sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(
@p_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_result OUT NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_result = COUNT(*)
FROM my_table
WHERE id = p_id AND name = p_name;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(
p_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_result OUT NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO p_result
FROM my_table
WHERE id = p_id AND name = p_name;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_empno = 7934;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @v_empno;
IF SQL%FOUND BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully for employee: ' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No such employee found with employee id: ' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Too many rows affected');
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_empno := 7934;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
IF SQL%FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully for employee: ' || v_empno);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No such employee found with employee id: ' || v_empno);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Too many rows affected');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, job, salary)
VALUES (p_emp_id, p_name, p_job, p_salary);
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_employee(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, job, salary)
VALUES (p_emp_id, p_name, p_job, p_salary);
END;
/
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_comm NUMBER;
-- Ge... ***
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary, @v_comm = comm
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = 10;
-- Ca... ***
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
set @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.05;
END
*** ata.
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary + v_bonus
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables.
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_comm NUMBER;
-- Get employee data.
SELECT emp_id, salary, comm INTO v_emp_id, v_salary, v_comm
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = 10;
-- Calculate bonus.
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
ELSE
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.05;
END IF;
-- Update employee data.
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary + v_bonus
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes.
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle errors.
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_sp (
@param1 IN AS VARCHAR2,
param2 OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @param2 = COUNT(*) FROM my_table WHERE field1 = param1;
IF param2 > 0 BEGIN
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
END my_sp;
CREATE FUNCTION my_func (
@param1 IN VARCHAR2
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @result = COUNT(*) FROM my_table WHERE field1 = param1;
RETURN result;
END my_func;
|
PROCEDURE my_sp (
param1 IN VARCHAR2,
param2 OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param2 FROM my_table WHERE field1 = param1;
IF param2 > 0 THEN
COMMIT;
ELSE
ROLLBACK;
END IF;
END my_sp;
FUNCTION my_func (
param1 IN VARCHAR2
)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO result FROM my_table WHERE field1 = param1;
RETURN result;
END my_func;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('inc_emp_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE inc_emp_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE inc_emp_salary(@empno IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = empno;
COMMIT;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_emp_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_emp_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_emp_name(@empno IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = empno);
END;
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 100;
v_empname dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SET @v_empname = dbo.get_emp_name(@v_empno);
dbo.inc_emp_salary(@v_empno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(v_empname, '') + ' salary increased by 10%.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE inc_emp_salary(empno IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = empno;
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_emp_name(empno IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = empno);
END;
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 100;
v_empname VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
v_empname := get_emp_name(v_empno);
inc_emp_salary(v_empno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_empname || ' salary increased by 10%.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (i);
END;
END;
/
| BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (i);
END LOOP;
END;
/
SHOW ERRORS |
CREATE FUNCTION get_emp_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id
);
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_emp_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id
);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_details(@p_deptno IN AS NUMBER, p_job IN VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
*** iables
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
v_sal NUMBER;
*** iterate through employees
CURSOR c_emp
IS
SELECT empno, ename, sal
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = p_deptno AND job = p_job;
*** he cursor
DECLARE r_emp CURSOR FOR c_emp
LOOP
set @v_empno = @r_emp_empno;
set @v_ename = @r_emp_ename;
set @v_sal = @r_emp_sal;
*** etails
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' + isnull(v_empno, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(v_sal, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('--------------------');
FETCH r_emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE r_emp;
DEALLOCATE r_emp;
-- Cl... ***
CLOSE c_emp;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END
END;
/ | CREATE PROCEDURE emp_details(p_deptno IN NUMBER, p_job IN VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
-- Declare local variables
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(100);
v_sal NUMBER;
-- Open a cursor to iterate through employees
CURSOR c_emp
IS
SELECT empno, ename, sal
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = p_deptno AND job = p_job;
-- Fetch rows from the cursor
FOR r_emp IN c_emp
LOOP
v_empno := r_emp.empno;
v_ename := r_emp.ename;
v_sal := r_emp.sal;
-- Output employee details
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' || v_empno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_ename);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || v_sal);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('--------------------');
END LOOP;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE c_emp;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found.');
END;
/ |
CREATE PROCEDURE Employee_Bonus (@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, bonus_amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE Employees
SET salary = salary + bonus_amount
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
dbo.Employee_Bonus(1234, 5000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value in index.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option employee.name%TYPE */;
emp_salary employee.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = name, @emp_salary = salary
FROM Employees
WHERE employee_id = 1234;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@emp_name, '') + ' earns ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Employee_Bonus (employee_id IN NUMBER, bonus_amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE Employees
SET salary = salary + bonus_amount
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
Employee_Bonus(1234, 5000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value in index.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
DECLARE
emp_name employee.name%TYPE;
emp_salary employee.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary
INTO emp_name, emp_salary
FROM Employees
WHERE employee_id = 1234;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_name || ' earns ' || emp_salary);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 12345;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Do... ***
END
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
END
*** und error
WHEN too_many_rows THEN
*** ows error
WHEN other_error THEN
-- Ha... ***
END;
END;
/ | DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 12345;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
-- Do something
ELSE
-- Do something else
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
-- Handle no data found error
WHEN too_many_rows THEN
-- Handle too many rows error
WHEN other_error THEN
-- Handle other errors
END;
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_dept_employees', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_dept_employees;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_dept_employees (@deptno IN AS NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_emp IS
SELECT employee_id, last_name, email
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = deptno;
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR c_emp LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@rec_employee_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(@rec_last_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@rec_email, ''));
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_dept_employees (deptno IN NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_emp IS
SELECT employee_id, last_name, email
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = deptno;
BEGIN
FOR rec IN c_emp LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(rec.employee_id || ' ' || rec.last_name || ' ' || rec.email);
END LOOP;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('calculate_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE calculate_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, salary OUT NUMBER) IS
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @bonus = commission FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
set @salary = salary + bonus;
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.calculate_salary(@emp_id, salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while calculating salary.');
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculate_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, salary OUT NUMBER) IS
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT commission INTO bonus FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
salary := salary + bonus;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
calculate_salary(emp_id, salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while calculating salary.');
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('calculate_totals', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE calculate_totals;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_totals(@p_order_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
total_amount NUMBER;
discount NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_amount = SUM(quantity * unit_price)
FROM order_details
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
SELECT @discount = discount
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
UPDATE orders SET total_amount = total_amount * (1 - discount / 100)
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
END calculate_totals;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculate_totals(p_order_id IN NUMBER) AS
total_amount NUMBER;
discount NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(quantity * unit_price) INTO total_amount
FROM order_details
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
SELECT discount INTO discount
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
UPDATE orders SET total_amount = total_amount * (1 - discount / 100)
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
