUMBER,
AVG_SAL OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @AVG_SAL = AVG(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = deptno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error calculating average salary', 16, 1);
END;
DECLARE
@avg_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
dbo.calculate_average(10, @avg_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary for department 10: ' + isnull(@avg_salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculate_average(
deptno IN NUMBER,
AVG_SAL OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT AVG(SAL) INTO AVG_SAL FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = deptno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error calculating average salary');
END;
DECLARE
avg_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
calculate_average(10, avg_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary for department 10: ' || avg_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
BEGIN
*** and cursors
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
cur_employees SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
*** select employee data
SELECT emp_id, salary
FROM employees;
*** cursor and print the data
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH cur_employees INTO @v_emp_id, @v_salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END;
-- Cl... ***
CLOSE cur_employees;
EXCEPTION
*** that occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables and cursors
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
cur_employees SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
-- Open a cursor to select employee data
OPEN cur_employees FOR
SELECT emp_id, salary
FROM employees;
-- Loop through the cursor and print the data
LOOP
FETCH cur_employees INTO v_emp_id, v_salary;
EXIT WHEN cur_employees%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id || ', Salary: ' || v_salary);
END LOOP;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE cur_employees;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Data not found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Data not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_empno EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE;
v_ename EMPLOYEE.ename%TYPE;
v_sal EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;
*** mber
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename, @v_sal = salary
FROM employee
WHERE empno = 100;
*** details
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' + isnull(v_empno, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_sal, ''));
*** alary
UPDATE employee
SET salary = v_sal * 1.10
WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
-- Ex... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_empno EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE;
v_ename EMPLOYEE.ename%TYPE;
v_sal EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;
-- Input employee number
SELECT empno, ename, salary
INTO v_empno, v_ename, v_sal
FROM employee
WHERE empno = 100;
-- Display employee details
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' || v_empno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_ename);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_sal);
-- Update employee salary
UPDATE employee
SET salary = v_sal * 1.10
WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Exception handling
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END; |
SET @SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_emp_id SET @NUMBER = 10;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
CREATE PROCEDURE get_emp(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, OUT emp_name OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
dbo.get_emp(v_emp_id, v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 10;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
PROCEDURE get_emp(emp_id IN NUMBER, OUT emp_name OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name INTO emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
get_emp(v_emp_id, v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (emp_id FLOAT, emp_name VARCHAR(50), emp_dept FLOAT);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 20);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (3, 'Mark Jones', 10);
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name (@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT emp_name FROM employees WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id);
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @emp_id = 2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(dbo.get_employee_name(@emp_id), ''));
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (emp_id NUMBER, emp_name VARCHAR2(50), emp_dept NUMBER);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 20);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (3, 'Mark Jones', 10);
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name (emp_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id);
END;
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_id := 2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || get_employee_name(emp_id));
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN emp_details;
END get_employee_details;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(employee_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR
IS
emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_details FOR
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN emp_details;
END get_employee_details;
|
DECLARE
@x FLOAT;
y dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @y = name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
SET @x = @x + 1; *** nitialized
IF @x > 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('x is greater than 0');
END
ELSE IF @x < 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('x is less than 0');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('x is equal to 0');
END
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No data found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
x NUMBER;
y VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO y FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
x := x + 1; -- Error: x is not initialized
IF x > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('x is greater than 0');
ELSIF x < 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('x is less than 0');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('x is equal to 0');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No data found');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_test_procedure
(@param1 IN AS VARCHAR2, param2 OUT NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @param2 = COUNT(*) FROM test_table WHERE name = param1;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION fn_test_function
(@param1 IN VARCHAR2DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_table WHERE name = param1);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@l_var1 VARCHAR(100);
l_var2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @l_var1 = 'John Doe';
CALL sp_test_procedure(@l_var1, l_var2);
dbms_output.put_line('Number of rows: ' + isnull(l_var2, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_test_procedure
(param1 IN VARCHAR2, param2 OUT NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param2 FROM test_table WHERE name = param1;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION fn_test_function
(param1 IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_table WHERE name = param1);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
l_var1 VARCHAR2(100);
l_var2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
l_var1 := 'John Doe';
CALL sp_test_procedure(l_var1, l_var2);
dbms_output.put_line('Number of rows: ' || l_var2);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE users (
id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
age FLOAT
);
INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 30);
INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 25);
DECLARE
@v_user_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_user_id = id, @v_name = name FROM users WHERE name = 'John Doe';
UPDATE users SET age = 31 WHERE id = @v_user_id;
IF v_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 User not found', 16, 1);
END
DELETE FROM users WHERE id = @v_user_id;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE users (
id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
age NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 30);
INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 25);
DECLARE
v_user_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name INTO v_user_id, v_name FROM users WHERE name = 'John Doe';
UPDATE users SET age = 31 WHERE id = v_user_id;
IF v_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'User not found');
END IF;
DELETE FROM users WHERE id = v_user_id;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@IN employee_id AS NUMBER,
IN new_salary NUMBER,
OUT outcome VARCHAR2
)
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
set @outcome = 'SUCCESS';
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @outcome = 'NO_SUCH_EMPLOYEE';
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
set @outcome = 'FAILED';
RAISE;
END;
END;
DECLARE
@out_message VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
dbo.update_employee(456, 90000, @out_message);
IF @out_message = 'SUCCESS' BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Update failed: ' + isnull(@out_message, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
IN employee_id NUMBER,
IN new_salary NUMBER,
OUT outcome VARCHAR2
)
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
outcome := 'SUCCESS';
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
outcome := 'NO_SUCH_EMPLOYEE';
WHEN OTHERS THEN
outcome := 'FAILED';
RAISE;
END;
END;
DECLARE
out_message VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
update_employee(456, 90000, out_message);
IF out_message = 'SUCCESS' THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Update failed: ' || out_message);
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE ord CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Order ID: ' + isnull(@ord_order_id, ''));
dbms_output.put_line('Order Date: ' + ISNULL(TO_CHAR(@ord_order_date, 'DD-MM-YYYY'), ''));
dbms_output.put_line('Total Amount: ' + isnull(@ord_total_amount, ''));
FETCH ord INTO;
END;
CLOSE ord;
DEALLOCATE ord;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
FOR ord IN c_orders LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Order ID: ' || ord.order_id);
dbms_output.put_line('Order Date: ' || TO_CHAR(ord.order_date, 'DD-MM-YYYY'));
dbms_output.put_line('Total Amount: ' || ord.total_amount);
END LOOP;
END;
|