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What tense to use in an academic paper when speaking about correspondence?
What is the correct tense to use in an academic paper when speaking about correspondence? Say one of my source materials is a letter written by someone named William, in which he says he went to the ...
Mar 9 '12 at 17:09
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cc by-sa 3.0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997878518.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025758-00236-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | 2,277 | 51 |
http://mathhelpforum.com/business-math/104107-bond-pricing-changing-coupon.html | math | If you have a 1,000 face value bond that is 20 years to maturity, with a 5% coupon rate for the first 10 years and a 6% coupon rate for the last 10 years and a yield to maturity of 6% with interest assumed to be paid semi-annually how do you get the correct value of the bond? Because the coupon is <= the YTM i would assume that this is a discount bond however on my calculator i keep getting a premium, but in excel i get a discount.
I set it up in 3 parts, the 1,000 / 1.03^40 since it's semi annual i doubled time period and halved the YTM
then I added two annuities being 25 ( 1- (1/1.03^20)) / .03
and 30 ( 1-(1/1.03^20))/.03
What am I doing wrong on my calculator? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189771.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00424-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | 671 | 5 |
http://www.cadence.com/Community/search/SearchResults.aspx?u=272528&o=DateDescending | math | Re: Inductor Layout
Sorry to make you confused.
"ring" I mean my first step is to draw a ring, a circle.(in Cadence layout window, under the menu EDIT). Then I draw the second ring which has larger diameter, and erase some of them. Finally I connect them where I earse, thus making a two turns of spiral Ind. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997893881.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025813-00017-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | 308 | 3 |
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth520/content/l4_p5.html | math | Now that we are experts on how light is refracted as it passes from air to water, we can extend what we know to generalized waves passing through any medium. As long as we know the index of refraction, we should be able to describe the path a wave takes through some complicated layered structures. (See where we are going here? The Earth can be thought of as a big piece of material consisting of layers through which seismic waves pass.)
Snell's law describes the refraction of a wave passing through two materials that transmit the wave at different velocities:
In words, the formula above says that if a wave passes from material 1 to material 2, the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction (θ1 and θ2) will be a constant number and this constant number is equal to the ratio of the transmitting velocities of the two materials (v1 and v2) as well as the inverse ratio of the indices of refraction of the two materials (n1 and n2).
A diagram of what this formula means graphically is shown below.
Hopefully this rings a bell from the lab experiment we just did! In our experiment, our two materials were air and water just like in the diagram above. Air has an index of refraction of 1 (n1 = 1) and water has an index of refraction of 1.33 (n2 = 1.33).
Okay, actually a vacuum has an index of refraction of 1. Air at room temperature, pressure, and humidity has an index of refraction of about 1.0003. You'd have to design an experimental setup with a little more precision than what we did to resolve this discrepancy.
This means that we can use Snell's Law and calculate that the sine of the angle of incidence sin(θ1) divided by the sine of the angle of refraction sin(θ2) will always be equal to the ratio of the two indices of refraction, 1.33/1. This is what we confirmed in our experiment. Yay! Science works!
This also means we know that the ratio of the velocity of light through air to the velocity of light through water is equal to 1.33.
The velocity of light through air is 3 x 108 m/s. What is the velocity of light through water?
Try it yourself and then click here to see my answer
The velocity of light through water is about 2.26 x 10^8 m/s. I got that answer by dividing 3 x 10^8 by 1.33. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100989.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209233632-20231210023632-00051.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | 2,236 | 11 |
http://spssforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=1279&p=23250 | math | I am doing research into psychological methods of pain control and am busily writing up, but have hit a problem...
Most of my data is parametric and is going ok, but apparently VASs for pain should be analysed as if they are non-parametric.
I have pre- and post-intervention VASs for pain intensity, five days of testing and five between-subjects groups (different distraction methods). I would normally do a 2x5x5 repeated measures ANOVA, but can't do this if it is non-parametric. How do you do repeated measures in non-parametric data? Is there an alternative?
PhD is due in about one month and a quarter of my stats need re-run to get this right! What can you suggest?
Also, how do I write up normal distribution? I have eyeballed the data and it is normally distributed, but I need some test or way of writing this up. How could that be done?
All help appreciated ASAP! | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647681.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321180325-20180321200325-00448.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | 874 | 6 |
https://www.mycoursehelp.com/QA/efficiency-losses-______________________/16335/1 | math | Efficiency losses ____________________________.
a. Are not possible if suppliers are willing to produce and sell a product.
b. Can only result from underproduction.
c. Can only result from overproduction.
d. None of the above.
4. Draw a production possibilities curve with public goods on the vertical axis and private goods on the horizontal axis. Assuming the economy is initially operating on the curve, indicate how the production of public goods might be increased. How might the output of public goods be increased if the economy is initially operating at a point inside the curve?
5. Use the distinction between the characteristics of private and public goods to determine whether the following should be produced through the market system or provided by government: (a) French fries, (b) court systems, (c) mail delivery, and (d) medical care. State why you answered as you did in each case.
What is the present value of $1,000, received ten years from now, using a periodic interest rate of 12% compounded annually?What is the present value of 1 000 received ten yearsMar 27 2020
Two general conclusions can be made from the empirical tests of purchasing power parity (PPP): A) PPP holds up well over the short run but poorly for the long run and th...Apr 18 2021
Briefly describe a situation or role that you were in (or could imagine being in) that relied on the use of horizontal communication for success.Apr 19 2021
Compute the initial price of a swaption that matures at timet = 5t=5 and has a strike of 0. The underlying swap is the same swap as described in the previous question wit...Apr 04 2020
Consider the following premerger information about a bidding firm (Firm B) and a target firm (Firm T). Assume that both firms have no debt outstanding. .....................Apr 01 2020
Force on a Concrete Form In Exercises 19-22, the figure is the vertical side of a form for poured concrete that weighs 140.7 pounds per cubic foot Determine the force on ...Jun 20 2021
What is the amount of a good that consumers are able and willing to purchase at a specific price?Jun 02 2021
Mr. K realized a loss on the sale of an asset to Mr. P, his best friend for 20 years. Does this sale represent an arm’s-length transaction? Are Mr. K and Mr. P related ...Apr 01 2020
Kingbird Company uses a periodic inventory system. For April, when the company sold 650 units, the following information is available.UnitsUnit CostTotal CostApril 1 inve...Aug 01 2021
In 2016, total sales for X Company were $253,400. The following total costs are for 2016:Direct materials$32,900Direct labor [all variable]38,500Variable overhead32,900Fi...Aug 13 2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030338073.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007112411-20221007142411-00781.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | 2,648 | 17 |
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=146118&extra=longdesc_idm45532567024464&clicked=1 | math | A graphic headed zone of proximal development. The sweet spot. Three concentric circles. The out circle is yellow and says just can't do yet and the corresponding text box below the circles says things the student just can't do yet. The middle circle is green and says the zone of proximal development. The corresponding text box below says things the student can do with a bit of help, such as working with peers in their class to solve difficult mathematics problems together. The inner circle is blue and says can do alone. The corresponding text box says things the student can do all on their own. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154385.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802203434-20210802233434-00652.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | 602 | 1 |
https://www.crcpress.com/Representations-of-Algebras/Coelho-Goldschimdt/p/book/9780824707330 | math | This volume contains the proceedings of the Conference on Representations of Algebras - Sao Paulo (CRASP), held at the Instituto de Matematica e Estatistica of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. It discusses Hopf, tubular, quasischurian, wild hereditary, concealed-canonical Artin, Brauer star, and Koszul algebras.
Table of Contents
On the existence of left and right almost split morphisms; actions of Hopf algebras on quantum polynomials; strongly simply connected derived tubular algebras; H1 and presentations of finite dimensional algebras; tame tilted algebras with almost regular connecting components; reflexive modules are not closed under submodules; fibre sum functors and the bimodule ext; smooth automorphism group schemes; a combinatorial characterization of hereditary categories containing simple objects; symmetric quasi-Schurian algebras; on lattices at the ends of connected components of the Auslander-Reiten quiver; factorizations of morphisms for wild hereditary algebra; a note on concealed-canonical Artin algebras; Koszul algebras and the Gorenstein condition; some remarks about the double extension algebra of a finite poset; coil algebras that are derived-tame; one-point extensions of quasitilted algebras by modules on stable tubes; combinatorial partial tilting complexes for the Brauer star algebras; almost split sequences in categories of representations of quivers II; cotilting objects and dualities; coherent components of Auslander-Reiten quivers whose DTr-orbits are finite; twisted Hopf algebras.
"This is the proceedings of the CRASP conference at the University of Sao Paulo. It covers a wide range of topics in representation theory … . It is an excellent source on recent progress in the representation theory of Artin algebras and related areas of mathematics and physics. Researchers and graduate students will benefit from it."
- European Mathematical Society Newsletter, Sept. 2003 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540491491.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206222837-20191207010837-00058.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | 1,936 | 5 |
https://www.coursehero.com/file/13945262/Experience-Sociology-132/ | math | 64.Approximately what percentage of the total world income does to the poorest 20 percent of individuals hold? A. 10 percentB. 7 percentC. 4 percentD. 1 percent
65.What are the two major social sources of global inequality?
66.Which of the following theories states that inequality between nations is due to cultural differences?
67.Which of the following best defines modernization theory? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057913.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926175051-20210926205051-00055.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | 390 | 4 |
https://proceedings.spp-online.org/article/view/SPP-2018-PA-39 | math | Detecting lateral misalignment of Laguerre Gaussian beams via spatial mode projection
We propose a technique to detect lateral misalignment of Laguerre Gaussian(LG) beams via spatial mode projection. We analytically solve the intensity of the misaligned beam projected on two different basis beams--a Gaussian beam and an aligned LG beam with the same topological charge l. We verify the analytical calculations by doing numerical simulations. Results show that the probability amplitudes follow a quadratic behavior for the Gaussian basis beam and a quartic trend for the LG basis beam with respect to increasing lateral misalignment. This study can be applied in determining minute beam displacements such as beamshift measurements. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053759.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916204111-20210916234111-00312.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | 734 | 2 |
https://knologist.com/is-there-something-smaller-than-a-planck-length/ | math | There is nothing smaller than a Planck length.
- How Small Is The Planck Scale
- What Is Shorter Than Planck
- What Exactly Is Planck Length
- Why Is Planck Time The Smallest Time
- How Big Is The Size Of The Planck Unit
- Why Is The Planck Length And Time The Same
- How Big Is An Atom Compared To The Planck Scale
- How Is The Length Of The Planck Particle Determined
How Small Is The Planck Scale
The Planck Scale is a unit of measure that is based on the size of the universe. It is equal to the distance between the centers of the sun and Earth.
What Is Shorter Than Planck
There is no shorter than Planck length, according to the most recent estimate by the European Union’s Fundamental Science and Technology Office. This is about the size of a human hair.
What Exactly Is Planck Length
Planck Length is the distance between two points in space. It is measured in light years.
Why Is Planck Time The Smallest Time
The time it takes for light to travel the Milky Way galaxy is about 13.8 billion years. That’s about the time it would take for the sun to go around the galaxy once.
Since the speed of light is about the same in all directions, it would take the same amount of time for the sun to complete one orbit around the Milky Way galaxy as it would for light to travel across the entire universe in one go.
In other words, the time it takes for light to travel around the Milky Way galaxy is about the same as the time it takes for light to travel across the entire universe.
How Big Is The Size Of The Planck Unit
The size of the Planck unit is approximately .00000001 which is one trillionth of a meter.
Why Is The Planck Length And Time The Same
The Planck Length and Time are the same because they are the same size! The distance between the sun and Earth is about 93.3 light years. The time it takes for light to travel that distance is 7.6 seconds. The Planck Length is about the same as the time it takes for light to travel that distance, so they are both the same size!
How Big Is An Atom Compared To The Planck Scale
The Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings were the largest civilian atomic bombings in history. They killed over 60,000 people and injured over 300,000. The atomic bombings were the first time a nation ever detonated an atomic bomb.
How Is The Length Of The Planck Particle Determined
The length of the Planck particle is determined by how much mass it has. The mass of the Planck particle is about one billionth of a mass of the sun. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506539.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923231031-20230924021031-00275.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | 2,478 | 27 |
http://supertopmotorcombr.gearhostpreview.com/book-report-writer/page-28-2021-03-22.html | math | Reach Your Academic Goals.
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https://gm-567.com/qa/what-is-the-first-step-in-problem-solving-process.html | math | - What is a problem solving question?
- What are 3 key attributes of a good problem solver?
- What are the 5 steps in problem solving?
- What are problem solving skills examples?
- What are the 6 steps in problem solving?
- What is problem solving model?
- What is a problem solving cycle?
- How do I get better at problem solving?
- What are the 3 steps?
- What are the steps for problem solving?
- What are the 7 steps in problem solving?
- What are the 3 steps of problem solving?
- What is problem solving methodology?
What is a problem solving question?
Problem-solving interview questions are questions that employers ask related to the candidate’s ability to gather data, analyze a problem, weigh the pros and cons and reach a logical decision..
What are 3 key attributes of a good problem solver?
The Top 10 Characteristics of Problem SolversThey have an “attitude”! … They re-define the problem. … They have a system. … They avoid the experience trap. … They consider every position as though it were their own. … They recognize conflict as often a prerequisite to solution. … They listen to their intuition. … They invariably go beyond “solving the problem”.More items…•
What are the 5 steps in problem solving?
5-steps to Problem SolvingDefine the problem.Gather information.Generate possible solutions.Evaluate ideas and then choose one.Evaluate.
What are problem solving skills examples?
Problem-solving abilities are connected to a number of other skills, including:analytical skills.innovative and creative thinking.a lateral mindset.adaptability and flexibility.level-headedness.initiative.resilience (in order to reassess when your first idea doesn’t work)More items…
What are the 6 steps in problem solving?
Step One: Define the Problem: “What is the problem?” • … Step Two: Identify the Causes of the Problem: “Why is this happening?” • … Step Three: Brainstorm Possible Solutions. • … Step Four: Select the Best Solutions. • … Step Five: Implement the Plan. • … Step Six: Follow-Up, Evaluate, and Monitor Progress. •
What is problem solving model?
After you have the problem defined, the model leads you through analyzing data you gather about the process, determining the root cause of the problem, and identifying possible solutions to the problem. … The problem-solving model, introduced below, incorporates an effective set of skills into a step-by-step process.
What is a problem solving cycle?
The problem solving cycle gives students the steps and procedures they need to take in order to solve a problem between them and another student. … The cycle is identify the problem, brainstorm ideas, weigh pros and cons, overcome obstacles, action steps, and then to reflect on the whole situation.
How do I get better at problem solving?
4 Tips to Improve Your Problem Solving SkillsFocus on the solution. It’s easy to become hyperfocused on the conditions that created the problem. … Clearly define the problem. It’s hard to solve a nebulous problem you never took the time to clearly define. … Agree on a process. … Be sure to use active listening.
What are the 3 steps?
The Three Steps are three prominent rocky steps on the northeast ridge of Mount Everest. They are located at altitudes of 8,564 metres (28,097 ft), 8,610 metres (28,250 ft), and 8,710 metres (28,580 ft). The Second Step is especially significant both historically and in mountaineering terms.
What are the steps for problem solving?
The Problem-Solving ProcessDefine the problem. Differentiate fact from opinion. … Generate alternative solutions. Postpone evaluating alternatives initially. … Evaluate and select an alternative. Evaluate alternatives relative to a target standard. … Implement and follow up on the solution.
What are the 7 steps in problem solving?
Here are seven-steps for an effective problem-solving process.Identify the issues. Be clear about what the problem is. … Understand everyone’s interests. … List the possible solutions (options) … Evaluate the options. … Select an option or options. … Document the agreement(s). … Agree on contingencies, monitoring, and evaluation.
What are the 3 steps of problem solving?
The steps are define, measure, analyze, improve and control. The first two steps define and measure the problem. The third step is the analysis. And the fourth and fifth steps, improve and control, are about solutions.
What is problem solving methodology?
Problem Solving Methodologies are processes through which a situation or issue may be analyzed and solutions implemented. … This includes steps for understanding a problem, brainstorming possible solutions, devising solutions, executing solutions, and evaluating the results. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038464146.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20210418013444-20210418043444-00165.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | 4,763 | 39 |
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Research mathematics research at harvard is done in various research areas research papers published and reviewed papers: mathsci net mathsci net (pin. A number of members of the algebra group belong to the research training group in representation theory the mathematics department also offers. The aim of discrete applied mathematics is to bring together research papers in different areas of algorithmic and applicable discrete mathematics as. Mathematics research papers discuss the various topic areas such as the quantity of something, the structure, space or measurability of an object. Essays, term papers, book reports, research papers on mathematics free papers and essays on analytic geometry we provide free model essays on mathematics, analytic geometry reports, and term paper samples related to analytic geometry. View mathematics research papers on academiaedu for free. Writing a research paper in mathematics melina freitag department of mathematical sciences over the last 8 years i have perhaps read about 300 research papers. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221209755.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180815004637-20180815024637-00201.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | 5,039 | 7 |
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http://forums.eviews.com/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=18252&p=57848 | math | Hello! When I was estimating my model it turned out that one parameter in time series (oil price) does not have a normal distribution.
I've read that there exists Box-Cox transformation and it is somehow possible to apply it in Eviews.
But it is necessary to calculate special Box-Cox parameter and I don't know how to do it in Eviews
I would be very grateful for your help!
For technical questions regarding estimation of single equations, systems, VARs, Factor analysis and State Space Models in EViews. General econometric questions and advice should go in the Econometric Discussions forum.
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https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/oscillations/velocity-and-acceleration-in-simple-harmonic-motion/ | math | A motion is said to be accelerated when its velocity keeps changing. But in simple harmonic motion, the particle performs the same motion again and again over a period of time. Do you think it is accelerated? Let’s find out and learn how to calculate the acceleration and velocity of SHM.
Acceleration in SHM
We know what acceleration is. It is velocity per unit time. We can calculate the acceleration of a particle performing S.H.M. Lets learn how. The differential equation of linear S.H.M. is d2x/dt2 + (k/m)x = 0 where d2x/dt2 is the acceleration of the particle, x is the displacement of the particle, m is the mass of the particle and k is the force constant. We know that k/m = ω2 where ω is the angular frequency.
Therefore, d2x/dt2 +ω2 x = 0
Hence, acceleration of S.H.M. = d2x/dt2 = – ω2 x (I)
The negative sign indicated that acceleration and displacement are in opposite direction of each other. Equation I is the expression of acceleration of S.H.M. Practically, the motion of a particle performing S.H.M. is accelerated because its velocity keeps changing either by a constant number or varied number.
Take a simple pendulum for example. When we swing a pendulum, it moves to and fro about its mean position. But after some time, it eventually stops and returns to its mean position. This type of simple harmonic motion in which velocity or amplitude keeps changing is damped simple harmonic motion.
Browse more Topics under Oscillations
- Simple Harmonic Motion
- Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
- Forced Simple Harmonic Motion
- Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion
- Velocity and Acceleration in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Some Systems executing Simple Harmonic Motion
- Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Periodic and Oscillatory Motion
Learn more about Damped Simple Harmonic Motion in detail here.
Download the Cheat Sheet of Oscillations below
Velocity in SHM
Velocity is distance per unit time. We can obtain the expression for velocity using the expression for acceleration.Let’s see how. Acceleration d2x/dt2 = dv/dt = dv/dx × dx/dt. But dx/dt = velocity ‘v’
Therefore, acceleration = v(dv/dx) (II)
When we substitute equation II in equation I, we get, v(dv/dx) = – ω2 x.
∴ vdv = – ω2 xdx
After integrating both sides, we get,
∫vdv = ∫-ω2 xdx = -ω2∫ xdx
Hence, v2 /2 = -ω2 x2 /2 + C where C is the constant of integration. Now, to find the vaue of C, lets consider boundary value condition. When a particle performing SHM is at the extreme position, displacement of the particle is maximum and velocity is zero. (a is the amplitude of SHM)
Therefore, At x= ± a, v= 0
And 0 = – ω2 a2 /2 + C
Hence, C = ω2 a2 /2
Let’s substitute this value of C in equation v2 /2 = -ω2 x2 /2 + C
∴ v2 /2 = -ω2 x2 /2 + ω2 a2 /2
∴ v2 = ω2 ( a2 – x2 )
Taking square root on both sides, we get,
v = ± ω √(a2 – x2 ) (III)
Equation III is the expression of the velocity of S.H.M. The double sign indicates that when a particle passes through a given point in the positive direction of x, v is positive, and when it passes through the same point in opposite direction of x, v is negative.
Learn the difference between Periodic and Oscillatory Motion.
Maximum and Minimum velocity
We know the velocity of a particle performing S.H.M. is given by, v = ± ω √a2 – x2. At mean position, x = 0. Therefore, v = ± ω √a2 – 02 = ± ω √a2 = ± aω. Therefore, at mean position, velocity of the particle performing S.H.M. is maximum which is Vmax = ± aω. At extreme position, x = ±a
Therefore, v = ± ω √a2 – a2 = ω × 0 = 0 . Therefore, at extreme position, velocity of the particle performing S.H.M. is minimum which is Vmin = 0
Solved Examples For You
Q: What is the value of acceleration at the mean position?
Solution: At mean position, x =0
∴ acceleration = -ω2 x = -ω2 × 0 = 0. Therefore, the value of acceleration at the mean position is minimum and it is zero. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100264.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201021234-20231201051234-00690.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | 3,936 | 43 |
https://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Analytic_mapping&oldid=12227 | math | is a continuous mapping, while
is a homomorphism of sheaves of rings on . If the spaces are complex, an analytic mapping is also called a holomorphic mapping.
If and are reduced analytic spaces, the homomorphism is completely determined by the mapping and is the inverse mapping of the germs of functions corresponding to . Thus, in this case an analytic mapping is a mapping such that for any and for any one has .
A fibre of an analytic mapping
at a point is the analytic subspace
of the space , where is the sheaf of germs of functions that vanish at the point . Putting
one obtains the inequality
If and are reduced complex spaces, then the set
is analytic in for any .
An analytic mapping is called flat at a point if is a flat module over the ring . In such a case (*) becomes an equality. An analytic mapping is called flat if it is flat at all points . A flat analytic mapping of complex spaces is open. Conversely, if is open, is smooth and all fibres are reduced, then is a flat analytic mapping. The set of points of a complex or a rigid analytic space at which an analytic mapping is not flat is analytic in . If and are reduced complex spaces, while has a countable base, then contains a dense everywhere-open set over which is a flat analytic mapping. If an analytic mapping
of complex spaces is flat, then the set of at which the fibre is not reduced or normal is analytic in .
Let be an analytic mapping of reduced complex spaces. If , then there exists a stratification
where are analytic sets and for large , with the following property: Any point has a neighbourhood in such that is a local analytic set in , all irreducible components of germs of which have dimension at . If is proper, then is an analytic set in . This is a particular case of the finiteness theorem for analytic mappings.
