sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders
(
@IN customerId AS NUMBER
)
AS
CURSOR c_orders
IS
SELECT
*
FROM Orders
WHERE
customer_id = customerId;
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@rec_order_id);
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' + ISNULL(customerId, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders
(
IN customerId NUMBER
)
AS
CURSOR c_orders
IS
SELECT
*
FROM Orders
WHERE
customer_id = customerId;
BEGIN
FOR rec IN c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(rec.order_id);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' || customerId);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE cursor1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM table1;
BEGIN
DECLARE record CURSOR FOR cursor1 OPEN record;
FETCH record INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
UPDATE table2 SET col1 = @record_col1 WHERE col2 = @record_col2;
FETCH record INTO;
END;
CLOSE record;
DEALLOCATE record;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN NULL;
END -- si... ***
END;
INSERT INTO table3 (col1, col2) VALUES (10, 'test');
IF NOT INSERTED BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Insert failed', 16, 1);
END
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE cursor1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM table1;
BEGIN
FOR record IN cursor1 LOOP
UPDATE table2 SET col1 = record.col1 WHERE col2 = record.col2;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN NULL; -- silent failure
END;
INSERT INTO table3 (col1, col2) VALUES (10, 'test');
IF NOT INSERTED THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Insert failed');
END IF;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('TestProc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE TestProc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE TestProc (
@IN param1 AS @IN VARCHAR2,
INOUT param2 IN OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT param3 OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
*** clarations
DECLARE
@v_temp VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
*** ameter values to local variables
SET @v_temp = param2;
SET @param2 = param1;
SET @param1 = @v_temp;
*** sing
SET @param3 = 'Processed';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE TestProc (
IN param1 IN VARCHAR2,
INOUT param2 IN OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT param3 OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
-- Local variable declarations
DECLARE
v_temp VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
-- Assignment of parameter values to local variables
v_temp := param2;
param2 := param1;
param1 := v_temp;
-- Additional processing
param3 := 'Processed';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerInfo(@CustomerID INT)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @CustomerName NVARCHAR(100), @Balance MONEY;
SELECT @CustomerName = CustomerName,
@Balance = Balance
FROM dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerID = @CustomerID;
IF @CustomerName IS NULL
BEGIN
RAISERROR('Customer not found.', 16, 1);
END;
PRINT 'Customer Name: ' + @CustomerName + ', Balance: ' + STR(@Balance) + dbo.CHAR(10);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerInfo(@CustomerID INT)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @CustomerName NVARCHAR(100), @Balance MONEY;
SELECT @CustomerName = CustomerName,
@Balance = Balance
FROM dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerID = @CustomerID;
IF @CustomerName IS NULL
BEGIN
RAISERROR('Customer not found.', 16, 1);
END;
PRINT 'Customer Name: ' + @CustomerName + ', Balance: ' + STR(@Balance) + CHAR(10);
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
score number;
grade dbo.varchar2(1);
-- As... ***
set @score = 85;
-- De... ***
IF score >= 90 BEGIN
set @grade = 'A';
END
ELSE IF score >= 80 BEGIN
set @grade = 'B';
END
ELSE IF score >= 70 BEGIN
set @grade = 'C';
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @grade = 'F';
END
-- Ou... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Score: ' + isnull(convert(varchar, score), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Grade: ' + isnull(grade, ''));
EXCEPTION
-- Ha... ***
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
score number;
grade varchar2(1);
-- Assign a score
score := 85;
-- Determine the grade
IF score >= 90 THEN
grade := 'A';
ELSIF score >= 80 THEN
grade := 'B';
ELSIF score >= 70 THEN
grade := 'C';
ELSE
grade := 'F';
END IF;
-- Output the grade
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Score: ' || to_char(score));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Grade: ' || grade);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
-- De... ***
@emp_id FLOAT;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** a query
SELECT employee_id, employee_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50;
*** ow of data
FETCH cursor_name INTO @emp_id, @emp_name, @salary;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
*** ata
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, salary), ''));
FETCH cursor_name INTO @emp_id, @emp_name, @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK; *** cursor
END;
CLOSE cursor_name;
-- Er... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for the given criteria.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
-- Declare variables
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Open a cursor for a query
OPEN cursor_name FOR
SELECT employee_id, employee_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50;
-- Fetch the first row of data
FETCH cursor_name INTO emp_id, emp_name, salary;
LOOP
-- Process the row data
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || TO_CHAR(salary));
FETCH cursor_name INTO emp_id, emp_name, salary;
EXIT WHEN cursor_name%NOTFOUND; -- Check for end of cursor
END LOOP;
CLOSE cursor_name;
EXCEPTION
-- Error handling
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for the given criteria.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_totals(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET total_sales = (
SELECT SUM(sales) FROM sales WHERE emp_id = emp_id
) WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_totals(emp_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET total_sales = (
SELECT SUM(sales) FROM sales WHERE emp_id = emp_id
) WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_sal NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
v_result BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_sal = sal
FROM emp
WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_sal > 5000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 1000;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 500;
END
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal + v_bonus
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
SELECT @v_result = COUNT(*) FROM emp WHERE sal > 6000;
IF v_result BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Too many employees with high salary', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_sal NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
v_result BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, sal
INTO v_emp_id, v_sal
FROM emp
WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_sal > 5000 THEN
v_bonus := 1000;
ELSE
v_bonus := 500;
END IF;
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal + v_bonus
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_result FROM emp WHERE sal > 6000;
IF v_result THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Too many employees with high salary');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('delete_old_data', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE delete_old_data;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE delete_old_data(
@old_date DATE
) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE date_column < @old_date;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_total_sales', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_total_sales;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_sales()
RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @total_sales FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(sales)
FROM sales_table;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN 0;
END
END;
RETURN @total_sales;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table_name (id, name, age)
VALUES (1, 'John', 25);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE table_name
SET age = age + 1
WHERE id = 2;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
END;
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE id = 3;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE delete_old_data(
old_date DATE
) AS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE date_column < old_date;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_total_sales()
RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
DECLARE total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(sales)
INTO total_sales
FROM sales_table;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
RETURN total_sales;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table_name (id, name, age)
VALUES (1, 'John', 25);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE table_name
SET age = age + 1
WHERE id = 2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE id = 3;
END;
|
BEGIN
IF condition BEGIN
raiserror('-20000 Error message', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = ' || empno;
EXIT WHEN NOT FOUND;
END;
COMMIT;
END
END; | BEGIN
IF condition THEN
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Error message');
ELSE
LOOP
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = ' || empno;
EXIT WHEN NOT FOUND;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END IF;
END; |
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @balance = balance FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN balance;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(customer_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO balance FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN balance;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails (
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER
)
AS
v_employee_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_department_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_employee_name = employee_name, @v_department_name = department_name
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE e.employee_id = p_employee_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_employee_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Name: ' + isnull(v_department_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given ID.');
END
END GetEmployeeDetails;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails (
p_employee_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
v_employee_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_department_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_name, department_name
INTO v_employee_name, v_department_name
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE e.employee_id = p_employee_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_employee_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Name: ' || v_department_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given ID.');
END GetEmployeeDetails;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Iteration: ' + isnull(i, ''));
END;
IF i = 10 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop completed successfully');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop terminated prematurely');
END
END; | BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Iteration: ' || i);
END LOOP;
IF i = 10 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop completed successfully');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop terminated prematurely');
END IF;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, order_total
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE o CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@o_order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + isnull(@o_order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Total: ' + isnull(@o_order_total, ''));
FETCH o INTO;
END;
CLOSE o;
DEALLOCATE o;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(p_customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, order_total