END calculate_totals;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary, @v_emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = @v_salary * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7788;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low for a raise.', 16, 1);
END
END; | DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT salary, ename INTO v_salary, v_emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7788;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low for a raise.');
END IF;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE Add_Employee (
@IN first_name AS VARCHAR2,
IN last_name VARCHAR2,
IN salary NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION Get_Employee_ById (
@IN id NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN Employees%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT *
FROM Employees
WHERE id = id
);
END;
/
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_emp Employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SET @v_id = 1;
SET @v_emp = dbo.Get_Employee_ById(@v_id);
IF v_emp IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' + isnull(v_emp.first_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' + isnull(v_emp.last_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_emp.salary, ''));
END;
/ | CREATE PROCEDURE Add_Employee (
IN first_name VARCHAR2,
IN last_name VARCHAR2,
IN salary NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION Get_Employee_ById (
IN id NUMBER
) RETURN Employees%ROWTYPE AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT *
FROM Employees
WHERE id = id
);
END;
/
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_emp Employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
v_id := 1;
v_emp := Get_Employee_ById(v_id);
IF v_emp IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' || v_emp.first_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' || v_emp.last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_emp.salary);
END;
/ |
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET bonus = @v_salary * 0.10 WHERE emp_id = 10;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too low for bonus', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_salary * 0.10 WHERE emp_id = 10;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too low for bonus');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (
@p_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN OUT VARCHAR2
) IS
v_temp dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_temp = name FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id;
set @p_name = v_temp;
IF p_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Name not found', 16, 1);
END
END my_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (
p_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN OUT VARCHAR2
) IS
v_temp VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_temp FROM my_table WHERE id = p_id;
p_name := v_temp;
IF p_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Name not found');
END IF;
END my_proc;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE order_row CURSOR FOR SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id; OPEN order_row;
FETCH order_row INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@order_row_order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + ISNULL(TO_CHAR(@order_row_order_date, 'DD-MM-YYYY'), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' + isnull(@order_row_total_amount, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.NEW_LINE;
FETCH order_row INTO;
END;
CLOSE order_row;
DEALLOCATE order_row;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ID ' + isnull(customer_id, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
FOR order_row IN (SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || order_row.order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || TO_CHAR(order_row.order_date, 'DD-MM-YYYY'));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' || order_row.total_amount);
DBMS_OUTPUT.NEW_LINE;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ID ' || customer_id);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@employee_id FLOAT := 1234;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@employee_id);
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee with ID ' + isnull(@employee_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
employee_id NUMBER := 1234;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(employee_id);
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee with ID ' || employee_id || ' not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_total_sales', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_total_sales;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_sales(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(amount)
FROM sales
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN total_sales;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN 0;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer_address', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer_address;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER, new_address IN VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET address = new_address
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Duplicate value on unique index', 16, 1);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@total_sales FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @total_sales = dbo.get_total_sales(12345);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total sales for customer 12345: ' + isnull(@total_sales, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for customer 12345');
END
END;
BEGIN
dbo.update_customer_address(12345, '123 Main Street');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer 12345 address updated successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating customer address: Duplicate value on unique index');
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_total_sales(customer_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(amount) INTO total_sales
FROM sales
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN total_sales;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(customer_id IN NUMBER, new_address IN VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers
SET address = new_address
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Duplicate value on unique index');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
total_sales := get_total_sales(12345);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total sales for customer 12345: ' || total_sales);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for customer 12345');
END;
BEGIN
update_customer_address(12345, '123 Main Street');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer 12345 address updated successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating customer address: Duplicate value on unique index');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_by_id', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_by_id;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_by_id(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN employees%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
result employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @result = * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF result IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee with id ' + isnull(emp_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
RETURN result;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(@emp IN AS OUT employees%ROWTYPE) AS
DECLARE
@old_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @old_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp.employee_id;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = emp.employee_id;
IF @old_salary * 1.1 > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Salary increase too large', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
BEGIN
SET @emp = dbo.get_employee_by_id(12345);
dbo.update_employee(@emp);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20003 Invalid employee id', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_by_id(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN employees%ROWTYPE AS
result employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO result FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF result IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee with id ' || emp_id || ' not found');
END IF;
RETURN result;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(emp IN OUT employees%ROWTYPE) AS
DECLARE
old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO old_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp.employee_id;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = emp.employee_id;
IF old_salary * 1.1 > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Salary increase too large');
END IF;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
emp := get_employee_by_id(12345);
update_employee(emp);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20003, 'Invalid employee id');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_max_salary(@OUT max_salary AS IN OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @max_salary = MAX(salary) FROM employees;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @max_salary = NULL;
END
END; | CREATE PROCEDURE get_max_salary(OUT max_salary IN OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(salary) INTO max_salary FROM employees;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
max_salary := NULL;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(50);
v_age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_age = age
FROM employee
WHERE id = 1;
IF v_age < 21 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee must be 21 years or older', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Name: ' + isnull(@v_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Age: ' + isnull(v_age, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT name, age
INTO v_name, v_age
FROM employee
WHERE id = 1;
IF v_age < 21 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee must be 21 years or older');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Name: ' || v_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Age: ' || v_age);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
BEGIN
*** iables
v_num1 SET @NUMBER = 10;
v_num2 SET @NUMBER = 20;
v_result NUMBER;
*** ult
set @v_result = v_num1 + v_num2;
-- Pr... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The result is: ' + isnull(v_result, ''));
-- Ch... ***
IF v_result < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 The result is negative!', 16, 1);
END
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
-- Declare local variables
v_num1 NUMBER := 10;
v_num2 NUMBER := 20;
v_result NUMBER;
-- Calculate the result
v_result := v_num1 + v_num2;
-- Print the result
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The result is: ' || v_result);
-- Check for errors
IF v_result < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'The result is negative!');
END IF;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 7839;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno;
IF salary < 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20101 Salary is below $10,000.', 16, 1);
END
SET @salary = salary * 1.10;
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 7839;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
IF salary < 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Salary is below $10,000.');
END IF;
salary := salary * 1.10;
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary WHERE empno = v_empno;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_example(@n IN AS NUMBER) AS
-- Lo... ***
v_val NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** the parameter
set @v_val = n + 1;
*** ations
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Parameter value: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, n), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Value + 1: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_val), ''));
*** n if necessary
IF v_val > 100 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Value exceeded 100: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_val), ''), 16, 1);
END