Let , be complex spaces and let be compact. Then it is possible to endow the set of all analytic mappings with the structure of a complex space such that the mapping
which maps the pair into , is analytic. In particular, the group of automorphisms of a compact complex space is a complex Lie group, acting analytically on .
|||R. Remmert, "Projektionen analytischer Mengen" Math. Ann. , 130 (1956) pp. 410–441|
|||R. Remmert, "Holomorphe und meromorphe Abbildungen komplexer Räume" Math. Ann. , 133 (1957) pp. 328–370|
|||K. Stein, , Colloquium for topology , Strasbourg (1954)|
|||J. Frisch, "Points de plattitude d'une morphisme d'espaces analytiques complexes" Invent. Math. , 4 (1967) pp. 118–138|
|||G. Fisher, "Complex analytic geometry" , Springer (1976)|
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https://opiatalk.com/how-do-you-graph-a-function-using-the-intercepts/ | math | How do you graph a function using the intercepts?
Graph a Linear Equation using the Intercepts
- Find the x– and y– intercepts of the line. Let. and solve for x. Let. and solve for y.
- Find a third solution to the equation.
- Plot the three points and then check that they line up.
- Draw the line.
How do you find a linear function from a graph?
Writing Linear Functions From a Graph
- Find the slope by measuring the rise and run of the linear function.
- Find the y-intercept by identifying where the function crosses the y-intercept.
- Substitute the slope and y-intercept into the function f(x)=mx+b.
Do linear functions have intercepts?
Linear functions are algebraic equations whose graphs are straight lines with unique values for their slope and y-intercepts.
What does y-intercept represent in a graph?
The slope and y-intercept values indicate characteristics of the relationship between the two variables x and y. The slope indicates the rate of change in y per unit change in x. The y-intercept indicates the y-value when the x-value is 0.
Where are intercepts on a graph?
The intercepts of a graph are points at which the graph crosses the axes. The x-intercept is the point at which the graph crosses the x-axis. At this point, the y-coordinate is zero. The y-intercept is the point at which the graph crosses the y-axis.
What is linear function with example?
Linear functions are those whose graph is a straight line. A linear function has the following form. y = f(x) = a + bx. A linear function has one independent variable and one dependent variable. The independent variable is x and the dependent variable is y.
What’s the y-intercept in an equation?
The y-intercept is the point at which the graph crosses the y-axis. At this point, the x-coordinate is zero. To determine the x-intercept, we set y equal to zero and solve for x. Similarly, to determine the y-intercept, we set x equal to zero and solve for y. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817200.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418061950-20240418091950-00027.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | 1,938 | 21 |
http://southplainscollege.com/exploreprograms/artsandsciences/mathematics.php | math | Mathematics, Engineering & Computer Science
The primary purpose of the Mathematics and Engineering Department is to provide students an opportunity to meet the degree requirements in mathematics for majors and/or minors in the various liberal arts curricula, business administration, education, sciences, pre-professional, engineering and mathematics.
Students planning to major in mathematics or pre-engineering at South Plains College should have completed two units in algebra, one unit in plane geometry, one unit in trigonometry, and at least one unit in advanced mathematics upon graduation from high school. Students who do not have sufficient background in mathematics may have difficulty in the college mathematics courses required and may be delayed in completing their educational objective. Engineering majors should have completed one year of physics and one year of chemistry prior to high school graduation.
Students who pass the math portion of the TSI test may enroll in any math class for which they qualify according to prerequisites of the course. Students who do not pass the math portion of the TSI test must enroll in the appropriate developmental math courses.
A student will NOT be allowed to take a math course if he/she has not completed the prerequisite for the course as described in the SPC General Catalog.
Departmental chairperson is Sheyleah Harris-Plant, professor of mathematics. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998605.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618023245-20190618045245-00240.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | 1,414 | 6 |
https://justaaa.com/economics/182243-11-you-decrease-the-price-of-your-product-but-you | math | |You decrease the price of your product but you find that revenues are falling. Given this information, you can conclude that the elasticity of demand for your product is:|
|If the Smithson Industrial Product Corp. firm lowers the price of its product and finds that total revenues increase, we can conclude that:|
When the demand is inelastic the total revenue moves in the direction of price change.Therefore, a decrease in the price will lead to a decrease in the total revenue.
A. consumers are elastic and price sensititve
The price elasticity of demand is the measure of degree of responsiveness to a change in the prices.A price decrease will lead to a large increase in the total revenue.
Ed=% change in quantity demanded/% change in price
% change in quantity demanded=Ed* % change in price
The answer is A
A. raise price because it will increase revenues
Since the price elasticity is less than 1 therefore an increase in price will lead to an increase in the total revenues.
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https://www.quanser.com/blog/nonlinear-system-for-intermediate-control/ | math | In introductory control system courses, the analysis is typically done in the S-domain using transfer functions, and the advanced control courses introduce students to the state-space modeling and state-feedback control techniques. But quite often, instructors are caught in the mid-range situations, where they want to expose students to advanced control systems without requiring them to use state-space techniques. In my previous blog post from the “intermediate control” series, I suggested the Ball and Beam system as a great way to introduce intermediate-level control concepts. Today, I’d like to highlight another system that fits well in between the “classic” and “modern” control: a Magnetic Levitation plant.
Nonlinear Electro-Mechanical System for Hands-on Lab Experimentation
The Quanser Magnetic Levitation is a single degree of freedom system with an overhead electromagnet that generates an attractive force on a metal ball placed on a post. The position of the ball is measured using a photo-sensitive sensor embedded inside the post. The system also includes a current sensor to measure the current inside the electromagnet’s coil.
The force acting on the ball increases very fast as the ball approaches the magnet (i.e., as the air gap becomes smaller). Further, the current response in the electromagnet is slow due to its large inductance. Thus, there are actually two subsystems – ball/electromagnet dynamics and electromagnet voltage/current dynamics. One way to address this is by using a cascading controller: a current control for the magnet, and an outer ball position controller.
Modeling and Control Design
The dynamics of the Magnetic Levitation system is shown in the figure below.
As mentioned earlier, the attractive force that is exerted on the steel ball from a standard electromagnet is nonlinear:
The force is proportional to the current squared, and the size of the air gap squared. As the ball approaches the face of the electromagnet and the air gap decreases, the force increases substantially. The electromagnet constant, Km, is based on the properties of the electromagnet material, dimensions, coil winding, and so on. While this is modeled as a constant, this parameter actually varies over the operation time as the inductance in the electromagnet increases and depending on the air gap between the ball and the magnet.
The nonlinear equation of motion of the ball with respect to the commanded current can be described by the expression:
As shown, the system is nonlinear due to the two square terms on the current and air gap.
As mentioned earlier, because of the large inductance in the electromagnet core, the actuator has its own dynamics and can be modeled with Kirchhoff’s Law to get the electrical equations:
where Rc is the coil resistance, Lc is the coil inductance, Ic is the coil current, vc(t) is the applied coil voltage, and Rs is the current sense resistance. From this, we can obtain a first-order transfer function of the circuit:
The time constant of a core with a large inductance can be, for instance, around 0.035 sec. A time constant this large would be detrimental to the control of the ball because the desired current in the coil required to stabilize the ball takes too long to reach that point. As a result, a control such as Proportional-Integral compensator shown in the figure below is needed to regulate the voltage of the electromagnet for the desired current to match the measured one.
The ball position can be done by using a PID-based compensator shown in the figure below. The nonlinear equation of motion (EOM) is first linearized about its operating point to obtain the linear EOM and its corresponding transfer function. Then we can design a PID control according to certain time-domain performance criteria, such as peak time and overshoot. Incorporating a feed-forward loop that includes a gain based on the known model improves the response time to ball position commands and minimizes the effort of the integral term.
Magnetic Levitation is a great system to introduce new control challenges. Students need to learn about linearization to design a PID controller, implement cascade control loops to compensate for slow actuator dynamics, and add feed-forward control to improve the response time.
To further improve the control response, you can design a more advanced controller such as gain scheduling. Because the magnetic force constant, Km, actually changes depending on the air gap, varying the control gains based the current ball position as the system is in operation results in more precise and robust control. An example of a gain scheduler is available on our QuanserShare site: search for Magnetic Levitation – Gain Scheduling.
In the next post of the intermediate control system series, we’ll look at a Coupled Tanks system. This nonlinear system illustrates challenges of the liquid level control, a common issue in many industrial processes. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00664.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | 4,971 | 17 |
https://poulandersonappreciation.blogspot.com/2016/01/hunting-snark.html | math | Friday, 29 January 2016
"Hunting The Snark"
One possible answer to that question is that, given innumerable (infinite?) timelines, this story is set in a timeline differing in this one respect from the timeline of Drakon. However, I think that this would be an unhelpful answer. Installments of a series should be mutually consistent. Alternative timelines are a valid fictional premise but not an excuse for inconsistencies. As Larry Niven implies in "All The Myriad Ways," if everything happens, then nothing matters. Why should we make the right choice, if all that happens is that we split into two with the other guy making the wrong choice? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590493.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719031742-20180719051742-00627.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | 646 | 3 |
https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/an/1983/03/man1983030279-abs.html | math | Issue No. 03 - July-September (1983 vol. 5)
<p>The paper surveys the development of different types of calculating machines that have used the idea of John Napier's "bones. " After showing how to use the bones, the paper discusses the machines of such mathematicians as Wilhelm Schickard, Samuel Morland, Gaspard Schott, Athanasius Kircher, Edouard Lucas, and Henri Genaille. A newly discovered manuscript by Rene Grillet (from the late seventeenth century) provided the base for a study of Grillet's work and a remarkable arithmetic instrument he invented in 1678, using the idea of Napier's bones.</p>
M. Williams, "From Napier to Lucas: The Use of Napier's Bones in Calculating Instruments," in IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 5, no. , pp. 279-296, 1983. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864872.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522190147-20180522210147-00099.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | 771 | 3 |
https://gowanusballroom.com/what-is-a-decade-on-a-log-scale/ | math | What is a decade on a log scale?
One decade (symbol dec) is a unit for measuring ratios on a logarithmic scale, with one decade corresponding to a ratio of 10 between two numbers.
How do you find the frequency of a log?
The horizontal axis is frequency in logarithmic scale. That is, the distance between a frequency and its ten times more or less, e.g., 1 and 10 or 0.1, is divided in length proportional to: log 1 = 0 , log 2 = 0.3010 , log 4 = 0.6020 , log 8 = 0.9030 , log 10 = 1 .
How do you convert log scales?
To convert from logarithmic scale to linear scale, raise the base, value of 10, to the power of each x- and y- data point. The first ordered pair would be 10 raised to the first and second powers, producing values of 10 and 100, such that the ordered pair in linear scale is (10, 100).
Why would you use a logarithmic scale?
You typically use a logarithmic scale for two reasons. The first reason is when large values skew the graph of the data, and the second is to show multiplicative factors or percent changes. Many careers use logarithmic scales, from farmers to researchers.
How many decibels is a decade?
dB. dB. Thus, 6 dB per octave is the same thing as 20 dB per decade.
How many dB is an order of magnitude?
Every 10 dB represents a change of one order of magnitude in intensity.
Are octaves logarithmic?
In electronics, an octave (symbol: oct) is a logarithmic unit for ratios between frequencies, with one octave corresponding to a doubling of frequency. For example, the frequency one octave above 40 Hz is 80 Hz.
Is amplitude logarithmic?
The scale is logarithmic rather than linear. The advantage is that it permits the user to see high-amplitude spikes juxtaposed with the low-amplitude noise floor, both in the same display.
Is a logarithmic scale exponential?
Logarithmic graphs use logarithmic scales, in which the values differ exponentially. For example, instead of including marks at 0,1,2 0 , 1 , 2 and 3 , a logarithmic scale may include marks at 0.1,1,10 0.1 , 1 , 10 and 100 , each an equal distance from the previous and next.
What’s the difference between a linear and logarithmic scale?
A logarithmic price scale uses the percentage of change to plot data points, so, the scale prices are not positioned equidistantly. A linear price scale uses an equal value between price scales providing an equal distance between values.
How is the data charted using a logarithmic scale?
Here is the data charted using a linear axis. When we apply a logarithmic scale axis, the data spans across 10, so by default the axis ranges from 1 to 100. The data is squeezed into the middle of the chart.
What is a log scale in statistics?
A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a way of displaying numerical data over a very wide range of values in a compact way—typically the largest numbers in the data are hundreds or even thousands of times larger than the smallest numbers.Such a scale is nonlinear: the numbers 10 and 20, and 60 and 70, are not the same distance apart on a log scale.
What is the distance from 1 to 2 on the logarithmic scale?
Notice an interesting thing about the logarithmic scale: the distance from 1 to 2 is the same as the distance from 2 to 4, or from 4 to 8. In fact any equal multiplication has the same distance: so 1 to 3 is the same as 3 to 9.
What is the difference between a log and a nonlinear scale?
Such a scale is nonlinear: the numbers 10 and 20, and 60 and 70, are not the same distance apart on a log scale. Rather, the numbers 10 and 100, and 60 and 600 are equally spaced. Thus moving a unit of distance along the scale means the number has been multiplied by 10 (or some other fixed factor). | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100112.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129141108-20231129171108-00405.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | 3,667 | 28 |
http://macgenius.co/app/Grade-7-Singapore-Math-US-Edition/472203502 | math | Grade 7 Singapore Math (U.S. Edition)
Developer: PawPrints Learning Technologies
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Learn Grade Seven Mathematics (U.S. Edition) with Singapore Math and ace your math exams!
Many step by step examples to learn math concepts.
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Greater than, Less than
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Highest Common Factor
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Squares Square Roots Cubes Cube Roots
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Introduction to Singapore Math:
In the United States, Singapore Math is a teaching method based on the primary textbooks and syllabus from the national curriculum of Singapore.
These textbooks have a consistent and strong emphasis on problem solving, with a focus on in-depth understanding of essential math skills.
Explanations of math concepts are exceptionally clear and simple, so that students can read it easily.
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Great - Great content and videos for $0.99. Provides helpful access and insight into the Singapore Math education system. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886237.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20180116070444-20180116090444-00553.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | 1,585 | 34 |
https://www.ytdrtube.com/square-pipe-weight-calculation-formula/ | math | Weight Calculations for Square Pipes – A Quick and Simpler Way to Compute Weight
Obtaining the weight of square pipes has never been more straightforward. Using this specialized formula, calculations can be done swiftly and conveniently, allowing one to gain insight into how much a certain pipe weighs. With a few simple yet precise steps, one can achieve efficient results, making it effortless to determine the weight of a specific square pipe. Now, anyone can easily calculate the weight of a square pipe without having to involve complex mathematics or extensive labor. This formula is the perfect way to quickly obtain accurate measurements for square pipes.
Square pipes are useful for many industrial, construction, and mechanical purposes due to their durable and sturdy nature and ability to handle high pressures. Varying in size and dimension, calculating the weight of square pipes is an important factor when it comes to handling and transporting them correctly. The square pipe weight calculation formula provides a straightforward approach for computing the weight of square pipes with respect to their size and thickness – making it an invaluable tool for anyone dealing with such pipes.
The weight of a square pipe can be determined quickly thanks to a simple formula. Simply multiply the thickness of the pipe by itself, the length of said pipe, and 0.00785 (the density of steel). Working out this calculation yields the following outcome:
The formula for finding weight is [(Thickness times Thickness) multiplied by Length] multiplied by 0.00785.
In order to figure out its weight, a square pipe’s thickness and length must be expressed in kilograms and millimeters – respectively. As an example, if you have a tube with a 10mm thickness and 5 meters long, you can calculate its mass using this method:
Mass is equal to the product of [(10 * 10) * 5000] multiplied by 0.00785 equals 3.925 kilograms.
Knowing the weight of your square pipes is simple once you’ve determined the density of the material of which they’re comprised. Aluminum, for instance, has a distinct density of 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter – unlike steel. With the appropriate conversion factor taken into account, the square pipe weight calculation formula becomes relevant for square pipes crafted from a range of materials, including steel and aluminum.
Square pipe weights can be determined quickly and accurately thanks to this formula, a valuable asset for pipe fabricators, distributors, clients, and manufacturers. Obtaining accurate quotes for square pipe prices based on their weight is easy with the aid of this equation. With its help, material costs on various projects can also be calculated with confidence.
The square pipe weight calculation formula is a great advantage for many reasons. To begin with, it eradicates the often error-ridden manual calculations. It has an uncomplicated structure that only requires the user to be aware of the thickness and length of the square pipe. What’s more, it saves time, which is especially beneficial in industrial and mechanical fields where speed is critical.
Overall, the formula for square pipe weight calculation offers a straightforward means of evaluating the load of metal conduits, making it a very helpful tool for industrial, construction, and mechanical specialists alike. Through the use of this formula, one can accurately determine the heft of square pipes at a glance, thus simplifying their manipulation, transportation, and costing processes. The formula is not complex and can be used by virtually anyone out there to suss out the exact weight of these square pipelines.
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Post time: 2023-06-03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474775.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229003536-20240229033536-00119.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | 3,865 | 13 |
https://www.ams.org/journals/proc/1978-072-01/S0002-9939-1978-0503548-2/ | math | Closed geodesics on Riemann surfaces
Author: Troels Jørgensen
Journal: Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72 (1978), 140-142
MSC: Primary 53A35; Secondary 30Fxx
MathSciNet review: 503548
Full-text PDF Free Access
Abstract: This note deals with an elementary property of closed geodesics on surfaces with a complete metric of constant negative curvature. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107876500.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20201021122208-20201021152208-00133.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | 342 | 7 |
https://www.coursehero.com/file/5588310/302a3/ | math | Unformatted text preview: you will have to do a PCA for this. Notice that the data have been standardised to unit SD, so this is doing the analysis on a correlation matrix. Compare the two plots. Comment on what you see. 4) What proportion of the total variation is preserved by the PCO reduced space plot? Use an appropriate measure. 5) Present the PA correlations for the first 2 PAs. Interpret them. Compare them with the PC component correlations. Comment on the comparison. 6) Plot a couple of internal variables as bubble plots. Interpret what you see. 7) Perform a non-metric multidimensional scaling, for a number of dimensions and plot a STRESS diagram. How adequate is the 2 dimensional plot? What might be a more appropriate number of dimensions? 8) Plot the group variable into the reduced space plot from the non-metric MDS. Compare with the same plots from the PCO and the PCA. Comment on what you see....
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- Spring '09
- Cartesian Coordinate System, space plot, unit standard deviation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863100.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619154023-20180619174023-00184.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | 1,018 | 4 |
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/402554/can-a-free-electron-absorb-a-virtual-photon-even-though-it-cannot-absorb-an-ordi | math | The four-momentum of any real particle satisifies the relationship $p_\mu p^\mu = -m^2$. This defines a 3-D surface in the 4-D space of all possible four-momenta; this surface is called the mass shell for the particle. A virtual particle, on the other hand, can have any four-momentum vector that you want; a virtual particle is usually "off-shell", because its four-momentum doesn't lie on the mass shell.
However, virtual particles still obey energy and momentum conservation: the four-momentum going into any vertex in a Feynman diagram must equation the four-momentum going out. It is entirely possible for a real electron to emit a virtual photon and remain on its own mass shell; this is exactly what happens in the classic Feynman diagram with two "real" electrons exchanging a virtual photon. The only reason that conservation laws prohibit a "real" electron from emitting a "real" photon is that it is impossible for all three four-momenta (electron before, electron after, and photon) to simultaneously lie on their respective mass shells. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00492.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | 1,049 | 2 |
https://banazir.livejournal.com/331563.html | math | This is why I like math. Math has rules. If you know the rules, you can figure out any problem.
-dragnflye, 10 Jun 2006
You need to know math to be alive.
-taiji_jian, 18 Jul 2006
So, what is entailed in needing mathematics? what does it mean to say "we all need math"?
Certainly it's true of analytical mathematics and music, where by analysis we mean the study of limits that underlies calculus, trigonometry, topology, even the algebra of series. Yes, a programmer or an engineer needs to apply mathematics to problem-solving. More importantly, though, it exercises a part of your brain that may be useful in nonmathematical pursuits.
Just as computer science is not mere systems administration and configuration, just as programming is not just wielding a computer, you have to think of mathematics as an exercise of skill independent from applications of that skill. I think math rests on a foundation that is common to many subject, that foundation being analytical thinking and pattern-based reasoning. As taiji_jian was saying, that foundation underlies math; I wouldn't say that it is math. I would say that math is the pure exercise of that thinking, and so is artistic creativity. A good analogy might be learning a martial art so that one can fight (possibly important) versus developing the cognitive discipline that allows one to practice the actual art.
What I agree with taiji_jian about is that people who study math are exercising a cognitive skill that can transfer to art - and vice versa, in some kinds of art.
[18:48:42] * taiji_jian has not completely forgotten everything that he drilled into his brain back when he was studying math 4 hours a day
[18:49:20] <taiji_jian> And I needed to finish highschool math so I could do college calculus
[18:49:53] <jereeza> well I needed to pass
[18:54:33] <jereeza> god I hated maths. we had as much maths & science as the science branch, and they only had one foreign language! fuckers!
[18:54:47] <figgylicious> and NO art classes
[18:55:07] <jereeza> well ok we didn't have art classes in highschool either, only art history
[18:55:11] <figgylicious> and I had to do physics and biology and chemistry and math and economics
[18:55:30] <figgylicious> in my life before college I took ONE art class, way back in 9th grade
[18:55:42] * taiji_jian shakes his head sadly
[18:55:57] <taiji_jian> You're acting like art precludes math
[18:56:06] <figgylicious> it so does
[18:56:07] <taiji_jian> Art depends on math!
[18:57:09] <jereeza> architecture does, pag. and you misworded your statement
[18:57:13] <taiji_jian> "Needing" math doesn't mean, like, encountering textbook problems in daily life
[18:57:34] <jereeza> art depends on knowing proportions and perspective and bodies and planes
[18:57:35] <taiji_jian> Which, I agree, doesn't happen often, unless you're an engineer (or an architect) or something
[18:57:43] <figgylicious> if you mean 'everything uses math' well good then. but i never use it consciously
[18:57:45] <taiji_jian> But it's like protien or something
[18:58:04] <taiji_jian> It builds your brain
[18:58:04] <figgylicious> I don't NEED to know any math to do art
[18:58:13] <taiji_jian> You NEED to know math to be alive
[18:58:13] <jereeza> it's just the world around us. art deals with it in one way, sciences in another
[18:58:15] <taiji_jian> The more math you know
[18:58:17] <taiji_jian> The better your brain is
[18:59:58] <jereeza> so I guess my brain works fine fuelled by humanities alone ;)
[19:00:01] <figgylicious> I UNDERSTAND that everything uses math. And good. Good for math. But [I don't] want to know how.
[19:02:48] <taiji_jian> It's not about specific instances of math, fig, or about using math skills in real life or whatever.
[19:02:52] <taiji_jian> It's about thought-patterns
[19:03:08] * banazir agreens
The full transcript (with a little horseplay and some irrelevant remarks cut for brevity) can be found here. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585186.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20211018000838-20211018030838-00554.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | 3,926 | 38 |
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA192762 | math | Accession Number : ADA192762
Title : An O(N2) Method for Computing the Eigensystem of N x N Symmetric Tridiagonal Matrices by the Divide and Conquer Approach.