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
BEGIN
FOR o IN c_orders LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || o.order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || o.order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Total: ' || o.order_total);
END LOOP;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@VAR1 FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
IF @VAR1 > 5 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VAR1 is greater than 5');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VAR1 is less than or equal to 5');
END
SET @VAR1 = @VAR1 + 1;
IF @VAR1 > 10 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VAR1 is now greater than 10');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An exception occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END
END; | DECLARE
VAR1 NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
IF VAR1 > 5 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VAR1 is greater than 5');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VAR1 is less than or equal to 5');
END IF;
VAR1 := VAR1 + 1;
IF VAR1 > 10 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VAR1 is now greater than 10');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An exception occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END; |
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF @v_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET name = isnull(v_name, '') + ' (updated)' WHERE id = @v_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
/ | BEGIN
DECLARE v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name INTO v_id, v_name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF v_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET name = v_name || ' (updated)' WHERE id = v_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('create_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE create_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE create_employee(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_commission_pct IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
*** oyee into the database
INSERT INTO employees (
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
commission_pct,
manager_id
)
VALUES (
p_employee_id,
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_phone_number,
p_hire_date,
p_job_id,
p_salary,
p_commission_pct,
p_manager_id
);
END;
/
DECLARE
*** to store employee information
@l_employee_id FLOAT;
l_first_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
l_last_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
*** rmation from the user
SELECT @l_employee_id = employee_id, @l_first_name = first_name, @l_last_name = last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
*** formation
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@l_employee_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('First Name: ' + isnull(l_first_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Last Name: ' + isnull(l_last_name, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE create_employee(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_commission_pct IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
-- Insert a new employee into the database
INSERT INTO employees (
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
commission_pct,
manager_id
)
VALUES (
p_employee_id,
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_phone_number,
p_hire_date,
p_job_id,
p_salary,
p_commission_pct,
p_manager_id
);
END;
/
DECLARE
-- Declare variables to store employee information
l_employee_id NUMBER;
l_first_name VARCHAR2(255);
l_last_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
-- Get employee information from the user
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
INTO l_employee_id, l_first_name, l_last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
-- Print employee information
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee ID: ' || l_employee_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('First Name: ' || l_first_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Last Name: ' || l_last_name);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id, @emp_name = employee_name, @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = :id;
IF salary < 2000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, employee_name, salary
INTO emp_id, emp_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = :id;
IF salary < 2000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id, @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Doe';
IF salary > 50000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
END
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary INTO emp_id, salary FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Doe';
IF salary > 50000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE customers(id FLOAT, name VARCHAR(20), PRIMARY KEY(id));
CREATE PROCEDURE add_customer(@p_id IN AS NUMBER, p_name IN VARCHAR2)
AS
l_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
set @l_id = p_id;
IF l_id <= 0 BEGIN
raiserror('-20001 Customer ID must be positive', 16, 1);
END
INSERT INTO customers(id, name)
VALUES (l_id, p_name);
COMMIT;
END add_customer;
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_name(@p_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
l_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @l_name = name
FROM customers
WHERE id = p_id;
RETURN l_name;
END get_customer_name;
DECLARE
@l_id FLOAT := 1;
l_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
dbo.add_customer(@l_id, 'John Doe');
SET @l_name = dbo.get_customer_name(@l_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Customer name: ' + isnull(l_name, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE TABLE customers(id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(20), PRIMARY KEY(id));
CREATE PROCEDURE add_customer(p_id IN NUMBER, p_name IN VARCHAR2)
AS
l_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
l_id := p_id;
IF l_id <= 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Customer ID must be positive');
END IF;
INSERT INTO customers(id, name)
VALUES (l_id, p_name);
COMMIT;
END add_customer;
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_name(p_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
l_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT name
INTO l_name
FROM customers
WHERE id = p_id;
RETURN l_name;
END get_customer_name;
DECLARE
l_id NUMBER := 1;
l_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
add_customer(l_id, 'John Doe');
l_name := get_customer_name(l_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Customer name: ' || l_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds (
@sender_account_id IN AS NUMBER,
recipient_account_id IN NUMBER,
amount IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_id = sender_account_id;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_id = recipient_account_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds (
sender_account_id IN NUMBER,
recipient_account_id IN NUMBER,
amount IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_id = sender_account_id;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_id = recipient_account_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
raiserror('-20000 Employee with ID ' + isnull(emp_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Employee with ID ' || emp_id || ' not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 101;
v_emp_name VARCHAR(25);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END;
/ | DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 101;
v_emp_name VARCHAR(25);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
END;
/ |
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT := 10000;
BEGIN
BEGIN
*** y 10%
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = 1;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Lo... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred during salary update.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
*** w salary
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
*** alary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @v_salary), ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER := 10000;
BEGIN
BEGIN
-- Increase salary by 10%
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = 1;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Log error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred during salary update.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
-- Get employee's new salary
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
-- Display the new salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' || TO_CHAR(v_salary));
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
IF v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 No data found for employee: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; | DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'No data found for employee: ' || v_emp_id);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_empno SMALLINT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
v_job dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
v_sal ROW_NUMBER(7,2);
v_comm ROW_NUMBER(7,2) DEFAULT 0;
v_max_sal ROW_NUMBER(7,2);
v_min_sal ROW_NUMBER(7,2);
v_avg_sal ROW_NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
SELECT
@v_empno = e.empno,
@v_ename = e.ename,
@v_job = e.job,
@v_sal = e.sal,
@v_comm = e.comm
FROM emp e
WHERE
e.empno = 7369;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(v_ename, '') + ' earns ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_sal), '') + ' per month');
SELECT
@v_max_sal = MAX(sal),
@v_min_sal = MIN(sal),
@v_avg_sal = AVG(sal)
FROM emp;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The maximum salary is ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_max_sal), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The minimum salary is ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_min_sal), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The average salary is ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_avg_sal), ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER(4);
v_ename VARCHAR2(10);
v_job VARCHAR2(10);
v_sal NUMBER(7,2);
v_comm NUMBER(7,2) DEFAULT 0;
v_max_sal NUMBER(7,2);
v_min_sal NUMBER(7,2);
v_avg_sal NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
SELECT
e.empno,
e.ename,
e.job,
e.sal,
e.comm
INTO
v_empno,
v_ename,
v_job,
v_sal,
v_comm
FROM emp e
WHERE
e.empno = 7369;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_ename || ' earns ' || TO_CHAR(v_sal) || ' per month');
SELECT
MAX(sal),
MIN(sal),
AVG(sal)
INTO
v_max_sal,
v_min_sal,
v_avg_sal
FROM emp;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The maximum salary is ' || TO_CHAR(v_max_sal));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The minimum salary is ' || TO_CHAR(v_min_sal));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The average salary is ' || TO_CHAR(v_avg_sal));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('proc_name', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE proc_name;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name (
@param1 IN AS NUMBER,
param2 IN VARCHAR2
)
IS
var1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @var1 = COUNT(*) FROM t1 WHERE col1 = param1;
IF var1 = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Record not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE t1 SET col2 = param2 WHERE col1 = param1;
END proc_name;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc_name (
param1 IN NUMBER,
param2 IN VARCHAR2
)
IS
var1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO var1 FROM t1 WHERE col1 = param1;
IF var1 = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Record not found');
END IF;
UPDATE t1 SET col2 = param2 WHERE col1 = param1;
END proc_name;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@emp_id FLOAT)
RETURNS employeeDECLARE %ROWTYPE
BEGIN IS
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_id = emp_id);
END;
/
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT)
AS
salary_updated NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary_updated = salary FROM employee WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
UPDATE employee SET salary = new_salary WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
