sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (@IN i_param1 AS @IN VARCHAR2, OUT o_param2 OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT @o_param2 = name FROM employees WHERE id = i_param1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @o_param2 = 'Employee not found';
END
END;
END;
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
dbo.my_proc('10', @v_name);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (IN i_param1 IN VARCHAR2, OUT o_param2 OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO o_param2 FROM employees WHERE id = i_param1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
o_param2 := 'Employee not found';
END;
END;
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
my_proc('10', v_name);
END;
|
DECLARE
@counter FLOAT := 0;
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM employees; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
SET @counter = @counter + 1;
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
*** any rows
IF @counter = 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No employees found');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Found ' + isnull(@counter, '') + ' employees');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Could not find any rows in the table');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
counter NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM employees) LOOP
counter := counter + 1;
END LOOP;
-- Check if we found any rows
IF counter = 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No employees found');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Found ' || counter || ' employees');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Could not find any rows in the table');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(25);
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @name = ename, @salary = sal FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' + isnull(@name, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(@salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID');
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE name VARCHAR2(25);
DECLARE salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal INTO name, salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' || name || ', Salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID');
END;
END; |
DECLARE
@cur_emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal, deptno
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = 10;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH cur_emp_details INTO @ename, @sal, @deptno;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
*** the fetched data
END;
CLOSE cur_emp_details;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
cur_emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_emp_details FOR
SELECT ename, sal, deptno
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = 10;
LOOP
FETCH cur_emp_details INTO ename, sal, deptno;
EXIT WHEN cur_emp_details%NOTFOUND;
-- Do something with the fetched data
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur_emp_details;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = @v_salary * 0.1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 0;
END
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE employee_id = 1;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred');
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
ELSE
v_bonus := 0;
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE employee_id = 1;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GET_EMPLOYEE_SALARY', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GET_EMPLOYEE_SALARY;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GET_EMPLOYEE_SALARY(@EMP_ID IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
SALARY NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @SALARY = SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID = EMP_ID;
RETURN SALARY;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END GET_EMPLOYEE_SALARY;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GET_EMPLOYEE_SALARY(EMP_ID IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
SALARY NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SALARY INTO SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID = EMP_ID;
RETURN SALARY;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END GET_EMPLOYEE_SALARY;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @emp_salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(100);
IF @emp_salary IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
DECLARE
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_salary := get_employee_salary(100);
IF emp_salary IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || emp_salary);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('InsertEmp', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE InsertEmp;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmp(@e_id IN AS NUMBER, e_name IN VARCHAR2, e_job IN VARCHAR2,e_mgr IN NUMBER,e_sal IN NUMBER,e_comm IN NUMBER,e_deptno IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (employee_id, last_name, first_name, job_id, manager_id, salary, commission_pct, department_id)
VALUES (e_id, e_name, NULL, e_job, e_mgr, e_sal, e_comm, e_deptno);
COMMIT;
END;
/
-- Dr... ***
DROP PROCEDURE InsertEmp;
-- Te... ***
DECLARE
@l_e_id FLOAT := 205;
l_e_name dbo.VARCHAR2(25) := 'John Doe';
l_e_job dbo.VARCHAR2(25) := 'Clerk';
l_e_mgr SET @NUMBER = 101;
l_e_sal SET @NUMBER = 20000;
l_e_comm SET @NUMBER = 200;
l_e_deptno SET @NUMBER = 10;
BEGIN
dbo.InsertEmp(@l_e_id, l_e_name, l_e_job, l_e_mgr, l_e_sal, l_e_comm, l_e_deptno);
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE InsertEmp(e_id IN NUMBER, e_name IN VARCHAR2, e_job IN VARCHAR2,e_mgr IN NUMBER,e_sal IN NUMBER,e_comm IN NUMBER,e_deptno IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (employee_id, last_name, first_name, job_id, manager_id, salary, commission_pct, department_id)
VALUES (e_id, e_name, NULL, e_job, e_mgr, e_sal, e_comm, e_deptno);
COMMIT;
END;
/
-- Drop the procedure
DROP PROCEDURE InsertEmp;
-- Test the procedure
DECLARE
l_e_id NUMBER := 205;
l_e_name VARCHAR2(25) := 'John Doe';
l_e_job VARCHAR2(25) := 'Clerk';
l_e_mgr NUMBER := 101;
l_e_sal NUMBER := 20000;
l_e_comm NUMBER := 200;
l_e_deptno NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
InsertEmp(l_e_id, l_e_name, l_e_job, l_e_mgr, l_e_sal, l_e_comm, l_e_deptno);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id
);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id
);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_salary_calc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_salary_calc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_salary_calc(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary_out OUT NUMBER
)
AS
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
set @salary_out = emp_salary * 1.10;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @salary_out = 0;
END
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.emp_salary_calc(@emp_id, salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary for employee ' + isnull(@emp_id, '') + ' is ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_salary_calc(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
salary_out OUT NUMBER
)
AS
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO emp_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
salary_out := emp_salary * 1.10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
salary_out := 0;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_salary_calc(emp_id, salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary for employee ' || emp_id || ' is ' || salary);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_my_proc(@deptno IN AS NUMBER)
AS
emp_cnt NUMBER;
mgr_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_cnt = COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id = deptno;
SELECT @mgr_sal = MAX(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = deptno AND job_id = 'Manager';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees in department ' + isnull(deptno, '') + ': ' + isnull(emp_cnt, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary of manager in department ' + isnull(deptno, '') + ': ' + isnull(mgr_sal, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for department ' + isnull(deptno, ''));
END
END;
DECLARE
@deptno FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
dbo.sp_my_proc(@deptno);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_my_proc(deptno IN NUMBER)
AS
emp_cnt NUMBER;
mgr_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO emp_cnt FROM employees WHERE department_id = deptno;
SELECT MAX(salary) INTO mgr_sal FROM employees WHERE department_id = deptno AND job_id = 'Manager';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees in department ' || deptno || ': ' || emp_cnt);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary of manager in department ' || deptno || ': ' || mgr_sal);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for department ' || deptno);
END;
DECLARE
deptno NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
sp_my_proc(deptno);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
v_employee_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_employee_name = employee_name FROM employee WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
IF v_employee_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_employee_name, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(p_employee_id IN NUMBER) IS
v_employee_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_name INTO v_employee_name FROM employee WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
IF v_employee_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_employee_name);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_sales_by_region', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_sales_by_region;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_sales_by_region(@region_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
sales_total dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @sales_total = SUM(sales)
FROM sales
WHERE region_id = region_id;
RETURN sales_total;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN 'No sales data found for the given region.';
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_sales_by_region(region_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
sales_total VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(sales) INTO sales_total
FROM sales
WHERE region_id = region_id;
RETURN sales_total;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN 'No sales data found for the given region.';
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetCustomerOrders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders(@customerID FLOAT) RETURNS SYS_REFCURSOR AS
BEGIN
SELECT *
FROM Orders
WHERE @customerID = @customerID;
RETURN customer_orders_cur;
END;
DECLARE
@customerOrders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @customerOrders = dbo.GetCustomerOrders(1);
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR @customerOrders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@rec_orderID);