*** parameter
RETURN v_val;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_example(n IN NUMBER) AS
-- Local variables
v_val NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get the value of the parameter
v_val := n + 1;
-- Perform some operations
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Parameter value: ' || TO_CHAR(n));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Value + 1: ' || TO_CHAR(v_val));
-- Raise an exception if necessary
IF v_val > 100 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Value exceeded 100: ' || TO_CHAR(v_val));
END IF;
-- Return the output parameter
RETURN v_val;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (order_id FLOAT, customer_id FLOAT, order_date DATE, total_amount DECIMAL);
CREATE SEQUENCE order_id_seq START WITH 1;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total(@order_id FLOAT) RETURNS DECIMAL AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @total DECIMAL;
SELECT @total = total_amount FROM orders WHERE @order_id = @order_id;
RETURN @total;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE create_order(@customer_id FLOAT, @order_date DATE) AS
order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @order_id = order_id_seq.nextval;
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, order_date, total_amount) VALUES (order_id, customer_id, order_date, 0);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@customer_id FLOAT := 1;
order_date SET @DATE = GETDATE();
BEGIN
dbo.create_order(@customer_id, order_date);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No customer found with ID ' + isnull(@customer_id, ''));
END
END;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE update_order_total(@order_id FLOAT, @new_total DECIMAL) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE orders SET total_amount = @new_total WHERE @order_id = @order_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@order_id FLOAT := 1;
new_total SET @DECIMAL = 100;
BEGIN
dbo.update_order_total(@order_id, new_total);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No order found with ID ' + isnull(@order_id, ''));
END
END;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE delete_order(@order_id FLOAT) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DELETE FROM orders WHERE @order_id = @order_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@order_id FLOAT := 1;
BEGIN
dbo.delete_order(@order_id);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No order found with ID ' + isnull(@order_id, ''));
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (order_id NUMBER, customer_id NUMBER, order_date DATE, total_amount DECIMAL);
CREATE SEQUENCE order_id_seq START WITH 1;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total(order_id NUMBER) RETURN DECIMAL IS
total DECIMAL;
BEGIN
SELECT total_amount INTO total FROM orders WHERE order_id = order_id;
RETURN total;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE create_order(customer_id NUMBER, order_date DATE) IS
order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id_seq.nextval INTO order_id FROM dual;
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, order_date, total_amount) VALUES (order_id, customer_id, order_date, 0);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
customer_id NUMBER := 1;
order_date DATE := SYSDATE;
BEGIN
create_order(customer_id, order_date);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No customer found with ID ' || customer_id);
END;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE update_order_total(order_id NUMBER, new_total DECIMAL) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET total_amount = new_total WHERE order_id = order_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
order_id NUMBER := 1;
new_total DECIMAL := 100;
BEGIN
update_order_total(order_id, new_total);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No order found with ID ' || order_id);
END;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE delete_order(order_id NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM orders WHERE order_id = order_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
order_id NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
delete_order(order_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No order found with ID ' || order_id);
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_name(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
customer_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @customer_name = name FROM customers WHERE id = customer_id;
RETURN customer_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer_address', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer_address;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER, new_address IN VARCHAR2)
IS
old_address dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @old_address = address FROM customers WHERE id = customer_id;
IF old_address IS NOT NULL BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET address = new_address WHERE id = customer_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer with ID ' + isnull(customer_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
DECLARE
@customer_name VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
SET @customer_name = dbo.get_customer_name(12345);
IF @customer_name IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer name: ' + isnull(@customer_name, ''));
dbo.update_customer_address(12345, '123 Main Street');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer not found');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_name(customer_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
customer_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO customer_name FROM customers WHERE id = customer_id;
RETURN customer_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(customer_id IN NUMBER, new_address IN VARCHAR2)
IS
old_address VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT address INTO old_address FROM customers WHERE id = customer_id;
IF old_address IS NOT NULL THEN
UPDATE customers SET address = new_address WHERE id = customer_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer with ID ' || customer_id || ' not found');
END IF;
END;
DECLARE
customer_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
customer_name := get_customer_name(12345);
IF customer_name IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer name: ' || customer_name);
update_customer_address(12345, '123 Main Street');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer not found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = job_id
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = @v_empno;
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
raiserror('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @v_empno = 0;
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
SELECT job_id
INTO v_empno
FROM employee
WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_empno := 0;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id, @emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
IF @emp_id IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Details:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, first_name || ' ' || last_name INTO emp_id, emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
IF emp_id IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Details:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END IF;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('example_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE example_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE example_proc(
@p_in1 IN AS NUMBER,
p_in2 IN VARCHAR2,
p_out1 OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
set @p_out1 = p_in1 + cast(p_in2 as float);
BEGIN
IF p_in1 > 10 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Input value too large.', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
END example_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE example_proc(
p_in1 IN NUMBER,
p_in2 IN VARCHAR2,
p_out1 OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
p_out1 := p_in1 + to_number(p_in2);
BEGIN
IF p_in1 > 10 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Input value too large.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
END example_proc;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('p_bank_transfer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE p_bank_transfer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE p_bank_transfer(
@in_from_acc_no IN AS NUMBER,
in_to_acc_no IN NUMBER,
in_amount IN NUMBER
)
AS
l_from_balance NUMBER;
l_to_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** unts exist
SELECT @l_from_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE account_no = in_from_acc_no;
SELECT @l_to_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE account_no = in_to_acc_no;
*** m' account has enough balance
IF l_from_balance < in_amount BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20101 Insufficient balance in ' + isnull(in_from_acc_no, ''), 16, 1);
END
-- Up... ***
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - in_amount WHERE account_no = in_from_acc_no;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + in_amount WHERE account_no = in_to_acc_no;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
*** essage
RAISERROR('-20000 Transaction successful', 16, 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE p_bank_transfer(
in_from_acc_no IN NUMBER,
in_to_acc_no IN NUMBER,
in_amount IN NUMBER
)
AS
l_from_balance NUMBER;
l_to_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Check if the accounts exist
SELECT balance INTO l_from_balance FROM accounts WHERE account_no = in_from_acc_no;
SELECT balance INTO l_to_balance FROM accounts WHERE account_no = in_to_acc_no;
-- Check if the 'from' account has enough balance
IF l_from_balance < in_amount THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Insufficient balance in ' || in_from_acc_no);
END IF;
-- Update the balances
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - in_amount WHERE account_no = in_from_acc_no;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + in_amount WHERE account_no = in_to_acc_no;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
-- Raise a success message
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Transaction successful');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_update_employee(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET last_name = p_last_name, salary = p_salary WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END proc_update_employee;
CREATE FUNCTION func_get_employee_salary(
@p_employee_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
RETURN v_salary;
END func_get_employee_salary;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary) VALUES (i, 'First' + isnull(i, ''), 'Last' + isnull(i, ''), 1000 * i);
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_update_employee(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET last_name = p_last_name, salary = p_salary WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END proc_update_employee;
CREATE FUNCTION func_get_employee_salary(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER
IS
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
RETURN v_salary;
END func_get_employee_salary;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary) VALUES (i, 'First' || i, 'Last' || i, 1000 * i);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR; *** to hold the result set
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM my_table; *** sing a SELECT statement
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN
FETCH v_cursor INTO @v_row; *** w into a variable
IF v_row.status = 'E' BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error found in row ' + isnull(@v_cursor%ROWCOUNT, ''));
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred while processing row ' + isnull(@v_cursor%ROWCOUNT, ''), 16, 1);
END
*** ere
END;
CLOSE v_cursor; -- Cl... ***
COMMIT; -- Co... ***
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK; *** ges
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR; -- Declare a cursor to hold the result set
BEGIN
