sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
BEGIN
*** y table to store the results
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_results AS
SELECT *
FROM table1;
*** ary table
UPDATE tmp_results
SET column1 = column1 + 1;
*** s back into the original table
INSERT INTO table1
SELECT *
FROM tmp_results;
*** y table
DROP TABLE tmp_results;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** that occur
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Create a temporary table to store the results
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_results AS
SELECT *
FROM table1;
-- Update the temporary table
UPDATE tmp_results
SET column1 = column1 + 1;
-- Insert the results back into the original table
INSERT INTO table1
SELECT *
FROM tmp_results;
-- Drop the temporary table
DROP TABLE tmp_results;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any errors that occur
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empid FLOAT := 10;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(50) := 'John Doe';
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** salary
SELECT @v_ename = ename, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE empid = @v_empid;
*** exists
IF v_ename IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE empid = @v_empid;
-- Co... SQLINES DEMO ***
COMMIT;
*** essage
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(v_ename, '') + ' salary updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ro... SQLINES DEMO ***
ROLLBACK;
*** sage
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empid NUMBER := 10;
v_ename VARCHAR2(50) := 'John Doe';
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Fetch employee's salary
SELECT ename, salary
INTO v_ename, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE empid = v_empid;
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_ename IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update employee's salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE empid = v_empid;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Display success message
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_ename || ' salary updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback changes
ROLLBACK;
-- Display error message
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE find_highest_salary
AS
CURSOR emp_salaries IS
SELECT employee_id, salary
FROM employees;
emp_id NUMBER;
max_salary SET @NUMBER = 0;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_salaries;
FETCH emp_salaries INTO @emp_id, @max_salary;
WHILE emp_salaries%FOUND BEGIN
IF max_salary < emp_salaries.salary BEGIN
set @max_salary = emp_salaries.salary;
END
FETCH emp_salaries INTO @emp_id, @max_salary;
END;
CLOSE emp_salaries;
RETURN max_salary;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE find_highest_salary
AS
CURSOR emp_salaries IS
SELECT employee_id, salary
FROM employees;
emp_id NUMBER;
max_salary NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_salaries;
FETCH emp_salaries INTO emp_id, max_salary;
WHILE emp_salaries%FOUND LOOP
IF max_salary < emp_salaries.salary THEN
max_salary := emp_salaries.salary;
END IF;
FETCH emp_salaries INTO emp_id, max_salary;
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_salaries;
RETURN max_salary;
END;
|
DECLARE
@TYPE t_employee IS RECORD(
emp_id NUMBER,
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255),
salary NUMBER
);
v_emp t_employee;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp = emp_id, emp_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 1;
*** error condition
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' + 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
TYPE t_employee IS RECORD(
emp_id NUMBER,
emp_name VARCHAR2(255),
salary NUMBER
);
v_emp t_employee;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary
INTO v_emp
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 1;
-- Handle a possible error condition
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' || 1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_emp(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, emp_name IN VARCHAR2, salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, emp_name, salary)
VALUES(emp_id, emp_name, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insert_emp(emp_id IN NUMBER, emp_name IN VARCHAR2, salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, emp_name, salary)
VALUES(emp_id, emp_name, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, salary_increment IN NUMBER)
IS
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
UPDATE employees SET salary = emp_salary + salary_increment WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
*** d procedure
dbo.update_employee_salary(100, 500);
*** ling
BEGIN
dbo.update_employee_salary(-1, 100);
EXCEPTION
WHEN APPLICATION_ERROR THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while updating employee salary.');
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, salary_increment IN NUMBER)
IS
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO emp_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
UPDATE employees SET salary = emp_salary + salary_increment WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
-- Execute the stored procedure
update_employee_salary(100, 500);
-- Custom error handling
BEGIN
update_employee_salary(-1, 100);
EXCEPTION
WHEN APPLICATION_ERROR THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while updating employee salary.');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
IF NOT FOUND BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
RETURN @salary;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @new_salary WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF NOT FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
RETURN salary;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_sal = salary FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_sal > 10000 BEGIN
-- Ra... SQLINES DEMO ***
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_sal * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Ra... SQLINES DEMO ***
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_sal * 1.05 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 No employee found with last name Smith', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_sal FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_sal > 10000 THEN
-- Raise salary by 10%
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_sal * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
-- Raise salary by 5%
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_sal * 1.05 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'No employee found with last name Smith');
END;
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
IF salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_salary_hike(@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER, p_incr_percent IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * (1 + p_incr_percent / 100)
WHERE employee_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20101 Error in updating salary', 16, 1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_salary_hike(p_emp_id IN NUMBER, p_incr_percent IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * (1 + p_incr_percent / 100)
WHERE employee_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Error in updating salary');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
IF @v_emp_id IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Found: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Not Found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(255);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
IF v_emp_id IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Found: ' || v_emp_name);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Not Found');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer(
@cust_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_name IN VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET name = new_name WHERE id = cust_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer(
cust_id IN NUMBER,
new_name IN VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET name = new_name WHERE id = cust_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer not found');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('proc_name', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE proc_name;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name(@p_input IN AS VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
IF p_input IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Input parameter cannot be null', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE table_name SET column_name = 'new_value' WHERE condition;
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES ('value1', 'value2');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Records processed: ' + ISNULL(@@ROWCOUNT, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR(-20100, SQLERRM, 16, 1);
END;
END proc_name; | CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc_name(p_input IN VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
IF p_input IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Input parameter cannot be null');
END IF;
UPDATE table_name SET column_name = 'new_value' WHERE condition;
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES ('value1', 'value2');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Records processed: ' || SQL%ROWCOUNT);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20100, SQLERRM);
END;
END proc_name; |
CREATE PROCEDURE prc_insert_employee (
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_sal IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER
)
IS
v_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_comm = comm FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
IF v_comm IS NULL BEGIN
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, sal, deptno)
VALUES (p_empno, p_ename, p_sal, p_deptno);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET ename = p_ename,
sal = p_sal,
deptno = p_deptno
WHERE empno = p_empno;
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee number already exists', 16, 1);
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE prc_insert_employee (
p_empno IN NUMBER,
p_ename IN VARCHAR2,
p_sal IN NUMBER,
p_deptno IN NUMBER
)
IS
v_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT comm INTO v_comm FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
IF v_comm IS NULL THEN
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, sal, deptno)
VALUES (p_empno, p_ename, p_sal, p_deptno);
ELSE
UPDATE emp
SET ename = p_ename,
sal = p_sal,
deptno = p_deptno
WHERE empno = p_empno;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee number already exists');
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_product', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_product;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_product(@product_id IN AS NUMBER, price IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE product SET price = price WHERE product_id = product_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_product(product_id IN NUMBER, price IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE product SET price = price WHERE product_id = product_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
BEGIN
/* SQLINES DEMO *** able */
CREATE TABLE sample_table (
id INTEGER NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
description VARCHAR(200)
);
/* SQLINES DEMO *** into the table */
INSERT INTO sample_table (id, name, description) VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 'This is John Smith');