Descriptive Note : Final rept.,
Corporate Author : INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING HAMPTON VA
Personal Author(s) : Gill, Doron ; Tadmor, Eitan
PDF Url : ADA192762
Report Date : Mar 1988
Pagination or Media Count : 25
Abstract : An efficient method is proposed to solve the eigenproblem of N x N Symmetric Tridiagonal (ST) matrices. Unlike the standard eigensolvers which necessitate 0(n-cubed) operations to compute the eigenvectors of such ST matrices, the proposed method computes both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors with only 0(n-squared) operations. The method is based on serial implementation of the recently introduced Divide and Conquer (DC) algorithm. It exploits the fact that by 0(n-squared) of DC operations, one can compute the eigenvalues of N x N ST matrix and a finite number of pairs of successive rows of its eigenvector matrix. The rest of the eigenvectors-all of them or one at the time, are computed by linear three-term recurrence relations. We conclude with numerical examples, which demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method by saving an order of magnitude in execution time at the expense of sacrificing a few orders of accuracy. Keywords: Symmetric eigenvalue problem, Divide and conquer, Updating problem.
Descriptors : *EIGENVECTORS, *MATRIX THEORY, *MATRICES(MATHEMATICS), ACCURACY, ALGORITHMS, COSTS, EFFICIENCY, EIGENVALUES, SYMMETRY, TIME
Subject Categories : Numerical Mathematics
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813626.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221143216-20180221163216-00788.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | 1,667 | 12 |
https://academichelp.net/stem/algebra/arithmetic-sequence-formula.html | math | Discover the simplicity and power of the arithmetic sequence formula, a fundamental tool for understanding patterns and calculating terms in sequences with constant differences between them.
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The arithmetic sequence formula is a cornerstone in mathematics, vital for calculating terms and sums in sequences with a uniform step between each element. This formula is not only a theoretical concept but also finds practical application in our everyday lives. Understanding and applying this formula can unravel patterns and solve problems in various fields, from simple daily tasks to complex mathematical challenges. This article aims to demystify the arithmetic sequence formula, breaking it down into easy-to-understand components and illustrating its use through practical examples.
Understanding the Arithmetic Sequence Formula
An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers where each term after the first is obtained by adding a constant number, known as the common difference, to the previous term.
The sequence follows a uniform pattern, making it predictable and easy to analyze. This characteristic feature is what makes the arithmetic sequence formula so powerful and widely applicable.
Key Components of the Formula
The arithmetic sequence formula revolves around three critical components: the first term (a1), the common difference (d), and the number of terms (n). The formula helps in finding the nth term and the sum of the first n terms of a sequence. It’s expressed as:
- nth term: an = a1 + (n – 1) * d
- Sum of n terms: Sn = (n/2) * [2a1 + (n – 1) * d] or Sn = (n/2) * [a1 + an]
- Common difference: d = an – a(n-1)
Practical Applications and Examples
The arithmetic sequence formula finds its use in various everyday scenarios, often without us realizing it. For instance, the arrangement of seats in a stadium, the stacking of cups, or even the progression of time marked by a clock’s hands, all follow an arithmetic sequence. This formula also helps in predicting events, such as identifying leap years or calculating age-related milestones.
- Finding a Specific Term: Consider a sequence 1, 5, 9, 13… To find the 13th term, identify a1 = 1 and d = 4. Using the formula an = a1 + (n – 1) × d, the 13th term is 49.
- Identifying the First Term: In a sequence where the 35th term is 687 and the common difference is 14, the first term can be calculated as 211 using the formula an = a1 + (n – 1) × d.
- Calculating the Sum of Terms: To find the sum of the first 25 terms of the sequence 3, 7, 11,…, use a1 = 3, d = 4, and n = 25. The sum, calculated using Sn = (n/2) × [2a1 + (n – 1) × d], is 1275.
The arithmetic sequence formula is an invaluable tool in mathematics, offering a straightforward method to analyze and understand sequences with a constant difference. Its simplicity, coupled with its wide range of applications, makes it an essential concept for students and professionals alike. By mastering this formula, one can easily tackle problems related to sequences and find solutions to real-world scenarios that follow arithmetic patterns.
What is ‘n’ in the Arithmetic Sequence Formula?
‘n’ in the Arithmetic Sequence Formula represents the number of terms in the sequence. It helps determine which term you want to find or the number of terms to sum when using the formula.
What is the Arithmetic Series formula?
The Arithmetic Series formula is used to find the sum of an arithmetic series, which is the sum of terms in an arithmetic sequence. It is represented as:
Sn = (n/2) [2a1 + (n – 1) d] or Sn = (n/2) [a1 + an]
The choice of formula depends on whether you know the first term and the common difference or the first and last terms of the sequence.
What is the Difference Between Explicit Formula and Recursive Formula of an Arithmetic Sequence?
The main difference between the explicit formula and the recursive formula of an arithmetic sequence lies in how they express the nth term of the sequence:
- Explicit Formula: The explicit formula directly calculates the nth term (an) of the sequence without relying on previous terms. It is represented as an = a1 + (n – 1) d. This formula is more straightforward and efficient for finding specific terms in the sequence.
- Recursive Formula: The recursive formula defines the nth term (an) in terms of the previous term (an-1) and the common difference (d). It is represented as an = an-1 + d, with an initial condition a1. Recursive formulas are useful when you want to generate the entire sequence step by step, starting from the first term.
Follow us on Reddit for more insights and updates. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100651.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207090036-20231207120036-00165.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | 4,756 | 29 |
http://www.advrider.com/forums/showpost.php?p=20509577&postcount=3754 | math | Originally Posted by Mugwest
I'm a Certified SwarmerTM of course, but it seems fair to me as-is. Go price a set of Jesse bags and then consider the asking price.
Blue book is $2,700 for one in "good condition," but this one seems exceptional condition, especially with the farkles. Plus, a lot of single cylinder motorcycles have increased in resale value as of late (especially DRZ400$$$$).
"Living just to keep going, goin' just to be sane." - The Black Keys
I prefer kick starters, air-cooling, and carburetors over anything. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707773051/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123613-00005-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | 528 | 5 |
https://bookvea.com/how-do-you-find-the-empirical-formula-of-a-compound/ | math | How do you find the empirical formula of a compound?
Calculate the empirical formula.
How do you find the empirical formula of a compound with Percent Composition?
Convert the mass of each element to moles using the molar mass from the periodic table. Divide each mole value by the smallest number of moles calculated. Round to the nearest whole number. This is the mole ratio of the elements and is represented by subscripts in the empirical formula.
How do you do the empirical formula step by step?
Step 1: Determine the masses. Step 2: Determine the number of moles by dividing the grams by the atomic mass. Step 3: Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles. Step 4: Convert numbers to whole numbers.
What is empirical formula and how is it determined?
Definition of empirical formula : a chemical formula showing the simplest ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms in the molecule CH2O is the empirical formula for glucose. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945440.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326075911-20230326105911-00224.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | 992 | 8 |
https://bestbinarynpcyukf.netlify.app/paulus45987zysa/sharpe-and-treynor-index-kuge | math | Sharpe Ratio is an important Ratio to measure risk-adjusted returns. • Treynor Ratio measures risk-adjusted return based on systematic risk. • A scheme with a 25 Sep 2017 Then there are gauges like beta, Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio and even something called the upside and downside capture ratio. And then there's The Treynor ratio, also commonly known as the reward-to-volatility ratio, is a measure that quantifies return per unit of risk. It is similar to the Sharpe and Sortino The Treynor ratio is similar to the Sharpe Ratio, except it uses beta as the volatility measure (to divide the investment's excess return over the beta). T reynorRatio =. But the Treynor Ratio divides by the beta (the risk inherent in the market). Well- diversified portfolios should have similar Sharpe and Treynor Ratios because the Answer to Calculate the Sharpe ratio, Treynor Ratio, Jenson's Alpha, Information ratio and the R-Squared for both funds and determ
Keywords: Sharpe Ratio, Treynor's Index, Mutual Funds. Introduction. The Indian common asset industry has made some amazing progress from its origin in
While the Sharpe ratio measures the risk premium of the portfolio over the portfolio risk, or its standard deviation, Treynor's ratio, popularized by Jack L. Treynor, 6 days ago Their difference is, while the Treynor ratio determines volatility with a portfolio beta or systematic risk, the Sharpe ratio adjusts returns based on The following definitions for Sharpe and Treynor Ratios are from ZOONOVA. Sharpe Ratio. a measure that indicates the average return minus the risk-free return However, some of these measuring instru- ments such as Sharpe Index and Scholz & Wilkens (2006) propose that both Sharpe Index and Treynor Ratio can 22 Jul 2019 Keywords: Jensen Ratio, Mutual Funds, Risk and Return,. Sharpe and Treynor Ratios. I. INTRODUCTION. The investor's resources were
25 Sep 2017 Then there are gauges like beta, Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio and even something called the upside and downside capture ratio. And then there's
Treynor Ratio. Like the Sharpe Ratio, the Treynor Ratio is a risk-adjusted measure. However whereas the Sharpe Ratio measures excess return of the investment over risk free return per unit of total risk; the Treynor ratio measures the excess return per unit of risk in relation to the market, i.e. per unit of systematic risk. It simply means the market has ups and downs. Treynor attempts to change that by placing all investments on the same risk free plain. This equation is similar to the Sharpe ratio’s method of assessing risk and volatility in the market with one main exception. The Treynor method uses the investment portfolio’s beta as the measurement of risk. Treynor Ratio: The Treynor ratio, also known as the reward-to-volatility ratio, is a metric for returns that exceed those that might have been gained on a risk-less investment, per each unit of The Sharpe ratio is almost identical to the Treynor measure, except that the risk measure is the standard deviation of the portfolio instead of considering only the systematic risk as represented In finance, the Sharpe ratio (also known as the Sharpe index, the Sharpe measure, and the reward-to-variability ratio) measures the performance of an investment (e.g., a security or portfolio) compared to a risk-free asset, after adjusting for its risk.It is defined as the difference between the returns of the investment and the risk-free return, divided by the standard deviation of the
Like the Sharpe ratio, the Treynor ratio (T) does not quantify the value added, if any, of active portfolio management. It is a ranking criterion only. A ranking of
10 Mar 2019 The Sharpe Ratio, Conditional Sharpe Ratio, Conditional Treynor Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Jensen's Alpha, Appraisal Ratio, Sortino and Van der The Sharpe (1966) Ratio and the Treynor and Black (1973) 'Appraisal. Ratio'1 are derived from the Capital Market Line, with the level of risk being meas- ured by 18 Mar 2014 Like the Sharpe ratio, the Treynor ratio does not quantify the value added, if any, of active portfolio management. It is a ranking criterion only. Unlike Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio utilizes "market" risk (beta) instead of total risk (standard deviation). Good performance efficiency is measured by a high ratio.
Money › Investment Fundamentals Portfolio Performance: Comparing Portfolio Returns using the Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen's Alpha. Portfolios contain groups of securities that are selected to achieve the highest return for a given level of risk.
Like the Sharpe ratio, the Treynor ratio (T) does not quantify the value added, if any, of active portfolio management. It is a ranking criterion only. A ranking of 22 Jul 2019 The difference between the two metrics is that the Treynor ratio utilizes beta, or market risk, to measure volatility instead of using total risk ( 25 Jun 2019 The Treynor ratio is similar to the Sharpe ratio, although the Sharpe ratio uses a portfolios standard deviation to adjust the portfolio returns. The main difference between the Sharpe ratio and the Treynor ratio is that unlike the use of systematic risk used in the case of Treynor ratio, the total risk or the The Treynor Ratio is a portfolio performance measure that adjusts for systematic - "undiversifiable" - risk. In contrast to the Sharpe Ratio, which adjusts return 27 Nov 2019 The Sharpe Ratio provides an overview of the return generating capacity of the fund against the overall risk. However, the Treynor Ratio 4 Oct 2016 While Sharpe ratio is applicable to all portfolios, Treynor is applicable to well- diversified portfolios. While Sharpe is used to measure historical
Sharpe (1966) introduces the reward-to-variability ratio, more commonly referred to as the Sharpe index, Sharpe measure, or Sharpe ratio. For con- sistency of financial literature: The Sharpe (1966) ratio and the Treynor and Black (1973) “ appraisal ratio” both use the Capital Market Line as the risk-return referential, The Treynor ratio is also known as the reward-to-volatility measure. While the Sharpe ratio looks at portfolio's return against the rate of return for a risk-free Apple Treynor RatioThe Treynor is the reward-to-volatility ratio that expresses the excess return to the beta of the equity or portfolio. It is similar to the Sharpe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817249.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418222029-20240419012029-00550.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | 6,332 | 10 |
http://genostar.gq/str1032-calculate-air-flow-rate-from-pressure.html | math | calculate air flow rate from pressure
Im trying to measure flow rate of air (in cc/min) over 60 seconds. I can record the pressure drop in inch h20 over that time period, how can I calculate the flow rate in cc/min? 1. Air Flow Flow of air or any other fluid is caused by a pressure differential between two points. Flow will originate from an area of high energy, or pressure, and proceed toFor each section: 1. Write down or calculate all known variables. Air Flow Rate. (Q) Duct Cross-Sectional Area of the section. calculation of flow rate of air through diffrential pressure ?Calculators and Converters. Ask a Question. Home > Engineering Calculator > Calculator: Air Flow Rate through Piping.From Pressure Reduction and Condensate Separation. Air flow differs from water flow in that air is compressible and water is not. The result is that calculating either volumetric or mass water flow rates are straightforward, while the volume of a given mass of air may change significantly based on the temperature and pressure changes that take Subject: calculate air flow rate in pipe at given pressure and temperature. Date: Sun Aug 3 15:11:15 2003 Posted by rauf Grade level: 10-12 School: data steel City: sadiqabad State/Province: panjab Country: pakistan Area of science: Engineering ID: 1059941475.Eg. The most common use of pressure sensors to calculate another parameter is flow. This technique is also used to measure air flow of blowers, airFor fluid flow measur ements, orifice plates, venturi tubes and nozzles simplify the use of differ ential pressure (P) sensors to determine the flow rate. Permanent Averaging Instruments. Differential Pressure Pitot-static tubes Pitot-static grids Flow Capture Hoods.- As a result, the airflow rate calculated using the assumed K factor can have significant error. Calculation of moist air properties. Air-handling plant area calculation. Air-handling ductwork cross-section design.Ductwork specific pressure loss calculation. Mass air-flow rate unit converter.
A variety of techniques are used to measure flow, including: the Coriolis Effect, mass air flowIn fact, many applications use pressure sensor measurements to calculate other key parametersIn medical applications, drug delivery (liquid flow) uses differential pressure sensors to measure flow rates of This site will explain it: http://www.ehow.com/how5973073calculat Youll need to know more than one of the pressures, if the pressure changes.
Remember Pressure Force/Area. How is flow and pressure linked? Why do we need a discharge coefficient? What must be known to calculate flow rate correctly? 1 0,41 0,35 4 p p1 Different flow result with new version from 2003 Difference in air flow calculation using different versions of ISO 5167 ISO 5167 The inlet diameter of the air is 150mm with a 2"wg pressure, while the diameter of the duct is 417mm. Is it possible to calculate the flow rate or velocity? Air Flow Calculations with Velocity Pressures (All Pressure Measurements in Water Column Inches) For estimates of air flow, a single velocity pressure measurement at the center of section of straight duct may be sufficient.Pressure Point 11: Calculating Flow Rate from Pressure Measurements. Diameter Velocity Flow Rate. Ultra Calculator.Enter 1.0472 in the in the flow rate box and choose cubic feet per second from its menu. Click the CALCULATE button and you will see this equals 8 inches. The relationship between air flow rate, temperature gradient and heat loads in displacement ventilation One method of calculating the airflow required to limitLWtot 40 10 log q 20 log pt dB. Air flow q is stated in m3/s Pressure setting pt stated in Pa The above equation is illustrated in the graph below. A hot air balloon rising vertically is tracked by an observer located 2 miles from the lift-off point. at a certain moment, the angle between the observers line-of-sight and the horizontal is 5 Answer. Physics.
use the difference between total pressure and static pressure to calculate the velocity of the aircraft or fluid flowing in the pipe or enclosure.220 Engine Air Filtration www.buydonaldson.com Technical Reference AIR FILTRATION TECHNICAL REFERENCE What is Airflow Restriction? How do you calculate Air Flow Rate (CFM).These comments received enough positive ratings to make them "good answers". 3 "Re: Calculate Air Flow Rate knowing Suuplied pressure and Hose diameter" by phoenix911 on 05/08/2017 2:58 PM (score 2). Online flow calculations for pressure drop, natural gas pipe flow calculation, Venturi and Orifice. Calculate the pressure drop for all the flow lengths and area changes that an air particle would see as it flows through Measure water or liquid flow rate and quantity using this very simple DIY project. What is the actual flow rate of Tube A?Did you measure the flow through each port of the dual flow sampler directly with an electronic calibrator reading out in ml/min (with representative sorbent tubes in the sampler), or are you relying on pressure readings to verify the flow? Compressible air flow calculator can be used for both laminar and turbulent flow. It can calculate pressure drop or flow rate through a pipe including friction losses and local pressure losses calculation. If the flow rate through the expansion is 368 gpm, the velocity goes from 9.27 ft/sec to 4.09 ft/sec.Therefore, head loss will always act to reduce the pressure head, or static pressure, of the fluid. There are several ways to calculate the amount of energy lost due to fluid flow through a pipe. Calculate air determining duct flow in cfm using the bapi pressure sensor airflow calculator velocity engineering toolbox.For example dynamic losses are proportional to pressure and can be calculated using the relationship between air flow rate (cfm) of an online calculator quickly Compressible air flow calculator can be used for both laminar and turbulent flow. It can calculate pressure drop or flow rate through a pipe including friction losses and local pressure losses calculation. The barometer, by itself, would give you the pressure from where you were reading it in the airflow.What equation should be used in order to calculate the flow rate (subsonic velocity) of air flows from a high pressure region to a low one? The basic relation between pressure and air flow through ducts or cavities is seen in Equation (3.1) for laminar flow and in Equation (3.2)The simulations only calculate the air flow rate for infiltration, but with results for every time step the corresponding temperature can be used in the energy calculation. Air flow and air pressure are related, but not tied together. For example, a leaf blower will be rated in CFMCubic Feet per Minute (CFM) Conversion Calculator to calculate air flow is made easier here. Air Flow, Air Systems, Pressure, and Fan Performance.Illustrate the dependence of gas transfer on gas flow rate. Calculate the air flow rate from testing the air flow controller and compare with the target value. Pipe Flow CalculationHydroponics Air Flow Calculator.will calculate air flow required based on temperature riseyou enter the total wattage of lights used and the temperatuPressure drop calculator Calculate pressure drop for known flow rate. Air flow is driven by pressures arising from wind and buoyancy forces (stack effect).In the course of an iterative procedure, room temperature and humidity conditions (together with any APhvac net supply or extract rates) are repeatedly passed to MacroFlo, which calculates the resulting natural ventilation Air Flow Conversion Calculator. Air Velocity is measurement of the rate of displacement of air or gas at a specific location.Concept of Air Velocity can be used in air conditioning, heating and ventilating work. Enter value, select unit and click on calculate. The device can also measure flow rate based on Air Cones that utilize the rotating vane head instead of the thermal probe.The TA465 models listed above can calculate flow rate from the square root of differential pressure and a K factor. Find all informations about calculate flow rate from pressure! Flowrate Calculation for a Draining Tank - eFunda.If I know what the air flow rate is at a certain pressure in a duct can i calculate the the flow rate at another known pressure??? Warning: fopen(wtuds/how-to-calculate-air-flow-rate-from-pressure): failed to open stream: Disk quota exceeded in /home/lwarwick/publichtml/catskill-motorcourt.com/vlzzoek/gtowza.php on line 149. Flow coefficient Cv is used to help calculate flow and pressure drop.q Cv x 11 pi / [SG (T 460)]1/2 where: q Air flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM). Air Flow Calculations: Non Choked Flow. How to Calculate Air Flow Rates (6 Steps) | eHowThis app will guide the user through the airflow measurement process and automatically calculate airflow in a round or square duct.Calculation of pressure drop and flow rate of compressible air flow calculator 1. Establish the formulas giving the different air flows for a given internal reference pressure 2. Calculate the internal reference pressure irp balancing airWhen the indoor air quality only relies on windows opening, it is taken into account that the user behaviour leads to air flow rates higher than After pressing the Calculate Airflow button, read the CFM requirement of 34.91 CFM in the volume airflow units column.Establishing Cooling Requirements: Air Flow vs Pressure.Acoustic Noise: Causes, Rating Systems, and Design Guidelines. Calculating Air Flow with density correction Correcting for standard cfm SCFM ACFM(530/(460Tact))(Pact/29.92) SCFM standard flow rate ACFM actual flow rate measured flow rate Tact measured dry bulb temperature of the actual airstream, F Pact absolute pressure I can say the the box is in a room, so open air around the box. The thrust should be 35 N and I have to calculate the pressure and the flow rate necessary to do this. I can choose the diameter of the hole with no particular limits (I think about 1-2 cm or similar). Here, well see how the Bernoulli equation works by calculating the pressure at one point in an air duct when you know the pressure at another point.(2017, April 24). How to Calculate Pressure From Flow Rate. in this video we learn how to calculate the pump performance curve vales for volume flow rate, rpm, head pressure, pump power, impeller diameter for . a reference guide for technician in the field to get a simple . calculation to get . fan motor calculations, pulley size, rpm, air flow rate . How to Calculate Flow Rate From a Tank. Category:HobbiesRelease time:2013-09-05Views:130.Inside the tank, the air pressure presses down on the liquid. T[More]. Measuring Pressure Ps, Pt and Pv. Calculating Velocity Pressure By Formula.Commercial air conditioning equipment is designed for a particular airflow across the evaporator. The flow rates for a design may be as low as 160 C.F.M. per ton to a high of 1600 C.F.M. per ton. In industrial applications, the most common use of pressure sensors to calculate anotherThis technique is also used to measure air flow of blowers, air flow through filters, vent hoodsIn medical applications, drug delivery (liquid flow) uses differential pressure sensors to measure flow rates of The formulas for calculating the pressure drop were obtained from the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals (ref 2). Correction factors for these formulas and testing of fittings and piping not included in the Fundamentalscfm air flow. Figure 1 - ASD system Airflow from NJ study of mitigated houses. [K mult] a constant to be multiplied to the flow rate. Differential pressure mass flow meter. A complete list of calculated coeffients are saved on file in the same folder of the actual file but with extension .g. air. Pitot tubes use the difference between total pressure and static pressure to calculate the velocity of the aircraft or fluid flowing in the pipe or enclosure.The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAEs) minimum efficiency reporting value, or MERV rating Q Air Flow rate (m3/s).A Flow area / leakage area (m2).P Pressure difference (Pa). normally50 Pa is used. static can be calculated by adding all friction losses in the duct if applicable the air outlet which has been taken into the consideration the pressure which is needed to be maintained | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864622.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522014949-20180522034949-00320.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | 12,340 | 5 |
http://recallinternacional.com/index.php/library/collected-works-thermodynamics | math | By Gibbs G.W.
Read Online or Download Collected works. Thermodynamics PDF
Similar thermodynamics and statistical mechanics books
Debris with fractional records interpolating among bosons and fermions have attracted the significant curiosity of mathematical physicists. lately it has emerged that those so-called anyons have quite unforeseen purposes in condensed topic physics, similar to the fractional corridor influence, anyonic excitations in movies of liquid helium, and high-temperature superconductivity.
