| Wilhelm Vocabulary | |
| ================== | |
| [![GitHub workflow status badge][GitHub workflow status badge]][GitHub workflow status URL] | |
| [![Apache License Badge]][Apache License, Version 2.0] | |
| Data Format | |
| ----------- | |
| The data that serves [wilhelmlang.com](https://wilhelmlang.com/). They are written in YAML format, because | |
| 1. it is machine-readable so that it can be consumed quickly in data pipelines | |
| 2. it is human-readable and, thus, easy to read and modify | |
| 3. it supports multi-lines value which is very handy for language data | |
| ### Encoding Table in YAML | |
| To encode the inflections which are common in most Indo-European languages, an | |
| [application-specific YAML](https://stackoverflow.com/q/30894438/14312712) that looks like the following are employed | |
| throughout this repository: | |
| ```yaml | |
| - term: der Kaufmann | |
| definition: (male) trader | |
| declension: | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural, plural ] | |
| - ["", indef., def., noun, def., noun ] | |
| - [nominative, ein, der, Kaufmann, die, "Kaufmänner, Kaufleute" ] | |
| - [genitive, eines, des, "Kaufmannes, Kaufmanns", der, "Kaufmänner, Kaufleute" ] | |
| - [dative, einem, dem, Kaufmann, den, "Kaufmännern, Kaufleuten"] | |
| - [accusative, einen, den, Kaufmann, die, "Kaufmänner, Kaufleute" ] | |
| ``` | |
| > [!NOTE] | |
| > | |
| > - A list under `declension` is a table row | |
| > - All rows have the same number of columns | |
| > - Each element of the list corresponds to a table cell | |
| The declension (inflection) table above is equivalent to | |
| <table><thead> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th></th> | |
| <th colspan="3">singular</th> | |
| <th colspan="2">plural</th> | |
| </tr></thead> | |
| <tbody> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td></td> | |
| <td>indef.</td> | |
| <td>def.</td> | |
| <td>noun</td> | |
| <td>def.</td> | |
| <td>noun</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>nominative</td> | |
| <td>ein</td> | |
| <td>der</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmann</td> | |
| <td>die</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmänner, Kaufleute</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>genitive</td> | |
| <td>eines</td> | |
| <td>des</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmannes, Kaufmanns</td> | |
| <td>der</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmänner, Kaufleute</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>dative</td> | |
| <td>einem</td> | |
| <td>dem</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmann</td> | |
| <td>den</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmännern, Kaufleuten</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td>accusative</td> | |
| <td>einen</td> | |
| <td>den</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmann</td> | |
| <td>die</td> | |
| <td>Kaufmänner, Kaufleute</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody> | |
| </table> | |
| Data Pipeline | |
| ------------- | |
|  | |
| How Data (Vocabulary) is Stored in a Graph Database | |
| --------------------------------------------------- | |
| ### Why Graph Database | |
| Graph data representation assumes universal connectivity among world entities. This applies pretty well to the realm of | |
| languages. Multilanguage learners have already seen that Indo-European languages are similar in many aspects. The | |
| similarities not only signify the historical facts about Philology but also surface a great opportunity for | |
| multilanguage learners to take advantages of them and study much more efficiently. What's missing is connecting the dots | |
| using Graph Databases that visually presents these vastly enlightening links between the related languages in a natural | |
| way. | |
| ### Base Schema | |
| ```yaml | |
| vocabulary: | |
| - term: string | |
| definition: list | |
| ``` | |
| _The meaning of a word is called the `definition`_. A term has a natural relationship to its definition(s). For example, | |
| the German noun "[Ecke](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ecke#Noun)" has at least 4 definitions: | |
|  | |
| <div align="center"> | |
| Graph data generated by <a href="https://github.com/QubitPi/wilhelm-python-sdk">wilhelm-python-sdk</a> | |
| </div> | |
| > [!TIP] | |
| > | |
| > The parenthesized value at the beginning of each `definition` item played an un-ignorable role: it is the label of the | |
| > relationship between `term` and `definition` in graph database loaded by | |
| > [Wilhelm SDK](https://github.com/QubitPi/wilhelm-python-sdk). For example, both German words | |
| > | |
| > ```yaml | |
| > - term: denn | |
| > definition: | |
| > - (adv.) then, thus | |