IF salary_updated <> new_salary BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary update failed.', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
new_salary SET @NUMBER = 2000;
emp_details employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SET @emp_details = dbo.get_employee_details(@emp_id);
dbo.update_employee_salary(@emp_id, new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
/
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(emp_id NUMBER)
RETURN employee%ROWTYPE IS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_id = emp_id);
END;
/
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER)
IS
salary_updated NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary_updated FROM employee WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
UPDATE employee SET salary = new_salary WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
IF salary_updated <> new_salary THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary update failed.');
END IF;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
new_salary NUMBER := 2000;
emp_details employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
emp_details := get_employee_details(emp_id);
update_employee_salary(emp_id, new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = 7839;
IF v_ename IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7839;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(v_ename, '') + ' salary updated.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_ename FROM emp WHERE empno = 7839;
IF v_ename IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7839;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_ename || ' salary updated.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (
id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
product_id FLOAT,
quantity FLOAT,
order_date DATE
);
CREATE TABLE products (
id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255),
price FLOAT
);
INSERT INTO orders (id, product_id, quantity, order_date) VALUES (1, 1, 2, GETDATE());
INSERT INTO orders (id, product_id, quantity, order_date) VALUES (2, 2, 1, GETDATE());
IF OBJECT_ID('get_total_cost', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_total_cost;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_cost (@order_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @total_cost FLOAT;
SELECT @total_cost = SUM(price * quantity)
FROM products p
JOIN orders o ON p.id = o.product_id
WHERE o.id = @order_id;
RETURN @total_cost;
END;
DECLARE @total_cost FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @total_cost = dbo.get_total_cost(1);
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET quantity = quantity + 1
WHERE id = 1;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
COMMIT;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (
id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
product_id NUMBER,
quantity NUMBER,
order_date DATE
);
CREATE TABLE products (
id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(255),
price NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO orders (id, product_id, quantity, order_date) VALUES (1, 1, 2, SYSDATE);
INSERT INTO orders (id, product_id, quantity, order_date) VALUES (2, 2, 1, SYSDATE);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_total_cost (order_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
total_cost NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(price * quantity)
INTO total_cost
FROM products p
JOIN orders o ON p.id = o.product_id
WHERE o.id = order_id;
RETURN total_cost;
END;
DECLARE total_cost NUMBER;
BEGIN
total_cost := get_total_cost(1);
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET quantity = quantity + 1
WHERE id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
NULL;
END;
COMMIT;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
raiserror('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Salary updated successfully for ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No employee found with ID ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An unexpected error occurred');
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_emp_name IS NULL THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Salary updated successfully for ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No employee found with ID ' || v_emp_id);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An unexpected error occurred');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details (
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
out_ename OUT VARCHAR2,
out_sal OUT NUMBER
)
IS
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename, @v_sal = sal FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
set @out_ename = v_ename;
set @out_sal = v_sal;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @out_ename = 'N/A';
set @out_sal = 0;
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details (
emp_id IN NUMBER,
out_ename OUT VARCHAR2,
out_sal OUT NUMBER
)
IS
v_ename VARCHAR2(100);
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal INTO v_ename, v_sal FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
out_ename := v_ename;
out_sal := v_sal;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
out_ename := 'N/A';
out_sal := 0;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF @v_id IS NOT NULL BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET name = 'John Smith' WHERE id = @v_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name INTO v_id, v_name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF v_id IS NOT NULL THEN
UPDATE employees SET name = 'John Smith' WHERE id = v_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('handle_errors', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE handle_errors;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE handle_errors
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
BEGIN
*** could potentially raise an error
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred', 16, 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** gracefully
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE handle_errors
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN
-- Do something that could potentially raise an error
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error occurred');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle the error gracefully
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary
(
@empno IN AS NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary WHERE empno = empno;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary
(
empno IN NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary WHERE empno = empno;
END;
|
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Executing stored procedure...');
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 10;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Procedure executed successfully.');
END; | BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Executing stored procedure...');
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 10;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Procedure executed successfully.');
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer(@cid IN AS NUMBER, OUT CNAME VARCHAR2, OUT CONTACT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @CNAME = name, @CONTACT = contact FROM customers WHERE customer_id = cid;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @CNAME = NULL;
SET @CONTACT = NULL;
END
END;
CREATE FUNCTION calc_tax(@amt IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN amt * 0.1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN INVALID_ARGUMENT THEN
RETURN NULL; *** nvalid arguments
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE r CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM products; OPEN r;
FETCH r INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@r_product_name);
FETCH r INTO;
END;
CLOSE r;
DEALLOCATE r;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred during iteration');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer(cid IN NUMBER, OUT CNAME VARCHAR2, OUT CONTACT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT name, contact INTO CNAME, CONTACT FROM customers WHERE customer_id = cid;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
CNAME := NULL;
CONTACT := NULL;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION calc_tax(amt IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
RETURN amt * 0.1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN INVALID_ARGUMENT THEN
RETURN NULL; -- Return NULL for invalid arguments
END;
BEGIN
FOR r IN (SELECT * FROM products) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.product_name);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred during iteration');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_salary_change IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + p_salary_change
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_salary_change IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + p_salary_change
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@TYPE MyRecordType IS RECORD (
id NUMBER,
name dbo.VARCHAR2(100),
created_date DATE
);
BEGIN
*** e of the custom type
my_record MyRecordType;
*** s values
SET @my_record.id = 1;
SET @my_record.name = 'John Doe';
SET @my_record.created_date = GETDATE();
*** into a table
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, created_date)
VALUES (my_record.id, my_record.name, my_record.created_date);
*** 's name
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'Jane Doe'
WHERE id = my_record.id;
-- De... ***
DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id = my_record.id;
EXCEPTION
*** that occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | DECLARE
TYPE MyRecordType IS RECORD (
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(100),
created_date DATE
);
BEGIN
-- Declare a variable of the custom type
my_record MyRecordType;
-- Set the variable's values
my_record.id := 1;
my_record.name := 'John Doe';
my_record.created_date := SYSDATE;
-- Insert the record into a table
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, created_date)
VALUES (my_record.id, my_record.name, my_record.created_date);
-- Update the record's name
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'Jane Doe'
WHERE id = my_record.id;
-- Delete the record
DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id = my_record.id;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_num = 10;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
EXIT WHEN v_num > 20;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@v_num);
SET @v_num = @v_num + 1;
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_num := 10;
LOOP
EXIT WHEN v_num > 20;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num);
v_num := v_num + 1;
END LOOP;
END;
|
DECLARE
@x FLOAT := 10;
y SET @NUMBER = 20;
BEGIN
IF @x > y BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 x is greater than y', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 20;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
x NUMBER := 10;
y NUMBER := 20;
BEGIN
IF x > y THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'x is greater than y');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE department_id = 20;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_name VARCHAR(100);
SELECT @v_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = @id;
RETURN @v_name;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT := 1;
v_name SET @VARCHAR2 = dbo.get_employee_name(@v_id);
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_name, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error getting employee name: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name
INTO v_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = id;
RETURN v_name;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER := 1;
v_name VARCHAR2 := get_employee_name(v_id);
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error getting employee name: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
/
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(@employee_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER,
department_id IN NUMBER,
manager_id IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id, employee_name, salary, department_id, manager_id)