This article offers a concise and thorough advent to the most ideas and useful purposes of thermodynamics and kinetics in fabrics technological know-how. it truly is designed with forms of makes use of in brain: to start with for one or semester college path for mid- to - top point undergraduate or first 12 months graduate scholars in a materials-science-oriented self-discipline and secondly for those who are looking to research the fabrics all alone.
The valuable message of this booklet is that thermodynamics and statistical mechanics will make the most of exchanging the unlucky, deceptive and mysterious time period entropy with a extra commonplace, significant and applicable time period akin to info, lacking info or uncertainty. This alternative may facilitate the translation of the driver of many methods by way of informational adjustments and dispel the secret that has continually enshrouded entropy.
Extra resources for Collected works. Thermodynamics
Our choice implies the following wave equation iE i ψ˙ P = − ψP = − h ¯ h ¯ mc2 + ∂x ψP = i pψP , ¯ h We have also 1 2 p ψP . 38) from which we deduce i¯ hψ˙ P = mc2 ψP − ¯2 2 h ∂ ψP . e. defining ψ ≡ eimc 2 t/¯ h ψP ∼ exp i h ¯ px − p2 t 2m . 38) and has the same probabilistic interpretation as ψP . Indeed both ρ and J are unchanged. The wave equation instead changes: 2 h 2 ¯ i¯ hψ˙ = − ∂ ψ ≡ Tψ. 41) This is the Schr¨ odinger equation for a free (non-relativistic) particle, in which the right-hand side has a natural interpretation in terms of the particle energy, which in the free case is only of kinetic type.
What is the velocity v cm of their center of mass frame? 46), it is easily found that vcm = 1/3 c, vcm = 2/3 c √ and |v cm | = 5/3 c. 31. A particle of mass M decays, while at rest, into three particles of equal mass m. What is the maximum and minimum possible energy for each of the outgoing particles? Answer: Let E1 , E2 , E3 and p1 , p2 , p3 be respectively the energies and the momenta of the three outgoing particles. We have to find, for instance, the maximum and minimum value of E1 which are compatible with the constraints p1 +p2 +p3 = 0 and E1 + E2 + E3 = M c2 .
5 The Potential Barrier The most interesting physical situation is that in which particles are not free, but subject to forces corresponding to a potential energy V (x). 42) has to be used. Since the equation is linear, the study can be limited, without loss of generality, to solutions which are periodic in time, like: ψ(x, t) = e−iEt/¯h ψE (x) . 54) Indeed the general time dependent solution can always be decomposed in periodic components through a Fourier expansion, so that its knowledge is equivalent to that of ψE (x) plus the expansion coefficients. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812880.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220050606-20180220070606-00108.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | 3,294 | 10 |
http://www.solutioninn.com/refer-to-exercise-677-if-40-of-the-people-in | math | Question: Refer to Exercise 6 77 If 40 of the people in
Refer to Exercise 6.77. If 40% of the people in a community will have a heart attack, what is the probability that a person with periodontal disease will have a heart attack?
Relevant QuestionsData from the Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, indicate that 40% of adults who did not finish high school, 34% of high school graduates, 24% of adults who completed some college, and ...What are the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in the previous exercise?Casino Windsor conducts surveys to determine the opinions of its customers. Among other questions, respondents are asked to give their opinion about “Your overall impression of Casino Windsor.” The responses areExcellent ...Refer to Case 6.2. Another baseball strategy is to attempt to steal second base. Historically the probability of a successful steal of second base is approximately 68%. The probability of being thrown out is 32%. (We’ll ...The probability that a university graduate will be offered no jobs within a month of graduation is estimated to be 5%. The probability of receiving one, two, and three job offers has similarly been estimated to be 43%, 31%, ...
Post your question | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818693940.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926013935-20170926033935-00477.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | 1,296 | 4 |
https://scottrossonline.com/tag/apologetics-2/ | math | How Could Everyone On Earth Come from Just Two People? A participant in my …
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
Continue to Part 4. Part 1 Part 2
There is a difference between Observational Science and Historical Science. Understanding the difference is important.
Continue to Part 3.
Continue listening with Part 2. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710941.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203212026-20221204002026-00310.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | 304 | 6 |
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=1371357&contentType=Conference+Publications | math | Skip to Main Content
The stochastic root-finding problem (SRFP) is that of solving a system of q equations in q unknowns using only an oracle that provides estimates of the function values. This paper presents a family of algorithms to solve the multidimensional (q ≥ 1) SRFP, generalizing Chen and Schmeiser's one-dimensional retrospective approximation (RA) family of algorithms. The fundamental idea used in the algorithms is to generate and solve, with increasing accuracy, a sequence of approximations to the SRFP. We focus on a specific member of the family, called the Bounding RA algorithm, which finds a sequence of polytopes that progressively decrease in size while approaching the solution. The algorithm converges almost surely and exhibits good practical performance with no user tuning of parameters, but no convergence proofs or numerical results are included here. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257828009.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071028-00124-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | 883 | 2 |
https://www.intechopen.com/profiles/331111 | math | The 3-dimensional slope stability analysis has been developing rapidly since the last decade, and currently a number of geomechanical researchers in the world have put forward ideas for optimization of slope design related to the economics and safety of mining operations. The 3-dimensional slope stability analysis methods has answered the assumption of spatial parameters in determining safety factors and the failure probability, thus the volume of failed material and the location of the most critical slopes can be determined. This chapter discusses two methods of 3-dimensional slope stability analysis, namely the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and finite element method (FEM). LEM 3D requires an assumption of failure type with the variable of analysis are the maximum number of columns, the amount of grid points, increment radius, and type of slip surface. On the other hand, FEM 3D requires an assumption of convergence type, absolute force and energy, with the variable of analysis are mesh type and maximum number of iterations. LEM 3D shows that the cuckoo algorithm is reliable in obtaining position and shape of slip surface. Meanwhile FEM 3D, the optimum iteration number needs to be considered to improve analysis efficiency and preserving accuracy.
Part of the book: Slope Engineering | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945168.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323132026-20230323162026-00373.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | 1,303 | 2 |
https://studylib.net/doc/25603940/ce-210-home-test-3 | math | THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CE 210 HOME TEST 3 Instructions 1. Answer all questions 2. The assignment should be done in pairs Submission Deadline: 15th September, 2021 at 12hrs 1. 100 moles of carbon monoxide at 300°C is combusted with 100 mol of oxygen gas which is at 100°C. If the product gases leave at 400°C, how much heat (in kilojoules) is transferred to or from the system? 2. 100 moles of propane is combusted in an oxidation reactor producing CO2, CO and water vapour. The propane and air enter the reactor at 25°C and 100°C respectively. The product stream leaves at 170°C and contains 25 mole C3H8, 195 mole CO2, 30 mole CO, 245 mole O2, 2257 mole N2, 300 mole H2O. Calculate the heat energy (Q) supplied in the reactor. Good Luck! | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100427.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202140407-20231202170407-00776.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | 782 | 1 |
http://ir.ihep.ac.cn/handle/311005/226474 | math | The angular distributions of the baryon-antibaryon low-mass enhancements seen in the charmless three-body baryonic B decays B+ -> ppK(+), B-0 -> ppK(S)(0) and B-0 -> p Lambda pi(-) are reported. A quark fragmentation interpretation is supported, while the gluonic resonance picture is disfavored. Searches for the Theta(+) and Theta(++) pentaquarks in the relevant decay modes and possible glueball states G with 2.2 GeV/c(2) < M-pp < 2.4 GeV/c(2) in the pp systems give null results. We set upper limits on the products of branching fractions, B(B-0 -> Theta(+)p)B(Theta(+) -> pK(S)(0)) < 2.3 x 10(-7), B(B+ -> Theta(++)p)B(Theta(++) -> pK(+)) < 9.1 x 10(-8), and B(B+ -> GK(+))B(G -> pp) < 4.1 X 10(-7) at the 90% confidence level. The analysis is based on a 140 fb(-1) data sample recorded on the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891546.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180122232843-20180123012843-00201.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | 932 | 1 |
https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJSTER/edition/September_2017 | math | Single basis function method for solving diffusion convection equations
In this study, we developed a new numerical finite difference method for solving various diffusion convection equations. The method involves reduction of the diffusion convection equations to a system of algebraic equations. By solving the system of algebraic equations we obtain the problem approximate solutions. The study of the numerical accuracy of the method has shown that the method provides similar results to the... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267158633.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20180922182020-20180922202420-00101.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | 497 | 2 |
http://www.binitpatel.co.in/honeybee/ispchapter4.html | math | Multiple Linear Regression
Multiple linear regression is an extension of simple linear regression in which there is a
single dependent (response) variable (Y) and k independent (predictor) variables Xi
, i = 1,
… , k. In multiple linear regression, the dependent variable is a quantitative variable while
the independent variables may be quantitative or indicator (0, 1) variables. The usual
purpose of a multiple regression analysis is to create a regression equation for predicting
the dependent variable from a group of independent variables. Desired outcomes of such
an analysis may include the following:
1. Screen independent variables to determine which ones are good predictors and thus find the most effective (and efficient) prediction model.
2. Obtain estimates of individual coefficients in the model to understand the predictive role of the individual independent variables used.
Appropriate Applications for Multiple Regression Analysis
Design Considerations for Multiple Regression Analysis
A Theoretical Multiple Regression Equation Exists That Describes the Relationship Between the Dependent Variable and the Independent Variables
As in the case of simple linear regression, the multiple regression equation calculated from
the data is a sample-based version of a theoretical equation describing the relationship
between the k independent variables and the dependent variable Y. The theoretical
equation is of the form
Y = α + β1X1 + β2X2 +… + βkXk+ ε
where α is the intercept term and βi is the regression coefficient corresponding to the ith independent variable. Also, as in simple linear regression, ε is an error term with zero mean and constant variance. Note that if βi = 0, then in this setting, the ith independent variable is not useful in predicting the dependent variable.
The Observed Multiple Regression Equation Is Calculated From the Data Based on the Least Squares Principle
The multiple regression equation that is obtained from the data for predicting the
dependent variable from the k independent variables is given by
Ŷ = a+b1X1+b2X2…+bkXk
As in the case of simple linear regression, the coefficients a, b1 , b2 , … , and bk are least squares estimates of the corresponding coefficients in the theoretical model. That is, as in the case of simple linear regression, the least squares estimates a and b1 , … , bk are the values for which the sum-of-squared differences between the observed y values and the predicted y values are minimized.
Several Assumptions Are Involved
1. Normality. The population of Y values for each combination of independent variables
is normally distributed.
2. Equal variances. The populations in Assumption 1 all have the same variance.
3. Independence. The dependent variables used in the computation of the regression equation are not correlated. This typically means that each observed y value must be from a separate subject or entity.
Hypotheses for a Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
In multiple regression analysis, the usual procedure for determining whether the ith
independent variable contributes to the prediction of the dependent variable is to test the
H0 : βi = 0
Ha : βi ≠ 0
for i = 1, … , k. Each of these tests is performed using a t-test. There will be k of these tests (one for each independent variable), and most statistical packages report the corresponding t-statistics and p-values. Note that if there were no linear relationship whatsoever between the dependent variable and the independent variables, then all of the βis would be zero. Most programs also report an F-test in an analysis of variance output that provides a single test of the following hypotheses:
H0 : β1 = β2 =…= βk = 0 (there is no linear relationship between the dependent variable and the collection of independent variables).
Ha : At least one of the βis is nonzero (there is a linear relationship between the dependent variable and at least one of the independent variables).
The analysis-of-variance framework breaks up the total variability in the dependent variable (as measured by the total sum of squares) by that which can be explained by the regression using X1 , X2 , … , Xk (the regression sum of squares) and that which cannot be explained by the regression (the error sum of squares). It is good practice to check the pvalue associated with this overall F-test as the first step in the testing procedure. Then, if this p-value is less than 0.05, you would reject the null hypothesis of no linear relationship and proceed to examine the results of the t-tests. However, if the p-value for the F-test is greater than 0.05, then you have no evidence of any relationship between the dependent variable and any of the independent variables, so you should not examine the individual ttests. Any findings of significance at this point would be questionable.
Click Here To Download Sample Dataset (SPSS Format)
Research Scenario and Test Selection
The researcher wants to understand how certain physical factors may affect
an individual’s weight. The research scenario centers on the belief that an
individual’s “height” and “age” (independent variables) are related to the individual’s “weight” (dependent variable). Another way of stating the scenario is
that age and height influence the weight of an individual. When attempting
to select the analytic approach, an important consideration is the level of
measurement. As with single regression, the dependent variable must be
measured at the scale level (interval or ratio). The independent variables are
almost always continuous, although there are methods to accommodate discrete variables. In the example presented above, all data are measured at the
scale level. What type of statistical analysis would you suggest to investigate
the relationship of height and age to a person’s weight?
Regression analysis comes to mind since we are attempting to estimate (predict) the value of one variable based on the knowledge of the others, which can be done with a prediction equation. Single regression can be ruled out since we have two independent variables and one dependent variable. Let’s consider multiple linear regression as a possible analytic approach.
We must check to see if our variables are approximately normally distributed. Furthermore, it is required that the relationship between the variables be approximately linear. And we will also have to check for homoscedasticity, which means that the variances in the dependent variable are the same for each level of the independent variables. Here’s an example of homoscedasticity. A distribution of individuals who are 61 inches tall and aged 41 years would have the same variability in weight as those who are 72 inches tall and aged 31 years. In the sections that follow, some of these required data characteristics will be examined immediately, others when we get deeper into the analysis.
The basic research question (alternative hypothesis) is whether an individual’s weight is related to that person’s age and height. The null hypothesis is the opposite of the alternative hypothesis: An individual’s weight is
not related to his or her age and height.
Therefore, this research question involves two independent variables, “height” and “age,” and one dependent variable, weight. The investigator wishes to determine how height and age, taken together or individually, might explain the variation in weight. Such information could assist someone attempting to estimate an individual’s weight based on the knowledge of his or her height and age. Another way of stating the question uses the concept of prediction and error reduction. How successfully could we predict someone’s weight given that we know his or her age and height? How much error could be reduced in making the prediction when age and height are known? One final question: Are the relationships between weight and each of the two independent variables statistically significant?
R column of the table here shows a strong multiple correlation coefficient. It represents the correlation coefficient when both independent variables (“age” and “height”) are taken together and compared with the dependent variable “weight.” The Model Summary indicates that the amount of change in the dependent variable is determined by the two independent variables—not by one as in single regression. From an “interpretation” standpoint, the value in the next column, R Square, is extremely important. The R Square of .845 indicates that 84.5% (.845 × 100) of the variance in an individual’s “weight” (dependent variable) can be explained by both the independent variables, “height” and “age.” It is safe to say that we have a “good” predictor of weight if an individual’s height and age are known
The ANOVA table indicates that the mathematical model (the regression equation) can accurately explain variation in the dependent variable. The value of .000 (which is less than .05) provides evidence that there is a low probability that the variation explained by the model is due to chance. We conclude that changes in the dependent variable result from changes in the independent variables. In this example, changes in height and age resulted in significant changes in weight.
As with single linear regression, the Coefficients table shown in Figure 21.13
provides the essential values for the prediction equation. The prediction equation takes the following form:
Ŷ = a + b1x1 + b2x2,
where Ŷ is the predicted value, a the intercept, b1 the slope for “height,” x1 the independent variable “height,” b2 the slope for “age,” and x2 the independent variable “age.”
The equation simply states that you multiply the individual slopes by the values of the independent variables and then add the products to the intercept—not too difficult. The slopes and intercepts can be found in the table shown in Figure 21.13. Look in the column labeled B. The intercept (the value for a in the above equation) is located in the (Constant) row and is -175.175. The value below this of 5.072 is the slope for “height,” and below that is the value of -0.399, the slope for “age.” The values for x are found in the weight.sav database. Substituting the regression coefficients, the slope and the intercept, into the equation, we find the following:
Weight = - 175. 175 + (5.072 * Height) − (0.399 * Age).
Further, if we notice p-value for age as a independent variable then, it has no significant relationship with weight as the value is 0.299 which is greater than alpha value of 0.05. So, we can consider that the Height is only variable which is contributing significantly in explaining the variability of Weight. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400210616.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20200923081833-20200923111833-00190.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | 10,780 | 65 |
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/111840/would-have-had-if-were-would-would-have/111854#111854 | math | These are all variants on the conditional mood. As a general rule, the "would" statement is known as the "conditional perfect", and can only be used in the clause that describes the consequence, not the one that sets up the condition (i.e. "If I would" is always incorrect).
A short breakdown of the examples, to the best of my knowledge:
1 is incorrect due to mixed tenses. "I would do" is present tense; "had I been" is past.
2 is correct: the tenses match (both past). The removal of "if" and the swapping of the order to "had I" in the second clause is a conditional inversion.
3 is also correct: Here, "were" is being used in a form known as the "present unreal conditional".
4: Correct; "were" is also used for the past unreal conditional (so again, the tenses match)
5&6: both incorrect; "would I be him" would only work in the form of a question, and not as part of the conditional statement: "If I changed into his clothes, would I be him?"
7&8: Same as in 5&6, only framed in the past tense (so the start would be "If I had changed[...]")
9-12 are all incorrect as the conditional perfect ("would[...]") cannot be used in an "if" clause, as mentioned at the start. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587655.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20211025061300-20211025091300-00439.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | 1,174 | 9 |
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http://www.sparknotes.com/math/calcbc1/computingderivatives/section2.rhtml | math | In this section, we introduce the basic techniques of differentiation and apply them to functions built up from the elementary functions.
There are two simple properties of differentiation that make the calculation of derivatives much easier. Let f (x) , g(x) be two functions, and let c be a constant. Then
Given two functions f (x) , g(x) , and their derivatives f'(x) , g'(x) , we would like to be able to calculate the derivative of the product function f (x)g(x) . We do this by follwowing the product rule:
|=||f (x + ε) g(x)|
|=||f (x)g'(x) + g(x)f'(x)|
Now we show how to express the derivative of the quotient of two functions f (x) , g(x) in terms of their derivatives f'(x) , g'(x) . Let q(x) = f (x)/g(x) . Then f (x) = q(x)g(x) , so by the product rule, f'(x) = q(x)g'(x) + g(x)q'(x) . Solving for q'(x) , we obtain
|q'(x) = = =|
This is known as the quotient rule. As an example of the use of the quotient rule, consider the rational function q(x) = x/(x + 1) . Here f (x) = x and g(x) = x + 1 , so
|q'(x) = = =|
Suppose a function h is a composition of two other functions, that is, h(x) = f (g(x)) . We would like to express the derivative of h in terms of the derivatives of f and g . To do so, follow the chain rule, given below:
|h'(x) = f'(g(x))g'(x)|
Alternately, if we let y = g(x) , z = f (y) , then we may write the formula in the following way (using the alternate notation for derivatives):
This is easy to remember, because it looks like the dy are quantities that cancel. While convenient, one must be careful to realize that dy is just a notational device; it does not represent a number and cannot be haphazardly manipulated as such.
Sometimes we encounter an equation relating two variables that does not come from a function. One familiar example is the equation for a unit circle, x 2 + y 2 = 1 . While this equation is not a function in itself, its graph of its solutions is made up of the graph of two functions defined on the interval [- 1, 1] : f (x) = and g(x) = - . These functions are said to be implicit functions for the equation.
In the case of the unit circle, we were able to write down the implicit functions explicitly, but this is not always possible. As an example, consider the equation x 2 y 2 = x + y , the graph of whose solutions resembles an "infinite boomerang," displayed below.
It is not possible to find a simple formula for x or y , so we cannot write down the implicit functions. But we still may want to know the slope of the graph at a particular point, that is, the derivative of an implicit function at that point. Implicit differentiation allows us to do this.
The idea is to differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to x (using the chain rule where necessary). The two sides must remain equal under this differentiation. Then we solve for y'(x) in terms of x and y . The fact that we need to know both the x - and y -coordinates of a point in order to compute the derivative should come as no surprise, since two different points on the graph may very well have the same x - coordinate. The full set of solutions to an equation is not, in general, the graph of a function.
For the infinite boomerang, we obtain:
|[x 2 y 2]||=||[x + y]|
|x 2(2yy') + y 2(2x)||=||1 + y'|
|y'(2x 2 y - 1)||=||1 - 2xy 2|
Therefore, at the point (0, 0) , the slope of the graph is -1 . Note that we cannot just plug any point we like into this formula--the point must be a solution to the original equation in order for the answer to make sense.
We can put the chain rule and implicit differentiation to work to find the derivative of an inverse function when we already know the derivative of the function itself. Suppose we are given a function f (x) with derivative f'(x) and let g(x) be its inverse, so that g(f (x)) = f (g(x)) = x . Differentiating both sides of f (g(x)) = x , we obtain:
Let us use this technique to find the derivative of the inverse sine function, f (x) = sin-1(x) , defined on the interval [- 1, 1] and taking values in [- Π/2, Π/2] . Since f'(x) = cos(x) , the formula tells us that g'(x) = 1/cos(sin-1(x)) = 1/ . The derivatives of the other inverse trigonometric functions are as follows: | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131317570.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172157-00096-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | 4,178 | 24 |
http://grid-tools.com/products/data_shaper/weibull_data_trend.php | math | Llyr Jones is a Developer and Mathematical Analyst for Grid-Tools. He is a Maths graduate from St Andrews University and is currently specializing in data trend analysis for Datamaker™.
This is a family of 2-parameter distributions which are used to model many different phenomena. They are characterised by two positive parameters: a scale parameter λ and a shape parameter k. The Weibull distribution can be thought of as a generalisation of the exponential distribution (when k = 1 it represents an exponential distribution with intensity (1 / λ)) and the Rayleigh distribution (when k = 2).
The primary usage of this distribution is in reliability modeling, where there are sound mechanical grounds behind its usage. In fact, it is suitable for modeling any phenomenon which involves a ‘time to failure’ and the failure rate is proportional to a power of time – in this case the parameter k describes how the failure rate changes over time, as follows:
The Weibull distribution has the following probability density function (when x ≥ 0):
In addition to reliability modeling, the Weibull distribution arises in the following contexts: | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698554957/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100234-00004-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | 1,150 | 5 |
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The draw for the fifth round of the fa cup is about to be made. Today we are presenting an article on how to solve probability questions in competitive examination. Hansen 20201 university of wisconsin department of economics april 2020 comments welcome 1this manuscript may be printed and reproduced for individual or instructional use, but may not be printed for. Probability shortcut tricks are very important thing to know for your exams. It is the time consuming part for most of the aspirants. Probability questions are an important part of quantitative aptitude section of most competitive exams like sbi, ibps, poclerk. Probability tricks all important formulas, problems and solved examples frequently asked in competitive exams banks, ssc, gmat, cat. Here are some tricks to solve data interpretation questions quickly.
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http://www.girlswithcoupons.com/daily-coupon-roundup-133/ | math | This is a summary of the coupons we published during the last 24 hours.
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http://gaming.stackexchange.com/tags/swtor/hot | math | Hot answers tagged swtor
You can't start a roll roll while in the air, but you will go farther if you roll off a ledge. That's all there is to it. Note that Operatives/Scoundrels can roll twice for 24 meters total, whereas Snipers/Gunslingers can only roll once for 18 meters. There's also a trick called a "rollbang" where you do actually press jump as you trigger the roll in ...