| > - (conj.) because | |
| > ``` | |
| > | |
| > and | |
| > | |
| > ```yaml | |
| > - term: nämlich | |
| > definition: | |
| > - (adj.) same | |
| > - (adv.) namely | |
| > - (adv.) because | |
| > ``` | |
| > | |
| > can mean "because" acting as different types. This is visualized as follows: | |
| > | |
| >  | |
| > | |
| > __Visualzing synonyms this way presents a big advantage to human brain__ who is exceedingly good at memorizing | |
| > patterns | |
| ### Inflections | |
| Indo-European languages are mostly inflected. The way inflections are encoded are documented for each language | |
| separately: | |
| - [German declension](#german-declension) | |
| - [German conjugation](#german-conjugation) | |
| - [Ancient Greek declension](#greek-declension) | |
| - [Ancient Greek conjugation](#greek-conjugation) | |
| ### Basic Graph Query | |
| - Search for a vocabulary with all its links: | |
| ```text | |
| MATCH (term:Term)-[r]-(x) WHERE term.name = "der Amerikaner" RETURN term, r, x; | |
| ``` | |
| Languages | |
| --------- | |
| ### [German](./german.yaml) | |
| #### Noun Declension | |
| __Declension__ is the inflection for nouns and adjectives. | |
| > [!TIP] | |
| > | |
| > __The declension tables for all nouns are sourced from | |
| > [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kaufmann#Declension)__ | |
| ##### Declension Templates | |
| ###### Masculine | |
| `term` with a _definite article_ of __der__ signifies a __masculine noun__ which has a declension table template of the | |
| following form: | |
| ```yaml | |
| declension: | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural, plural] | |
| - ["", indef., def., noun, def., noun ] | |
| - [nominative, ein, der, ████████, die, ██████] | |
| - [genitive, eines, des, ████████, der, ██████] | |
| - [dative, einem, dem, ████████, den, ██████] | |
| - [accusative, einen, den, ████████, die, ██████] | |
| ``` | |
| For example: | |
| ```yaml | |
| - term: der Gegenstand | |
| definition: | |
| - object | |
| - thing | |
| declension: | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural, plural ] | |
| - ["", indef., def., noun, def., noun ] | |
| - [nominative, ein, der, Gegenstand, die, Gegenstände ] | |
| - [genitive, eines, des, "Gegenstandes, Gegenstands", der, Gegenstände ] | |
| - [dative, einem, dem, Gegenstand, den, Gegenständen] | |
| - [accusative, einen, den, Gegenstand, die, Gegenstände ] | |
| ``` | |
| > [!CAUTION] | |
| > | |
| > [Adjectival nouns](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German/Grammar/Nouns/Adjectival_Nouns), however, do NOT follow the | |
| > template above. Instead, it uses [adjective declension table template](#attributive-adjective-declension) | |
| > | |
| > The definition of the adjectival nouns begins with "__(Adjectival nouns)__"`. For example: | |
| > | |
| > ```yaml | |
| > - term: der Kranker | |
| > definition: (Adjectival nouns) the sick person | |
| > declension: | |
| > strong declension (without article): | |
| > - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural ] | |
| > - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| > - [nominative, Kranker, N/A, N/A, Kranke ] | |
| > - [genitive, Kranken, N/A, N/A, Kranker] | |
| > - [dative, Krankem, N/A, N/A, Kranken] | |
| > - [accusative, Kranken, N/A, N/A, Kranke ] | |
| > weak declension (with definite article): | |
| > - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural ] | |
| > - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| > - [nominative, der Kranke, N/A, N/A, die Kranken] | |
| > - [genitive, des Kranken, N/A, N/A, der Kranken] | |
| > - [dative, dem Kranken, N/A, N/A, den Kranken] | |
| > - [accusative, den Kranken, N/A, N/A, die Kranken] | |
| > mixed declension (with indefinite article): | |
| > - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural ] | |
| > - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| > - [nominative, ein Kranker, N/A, N/A, (keine) Kranken] | |
| > - [genitive, eines Kranken, N/A, N/A, (keiner) Kranken] | |
| > - [dative, einem Kranken, N/A, N/A, (keinen) Kranken] | |
| > - [accusative, einen Kranken, N/A, N/A, (keine) Kranken] | |
| > ``` | |
| > | |
| > Note that since "Kranker" is masculine, all feminine and neuter declensions are undefined and, thus, are marked with | |
| > "N/A". | |
| ###### Feminine | |
| `term` with a _definite article_ of __die__ signifies a __feminine noun__ which has a declension table template of the | |
| following form: | |
| ```yaml | |
| declension: | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural, plural] | |
| - ["", indef., def., noun, def., noun ] | |
| - [nominative, eine, die, ████████, die, ██████] | |
| - [genitive, einer, der, ████████, der, ██████] | |
| - [dative, einer, der, ████████, den, ██████] | |