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
CLOSE customerOrders;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for this customer.');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders(customerID NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
BEGIN
OPEN customer_orders_cur FOR
SELECT *
FROM Orders
WHERE customerID = customerID;
RETURN customer_orders_cur;
END;
DECLARE
customerOrders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
customerOrders := GetCustomerOrders(1);
FOR rec IN customerOrders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(rec.orderID);
END LOOP;
CLOSE customerOrders;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for this customer.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@my_param IN AS VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
DECLARE @my_var VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @my_var = value FROM my_table WHERE id = my_param;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
IF @my_var IS NULL BEGIN
RAISE no_data_found;
END
UPDATE my_table SET value = value + 1 WHERE id = my_param;
COMMIT;
END; | CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(my_param IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
DECLARE my_var VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT value INTO my_var FROM my_table WHERE id = my_param;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
NULL;
END;
IF my_var IS NULL THEN
RAISE no_data_found;
END IF;
UPDATE my_table SET value = value + 1 WHERE id = my_param;
COMMIT;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('check_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE check_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE check_customer(@id IN AS NUMBER, OUT status VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @status = 'Active' FROM customers WHERE id = id;
IF status IS NULL BEGIN
raiserror('-20001 Customer not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@customer_id FLOAT;
customer_status VARCHAR2;
BEGIN
SET @customer_id = 100;
dbo.check_customer(@customer_id, customer_status);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Customer status: ' + isnull(customer_status, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error checking customer: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE check_customer(id IN NUMBER, OUT status VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
SELECT 'Active' INTO status FROM customers WHERE id = id;
IF status IS NULL THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Customer not found');
END IF;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
customer_id NUMBER;
customer_status VARCHAR2;
BEGIN
customer_id := 100;
check_customer(customer_id, customer_status);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Customer status: ' || customer_status);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error checking customer: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id,
@emp_name = first_name,
@emp_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF emp_salary > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(emp_name, '') + ' has a high salary of ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(emp_name, '') + ' has a low salary of ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for employee with ID 10');
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id,
first_name,
salary
INTO emp_id,
emp_name,
emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF emp_salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || emp_name || ' has a high salary of ' || emp_salary);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || emp_name || ' has a low salary of ' || emp_salary);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for employee with ID 10');
END;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('emp_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE emp_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_details (
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER,
p_ename OUT VARCHAR2,
p_sal OUT NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_ename = ename, @p_sal = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = p_empno;
END emp_details;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE emp_details (
p_empno IN NUMBER,
p_ename OUT VARCHAR2,
p_sal OUT NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal
INTO p_ename, p_sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = p_empno;
END emp_details;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_emp_id SET @NUMBER = 100;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
*** ame
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename
FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
-- Pr... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
-- Ex... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
/ | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
-- Select employee name
SELECT ename INTO v_emp_name
FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
-- Print employee name
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
-- Exception handling
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
/ |
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
employee_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id INT := 10;
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(9,2);
v_bonus ROW_NUMBER(9,2);
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_dept_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_comm ROW_NUMBER(9,2);
v_mgr_id ROW_NUMBER(6);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename,
@v_salary = salary,
@v_comm = comm,
@v_mgr_id = mgr,
@v_dept_name = dname
FROM EMP E, DEPT D
WHERE E.deptno = D.deptno AND empno = @v_emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_name);
IF v_comm IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.15;
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_bonus);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(6) := 10;
v_salary NUMBER(9,2);
v_bonus NUMBER(9,2);
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_dept_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_comm NUMBER(9,2);
v_mgr_id NUMBER(6);
BEGIN
SELECT ename,
salary,
comm,
mgr,
dname
INTO v_emp_name, v_salary, v_comm, v_mgr_id, v_dept_name
FROM EMP E, DEPT D
WHERE E.deptno = D.deptno AND empno = v_emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_name);
IF v_comm IS NULL THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
ELSE
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.15;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_bonus);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 500;
BEGIN
*** all
dbo.update_employee(@v_emp_id);
-- Fu... ***
SET @v_emp_name = dbo.get_employee_name(@v_emp_id);
-- SQ... ***
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
*** tructs
IF v_emp_name IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee found: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee not found.');
END
*** enarios
BEGIN
*** 错误
SET @v_emp_id = @v_emp_id - 1; *** ��存在
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee with ID ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, '') + ' not found.');
END
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 500;
BEGIN
-- Store procedure call
update_employee(v_emp_id);
-- Function call
v_emp_name := get_employee_name(v_emp_id);
-- SQL statement
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Control flow constructs
IF v_emp_name IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee found: ' || v_emp_name);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee not found.');
END IF;
-- Error handling scenarios
BEGIN
--故意触发一个错误
v_emp_id := v_emp_id - 1; --假设此 emp_id 不存在
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee with ID ' || v_emp_id || ' not found.');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO t1 (x, y) VALUES (i, i*i);
END;
DECLARE
@v_total float;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_total = SUM(x) FROM t1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total: ' + isnull(@v_total, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
INSERT INTO t1 (x, y) VALUES (i, i*i);
END LOOP;
DECLARE
v_total number;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(x) INTO v_total FROM t1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total: ' || v_total);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION GET_CUSTOMER_INFO(@cust_id FLOAT) RETURNS customerDECLARE %ROWTYPE
BEGIN IS
RETURN NULL;
END;
customer_rec customer%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @customer_rec = * FROM customer WHERE cust_id = cust_id;
RETURN customer_rec;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders (cust_id, order_date, order_amount)
VALUES (1, GETDATE(), 100);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 Error while inserting order', 16, 1);
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE customer SET cust_name = 'John Doe' WHERE cust_id = 1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Customer not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION GET_CUSTOMER_INFO(cust_id NUMBER) RETURN customer%ROWTYPE IS
customer_rec customer%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO customer_rec FROM customer WHERE cust_id = cust_id;
RETURN customer_rec;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders (cust_id, order_date, order_amount)
VALUES (1, SYSDATE, 100);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error while inserting order');
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE customer SET cust_name = 'John Doe' WHERE cust_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Customer not found');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_job_id dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_job_id = job_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Information:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Job ID: ' + isnull(v_job_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee record found with ID = 100');
END
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_job_id VARCHAR2(10);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, job_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_job_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Information:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Job ID: ' || v_job_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee record found with ID = 100');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE p_get_emp_salary (@p_empno IN AS NUMBER, OUT p_salary OUT NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE p_get_emp_salary (p_empno IN NUMBER, OUT p_salary OUT NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO p_salary FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (@p_in IN AS NUMBER) AS
v_out NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_out = p_in + 1;
IF v_out IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Success: ' + isnull(v_out, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
dbo.my_proc(4);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unhandled exception: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (p_in IN NUMBER) AS