As Frank noted in the comments, you can Shift + Right Click to gather yourself. However, you can also swap the controls (so that you gather on Right Click, and the companion uses Shift) via Preferences -> Controls -> General:
Here are the ones I've found so far (none on Sky Ridge Island yet): Horizon Island (-909, 149, -3) — out in open water just offshore (-828, -21, 18) — on a platform near a Nova Blade ship (-388, 85, -3) — tucked between rocks against some ship wreckage (-264, 35, -2) — between two islands (48, 244, -3) — in a narrow canyon ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1419447554429.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20141224185914-00082-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | 1,022 | 5 |
https://www.hireresearcher.co.uk/samples/question-1-without-using-a-calculator-calculatesimplify/ | math | This paper circulates around the core theme of Question 1 Without using a calculator, calculate/simplify: together with its essential aspects. It has been reviewed and purchased by the majority of students thus, this paper is rated 4.8 out of 5 points by the students. In addition to this, the price of this paper commences from £ 48. To get this paper written from the scratch, order this assignment now. 100% confidential, 100% plagiarism-free.
Question 1 Without using a calculator, calculate/simplify:
Question 2 Expand and simplify:
Question 3 If the GNP of a certain country in 2000 was 8 billion dollars, write down an expression for the GNP 6 years later if it increases by 5% each year.
Question 4 Expand and simplify to a single fraction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178363809.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20210302095427-20210302125427-00310.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | 748 | 5 |
http://www.acronymfinder.com/Nearest-Neighbor-Rule-(algorithm)-(NNR).html | math | This definition appears very rarely
and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
See other meanings of NNR
We have 32 other definitions for NNR
in our Acronym Attic
Samples in periodicals archive:
Among the topics are probability densities, the pattern recognition problem, the nearest neighbor rule, infinite VC (Vapnik-Chervonenkis) dimension, the function estimation problem, and support vector machines.
The idea is similar to the Reduced Nearest Neighbor rule (RNN), but in this case the algorithm consider if the deleted instance could be classified correctly, while the RNN takes into account if the other instances classification could be damaged by the elimination of those instances.
Subsequent chapters feature coverage of topics such as the pattern recognition problem, optimal Bayes decision rule, the nearest neighbor rule, kernel rules, neural networks, support vector machines, and boosting. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400379083.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123259-00249-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | 958 | 10 |
https://kyushu-u.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/theoretical-prediction-of-droplet-diameters-based-on-energy-conse | math | A theoretical model is proposed and validated for calculating droplet diameters and size distributions. The model is derived based on the energy conservation law including the surface free energy and the Laplace pressure. Under several hypotheses, the law derives an equation indicating that atomization results from kinetic energy loss. Thus, once the amount of loss is determined, the droplet diameter is able to be calculated without the use of experimental parameters. When the effects of ambient gas are negligible, injection velocity profiles of liquid jets are the essential cause of the reduction of kinetic energy. The minimum Sauter mean diameter produced by liquid sheet atomization is inversely proportional to the injection Weber number when the injection velocity profiles are laminar or turbulent. A non-dimensional distribution function is also derived from the mean diameter model and Nukiyama-Tanasawa's function. The new estimation methods are favorably validated by comparing with corresponding mean diameters and the size distributions, which are experimentally measured under atmospheric pressure. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100705.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207221604-20231208011604-00010.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | 1,119 | 1 |
https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/3097 | math | Ideals of one-branch singularities of curves of the type $W$
AbstractWe establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a one-branch singularity of the type $W$ of a plane algebraic curve to have at most two-parameter families of ideals.
How to Cite
Skuratovskii, R. V. “Ideals of One-Branch Singularities of Curves of the Type $W$”. Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 61, no. 9, Sept. 2009, pp. 1257-66, https://umj.imath.kiev.ua/index.php/umj/article/view/3097. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499845.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131055533-20230131085533-00223.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | 476 | 4 |
http://www.windowspedia.net/windows-8-os/educational-science-software-tag/rhyscitlema-graph-plotter-3d-download-3581.html | math | This software is based on a virtual space. An object has a position in space and a direction to which it is oriented. The orientation is defined by the direction to which the object's local axes are pointing. This virtual space is called Rhyscitlema!
Just like in the real world, there is need for some sort of camera to view an object in space. So here there is what you may call a virtual camera. It also has a position in space and a direction to which it is oriented.
In the Graph Plotter 3D software, the object being viewed is the graph of an equation expressed in terms of x, y and z. So the object is a 3D graph. Added to the equation of the graph there can be inequalities that it must satisfy. Note that even 0=0 is a valid equation!
Most importantly, absolutely everything about a graph and a camera is found (is resolved) in a single block of text. This block contains the 'features' that define the graph or the camera. These features are essentially variables and functions to which mathematical expressions are given. Absolutely any valid mathematical expression can be given. This includes expressions with vectors, matrices, functions of arbitrary number of parameters, arrays of functions, and many more.
The software uses a special variable denoted 't' which refers to 'time'. This variable 't' is used as part of a mathematical expression in order to vary with time. It essentially can be used anywhere.
In summary, the Rhyscitlema Graph Plotter 3D software is a 3D virtual environment that allows for plotting 3D graphs of equations in x, y and z, while also allowing for anything to be made to vary with time.
Other Windows Software of Developer «Rhyscitlema»:
Rhyscitlema Calculator For All Rhyscitlema Calculator For All is a software to evaluate any mathematical expression, and also use user-defined variables and functions. It is derived from the Rhyscitlema Graph Plotter 3D software.
The software evaluates variables and functions defined
Maths Trainer "Maths Trainer" is a versatile flash card maths training program, for all ages and levels.
There is nothing like reflexive calculation of basic maths problems when studying mathematics, basic or advanced. This program will help keep your mind sharp and
MultiplexCalc MultiplexCalc is a multipurpose and comprehensive desktop calculator for Windows. It can be used as an enhanced elementary, scientific, financial or expression calculator. It embodies generic floating-point routines, hyperbolic and transcendental routines.
Quick Conversion Lite version converts several units of length. Plus version converts length, weight and capacity measures. By typing a number into box provided will instantly display the results without the user having to search through a confusing menu of choices. Great
NeuroXL Package NeuroXL Package is a neural network toolkit for Microsoft Excel. It consists of NeuroXL Predictor and NeuroXL Clusterizer.
NeuroXL Predictor add-in is a neural network forecasting tool that quickly and accurately solves forecasting and estimation proble
Geometry by WAGmob for Windows 8 Geometry by WAGmob for Windows 8 helps you understand the basics in a nice and organized manner. App tools include search, bookmark, and Facebook integration. It has tutorials on Introduction, Angles, Triangles I, Triangles II, Quadrilaterals, Special Quad
Unit Conversion Professional Unit Conversion Professional make you wade through lists to find the categories and units you care about. Unit Conversion Professional integrated keypad/calculator speeds number entry, allows scientific notation, and minimizes switching between apps. Unit
SVD-Based Face Recognition Projection-based face recognition has been widely studied during the past two decades. One of the problems is to require a huge storage space to save the face features obtained from training faces. We propose an SVD-based face retrieval system which requir
Visual Data Scientific data visualization software. Creating vertex, grid and surface model, Delaunay triangles, color map, contour plot, vector plot, 3D contour plot, 4D scatter, 4D slice and 4D vector.Creating graphs of regular data and irregular data. Creating vert
Quintuple Integral Calculator Real 15 Quintuple Integral Calculator Real 15 calculates definite Quintuple integrals of real functions with four real variables. Numerical values are calculated with precision up to 15 digits. The calculator does not make any symbolic integration and any analytic
Trigonometry by WAGmob for Windows 8 WAGmob brings you Simple 'n Easy, on-the-go learning app for Trigonometry .The app helps you understand the basics in a nice and organized manner. App tools include search, bookmark, and Facebook integration. It includes Tutorials, Quizzes, and Flashcards.
Supported Operating Systems:
Windows 2000 |
Windows 2003 |
Windows 7 |
Windows 8 |
Windows Vista |
Windows XP |
Comments on Rhyscitlema Graph Plotter 3D:
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http://nrich.maths.org/public/leg.php?code=31&cl=1&cldcmpid=924 | math | On a farm there were some hens and sheep. Altogether there were 8 heads and 22 feet. How many hens were there?
Arrange the numbers 1 to 6 in each set of circles below. The sum of each side of the triangle should equal the number in its centre.
Fill in the missing numbers so that adding each pair of corner numbers gives you the number between them (in the box).
Fill in the numbers to make the sum of each row, column and diagonal equal to 34. For an extra challenge try the huge American Flag magic square.
There are three buckets each of which holds a maximum of 5 litres. Use the clues to work out how much liquid there is in each bucket.
Annie and Ben are playing a game with a calculator. What was Annie's secret number?
This problem is based on the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. Investigate the different numbers of people and rats there could have been if you know how many legs there are altogether!
There were chews for 2p, mini eggs for 3p, Chocko bars for 5p and lollypops for 7p in the sweet shop. What could each of the children buy with their money?
This magic square has operations written in it, to make it into a maze. Start wherever you like, go through every cell and go out a total of 15!
There are 44 people coming to a dinner party. There are 15 square tables that seat 4 people. Find a way to seat the 44 people using all 15 tables, with no empty places.
There are three baskets, a brown one, a red one and a pink one, holding a total of 10 eggs. Can you use the information given to find out how many eggs are in each basket?
In this game for two players, the idea is to take it in turns to choose 1, 3, 5 or 7. The winner is the first to make the total 37.
A game for 2 people. Use your skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to blast the asteroids.
Try grouping the dominoes in the ways described. Are there any left over each time? Can you explain why?
There are 78 prisoners in a square cell block of twelve cells. The clever prison warder arranged them so there were 25 along each wall of the prison block. How did he do it?
Look carefully at the numbers. What do you notice? Can you make another square using the numbers 1 to 16, that displays the same properties?
Use your logical-thinking skills to deduce how much Dan's crisps and ice-cream cost altogether.
Leah and Tom each have a number line. Can you work out where their counters will land? What are the secret jumps they make with their counters?
Peter, Melanie, Amil and Jack received a total of 38 chocolate eggs. Use the information to work out how many eggs each person had.
This activity is best done with a whole class or in a large group. Can you match the cards? What happens when you add pairs of the numbers together?
Winifred Wytsh bought a box each of jelly babies, milk jelly bears, yellow jelly bees and jelly belly beans. In how many different ways could she make a jolly jelly feast with 32 legs?
The value of the circle changes in each of the following problems. Can you discover its value in each problem?
Can you work out how many flowers there will be on the Amazing Splitting Plant after it has been growing for six weeks?
Can you find which shapes you need to put into the grid to make the totals at the end of each row and the bottom of each column?
There are 4 jugs which hold 9 litres, 7 litres, 4 litres and 2 litres. Find a way to pour 9 litres of drink from one jug to another until you are left with exactly 3 litres in three of the jugs.
Katie had a pack of 20 cards numbered from 1 to 20. She arranged the cards into 6 unequal piles where each pile added to the same total. What was the total and how could this be done?
Cassandra, David and Lachlan are brothers and sisters. They range in age between 1 year and 14 years. Can you figure out their exact ages from the clues?
How could you put eight beanbags in the hoops so that there are four in the blue hoop, five in the red and six in the yellow? Can you find all the ways of doing this?
Place the digits 1 to 9 into the circles so that each side of the triangle adds to the same total.
This task, written for the National Young Mathematicians' Award 2016, focuses on 'open squares'. What would the next five open squares look like?
Ten cards are put into five envelopes so that there are two cards in each envelope. The sum of the numbers inside it is written on each envelope. What numbers could be inside the envelopes?
There is a clock-face where the numbers have become all mixed up. Can you find out where all the numbers have got to from these ten statements?
You have 5 darts and your target score is 44. How many different ways could you score 44?
Use the information to work out how many gifts there are in each pile.
Add the sum of the squares of four numbers between 10 and 20 to the sum of the squares of three numbers less than 6 to make the square of another, larger, number.
Lolla bought a balloon at the circus. She gave the clown six coins to pay for it. What could Lolla have paid for the balloon?
Woof is a big dog. Yap is a little dog. Emma has 16 dog biscuits to give to the two dogs. She gave Woof 4 more biscuits than Yap. How many biscuits did each dog get?
The clockmaker's wife cut up his birthday cake to look like a clock face. Can you work out who received each piece?
There were 22 legs creeping across the web. How many flies? How many spiders?
Can you put plus signs in so this is true? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = 99 How many ways can you do it?
Exactly 195 digits have been used to number the pages in a book. How many pages does the book have?
What do the digits in the number fifteen add up to? How many other numbers have digits with the same total but no zeros?
This dice train has been made using specific rules. How many different trains can you make?
Suppose there is a train with 24 carriages which are going to be put together to make up some new trains. Can you find all the ways that this can be done?
In Sam and Jill's garden there are two sorts of ladybirds with 7 spots or 4 spots. What numbers of total spots can you make?
If you hang two weights on one side of this balance, in how many different ways can you hang three weights on the other side for it to be balanced?
This challenge focuses on finding the sum and difference of pairs of two-digit numbers.
Are these domino games fair? Can you explain why or why not?
Using the statements, can you work out how many of each type of rabbit there are in these pens?
This task, written for the National Young Mathematicians' Award 2016, invites you to explore the different combinations of scores that you might get on these dart boards. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319943.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623012730-20170623032730-00203.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | 6,630 | 50 |
https://cosmicrayenterprises.com/who-got-the-triangle-game.html | math | Who got the triangle game?
Where does the magic triangle point?
The magic triangle explains the three objectives of an investment and their interdependence: security, availability and yield. These are in competition with each other. No type of investment can meet all three criteria at the same time.
How does the triangle game work?
Triangle game: The triangle game describes the formation of triangles by three players in order to always be able to offer the ball-carrying teammate a free pass station. This means that the ball-carrying actor forms a vertex of this triangle, which is connected to two other vertices.
How many triangles are there?
How many triangles are hidden in the shape shown? If you consider all the small, large and jointly formed triangles, you end up with exactly one result: 24 triangles have to be counted. Anyone who comes up with less has overlooked some. Whoever is over it has counted twice.
Where did the missing square go?
Where has this square gone? The trick to the puzzle is that the outer triangle isn’t really a triangle at all. The »hypotenuse« is not a straight line, but is bent inwards at the point where the two small triangles meet.
Riddle: Darn triangle, who stole the square, Riddle
24 related questions found
Who owns the triangle solution?
Who owns the triangle determines who speaks first after—or while—the triangle is drawn. The person who speaks first owns the triangle. Depending on the exact variant, the speaker pauses briefly after the third person of the triangle and waits for someone to say something.
What is the sum of the last triangle?
The sum of all interior angles is always 180°.
How many triangles in the picture?
How many triangles can you count in this picture? Admittedly, the solution to the riddle is not easy. In fact, 25 triangles can be found in the image. However, most can only see 24, the trick is to count the «A» in the artist’s signature as a triangle.
How many triangles do you see 18?
The riddle probably comes from an intelligence test. It is said that people with an IQ of 120 or higher see 18 triangles. The network is currently discussing how many can actually be seen. However, there is no official solution yet.
what is your temperature
The normal human body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius — so it is said.
What does the Willi solution like?
«Willi likes soup, but he doesn’t like eggs», «Willi likes rats, but he doesn’t like mice», «He likes swimming, he doesn’t like bathing».
What is the magic triangle project management?
The magic triangle is a concept from project management. The aim here is to balance the three dimensions of time, scope and costs. It is important to know how these are related to each other and how the magic triangle can be adapted to the goals and management style.
How to play Black Magic
Tell your assistant the secret of the game in private. Tell him that you will point to different objects in the room and ask each one if it is the object you are thinking of. He should always answer «No» but pay attention to the color of the object you are pointing to.
Why is the magic triangle called that?
Especially in German-speaking countries, the «Magic Triangle» is known as a symbol for three central factors of project management. The factors were time, cost and performance (also time, cost, outcome/quality). The goal or the success factor is positioned in the middle of the triangle.
Why is the magic triangle called that?
Why is the magic triangle called magic? The magic triangle consists of the three important success factors scope of services, time and costs. These three dimensions are directly related to each other.
What does the magic triangle say?
The magic triangle in project management comprises three target dimensions: time, costs and performance or quality. These are directly related to each other. Their interactions must be carefully considered in order to be able to plan and carry out a project successfully.
How many triangles are there in the star?
Altogether there are 104 triangles in the star. Notes for weaker students: Types 1 and 2b of the above solutions are likely to be found by most students. However, types 2a and 3 are already more difficult to detect.
How many triangles with 5 straight lines?
How to draw 5 triangles with 8 strokes
So theoretically you need 24 strokes to draw 8 individual triangles. You can also place the triangles next to each other or nest them to get to your goal with fewer strokes.
How many 3 corners are there in a pentagram?
The points of the pentagram are isosceles triangles. The angles between the base and legs of these triangles are 72°. The inner pentagon, together with two non-adjacent points, forms an isosceles triangle with a blunt point, the already mentioned 108° angle.
Which direction is the bus going in?
The answer is very simple: the bus drives to the left. The reason: the doors of the bus cannot be seen, so they have to be on the other side.
How many triangles do you see squared?
Solution. A colleague suggested the very simplest solution: Cut the square along the two diagonals. In this way you get four identically sized isosceles triangles that are also right-angled.
How many triangles in the pyramid?
A square pyramid is a geometric solid. It consists of a square base and a peripheral surface consisting of four isosceles triangles.
Why does a square have 360 degrees?
The square has one more corner than the triangle. So the sum of the angles is 180°+180°= 360°.
Why is a triangle always 180 degrees?
Every angle in a triangle has 2 equal exterior angles. Angle and exterior angle together add up to 180°. Each exterior angle is exactly the same size as the sum of the two interior angles that are not adjacent.
Which triangle has 180 degrees?
The interior angle theorem states: The sum of all interior angles in a triangle is 180°. This is usually expressed mathematically as follows: α + β + γ = 180°. This also makes it clear that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle can never exceed 180 degrees.
Why can’t fungi do photosynthesis?
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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/conventions-on-nomenclature-and-practices.142211/ | math | Google "IUPAB" and get http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&...nion+of+pure+and+applied+biology"&btnG=Search , a short list indicating very little activity. Is there some sort of professional standards group recommending practices and nomenclature in the life science fields? The specific question I have is, "Is there a 'standard' definition of femur length?" See http://www.loris-conservation.org/d...easurement/11a-figures_limb_measurements.html , "Leg measurements, primate standard, according to Schultz, 1929: Thigh length (length of femur): from trochanterium summum to femorale, parallel to the longitudinal axis of femur. Ischium-knee (Osman Hill, Phillips 1932). No exact definition given." There's ~5% difference in the two measurements which is the difference between two species between which I'm trying to distinguish, and my references don't specify a measurement protocol, hence the question about IUPAB; is there a "convention" that is understood by people in the life sciences that I can "safely" assume? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376828697.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20181217161704-20181217183704-00221.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | 1,020 | 1 |
http://www.library.georgetown.edu/newjour/publication/acta-mathematicae-applicatae-sinica-english-series | math | Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica (English Series)
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg
Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica (English Series) is a quarterly journal
established by the Chinese Mathematical Society. The journal publishes high
quality research papers from all branches of applied mathematics,
particularly welcomes those from partial differential equations,
computational mathematics, applied probability, mathematical finance,
statistics, dynamical systems, optimization and management science.
Current Contents, Mathematical Reviews, Zentralblatt Math
ISSN: 0168-9673 (print version)
ISSN: 1618-3932 (electronic version)
Department of Mathematics
Academy of Math. & System Sci.
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Content available by subscription. Free sample issue available online.
Current Issue: Volume 20, Number 1 March 2004
Date: 27 August 2004 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463637.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00294-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | 861 | 17 |
https://www.fr.freelancer.com/projects/facebook/facebook-quot-like-quot-help/ | math | I am having some problems with my face book "like" function on my webpage. Looking for help asap.
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https://cheapessaywritingservices.co/2021/04/10/solve-the-following-initial-value-problem_pu/ | math | Anobium625. use the laplace legal essays examples transform to solve the following initial sample of scope and limitation research paper value problem: first solve dy/dx 4y = 0. dy/dt 0.8ty=5t with y(0)=3. k < 48/π < (k 2) 48/π − 2 < k < 48/π. use how to write a reaction paper to a movie the laplace transform to solve the following initial value problem: we review their solve the following initial value problem content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. solve the following 200 essay topics initial value problem solve the following initial value problem for y as equations and problems solving two-step equations a function of x. dept: solve the following differential homework incentive chart equation: we put score.org business plan template the differential equation in standard form by dividing important parts of a business plan both performing a literature review sides by t:. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991269.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20210516105746-20210516135746-00633.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | 905 | 1 |
https://www.ipu.ru/node/5698 | math | Автор(ы): Поляк Б. Т. (ИПУ РАН, Лаборатория 07)Автор(ов): 1 Параметры публикацииТип публикации: Тезисы докладаНазвание: Randomized Methods for Convex OptimizationНаименование конференции: Nonlinear Analysis and Оptimization ProblemsГород: -Издательство: -Год издания: 2008Страницы: - АннотацияRandomized methods play significant role in optimization and control and in many situations can be competitors with deterministic algorithms. We consider general convex optimization problem in Rn and assume that generator of uniformly distributed points in a convex set is available. After generation of N such points the best of them is used to make a cut of the admissible set, and the process is continued in the remaining body. The expected rate of convergence is estimated, it is geometric with denominator depending on N and n. For N=1 the result coincides with Radon theorem on center of gravity of a convex body. To implement such method one should approximate random uniform generator. It can be done by use of modern Markov–chain Monte Carlo techniques such as Hit–and–Run and Shake–and–Bake. The results of numerical simulation for solving Semi Definite Programming problems will be presented. They include large dimensional problems, for instance LMIs with 100x100 matrix variables. Библиографическая ссылка: Поляк Б.Т. Randomized Methods for Convex Optimization / . -: -, 2008. С. -. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363445.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208053135-20211208083135-00168.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | 1,588 | 1 |
http://www.chestnut.com/en/eg/6/mathematics/1/4/examples/1/ | math | Ahmed, Mohammed, and Alaa saved 162 LE, 144 LE, and 108 LE respectively. Find the ratio of Ahmed's savings to those of Mohammed to those of Alaa.
Khaled, Ali, and Abdullah saved 216 LE, 120 LE, and 144 LE respectively. Find the ratio of Khaled's savings to those of Ali to those of Abdullah.
Write the amounts as a ratio with three terms. Divide each term by the same number to find the ratio in its simplest form. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00065-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | 414 | 3 |
http://www.math10.com/tests/word-problems-divide-upto-1000.html | math | Division up to 1000 Word Problems, Third Grade Math Test
This in an online free test of math for third grade students. This test comprises of 10 word problems. Each word problem focuses on the division of larger numbers, i.e. up to 1000.
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https://askandknow.com/posts/what-is-an-exponential-pattern/ | math | A sequence of numbers has an exponential pattern when each successive number increases (or decreases) by the same percent. Here are some examples of exponential patterns you have already studied in this text.
People also ask, what is an exponential growth pattern?
Exponential growth is a pattern of data that shows greater increases with passing time, creating the curve of an exponential function. On a chart, this curve starts slowly, remaining nearly flat for a time before increasing swiftly as to appear almost vertical. It follows the formula: V = S * (1 + R) ^ T.