OPEN v_cursor FOR SELECT * FROM my_table; -- Open the cursor using a SELECT statement
WHILE v_cursor%NOTFOUND LOOP
FETCH v_cursor INTO v_row; -- Fetch the next row into a variable
IF v_row.status = 'E' THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error found in row ' || v_cursor%ROWCOUNT);
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error occurred while processing row ' || v_cursor%ROWCOUNT);
END IF;
-- Process the row here
END LOOP;
CLOSE v_cursor; -- Close the cursor
COMMIT; -- Commit the changes
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK; -- Rollback the changes
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@deptno SMALLINT;
ename dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
salary ROW_NUMBER(7, 2);
CURSOR emp_cur IS
SELECT @deptno, ename, salary
FROM emp;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_rec CURSOR FOR emp_cur LOOP
SET @deptno = @emp_rec_deptno;
SET @ename = @emp_rec_ename;
SET @salary = @emp_rec_salary;
UPDATE emp
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE @deptno = @deptno;
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp_rec;
DEALLOCATE emp_rec;
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
-- Ha... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Too many employees found.');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
deptno NUMBER(2);
ename VARCHAR2(30);
salary NUMBER(7, 2);
CURSOR emp_cur IS
SELECT deptno, ename, salary
FROM emp;
BEGIN
FOR emp_rec IN emp_cur LOOP
deptno := emp_rec.deptno;
ename := emp_rec.ename;
salary := emp_rec.salary;
UPDATE emp
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE deptno = deptno;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
-- Handle error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Too many employees found.');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertCustomer(
@IN p_name AS VARCHAR2,
IN p_city VARCHAR2,
INOUT p_id OUT NUMBER
)
IS
v_exists NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_exists = COUNT(*)
FROM Customers
WHERE Name = p_name;
IF v_exists = 0 BEGIN
INSERT INTO Customers(Name, City, ID)
VALUES(p_name, p_city, p_id);
COMMIT;
set @p_id = @@ROWCOUNT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @p_id = -1;
END
END InsertCustomer;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertCustomer(
IN p_name VARCHAR2,
IN p_city VARCHAR2,
INOUT p_id OUT NUMBER
)
IS
v_exists NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO v_exists
FROM Customers
WHERE Name = p_name;
IF v_exists = 0 THEN
INSERT INTO Customers(Name, City, ID)
VALUES(p_name, p_city, p_id);
COMMIT;
p_id := SQL%ROWCOUNT;
ELSE
p_id := -1;
END IF;
END InsertCustomer;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_example (@a IN AS VARCHAR2, b IN NUMBER) AS
-- Lo... ***
v_c dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
set @v_c = isnull(a, '') + isnull(b, '');
-- Er... ***
IF v_c IS NULL BEGIN RAISERROR('-20000 Error in procedure', 16, 1); END
-- Co... ***
IF b > 10 BEGIN UPDATE table_a SET col_a = v_c; END
-- SQ... ***
SELECT * FROM table_b WHERE col_b = v_c;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_example (a IN VARCHAR2, b IN NUMBER) AS
-- Local variables
v_c VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
v_c := a || b;
-- Error handling
IF v_c IS NULL THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Error in procedure'); END IF;
-- Control flow
IF b > 10 THEN UPDATE table_a SET col_a = v_c; END IF;
-- SQL statement
SELECT * FROM table_b WHERE col_b = v_c;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id VARCHAR(10);
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = '100';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Details:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + ISNULL(FORMAT(v_salary, 'N2'), ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id VARCHAR2(10);
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_salary NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = '100';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Details:');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || TO_CHAR(v_salary, '999,999.99'));
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('delete_duplicate_rows', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE delete_duplicate_rows;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE delete_duplicate_rows AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE rowid NOT IN (
SELECT MIN(rowid)
FROM employees
GROUP BY name, age
);
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('sum_sales', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION sum_sales;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION sum_sales(@product_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(sales)
FROM sales
WHERE product_id = product_id;
RETURN total_sales;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (name, age) VALUES ('John Doe', 25);
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value found in index!');
END;
END;
DECLARE
@salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = @salary
FROM employees
WHERE name = 'John Doe';
IF @salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISE no_data_found;
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(@salary, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE delete_duplicate_rows AS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE rowid NOT IN (
SELECT MIN(rowid)
FROM employees
GROUP BY name, age
);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sum_sales(product_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(sales) INTO total_sales
FROM sales
WHERE product_id = product_id;
RETURN total_sales;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (name, age) VALUES ('John Doe', 25);
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value found in index!');
END;
END;
DECLARE
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE name = 'John Doe';
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE no_data_found;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || salary);
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (@p_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
l_var dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @l_var = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = p_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(l_var, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
CALL my_proc(7839);
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (p_id IN NUMBER) IS
l_var VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO l_var FROM emp WHERE empno = p_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || l_var);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
CALL my_proc(7839);
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (@num IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Num: ' + isnull(num, ''));
IF num > 10 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Num is greater than 10', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (num IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Num: ' || num);
IF num > 10 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Num is greater than 10');
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@name VARCHAR(25);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @name = ename sal INTO salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 10;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END /* *** no record found */
END;
IF @name IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' + isnull(@name, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
name VARCHAR2(25);
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO name, sal INTO salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
NULL; /* Handle case when no record found */
END;
IF name IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || name || ', Salary: ' || salary);
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('calculateBonus', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE calculateBonus;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE calculateBonus(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @bonus = bonus FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
IF bonus IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid employee Id', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET bonus = bonus + (bonus * 0.10) WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculateBonus(emp_id IN NUMBER)
AS
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT bonus INTO bonus FROM employees WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
IF bonus IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid employee Id');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET bonus = bonus + (bonus * 0.10) WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
@name VARCHAR(200);
salary ROW_NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT @name = @name, @salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF salary >= 10000 BEGIN
SET @salary = salary * 1.1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @salary = salary * 0.9;
END
UPDATE emp SET name = @name, salary = salary WHERE empno = 7788;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
name VARCHAR2(200);
salary NUMBER(10, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary INTO name, salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7788;
IF salary >= 10000 THEN
salary := salary * 1.1;
ELSE
salary := salary * 0.9;
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET name = name, salary = salary WHERE empno = 7788;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateEmpSalary(@empno IN AS NUMBER, sal IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal
WHERE empno = empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
PROCEDURE UpdateEmpSalary(empno IN NUMBER, sal IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal
WHERE empno = empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('Increase_Employee_Salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE Increase_Employee_Salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE Increase_Employee_Salary(@emp_id FLOAT)
AS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
set @salary = salary * 1.10;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Increase_Employee_Salary(emp_id NUMBER)
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
salary := salary * 1.10;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
l_deptno NUMBER;
l_dname dbo.VARCHAR2(14);
-- Ge... ***
SELECT @l_deptno = deptno, @l_dname = dname FROM dept WHERE deptno = 10;
-- Pr... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department ' + isnull(l_deptno, '') + ': ' + isnull(l_dname, ''));
*** info
UPDATE dept SET dname = 'Updated Department' WHERE deptno = 10;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
-- Er... ***
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Lo... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
l_deptno NUMBER;
l_dname VARCHAR2(14);
-- Get department info
SELECT deptno, dname INTO l_deptno, l_dname FROM dept WHERE deptno = 10;
-- Print results
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department ' || l_deptno || ': ' || l_dname);
-- Update department info
UPDATE dept SET dname = 'Updated Department' WHERE deptno = 10;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Error handling
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Log error message
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO test_table (id, name) VALUES (i, 'Name ' + isnull(i, ''));
END;
END;
/
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name FROM test_table WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name is: ' + isnull(@v_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('get_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_name (@id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_name VARCHAR(100);
SELECT @v_name = name FROM test_table WHERE @id = @id;
RETURN @v_name;
END;
GO
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
SET @v_name = dbo.get_name(1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name is: ' + isnull(@v_name, ''));