VALUES ((SELECT MAX(employee_id) + 1 FROM employees), employee_name, salary, department_id, manager_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20000 Duplicate employee name exists', 16, 1);
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 100 BEGIN
dbo.add_employee('Employee ' + isnull(i, ''), i * 1000, 10, NULL);
END;
END;
/
DECLARE
@total_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary)
FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary: ' + isnull(@total_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END
END;
/
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
/
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(employee_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER,
department_id IN NUMBER,
manager_id IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id, employee_name, salary, department_id, manager_id)
VALUES ((SELECT MAX(employee_id) + 1 FROM employees), employee_name, salary, department_id, manager_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Duplicate employee name exists');
END;
/
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 100 LOOP
add_employee('Employee ' || i, i * 1000, 10, NULL);
END LOOP;
END;
/
DECLARE
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO total_salary
FROM employees;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary: ' || total_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE employee_salary_update(@eid IN AS NUMBER, salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE employee_id = eid;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE employee_salary_update(eid IN NUMBER, salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE employee_id = eid;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@employee_id IN AS INTEGER,
salary IN NUMBER,
bonus IN NUMBER,
department_id IN INTEGER)
IS
*** ee's salary and bonus
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + salary * bonus,
bonus = 0
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
*** ee's department
UPDATE employees
SET department_id = department_id
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
*** n if the employee does not exist
IF SQL%NOTFOUND BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** saction
ROLLBACK;
-- Ra... ***
RAISE;
END update_employee;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
employee_id IN INTEGER,
salary IN NUMBER,
bonus IN NUMBER,
department_id IN INTEGER)
IS
-- Update the employee's salary and bonus
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + salary * bonus,
bonus = 0
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
-- Update the employee's department
UPDATE employees
SET department_id = department_id
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
-- Raise an exception if the employee does not exist
IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback the transaction
ROLLBACK;
-- Raise the exception
RAISE;
END update_employee;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id FLOAT REFERENCES customers(customer_id),
total_amount FLOAT,
order_date DATE
);
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, total_amount, order_date) VALUES (1, 10, 100, CONVERT(DATETIME, '2022-08-10'));
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, total_amount, order_date) VALUES (2, 15, 150, CONVERT(DATETIME, '2022-08-15'));
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, total_amount, order_date) VALUES (3, 12, 120, CONVERT(DATETIME, '2022-08-12'));
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE total_amount > 100;
DROP TABLE orders;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER
AS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END;
CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id NUMBER REFERENCES customers(customer_id),
total_amount NUMBER,
order_date DATE
);
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, total_amount, order_date) VALUES (1, 10, 100, TO_DATE('2022-08-10', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, total_amount, order_date) VALUES (2, 15, 150, TO_DATE('2022-08-15', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, total_amount, order_date) VALUES (3, 12, 120, TO_DATE('2022-08-12', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE total_amount > 100;
DROP TABLE orders;
|
DECLARE
-- Va... ***
@v_empno FLOAT := 7566;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** salary
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno;
*** 10% of salary)
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.1;
*** bonus
UPDATE emp SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE empno = @v_empno;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
-- Ou... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus updated successfully.');
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
-- Variables
v_empno NUMBER := 7566;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Fetch employee's salary
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Calculate bonus (10% of salary)
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
-- Update employee's bonus
UPDATE emp SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Output status
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@emp_no FLOAT;
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_no = COUNT(*) FROM emp;
IF @emp_no = 0 BEGIN
SET @sal = 0;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @sal = ((SELECT SUM(sal) FROM emp) / @emp_no);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(sal);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_no NUMBER;
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO emp_no FROM emp;
IF emp_no = 0 THEN
sal := 0;
ELSE
sal := ((SELECT SUM(sal) FROM emp) / emp_no);
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(sal);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_emp_id DECIMAL(19,4) /* Use -meta option emp.emp_id%TYPE */;
DECLARE @v_sal VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option emp.salary%TYPE */;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_sal = salary
FROM emp
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF @v_sal > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET salary = @v_sal * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too low for raise', 16, 1);
END
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE v_emp_id emp.emp_id%TYPE;
DECLARE v_sal emp.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_sal
FROM emp
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF v_sal > 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_sal * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too low for raise');
END IF;
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('average_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION average_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION average_salary(@dept_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
total_salary SET @NUMBER = 0;
num_employees SET @NUMBER = 0;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary) COUNT(*) INTO num_employees
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = dept_id;
IF num_employees = 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL; *** there are no employees in the department
END
ELSE BEGIN
RETURN total_salary / num_employees;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION average_salary(dept_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
total_salary NUMBER := 0;
num_employees NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO total_salary, COUNT(*) INTO num_employees
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = dept_id;
IF num_employees = 0 THEN
RETURN NULL; -- Handle case where there are no employees in the department
ELSE
RETURN total_salary / num_employees;
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50) := 'John Smith';
BEGIN
IF @emp_id IS NOT NULL BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET emp_name = emp_name WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name) VALUES (@emp_id, emp_name);
END
SELECT emp_name FROM employees WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id INTO emp_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_name);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unknown error occurred.');
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'John Smith';
BEGIN
IF emp_id IS NOT NULL THEN
UPDATE employees SET emp_name = emp_name WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
ELSE
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name) VALUES (emp_id, emp_name);
END IF;
SELECT emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id INTO emp_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unknown error occurred.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('random_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION random_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION random_employee_details(@num_employees IN INTEGERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
emp_data SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT TOP NUM_EMPLOYEES *
FROM employees
ORDER BY DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE()
;
RETURN emp_data;
END random_employee_details;
DECLARE
@emp_data SYS_REFCURSOR;
num_employees SET @INTEGER = 10;
BEGIN
SET @emp_data = dbo.random_employee_details(num_employees);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH emp_data INTO @emp_id, @emp_name, @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(emp_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(emp_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END;
CLOSE emp_data;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION random_employee_details(num_employees IN INTEGER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
emp_data SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_data FOR
SELECT *
FROM employees
ORDER BY DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE()
LIMIT num_employees;
RETURN emp_data;
END random_employee_details;
DECLARE
emp_data SYS_REFCURSOR;
num_employees INTEGER := 10;
BEGIN
emp_data := random_employee_details(num_employees);
LOOP
FETCH emp_data INTO emp_id, emp_name, salary;
EXIT WHEN emp_data%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_id || ' ' || emp_name || ' ' || salary);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_data;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@salary DECIMAL(10,2) := 30000;
BEGIN
IF @salary > 20000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('High salary');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Low salary');
END
WHILE @salary > 10000 BEGIN
SET @salary = @salary * 0.9;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary decreased to ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @salary), ''));
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
DECLARE
salary NUMBER(10,2) := 30000;
BEGIN
IF salary > 20000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('High salary');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Low salary');
END IF;
WHILE salary > 10000 LOOP
salary := salary * 0.9;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary decreased to ' || TO_CHAR(salary));
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = employee_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 No matching employee found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id INTO v_empno FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'No matching employee found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empid FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empid = empid, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE empid = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary is greater than 10000.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary is not greater than 10000.');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empid NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empid, salary
INTO v_empid, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empid = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary is greater than 10000.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary is not greater than 10000.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@TYPE EMPLOYEE_T IS RECORD (
EMPNO NUMBER,
ENAME dbo.VARCHAR2(10)
);
CURSOR C_EMPLOYEES IS
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM EMP;
BEGIN