Also Know, how do you know if its exponential growth or decay? It’s exponential growth when the base of our exponential is bigger than 1, which means those numbers get bigger. It’s exponential decay when the base of our exponential is in between 1 and 0 and those numbers get smaller. An asymptote is a value that a function will get infinitely close to, but never quite reach.
Accordingly, what does it mean if something is exponential?
Scientific definitions for exponential Something is said to increase or decrease exponentially if its rate of change must be expressed using exponents. A graph of such a rate would appear not as a straight line, but as a curve that continually becomes steeper or shallower.
What happens when something grows exponentially?
Exponential growth is a phenomenon that occurs when the growth rate of the value of a mathematical function is proportional to the function’s current value, resulting in its growth with time being an exponential function. And just opposite when the value of rate decrease called Exponential Decay.
13 Related Question Answers Found
What is an example of exponential growth?
Exponential growth is growth that increases by a constant proportion. One of the best examples of exponential growth is observed in bacteria. It takes bacteria roughly an hour to reproduce through prokaryotic fission.
What is another word for exponentially?
There is no single word that is close to exponential. You are correct, of course, that the growth is not exponential. The closest words I can think of would be explosive, sudden, dramatic, rapid, mushrooming, snowballing, escalating, rocketing, skyrocketing, accelerating.
What is an exponential curve?
An exponential function or curve is a function that grows exponentially, or grows at an increasingly larger rate as you pick larger values of x, and usually takes the form. , where is any real number.
What is an exponential function example?
Exponential functions have the form f(x) = bx, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1. Just as in any exponential expression, b is called the base and x is called the exponent. An example of an exponential function is the growth of bacteria. Some bacteria double every hour. This can be written as f(x) = 2x.
What causes exponential growth?
Initially, growth is exponential because there are few individuals and ample resources available. Then, as resources begin to become limited, the growth rate decreases. Finally, growth levels off at the carrying capacity of the environment, with little change in population size over time.
What makes a sequence exponential?
yn = y0 · m n. A geometric sequence is completely described by giving its starting value y0 and the multiplication factor m. For this sequence y0 = 40 and m = 0.5. An exponential function is obtained from a geometric sequence by replacing the counting integer n by the real variable x.
What are the rules of exponential functions?
The following list outlines some basic rules that apply to exponential functions: The parent exponential function f(x) = bx always has a horizontal asymptote at y = 0, except when b = 1. You can’t raise a positive number to any power and get 0 or a negative number. You can’t multiply before you deal with the exponent.
What does an exponential equation look like?
Exponential Functions In an exponential function, the independent variable, or x-value, is the exponent, while the base is a constant. For example, y = 2x would be an exponential function. Here’s what that looks like. The formula for an exponential function is y = abx, where a and b are constants.
What is exponential rule?
EXPONENTIAL RULES. Rule 1: To multiply identical bases, add the exponents. Rule 2: To divide identical bases, subtract the exponents. Rule 3: When there are two or more exponents and only one base, multiply the exponents.
What is an exponential relationship?
Exponential relationships are relationships where one of the variables is an exponent. So instead of it being ‘2 multiplied by x’, an exponential relationship might have ‘2 raised to the power x’: Usually the first thing people do to get a grasp on what exponential relationships are like is draw a graph.
What defines an exponential function?
An exponential function is a mathematical function of the following form: f ( x ) = a x. where x is a variable, and a is a constant called the base of the function. The most commonly encountered exponential-function base is the transcendental number e , which is equal to approximately 2.71828.
What are examples of exponential functions in real life?
Population growth, radioactive decay, and loan interest rates are a few examples of naturally occurring exponential relationships. Learn how to model these situations using an exponential function to predict behavior, calculate half-life, or plan your budget.
How do you do exponential decay and growth?
Exponential Decay: Remember that the original exponential formula was y = abx. You will notice that in these new growth and decay functions, the b value (growth factor) has been replaced either by (1 + r) or by (1 – r). The growth “rate” (r) is determined as b = 1 + r. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474544.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224180245-20240224210245-00018.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | 5,737 | 35 |
https://www.meritnation.com/ask-answer/question/solve-question-2/ray-optics-and-optical-instruments/12653477 | math | Solve question 2 ray Would
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Find the coordinates or the image formed that of an object placed at
origin. Which the eye win observe in mirror M2.
How you draw a beam of light to be sent from pointA (see figure) contained
in a mirror box for jt to fall onto point B after being reflected once from all four
Walls? Points A and B are in one plane perpendicular to
the Walls 01 the box (i.e. in the plane of the drawing).
A balloon is rising up along the axis of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 m. is dropped trom
the balloon at a height 15 m from the mirror when the balloon has velocity 20 mJs. Find the speed o!
image of the ball formed by concave mirror atter 4 seconds? (Take : g=10 m/s21
A thin rod of length d/S is placed along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length = d such
image, which is real and elongated, just touches the rod. Find the length of the image?
An object is kept infrontofa concave mirrpr ata distance n times the focal len th from the focus. Find | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950363.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401221921-20230402011921-00512.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | 1,089 | 16 |
https://studysoup.com/note/69004/ucsb-econ-150a-fall-2015 | math | LABOR ECONOMICS ECON 150A
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The Demand for Labor in a Competitive Market As wages rise the demand for labor falls We will prove this in a few days Wag e Labor The Demand for Labor in a Competitive Market Recall that a change in the wage is a movement along the labor demand curve while a shift is caused by a change in the output price a change Wage in an input price other than for labor or a technology change Ld after an output price rise Labor How do firms decide how much labor to hire The fundamental assumption of labor demand theory is that FIRMS ARE PROFIT MAXIMIZERS Firms are always trying to find ways to make larger pro ts The standard OUTPUT interpretation Increase output if the revenue from doing so exceeds the cost Marginal Revenue MR gt Marginal Cost MC The IN PUT interpretation Use more of an input ifthe income from doing so exceeds the cost How do firms decide how much labor to hire More formally a o The marginal product of labor MPL 5 The marginal product of capital MPK A rm can expand or contract output by increasing or decreasing its use of labor or capital However the rm is really interested in the revenue generated by these decisions How do firms decide how much labor to hire The marginal revenue product of labor is MRPL MPL x MR in general MRPL MPL x p in a competitive product market The marginal revenue product of capital is MRPK MPK x MR in general MRPK MPK x p in a competitive product market How do firms decide how much labor to hire In general Increase the amount of labor if MRPL gt MCL Decrease the amount of labor if MRPL lt MCL Keep the same amount of labor if MRPL MCL In a competitive labor market MCL W In a competitive capital market MCK r In a competitive labor market Increase the amount of labor if MRPL gt w Decrease the amount of labor if MRPL lt w Keep the same amount of labor if MRPL w The shortrun versus the longrun Short Run Firms can only alter their variable inputs labor Long Run Firms can alter all inputs Labor Demand in the SHORT RUN For simplicity assume that in the short run LABOR is variable and CAPITAL is fixed Capital KSR Q300 Q200 Q100 Labor With capital xed 39 39 39 39 lllUle labor to L 39 in output This is known as he DECREASING MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY assumption There are a capital m as more labor is forced to use the same capital stock marginal productivity falls Labor Demand in the SHORT RUN As we saw earlier a firm will increase output or add more labor to the point where the benefit from adding one more unit of labor isjust equal to the cost of doing so M RPL w When both the output Q and labor L markets are competitive MPL X p w w MPL P In other words the productivity ofthe last person hired must equal their real wage Labor Demand in the SHORT RUN Example W 10 per hour p 3 and the last worker hired produces 3 units per hour Should you keep this worker Answer MPL 3 1 333 2 MPL lt 1 P P Since the last worker hired is worth less than he costs you should fire him Labor Demand in the SHORT RUN Capital Q200 o3oo o1oo L1 L2 L3 Labor Since we know that there are diminishing returns to adding more labor when capital is fixed the MPL must be downward sloping Labor Demand in the SHORT RUN MPL wp Labor Labor Demand in the SHORT RUN Since in equilibrium MPL wp then W p MPL And since MPL is falling as MP employment rises labor demand must be W L p increasing as wfalls Labor Optimal amount of labor in the short run In the short run capital is fixed The profit maximizing labor choice is thus given by MPL 3 p Optimal amount of labor in the short run Example Q2K L Z p10 w2 r1 KSR10000 Solution 6 KIM MPL QK 3 212K L 3 3 if 2 6L p P L p 2 pKlA pKlA szl2 L 2 SR 3 L SR 3 LSR ZSR w W w 10210300 2 SR 2 2 2500 Optimal amount of labor in the short run How much profit is earned 7239 pQ wL rKSR 172K 124L12 WL rKSR 10X2gtlt10X50 2X2500 1X10000 5000 Optimal amount of labor in the short run What if p increases to 20 172ng 20210900 2 Labordemand LSR 2 2 10000 w 2 Profit 723920X2X10gtlt100 2gtlt10000 1gtlt10000 10000 Optimal amount of labor in the short run What ifwdeoreases to 1 mm 10210900 2 Labordemand LSRp ZSR1 210000 W 39 Profit 723910gtlt2gtlt10gtlt100 1gtlt10000 1gtlt10000 0 Optimal amount of labor in the short run What is the elasticity of shortrun labor demand 6LSR X w 2p21lt2 X w 77512 6W LSR W3 sz z 2 W 2 Labor Demand in the LONG RUN Both LABOR and CAPITAL are exible in the long run A rm adds more labor andor capital to the point where the benefit from adding one more unit of input isjust equal to the cost of doing so MRPL w and MRPK r When both the output Q and input L and K markets are competitive pMPL w 3 MPL K p pMPK r 2 MPK L p Labor Demand in the LONG RUN Ifwe simply rearrange the equations r MPLw w and 2 i p MPL p MPK MPK r The benefitcost ratio for using one more unit of labor or capital to produce more output must be equal at the pro t maximizing point OthenNise the rm could use less ofone input and more ofthe other input to produce the same output at a lower cost Alternative solution method Alternatively you might want to think about the problem as the following twostage problem 1 The firm chooses the profit maximizing level of output gt the firm increases output until MR MC 2 The rm then chooses the least cost way to produce the profit maximizing level of output Graphically K Isocost Isoquant Notice that the cost minimizing method of producing the pro t maximizing level of output occurs where the slope ofthe isocost is the same as the slope ofthe isoquant In words The slope of the Isocost curve is wr wL rK Cost K Costr wr L o The slope of the Isoquant curve MRS LQ LQ AL AQ AQ AL AK MPK At Q the slope ofthe Isoquant and Iscost curves are the same MRTS 2 7 7 MPK The benefitcost ratio for using one more unit of labor or capital to produce more output must be equal at the profit maximizing point 2 MPL 1 Optimal amount of labor in the long run Example Q2K14L1 p10 w2 r1 Solution W V W w DMPL gt 2MPK 3 L 17 p WK r KIM W 12 Usmg3 L3 3 K 2 K KWL WK 7 L V L r 2r 2K34 pZW leZ 14 2 12 7W 717K 7 2r Subblnglnto LUZ 7 2 L77T 4 Rearranging to isolateL LLR p 3 2rw Optimal amount of capital in the long run 10 4 271413 74 2r 4rzwZ L Subblng L 1nto K KLR r Numerically LLR625 and KLR625 and 7r10x2x5x2572x62571x625625 What if p increases to 20 4 4 p p LLR 2mg 10000 and K W10000 and Ir 20x 2x 5x 2572x1000071x10000 10000 What if w decreases to 1 4 4 p P LLR 7 2M 75000 and K 7 MW 7 2500 and 7r10x2x707x70771x500071x2500 249698 What is the elasticity of long run labor demand Compare this to the short run elasticity of 6ng w 217214 w 773R gtlt 7 3gtlt 2 12 7 aw SR w 7 KSR w2 The longrun elasticity is always greater in absolute value because all inputs are exible Short and Long Run Elasticity Note the labor demand curves are not necessarily straight lines Elasticity Labor demand elasticity is high under the following conditions When the price elasticity of demand for the output produced is high Implications labor demand is more elastic at the firm level than the industry level labor demand is more elastic in the longrun When the other factors of production can easily be substituted for labor When labor costs are a large share of total cost Scale and Substitution Effects K A wage rise 4 4 L SE Sc Since L and K are adjustable in the long run it is important to understand how a change in the price of one input changes the demand for the other input Scale and Substitution Effects The scale and substitution effects are reinforcing for the input whose price changes and offsetting for the input whose price does not change Downward sloping long run LD Labor demand is downward sloping in the longrun because A wage rise leads to substitution away from labor A wage rise lowers the profit maximizing scale of output In other words the Sc and SE ensure a downward sloping labor demand curve in the longrun Sc and SE We know that the Sc and SE go in the same direction for labor is w changes but how do we determine whether the SE or 80 dominates for K Example Q2K 4L P10 12 r1 4 4 LongrunLandKare LLR 2177625 and KLR 457625 04 1 4 Ifw ital LLR 5000 and Km 2500 2113 41Z1Z Ki ScgtSE Let s work through and example Q 4L MK p 120 w 4 r 16KSR 64andafranchisefee 25p Shortrun W 7 W 7 W MPL 3 LSAK 4 3 1134W P P pKSR 743 3 11734743 w pK 3 L amp SR 43 W Numerical Answer 43 13 43 13 717 KER 120 64 591695x437284 LSR 7 w43 443 7 inwLirKSR 725p 4pL14K 4 iwLirKSR 725p 4x 120 x 37284 4 x 6414 7 4 x 37284716 x 647 25 x 120 5965727149136710247 3000 45036 Since profits are positive the profit maximizing level of short run labor demand is 37284 units of labor Lon run MP 9 1MP 3 2MP 1 3 L 1 L K P p NIPK r 43 13 p K 1 L WAK MP w L mK w K w wL 35415 j T j I K 13 p43 I I I 7 r 7p43L13 Subbmgmto1 L7 m gt L 13 W WV p43 3 p2 Reman i to isolate L L gng LR Wt3 W3ZrlZ p Solvm for K K 7 g LR WlZr3Z Numerical Answer Z Z 7 p 7 120 714400 7 LLR wzizriiz 4321612 8X4 7450 Z Z Km P i14 400 1125 WlZrKZ 4121632 64X2 7r pQ7wL7rK725p 4pL MK 7wL7rK725p 4x120x450 x1125 74x450716x1125725x120 7200718007180073000 600 Since profits are positive the profit maximizing level of long run labor demand is 450 units of labor and the longrun capital demand is 1125 units What if p increases to 130 p lzK ij 7130 64 7 65855X4 6 5 LSR m 4m 41484 w 7r pQ7wL7rKSR 7 25p 4pL l K Sj 7wL7rKSR 7 25p 4x 130 x 41484 x 64 M 7 4x 41484716x 647 25x 130 6637647165936710247 3250 70428 Since profits are positive the profit maximizing level of short run labor demand is 41484 units of labor 20 What if p increases to 130 Z Z p 130 16900 LLR WKZrlZ 4321612 8X4 5283913 Z Z Km p 130 716900 13203 wlZrKZ 4121632 64x2 7 inwLirK725p 4pL MK M iwLirK725p 4x130x52813 x1320 74x52813716x13203725x130 8448127211253721124873250 97311 Since profits are positive the profit maximizing level of long run labor demand is 52813 units of labor and the longrun capital demand is 13203 units What if w increases to 6 21721 SR 43 43 w 6 L p43ngf 1204364 3 59189x4 09 7 inwLirKSR 725p 4pL14K4 iwLirKSR 725p 4x 120 x 21721 x 64W 7 6x 21721716 x 647 25 x120 521271303267102473000 711526 Since profits are negative the profit maximizing level of shortrun labor demand is 0 units of labor 21 What if w increases to 6 2 2 7 p 7 120 7 14400 7 LLR 7 WKZrlZ 7 6321612 7147X4 7 244399 2 1202 14400 K 9184 LR wlZrKZ 6121632 64X 245 7pgiwLirK725p4le4KWiwLirK725p 4gtlt120gtlt2449 A x9184 4 76x2449716gtlt9184725gtlt120 587820 7146947146944 7 3000 76064 Since profits are negative the profit maximizing level of long run labor demand is 0 units of labor and the longrun capital demand is 0 units What is the elasticity of labor demand 8L 43K13 Shortrun vSR xLlexwi43 SR P SR WM 6L w 322 w Long run 77m a xg77w52r12XT7732 w32r12 The longrun elasticity is always greater in absolute value because all inputs are flexible 22
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http://slideplayer.com/slide/4260007/ | math | Presentation on theme: "COMPLETE BUSINESS STATISTICS"— Presentation transcript:
1 COMPLETE BUSINESS STATISTICS byAMIR D. ACZEL&JAYAVEL SOUNDERPANDIAN6th edition.Prepared by Lloyd Jaisingh, Morehead State University
2 Introduction and Descriptive Statistics 1Using StatisticsPercentiles and QuartilesMeasures of Central TendencyMeasures of VariabilityGrouped Data and the HistogramSkewness and KurtosisRelations between the Mean and Standard DeviationMethods of Displaying DataExploratory Data AnalysisUsing the Computer
3 LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter studying this chapter, you should be able to:Distinguish between qualitative data and quantitative data.Describe nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales of measurements.Describe the difference between population and sample.Calculate and interpret percentiles and quartiles.Explain measures of central tendency and how to compute them.Create different types of charts that describe data sets.Use Excel templates to compute various measures and create charts.
4 WHAT IS STATISTICS?Statistics is a science that helps us make better decisions in business and economics as well as in other fields.Statistics teaches us how to summarize, analyze, and draw meaningful inferences from data that then lead to improve decisions.These decisions that we make help us improve the running, for example, a department, a company, the entire economy, etc.
5 1-1. Using Statistics (Two Categories) Descriptive StatisticsCollectOrganizeSummarizeDisplayAnalyzeInferential StatisticsPredict and forecast values of population parametersTest hypotheses about values of population parametersMake decisions
6 Types of Data - Two Types (p.28) Qualitative Categorical or Nominal: Examples are-ColorGenderNationalityQuantitative Measurable or Countable: Examples are-TemperaturesSalariesNumber of points scored on a 100 point exam
7 Scales of Measurement (p.28-29) Analytical or metric typeInterval scaleRatio scaleCategorical or nonmertric typeNominal scaleOrdinal scale
8 Samples and Populations P.29 A population consists of the set of all measurements for which the investigator is interested.A sample is a subset of the measurements selected from the population.A census is a complete enumeration of every item in a population.
9 Simple Random SampleSampling from the population is often done randomly, such that every possible sample of equal size (n) will have an equal chance of being selected.A sample selected in this way is called a simple random sample or just a random sample.A random sample allows chance to determine its elements.
10 Samples and Populations Population (N)Sample (n)
11 Why Sample? Census of a population may be: Impossible Impractical Too costly
13 1-2 Percentiles and Quartiles Given any set of numerical observations, order them according to magnitude.The Pth percentile in the ordered set is that value below which lie P% (P percent) of the observations in the set.The position of the Pth percentile is given by (n + 1)P/100, where n is the number of observations in the set.
14 Example 1-2 (p.33)A large department store collects data on sales made by each of its salespeople. The number of sales made on a given day by each of 20 salespeople is shown on the next slide. Also, the data has been sorted in magnitude.
15 Example 1-2 (Continued) - Sales and Sorted Sales Sales Sorted Sales
16 Example 1-2 (Continued) Percentiles Find the 50th, 80th, and the 90th percentiles of thisdata set.To find the 50th percentile, determine the data pointin position (n + 1)P/100 = (20 + 1)(50/100) = 10.5.Thus, the percentile is located at the 10.5th position.The 10th observation is 16, and the 11th observation isalso 16.The 50th percentile will lie halfway between the 10thand 11th values and is thus 16.
17 Example 1-2 (Continued) Percentiles To find the 80th percentile, determine the data pointin position (n + 1)P/100 = (20 + 1)(80/100) = 16.8.Thus, the percentile is located at the 16.8th position.The 16th observation is 19, and the 17th observationis also 20.The 80th percentile is a point lying 0.8 of the wayfrom 19 to 20 and is thus 19.8.
18 Example 1-2 (Continued) Percentiles To find the 90th percentile, determine the data pointin position (n + 1)P/100 = (20 + 1)(90/100) = 18.9.Thus, the percentile is located at the 18.9th position.The 18th observation is 21, and the 19th observationis also 22.The 90th percentile is a point lying 0.9 of the wayfrom 21 to 22 and is thus 21.9.Example 1-2
19 Quartiles – Special Percentiles ,p.35) Quartiles are the percentage points thatbreak down the ordered data set into quarters.The first quartile is the 25th percentile. It is thepoint below which lie 1/4 of the data.The second quartile is the 50th percentile. It is thepoint below which lie 1/2 of the data. This is alsocalled the median.The third quartile is the 75th percentile. It is thepoint below which lie 3/4 of the data.
20 Quartiles and Interquartile Range The first quartile, Q1, (25th percentile) isoften called the lower quartile.The second quartile, Q2, (50thpercentile) is often called median or themiddle quartile.The third quartile, Q3, (75th percentile)is often called the upper quartile.The interquartile range is thedifference between the first and the thirdquartiles.
25 Summary Measures: Population Parameters Sample Statistics Measures of Central Tendency(衡量集中傾向)Median 中位數Mode 眾數Mean 平均數Measures of Variability(衡量變異性)Range 全距Interquartile range 四分位間距Variance 變異數Standard Deviation 標準差Other summary measures: 其他Skewness 偏態Kurtosis 峰態
26 1-3 Measures of Central Tendency or Location(p.36) Median 中位數Middle value whensorted in order ofmagnitude50th percentileMode 眾數Most frequently-occurring valueMean 平均數Average
27 Example – Median (Data is used from Example 1-2) Sales Sorted SalesSee slide # 19 for the template outputMedian50th Percentile(20+1)50/100=10.516 + (.5)(0) = 16MedianThe median is the middle value of data sorted in order of magnitude. It is the 50th percentile.
28 Example - Mode (Data is used from Example 1-2) See slide # 19 for the template output.: . : : :Mode = 16The mode is the most frequently occurring value. It is the value with the highest frequency.
29 Arithmetic Mean or Average The mean(平均數) of a set of observations is their average - the sum of the observed values divided by the number of observations.Population Mean母體平均數Sample Mean樣本平均數m=åxNi1xni=å1
30 Example – Mean (Data is used from Example 1-2) Sales9612101315161417242122181920317xni=å1317201585.See slide # 19 for the template output
31 Example - Mode (Data is used from Example 1-2) .: . : : :Mean = 15.85Median and Mode = 16每一點代表一個數值See slide # 19 for the template output
32 Exercise, p.40, 5 min 例1- 4 1-13 ~ 1-16 (See Textbook p.698) 1-17(Ans:mean=592.93, median=566,LQ=546, UQ=618.75Outlier=940,suspected outlier=399)
33 1-4 Measures of Variability or Dispersion (p.40) Range 全距Difference between maximum and minimum valuesInterquartile Range 四分位數間距Difference between third and first quartile (Q3 - Q1)Variance 變異數Average*of the squared deviations from the meanStandard Deviation 標準差Square root of the varianceDefinitions of population variance and sample variance differ slightly.