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('update_name', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_name;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_name (@id FLOAT, @name VARCHAR(4000)) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE test_table SET name = @name WHERE @id = @id;
END;
GO
BEGIN
dbo.update_name(1, 'Updated Name');
END;
/ | BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
INSERT INTO test_table (id, name) VALUES (i, 'Name ' || i);
END LOOP;
END;
/
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_name FROM test_table WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name is: ' || v_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_name (id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_name FROM test_table WHERE id = id;
RETURN v_name;
END;
/
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
v_name := get_name(1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name is: ' || v_name);
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_name (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE test_table SET name = name WHERE id = id;
END;
/
BEGIN
update_name(1, 'Updated Name');
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('GetCustomerOrders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @customer_orders = *
FROM Orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@customer_id FLOAT;
customer_orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @customer_id = 10;
dbo.GetCustomerOrders(@customer_id, customer_orders);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH customer_orders INTO @customer_name, @order_date, @order_total;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(customer_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(order_date, '') + ' ' + isnull(order_total, ''));
END;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' + isnull(@customer_id, ''));
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT *
INTO customer_orders
FROM Orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
customer_id NUMBER;
customer_orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
customer_id := 10;
GetCustomerOrders(customer_id, customer_orders);
LOOP
FETCH customer_orders INTO customer_name, order_date, order_total;
EXIT WHEN customer_orders%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(customer_name || ' ' || order_date || ' ' || order_total);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' || customer_id);
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
@param_in IN AS VARCHAR2
) IS
var_out dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT @var_out = name FROM table_name WHERE id = param_in;
IF var_out IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Record not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE table_name SET name = 'Updated name' WHERE id = param_in;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Procedure executed successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('my_function', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION my_function;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION my_function(
@param_in IN VARCHAR2
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
var_out dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT @var_out = name FROM table_name WHERE id = param_in;
RETURN var_out;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@var_count FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @var_count = COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total rows in table: ' + isnull(@var_count, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@var_counter FLOAT := 0;
BEGIN
DECLARE i CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM table_name; OPEN i;
FETCH i INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
SET @var_counter = @var_counter + 1;
FETCH i INTO;
END;
CLOSE i;
DEALLOCATE i;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of rows processed: ' + isnull(@var_counter, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@var_name VARCHAR(255);
BEGIN
SELECT @var_name = name FROM table_name WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name of the first row: ' + isnull(@var_name, ''));
SET @var_name = 'New name';
UPDATE table_name SET name = @var_name WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name of the first row updated to: ' + isnull(@var_name, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
param_in IN VARCHAR2
) IS
var_out VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO var_out FROM table_name WHERE id = param_in;
IF var_out IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Record not found');
END IF;
UPDATE table_name SET name = 'Updated name' WHERE id = param_in;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Procedure executed successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION my_function(
param_in IN VARCHAR2
) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
var_out VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO var_out FROM table_name WHERE id = param_in;
RETURN var_out;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
var_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO var_count FROM table_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total rows in table: ' || var_count);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
var_counter NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
FOR i IN (SELECT id FROM table_name) LOOP
var_counter := var_counter + 1;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of rows processed: ' || var_counter);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
var_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO var_name FROM table_name WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name of the first row: ' || var_name);
var_name := 'New name';
UPDATE table_name SET name = var_name WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name of the first row updated to: ' || var_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@IN customer_id AS NUMBER) IS
order_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @order_count = COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Customer ' + isnull(customer_id, '') + ' has ' + isnull(order_count, '') + ' orders.');
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('No orders found for customer ' + isnull(customer_id, ''));
END
END;
BEGIN
dbo.get_customer_orders(1);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(IN customer_id NUMBER) IS
order_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO order_count FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Customer ' || customer_id || ' has ' || order_count || ' orders.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
dbms_output.put_line('No orders found for customer ' || customer_id);
END;
BEGIN
get_customer_orders(1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE foo(@p1 IN AS NUMBER, p2 OUT NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
set @p2 = p1 * 2;
IF p2 > 10 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error: Result is too large', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
PROCEDURE foo(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 OUT NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
p2 := p1 * 2;
IF p2 > 10 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error: Result is too large');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_emp_name = first_name, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 10000');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than or equal to 10000');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, first_name, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 10000');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than or equal to 10000');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_example', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_example;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_example(
@p_in IN AS NUMBER,
OUT OUT_PARAM OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
IF p_in IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 NULL input', 16, 1);
END
-- So... ***
SET @OUT_PARAM = 'Result: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, p_in * 2), '');
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @OUT_PARAM = 'No data found';
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @OUT_PARAM = 'Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, '');
END;
/
BEGIN
dbo.sp_example(10, :output);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(:output);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unhandled exception: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_example(
p_in IN NUMBER,
OUT OUT_PARAM OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
IF p_in IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'NULL input');
END IF;
-- Some calculations
OUT_PARAM := 'Result: ' || TO_CHAR(p_in * 2);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
OUT_PARAM := 'No data found';
WHEN OTHERS THEN
OUT_PARAM := 'Error: ' || SQLERRM;
END;
/
BEGIN
sp_example(10, :output);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(:output);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unhandled exception: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id BIGINT,
name VARCHAR(50),
salary DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE give_raise(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, raise_amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + raise_amount
WHERE id = employee_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @raise_amount DECIMAL(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @raise_amount = 0.10 * salary
FROM employees
WHERE id = :employee_id;
dbo.give_raise(:employee_id, @raise_amount);
END;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @raise_amount = 0;
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id NUMBER(10),
name VARCHAR2(50),
salary NUMBER(10,2) NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR2(50)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE give_raise(employee_id IN NUMBER, raise_amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + raise_amount
WHERE id = employee_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE raise_amount NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT 0.10 * salary INTO raise_amount
FROM employees
WHERE id = :employee_id;
give_raise(:employee_id, raise_amount);
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
raise_amount := 0;
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Check_Customer_Balance(@cust_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
total_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_balance = SUM(balance)
FROM accounts
WHERE cust_id = cust_id;
IF total_balance < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer balance is negative', 16, 1);
END
END Check_Customer_Balance;
|
PROCEDURE Check_Customer_Balance(cust_id IN NUMBER) IS
total_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(balance)
INTO total_balance
FROM accounts
WHERE cust_id = cust_id;
IF total_balance < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer balance is negative');
END IF;
END Check_Customer_Balance;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetCustomerOrders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(@cust_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, order_total
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = cust_id
ORDER BY order_date;
BEGIN
DECLARE r CURSOR FOR c1 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(isnull(@r_order_id, '') + ' ' + ISNULL(TO_CHAR(@r_order_date, 'DD-MON-YYYY'), '') + ' ' + isnull(@r_order_total, ''));
FETCH r INTO;
END;
CLOSE r;
DEALLOCATE r;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(cust_id IN NUMBER)
AS
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, order_total
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = cust_id
ORDER BY order_date;
BEGIN
FOR r IN c1 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(r.order_id || ' ' || TO_CHAR(r.order_date, 'DD-MON-YYYY') || ' ' || r.order_total);
END LOOP;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empid FLOAT := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE empid = @v_empid;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary + 1000