INSERT INTO sample_table (id, name, description) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 'This is Jane Doe');
/* SQLINES DEMO *** rocedure to get the data from the table */
IF OBJECT_ID('get_data', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_data;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_data (@id IN AS INTEGER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT name, description
FROM sample_table
WHERE id = id;
END;
/* SQLINES DEMO *** to get the number of rows in the table */
IF OBJECT_ID('get_row_count', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_row_count;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_row_count () RETURNS INTEGER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sample_table);
END;
/* SQLINES DEMO *** rocedure and function */
EXECUTE dbo.get_data (1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (dbo.get_row_count ());
/* Drop the table */
DROP TABLE sample_table;
END;
|
BEGIN
/* Create a sample table */
CREATE TABLE sample_table (
id INTEGER NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
description VARCHAR2(200)
);
/* Insert some data into the table */
INSERT INTO sample_table (id, name, description) VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 'This is John Smith');
INSERT INTO sample_table (id, name, description) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 'This is Jane Doe');
/* Create a stored procedure to get the data from the table */
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_data (id IN INTEGER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT name, description
FROM sample_table
WHERE id = id;
END;
/* Create a function to get the number of rows in the table */
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_row_count () RETURN INTEGER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sample_table);
END;
/* Call the stored procedure and function */
EXECUTE get_data (1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (get_row_count ());
/* Drop the table */
DROP TABLE sample_table;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
Salary FLOAT,
DepartmentID FLOAT REFERENCES Departments(DepartmentID)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeBySalary(@pSalary IN AS NUMBER, OUT eName VARCHAR2, OUT eSalary NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @eName = name, @eSalary = salary FROM Employees WHERE salary = pSalary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@empName VARCHAR(50);
empSalary NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.GetEmployeeBySalary(10000, @empName, empSalary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + ISNULL(@empName, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + ISNULL(empSalary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that salary.');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
Salary NUMBER,
DepartmentID NUMBER REFERENCES Departments(DepartmentID)
);
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeBySalary(pSalary IN NUMBER, OUT eName VARCHAR2, OUT eSalary NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary INTO eName, eSalary FROM Employees WHERE salary = pSalary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
empName VARCHAR2(50);
empSalary NUMBER;
BEGIN
GetEmployeeBySalary(10000, empName, empSalary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || empName);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || empSalary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that salary.');
END;
END;
|
SET @SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
@l_employee_id FLOAT;
l_salary NUMBER;
l_bonus NUMBER;
l_status dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
*** s details
SELECT @l_employee_id = employee_id, @l_salary = salary, @l_status = status
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Ca... SQLINES DEMO ***
IF l_status = 'ACTIVE' BEGIN
SET @l_bonus = l_salary * 0.1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @l_bonus = 0;
END
*** ee's record
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = l_bonus
WHERE employee_id = @l_employee_id;
-- Co... SQLINES DEMO ***
COMMIT;
*** ed salary and bonus
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updated salary: ' + isnull(l_salary, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus: ' + isnull(l_bonus, ''));
EXCEPTION
*** that may occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
l_employee_id NUMBER;
l_salary NUMBER;
l_bonus NUMBER;
l_status VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
-- Get the employee's details
SELECT employee_id, salary, status
INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_status
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Calculate the bonus
IF l_status = 'ACTIVE' THEN
l_bonus := l_salary * 0.1;
ELSE
l_bonus := 0;
END IF;
-- Update the employee's record
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = l_bonus
WHERE employee_id = l_employee_id;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
-- Display the updated salary and bonus
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updated salary: ' || l_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus: ' || l_bonus);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that may occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that last name.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that last name.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
-- De... SQLINES DEMO ***
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
*** er and salary
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7839;
-- Up... SQLINES DEMO ***
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Co... SQLINES DEMO ***
COMMIT;
-- Ha... SQLINES DEMO ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
-- Get employee number and salary
SELECT empno, salary INTO v_empno, v_salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7839;
-- Update salary
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(20);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = name, @emp_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
raiserror('-20000 Employee with ID 100 not found.', 16, 1);
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR(20);
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary
INTO emp_name, emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Employee with ID 100 not found.');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || emp_salary);
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS SYS_REFCURSOR AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
SELECT
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
employee_id = @emp_id;
RETURN @emp_cur;
END;
DECLARE
emp_ref CURSOR FOR get_employee_details(100);
emp_row employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH emp_ref INTO @emp_row;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(emp_row.employee_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' + isnull(emp_row.first_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' + isnull(emp_row.last_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(emp_row.salary, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cur FOR
SELECT
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_cur;
END;
DECLARE
emp_ref CURSOR FOR get_employee_details(100);
emp_row employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
LOOP
FETCH emp_ref INTO emp_row;
EXIT WHEN emp_ref%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || emp_row.employee_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' || emp_row.first_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' || emp_row.last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || emp_row.salary);
END LOOP;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('add_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE add_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
@first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER)
IS
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = emp_seq.NEXTVAL;
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_name;
END;
SELECT * FROM employees;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
SET @emp_name = dbo.get_employee_name(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_employee(
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2,
salary IN NUMBER)
IS
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_seq.NEXTVAL INTO emp_id FROM dual;
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary)
VALUES (emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name INTO emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_name;
END;
SELECT * FROM employees;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
emp_name := get_employee_name(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders_cursor;
END;
/
DECLARE
@customer_id FLOAT := 12345;
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @orders_cursor = dbo.get_customer_orders(@customer_id);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH orders_cursor INTO @order_id, @order_date, @total_amount;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(order_id, '') + ', Order Date: ' + isnull(order_date, '') + ', Total Amount: ' + isnull(total_amount, ''));
END;
CLOSE orders_cursor;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' + isnull(@customer_id, ''));
END
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN orders_cursor FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders_cursor;
END;
/
DECLARE
customer_id NUMBER := 12345;
orders_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
orders_cursor := get_customer_orders(customer_id);
LOOP
FETCH orders_cursor INTO order_id, order_date, total_amount;
EXIT WHEN orders_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || order_id || ', Order Date: ' || order_date || ', Total Amount: ' || total_amount);
END LOOP;
CLOSE orders_cursor;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' || customer_id);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN employee%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
emp_rec employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_rec = *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20002 Error updating salary.', 16, 1);
END;
DECLARE
BEGIN
SET @emp1 = dbo.get_employee_details(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@emp1_first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@emp1_last_name, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(@emp1_salary, ''));
dbo.update_employee_salary(100, 50000);
SET @emp1 = dbo.get_employee_details(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@emp1_first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@emp1_last_name, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(@emp1_salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END; | CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN employee%ROWTYPE
IS
emp_rec employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO emp_rec
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_rec;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Error updating salary.');
END;
DECLARE
emp1 employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
emp1 := get_employee_details(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp1.first_name || ' ' || emp1.last_name || ', Salary: ' || emp1.salary);
update_employee_salary(100, 50000);
emp1 := get_employee_details(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp1.first_name || ' ' || emp1.last_name || ', Salary: ' || emp1.salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END; |
DECLARE
@l_empno FLOAT;
l_salary NUMBER;
l_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 @l_empno = empno, @l_salary = salary, @l_deptno = deptno
FROM emp
;
IF l_salary < 10000 BEGIN