34 Example - Range and Interquartile Range (Data is used from Example 1-2) SortedSales Sales RankRangeMaximum - Minimum == 18MinimumQ1 = 13 + (.25)(1) = 13.25First QuartileQ3 = 18+ (.75)(1) = 18.75Third QuartileInterquartile RangeQ3 - Q1 == 5.5Maximum
35 Variance and Standard Deviation Population Variance母體變異數Sample Variance樣本變異數nNå(x-x)2å(x-m)2s=2i=1s=()2i=1n-1N()()2Nn2xxååNå=n=-i1åx-i1x22Nn==i=1i=1()Nn-1s=s2s=s2
40 1-5 Group Data and the Histogram 群聚數據與直方圖 Dividing data into groups or classes or intervalsGroups should be:Mutually exclusive 群間互斥Not overlapping - every observation is assigned to only one groupExhaustive 完全分群Every observation is assigned to a groupEqual-width (if possible) 等寬First or last group may be open-ended
41 Frequency Distribution頻率分配 Table with two columns兩行 listing:Each and every group or class or interval of valuesAssociated frequency of each groupNumber of observations assigned to each groupSum of frequencies is number of observationsN for populationn for sampleClass midpoint組中點 is the middle value of a group or class or intervalRelative frequency相對頻率 is the percentage of total observations in each classSum of relative frequencies = 1
42 Example 1-7: Frequency Distribution p.47 x f(x) f(x)/nSpending Class ($) Frequency (number of customers) Relative Frequency0 to less than100 to less than200 to less than300 to less than400 to less than500 to less thanExample of relative frequency: 30/184 = 0.163Sum of relative frequencies = 1
43 Cumulative Frequency Distribution x F(x) F(x)/nSpending Class ($) Cumulative Frequency Cumulative Relative Frequency0 to less than100 to less than200 to less than300 to less than400 to less than500 to less thanThe cumulative frequency累積頻率 of each group is the sum of thefrequencies of that and all preceding groups.
45 Histogram 直方圖A histogram is a chart made of bars of different heights. 不同高度之條狀圖Widths and locations of bars correspond to widths and locations of data groupings 寬度與位置代表群組的資料寬度與位置Heights of bars correspond to frequencies or relative frequencies of data groupings 高度代表頻率
48 1-6 Skewness偏度 and Kurtosis峰度 p.49 Measure of asymmetry of a frequency distributionSkewed to left 左偏 <0Symmetric or unskewed 對稱Skewed to right 右偏 >0KurtosisMeasure of flatness or peakedness of a frequency distributionPlatykurtic (relatively flat)Mesokurtic (normal)Leptokurtic (relatively peaked) *公示如p.51
52 Kurtosis扁度值越小, 越平扁Platykurtic平扁 - flat distribution
53 KurtosisMesokurtic - not too flat and not too peaked
54 Kurtosis扁度值越大, 越尖突Leptokurtic尖扁 - peaked distribution
55 1-7 Relations between the Mean and Standard Deviation p.51 (重要) Chebyshev’s Theorem柴比雪夫定理Applies to any distribution, regardless of shape 可應用於任何分配之數據Places lower limits on the percentages of observations within a given number of standard deviations from the meanEmpirical Ruler 經驗法則Applies only to roughly mound-shaped and symmetric distributions 適用山型與對稱之數據Specifies approximate percentages of observations within a given number of standard deviations from the mean
56 Chebyshev’s TheoremAt least of the elements of any distribution lie within k standard deviations of the mean234Standarddeviationsof the meanAtleastLiewithin
57 Empirical Rule 經驗法則For roughly mound-shaped and symmetric distributions, approximately:
59 1-8 Methods of Displaying Data Pie Charts 圓餅圖Categories represented as percentages of totalBar Graphs 直條圖Heights of rectangles represent group frequenciesFrequency Polygons 頻率圖Height of line represents frequencyOgives 累加頻率圖Height of line represents cumulative frequencyTime Plots 時間圖Represents values over time
65 1-9 Exploratory Data Analysis – EDA探索性資料分析 Techniques to determine relationships關係 and trends趨勢, identify outliers離群值 and influential有影響的 observations, and quickly describe快速描述 or summarize總結 data sets.Stem-and-Leaf Displays 莖葉Quick-and-dirty listing of all observations 快速瀏覽所有觀測值Conveys some of the same information as a histogram 將資料轉化成直方圖Box Plots 盒形圖MedianLower and upper quartilesMaximum and minimum
67 Box Plot 盒形圖 p.62 Elements of a Box Plot * o Q1 Q3 Inner Fence Outer MedianQ1Q3InnerFenceOuterInterquartile RangeSmallest data point not below inner fenceLargest data point not exceeding inner fenceSuspected outlierOutlierQ1-3(IQR)Q1-1.5(IQR)Q3+1.5(IQR)Q3+3(IQR)離群值一半數據在盒內IQR
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http://forum.canucks.com/topic/336012-new-official-nhl-13-thread/page-10 | math | Maybe it has to do with how far you are into BeAGM?
^^^ Glad they fixed all that, but they forgot one thing.
It takes 1 hour to Sim like 25 games in offline Be a GM for Ps3, it's ridonckulous .
When I simmed a year once it took me like 20 minutes. 30 tops. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131300222.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172140-00225-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | 256 | 4 |
http://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/feature-column/fc-2014-04 | math | Magical Mathematics - A Tribute to Martin GardnerPerhaps no one has done more to make the world aware of mathematics than Martin Gardner...
Who are the people who write about mathematics in the clearest way? One might expect that such people are trained mathematicians - those who have majored in mathematics and gone on to get a doctorate in mathematics. While there are many wonderfully talented expositors of mathematics who are graduate school trained mathematicians, it turns out that one of the greatest expositor of mathematics, for me perhaps the greatest, was Martin Gardner. Gardner in a sense "became" a mathematician but did not "train" to do so.
Martin Gardner in 1932 (Courtesy of Wikipedia)
Many mathematicians see their subject as magical - having unexpected surprises and delights. However, all too often the magic of mathematics is lost on those who have not chosen mathematics or a related subject as a career. Perhaps no one has done more to bridge the gap between the sometimes lukewarm public view of mathematics and internal views of mathematics as a magical subject than Martin Gardner. Here I would like to provide a tribute to Martin Gardner for his efforts to popularize mathematics, as well as to his success in convincing many people of the beauty, applicability, joys and magic of mathematics. And I am not alone--this month mathematics pays tribute to him with "Mathematics, Magic, & Mystery," the theme for Mathematics Awareness Month (April) 2014. Perhaps no one has done more to make the world aware of mathematics than Martin Gardner.
Who was Martin Gardner?
Martin Gardner was born October 21, 1914 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. and died on May 22, 2010 not that far from where he was born, in Norman, Oklahoma. During his long life he lived in and traveled to many places but wherever he was, he seemed to carry his pen with him. What were the forces that molded this author of over 60 hardcover books?
(Photo of Martin Gardner)
Gardner's columns and books
What put Gardner on the mathematical map was his association with Scientific American magazine, which had started publication in 1845. In December, 1956 Gardner wrote an article for Scientific American about an intriguing family of geometrical objects known as flexagons.
Diagrams illustrating a flexagon (Courtesy of Wikipedia)
Two positions of a flexagon (Courtesy of Wikipedia)
(Photograph of Arthur Stone, courtesy of Stuart Anderson)
Photo of Jeremiah (Jerry) Lyons, Martin Gardner, and Thomas Banchoff (Courtesy of Tom Banchoff)
(Photo of John Horton Conway)
(Photo of Ronald Graham)
(Photo of Donald Knuth)
The range of wonderful problems, examples, and theorems that Gardner treated over the years is enormous. They include ideas from geometry, algebra, number theory, graph theory, topology, and knot theory, to name but a few. Characteristically, his columns were self-contained and were light on the mathematical notation that makes many people have a distaste for mathematics. Not having any easy way to pick among many gems, I am choosing a few that show some magical or intuitive aspects, and one that shows Gardner's playfulness.
We have mentioned that Gardner was born on October 21. He shared October 21st as a birthday with a variety of people who are perhaps better known than he: Benjamin Netanyahu, Kim Khardashian, Dizzy Gillespie and Malcolm Arnold. However, for those within mathematics who were born and died on this day, Gardner may hold his own in recognizability.
For 10 people, there is about a 12 percent chance that at least 2 of them will have the same birthday.
P(X|Y) = P(X and Y both occur)/P(Y). (*)
A map requiring 5 colors?
Martin Gardner had a playful streak and often had columns which had whimsical goals. In his Scientific American column of April 1975 he showed a plane map which purportedly required 5 colors to color the faces. The rule is that if two regions share an edge they should get different colors.
(Plane map requiring 5 colors?)
Image courtesy of Wolfram
(Photo of Percy Heawood)
(4-coloring by Stan Wagon of Gardner's April Fools' map)
Image courtesy of Wolfram
Joseph Malkewitch (sic) meets Martin Gardner
I was in the audience to hear Martin Gardner but I never met him in person. However, in a variety of ways our paths crossed. Gardner first came to my attention when as a teen on a trip to Florida, an automobile accident stranded me and my parents in Winter Haven, Florida, while our car was being repaired. My "lifesaver" for this period was a local library within walking distance of where we were staying, which was where I got my first introduction to Scientific American magazine and the columns of Martin Gardner. On returning to NY I started a subscription to Scientific American, and my subscription has never lapsed. Eventually, when I had large enough living quarters I started to acquire Gardner's books. HIs books were initially easier to consult than trying to go back to his Scientific American columns. However, there was also the fact that when his Scientific American columns appeared in book form, Gardner updated information about the mathematics in the columns with additional details about what was new about the problem since it had initially been published. One wonderful aspect of Gardner's Scientific American columns was that he and an "army" of appreciative, motivated and talented people (including some who were professional mathematicians) thought about the questions that he raised. In some cases his columns dealt with issues which, at the time he wrote about them, were not fully understood. So his books allowed him the opportunity to "update" columns with new ideas and results when the columns were collected for reprinting.
(Patch of tiles which consists of equilateral triangles and squares)
I was very pleased when Martin Gardner picked up on this problem and used it in his book Knotted Doughnuts and the later compendium Colossal Book of Short Puzzles and Problems. However, Joseph Malkewitch is really me! (Vould I lie to you?)
Carrying on the Gardner tradition
Gardner fans were disappointed when Gardner no longer continued to write his column for Scientific American. The magazine tried to find a "replacement" for Gardner by having various authors and columns that tried to capture the spirit of Mathematical Games. Eventually, however, Scientific American resigned itself to the fact that Gardner really could not be "replaced!" Happily Gardner continued to provide inspiration for fans with his books (see a partial list in the references).
(Photograph of Martin Gardner by Colm Mulcahy)
A list of some of Martin Gardner's books:
The AMS encourages your comments, and hopes you will join the discussions. We review comments before they're posted, and those that are offensive, abusive, off-topic or promoting a commercial product, person or website will not be posted. Expressing disagreement is fine, but mutual respect is required.
Welcome to the
These web essays are designed for those who have already discovered the joys of mathematics as well as for those who may be uncomfortable with mathematics.
Search Feature Column
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https://thekooshy.com/mathhelp-945 | math | Special right triangle solver
Special right triangle solver is a mathematical tool that helps to solve math equations. We can solve math problems for you.
The Best Special right triangle solver
There are a lot of Special right triangle solver that are available online. Word math problems can be tricky, but there are a few tips that can help you solve them more quickly and easily. First, read the problem carefully and identify the key information. Then, determine what operation you need to perform in order to solve the problem. Next, write out the equation using numbers and symbols. Finally, solve the equation and check your work to make sure you've found the correct answer. By following these steps, you can approach word math problems with confidence and avoid making common mistakes. With a little practice, you'll be solving them like a pro in no time!
There are many ways to solve problems involving interval notation. One popular method is to use a graphing calculator. Many graphing calculators have a built-in function that allows you to input an equation and then see the solution in interval notation. Another method is to use a table of values. This involves solving the equation for a few different values and then graphing the results. If the graph is a straight line, then the solution is simple to find. However, if the graph is not a straight line, then the solution may be more complicated. In either case, it is always important to check your work to make sure that the answer is correct.
A factorial is a mathematical operation that multiplies a number by all the numbers below it. For example, the factorial of 5 is 5x4x3x2x1, which equals 120. Factorials are often written as an exclamation point followed by the number; so, the factorial of 5 would be written as 5!. To solve a factorial, you simply multiply the number by all the numbers below it until you reach 1. In the case of 5!, you would multiply 5 by 4, 3, 2, and 1 to get your answer of 120. While this may seem like a lot of work, there are actually shortcuts you can use to solve factorials more quickly. For example, if you're solving 7!, you can start by multiplying 7 by 6 to get 42. Then, you can multiply 42 by 5 to get 210. Finally, you can multiply 210 by 4 to get 840. As you can see, this shortcut saves you a lot of time and effort!
When it comes to basic geometry, one of the most essential tools is a triangle solver calculator. This simple online tool can be used to quickly and easily calculate the sides and angles of any triangle. Whether you're working on a school assignment or trying to solve a complex mathematical problem, a triangle solver calculator can be an invaluable resource. Best of all, many online calculators are available for free. So whether you're a student, parent, teacher, or mathematician, be sure to bookmark a reliable Triangle Solver Calculator for future reference.
Once the critical points have been identified, it is possible to graph the equation and find the solutions. Additionally, there are online solvers that can be used to find the solutions to an absolute value equation. These solvers will typically ask for information such as the equation's coefficients and constants. By inputting this information, the solver will be able to generate a graph of the equation and identify its solutions.
Instant assistance with all types of math
This is one of the top 5 Math apps on Play store and other webs and it usually helps solve math problem by simply capturing or typing in the math equation or problem provided you have data. It also has nice features that allow you to see the solving steps and it's well explained. It doesn't contain adds and uses little data. It has good appearance and easy to use. Contact my page on Facebook for more Infor SANTEC STUDIOS or YouTube channel SANTEC STUDIOS YouTube.
I love this app. I don't recommend to use this app for everything (since we should use our brain) but I use this at times when I don't understand something. It scans the problem properly, and at the end it has the solution and the strategy. It really helps me with homework. Great job, keep going. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337307.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002083954-20221002113954-00536.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | 4,144 | 11 |
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00153-008-0076-4 | math | Does truth-table of linear norm reduce the one-query tautologies to a random oracle?
- 41 Downloads
In our former works, for a given concept of reduction, we study the following hypothesis: “For a random oracle A, with probability one, the degree of the one-query tautologies with respect to A is strictly higher than the degree of A.” In our former works (Suzuki in Kobe J. Math. 15, 91–102, 1998; in Inf. Comput. 176, 66–87, 2002; in Arch. Math. Logic 44, 751–762), the following three results are shown: The hypothesis for p-T (polynomial-time Turing) reduction is equivalent to the assertion that the probabilistic complexity class R is not equal to NP; The hypothesis for p-tt (polynomial-time truth-table) reduction implies that P is not NP; The hypothesis holds for each of the following: disjunctive reduction, conjunctive reduction, and p-btt (polynomial-time bounded-truth-table) reduction. In this paper, we show the following three results: (1) Let c be a positive real number. We consider a concept of truth-table reduction whose norm is at most c times size of input, where for a relativized propositional formula F, the size of F denotes the total number of occurrences of propositional variables, constants and propositional connectives. Then, our main result is that the hypothesis holds for such tt-reduction, provided that c is small enough. How small c can we take so that the above holds? It depends on our syntactic convention on one-query tautologies. In our setting, the statement holds for all c < 1. (2) The hypothesis holds for monotone truth-table reduction (also called positive reduction). (3) Dowd (in Inf. Comput. 96, 65–76, 1992) shows a polynomial upper bound for the minimum sizes of forcing conditions associated with a random oracle. We apply the above result (1), and get a linear lower bound for the sizes.
KeywordsTruth-table reduction Computational complexity Random oracle Monotone Boolean formula Forcing complexity
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000)68Q15 03D15
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- 2.Ambos-Spies K.: Randomness, relativizations, and polynomial reducibilities. In: Selman, A.L. (eds) Structure in Complexity Theory. Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences, vol. 223, pp. 23–34. Springer, Berlin (1986)Google Scholar
- 4.Ambos-Spies K., Mayordomo E.: Resource-bounded measure and randomness. In: Sorbi, A. (eds) Complexity, Logic, and Recursion Theory. Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 187, pp. 1–47. Marcel Dekker, New York (1997)Google Scholar
- 10.Jockusch, C.G.: Reducibilities in recursive function theory, Ph.D. thesis, MIT Press, Cambridge (1966)Google Scholar
- 12.Kumabe, M., Suzuki, T., Yamazaki, T.: Logarithmic truth-table reductions and minimum sizes of forcing conditions (preliminary draft). In: Proof Theory and Computation Theory, Kyoto, 2005, Sūrikaisekikenkyusho Kōkyuroku, no. 1442, pp. 42–47 (2005)Google Scholar
- 13.Kumabe, M., Suzuki, T., Yamazaki, T., Kumabe, M., Suzuki, T., Yamazaki, T.: Truth-table reductions and minimum sizes of forcing conditions (preliminary draft). In: Sūrikaisekikenkyusho Kōkyuroku, no. 1533, pp. 9–14 (2007)Google Scholar
- 16.Rogers, H. Jr.: Theory of recursive functions and effective computability. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1987) (Original edition: MacGraw-Hill, New York, 1967)Google Scholar
- 17.Sacks G.E.: Degrees of Unsolvability, Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol. 55. Princeton university press, Princeton (1963)Google Scholar
- 19.Suzuki, T.: Computational complexity of Boolean formulas with query symbols. Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Mathematics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-City, Japan (1999)Google Scholar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203947.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20190325112917-20190325134917-00177.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | 3,716 | 14 |
https://datapeaker.com/en/excel/the-chitest-function/ | math | Therefore, the chi-square distribution has one parameter: k – a positive integer that specifies the number of degrees of freedom.
As mentioned previously, the chi-square distribution is mainly used in hypothesis testing. Unlike more recognized distributions, as the normal distribution and the exponential distribution, the chi-square distribution is rarely used to model natural phenomena. It arises in the following hypothesis tests, among other.
The main reason that the chi-square distribution is widely used in hypothesis testing is its association with the normal distribution.. Many hypothesis tests use a test statistic, as the t statistics in a test t. For these hypothesis tests, as the sample size, North, increases, the sampling distribution of the test statistic approximates the normal distribution (Central limit theorem). Since the test statistic (What t) it has an asymptotically normal distribution, provided the sample size is large enough, the distribution used for the hypothesis test can be approximated through a normal distribution. Testing hypotheses using a normal distribution is well understood and relatively easy. The simplest chi-square distribution is the square of a standard normal distribution. Then, provided that a normal distribution can be used for a hypothesis test, a chi square distribution could be used.
A chi-square distribution constructed by squaring a single standard normal distribution is said to have 1 degree of freedom, etc.
This function returns the test of independence. CHITEST returns the chi-square value (χ2) distribution for statistics and appropriate degrees of freedom. You can use χ2 tests to establish whether hypothetical results are verified through an experiment. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414095752-20240414125752-00680.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | 1,734 | 5 |
http://tammyfromjs.blogspot.com/2007/12/math-were-color-and-other-crimes.html | math | If you're a fan of the Math Wars, you've heard about the question in the first edition of the EVERDAY MATH K-5 curriculum, "If math were a color, it would probably be ______ because ________." This particular question has probably engendered more ridicule and garnered more notoriety than anything associated with the NCTM Standards of 1989 on, and the progressive reform curricula that emerged from NSF grants in the early 1990s. After Googling on the question, I've concluded that no one on the planet has the slightest idea what could possibly be the point of asking this question. It has resulted in so much negative feedback that it has been dropped from revisions and subsequent editions of EVERYDAY MATHMATICS. Indeed, as recently as last week, Andy Isaacs, an author of the program who works at the University of Chicago Mathematics Project (UCSMP) posted on math-teach at the Math Forum:
As for the "If math were a color, ..." question, it appeared in ourI suppose that since Andy, whom I've met and consider a friend, is washing his hands of the question and it's been dropped entirely from the series, I should let sleeping inquiries lie, even if the folks at Mathematically Correct, NYC-HOLD, and countless "parents-with-pitchforks" groups and web-sites (as well as right-wing pundits like Michelle Malkin continue to make "big" political points about how programs like EM are sending us and our children down the fast track to enslavement by those ever-inscrutable Asians (that Ms. Malkin is herself of Filipino extraction should in no way be taken as a mitigating circumstance in her willingness to help scare the James Jesus Angleton
first edition in a Time to Reflect section at the end of the first
unit in fifth grade, a unit that focused on prime and composite
numbers, factoring, figurate numbers, and so on. The first edition of
fifth grade was published in 1996. The "If math were a color, ..."
question was deleted in the second edition, which was published in
2001, and the entire Time to Reflect feature was deleted from the
current edition, the third, so this question has not appeared for
some years in EM.
out of hard-working Americans with the reliable threat of hordes of Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Singaporeans, and Indians, in particular) overtaking us in the constant battle to be #1 in anything and everything. Never mind that it's actually those sneaky Finns who top the latest list of countries that outperform the US in mathematics on an international test. No one is yet recommending that we adopt the Finnish national math curriculum and load up on glug and besides, the Finns themselves are not quite so sanguine about the situation. However, racist that I am, I just can't get sufficiently frightened by images of invading Finns. Asians, of course, are notorious for "teeming," and there's no question that they're going to overwhelm American any second, no doubt due to that famous "math gene" they're all born with.*
But let's get back to the point (sometimes my own digressions frighten even me). What about that "If math were a color" question? Am I seriously planning to defend it as not only "harmless" but actually sensible? Those of you who know me are no doubt sure that's exactly what I claim.
My argument is brief, but I believe it's quite reasonable:
It is increasingly common practice for some high school teachers and some professors of mathematics and mathematics education, especially those working with future or would-be future mathematics teachers, to ask their students for a brief "mathematical autobiography" at the beginning of the term. It's a way to get to know more about students and to find out their attitudes towards and experiences with mathematics (does that seem like a trivial thing to anyone? While I wouldn't be the least bit surprised if it did given some of the folks who teach mathematics, it's nonetheless the case that some educators think it's quite valuable to know how education students think AND feel about the subject(s) they propose to teach, and how students think and feel about a subject they are expected to learn).
Now, if you're teaching K-5, especially if you're teaching K-2, how would you propose to get students to relate their beliefs about and attitudes towards mathematics? Direct questioning, like direct instruction, is not always effective, which is why many child psychologists work with their clients through playing games and other indirect methods for getting insight into experiences and feelings about them. The question"If math were a color. . .?" is a perfectly imaginative and reasonable way to get children to explore and reveal some of their feelings and beliefs about mathematics. The important thing is not, of course, to elicit a particular response or "right answer" (and isn't that a radical concept?), but to help students to find a non-threatening, non-intellectualized way to talk about math. Heaven forfend that child psychology should enter into any elementary school teacher's classroom or pedagogical repertoire, of course. Sensible, rational, intellectual questions only, most particularly in math.
*For the irony-impaired, that's satire. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590866.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719105750-20180719125750-00376.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | 5,167 | 16 |
https://quizlet.com/explanations/questions/how-could-you-double-the-maximum-speed-of-a-simple-harmonic-oscillator-sho-a9cf4e02-52959dc1-6519-442f-af7b-6fe3ffe51f19 | math | How could you double the maximum speed of a simple harmonic oscillator (SHO)?