WHERE empid = @v_empid;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low.', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empid NUMBER := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empid = v_empid;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp
SET salary = v_salary + 1000
WHERE empid = v_empid;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Employee not found.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 1;
IF v_salary < 50000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = 50000
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 1;
IF v_salary < 50000 THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = 50000
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT
employee_id,
employee_name,
department_name
FROM
employees
JOIN
departments
ON
employees.department_id = departments.department_id
WHERE
employee_id = emp_id;
END get_employee_details;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id, employee_name, department_id)
VALUES(100, 'John Doe', 10);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-2000 Employee insertion failed', 16, 1);
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET
employee_name = 'Jane Doe'
WHERE
employee_id = 100;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-2001 Employee update failed', 16, 1);
END;
END; | CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT
employee_id,
employee_name,
department_name
FROM
employees
JOIN
departments
ON
employees.department_id = departments.department_id
WHERE
employee_id = emp_id;
END get_employee_details;
BEGIN
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id, employee_name, department_id)
VALUES(100, 'John Doe', 10);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-2000, 'Employee insertion failed');
END;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET
employee_name = 'Jane Doe'
WHERE
employee_id = 100;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-2001, 'Employee update failed');
END;
END; |
CREATE TABLE departments (id FLOAT, name VARCHAR(255));
INSERT INTO departments (id, name) VALUES (10, 'Sales');
INSERT INTO departments (id, name) VALUES (20, 'Marketing');
INSERT INTO departments (id, name) VALUES (30, 'Engineering');
CREATE TABLE employees (id FLOAT, name VARCHAR(255), department_id FLOAT);
INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department_id) VALUES (100, 'John', 10);
INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department_id) VALUES (101, 'Jane', 20);
INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department_id) VALUES (102, 'Jim', 30);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee (@id FLOAT, @OUT name AS VARCHAR2, OUT department VARCHAR2) IS
d_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT @name = name, @d_name = department_id FROM employees WHERE id = id;
SELECT @department = name FROM departments WHERE id = d_name;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(255);
emp_department dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee(100, @emp_name, emp_department);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee found: ' + isnull(@emp_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(emp_department, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE departments (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(255));
INSERT INTO departments (id, name) VALUES (10, 'Sales');
INSERT INTO departments (id, name) VALUES (20, 'Marketing');
INSERT INTO departments (id, name) VALUES (30, 'Engineering');
CREATE TABLE employees (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(255), department_id NUMBER);
INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department_id) VALUES (100, 'John', 10);
INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department_id) VALUES (101, 'Jane', 20);
INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department_id) VALUES (102, 'Jim', 30);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee (id NUMBER, OUT name VARCHAR2, OUT department VARCHAR2) IS
d_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT name, department_id INTO name, d_name FROM employees WHERE id = id;
SELECT name INTO department FROM departments WHERE id = d_name;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(255);
emp_department VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
get_employee(100, emp_name, emp_department);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee found: ' || emp_name || ', ' || emp_department);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
IS
current_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @current_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF current_salary > new_salary BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 New salary must be greater than current salary', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
IS
current_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO current_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF current_salary > new_salary THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'New salary must be greater than current salary');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@id IN AS NUMBER) AS
rec SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = id;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH rec INTO @:emp;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp.ename);
END;
CLOSE rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that ID');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(id IN NUMBER) AS
rec SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN rec FOR SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = id;
LOOP
FETCH rec INTO :emp;
EXIT WHEN rec%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp.ename);
END LOOP;
CLOSE rec;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that ID');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
emp_rec EMPLOYEE%ROWTYPE; *** e of the EMPLOYEE type
BEGIN
*** e record with the specified ID into the emp_rec variable
SELECT @emp_rec = *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** oyee record was found
IF emp_rec.employee_id IS NULL BEGIN
*** the employee record was not found
RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
END
*** ee details as a JSON object
RETURN dbo.JSON_OBJECT(
'employee_id', emp_rec.employee_id,
'first_name', emp_rec.first_name,
'last_name', emp_rec.last_name,
'email', emp_rec.email,
'phone_number', emp_rec.phone_number,
'hire_date', emp_rec.hire_date,
'job_id', emp_rec.job_id
);
END get_employee_details;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER)
AS
emp_rec EMPLOYEE%ROWTYPE; -- Declare a variable of the EMPLOYEE type
BEGIN
-- Fetch the employee record with the specified ID into the emp_rec variable
SELECT *
INTO emp_rec
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Check if the employee record was found
IF emp_rec.employee_id IS NULL THEN
-- Raise an error if the employee record was not found
RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
END IF;
-- Return the employee details as a JSON object
RETURN JSON_OBJECT(
'employee_id', emp_rec.employee_id,
'first_name', emp_rec.first_name,
'last_name', emp_rec.last_name,
'email', emp_rec.email,
'phone_number', emp_rec.phone_number,
'hire_date', emp_rec.hire_date,
'job_id', emp_rec.job_id
);
END get_employee_details;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE Create_Table (@TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(4000)) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'CREATE TABLE ' || ISNULL(@TABLE_NAME, '') + ' (ID NUMBER, NAME VARCHAR2(255))';
END;
dbo.CREATE_TABLE('EMPLOYEES');
CREATE FUNCTION Get_Employee_Name (@ID FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE @ID = @ID);
END;
DECLARE
@EMP_NAME VARCHAR(255);
BEGIN
SET @EMP_NAME = dbo.Get_Employee_Name(1);
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Custom Error Message', 16, 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
PROCEDURE Create_Table (TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE ' || TABLE_NAME || ' (ID NUMBER, NAME VARCHAR2(255))';
END;
CREATE_TABLE('EMPLOYEES');
FUNCTION Get_Employee_Name (ID NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE ID = ID);
END;
DECLARE
EMP_NAME VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
EMP_NAME := Get_Employee_Name(1);
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Custom Error Message');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT := 10;
v_result NUMBER;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= @v_num BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop iteration: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, i), ''));
END;
*** call
CALL my_proc(v_param => 123);
-- Fu... ***
SET @v_result = dbo.my_func(v_arg => 'abc');
-- Er... ***
BEGIN
NULL; *** n exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @v_result = 0;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_result: ' + isnull(v_result, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := 10;
v_result NUMBER;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..v_num LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop iteration: ' || TO_CHAR(i));
END LOOP;
-- Stored procedure call
CALL my_proc(v_param => 123);
-- Function call
v_result := my_func(v_arg => 'abc');
-- Error handling
BEGIN
NULL; -- This will raise an exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
v_result := 0;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_result: ' || v_result);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
CURSOR c_emp_details IS
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = id;
BEGIN
OPEN c_emp_details;
RETURN c_emp_details;
END;
BEGIN
-- De... ***
emp_id SET @NUMBER = 100;
emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
-- Ca... ***
set @emp_details = dbo.get_employee_details(emp_id);
*** cursor
DECLARE r CURSOR FOR emp_details LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@r_first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@r_last_name, ''));
FETCH r INTO;
END;
CLOSE r;
DEALLOCATE r;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
CURSOR c_emp_details IS
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = id;
BEGIN
OPEN c_emp_details;
RETURN c_emp_details;
END;
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
-- Call the function
emp_details := get_employee_details(emp_id);
-- Loop through the cursor
FOR r IN emp_details LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.first_name || ' ' || r.last_name);
END LOOP;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary updated');
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id INTO v_emp_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary updated');
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@cursor emp_cur IS
SELECT empno, ename, sal FROM emp;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp CURSOR FOR emp_cur LOOP
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = @emp_empno;
FETCH emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp;
DEALLOCATE emp;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
cursor emp_cur IS
SELECT empno, ename, sal FROM emp;
BEGIN
FOR emp IN emp_cur LOOP
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = emp.empno;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(@emp_id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT) AS
salary_updated SET @BOOLEAN = FALSE;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@ROWCOUNT > 0 BEGIN
set @salary_updated = TRUE;
END
IF salary_updated BEGIN
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
PROCEDURE update_employee(emp_id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER) IS
salary_updated BOOLEAN := FALSE;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT > 0 THEN
salary_updated := TRUE;
END IF;
IF salary_updated THEN
COMMIT;
ELSE
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @v_emp_id = 0;
SET @v_salary = 0;
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_emp_id := 0;
v_salary := 0;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE example (id FLOAT, name VARCHAR(50), PRIMARY KEY (id));
INSERT INTO example VALUES (1, 'John Doe');
SELECT * FROM example WHERE name = 'John Doe';