v_out NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT p_in + 1 INTO v_out FROM dual;
IF v_out IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Success: ' || v_out);
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error occurred');
END IF;
END;
BEGIN
my_proc(4);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unhandled exception: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_balance', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_balance;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @balance = balance FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN balance;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END get_customer_balance;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO balance FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN balance;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END get_customer_balance;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_error_code NUMBER;
v_error_message dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @v_error_code = @@ERROR;
SET @v_error_message = SQLERRM;
END
END;
IF v_error_code IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + isnull(v_error_code, '') + ' - ' + isnull(v_error_message, ''));
END
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_error_code NUMBER;
v_error_message VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_error_code := SQLCODE;
v_error_message := SQLERRM;
END;
IF v_error_code IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || v_error_code || ' - ' || v_error_message);
END IF;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (@p_cust_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, order_total
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_cust_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE r_orders CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@r_orders_order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + isnull(@r_orders_order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Total: ' + isnull(@r_orders_order_total, ''));
FETCH r_orders INTO;
END;
CLOSE r_orders;
DEALLOCATE r_orders;
END get_customer_orders;
DECLARE
@v_cust_id FLOAT := 12345;
BEGIN
dbo.get_customer_orders(@v_cust_id);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (p_cust_id IN NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, order_total
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_cust_id;
BEGIN
FOR r_orders IN c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || r_orders.order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || r_orders.order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Total: ' || r_orders.order_total);
END LOOP;
END get_customer_orders;
DECLARE
v_cust_id NUMBER := 12345;
BEGIN
get_customer_orders(v_cust_id);
END;
|
DECLARE
@my_var1 FLOAT := 10;
my_var2 dbo.VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello World';
BEGIN
SET @my_var1 = @my_var1 + 5;
SET @my_var2 = isnull(my_var2, '') + '!';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@my_var1, '') + ' ' + isnull(my_var2, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
my_var1 NUMBER := 10;
my_var2 VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello World';
BEGIN
my_var1 := my_var1 + 5;
my_var2 := my_var2 || '!';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(my_var1 || ' ' || my_var2);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_mgr IN NUMBER,
p_hiredate IN DATE,
p_sal IN NUMBER,
p_comm IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER)
IS
v_error_code NUMBER;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees
(empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
VALUES
(p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_mgr, p_hiredate, p_sal, p_comm, p_deptno);
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
set @v_error_code = -20000;
RAISERROR('v_error_code No rows inserted', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
set @v_error_code = -20001;
RAISERROR('v_error_code Duplicate value in index', 16, 1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
p_empno IN NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_mgr IN NUMBER,
p_hiredate IN DATE,
p_sal IN NUMBER,
p_comm IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER)
IS
v_error_code NUMBER;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees
(empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
VALUES
(p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_mgr, p_hiredate, p_sal, p_comm, p_deptno);
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
v_error_code := -20000;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(v_error_code, 'No rows inserted');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
v_error_code := -20001;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(v_error_code, 'Duplicate value in index');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @EXIT_FLAG BIT := FALSE;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @EXIT_FLAG = TRUE;
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
DECLARE EXIT_FLAG BOOLEAN := FALSE;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
EXIT_FLAG := TRUE;
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM my_table; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET col1 = col1 + 1 WHERE rowid = @rec_rowid;
IF dbo.row_count() > 0 BEGIN
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Row not found', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM my_table) LOOP
BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET col1 = col1 + 1 WHERE rowid = rec.rowid;
IF row_count() > 0 THEN
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Row not found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END LOOP;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id BIGINT := 10;
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(8,2) := 10000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
IF v_salary >= 12000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is high');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is low');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred');
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(9) := 10;
v_salary NUMBER(8,2) := 10000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
IF v_salary >= 12000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is high');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is low');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred');
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employee (
employee_id FLOAT,
first_name VARCHAR(30),
last_name VARCHAR(30),
department_id FLOAT,
salary FLOAT,
PRIMARY KEY (employee_id),
FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES department (department_id)
);
CREATE TABLE department (
department_id FLOAT,
department_name VARCHAR(30),
PRIMARY KEY (department_id)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id (
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT p_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_last_name OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_first_name = first_name, @p_last_name = last_name
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
DECLARE
@v_first_name VARCHAR(30);
v_last_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_by_id(100, @v_first_name, v_last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@v_first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(v_last_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given employee ID.');
END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employee (
employee_id NUMBER,
first_name VARCHAR2(30),
last_name VARCHAR2(30),
department_id NUMBER,
salary NUMBER,
PRIMARY KEY (employee_id),
FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES department (department_id)
);
CREATE TABLE department (
department_id NUMBER,
department_name VARCHAR2(30),
PRIMARY KEY (department_id)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id (
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
OUT p_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_last_name OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, last_name
INTO p_first_name, p_last_name
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
DECLARE
v_first_name VARCHAR2(30);
v_last_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
get_employee_by_id(100, v_first_name, v_last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_first_name || ' ' || v_last_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given employee ID.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE reset_user_password(@user_id IN AS NUMBER)
IS
new_password dbo.VARCHAR2(255) := 'P@ssw0rd1';
user_exists SET @BOOLEAN = FALSE;
BEGIN
SELECT @user_exists = 1
FROM users
WHERE user_id = user_id;
IF user_exists BEGIN
UPDATE users
SET password = new_password
WHERE user_id = user_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Password for user_id ' + isnull(user_id, '') + ' reset successfully.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error: User with user_id ' + isnull(user_id, '') + ' does not exist.');
END
END;
CALL reset_user_password(12345);
DECLARE
salaries TABLE [OF] FLOAT;
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
[BULK] COLLECT INTO salaries
FROM employees;
DECLARE @idx INT = 1 ;
WHILE @idx <= salariés.COUNT
BEGIN
SET @total_salary = total_salary + dbo.salaries(idx);
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Total salary for all employees: ' + isnull(total_salary, ''));
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
RAISERROR('-1 An error occurred.', 16, 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE reset_user_password(user_id IN NUMBER)
IS
new_password VARCHAR2(255) := 'P@ssw0rd1';
user_exists BOOLEAN := FALSE;
BEGIN
SELECT 1
INTO user_exists
FROM users
WHERE user_id = user_id;
IF user_exists THEN
UPDATE users
SET password = new_password
WHERE user_id = user_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Password for user_id ' || user_id || ' reset successfully.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error: User with user_id ' || user_id || ' does not exist.');
END IF;
END;
CALL reset_user_password(12345);
DECLARE
salaries TABLE OF NUMBER;
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
BULK COLLECT INTO salaries
FROM employees;
FOR idx IN 1 .. salariés.COUNT
LOOP
total_salary := total_salary + salaries(idx);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Total salary for all employees: ' || total_salary);
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-1, 'An error occurred.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 (id, name) VALUES (i, 'Name' + isnull(i, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
NULL; -- Er... ***
END;
END;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE STORED CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info (@p_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT *
FROM employee
WHERE id = p_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
raiserror('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
DECLARE
@l_emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @l_emp_id = 100;
dbo.get_employee_info(@l_emp_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 (id, name) VALUES (i, 'Name' || i);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