DECLARE REC CURSOR FOR C_EMPLOYEES LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@REC_ENAME);
FETCH REC INTO;
END;
CLOSE REC;
DEALLOCATE REC;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END
END; | DECLARE
TYPE EMPLOYEE_T IS RECORD (
EMPNO NUMBER,
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
);
CURSOR C_EMPLOYEES IS
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM EMP;
BEGIN
FOR REC IN C_EMPLOYEES LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(REC.ENAME);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END; |
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(@@ERROR, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLCODE);
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END; | DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END; |
BEGIN
-- De... ***
l_empno NUMBER;
l_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
l_sal NUMBER;
l_deptno NUMBER;
-- Pr... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Enter employee number: ');
set @l_empno = CAST(DBMS_INPUT.GET_LINE AS FLOAT);
-- Qu... ***
SELECT @l_ename = ename, @l_sal = sal, @l_deptno = deptno
FROM emp
WHERE empno = l_empno;
-- Di... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(l_ename, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(l_sal, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Number: ' + isnull(l_deptno, ''));
-- Ha... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
l_empno NUMBER;
l_ename VARCHAR2(20);
l_sal NUMBER;
l_deptno NUMBER;
-- Prompt for input
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Enter employee number: ');
l_empno := TO_NUMBER(DBMS_INPUT.GET_LINE);
-- Query the database
SELECT ename, sal, deptno
INTO l_ename, l_sal, l_deptno
FROM emp
WHERE empno = l_empno;
-- Display the results
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || l_ename);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || l_sal);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Number: ' || l_deptno);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (@p_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET my_col = my_col + 1 WHERE id = p_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('my_func', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION my_func;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION my_func (@p_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT my_col FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_table (id, my_col) VALUES (i, i);
END;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (p_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET my_col = my_col + 1 WHERE id = p_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION my_func (p_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT my_col FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id);
END;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
INSERT INTO my_table (id, my_col) VALUES (i, i);
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE create_table(
@table_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
column_name1 IN VARCHAR2,
column_type1 IN VARCHAR2,
column_name2 IN VARCHAR2,
column_type2 IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'CREATE TABLE ' || isnull(table_name, '') + ' (' +
isnull(column_name1, '') + ' ' + isnull(column_type1, '') + ', ' +
isnull(column_name2, '') + ' ' + isnull(column_type2, '') + ')';
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(
@employee_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@employee_id FLOAT;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @employee_id = 100;
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@employee_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with ID ' + isnull(@employee_id, '') + ' has salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN INVALID_ID THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid employee ID: ' + isnull(@employee_id, ''));
END;
END;
|
PROCEDURE create_table(
table_name IN VARCHAR2,
column_name1 IN VARCHAR2,
column_type1 IN VARCHAR2,
column_name2 IN VARCHAR2,
column_type2 IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE ' || table_name || ' (' ||
column_name1 || ' ' || column_type1 || ', ' ||
column_name2 || ' ' || column_type2 || ')';
END;
FUNCTION get_employee_salary(
employee_id IN NUMBER
)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
employee_id NUMBER;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
employee_id := 100;
salary := get_employee_salary(employee_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with ID ' || employee_id || ' has salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN INVALID_ID THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid employee ID: ' || employee_id);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Calculate_Totals(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(amount) FROM sales WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
UPDATE customers SET total_spent = total_sales WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error calculating totals for customer ' + isnull(customer_id, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Calculate_Totals(customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(amount) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
UPDATE customers SET total_spent = total_sales WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error calculating totals for customer ' || customer_id);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('p_s_emp', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE p_s_emp;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE p_s_emp AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE e CURSOR FOR
SELECT *
FROM emp;
OPEN e;
FETCH e INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @e_salary > 1000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET bonus = salary * 0.1
WHERE empno = @e_empno;
END
FETCH e INTO;
END;
CLOSE e;
DEALLOCATE e;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE p_s_emp AS
BEGIN
FOR e IN (
SELECT *
FROM emp
)
LOOP
IF e.salary > 1000 THEN
UPDATE emp
SET bonus = salary * 0.1
WHERE empno = e.empno;
END IF;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @emp_salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(100);
IF @emp_salary IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
END
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_salary := get_employee_salary(100);
IF emp_salary IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || emp_salary);
END IF;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('delete_duplicates', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE delete_duplicates;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE delete_duplicates
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DELETE FROM tbl
WHERE id IN (
SELECT id
FROM (
SELECT id,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY field1, field2 ORDER BY id) AS rn
FROM tbl
) AS t
WHERE rn > 1
);
COMMIT;
END;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_max_id(@tbl_name VARCHAR(4000)) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @ret FLOAT;
SELECT @ret = MAX(id) FROM tbl_name;
RETURN @ret;
END;
GO
DECLARE
@emp_sal FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_sal = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF @emp_sal IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee with ID 100 not found', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(ISNULL(@@ERROR, '') + ' - ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE delete_duplicates
AS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM tbl
WHERE id IN (
SELECT id
FROM (
SELECT id,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY field1, field2 ORDER BY id) AS rn
FROM tbl
) AS t
WHERE rn > 1
);
COMMIT;
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION get_max_id(tbl_name VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER IS
ret NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(id) INTO ret FROM tbl_name;
RETURN ret;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO emp_sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF emp_sal IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee with ID 100 not found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE || ' - ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE order_row CURSOR FOR c_orders LOOP
*** r row
FETCH order_row INTO;
END;
CLOSE order_row;
DEALLOCATE order_row;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
dbo.get_customer_orders(10);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
END
*** und exception
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
FOR order_row IN c_orders LOOP
-- Process each order row
END LOOP;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
get_customer_orders(10);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle no data found exception
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
v_total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** rmation
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_salary = salary, @v_bonus = bonus
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
*** alary
SET @v_total_salary = v_salary + v_bonus;
*** information and total salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus: ' + isnull(v_bonus, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Salary: ' + isnull(v_total_salary, ''));
-- Ha... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
v_total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get employee information
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary, bonus
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary, v_bonus
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
-- Calculate total salary
v_total_salary := v_salary + v_bonus;
-- Display employee information and total salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus: ' || v_bonus);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Salary: ' || v_total_salary);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name FROM table_name WHERE id = 1;
IF @v_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Record not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE table_name SET name = 'New Name' WHERE id = @v_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Record updated successfully.');
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found to update.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred during the update operation.');
END;
|
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name INTO v_id, v_name FROM table_name WHERE id = 1;
IF v_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Record not found');
END IF;
UPDATE table_name SET name = 'New Name' WHERE id = v_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Record updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found to update.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred during the update operation.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_employee_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_employee_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with ID ' + isnull(@v_employee_id, '') + ' has a high salary.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with ID ' + isnull(@v_employee_id, '') + ' has a low salary.');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 100.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_employee_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_employee_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with ID ' || v_employee_id || ' has a high salary.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with ID ' || v_employee_id || ' has a low salary.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 100.');
END;
|
sql
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
*** a table
SELECT @v_ename = ename, @v_sal = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = @v_num;
*** table
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_sal + 100
WHERE empno = @v_num;
*** a table
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, sal)
VALUES (@v_num, 'New Employee', v_sal + 200);
*** a table
DELETE FROM emp
WHERE empno = @v_num;
*** tructs
IF v_sal > 5000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary is greater than 5000');
END
ELSE IF v_sal > 3000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary is greater than 3000');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary is less than 3000');