SET @l_salary = l_salary * 1.10;
END
UPDATE emp
SET salary = l_salary
WHERE empno = @l_empno;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
l_empno NUMBER;
l_salary NUMBER;
l_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, salary, deptno
INTO l_empno, l_salary, l_deptno
FROM emp
WHERE rownum = 1;
IF l_salary < 10000 THEN
l_salary := l_salary * 1.10;
END IF;
UPDATE emp
SET salary = l_salary
WHERE empno = l_empno;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION square(@number IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN @number
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
set @result = number * number;
RETURN result;
END square;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@number FLOAT := 5;
result @number;
BEGIN
SET @result = square(@number);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @result = -1;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Square of ' + isnull(@number, '') + ' is ' + isnull(result, ''));
END; | CREATE FUNCTION square(number IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
result := number * number;
RETURN result;
END square;
BEGIN
DECLARE
number NUMBER := 5;
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
result := square(number);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
result := -1;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Square of ' || number || ' is ' || result);
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE @employee_id = @employee_id;
RETURN @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@employee_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@employee_id);
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
employee_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(employee_id);
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeInfo (
@OUT EMP_ID AS NUMBER,
OUT FIRST_NAME dbo.VARCHAR2(20),
OUT LAST_NAME dbo.VARCHAR2(20),
OUT SALARY NUMBER,
OUT DEPT_ID NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @EMP_ID = EMP_ID, @FIRST_NAME = FIRST_NAME, @LAST_NAME = LAST_NAME, @SALARY = SALARY, @DEPT_ID = DEPT_ID
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE EMP_ID = 100;
END;
*** rocedure
DECLARE
@EMP_ID FLOAT;
FIRST_NAME dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
LAST_NAME dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
SALARY NUMBER;
DEPT_ID NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.GetEmployeeInfo(@EMP_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY, DEPT_ID);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @EMP_ID), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' + ISNULL(FIRST_NAME, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' + ISNULL(LAST_NAME, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, SALARY), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department ID: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, DEPT_ID), ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeInfo (
OUT EMP_ID NUMBER,
OUT FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20),
OUT LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(20),
OUT SALARY NUMBER,
OUT DEPT_ID NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT EMP_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY, DEPT_ID
INTO EMP_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY, DEPT_ID
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE EMP_ID = 100;
END;
-- Call the stored procedure
DECLARE
EMP_ID NUMBER;
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20);
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(20);
SALARY NUMBER;
DEPT_ID NUMBER;
BEGIN
GetEmployeeInfo(EMP_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY, DEPT_ID);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || TO_CHAR(EMP_ID));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Name: ' || FIRST_NAME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Name: ' || LAST_NAME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || TO_CHAR(SALARY));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department ID: ' || TO_CHAR(DEPT_ID));
END;
|
SET @SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
@type emp_rowtype is record (
empno NUMBER,
ename dbo.VARCHAR2(10),
job dbo.VARCHAR2(10),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER,
comm NUMBER,
deptno NUMBER
);
emp_rec emp_rowtype;
salary_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary_sum = 0;
DECLARE emp_rec CURSOR FOR
SELECT
empno,
ename,
job,
hiredate,
sal,
comm,
deptno
FROM emp;
OPEN emp_rec;
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(
'Employee ' + isnull(@emp_rec_ename, '') + ' has salary ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @emp_rec_sal), '')
);
SET @salary_sum = salary_sum + @emp_rec_sal;
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp_rec;
DEALLOCATE emp_rec;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary for all employees: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, salary_sum), ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
|
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
type emp_rowtype is record (
empno NUMBER,
ename VARCHAR2(10),
job VARCHAR2(10),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER,
comm NUMBER,
deptno NUMBER
);
emp_rec emp_rowtype;
salary_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary_sum := 0;
FOR emp_rec IN (
SELECT
empno,
ename,
job,
hiredate,
sal,
comm,
deptno
FROM emp
) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(
'Employee ' || emp_rec.ename || ' has salary ' || TO_CHAR(emp_rec.sal)
);
salary_sum := salary_sum + emp_rec.sal;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary for all employees: ' || TO_CHAR(salary_sum));
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename
FROM emp
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
IF @v_empno < 10 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee number cannot be less than 10', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.10
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno = ' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unexpected error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT ename
INTO v_ename
FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_ename);
IF v_empno < 10 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee number cannot be less than 10');
END IF;
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.10
WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno = ' || v_empno);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unexpected error: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
DECLARE
@v_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE */;
v_ename EMPLOYEE.ename%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename FROM employee WHERE empno = 10;
IF @v_empno IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(@v_empno, '') + ' - ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with empno ' + 10 + ' not found.');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for the specified criteria.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE;
v_ename EMPLOYEE.ename%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename INTO v_empno, v_ename FROM employee WHERE empno = 10;
IF v_empno IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_empno || ' - ' || v_ename);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with empno ' || 10 || ' not found.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for the specified criteria.');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@total_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary)
FROM employees;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @total_salary = 0;
END
END;
IF @total_salary > 100000 BEGIN
RAISE TOO_MANY_EMPLOYEES;
END
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary)
INTO total_salary
FROM employees;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
total_salary := 0;
END;
IF total_salary > 100000 THEN
RAISE TOO_MANY_EMPLOYEES;
END IF;
END;
|
SET @SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found!');
END
END;
/ | SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_ename FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_ename);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found!');
END;
/ |
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary + 1000 WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low to increase', 16, 1);
END
END; | DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary + 1000 WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low to increase');
END IF;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_demo', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_demo;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_demo(@in_param1 IN AS VARCHAR2, out_param1 OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
-- So... SQLINES DEMO ***
set @out_param1 = 'Processed: ' + isnull(in_param1, '');
*** sing autonomous transactions)
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
-- Do... SQLINES DEMO ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
-- Co... SQLINES DEMO ***
IF out_param1 = 'Processed: OK' BEGIN
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
END;
DECLARE
@l_var1 VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
-- SQ... SQLINES DEMO ***
SELECT @l_var1 = name FROM users WHERE id = 1;
*** all
SET @l_var1 = dbo.func_demo(@l_var1);
*** call
dbo.sp_demo(@l_var1, @l_var1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Result: ' + isnull(@l_var1, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_demo(in_param1 IN VARCHAR2, out_param1 OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
-- Some processing
out_param1 := 'Processed: ' || in_param1;
-- Error handling (using autonomous transactions)
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
-- Do something risky
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
-- Control flow
IF out_param1 = 'Processed: OK' THEN
COMMIT;
ELSE
ROLLBACK;
END IF;
END;
DECLARE
l_var1 VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
-- SQL statement
SELECT name INTO l_var1 FROM users WHERE id = 1;
-- PL/SQL function call
l_var1 := func_demo(l_var1);
-- Stored procedure call
sp_demo(l_var1, l_var1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Result: ' || l_var1);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF @v_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found with ID 1', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @v_id = 0;
SET @v_name = NULL;
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT id, name INTO v_id, v_name FROM employees WHERE id = 1;
IF v_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found with ID 1');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_id := 0;
v_name := NULL;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END; |
CREATE TABLE employees (
employee_id FLOAT,
first_name VARCHAR(50),
salary FLOAT
);
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, salary) VALUES (1, 'John', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, salary) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 20000);
IF OBJECT_ID('get_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_salary(@employee_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE @employee_id = @employee_id;
RETURN @salary;
END;
DECLARE
@bonus FLOAT := 5000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + @bonus WHERE salary < 15000;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
employee_id NUMBER,
first_name VARCHAR2(50),
salary NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, salary) VALUES (1, 'John', 10000);
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, salary) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 20000);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_salary(employee_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