NULL; -- Error handling
END;
END LOOP;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE STORED PROCEDURE get_employee_info (p_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT *
FROM employee
WHERE id = p_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
/
DECLARE
l_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
l_emp_id := 100;
get_employee_info(l_emp_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_num = num, @v_name = name FROM my_table WHERE num = 1;
SELECT * FROM my_table;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH v_cursor INTO @v_num, @v_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@v_num, '') + ' ' + isnull(v_name, ''));
END;
CLOSE v_cursor;
IF @v_num IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 No record found', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT num, name INTO v_num, v_name FROM my_table WHERE num = 1;
OPEN v_cursor FOR SELECT * FROM my_table;
LOOP
FETCH v_cursor INTO v_num, v_name;
EXIT WHEN v_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num || ' ' || v_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE v_cursor;
IF v_num IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'No record found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
@IN emp_id AS NUMBER,
IN first_name VARCHAR2,
IN last_name VARCHAR2,
OUT success BOOLEAN
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET first_name = first_name,
last_name = last_name
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@ROWCOUNT > 0 BEGIN
set @success = TRUE;
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @success = FALSE;
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @success = FALSE;
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN others THEN
set @success = FALSE;
RAISE;
END;
SELECT employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10
AND salary > 50000
ORDER BY last_name;
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_success BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
dbo.sp_update_employee(@v_emp_id, 'John', 'Smith', v_success);
IF v_success BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee.');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
IN emp_id NUMBER,
IN first_name VARCHAR2,
IN last_name VARCHAR2,
OUT success BOOLEAN
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET first_name = first_name,
last_name = last_name
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT > 0 THEN
success := TRUE;
ELSE
success := FALSE;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
success := FALSE;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
WHEN others THEN
success := FALSE;
RAISE;
END;
SELECT employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10
AND salary > 50000
ORDER BY last_name;
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_success BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
sp_update_employee(v_emp_id, 'John', 'Smith', v_success);
IF v_success THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee.');
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id FLOAT IDENTITY(),
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary DECIMAL(10,2),
department VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employees(
@out emp_cursor AS SYS_REFCURSOR
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees;
END;
DECLARE
@emp_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
get_employees(out @emp_cursor);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH emp_cursor INTO @emp_id, @emp_name, @emp_salary, @emp_department;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(emp_name, '') + ' earns ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
END;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER(10,2),
department VARCHAR2(50)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employees(
out emp_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR
)
IS
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor FOR
SELECT * FROM employees;
END;
DECLARE
emp_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
get_employees(out emp_cursor);
LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary, emp_department;
EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_name || ' earns ' || emp_salary);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure(@p_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name FROM table WHERE id = p_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' + isnull(v_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for ID: ' + isnull(p_id, ''));
END
END;
BEGIN
dbo.my_procedure(10);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure(p_id IN NUMBER)
AS
v_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_name FROM table WHERE id = p_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || v_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for ID: ' || p_id);
END;
BEGIN
my_procedure(10);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(20);
v_age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_age = age FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF v_age > 30 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = 1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.05 WHERE id = 1;
END
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT name, age INTO v_name, v_age FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF v_age > 30 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = 1;
ELSE
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.05 WHERE id = 1;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
DECLARE
@new_employee_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (employee_name, salary)
VALUES ('New Employee', 10000);
SELECT @new_employee_id = employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_name = 'New Employee';
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE employee CURSOR FOR
SELECT *
FROM employees;
OPEN employee;
FETCH employee INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @employee_salary < 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @employee_employee_id;
END
FETCH employee INTO;
END;
CLOSE employee;
DEALLOCATE employee;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE new_table AS
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 10000;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
TRUNCATE TABLE employees;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END; | CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
DECLARE
new_employee_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (employee_name, salary)
VALUES ('New Employee', 10000);
SELECT employee_id INTO new_employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_name = 'New Employee';
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
FOR employee IN (
SELECT *
FROM employees
)
LOOP
IF employee.salary < 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = employee.employee_id;
END IF;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE new_table AS
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 10000;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
TRUNCATE TABLE employees;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
@IN employee_id AS NUMBER,
IN first_name VARCHAR2,
IN last_name VARCHAR2,
OUT update_count NUMBER) IS
new_first_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT @new_first_name = first_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF new_first_name <> first_name BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET first_name = first_name, last_name = last_name WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
set @update_count = @@ROWCOUNT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @update_count = 0;
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
IN employee_id NUMBER,
IN first_name VARCHAR2,
IN last_name VARCHAR2,
OUT update_count NUMBER) IS
new_first_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name INTO new_first_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF new_first_name <> first_name THEN
UPDATE employees SET first_name = first_name, last_name = last_name WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
update_count := SQL%ROWCOUNT;
ELSE
update_count := 0;
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@cur_emp_list SYS_REFCURSOR;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE deptno = v_deptno;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No data found for department number ' + isnull(v_deptno, ''), 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
cur_emp_list SYS_REFCURSOR;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_emp_list FOR
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE deptno = v_deptno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No data found for department number ' || v_deptno);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = employee_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @emp_name = 'N/A';
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_salary(@dept_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = dept_id);
END;
CREATE TABLE temp_table AS
SELECT * FROM employees;
UPDATE temp_table SET salary = salary * 1.05;
DELETE FROM temp_table WHERE department_id = 20;
IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM temp_table) > 0 BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees SELECT * FROM temp_table;
TRUNCATE TABLE temp_table;
END
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_name INTO emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
emp_name := 'N/A';
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_salary(dept_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = dept_id);
END;
CREATE TABLE temp_table AS
SELECT * FROM employees;
UPDATE temp_table SET salary = salary * 1.05;
DELETE FROM temp_table WHERE department_id = 20;
IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM temp_table) > 0 THEN
INSERT INTO employees SELECT * FROM temp_table;
TRUNCATE TABLE temp_table;
END IF;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
-- Ge... ***
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE ename = 'KING';
*** exists
IF v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
-- Up... ***
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
-- Di... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
-- Get employee number
SELECT empno, salary INTO v_empno, v_salary FROM emp WHERE ename = 'KING';
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update salary
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Display result
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
BEGIN
DECLARE
@num FLOAT;
name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @num = count(*) FROM employees;
SELECT @name = name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF @num > 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees: ' + isnull(@num, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name of employee 1: ' + isnull(name, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with id 1 found');
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
num NUMBER;
name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT count(*) INTO num FROM employees;