END
-- Er... ***
BEGIN
*** ll raise an error
UPDATE emp
SET sal = -100
WHERE empno = @v_num;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(@@ERROR, ''));
END;
END;
| sql
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
-- Select a row from a table
SELECT ename, sal
INTO v_ename, v_sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_num;
-- Update a row in a table
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_sal + 100
WHERE empno = v_num;
-- Insert a row into a table
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, sal)
VALUES (v_num, 'New Employee', v_sal + 200);
-- Delete a row from a table
DELETE FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_num;
-- Control flow constructs
IF v_sal > 5000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary is greater than 5000');
ELSIF v_sal > 3000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary is greater than 3000');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary is less than 3000');
END IF;
-- Error handling
BEGIN
-- This statement will raise an error
UPDATE emp
SET sal = -100
WHERE empno = v_num;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Error occurred: ' || SQLCODE);
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary (
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
l_old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_old_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF l_old_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary (
employee_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
l_old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO l_old_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF l_old_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
-- Va... ***
@v_employees FLOAT;
v_count_results NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** mber of employees
SELECT
@v_count_results = COUNT(*)
FROM
employees;
*** e any employees
IF v_count_results > 0 BEGIN
*** loyees
SELECT
@v_employees = COUNT(*)
FROM
employees;
*** mployees
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total employees: ' + isnull(@v_employees, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- No... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END
EXCEPTION
-- Ha... ***
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
-- Variables
v_employees NUMBER;
v_count_results NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Query to count number of employees
SELECT
COUNT(*) INTO v_count_results
FROM
employees;
-- Check if there are any employees
IF v_count_results > 0 THEN
-- Get number of employees
SELECT
COUNT(*) INTO v_employees
FROM
employees;
-- Print number of employees
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total employees: ' || v_employees);
ELSE
-- No employees found
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName VARCHAR(20),
LastName VARCHAR(20),
Salary DECIMAL(10,2)
);
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary)
VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 10000);
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary)
VALUES (2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 12000);
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary)
VALUES (3, 'Peter', 'Jones', 15000);
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeInfo (
@p_EmployeeID IN AS NUMBER,
OUT p_FirstName VARCHAR2,
OUT p_LastName VARCHAR2,
OUT p_Salary NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_FirstName = FirstName, @p_LastName = LastName, @p_Salary = Salary
FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = p_EmployeeID;
END;
DECLARE
@v_EmployeeID FLOAT := 1;
v_FirstName dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_LastName dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_Salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.GetEmployeeInfo(@v_EmployeeID, v_FirstName, v_LastName, v_Salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Employee Information:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('First Name: ' + ISNULL(v_FirstName, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Last Name: ' + ISNULL(v_LastName, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary: ' + ISNULL(v_Salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('No employee found with ID ' + ISNULL(@v_EmployeeID, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName VARCHAR2(20),
LastName VARCHAR2(20),
Salary NUMBER(10,2)
);
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary)
VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 10000);
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary)
VALUES (2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 12000);
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary)
VALUES (3, 'Peter', 'Jones', 15000);
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeInfo (
p_EmployeeID IN NUMBER,
OUT p_FirstName VARCHAR2,
OUT p_LastName VARCHAR2,
OUT p_Salary NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT FirstName, LastName, Salary
INTO p_FirstName, p_LastName, p_Salary
FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = p_EmployeeID;
END;
DECLARE
v_EmployeeID NUMBER := 1;
v_FirstName VARCHAR2(20);
v_LastName VARCHAR2(20);
v_Salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
GetEmployeeInfo(v_EmployeeID, v_FirstName, v_LastName, v_Salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Employee Information:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('First Name: ' || v_FirstName);
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Last Name: ' || v_LastName);
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('Salary: ' || v_Salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.Put_Line('No employee found with ID ' || v_EmployeeID);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Calculate_Bonus(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @bonus = ISNULL(SUM(salary * 0.1), 0)
FROM employee_bonus_table
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Bonus for employee ' + isnull(employee_id, '') + ' is ' + isnull(bonus, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Error calculating bonus: ' + ISNULL(@@ERROR, '') + ' - ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Calculate_Bonus(employee_id IN NUMBER)
AS
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT NVL(SUM(salary * 0.1), 0) INTO bonus
FROM employee_bonus_table
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Bonus for employee ' || employee_id || ' is ' || bonus);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Error calculating bonus: ' || SQLCODE || ' - ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_orders_count FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_orders_count = COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE order_date > GETDATE() - 30;
IF @v_orders_count > 500 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Too many orders in the last 30 days', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_orders_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_orders_count FROM orders WHERE order_date > SYSDATE - 30;
IF v_orders_count > 500 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Too many orders in the last 30 days');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid employee ID: ' + isnull(employee_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid employee ID: ' + isnull(employee_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid employee ID: ' || employee_id);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid employee ID: ' || employee_id);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('calculate_order_total', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE calculate_order_total;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_order_total(@order_id IN AS NUMBER, total_out OUT NUMBER) IS
grand_total ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @grand_total = SUM(quantity * unit_price) FROM order_details WHERE order_id = order_id;
set @total_out = grand_total;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @total_out = 0;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculate_order_total(order_id IN NUMBER, total_out OUT NUMBER) IS
grand_total NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(quantity * unit_price) INTO grand_total FROM order_details WHERE order_id = order_id;
total_out := grand_total;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
total_out := 0;
END;
|
*** rocedure
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
@p_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
*** a table
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name) VALUES (p_id, p_name);
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END;
*** rocedure
CALL my_procedure(1, 'John Doe');
-- Cr... ***
IF OBJECT_ID('my_function', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION my_function;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION my_function(
@p_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
*** a table
RETURN (SELECT name FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id);
END;
*** tement
SELECT * FROM my_table;
-- De... ***
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT := 1;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
*** the variable
SET @v_name = 'John Doe';
*** in a SQL statement
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE id = @v_id;
END;
*** w construct
IF @v_id = 1 BEGIN
-- Do... ***
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'New Name' WHERE id = @v_id;
END
-- Ha... ***
BEGIN
*** e a statement that may cause an error
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name) VALUES (NULL, NULL);
EXCEPTION
*** nd handle it
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20000 Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''), 16, 1);
END;
|
-- Create a stored procedure
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
p_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
-- Insert data into a table
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name) VALUES (p_id, p_name);
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
END;
-- Call the stored procedure
CALL my_procedure(1, 'John Doe');
-- Create a function
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION my_function(
p_id IN NUMBER
) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
-- Select data from a table
RETURN (SELECT name FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id);
END;
-- Execute a SQL statement
SELECT * FROM my_table;
-- Declare a variable
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER := 1;
v_name VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
-- Assign a value to the variable
v_name := 'John Doe';
-- Use the variable in a SQL statement
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE id = v_id;
END;
-- Use a control flow construct
IF v_id = 1 THEN
-- Do something
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'New Name' WHERE id = v_id;
END IF;
-- Handle an error
BEGIN
-- Attempt to execute a statement that may cause an error
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name) VALUES (NULL, NULL);
EXCEPTION
-- Catch the error and handle it
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE customers (
id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE,
address VARCHAR(255),
phone VARCHAR(20)
);
CREATE TABLE orders (
id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id FLOAT REFERENCES customers(id),
product_id FLOAT,
quantity FLOAT,
total_amount FLOAT,
order_date DATE
);
CREATE PROCEDURE create_order(
@customer_id IN AS NUMBER,
product_id IN NUMBER,
quantity IN NUMBER
)
IS
order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @order_id = orders_seq.nextval
;
INSERT INTO orders(
id,
customer_id,
product_id,
quantity,
total_amount,
order_date
)
VALUES(
order_id,
customer_id,
product_id,
quantity,
quantity * (
SELECT price
FROM products
WHERE id = product_id
),
GETDATE()
);
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total(@order_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total = total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE id = order_id;
RETURN total;
END;
BEGIN
<<main>>
DECLARE
@customer_id FLOAT := 1;
product_id SET @NUMBER = 1;
quantity SET @NUMBER = 2;
BEGIN
dbo.create_order(@customer_id, product_id, quantity);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Order created successfully.');