| - [accusative, eine, die, ████████, die, ██████] | |
| ``` | |
| ###### Neuter | |
| `term` with a _definite article_ of __das__ signifies a __neuter noun__ which has a declension table template of the | |
| following form: | |
| ```yaml | |
| declension: | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural, plural] | |
| - ["", indef., def., noun, def., noun ] | |
| - [nominative, ein, das, ████████, die, ██████] | |
| - [genitive, eines, des, ████████, der, ██████] | |
| - [dative, einem, dem, ████████, den, ██████] | |
| - [accusative, ein, das, ████████, die, ██████] | |
| ``` | |
| #### (Attributive) Adjective Declension | |
| > [!TIP] | |
| > | |
| > - Predicate adjectives (e.g. kalt in mir ist kalt "I am _cold_") are undeclined | |
| > - An adjective can both be predicative (a _brave_ boy) or attributive (The boy is _brave_). Only attributive | |
| > adjectives are declined. | |
| There are 3 types of declensions for German adjectives | |
| 1. [strong declension](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_declension#Strong_inflection), | |
| 2. [week declension](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_declension#Weak_inflection), and | |
| 3. [mixed declension](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_declension#Mixed_inflection) | |
| Each type bears a separate declension table. __To master German adjectives, we will need to memorize all of the three__. | |
| There is also [adjective comparison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_adjectives#Adjective_comparison) which throws | |
| in potentially 6 more tables. But the | |
| [rules for comparative and superlative forms are quite universal](https://www.reddit.com/r/German/comments/i5mfrq/how_do_you_remember_adjective_declension/) | |
| so we __ignore the two and focus only on the positive form__, which is the basic form of the adjective. | |
| The [template](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/generate-custom-code-constructs-using-live-templates.html) of the | |
| adjective is as follows: | |
| ```yaml | |
| declension: | |
| strong declension (without article): | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural] | |
| - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| - [nominative, █████████, ████████, ████████, ██████] | |
| - [genitive, █████████, ████████, ████████, ██████] | |
| - [dative, █████████, ████████, ████████, ██████] | |
| - [accusative, █████████, ████████, ████████, ██████] | |
| weak declension (with definite article): | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural] | |
| - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| - [nominative, der █████, die ████, das ███, die ██] | |
| - [genitive, des █████, der ████, des ███, der ██] | |
| - [dative, dem █████, der ████, dem ███, den ██] | |
| - [accusative, den █████, die ████, das ███, die ██] | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article): | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural ] | |
| - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| - [nominative, ein █████, eine ███, ein ███, (keine) █████] | |
| - [genitive, eines ███, einer ██, eines █, (keiner) █████] | |
| - [dative, einem ███, einer ██, einem █, (keinen) █████] | |
| - [accusative, einen ███, eine ███, ein ███, (keine) █████] | |
| ``` | |
| Here is an example of the adjective declension for | |
| "[unterschiedlich](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unterschiedlich#Declension)": | |
| ```yaml | |
| - term: unterschiedlich | |
| definition: (adj.) different | |
| declension: | |
| strong declension (without article): | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural ] | |
| - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| - [nominative, unterschiedlicher, unterschiedliche, unterschiedliches, unterschiedliche ] | |
| - [genitive, unterschiedlichen, unterschiedlicher, unterschiedlichen, unterschiedlicher] | |
| - [dative, unterschiedlichem, unterschiedlicher, unterschiedlichem, unterschiedlichen] | |
| - [accusative, unterschiedlichen, unterschiedliche, unterschiedliches, unterschiedliche ] | |
| weak declension (with definite article): | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural ] | |
| - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| - [nominative, der unterschiedliche, die unterschiedliche, das unterschiedliche, die unterschiedlichen] | |
| - [genitive, des unterschiedlichen, der unterschiedlichen, des unterschiedlichen, der unterschiedlichen] | |
| - [dative, dem unterschiedlichen, der unterschiedlichen, dem unterschiedlichen, den unterschiedlichen] | |
| - [accusative, den unterschiedlichen, die unterschiedliche, das unterschiedliche, die unterschiedlichen] | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article): | |
| - ["", singular, singular, singular, plural ] | |