SELECT name INTO name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF num > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees: ' || num);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name of employee 1: ' || name);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with id 1 found');
END;
END; |
BEGIN
*** and cursors
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employees;
*** etch data into variables
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 INTO @emp_id, @emp_name;
*** data in the cursor
IF @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employees found', 16, 1);
END
-- Cl... ***
CLOSE c1;
*** cedure to update employee name
dbo.UPDATE_EMPLOYEE_NAME(@emp_id, emp_name);
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
END
*** und exception
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
*** ows exception
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables and cursors
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name VARCHAR2(30);
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employees;
-- Open cursor and fetch data into variables
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 INTO emp_id, emp_name;
-- Check if there is data in the cursor
IF c1%NOTFOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employees found');
END IF;
-- Close cursor
CLOSE c1;
-- Call a stored procedure to update employee name
UPDATE_EMPLOYEE_NAME(emp_id, emp_name);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle no data found exception
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
-- Handle too many rows exception
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMP.empno%TYPE */;
v_salary EMP.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT
@v_empno = empno,
@v_salary = salary
FROM
EMP
WHERE
empno = 7788;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE
EMP
SET
salary = v_salary + 1000
WHERE
empno = 7788;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too low to be increased.', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno EMP.empno%TYPE;
v_salary EMP.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT
empno,
salary
INTO
v_empno,
v_salary
FROM
EMP
WHERE
empno = 7788;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE
EMP
SET
salary = v_salary + 1000
WHERE
empno = 7788;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too low to be increased.');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@x FLOAT;
y NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @x = 10;
SET @y = 20;
IF @x > y BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X is greater than Y');
END
ELSE IF @x = y BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X is equal to Y');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X is less than Y');
END
END;
/
|
DECLARE
x NUMBER;
y NUMBER;
BEGIN
x := 10;
y := 20;
IF x > y THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X is greater than Y');
ELSIF x = y THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X is equal to Y');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X is less than Y');
END IF;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno SMALLINT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SMITH';
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
END
END;
/ | DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER(4);
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SMITH';
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
ELSE
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
END IF;
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee(@empno IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp = * FROM employees WHERE empno = empno;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('calc_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION calc_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION calc_salary(@empno IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE empno = empno
);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @empno FLOAT;
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SET @empno = 7839;
SET @salary = dbo.calc_salary(@empno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(@empno, '') + ' has a salary of ' + isnull(@salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee(empno IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO emp FROM employees WHERE empno = empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calc_salary(empno IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE empno = empno
);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE empno NUMBER;
DECLARE salary NUMBER;
empno := 7839;
salary := calc_salary(empno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || empno || ' has a salary of ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred');
END;
|
declare
@v_department_id float;
v_department_name dbo.varchar2(100);
begin
*** tails
select @v_department_id = department_id, @v_department_name = department_name
from departments
where department_id = 20;
*** details
update departments
set department_name = 'Sales and Marketing'
where department_id = @v_department_id;
*** oyee
insert into employees(employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, department_id, salary)
values(1001, 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', @v_department_id, 50000);
-- Co... ***
commit;
-- Ha... ***
exception
when others then
rollback;
raise;
end;
|
declare
v_department_id number;
v_department_name varchar2(100);
begin
-- Get department details
select department_id, department_name
into v_department_id, v_department_name
from departments
where department_id = 20;
-- Update department details
update departments
set department_name = 'Sales and Marketing'
where department_id = v_department_id;
-- Insert a new employee
insert into employees(employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, department_id, salary)
values(1001, 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', v_department_id, 50000);
-- Commit changes
commit;
-- Handle exception
exception
when others then
rollback;
raise;
end;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 Error updating employee salary', 16, 1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error updating employee salary');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders_cursor;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
orders_ref CURSOR FOR get_customer_orders(1);
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR orders_ref OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@rec_order_id, '') + ' Order Date: ' + isnull(@rec_order_date, '') + ' Total Amount: ' + isnull(@rec_total_amount, ''));
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for this customer.');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN orders_cursor FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders_cursor;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
orders_ref CURSOR FOR get_customer_orders(1);
BEGIN
FOR rec IN orders_ref LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || rec.order_id || ' Order Date: ' || rec.order_date || ' Total Amount: ' || rec.total_amount);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for this customer.');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_deptno SMALLINT := 20;
v_sal ROW_NUMBER(9,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_sal = salary FROM emp WHERE deptno = @v_deptno;
IF v_sal < 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_sal * 1.10 WHERE deptno = @v_deptno;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is already too high', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_deptno NUMBER(4) := 20;
v_sal NUMBER(9,2);
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_sal FROM emp WHERE deptno = v_deptno;
IF v_sal < 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_sal * 1.10 WHERE deptno = v_deptno;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is already too high');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
*** ame
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_emp_id;
*** name
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
-- Ha... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
-- Select employee name
SELECT ename INTO v_emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
-- Display employee name
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle error
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure (@p_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
rec_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @rec_count = COUNT(*) FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id;
IF rec_count = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No record found for ID: ' + isnull(p_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** ation on the found record
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure (p_id IN NUMBER) IS
rec_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rec_count FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id;
IF rec_count = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No record found for ID: ' || p_id);
ELSE
-- Perform some operation on the found record
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee(
@first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
phone IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(first_name, last_name, email, phone, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, email, phone, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE insert_employee(
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
phone IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(first_name, last_name, email, phone, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, email, phone, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetEmpName', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetEmpName;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetEmpName(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @emp_id);
END;
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
SET @emp_name = dbo.GetEmpName(7369);
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that ID found.');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetEmpName(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT ename FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id);
END;
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
emp_name := GetEmpName(7369);
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that ID found.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
@p_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_dept_id IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER
) AS
l_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_emp_id = ISNULL(MAX(emp_id), 0) + 1 FROM employees;
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, salary, dept_id, manager_id)
VALUES (l_emp_id, p_name, p_salary, p_dept_id, p_manager_id);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary(
@p_emp_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT
salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id
);
END;
/
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = dbo.GetEmployeeSalary(10) + 100
WHERE emp_id = 10;