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Total amount: ' + isnull(dbo.get_order_total(order_id), ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred.');
END main;
END; | CREATE TABLE customers (
id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR2(50) UNIQUE,
address VARCHAR2(255),
phone VARCHAR2(20)
);
CREATE TABLE orders (
id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id NUMBER REFERENCES customers(id),
product_id NUMBER,
quantity NUMBER,
total_amount NUMBER,
order_date DATE
);
CREATE PROCEDURE create_order(
customer_id IN NUMBER,
product_id IN NUMBER,
quantity IN NUMBER
)
IS
order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT orders_seq.nextval
INTO order_id
FROM dual;
INSERT INTO orders(
id,
customer_id,
product_id,
quantity,
total_amount,
order_date
)
VALUES(
order_id,
customer_id,
product_id,
quantity,
quantity * (
SELECT price
FROM products
WHERE id = product_id
),
SYSDATE
);
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total(order_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT total_amount
INTO total
FROM orders
WHERE id = order_id;
RETURN total;
END;
BEGIN
<<main>>
DECLARE
customer_id NUMBER := 1;
product_id NUMBER := 1;
quantity NUMBER := 2;
BEGIN
create_order(customer_id, product_id, quantity);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Order created successfully.');
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Total amount: ' || get_order_total(order_id));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred.');
END main;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_sal_update (
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
*** iables
new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** alary for the employee
SELECT @new_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** with the new value
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + (salary * (salary / 100))
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** lary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' + isnull(new_salary, ''));
-- Ha... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END emp_sal_update;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_sal_update (
emp_id IN NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
-- Declare local variables
new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get the current salary for the employee
SELECT salary
INTO new_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Update the salary with the new value
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + (salary * (salary / 100))
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Output the new salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' || new_salary);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END emp_sal_update;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_data', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_data;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_data(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT *
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_rec CURSOR FOR emp_cursor LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@emp_rec_first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@emp_rec_last_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(@emp_rec_salary, ''));
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp_rec;
DEALLOCATE emp_rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' + isnull(emp_id, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_data(emp_id IN NUMBER) AS
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT *
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
BEGIN
FOR emp_rec IN emp_cursor LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_rec.first_name || ' ' || emp_rec.last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || emp_rec.salary);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' || emp_id);
END;
|
*** to Insert Data into a Table
IF OBJECT_ID('INSERT_EMP', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE INSERT_EMP;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE INSERT_EMP(
@p_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_dept_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees ( emp_name, salary, dept_id)
VALUES ( p_name, p_salary, p_dept_id);
COMMIT;
END;
/
*** late Total Salary
IF OBJECT_ID('calc_total_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION calc_total_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION calc_total_salary(@dept_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT SUM(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE dept_id = dept_id
);
END;
/
*** Fetch Employee Data
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 5000;
*** truct (IF-ELSE)
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
IF @emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee ID is null.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee ID is ' + isnull(@emp_id, ''));
END
END;
/
*** enario (EXCEPTION)
DECLARE
@salary FLOAT := 1000000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = @salary
WHERE @emp_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
-- Stored Procedure to Insert Data into a Table
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE INSERT_EMP(
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_dept_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name, salary, dept_id)
VALUES (EMPLOYEES_SEQ.nextval, p_name, p_salary, p_dept_id);
COMMIT;
END;
/
-- Function to Calculate Total Salary
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calc_total_salary(dept_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT SUM(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE dept_id = dept_id
);
END;
/
-- SQL Statement to Fetch Employee Data
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 5000;
-- Control Flow Construct (IF-ELSE)
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee ID is null.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee ID is ' || emp_id);
END IF;
END;
/
-- Error Handling Scenario (EXCEPTION)
DECLARE
salary NUMBER := 1000000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE emp_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE check_user_exists(
@IN username AS VARCHAR2
)
IS
user_exists BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
SELECT @user_exists = count(*)
FROM users
WHERE username = username;
IF user_exists BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 User already exists', 16, 1);
END
-- ..... ***
END check_user_exists;
|
PROCEDURE check_user_exists(
IN username VARCHAR2
)
IS
user_exists BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
SELECT count(*)
INTO user_exists
FROM users
WHERE username = username;
IF user_exists THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'User already exists');
END IF;
-- ...
END check_user_exists;
|
CREATE TABLE emp (empno FLOAT, ename VARCHAR(20), sal FLOAT);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7369, 'SMITH', 800);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN', 1600);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7521, 'WARD', 1250);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7566, 'JONES', 2975); |
CREATE TABLE emp (empno NUMBER, ename VARCHAR2(20), sal NUMBER);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7369, 'SMITH', 800);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN', 1600);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7521, 'WARD', 1250);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (7566, 'JONES', 2975);
|
DECLARE
@total_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary) FROM employees;
IF @total_salary > 100000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Total salary exceeded budget', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO total_salary FROM employees;
IF total_salary > 100000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Total salary exceeded budget');
END IF;
END;
|
sql
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
@p_employee_id IN AS OUT NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER,
p_department_id IN NUMBER
) IS
l_employee_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_employee_id = emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_employee_id;
IF l_employee_id IS NULL BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(
emp_id,
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
manager_id,
department_id
)
VALUES(
p_employee_id,
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_phone_number,
p_hire_date,
p_job_id,
p_salary,
p_manager_id,
p_department_id
);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET first_name = p_first_name,
last_name = p_last_name,
email = p_email,
phone_number = p_phone_number,
hire_date = p_hire_date,
job_id = p_job_id,
salary = p_salary,
manager_id = p_manager_id,
department_id = p_department_id
WHERE emp_id = p_employee_id;
END
COMMIT;
END sp_insert_employee;
| sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
p_employee_id IN OUT NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone_number IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_job_id IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER,
p_department_id IN NUMBER
) IS
l_employee_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id
INTO l_employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_employee_id;
IF l_employee_id IS NULL THEN
INSERT INTO employees(
emp_id,
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
hire_date,
job_id,
salary,
manager_id,
department_id
)
VALUES(
p_employee_id,
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_phone_number,
p_hire_date,
p_job_id,
p_salary,
p_manager_id,
p_department_id
);
ELSE
UPDATE employees
SET first_name = p_first_name,
last_name = p_last_name,
email = p_email,
phone_number = p_phone_number,
hire_date = p_hire_date,
job_id = p_job_id,
salary = p_salary,
manager_id = p_manager_id,
department_id = p_department_id
WHERE emp_id = p_employee_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
END sp_insert_employee;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE split_name(@name VARCHAR, @OUT first_name AS VARCHAR, OUT last_name VARCHAR)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @start_pos FLOAT := 1;
DECLARE @end_pos FLOAT := 0;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= LEN(name) BEGIN
IF i = LEN(name) OR SUBSTRING(name, i, 1) = ' ' BEGIN
SET @first_name = SUBSTRING(name, @start_pos, @end_pos - @start_pos + 1);
SET @last_name = SUBSTRING(name, i + 1, LEN(name));
RETURN;
END
SET @end_pos = @end_pos + 1;
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE split_name(name VARCHAR, OUT first_name VARCHAR, OUT last_name VARCHAR)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE start_pos NUMBER := 1;
DECLARE end_pos NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..LENGTH(name) LOOP
IF i = LENGTH(name) OR SUBSTR(name, i, 1) = ' ' THEN
first_name := SUBSTR(name, start_pos, end_pos - start_pos + 1);
last_name := SUBSTR(name, i + 1);
RETURN;
END IF;
end_pos := end_pos + 1;
END LOOP;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @x FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @x = COUNT(*);
IF @x > 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Dual table exists');
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Dual table does not exist', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows found in dual table');
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE x NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO x FROM DUAL;
IF x > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Dual table exists');
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Dual table does not exist');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows found in dual table');
END;
END; |
BEGIN
/* *** */
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
v_ename emp.ename%TYPE;
v_sal emp.sal%TYPE;
/* *** nformation */
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename, @v_sal = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7839;
/* *** nformation */
IF v_sal < 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_sal + 1000
WHERE empno = v_empno;
END
/* *** dure */
CALL calc_bonus(v_empno, v_sal);
/* Raise exception */
IF v_sal > 20000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
BEGIN
/* Declare variables */