DECLARE
bonus NUMBER := 5000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + bonus WHERE salary < 15000;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(@cust_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
-- De... SQLINES DEMO ***
total_orders NUMBER;
order_date DATE;
order_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** for customer
SELECT @total_orders = COUNT(*)
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
*** rder
SELECT @order_date = MAX(order_date), @order_total = SUM(order_total)
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
-- Ha... SQLINES DEMO ***
IF total_orders = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No orders found for customer with ID ' + isnull(cust_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
-- Ou... SQLINES DEMO ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total orders: ' + isnull(total_orders, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Most recent order date: ' + isnull(order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total amount of most recent order: ' + isnull(order_total, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerOrders(cust_id IN NUMBER)
AS
-- Declare variables
total_orders NUMBER;
order_date DATE;
order_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get total orders for customer
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO total_orders
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
-- Get most recent order
SELECT MAX(order_date), SUM(order_total)
INTO order_date, order_total
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
-- Handle error case
IF total_orders = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No orders found for customer with ID ' || cust_id);
END IF;
-- Output results
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total orders: ' || total_orders);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Most recent order date: ' || order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total amount of most recent order: ' || order_total);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee(@p_empno IN AS NUMBER, p_ename IN VARCHAR2, p_job IN VARCHAR2, p_mgr IN NUMBER, p_hiredate IN DATE, p_sal IN NUMBER, p_comm IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm)
VALUES (p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_mgr, p_hiredate, p_sal, p_comm);
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee inserted successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error inserting employee: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = sal
FROM employees
WHERE empno = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(@v_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that empno');
END
END;
/
|
PROCEDURE insert_employee(p_empno IN NUMBER, p_ename IN VARCHAR2, p_job IN VARCHAR2, p_mgr IN NUMBER, p_hiredate IN DATE, p_sal IN NUMBER, p_comm IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm)
VALUES (p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_mgr, p_hiredate, p_sal, p_comm);
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee inserted successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error inserting employee: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT sal
INTO v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE empno = 100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that empno');
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (@IN p1 AS NUMBER, OUT p2 VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
*** ameter p1
SELECT @p2 = name FROM employees WHERE id = p1;
*** the employee does not exist
IF p2 IS NULL BEGIN
raiserror('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (IN p1 NUMBER, OUT p2 VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
-- Process input parameter p1
SELECT name INTO p2 FROM employees WHERE id = p1;
-- Raise an error if the employee does not exist
IF p2 IS NULL THEN
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
dept_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = e.name, @dept_name = d.name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE e.employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department name: ' + isnull(dept_name, ''));
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_details(@emp_id);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given ID.');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER)
AS
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
dept_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT e.name, d.name
INTO emp_name, dept_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE e.employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department name: ' || dept_name);
END;
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
BEGIN
get_employee_details(emp_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given ID.');
END;
|
BEGIN
*** e to store the result
DECLARE @result FLOAT;
*** retrieve data from the database
SELECT SUM(salary)
FROM employees;
*** om the cursor
FETCH my_cursor INTO @result;
-- Cl... SQLINES DEMO ***
CLOSE my_cursor;
-- Pr... SQLINES DEMO ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary: ' + isnull(@result, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
-- Ha... SQLINES DEMO ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare a variable to store the result
DECLARE result NUMBER;
-- Open a cursor to retrieve data from the database
OPEN my_cursor FOR
SELECT SUM(salary)
FROM employees;
-- Fetch the data from the cursor
FETCH my_cursor INTO result;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE my_cursor;
-- Print the result
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary: ' || result);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle the error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END; |
BEGIN
/* SQLINES DEMO *** */
v_emp_id SET @NUMBER = 100;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_salary NUMBER;
/* SQLINES DEMO *** fetch into variables */
SELECT emp_name, salary
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
FETCH c_emp INTO @v_emp_name, @v_salary;
IF c_emp%FOUND BEGIN
/* SQLINES DEMO *** ed data */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
/* No data found */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' + isnull(v_emp_id, ''));
END
CLOSE c_emp;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
BEGIN
/* Declare variables */
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_salary NUMBER;
/* Open a cursor and fetch into variables */
OPEN c_emp FOR
SELECT emp_name, salary
FROM emp
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
FETCH c_emp INTO v_emp_name, v_salary;
IF c_emp%FOUND THEN
/* Process the fetched data */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
ELSE
/* No data found */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' || v_emp_id);
END IF;
CLOSE c_emp;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
@first_name VARCHAR(4000)(20),
@last_name VARCHAR(4000)(20),
@salary FLOAT
)
AS
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id
FROM emp
WHERE first_name = first_name AND last_name = last_name;
IF emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
INSERT INTO emp (
first_name,
last_name,
salary
)
VALUES (
first_name,
last_name,
salary
);
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20100 Employee already exists.', 16, 1);
END
END;
DECLARE
@e_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @e_id = dbo.add_employee('John', 'Doe', 10000);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(@e_id, '') + ' added successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
first_name VARCHAR2(20),
last_name VARCHAR2(20),
salary NUMBER
)
AS
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id
INTO emp_id
FROM emp
WHERE first_name = first_name AND last_name = last_name;
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
INSERT INTO emp (
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
)
VALUES (
emp_id_seq.NEXTVAL,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
);
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20100, 'Employee already exists.');
END IF;
END;
DECLARE
e_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
e_id := add_employee('John', 'Doe', 10000);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || e_id || ' added successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE upsert_data (@p_id IN AS NUMBER, p_name IN VARCHAR2, p_age IN NUMBER)
IS
l_affected_rows NUMBER;
BEGIN
MERGE INTO users u
USING (SELECT p_id, p_name, p_age) s
ON (u.id = s.p_id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET u.name = s.p_name, u.age = s.p_age
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (name, age) VALUES (s.p_name, s.p_age);
set @l_affected_rows = @@ROWCOUNT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
*** o calculate total orders for a customer
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_orders (@p_customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
l_total_orders NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_total_orders = COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
RETURN l_total_orders;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN -1; -- in... SQLINES DEMO ***
END;
*** with dynamic SQL based on user input
DECLARE
@p_deptno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @p_deptno = 10;
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'SELECT * FROM employees WHERE deptno = :dept', N'@p_deptno',
@p_deptno;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE upsert_data (p_id IN NUMBER, p_name IN VARCHAR2, p_age IN NUMBER)
IS
l_affected_rows NUMBER;
BEGIN
MERGE INTO users u
USING (SELECT p_id, p_name, p_age FROM DUAL) s
ON (u.id = s.p_id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET u.name = s.p_name, u.age = s.p_age
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (name, age) VALUES (s.p_name, s.p_age);
l_affected_rows := SQL%ROWCOUNT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
-- sample function to calculate total orders for a customer
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_orders (p_customer_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
l_total_orders NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO l_total_orders FROM orders WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
RETURN l_total_orders;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN -1; -- indicate error
END;
-- select statement with dynamic SQL based on user input
DECLARE
p_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
p_deptno := 10;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT * FROM employees WHERE deptno = :dept'
USING p_deptno;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20) := 'SCOTT';
v_sal SET @NUMBER = 8000;
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = v_sal WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error while updating: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(v_ename, '') + ' salary updated to ' + isnull(v_sal, ''));
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20) := 'SCOTT';
v_sal NUMBER := 8000;
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = v_sal WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error while updating: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_ename || ' salary updated to ' || v_sal);
END;
/
|
SET @SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SCOTT';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SCOTT';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Number: ' || v_empno);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@p_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