COMMIT;
END;
/
DECLARE
@l_emp_name VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
SELECT
@l_emp_name = name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@l_emp_name, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_dept_id IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER
) AS
l_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT NVL(MAX(emp_id), 0) + 1 INTO l_emp_id FROM employees;
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, salary, dept_id, manager_id)
VALUES (l_emp_id, p_name, p_salary, p_dept_id, p_manager_id);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT
salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id
);
END;
/
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = GetEmployeeSalary(10) + 100
WHERE emp_id = 10;
COMMIT;
END;
/
DECLARE
l_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT
name
INTO l_emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || l_emp_name);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG';
IF @emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** the employee ID
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id
INTO emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG';
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
ELSE
-- Do something with the employee ID
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20102 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20103 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 100;
COMMIT;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20102, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20103, 'Employee not found');
END;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 100;
COMMIT;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employees_by_dept', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employees_by_dept;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employees_by_dept(@deptno IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = deptno;
RETURN emp_cur;
END;
DECLARE
@deptno FLOAT := 20;
emp_ref SYS_REFCURSOR;
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @emp_ref = dbo.get_employees_by_dept(@deptno);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH emp_ref INTO @emp_id, @emp_name, @emp_salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(emp_id, '') + ' - ' + isnull(emp_name, '') + ' - ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
END;
CLOSE emp_ref;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found in department ' + isnull(@deptno, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employees_by_dept(deptno IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cur FOR
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = deptno;
RETURN emp_cur;
END;
DECLARE
deptno NUMBER := 20;
emp_ref SYS_REFCURSOR;
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_ref := get_employees_by_dept(deptno);
LOOP
FETCH emp_ref INTO emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary;
EXIT WHEN emp_ref%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_id || ' - ' || emp_name || ' - ' || emp_salary);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_ref;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found in department ' || deptno);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
BEGIN
DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
BEGIN
DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_emp_id;
IF v_emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for the specified employee ID.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
IF v_emp_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for the specified employee ID.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
/
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
|
*** Procedure to Calculate Employee Salary
CREATE PROCEDURE Calculate_Salary(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
set @salary = salary * 1.10; -- 10... ***
END;
*** on to Check for Duplicate Employees
CREATE FUNCTION Check_Duplicate(
@emp_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN BOOLEAN
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id);
END;
*** tement to Insert New Employee
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (1001, 'John Doe', 50000);
*** nstruct using IF-THEN-ELSE
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1001;
IF @emp_name IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(@emp_name, '') + ' exists.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
*** Scenario using EXCEPTION
BEGIN
*** a duplicate employee
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (1001, 'John Doe', 50000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate employee record found.');
END;
|
--1. Create a Stored Procedure to Calculate Employee Salary
CREATE PROCEDURE Calculate_Salary(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
salary := salary * 1.10; -- 10% raise
END;
--2. Create a Function to Check for Duplicate Employees
CREATE FUNCTION Check_Duplicate(
emp_id IN NUMBER
) RETURN BOOLEAN
AS
BEGIN
RETURN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id);
END;
--3. Execute SQL Statement to Insert New Employee
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (1001, 'John Doe', 50000);
--4. Control Flow Construct using IF-THEN-ELSE
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1001;
IF emp_name IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || emp_name || ' exists.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END IF;
END;
--5. Error Handling Scenario using EXCEPTION
BEGIN
-- Attempt to insert a duplicate employee
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (1001, 'John Doe', 50000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate employee record found.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno SMALLINT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'KING';
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee does not exist', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/ | DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER(4);
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'KING';
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee does not exist');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/ |
DECLARE
@l_empno FLOAT;
l_empname dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @l_empno = empno, @l_empname = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Emp No.: ' + isnull(@l_empno, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Emp Name: ' + isnull(l_empname, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given employee no.');
END
END; | DECLARE
l_empno NUMBER;
l_empname VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename INTO l_empno, l_empname FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Emp No.: ' || l_empno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Emp Name: ' || l_empname);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given employee no.');
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary (@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary (emp_id IN NUMBER) AS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || salary);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (employee_id FLOAT, name VARCHAR(50), salary FLOAT);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 12000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (3, 'Bob Smith', 15000);
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee (@employee_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT name, salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp CURSOR FOR emp_cursor LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
FETCH emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp;
DEALLOCATE emp;
END;
DECLARE
@employee_id FLOAT := 1;
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee(@employee_id);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (employee_id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(50), salary NUMBER);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 12000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (3, 'Bob Smith', 15000);
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee (employee_id IN NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT name, salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
BEGIN
FOR emp IN emp_cursor LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || emp.name || ', Salary: ' || emp.salary);
END LOOP;
END;
DECLARE
employee_id NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
get_employee(employee_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
|
*** re to create a new employee
IF OBJECT_ID('create_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE create_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE create_employee(
@first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
*** into the employees table
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, salary);
END;
*** n to calculate the total salary of all employees
IF OBJECT_ID('get_total_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_total_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_salary()
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @total_salary FLOAT;
*** all salaries from the employees table
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary) FROM employees;
*** salary
RETURN @total_salary;
END;
*** tement to update the salary of an employee
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = 1;
*** flow construct to check if an employee exists
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1) BEGIN
*** do something
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** exist, do something else
END
*** handling scenario
BEGIN
*** y cause an error
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
END;
|
-- Declare a procedure to create a new employee
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE create_employee(
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
-- Insert a new row into the employees table
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, salary);
END;
-- Declare a function to calculate the total salary of all employees
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_total_salary()
RETURN NUMBER
AS
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Select the sum of all salaries from the employees table
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO total_salary FROM employees;
-- Return the total salary
RETURN total_salary;
END;
-- Declare a SQL statement to update the salary of an employee
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = 1;
-- Declare a control flow construct to check if an employee exists
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1) THEN
-- Employee exists, do something
ELSE
-- Employee does not exist, do something else
END IF;
-- Declare an error handling scenario
BEGIN
-- Some code that may cause an error
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle the error
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertCustomer(@IN p_first_name AS VARCHAR2, IN p_last_name VARCHAR2, IN p_email VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO customers (first_name, last_name, email)