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
v_ename emp.ename%TYPE;
v_sal emp.sal%TYPE;
/* Select employee information */
SELECT empno, ename, sal
INTO v_empno, v_ename, v_sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7839;
/* Update employee information */
IF v_sal < 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_sal + 1000
WHERE empno = v_empno;
END IF;
/* Call stored procedure */
CALL calc_bonus(v_empno, v_sal);
/* Raise exception */
IF v_sal > 20000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@empId FLOAT := 1001;
empName dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @empName = ename, @salary = sal FROM emp WHERE empno = @empId;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(ISNULL(empName, '') + ' has a salary of ' + isnull(salary, ''));
IF salary > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(ISNULL(empName, '') + ' is a high earner.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(ISNULL(empName, '') + ' is not a high earner.');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN others THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | DECLARE
empId NUMBER := 1001;
empName VARCHAR2(30);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal INTO empName, salary FROM emp WHERE empno = empId;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(empName || ' has a salary of ' || salary);
IF salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(empName || ' is a high earner.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(empName || ' is not a high earner.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN others THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_id = 10;
IF @v_emp_id > 5
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error updating employee salary', 16, 1);
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_emp_id := 10;
IF v_emp_id > 5 THEN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error updating employee salary');
END;
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
l_empno SET @NUMBER = 100;
l_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
l_job dbo.VARCHAR2(10) := 'CLERK';
l_mgr SET @NUMBER = 7839;
l_hiredate SET @DATE = convert(DATETIME, '1980-01-01');
l_sal SET @NUMBER = 800;
l_comm SET @NUMBER = 200;
l_deptno SET @NUMBER = 10;
*** edure to insert a new employee
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee(@p_empno IN AS NUMBER, p_ename IN VARCHAR2, p_job IN VARCHAR2, p_mgr IN NUMBER, p_hiredate IN DATE, p_sal IN NUMBER, p_comm IN NUMBER, p_deptno IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
VALUES (p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_mgr, p_hiredate, p_sal, p_comm, p_deptno);
END;
*** rocedure
dbo.insert_employee(l_empno, l_ename, l_job, l_mgr, l_hiredate, l_sal, l_comm, l_deptno);
*** calculate the bonus for an employee
CREATE FUNCTION get_bonus(@p_empno IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
l_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_bonus = bonus FROM bonuses WHERE empno = p_empno;
RETURN l_bonus;
END;
-- Ca... ***
set @l_bonus = dbo.get_bonus(l_empno);
*** ent to update an employee's salary
UPDATE employees SET sal = sal + l_bonus WHERE empno = l_empno;
*** w construct to check for errors
IF l_bonus IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Bonus not found for employee ' + isnull(l_empno, ''), 16, 1);
END
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
-- Ha... ***
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
l_empno NUMBER := 100;
l_ename VARCHAR2(20) := 'John Doe';
l_job VARCHAR2(10) := 'CLERK';
l_mgr NUMBER := 7839;
l_hiredate DATE := to_date('1980-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
l_sal NUMBER := 800;
l_comm NUMBER := 200;
l_deptno NUMBER := 10;
-- Use a stored procedure to insert a new employee
PROCEDURE insert_employee(p_empno IN NUMBER, p_ename IN VARCHAR2, p_job IN VARCHAR2, p_mgr IN NUMBER, p_hiredate IN DATE, p_sal IN NUMBER, p_comm IN NUMBER, p_deptno IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
VALUES (p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_mgr, p_hiredate, p_sal, p_comm, p_deptno);
END;
-- Call the stored procedure
insert_employee(l_empno, l_ename, l_job, l_mgr, l_hiredate, l_sal, l_comm, l_deptno);
-- Use a function to calculate the bonus for an employee
FUNCTION get_bonus(p_empno IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
l_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT bonus INTO l_bonus FROM bonuses WHERE empno = p_empno;
RETURN l_bonus;
END;
-- Call the function
l_bonus := get_bonus(l_empno);
-- Use an SQL statement to update an employee's salary
UPDATE employees SET sal = sal + l_bonus WHERE empno = l_empno;
-- Use a control flow construct to check for errors
IF l_bonus IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Bonus not found for employee ' || l_empno);
END IF;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
-- Handle an error
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
emp_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 12000);
CREATE PROCEDURE increase_salary (
@emp_id FLOAT,
@amount FLOAT
)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + @amount WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id;
END;
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name is ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
emp_id NUMBER(10) PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER(10, 2) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, salary) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 12000);
CREATE PROCEDURE increase_salary (
emp_id NUMBER,
amount NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + amount WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
END;
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name is ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
CREATE TABLE Customers (
cust_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
city VARCHAR(30),
balance DECIMAL(10,2)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertCustomer(
@p_cust_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_city IN VARCHAR2,
p_balance IN NUMBER
) AS
set @v_cust_id = p_cust_id;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Customers (cust_id, name, city, balance)
VALUES (v_cust_id, p_name, p_city, p_balance);
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
@total_balance DECIMAL(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @total_balance = SUM(balance) FROM Customers;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total balance: ' + isnull(@total_balance, ''));
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_error_code FLOAT;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Customers (cust_id, name, city, balance)
VALUES (10, 'John Doe', 'New York', NULL);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @v_error_code = @@ERROR;
END;
IF @v_error_code = 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer inserted successfully.'); END
ELSE IF @v_error_code = 1400 /* *** lowed */ BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Balance column cannot be NULL.'); END
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unexpected error occurred: ' + isnull(@v_error_code, '')); END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE Customers (
cust_id NUMBER(10) PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
city VARCHAR2(30),
balance NUMBER(10,2)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertCustomer(
p_cust_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_city IN VARCHAR2,
p_balance IN NUMBER
) AS
v_cust_id := p_cust_id;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Customers (cust_id, name, city, balance)
VALUES (v_cust_id, p_name, p_city, p_balance);
COMMIT;
END;
DECLARE
total_balance NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(balance) INTO total_balance FROM Customers;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total balance: ' || total_balance);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_error_code NUMBER;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Customers (cust_id, name, city, balance)
VALUES (10, 'John Doe', 'New York', NULL);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
v_error_code := SQLCODE;
END;
CASE v_error_code
WHEN 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer inserted successfully.');
WHEN 1400 /* NULL value not allowed */ THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Balance column cannot be NULL.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unexpected error occurred: ' || v_error_code);
END CASE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@emp_id FLOAT)
RETURNS SYS_REFCURSOR AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id;
RETURN @emp_cur;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
emp_id SET @NUMBER = 100;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SET @emp_cur = dbo.get_employee_details(emp_id);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH emp_cur INTO @emp_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
END;
CLOSE emp_cur;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for employee ID: ' + isnull(emp_id, ''));
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(emp_id NUMBER)
RETURNS SYS_REFCURSOR IS
emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cur FOR
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_cur;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
emp_cur := get_employee_details(emp_id);
LOOP
FETCH emp_cur INTO emp_name;
EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cur;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for employee ID: ' || emp_id);
END;
END;
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BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM employees; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @rec_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET bonus = 0.1 * salary WHERE employee_id = @rec_employee_id;
END
ELSE IF @rec_salary > 5000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET bonus = 0.05 * salary WHERE employee_id = @rec_employee_id;
END
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END -- No... ***
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE; -- Re... ***
END;
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BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM employees) LOOP
IF rec.salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET bonus = 0.1 * salary WHERE employee_id = rec.employee_id;
ELSIF rec.salary > 5000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET bonus = 0.05 * salary WHERE employee_id = rec.employee_id;
END IF;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL; -- No action required
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE; -- Re-raise the error
END;
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DECLARE
@v_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE */;
v_ename EMPLOYEE.ename%TYPE;
v_deptno DEPARTMENT.deptno%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename, @v_deptno = deptno
FROM employee
WHERE empno = 1234;
IF v_deptno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid employee number', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employee
SET ename = 'New Name'
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
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DECLARE
v_empno EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE;
v_ename EMPLOYEE.ename%TYPE;
v_deptno DEPARTMENT.deptno%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename, deptno
INTO v_empno, v_ename, v_deptno
FROM employee
WHERE empno = 1234;
IF v_deptno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid employee number');
END IF;
UPDATE employee
SET ename = 'New Name'
WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_details (
@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER
)
IS
v_customer_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_customer_name = customer_name
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_customer_name);
END get_customer_details;
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CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_details (
p_customer_id IN NUMBER
)
IS
v_customer_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT customer_name INTO v_customer_name
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_customer_name);
END get_customer_details;
|