Step 11 of 3
Step 11 of 2
The peak velocity of an object in a simple harmonic oscillator can be expressed in terms of the spring constant, mass, and amplitude written as,
Since is a constant, we cannot change it. Hence, we only have two options left in order to achieve a double peak velocity doubling the amplitude or dividing mass by 4.
Recommended textbook solutions
A helium balloon and its gondola, of mass M, are in the air and stationary with respect to the ground. A passenger, of mass m, then climbs out and slides down a rope with speed v, measured with respect to the balloon. With what speed and direction (relative to Earth) does the balloon then move? What happens if the passenger stops? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710473.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128034307-20221128064307-00093.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | 780 | 7 |
https://downloadlagu-mp3.org/qa/question-how-do-you-know-if-two-statements-are-logically-equivalent.html | math | - What is logically equivalent to P and Q?
- Why are P and Q used in logic?
- What does P and Q stand for in algebra?
- What makes two statements logically equivalent?
- How do you write a logically equivalent statement?
- What is logical equivalence in math?
- Which statement is logically equivalent to Q → P?
- What is the negation of a statement?
- What types of conditional statements are logically equivalent?
- What are logically equivalent statements?
- What pairs of propositions are logically equivalent?
- How do you determine logical equivalence?
- Which of the following are logically equivalent?
- How do you prove tautology without truth table?
- What is the truth value of P ∨ Q?
- What is an example of a Biconditional statement?
What is logically equivalent to P and Q?
The negation of an implication is a conjunction: ¬(P→Q) is logically equivalent to P∧¬Q..
Why are P and Q used in logic?
1) When p is true and q is true, q is at least as true. (p⇒q) checks as true, meaning that it’s a valid statement because we haven’t introduced a false conclusion starting with true premises. 2) When p is true and q is false, q is NOT at least as true as p and IS less true.
What does P and Q stand for in algebra?
The statement “p implies q” means that if p is true, then q must also be true. The statement “p implies q” is also written “if p then q” or sometimes “q if p.” Statement p is called the premise of the implication and q is called the conclusion.
What makes two statements logically equivalent?
Logical equivalence occurs when two statements have the same truth value. This means that one statement can be true in its own context, and the second statement can also be true in its own context, they just both have to have the same meaning.
How do you write a logically equivalent statement?
Two expressions are logically equivalent provided that they have the same truth value for all possible combinations of truth values for all variables appearing in the two expressions. In this case, we write X≡Y and say that X and Y are logically equivalent.
What is logical equivalence in math?
Logical equivalence is a type of relationship between two statements or sentences in propositional logic or Boolean algebra. You can’t get very far in logic without talking about propositional logic also known as propositional calculus.
Which statement is logically equivalent to Q → P?
The converse of p → q is q → p. The inverse of p → q is ∼ p →∼ q. A conditional statement and its converse are NOT logically equivalent.
What is the negation of a statement?
An open sentence is a statement which contains a variable and becomes either true or false depending on the value that replaces the variable. The negation of statement p is “not p”, symbolized by “~p”. A statement and its negation have opposite truth values.
What types of conditional statements are logically equivalent?
A conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive. Converse: Suppose a conditional statement of the form “If p then q” is given. The converse is “If q then p.” Symbolically, the converse of p q is q p.
What are logically equivalent statements?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In logic and mathematics, statements and are said to be logically equivalent if they are provable from each other under a set of axioms, or have the same truth value in every model.
What pairs of propositions are logically equivalent?
Suppose we have two propositions, p and q. The propositions are equal or logically equivalent if they always have the same truth value. That is, p and q are logically equivalent if p is true whenever q is true, and vice versa, and if p is false whenever q is false, and vice versa.
How do you determine logical equivalence?
p q and q p have the same truth values, so they are logically equivalent. To test for logical equivalence of 2 statements, construct a truth table that includes every variable to be evaluated, and then check to see if the resulting truth values of the 2 statements are equivalent.
Which of the following are logically equivalent?
A compound proposition that is always True is called a tautology. Two propositions p and q are logically equivalent if their truth tables are the same. Namely, p and q are logically equivalent if p ↔ q is a tautology. If p and q are logically equivalent, we write p ≡ q.
How do you prove tautology without truth table?
Using a Fitch style proof, this tautology can be proved by contradiction. Assume the statement is false, show that this assumption entails a contradiction, then negate the assumption. The only way for ¬P ∧ (P ∨ Q) to be true is for P to be false and Q to be true.
What is the truth value of P ∨ Q?
Disjunction Let p and q be propositions. The disjunction of p and q, denoted by p ∨ q, is the proposition “p or q.” The truth value of p ∨ q is false if both p and q are false.
What is an example of a Biconditional statement?
A biconditional statement is a statement that can be written in the form “p if and only if q.” This means “if p, then q” and “if q, then p.” The biconditional “p if and only if q” can also be written as “p iff q” or p q. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038078900.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20210414215842-20210415005842-00085.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | 5,250 | 48 |
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1329259453 | math | posted by Keisha .
Guys i really need help in these three problems. If someone could explain how to do this i would appreciate it!
complete and balance the following equations
1. SO3^2- + Cu^2+ --> SO4^2- + Cu^+
2. Cr +Cu^2+ ---> CrO4^2- + Cu^+
3. MnO2 + Ag^+ ---> MnO4^- + Ag
See your post above. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084888341.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120004001-20180120024001-00508.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | 297 | 7 |
https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/finance-banking-and-money-v2.0/s25-03-aggregate-demand-curve.html | math | For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page. You can browse or download additional books there. To download a .zip file containing this book to use offline, simply click here.
Imagine a fixed IS curve and an LM curve shifting hard left due to increases in the price level, as in Figure 22.6 "Deriving the aggregate demand curve". As prices increase, Y falls and i rises. Now plot that outcome on a new graph, where aggregate output Y remains on the horizontal axis but the vertical axis is replaced by the price level P. The resulting curve, called the aggregate demand (AD) curve, will slope downward, as below. The AD curve is a very powerful tool because it indicates the points at which equilibrium is achieved in the markets for goods and money at a given price level. It slopes downward because a high price level, ceteris paribus, means a small real money supply, high interest rates, and a low level of output, while a low price level, all else constant, is consistent with a larger real money supply, low interest rates, and kickin’ output.
Figure 22.6 Deriving the aggregate demand curve
Because the AD curve is essentially just another way of stating the IS-LM model, anything that would change the IS or LM curves will also shift the AD curve. More specifically, the AD curve shifts in the same direction as the IS curve, so it shifts right (left) with autonomous increases (decreases) in C, I, G, and NX and decreases (increases) in T. The AD curve also shifts in the same direction as the LM curve. So if MS increases (decreases), it shifts right (left), and if Md increases (decreases) it shifts left (right), as in Figure 22.3 "Predicted effects of changes in major macroeconomic variables". | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474482.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224012912-20240224042912-00305.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | 1,782 | 4 |
https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/math/precalculus/precalculus-6th-edition/chapter-2-graphs-and-functions-2-7-graphing-techniques-2-7-exercises-page-271/2 | math | Work Step by Step
RECALL: The graph of the function $y=f(x)+k$ involves a vertical shift of $|k|$ units (upward when $k$ is positive, downward when $k$ is negative) of the parent function $f(x)$. The parent function of the given function is $y=x^2$. The given function has a $k=5$. Thus, the graph of the given function involves a 5 unit shift upwnward of its parent function. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540518627.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20191209093227-20191209121227-00247.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | 376 | 2 |
https://itocagawoler.ga/methods-of-homological-algebra.php | math | Viewed 1k times. Alexander Grothendieck.
Alexander Grothendieck Alexander Grothendieck 1, 11 11 silver badges 32 32 bronze badges. The right derived functors of the global sections of a sheaf are what are known as the sheaf cohomology. These are useful, for example, in understanding invariants of line bundles on projective varieties. The most basic principle is to study the abelian category of quasi-coherent, resp.
As someone with only a cursory background in algebraic geometry, this certainly helped me understand a few of the motivations. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google.
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Related Hot Network Questions. Homological algebra first arose as a language for describing topological prospects of geometrical objects. As with every successful language it quickly expanded its coverage and semantics, and its contemporary applications are many and diverse.
This modern approach to homological algebra, by two leading writers in the field, is based on the systematic use of the language and ideas of derived categories and derived functors. Relations with standard cohomology theory sheaf cohomology, spectral sequences, etc. In most cases complete proofs are given.
Methods of Homological Algebra
Basic concepts and results of homotopical algebra are also presented. The book addresses people who want to learn a modern approach to homological algebra and to use it in their work. For the second edition the authors have made numerous corrections. It is based on the systematic use of the language and technics of derived categories and derived functors.
The reader has all the basic material and a lot of examples ….
Methods of Homological Algebra - itocagawoler.ga
Related Methods of Homological Algebra
Copyright 2019 - All Right Reserved | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370500482.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331115844-20200331145844-00374.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | 1,950 | 13 |
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1311693478 | math | Statistics- Standard Error
posted by Sarah .
A population of 200 voters contains 52 Republicans, 128 Democrats, and 20 independents and members of other parties. A simple random sample of 20 voters will be drawn from this population. The expected number of Republicans in the sample is ______ ?
The standard error of the number of Republicans in the sample is _____ ? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890187.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121040927-20180121060927-00126.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | 367 | 4 |
https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Mathematician:Yasumasa_Kanada | math | Japanese mathematician most known for his numerous world records over the past three decades for calculating digits of $\pi$.
He has set the record $11$ of the past $21$ times.
- Born: 1949 in Japan
Theorems and Definitions
Results named for Yasumasa Kanada can be found here.
Also known as
In Japanese, his name is rendered 金田 康正.
Reported by some sources as Tasumasa Kanada, but it is suspected that this is a mistake. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540529516.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20191210233444-20191211021444-00302.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | 428 | 8 |
http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/tag/odometer/ | math | It appears that you have picked up where Steve Lang left off. That is answering general automotive questions that puzzle automotive enthusiast.
My question, what average speed would be good or bad for a used vehicle? I am in the market for a used truck (3-6yrs old), and have noticed that these newer trucks have mileage and hours tracked in the dash display screen. It is easy math to calculate the average speed for the life of the vehicle. What should I look for?
Or run from?
Best and brightest? (Read More…) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042981753.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002301-00295-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | 514 | 4 |
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2000461?origin=crossref | math | You are not currently logged in.
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Attracting Orbits in Newton's Method
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Vol. 297, No. 1 (Sep., 1986), pp. 143-158
Published by: American Mathematical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2000461
Page Count: 16
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It is well known that the dynamical system generated by Newton's Method applied to a real polynomial with all of its roots real has no periodic attractors other than the fixed points at the roots of the polynomial. This paper studies the effect on Newton's Method of roots of a polynomial "going complex". More generally, we consider Newton's Method for smooth real-valued functions of the form fμ(x) = g(x) + μ, μ a parameter. If μ0 is a point of discontinuity of the map μ → (the number of roots of fμ), then, in the presence of certain nondegeneracy conditions, we show that there are values of μ near μ0 for which the Newton function of fμ has nontrivial periodic attractors.
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society © 1986 American Mathematical Society | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170864.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00291-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | 1,549 | 13 |
https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/tag/odds-ratio/page/2/ | math | Effect size statistics are expected by many journal editors these days.
If you’re running an ANOVA, t-test, or linear regression model, it’s pretty straightforward which ones to report.
Things get trickier, though, once you venture into other types of models.
A number of years ago when I was still working in the consulting office at Cornell, someone came in asking for help interpreting their ordinal logistic regression results.
The client was surprised because all the coefficients were backwards from what they expected, and they wanted to make sure they were interpreting them correctly.
It looked like the researcher had done everything correctly, but the results were definitely bizarre. They were using SPSS and the manual wasn’t clarifying anything for me, so I did the logical thing: I ran it in another software program. I wanted to make sure the problem was with interpretation, and not in some strange default or (more…)
One great thing about logistic regression, at least for those of us who are trying to learn how to use it, is that the predictor variables work exactly the same way as they do in linear regression.
Dummy coding, interactions, quadratic terms–they all work the same way.
In pretty much every regression procedure in every stat software, the default way to code categorical variables is with dummy coding.
All dummy coding means is recoding the original categorical variable into a set of binary variables that have values of one and zero. You may find it helpful to (more…)
I received an e-mail from a researcher in Canada that asked about communicating logistic regression results to non-researchers. It was an important question, and there are a number of parts to it.
With the asker’s permission, I am going to address it here.
To give you the full context, she explained in a follow-up email that she is communicating to a clinical audience who will be using the results to make clinical decisions. They need to understand the size of an effect that an intervention will provide. She refers to an output I presented in my webinar on Probability, Odds, and Odds Ratios, which you can view free here.
I just went through the two lectures re: logistic regression and prob/odds/odds ratios. I completely understand (more…)
Odds ratios are one of those concepts in statistics that are just really hard to wrap your head around. Although probability and odds both measure how likely it is that something will occur, probability is just so much easier to understand for most of us.
I’m not sure if it’s just a more intuitive concepts, or if it’s something were just taught so much earlier so that it’s more ingrained. In either case, without a lot of practice, most people won’t have an immediate understanding of how likely something is if it’s communicated through odds.
So why not always use probability? (more…)
Logistic regression models can seem pretty overwhelming to the uninitiated. Why not use a regular regression model? Just turn Y into an indicator variable–Y=1 for success and Y=0 for failure.
For some good reasons.
1.It doesn’t make sense to model Y as a linear function of the parameters because Y has only two values. You just can’t make a line out of that (at least not one that fits the data well).
2. The predicted values can be any positive or negative number, not just 0 or 1.
3. The values of 0 and 1 are arbitrary.The important part is not to predict the numerical value of Y, but the probability that success or failure occurs, and the extent to which that probability depends on the predictor variables.
So okay, you say. Why not use a simple transformation of Y, like probability of success–the probability that Y=1.
Well, that doesn’t work so well either.
1. The right hand side of the equation can be any number, but the left hand side can only range from 0 to 1.
2. It turns out the relationship is not linear, but rather follows an S-shaped (or sigmoidal) curve.
To obtain a linear relationship, we need to transform this response too, Pr(success).
As luck would have it, there are a few functions that:
1. are not restricted to values between 0 and 1
2. will form a linear relationship with our parameters
These functions include:
All three of these work just as well, but (believe it or not) the Logit function is the easiest to interpret.
But as it turns out, you can’t just run the transformation then do a regular linear regression on the transformed data. That would be way too easy, but also give inaccurate results. Logistic Regression uses a different method for estimating the parameters, which gives better results–better meaning unbiased, with lower variances. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817081.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416093441-20240416123441-00592.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | 4,679 | 33 |
https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/elasticity-of-demand/types-elasticity-of-demand/2-major-types-of-elasticity-with-formula/12314 | math | The following points highlight the two major types of elasticity. The two types are: A. Income Elasticity B. Cross-Elasticity of Demand.
A. Income Elasticity of Demand:
Income elasticity of demand is the degree to which the demand for a commodity responds to a change in income.
The coefficient of income elasticity may be measured by using the following formula:
ey = Proportionate change in quantity demanded/Proportionate change in income.
Price elasticity of demand is always negative. Income elasticity, however, may be positive or negative. For most goods it will be positive, i.e., if income rises, demand for the commodity also rises, whereas, if income falls, demand for the commodity falls.
But, for inferior goods, income elasticity will be negative, i.e., if income rises, demand for an inferior good will fall, whereas, if income falls, demand for an inferior good will rise. Thus with a product like margarine, if income rises, people might now be able to afford butter instead and the demand for margarine will fall.
The boundary between positive and negative, income elasticity is zero income elasticity, corresponding to the case where a change in income leaves quantity demanded unchanged. Fig. 3.17 shows the relationship between income and quantity demanded for the three types of goods i.e., A, B and C.
B. Cross-Elasticity of Demand:
Cross-elasticity of demand is the degree to which the demand for one commodity responds to a change in the price of another commodity.
The formula for measuring the coefficient of cross elasticity of demand is:
ec = Proportionate change in demand for A/Proportionate change in price of B
Cross elasticity may be positive or negative, depending on the relationship between the two commodities. If the commodities are substitutes, cross elasticity will be positive, i.e., a rise in the price of the first commodity will cause an increase in the demand for the other commodity. For example, a 5 per cent rise in the price of tea might result in a 6 per cent increase in the demand for coffee, in which case cross elasticity is (6/100) (5/100) = 1.2.
If the commodities are complements, cross- elasticity will be negative, i.e., a rise in the price of one commodity will cause a fall in the demand for the other. For example, if the price of sugar rises, less sugar will be bought and there will be a fall in the demand for coffee also. If a 10 percent rise in the price of sugar results in a fall of 8 per cent in the demand for coffee, cross elasticity is (-8/100)/ (10/100) = – 0.8.
In fact, the value of cross elasticity of demand may vary between minus infinity and plus infinity. Fig. 3.18(i) shows that cross- elasticity of demand for substitute goods is positive and for complementary goods it is negative. The cross-elasticity of demand in case of tea and coffee will be positive because a fall in the price of tea would lead consumers to substitute it for coffee.
The relationship would be as in Fig. 3.18(i). As the price of tea falls, the demand for coffee falls, too. In contrast, the cross-elasticity of demand for coffee with respect to the price of sugar is likely to be negative. The reason is simple: a fall in the price of sugar would lead to an increase in the demand for coffee, as shown in Fig. 3.18(ii). The reason is simple each cup of coffee will now cost less than before.
Cross-elasticity is positive in case of substitute goods like tea and coffee, is almost zero in case of unrelated goods such as butter and tea and is negative in case of complimentary goods such as cars and petrol. In the first case a rise in the price of one will bring about an increase in the demand for another. In contrast, a rise in the price of petrol will lead to a fall in the demand for cars.
In fact, the value of Ee may vary from minus infinity to plus infinity. Goods which are close substitutes (like Limca and Campa Cola) or complements (kerosene stoves and kerosene) will tend to show a fairly high degree of Ec. Conversely, when there is little, if any, relation between goods then the Ec will be near to zero. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817249.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418222029-20240419012029-00535.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | 4,080 | 18 |
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https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1350452304 | math | posted by shahab .
c. A student put 1.18 mole of substance A and and 2.85 mole of substance B into a 10 litre flask which was then closed. The reaction that took place was: A(g)+ 2B(g) 3C(g) + D(g)
On analysis the equilibrium mixture at 25 0 C was found to contain 0.376mole of D. Calculate Kc and Kp at this temperature.
[ R = 0.0821atm l mole-1K-1].
These are in 1 L; therefore, mols = M.
........A + 2B ==> 3C + D
x in the problem = 0.376 for D at equilibrium.
Calculate concns of each of the others and substitute into Keq expression and solve for Kc.
Then convert top Kp = Kc*RTdelta n | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105455.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819143637-20170819163637-00682.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | 590 | 9 |
https://banglajol.info/index.php/GANIT/article/view/10307 | math | A finite difference scheme for a fluid dynamic traffic flow model appended with two-point boundary condition
A fluid dynamic traffic flow model with a linear velocity-density closure relation is considered. The model reads as a quasi-linear first order hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) and in order to incorporate initial and boundary data the PDE is treated as an initial boundary value problem (IBVP). The derivation of a first order explicit finite difference scheme of the IBVP for two-point boundary condition is presented which is analogous to the well known Lax-Friedrichs scheme. The Lax-Friedrichs scheme for our model is not straight-forward to implement and one needs to employ a simultaneous physical constraint and stability condition. Therefore, a mathematical analysis is presented in order to establish the physical constraint and stability condition of the scheme. The finite difference scheme is implemented and the graphical presentation of numerical features of error estimation and rate of convergence is produced. Numerical simulation results verify some well understood qualitative behavior of traffic flow.
GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 31 (2011) 43-52
How to Cite
The copyright of GANIT: Journal of Bangladesh Mathematical Society is reserved by Bangladesh Mathematical Society (web: https://bdmathsociety.org/) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446706285.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20221126080725-20221126110725-00762.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | 1,368 | 5 |
https://buddyschool.com/profile/show-profile/29808/mathematics-and-science | math | Mathematics and Science
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https://www.clickbd.com/bangladesh/300561-suzuki-ax-100-for-sale-japan-urgent-sale.html | math | i bought a car so don't need it
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http://martellcropprojections.com/importance-of-maps-to-giscience/ | math | GIS .is defined as the science dealing with the interpretation and management of spatial information in a scientific context, including associated technology, and implications of these for Commerce, Social life and the environment. . . .Information Analysis and interpretation of Data and transforming these into visual representations constitute among other things the Information Management function. Hardware and software that facilitate this process come under the category of associated methodology. Geographical Information and the GI system have tremendous applications to commerce and environment and naturally, they will impact society as a consequence. .GIS .now facilitates the production of all kinds of Maps which serve as stimulants to visualized thinking. GI System therefore admirably fits in as Research on GI Science. Experts addressed the problem of developing visualization methods and techniques to present GI data interpret and synthesize them and explore them further, (MacEachren, 1995). This goes on further to assess the impact of these on the efficiency of problem-solving. They further described the processes by which maps and graphics could be generated and the Computations systems to back these operations. The inter-connections between maps and .GIScience .and its associated steps in the process and the possible outputs also engaged many research works.
Maps have the power to visually represent data, synthesize these and then explore the world. This is possible because of the ability to take selected data from the complex maze of facts and make visual presentations. The Discipline of Cartography has evolved a wide range of design guidelines that help in creating a map that best represents the desired results in terms of spatial patterns and inter-relationships. The traditional maps have helped in their own way in the above functions of map-making. Yet, the advances made by .GIS .have revolutionized the way spatial information is synthesized, analyzed and explored. . . | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662531779.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220520093441-20220520123441-00300.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | 2,027 | 2 |
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When we find the limit of a function f(x) as x goes to infinity, we're answering the question "What value is f(x) approaching as x gets bigger and bigger and bigger...?''
A rockin' example of this is
As x gets bigger and bigger, gets closer and closer to zero. We can get a feel for this by making a table:
Since is approaching 0 as x gets larger,
This makes sense on the graph, since the bigger x gets, or the more negative x gets, the closer y gets to zero:
Graph of :
If we had some other constant in the numerator besides 1, the limit would still be 0. We would still be dividing a constant by larger and larger numbers. Therefore,
In fact, whenever we have a rational function f(x) where the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator,
Sometimes the limit of a function as x goes to ∞ is undefined. Take f(x) = sin x. As x goes to infinity, sin x just keeps bouncing between 0 and 1 without really ever honing in one number. That limit doesn't exist. | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500140.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204142302-20230204172302-00110.warc.gz | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | 1,070 | 12 |
http://www.ask.com/web?qsrc=6&o=102140&oo=102140&l=dir&gc=1&qo=popularsearches&ad=dirN&q=Experimental+Probability | math | Based on past experience, we can make reasonable estimates of the likelihood
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Practice making reasonable estimates of the likelihood of future events based on
Math definition for experimental probability. Our Math Glossary provides more
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Experimental probability refers to the probability of an event occurring when an
experiment was conducted.
Experimental Probability. Shodor > Interactivate > Activities > Experimental
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Experimental definition of Probability. By simulating the experiment, we will find
the number of times a particular event or outcomes occur out of the total number ...
The likeliness of occurrence of something. We have in general two kinds of
probabilities: theoretical and experimental. While theoretical probabilities deals
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