VALUES (p_first_name, p_last_name, p_email);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Duplicate email found', 16, 1);
END;
/
DECLARE
@v_total_sales FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_total_sales = SUM(amount)
FROM sales;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total sales: ' + isnull(@v_total_sales, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No sales data found');
END
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerCount()
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM customers);
END;
GO | CREATE PROCEDURE InsertCustomer(IN p_first_name VARCHAR2, IN p_last_name VARCHAR2, IN p_email VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO customers (first_name, last_name, email)
VALUES (p_first_name, p_last_name, p_email);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Duplicate email found');
END;
/
DECLARE
v_total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(amount)
INTO v_total_sales
FROM sales;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total sales: ' || v_total_sales);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No sales data found');
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerCount()
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM customers);
END;
/ |
WITH salaries AS (
SELECT
department_id,
AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP [BY]
department_id
)
SELECT
e.first_name,
e.last_name,
s.avg_salary
FROM employees e
JOIN salaries s
ON e.department_id = s.department_id
WHERE
s.avg_salary > (
SELECT
AVG(salary)
FROM employees
); | WITH salaries AS (
SELECT
department_id,
AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY
department_id
)
SELECT
e.first_name,
e.last_name,
s.avg_salary
FROM employees e
JOIN salaries s
ON e.department_id = s.department_id
WHERE
s.avg_salary > (
SELECT
AVG(salary)
FROM employees
); |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_order_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_order_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_order_details (
@order_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT order_date DATE,
OUT customer_name VARCHAR2,
OUT order_total NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @order_date = order_date,
@customer_id = customer_id,
@order_total = total_cost
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = order_id;
SELECT @customer_name = name
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_order_details (
order_id IN NUMBER,
OUT order_date DATE,
OUT customer_name VARCHAR2,
OUT order_total NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT order_date,
customer_id,
total_cost
INTO order_date,
customer_id,
order_total
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = order_id;
SELECT name
INTO customer_name
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('UpsertEmployee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE UpsertEmployee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE UpsertEmployee(@IN Eid AS NUMBER, IN Ename VARCHAR2, IN Job VARCHAR2, IN Salary NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
IF Eid IS NULL BEGIN
-- In... ***
INSERT INTO Employees ( Ename, Job, Salary) VALUES ( Ename, Job, Salary);
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** mployee
UPDATE Employees SET Ename = Ename, Job = Job, Salary = Salary WHERE Eid = Eid;
END
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('GetEmployeeInfo', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetEmployeeInfo;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetEmployeeInfo(@IN Eid NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN Employees%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
emp Employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp = * FROM Employees WHERE Eid = Eid;
RETURN emp;
END;
/
BEGIN
*** ployee procedure
dbo.UpsertEmployee(100, 'John Doe', 'Manager', 10000);
*** yeeInfo function
SELECT * FROM GetEmployeeInfo(100);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE UpsertEmployee(IN Eid NUMBER, IN Ename VARCHAR2, IN Job VARCHAR2, IN Salary NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
IF Eid IS NULL THEN
-- Insert new employee
INSERT INTO Employees (Eid, Ename, Job, Salary) VALUES (EmpSeq.NEXTVAL, Ename, Job, Salary);
ELSE
-- Update existing employee
UPDATE Employees SET Ename = Ename, Job = Job, Salary = Salary WHERE Eid = Eid;
END IF;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetEmployeeInfo(IN Eid NUMBER)
RETURN Employees%ROWTYPE
IS
emp Employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO emp FROM Employees WHERE Eid = Eid;
RETURN emp;
END;
/
BEGIN
-- Call the UpsertEmployee procedure
UpsertEmployee(100, 'John Doe', 'Manager', 10000);
-- Call the GetEmployeeInfo function
SELECT * FROM GetEmployeeInfo(100);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any errors
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name, @v_salary = salary, @v_deptno = deptno
FROM employees
WHERE id = 1;
IF v_salary > 20000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE id = @v_id;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low', 16, 1);
END
END; | DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(255);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT id, name, salary, deptno
INTO v_id, v_name, v_salary, v_deptno
FROM employees
WHERE id = 1;
IF v_salary > 20000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE id = v_id;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low');
END IF;
END; |
BEGIN
*** nd store the result in a cursor
DECLARE r CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY last_name; OPEN r;
FETCH r INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
*** in the cursor
dbms_output.put_line(isnull(@r_first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@r_last_name, ''));
FETCH r INTO;
END;
CLOSE r;
DEALLOCATE r;
EXCEPTION
*** that occur during the execution of the block
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
BEGIN
-- Execute a query and store the result in a cursor
FOR r IN (SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY last_name) LOOP
-- Process each row in the cursor
dbms_output.put_line(r.first_name || ' ' || r.last_name);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that occur during the execution of the block
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
*** date, delete
declare
@emp_name varchar(20);
begin
select @emp_name = @emp_name from employees where emp_id = 1;
update employees set emp_name = 'John' where emp_id = 1;
insert into employees (emp_id, emp_name) values (2, 'Jane');
delete from employees where emp_id = 3;
end;
--sto... ***
if object_id('greet_emp', 'P') is not null
drop procedure greet_emp;
go
create procedure greet_emp(@emp_id in as number)
as
emp_name varchar(20);
begin
select @emp_name = emp_name from employees where emp_id = emp_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Hello, ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
end;
--err... ***
begin
*** raise an exception
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' + isnull(sqlerrm, ''));
end;
--con... ***
declare
@emp_salary float;
begin
select @emp_salary = salary from employees where emp_id = 1;
if @emp_salary > 10000 begin
dbms_output.put_line('Employee is well paid');
end
else if @emp_salary > 5000 begin
dbms_output.put_line('Employee is moderately paid');
end
else begin
dbms_output.put_line('Employee is underpaid');
end
end;
--fun... ***
if object_id('get_emp_name', 'fn') is not null
drop function get_emp_name;
go
create function get_emp_name(@emp_id in numberDECLARE )
return
begin varchar(
RETURN NULL;
END;20)
as
emp_name varchar(20);
begin
select @emp_name = emp_name from employees where emp_id = emp_id;
return emp_name;
end;
|
--select, insert, update, delete
declare
emp_name varchar(20);
begin
select emp_name into emp_name from employees where emp_id = 1;
update employees set emp_name = 'John' where emp_id = 1;
insert into employees (emp_id, emp_name) values (2, 'Jane');
delete from employees where emp_id = 3;
end;
--stored procedure
create or replace procedure greet_emp(emp_id in number)
as
emp_name varchar(20);
begin
select emp_name into emp_name from employees where emp_id = emp_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Hello, ' || emp_name);
end;
--error handling
begin
--some code that may raise an exception
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' || sqlerrm);
end;
--control flow
declare
emp_salary number;
begin
select salary into emp_salary from employees where emp_id = 1;
if emp_salary > 10000 then
dbms_output.put_line('Employee is well paid');
elsif emp_salary > 5000 then
dbms_output.put_line('Employee is moderately paid');
else
dbms_output.put_line('Employee is underpaid');
end if;
end;
--function
create or replace function get_emp_name(emp_id in number)
return varchar(20)
as
emp_name varchar(20);
begin
select emp_name into emp_name from employees where emp_id = emp_id;
return emp_name;
end;
|
declare
@v_id float;
v_name dbo.varchar2(20);
begin
select @v_id = id, @v_name = name from employees where id = 1;
dbms_output.put_line('Employee: ' + isnull(@v_id, '') + ', ' + isnull(v_name, ''));
if @v_id > 0 begin
update employees set salary = salary * 1.10 where id = @v_id;
commit;
end
else begin
raiserror('-20001 Employee not found!', 16, 1);
end
exception
when others then
rollback;
dbms_output.put_line('Error: ' + isnull(sqlerrm, ''));
end;
|
declare
v_id number;
v_name varchar2(20);
begin
select id, name into v_id, v_name from employees where id = 1;
dbms_output.put_line('Employee: ' || v_id || ', ' || v_name);
if v_id > 0 then
update employees set salary = salary * 1.10 where id = v_id;
commit;
else
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Employee not found!');
end if;
exception
when others then
rollback;
dbms_output.put_line('Error: ' || sqlerrm);
end;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('ins_emp', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE ins_emp;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE ins_emp(
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_mgr IN NUMBER,
p_hiredate IN DATE,
p_sal IN NUMBER,
p_comm IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO emp (
empno,
ename,
job,
mgr,
hiredate,
sal,
comm,
deptno
)
VALUES
(
p_empno,
p_ename,
p_job,
p_mgr,
p_hiredate,
p_sal,
p_comm,
p_deptno
);
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE ins_emp(
p_empno IN NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_mgr IN NUMBER,
p_hiredate IN DATE,
p_sal IN NUMBER,
p_comm IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO emp (
empno,
ename,
job,
mgr,
hiredate,
sal,
comm,
deptno
)
VALUES
(
p_empno,
p_ename,
p_job,
p_mgr,
p_hiredate,
p_sal,
p_comm,
p_deptno
);
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployees (
@IN first_name AS VARCHAR(255),
IN last_name VARCHAR(255),
IN email VARCHAR(255),
IN job_title VARCHAR(255)
)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (first_name, last_name, email, job_title)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, email, job_title);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployees (
IN first_name VARCHAR(255),
IN last_name VARCHAR(255),
IN email VARCHAR(255),
IN job_title VARCHAR(255)