*** iables
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
*** e to get the employee's name and salary
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
*** the data
IF v_salary > 100000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(v_name, '') + ' earns a high salary.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(v_name, '') + ' earns a low salary.');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(p_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
-- Declare local variables
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
-- Query the database to get the employee's name and salary
SELECT name, salary INTO v_name, v_salary FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
-- Do something with the data
IF v_salary > 100000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_name || ' earns a high salary.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_name || ' earns a low salary.');
END IF;
END;
|
sql
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS INTEGER, order_id IN INTEGER, new_quantity IN INTEGER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET quantity = new_quantity WHERE customer_id = customer_id AND order_id = order_id;
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Order not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total(@customer_id IN INTEGERDECLARE , order_id
begin IN
RETURN NULL;
END; INTEGER)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @result = SUM(price * quantity) FROM order_details WHERE customer_id = customer_id AND order_id = order_id;
RETURN result;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@order_total FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @order_total = dbo.get_order_total(:customer_id, :order_id);
IF @order_total IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Order not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order total: ' + isnull(@order_total, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred. Error code: ' + ISNULL(@@ERROR, ''));
END;
END;
| sql
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer_orders(customer_id IN INTEGER, order_id IN INTEGER, new_quantity IN INTEGER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET quantity = new_quantity WHERE customer_id = customer_id AND order_id = order_id;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Order not found');
END IF;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total(customer_id IN INTEGER, order_id IN INTEGER)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(price * quantity) INTO result FROM order_details WHERE customer_id = customer_id AND order_id = order_id;
RETURN result;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
order_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
order_total := get_order_total(:customer_id, :order_id);
IF order_total IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Order not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order total: ' || order_total);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred. Error code: ' || SQLCODE);
END;
END;
|
-- De... SQLINES DEMO ***
DECLARE
@v_empno float;
v_salary number;
v_deptno number;
v_bonus SET @number = 0;
BEGIN
*** ils
SELECT @v_empno = ename, @v_salary = job, @v_deptno = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 10;
-- Ca... SQLINES DEMO ***
IF v_salary > 5000
BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.1;
END
ELSE IF v_salary > 3000
BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.05;
END
-- Up... SQLINES DEMO ***
UPDATE emp
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE empno = 10;
*** ed bonus
SELECT ename, bonus
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 An error occurred.', 16, 1);
END;
|
-- Declare variables
DECLARE
v_empno number;
v_salary number;
v_deptno number;
v_bonus number := 0;
BEGIN
-- Get employee details
SELECT ename, job, sal
INTO v_empno, v_salary, v_deptno
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 10;
-- Calculate the bonus
IF v_salary > 5000
THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
ELSIF v_salary > 3000
THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.05;
END IF;
-- Update the bonus
UPDATE emp
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE empno = 10;
-- Display the updated bonus
SELECT ename, bonus
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'An error occurred.');
END;
|
sql
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
*** to store employee details
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
emp_salary NUMBER;
emp_dept dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
*** ployee details
SELECT @emp_name = name, @emp_salary = salary, @emp_dept = department_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** ee details
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(emp_salary, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Department: ' + isnull(emp_dept, ''));
END;
| sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
-- Declare variables to store employee details
emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
emp_salary NUMBER;
emp_dept VARCHAR2(50);
-- Query to fetch employee details
SELECT name, salary, department_name
INTO emp_name, emp_salary, emp_dept
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Output the employee details
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || emp_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Department: ' || emp_dept);
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... SQLINES DEMO ***
DECLARE @v_result FLOAT;
BEGIN
-- Ex... SQLINES DEMO ***
SELECT @v_result = SUM(salary) FROM employees;
-- Pr... SQLINES DEMO ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary: ' + isnull(@v_result, ''));
-- Ha... SQLINES DEMO ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables.
DECLARE v_result NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Execute the query.
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO v_result FROM employees;
-- Print the result.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary: ' || v_result);
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors.
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_status dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary, @v_status = status
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
IF v_status = 'Active' BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee is not active', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_status VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary, status
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary, v_status
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 100;
IF v_status = 'Active' THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee is not active');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id SMALLINT;
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_id = 10;
IF @v_emp_id IS NOT NULL BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 100 WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee ID is null', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(4);
BEGIN
v_emp_id := 10;
IF v_emp_id IS NOT NULL THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 100 WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee ID is null');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary DECIMAL(12, 2) := 10000;
BEGIN
IF @v_salary > 5000
BEGIN
*** employees with salaries greater than 5000
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE salary > 5000;
END;
ELSE
*** from employees with salaries less than or equal to 5000
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 0.90
WHERE salary <= 5000;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred during salary adjustment: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER(12, 2) := 10000;
BEGIN
IF v_salary > 5000 THEN
BEGIN
-- Grant a bonus to employees with salaries greater than 5000
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE salary > 5000;
END;
ELSE
-- Deduct a penalty from employees with salaries less than or equal to 5000
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 0.90
WHERE salary <= 5000;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred during salary adjustment: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
error_occurred EXCEPTION;
v_salary SET @NUMBER = 10000;
BEGIN
*** tructs
IF v_salary >= 15000 BEGIN
SET @v_salary = v_salary + 1000;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_salary = v_salary - 1000;
END
-- Er... SQLINES DEMO ***
BEGIN
-- SQ... SQLINES DEMO ***
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary WHERE emp_id = 1;
EXCEPTION WHEN error_occurred THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred!');
END;
*** or Functions
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'BEGIN calculate_bonus(@bonus_out); END;', N'@OUT', @OUT bonus_out;
END;
|
DECLARE
error_occurred EXCEPTION;
v_salary NUMBER := 10000;
BEGIN
-- Control Flow Constructs
IF v_salary >= 15000 THEN
v_salary := v_salary + 1000;
ELSE
v_salary := v_salary - 1000;
END IF;
-- Error Handling
BEGIN
-- SQL Statements
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary WHERE emp_id = 1;
EXCEPTION WHEN error_occurred THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred!');
END;
-- Stored Procedures or Functions
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'BEGIN calculate_bonus(@bonus_out); END;' USING OUT bonus_out;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SMITH';
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE ename = 'SMITH';
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
v_empno NUMBER;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary, @v_empno = empno, @v_deptno = deptno FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = @v_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than 10000');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that empno');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
v_empno NUMBER;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary, empno, deptno INTO v_salary, v_empno, v_deptno FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than 10000');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that empno');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
RETURN @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee with ID ' + isnull(@emp_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END get_employee_salary;
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee with ID ' || emp_id || ' not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || salary);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_example(@p1 IN AS NUMBER, p2 OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
set @p2 = 'Value for ' + isnull(p1, '');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
END proc_example;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_example(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
p2 := 'Value for ' || p1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
END proc_example;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
@employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
employee_id IN NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
) AS
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_emp_name = employee_name, @v_emp_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_emp_salary > 5000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employee found with ID ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(255);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, employee_name, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_emp_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF v_emp_salary > 5000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employee found with ID ' || v_emp_id);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@a IN AS NUMBER, b IN NUMBER)