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = name FROM employee WHERE emp_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 1.');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE example (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(50), PRIMARY KEY (id));
INSERT INTO example VALUES (1, 'John Doe');
SELECT * FROM example WHERE name = 'John Doe';
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO emp_name FROM employee WHERE emp_id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID 1.');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_mgr IN NUMBER,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_commission IN NUMBER,
p_dept_no IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees
(
employee_id,
name,
job,
mgr,
hire_date,
salary,
commission,
dept_no
)
VALUES
(
p_employee_id,
p_name,
p_job,
p_mgr,
p_hire_date,
p_salary,
p_commission,
p_dept_no
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_job IN VARCHAR2,
p_mgr IN NUMBER,
p_hire_date IN DATE,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_commission IN NUMBER,
p_dept_no IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees
(
employee_id,
name,
job,
mgr,
hire_date,
salary,
commission,
dept_no
)
VALUES
(
p_employee_id,
p_name,
p_job,
p_mgr,
p_hire_date,
p_salary,
p_commission,
p_dept_no
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetAvgSalary(@DeptId INT) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @AvgSalary DECIMAL(10, 2);
SELECT @AvgSalary = AVG(Salary)
FROM Employees
WHERE DeptId = @DeptId;
RETURN @AvgSalary;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetAvgSalary(@DeptId INT) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @AvgSalary DECIMAL(10, 2);
SELECT AVG(Salary) INTO @AvgSalary
FROM Employees
WHERE DeptId = @DeptId;
RETURN @AvgSalary;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('add_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE add_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
@first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, email, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, email, salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_employee(
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, email, salary)
VALUES (first_name, last_name, email, salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
) IS
*** iables
old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** alary of the employee
SELECT @old_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
*** ee's salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
*** te was successful
IF old_salary IS NOT NULL BEGIN
*** sful
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Up... ***
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
employee_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
) IS
-- Declare local variables
old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get the current salary of the employee
SELECT salary INTO old_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
-- Update the employee's salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
-- Check if the update was successful
IF old_salary IS NOT NULL THEN
-- Update was successful
COMMIT;
ELSE
-- Update failed
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_new_salary
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(
@p_employee_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id
);
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_employee_name VARCHAR(30);
BEGIN
SET @v_employee_name = dbo.get_employee_name(10);
UPDATE employees
SET last_name = 'Smith'
WHERE employee_id = 10;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_new_salary
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER
)
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id
);
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_employee_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
v_employee_name := get_employee_name(10);
UPDATE employees
SET last_name = 'Smith'
WHERE employee_id = 10;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
fname IN VARCHAR2,
lname IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER,
dept_id IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, salary, department_id)
VALUES (emp_id, fname, lname, email, salary, dept_id);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE insert_employee(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
fname IN VARCHAR2,
lname IN VARCHAR2,
email IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER,
dept_id IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, salary, department_id)
VALUES (emp_id, fname, lname, email, salary, dept_id);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** tails
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_emp_salary = emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
*** exists
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** alary
UPDATE employees
SET emp_salary = v_emp_salary + 1000
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
*** lary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updated salary: ' + isnull(v_emp_salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Fetch employee details
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update employee salary
UPDATE employees
SET emp_salary = v_emp_salary + 1000
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Output updated salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updated salary: ' || v_emp_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle errors
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF @v_salary >= 5000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = @v_salary * 0.1;
END
ELSE IF @v_salary >= 3000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = @v_salary * 0.05;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 0;
END
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE employee_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 An error has occurred.', 16, 1);
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF v_salary >= 5000 THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
ELSIF v_salary >= 3000 THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.05;
ELSE
v_bonus := 0;
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE employee_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'An error has occurred.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (
@p_in_num IN AS NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
IF p_in_num > 100 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Input number is too large', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Input number: ' + isnull(p_in_num, ''));
END my_proc;
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT := 150;
BEGIN
dbo.my_proc(@v_num);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (
p_in_num IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
IF p_in_num > 100 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Input number is too large');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Input number: ' || p_in_num);
END my_proc;
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := 150;
BEGIN
my_proc(v_num);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
orders REF CURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR
IS
orders REF CURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN orders FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @first_name VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE @last_name VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @first_name = @first_name, @last_name = @last_name, @salary = @salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' + isnull(@first_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' + isnull(@last_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(@salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(employee_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE first_name VARCHAR2(20);
DECLARE last_name VARCHAR2(20);
DECLARE salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary
INTO first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' || first_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' || last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(100);
SELECT @name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @id;
RETURN @name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO name FROM emp WHERE empno = id;
RETURN name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** nformation
SELECT @emp_id = @emp_id, @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
*** exists
IF @emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** alary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** and log error
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Select employee information
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO emp_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Check if employee exists
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update employee salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback changes and log error
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
*** enario
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @v_empno = 0;
SET @v_ename = 'No data found';
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' + isnull(@v_empno, '') + ' ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
END;
/ | DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
-- Error handling scenario
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename INTO v_empno, v_ename FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_empno := 0;
v_ename := 'No data found';
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' || v_empno || ' ' || v_ename);
END;
/ |
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_total_sales(
@IN start_date AS DATE,
IN end_date DATE,
OUT total_sales NUMBER)
IS
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT SUM(sales)
FROM sales
WHERE date BETWEEN start_date AND end_date;
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 INTO @total_sales;
CLOSE c1;
IF total_sales IS NULL BEGIN
set @total_sales = 0;
END
END;
|
PROCEDURE calculate_total_sales(
IN start_date DATE,
IN end_date DATE,
OUT total_sales NUMBER)
IS
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT SUM(sales)
FROM sales
WHERE date BETWEEN start_date AND end_date;
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 INTO total_sales;
CLOSE c1;
IF total_sales IS NULL THEN
total_sales := 0;
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = isnull(last_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(first_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SET @emp_name = dbo.get_employee_name(@emp_id);
IF emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT last_name || ', ' || first_name
INTO emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
emp_name := get_employee_name(emp_id);
IF emp_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id INT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
END; | DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(6);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id INTO v_emp_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_salary
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
IF p_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary cannot be greater than 10000', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_salary
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
IF p_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary cannot be greater than 10000');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@p_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
*** iables.
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
*** e's name and salary.
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
*** ee's salary.
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE id = p_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(p_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
-- Declare local variables.
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
-- Fetch the employee's name and salary.
SELECT name, salary INTO v_name, v_salary FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
-- Update the employee's salary.
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE id = p_id;
-- Commit the changes.