)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (first_name, last_name, email, job_title)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, email, job_title);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF v_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET name = 'John Doe' WHERE id = @v_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name INTO v_id, v_name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF v_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET name = 'John Doe' WHERE id = v_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@cust_id IN AS NUMBER, out_orders OUT SYS_REFCURSOR) AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
END;
DECLARE
@cust_id FLOAT := 1;
orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
dbo.get_customer_orders(@cust_id, orders);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH orders INTO @c_id, @order_num;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer ID: ' + isnull(c_id, '') + ', Order Number: ' + isnull(order_num, ''));
END;
CLOSE orders;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(cust_id IN NUMBER, out_orders OUT SYS_REFCURSOR) AS
BEGIN
OPEN out_orders FOR
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
END;
DECLARE
cust_id NUMBER := 1;
orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
get_customer_orders(cust_id, orders);
LOOP
FETCH orders INTO c_id, order_num;
EXIT WHEN orders%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer ID: ' || c_id || ', Order Number: ' || order_num);
END LOOP;
CLOSE orders;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_empno SET @NUMBER = 7788;
v_salary NUMBER;
*** the employee
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
*** oyee exists
IF v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
END
*** of the employee
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_empno NUMBER := 7788;
v_salary NUMBER;
-- Get the salary of the employee
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
-- Check if the employee exists
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
END IF;
-- Update the salary of the employee
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@ERROR <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error updating salary', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQLCODE <> 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error updating salary');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_demo', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_demo;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_demo(
@in_param IN AS VARCHAR2,
out_param OUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @out_param = in_param;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @out_param = 'No data found';
END
END sp_demo;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_demo(
in_param IN VARCHAR2,
out_param OUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT in_param INTO out_param FROM dual;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
out_param := 'No data found';
END sp_demo;
|
DECLARE
@v_num_rows FLOAT;
v_last_name dbo.VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_num_rows = COUNT(*) FROM emp;
IF @v_num_rows > 0 BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 @v_last_name = last_name FROM emp;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First employee last name: ' + isnull(v_last_name, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in the table');
END
END; | DECLARE
v_num_rows NUMBER;
v_last_name VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_num_rows FROM emp;
IF v_num_rows > 0 THEN
SELECT last_name INTO v_last_name FROM emp WHERE rownum = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First employee last name: ' || v_last_name);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in the table');
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('sample_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sample_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sample_proc(@param1 IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @var1 VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE @var2 DATE;
DECLARE @var3 DECIMAL(10,2);
SET @var1 = 'Hello, World!';
SET @var2 = GETDATE();
SET @var3 = param1 * 2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('var1 = ' + isnull(@var1, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('var2 = ' + isnull(@var2, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('var3 = ' + isnull(@var3, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END sample_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sample_proc(param1 IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE var1 VARCHAR2(20);
DECLARE var2 DATE;
DECLARE var3 NUMBER(10,2);
var1 := 'Hello, World!';
var2 := SYSDATE;
var3 := param1 * 2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('var1 = ' || var1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('var2 = ' || var2);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('var3 = ' || var3);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END sample_proc;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SCOTT';
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SCOTT';
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
ELSE
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('proc_update_emp', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE proc_update_emp;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_update_emp(@empno IN AS NUMBER, sal IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + (sal * ?/100)
WHERE empno = empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc_update_emp(empno IN NUMBER, sal IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + (sal * ?/100)
WHERE empno = empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
*** ion
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
*** nformation using dynamic SQL
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'SELECT emp_id, emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = :id', N'@IN',
@IN OUT @v_emp_id, OUT v_emp_name;
*** ment to handle no data found scenario
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 No employee found with ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
*** nformation using dynamic SQL
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'UPDATE employees SET emp_name = :name WHERE emp_id = :id', N'@IN',
@IN OUT v_emp_name, IN OUT @v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
*** n to demonstrate error handling
IF v_emp_name = 'John Doe' BEGIN
RAISERROR('-30000 Cannot update employee name', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
-- Variable declaration
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
-- Select employee information using dynamic SQL
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT emp_id, emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = :id'
USING IN OUT v_emp_id, OUT v_emp_name;
-- Conditional statement to handle no data found scenario
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'No employee found with ID: ' || v_emp_id);
END IF;
-- Update employee information using dynamic SQL
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'UPDATE employees SET emp_name = :name WHERE emp_id = :id'
USING IN OUT v_emp_name, IN OUT v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Raise an exception to demonstrate error handling
IF v_emp_name = 'John Doe' THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-30000, 'Cannot update employee name');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@x FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
BEGIN
SET @x = @x / 0;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
RAISERROR('-20000 Division by zero', 16, 1);
END;
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 5 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Iteration ' + isnull(i, '') + ': x = ' + isnull(@x, ''));
SET @x = @x * 2;
END;
INSERT INTO my_table (value) VALUES (@x);
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
x NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
BEGIN
x := x / 0;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Division by zero');
END;
FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Iteration ' || i || ': x = ' || x);
x := x * 2;
END LOOP;
INSERT INTO my_table (value) VALUES (x);
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('decrement_stock', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE decrement_stock;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE decrement_stock(@product_id IN AS NUMBER, quantity IN NUMBER)
IS
new_stock NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @new_stock = stock FROM products WHERE product_id = product_id;
IF new_stock < quantity BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Insufficient stock', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE products SET stock = stock - quantity WHERE product_id = product_id;
END
END decrement_stock;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE decrement_stock(product_id IN NUMBER, quantity IN NUMBER)
IS
new_stock NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT stock INTO new_stock FROM products WHERE product_id = product_id;
IF new_stock < quantity THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Insufficient stock');
ELSE
UPDATE products SET stock = stock - quantity WHERE product_id = product_id;
END IF;
END decrement_stock;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_name IN VARCHAR2,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET name = new_name,
salary = new_salary
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee update failed', 16, 1);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
new_name IN VARCHAR2,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET name = new_name,
salary = new_salary
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee update failed');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_sal_incr(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
inc_amt IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + inc_amt
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/ | CREATE PROCEDURE emp_sal_incr(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
inc_amt IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + inc_amt
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/ |
DECLARE
@l_num FLOAT;
l_result BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
SET @l_num = 10;
SET @l_result = @l_num > 5;
IF l_result
BEGIN
*** l_num is greater than 5
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = 1;
END;
ELSE
*** l_num is less than or equal to 5
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('l_num is less than or equal to 5');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
l_num NUMBER;
l_result BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
l_num := 10;
l_result := l_num > 5;
IF l_result THEN
BEGIN
-- Do something when l_num is greater than 5
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = 1;
END;
ELSE
-- Do something when l_num is less than or equal to 5
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('l_num is less than or equal to 5');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|