AS
c NUMBER;
BEGIN
set @c = a + b;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Result: ' + isnull(c, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(a IN NUMBER, b IN NUMBER)
AS
c NUMBER;
BEGIN
c := a + b;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Result: ' || c);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@CURSOR c_emp IS
SELECT empno, ename, sal
FROM emp;
BEGIN
DECLARE r_emp CURSOR FOR c_emp LOOP
IF @r_emp_sal < 3000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = @r_emp_empno;
END
FETCH r_emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE r_emp;
DEALLOCATE r_emp;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully!');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
CURSOR c_emp IS
SELECT empno, ename, sal
FROM emp;
BEGIN
FOR r_emp IN c_emp LOOP
IF r_emp.sal < 3000 THEN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.1
WHERE empno = r_emp.empno;
END IF;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully!');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL
);
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary (
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_average_salary () RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_id FLOAT;
DECLARE @new_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = id, @new_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE name = 'John Doe';
IF @new_salary > 50000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
CALL update_salary(@emp_id, @new_salary);
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT dbo.get_average_salary()); | CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL
);
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary (
emp_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_average_salary () RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_id NUMBER;
DECLARE new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT id, salary INTO emp_id, new_salary FROM employees WHERE name = 'John Doe';
IF new_salary > 50000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
CALL update_salary(emp_id, new_salary);
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT get_average_salary()); |
CREATE PROCEDURE test_transaction AS
v_emp_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** ent salary of an employee
SELECT @v_emp_sal = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
*** ee's salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_emp_sal + 100 WHERE employee_id = 1;
*** l logic within the transaction
*** ction to make the changes permanent
COMMIT;
*** that may have occurred
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** saction to undo any changes
ROLLBACK;
END test_transaction;
|
PROCEDURE test_transaction IS
v_emp_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Retrieve the current salary of an employee
SELECT salary INTO v_emp_sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
-- Update the employee's salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_emp_sal + 100 WHERE employee_id = 1;
-- Process additional logic within the transaction
-- Commit the transaction to make the changes permanent
COMMIT;
-- Handle any errors that may have occurred
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback the transaction to undo any changes
ROLLBACK;
END test_transaction;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; | DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE empno = 10;
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1;
IF @v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20101 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = 1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20102 No employees found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1;
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20102, 'No employees found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
IF salary < 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too low', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary < 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too low');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM table1; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @rec_column1 > 0 BEGIN
UPDATE table2 SET column2 = @rec_column1 WHERE column3 = @rec_column2;
END
ELSE BEGIN
DELETE FROM table2 WHERE column3 = @rec_column2;
END
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; | BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM table1) LOOP
IF rec.column1 > 0 THEN
UPDATE table2 SET column2 = rec.column1 WHERE column3 = rec.column2;
ELSE
DELETE FROM table2 WHERE column3 = rec.column2;
END IF;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; |
sql
CREATE PROCEDURE Proc1(@IN Param1 AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
-- Do... SQLINES DEMO ***
INSERT INTO Table1 (Col1) VALUES (Param1);
END;
sql
DECLARE
@v_id INT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id FROM Table1 WHERE name = 'John';
IF @v_id IS NULL BEGIN
INSERT INTO Table1 (name) VALUES ('John');
END
END;
sql
CREATE FUNCTION Increment(@IN Numeric NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN Num + 1;
END;
sql
SELECT *
FROM Table1
WHERE num_items = (
SELECT MAX(num_items)
FROM Table1
);
sql
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_error VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Table1 (name) VALUES ('John');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @v_error = SQLERRM;
*** the error message
END;
END;
| sql
CREATE PROCEDURE Proc1(IN Param1 NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
-- Do something
INSERT INTO Table1 (Col1) VALUES (Param1);
END;
sql
DECLARE
v_id INT;
BEGIN
SELECT id INTO v_id FROM Table1 WHERE name = 'John';
IF v_id IS NULL THEN
INSERT INTO Table1 (name) VALUES ('John');
END IF;
END;
sql
CREATE FUNCTION Increment(IN Num NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
RETURN Num + 1;
END;
sql
SELECT *
FROM Table1
WHERE num_items = (
SELECT MAX(num_items)
FROM Table1
);
sql
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_error VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Table1 (name) VALUES ('John');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
v_error := SQLERRM;
-- Do something with the error message
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@name VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = :id
INTO name;
IF @name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(@name, ''));
END
END;
|
DECLARE
name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = :id
INTO name;
IF name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || name);
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_no FLOAT;
v_dept_no NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_no = emp_no, @v_dept_no = dept_no FROM emp WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF v_dept_no IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Department not found for employee ' + isnull(@v_emp_no, ''), 16, 1);
END
UPDATE dept SET location_id = 20 WHERE deptno = v_dept_no;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(@v_emp_no, '') + ' moved to department ' + isnull(v_dept_no, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_emp_no NUMBER;
v_dept_no NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_no, dept_no INTO v_emp_no, v_dept_no FROM emp WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF v_dept_no IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Department not found for employee ' || v_emp_no);
END IF;
UPDATE dept SET location_id = 20 WHERE deptno = v_dept_no;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_emp_no || ' moved to department ' || v_dept_no);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 50000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary not eligible for raise', 16, 1);
END
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 50000 THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary not eligible for raise');
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = ename, @v_salary = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7369;
IF v_salary < 10000
BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too low!', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal
INTO v_empno, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7369;
IF v_salary < 10000
THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too low!');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
RETURN @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
-- De... SQLINES DEMO ***
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** to get the employee's salary
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id);
*** ry is greater than 10000
IF salary > 10000 BEGIN
*** the salary is greater than 10000
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too high', 16, 1);
END
*** e's salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The employee''s salary is: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
-- Declare variables
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Call the function to get the employee's salary
salary := get_employee_salary(emp_id);
-- Check if the salary is greater than 10000
IF salary > 10000 THEN
-- Raise an error if the salary is greater than 10000
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too high');
END IF;
-- Print the employee's salary
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The employee''s salary is: ' || salary);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@ret_val FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @ret_val = 10 / 0;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error has occurred.');
END;
IF @ret_val IS NULL BEGIN
RAISE PROGRAM_ERROR('Division by zero');
END
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
ret_val NUMBER;
BEGIN
ret_val := 10 / 0;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error has occurred.');
END;
IF ret_val IS NULL THEN
RAISE PROGRAM_ERROR('Division by zero');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 100;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno ' + isnull(@v_empno, ''));
END
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 100;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO v_ename FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_ename);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno ' || v_empno);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT name FROM employees WHERE @id = @id);
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@id FLOAT, @salary FLOAT) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @salary WHERE @id = @id;
END;
DECLARE
@employee_id FLOAT := 10;
salary SET @NUMBER = 30000;
BEGIN
*** using a function
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(dbo.get_employee_name(@employee_id), ''));
*** alary using a procedure
dbo.update_employee_salary(@employee_id, salary);
*** rror in procedure call
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while updating salary');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT name FROM employees WHERE id = id);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(id NUMBER, salary NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary WHERE id = id;
END;
DECLARE
employee_id NUMBER := 10;
salary NUMBER := 30000;
BEGIN
-- Get employee name using a function
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || get_employee_name(employee_id));
-- Update employee salary using a procedure
update_employee_salary(employee_id, salary);
-- Handle possible error in procedure call