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
-- St... ***
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_info', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_info;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_info(
@customer_id IN AS NUMBER)
IS
customer_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
customer_address dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
customer_phone dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @customer_name = customer_name, @customer_address = customer_address, @customer_phone = customer_phone
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(isnull(customer_name, '') + ' lives at ' + isnull(customer_address, '') + ' and can be reached at ' + isnull(customer_phone, ''));
END get_customer_info;
-- Fu... ***
IF OBJECT_ID('calculate_discount', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION calculate_discount;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION calculate_discount(
@purchase_amount IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
discount_rate NUMBER;
BEGIN
IF purchase_amount >= 100 BEGIN
set @discount_rate = 0.10;
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @discount_rate = 0.05;
END
RETURN discount_rate;
END calculate_discount;
-- SQ... ***
SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE category = 'Electronics'
AND price > 500;
*** truct
IF customer_type = 'Gold' BEGIN
set @discount = 0.15;
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @discount = 0.10;
END
*** enario
BEGIN
*** se an exception
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No data found for the specified query.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
|
-- Stored procedure
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_info(
customer_id IN NUMBER)
IS
customer_name VARCHAR2(100);
customer_address VARCHAR2(200);
customer_phone VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT customer_name, customer_address, customer_phone
INTO customer_name, customer_address, customer_phone
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(customer_name || ' lives at ' || customer_address || ' and can be reached at ' || customer_phone);
END get_customer_info;
-- Function
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calculate_discount(
purchase_amount IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
discount_rate NUMBER;
BEGIN
IF purchase_amount >= 100 THEN
discount_rate := 0.10;
ELSE
discount_rate := 0.05;
END IF;
RETURN discount_rate;
END calculate_discount;
-- SQL statement
SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE category = 'Electronics'
AND price > 500;
-- Control flow construct
IF customer_type = 'Gold' THEN
discount := 0.15;
ELSE
discount := 0.10;
END IF;
-- Error handling scenario
BEGIN
-- Code that may raise an exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No data found for the specified query.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An unexpected error occurred.');
END;
|
*** to insert a new employee
IF OBJECT_ID('insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee(
@p_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_fname IN VARCHAR2,
p_lname IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
*** to hold the values of the parameters
v_id NUMBER;
v_fname dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_lname dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_email dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** oyee already exists
SELECT @v_id = id FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
*** oes not exist, insert the new employee
IF v_id IS NULL BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (id, fname, lname, email, salary)
VALUES (p_id, p_fname, p_lname, p_email, p_salary);
*** s to the database
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** lready exists, raise an error
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee already exists', 16, 1);
END
END;
*** rocedure to insert a new employee
BEGIN
dbo.insert_employee(200, 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', 50000);
END;
*** to calculate the total salary of all employees
IF OBJECT_ID('get_total_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_total_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_salary() RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_total_salary FLOAT;
*** al salary of all employees
SELECT @v_total_salary = SUM(salary) FROM employees;
*** salary
RETURN @v_total_salary;
END;
*** to get the total salary of all employees
SELECT dbo.get_total_salary();
*** of an employee
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE id = 200;
-- De... ***
DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = 200;
|
-- Stored Procedure to insert a new employee
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE insert_employee(
p_id IN NUMBER,
p_fname IN VARCHAR2,
p_lname IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
-- Declare variables to hold the values of the parameters
v_id NUMBER;
v_fname VARCHAR2(50);
v_lname VARCHAR2(50);
v_email VARCHAR2(100);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Check if the employee already exists
SELECT id INTO v_id FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
-- If the employee does not exist, insert the new employee
IF v_id IS NULL THEN
INSERT INTO employees (id, fname, lname, email, salary)
VALUES (p_id, p_fname, p_lname, p_email, p_salary);
-- Commit the changes to the database
COMMIT;
ELSE
-- If the employee already exists, raise an error
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee already exists');
END IF;
END;
-- Call the stored procedure to insert a new employee
BEGIN
insert_employee(200, 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', 50000);
END;
-- Define a function to calculate the total salary of all employees
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_total_salary() RETURN NUMBER IS
v_total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Calculate the total salary of all employees
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO v_total_salary FROM employees;
-- Return the total salary
RETURN v_total_salary;
END;
-- Call the function to get the total salary of all employees
SELECT get_total_salary() FROM dual;
-- Update the salary of an employee
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE id = 200;
-- Delete an employee
DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = 200;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id FLOAT,
order_date DATE,
order_total FLOAT
);
CREATE TABLE customers (
customer_id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_name VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE add_order(
@IN customer_id AS @IN NUMBER,
IN order_date IN DATE,
IN order_total IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders ( customer_id, order_date, order_total)
VALUES ( customer_id, order_date, order_total);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_name(
@IN customer_id IN DECLARE @NUMBER
)
BEGIN RETURN VARCHAR2
END; IS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT customer_name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@order_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
dbo.add_order(1, DATE'2023-03-08', 100);
SET @order_id = orders_seq.currval;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error adding order', 16, 1);
END;
SELECT @order_id, dbo.get_customer_name(customer_id) AS customer_name, order_date, order_total
FROM orders WHERE @order_id = @order_id;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id NUMBER,
order_date DATE,
order_total NUMBER
);
CREATE TABLE customers (
customer_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
customer_name VARCHAR2(50)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE add_order(
IN customer_id IN NUMBER,
IN order_date IN DATE,
IN order_total IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, customer_id, order_date, order_total)
VALUES (orders_seq.NEXTVAL, customer_id, order_date, order_total);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_name(
IN customer_id IN NUMBER
) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT customer_name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
add_order(1, DATE'2023-03-08', 100);
order_id := orders_seq.currval;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error adding order');
END;
SELECT order_id, get_customer_name(customer_id) AS customer_name, order_date, order_total
FROM orders WHERE order_id = order_id;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_salary > 5000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low to be increased', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_salary > 5000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low to be increased');
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found with ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_name INTO v_emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found with ID: ' || v_emp_id);
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
END; |
*** rocedure to get customer details
IF OBJECT_ID('GET_CUSTOMER_DETAILS', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE GET_CUSTOMER_DETAILS;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE GET_CUSTOMER_DETAILS (
@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT p_customer_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_customer_address OUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_customer_name = customer_name, @p_customer_address = customer_address
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
END;
*** to calculate total sales for a product
IF OBJECT_ID('GET_TOTAL_SALES', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GET_TOTAL_SALES;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GET_TOTAL_SALES (
@p_product_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(quantity_sold)
FROM sales
WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
RETURN total_sales;
END;
*** ement to display all customers
SELECT * FROM customers;
*** w construct to check if a customer exists
IF p_customer_id IN (SELECT customer_id FROM customers) BEGIN
*** perform operations
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** exist, handle accordingly
END
*** g to catch and handle exceptions
BEGIN
*** may throw an exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** ion here
END;
|
-- Create a stored procedure to get customer details
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE GET_CUSTOMER_DETAILS (
p_customer_id IN NUMBER,
OUT p_customer_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_customer_address OUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT customer_name, customer_address
INTO p_customer_name, p_customer_address
FROM customers
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
END;
-- Create a function to calculate total sales for a product
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GET_TOTAL_SALES (
p_product_id IN NUMBER
)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(quantity_sold)
INTO total_sales
FROM sales
WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
RETURN total_sales;
END;
-- Create a SQL statement to display all customers
SELECT * FROM customers;
-- Use a control flow construct to check if a customer exists
IF p_customer_id IN (SELECT customer_id FROM customers) THEN
-- Customer exists, perform operations
ELSE
-- Customer does not exist, handle accordingly
END IF;
-- Use error handling to catch and handle exceptions
BEGIN
-- Execute code that may throw an exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle the exception here
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee
(
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
DECLARE
@salary_increment FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @salary_increment = 1.1;
DECLARE emp CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary FROM employees;
OPEN emp;
FETCH emp INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * @salary_increment
WHERE employee_id = @emp_employee_id;
FETCH emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp;
DEALLOCATE emp;
COMMIT;
END;
/
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee already has that salary', 16, 1);
END;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee
(
employee_id IN NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
DECLARE
salary_increment NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary_increment := 1.1;
FOR emp IN (SELECT employee_id, salary FROM employees)
LOOP
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * salary_increment
WHERE employee_id = emp.employee_id;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
/
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee already has that salary');
END;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF @v_salary > 10000
BEGIN
-- Gi... ***
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Lo... ***
INSERT INTO employee_log (
employee_id,
action,
timestamp
)
VALUES (
(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith'),
'Raise',
GETDATE()
);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_salary > 10000
THEN
-- Give Smith a raise
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Log the raise
INSERT INTO employee_log (
employee_id,
action,
timestamp
)
VALUES (
(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith'),
'Raise',
SYSTIMESTAMP
);
END IF;
END;
|