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while updating salary');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
v_order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_order_id = order_id FROM orders WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
IF v_order_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer has no orders', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer has orders: ' + isnull(v_order_id, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (p_customer_id IN NUMBER) IS
v_order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id INTO v_order_id FROM orders WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
IF v_order_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer has no orders');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer has orders: ' || v_order_id);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetCustomerOrders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders(@customer_id FLOAT)
RETURNS SYS_REFCURSOR
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @orders_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE @customer_id = @customer_id;
RETURN @orders_cur;
END;
DECLARE
@customer_id FLOAT := 12345;
orders_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
order_id NUMBER;
order_date DATE;
total_amount NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @orders_cur = dbo.GetCustomerOrders(@customer_id);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH orders_cur INTO @order_id, @order_date, @total_amount;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + isnull(order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' + isnull(total_amount, ''));
END;
CLOSE orders_cur;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' + isnull(@customer_id, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders(customer_id NUMBER)
RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR
IS
orders_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN orders_cur FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN orders_cur;
END;
DECLARE
customer_id NUMBER := 12345;
orders_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
order_id NUMBER;
order_date DATE;
total_amount NUMBER;
BEGIN
orders_cur := GetCustomerOrders(customer_id);
LOOP
FETCH orders_cur INTO order_id, order_date, total_amount;
EXIT WHEN orders_cur%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' || total_amount);
END LOOP;
CLOSE orders_cur;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for customer ' || customer_id);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
@first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(first_name, last_name)
VALUES (first_name, last_name);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'John' AND last_name = 'Doe';
IF @emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id
);
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(
first_name IN VARCHAR2,
last_name IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(first_name, last_name)
VALUES (first_name, last_name);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id INTO emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'John' AND last_name = 'Doe';
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END;
/
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id
);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
sal NUMBER;
row_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id, @sal = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF sal > 10000 BEGIN
SET @row_count = 1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @row_count = 0;
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 1000 WHERE employee_id = 1;
INSERT INTO audit_log VALUES (@emp_id, sal, row_count);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
sal NUMBER;
row_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary INTO emp_id, sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF sal > 10000 THEN
row_count := 1;
ELSE
row_count := 0;
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 1000 WHERE employee_id = 1;
INSERT INTO audit_log VALUES (emp_id, sal, row_count);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('create_table', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE create_table;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE create_table(@p_table_name IN AS VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'CREATE TABLE ' || isnull(p_table_name, '') + '
(
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(100)
)';
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_max_id', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_max_id;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_max_id(@p_table_name IN VARCHAR2DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
max_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'SELECT MAX(id) FROM ' || p_table_name INTO max_id;
RETURN max_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (i, 'Employee' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, i), ''));
END;
END;
DECLARE
l_emp_id EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA dbo.EXCEPTION_INIT(l_emp_id, -1);
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (5, 'Invalid Name');
EXCEPTION
WHEN l_emp_id THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Invalid employee ID');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE create_table(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE ' || p_table_name || '
(
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(100)
)';
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_max_id(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
max_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT MAX(id) FROM ' || p_table_name INTO max_id;
RETURN max_id;
END;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (i, 'Employee' || TO_CHAR(i));
END LOOP;
END;
DECLARE
l_emp_id EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(l_emp_id, -1);
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (5, 'Invalid Name');
EXCEPTION
WHEN l_emp_id THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Invalid employee ID');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer(@id_ IN AS NUMBER, name_ IN VARCHAR2, address_ IN VARCHAR2, phone_ IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET name = name_, address = address_, phone = phone_ WHERE id = id_;
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer(@id_ IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN customers%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT * FROM customers WHERE id = id_);
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE customer CURSOR FOR SELECT id, name, address, phone FROM customers; OPEN customer;
FETCH customer INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(@customer_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(@customer_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(@customer_address, '') + ' ' + isnull(@customer_phone, ''));
FETCH customer INTO;
END;
CLOSE customer;
DEALLOCATE customer;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer(id_ IN NUMBER, name_ IN VARCHAR2, address_ IN VARCHAR2, phone_ IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET name = name_, address = address_, phone = phone_ WHERE id = id_;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer(id_ IN NUMBER) RETURN customers%ROWTYPE IS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT * FROM customers WHERE id = id_);
END;
/
BEGIN
FOR customer IN (SELECT id, name, address, phone FROM customers) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(customer.id || ' ' || customer.name || ' ' || customer.address || ' ' || customer.phone);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
BEGIN
*** ions
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
-- In... SQLINES DEMO ***
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
-- Pr... SQLINES DEMO ***
IF v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
-- Ou... SQLINES DEMO ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Variable Declarations
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
-- Input
SELECT emp_id, emp_name INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
-- Processing
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Output
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetCustomerInfo', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetCustomerInfo;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerInfo(@cust_id FLOAT)
RETURNS CustomerDECLARE %ROWTYPE
BEGIN
IS
RETURN NULL;
END;
l_customer Customer%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_customer = * FROM Customers WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
RETURN l_customer;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
SET @l_cust_info = dbo.GetCustomerInfo(100);
IF @l_cust_info IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer Name: ' + isnull(@l_cust_info_customer_name, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer not found');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(@@ERROR, '') + ' - ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetCustomerInfo(cust_id NUMBER)
RETURN Customer%ROWTYPE
IS
l_customer Customer%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO l_customer FROM Customers WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
RETURN l_customer;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer not found');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE l_cust_info Customer%ROWTYPE;
l_cust_info := GetCustomerInfo(100);
IF l_cust_info IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer Name: ' || l_cust_info.customer_name);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer not found');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLCODE || ' - ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
v_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename, @v_sal = sal, @v_comm = comm
FROM emp
WHERE empno = :v_empno;
IF v_comm IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_comm = 0;
END
SET @v_sal = v_sal + v_comm;
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_sal
WHERE empno = :v_empno;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No data found for employee number ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, :v_empno), ''));
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
v_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, sal, comm
INTO v_ename, v_sal, v_comm
FROM emp
WHERE empno = :v_empno;
IF v_comm IS NULL THEN
v_comm := 0;
END IF;
v_sal := v_sal + v_comm;
UPDATE emp
SET sal = v_sal
WHERE empno = :v_empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('No data found for employee number ' || TO_CHAR(:v_empno));
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... SQLINES DEMO ***
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
*** variables
set @v_empno = 7839;
set @v_salary = 40000;
*** salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary
WHERE empno = v_empno;
*** ction
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Ha... SQLINES DEMO ***
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
-- Assign values to variables
v_empno := 7839;
v_salary := 40000;
-- Update employee's salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary
WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Commit the transaction
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RETURN -1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RETURN salary;
END
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @emp_salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(100);
IF @emp_salary < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid employee ID', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(@emp_salary, ''));
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given ID');
END
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RETURN -1;
ELSE
RETURN salary;
END IF;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_salary := get_employee_salary(100);
IF emp_salary < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid employee ID');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || emp_salary);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the given ID');
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('p_insert_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE p_insert_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE p_insert_customer
(
@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO customer
(customer_id, first_name, last_name, email, phone)
VALUES
(p_customer_id, p_first_name, p_last_name, p_email, p_phone);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
RAISE;
END;
/
BEGIN
dbo.p_insert_customer(101, 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', '123-456-7890');
dbo.p_insert_customer(102, 'Jane', 'Doe', 'jane.doe@example.com', '098-765-4321');
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE p_insert_customer
(
p_customer_id IN NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_phone IN VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO customer
(customer_id, first_name, last_name, email, phone)
VALUES
(p_customer_id, p_first_name, p_last_name, p_email, p_phone);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
RAISE;
END;
/
BEGIN
p_insert_customer(101, 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', '123-456-7890');
p_insert_customer(102, 'Jane', 'Doe', 'jane.doe@example.com', '098-765-4321');
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id BIGINT;
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 10000');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than 10000');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the name John Doe');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(10);
v_salary NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 10000');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than 10000');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with the name John Doe');
END;
|
*** to Transfer Funds Between Accounts
CREATE PROCEDURE TransferFunds(
@IN from_account AS NUMBER,
IN to_account NUMBER,
IN amount NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
*** unts exist
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM accounts WHERE account_id = from_account) BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 From account does not exist', 16, 1);
END
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM accounts WHERE account_id = to_account) BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 To account does not exist', 16, 1);
END
*** nt is valid
IF amount < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20003 Amount must be positive', 16, 1);
END
*** account has sufficient funds
DECLARE @from_balance FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @from_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = from_account;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20004 From account has no balance', 16, 1);
END
END;
IF @from_balance < amount BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20005 From account has insufficient funds', 16, 1);
END
-- Up... SQLINES DEMO ***
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_id = from_account;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_id = to_account;
COMMIT;
END TransferFunds;
|
-- Stored Procedure to Transfer Funds Between Accounts
CREATE PROCEDURE TransferFunds(
IN from_account NUMBER,
IN to_account NUMBER,
IN amount NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
-- Check if the accounts exist
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM accounts WHERE account_id = from_account) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'From account does not exist');
END IF;
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM accounts WHERE account_id = to_account) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'To account does not exist');
END IF;
-- Check if the amount is valid
IF amount < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20003, 'Amount must be positive');
END IF;
-- Check if the from account has sufficient funds
DECLARE from_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO from_balance FROM accounts WHERE account_id = from_account;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20004, 'From account has no balance');
END;
IF from_balance < amount THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20005, 'From account has insufficient funds');
END IF;
-- Update the accounts
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_id = from_account;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_id = to_account;
COMMIT;
END TransferFunds;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_example(
@p1 IN AS VARCHAR2,
p2 IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL)
IS
v_out dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_out = name FROM table1 WHERE id = p1;
IF v_out IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 No record exists.', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE table2 SET value = p2 WHERE id = v_out;
END;
-- Fu... SQLINES DEMO ***
CREATE FUNCTION fn_example(@p1 IN VARCHAR2DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
v_out dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_out = name FROM table1 WHERE id = p1;
RETURN v_out;
END;
-- SQ... SQLINES DEMO ***
SELECT
*
FROM table1
WHERE id = 10;
*** truct
IF id IS NOT NULL BEGIN
UPDATE table1 SET name = 'new name';
END
ELSE BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (dbo.NEXTVAL('id_seq'), 'new name');
END
-- Er... SQLINES DEMO ***
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (id, 'name');
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
ROLLBACK;
WHEN others THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_example(
p1 IN VARCHAR2,
p2 IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL)
IS
v_out VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_out FROM table1 WHERE id = p1;
IF v_out IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'No record exists.');
END IF;
UPDATE table2 SET value = p2 WHERE id = v_out;
END;
-- Function
CREATE FUNCTION fn_example(p1 IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
v_out VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_out FROM table1 WHERE id = p1;
RETURN v_out;
END;
-- SQL statement
SELECT
*
FROM table1
WHERE id = 10;
-- Control flow construct
IF id IS NOT NULL THEN
UPDATE table1 SET name = 'new name';
ELSE
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (NEXTVAL('id_seq'), 'new name');
END IF;
-- Error handling
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (id, 'name');
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index THEN
ROLLBACK;
WHEN others THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
@sal FLOAT := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT @sal = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF @sal > 50000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = @sal * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 10;
END
ELSE IF @sal >= 40000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = @sal * 1.05 WHERE employee_id = 10;
END
END;
|
DECLARE
sal NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF sal > 50000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = sal * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 10;
ELSIF sal >= 40000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = sal * 1.05 WHERE employee_id = 10;
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE t1 (a FLOAT, b VARCHAR(20));
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3, 'three');
CREATE PROCEDURE p1 (@num IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a > num;
END;
DECLARE
@i FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @i = 0;
WHILE @i < 10 BEGIN
dbo.p1(@i);
SET @i = @i + 1;
END;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No more rows to delete');
END
END;
SELECT * FROM t1;
|
CREATE TABLE t1 (a NUMBER, b VARCHAR2(20));
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3, 'three');
CREATE PROCEDURE p1 (num IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a > num;
END;
DECLARE
i NUMBER;
BEGIN
i := 0;
WHILE i < 10 LOOP
p1(i);
i := i + 1;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No more rows to delete');
END;
SELECT * FROM t1;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('avg_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION avg_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION avg_salary(@dept_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
total_salary NUMBER;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary) COUNT(*) INTO emp_count
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = dept_id;
IF emp_count = 0 BEGIN
RETURN 0;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RETURN total_salary / emp_count;
END
END avg_salary;
DECLARE
@avg_sal FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @avg_sal = dbo.avg_salary(20);
IF @avg_sal IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employees found in department 20', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary for department 20: ' + isnull(@avg_sal, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION avg_salary(dept_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
total_salary NUMBER;
emp_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO total_salary, COUNT(*) INTO emp_count
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = dept_id;
IF emp_count = 0 THEN
RETURN 0;
ELSE
RETURN total_salary / emp_count;
END IF;
END avg_salary;
DECLARE
avg_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
avg_sal := avg_salary(20);
IF avg_sal IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employees found in department 20');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary for department 20: ' || avg_sal);
END IF;
END;
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/* Error Handling */
BEGIN
BEGIN
*** ght raise an exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20000 An error occurred. See ORA-06512 for more details.', 16, 1);
END;
COMMIT;
END;
/* SQLINES DEMO *** with Output Parameters */
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
p_last_name OUT VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_first_name = first_name, @p_last_name = last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
/* SQLINES DEMO *** h Group By */
SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
/* SQLINES DEMO *** truct (If-Then) */
IF employee_count > 10 BEGIN
-- Do... SQLINES DEMO ***
END
ELSE IF employee_count > 5 BEGIN
-- Do... SQLINES DEMO ***
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Do... SQLINES DEMO ***
END
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/* Error Handling */
BEGIN
BEGIN
-- Some code that might raise an exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'An error occurred. See ORA-06512 for more details.');
END;
COMMIT;
END;
/* Stored Procedure with Output Parameters */
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
p_last_name OUT VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, last_name
INTO p_first_name, p_last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
/* SQL Statement with Group By */
SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
/* Control Flow Construct (If-Then) */
IF employee_count > 10 THEN
-- Do something
ELSIF employee_count > 5 THEN
-- Do something else
ELSE
-- Do something else
END IF;
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