| - ["", masculine, feminine, neuter, "" ] | |
| - [nominative, ein unterschiedlicher, eine unterschiedliche, ein unterschiedliches, (keine) unterschiedlichen ] | |
| - [genitive, eines unterschiedlichen, einer unterschiedlichen, eines unterschiedlichen, (keiner) unterschiedlichen] | |
| - [dative, einem unterschiedlichen, einer unterschiedlichen, einem unterschiedlichen, (keinen) unterschiedlichen] | |
| - [accusative, einen unterschiedlichen, eine unterschiedliche, ein unterschiedliches, (keine) unterschiedlichen ] | |
| ``` | |
| > [!TIP] | |
| > | |
| > __The declension tables for all adjectives are sourced from | |
| > [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unterschiedlich#Declension)__ | |
| #### German Conjugation | |
| The conjugation is the inflection paradigm for a German verb. Those with `conjugation` field denotes a __verb__; its | |
| definition also begins with an _indefinite form_, i.e. "to ..." | |
| There are __3__ persons, __2__ numbers, and __4__ moods (indicative, conditional, imperative and subjunctive) to | |
| consider in conjugation. There are __6__ tenses in German: the present and past are conjugated, and there are four | |
| compound tenses. There are two categories of verbs in German: | |
| [weak and strong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_strong_verb)[^1]. In addition, | |
| [strong verbs are grouped into 7 "classes"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_strong_verb#Strong_verb_classes) | |
| [^1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_verbs#Conjugation | |
| The conjugation table of German verb on Wiktionary is hard to interpret for German beginner. It does, however, presents | |
| a very good Philology reference. For example, it tells us which of the 7 "classes" a strong verb belongs to. __We, | |
| therefore, leave the Wiktionary links to the conjugation table of that verb for data processing in the future__, for | |
| example, | |
| ```yaml | |
| - term: aufwachsen | |
| definition: to grow up | |
| conjugation: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aufwachsen#Conjugation | |
| ``` | |
| and advise user to employ a much more practical method to learn daily conjugation as follows. We take "__aufwachsen__" | |
| as an example. | |
| > [!IMPORTANT] | |
| > I'm not advertising for any organizations. I'm simply sharing good resources. | |
| [Netzverb Dictionary](https://www.verbformen.com/) is the best German dictionary _targeting the vocabulary inflections_. | |
| [Search for "aufwachsen"](https://www.verbformen.com/?w=aufwachsen) and we will see much more intuitive conjugation | |
| tables listed. | |
| This pretty much serves our needs, but what makes Netzverb unpenetrable by other alternatives is that _every_ verb comes | |
| with | |
| 1. [A printable version that looks much better than the browser's Control+P export](https://www.verbformen.com/conjugation/aufwachsen.pdf) | |
| - There is also a "Sentences with German verb aufwachsen" section with a | |
| [link](https://www.verbformen.com/conjugation/examples/aufwachsen.htm) that offer a fruitful number of conjugated | |
| examples getting us familiar with the inflections of the verb | |
| 2. [An on-the-fly generated flashcard sheet](https://www.verbformen.com/conjugation/worksheets-exercises/lernkarten/aufwachsen.pdf) | |
| which allows us to make a better usage of our random free time | |
| 3. [A YouTube video that offers audios of almost every conjugated form](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCtUrSn030A), | |
| which helps with pronunciations a lot | |
| > [!TIP] | |
| > | |
| > - __It is, thus, strongly recommended to study the conjugation through | |
| > [Netzverb Dictionary](https://www.verbformen.com/) separately__ | |
| > - Netzverb Dictionary, however, lacks a programmable API. Wiktionary [has a good one](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) | |
| > instead. This is why we left the conjugation link to Wiktionary for now and it will definitely serve us well as I'm | |
| > trying to make it happen | |
| ### [Ancient Greek](./greek.yaml) | |
| > [!TIP] | |
| > | |
| > [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BD%90%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82#Pronunciation) and | |
| > [Logos Bible Study Platform](https://www.youtube.com/@logosbiblesoftware/search?query=Greek) are the best sources as | |
| > pronunciation guides. Due to the scarcity of the audio resources among AG lerners, [a separate project](https://github.com/QubitPi/ancient-greek-reader) has been | |
| > initiated to expand the audio practice materials by AI | |
| [Ancient Greek is still an under-attesting language](https://latin.stackexchange.com/a/17432), what that means is no | |
| textbook is "complete". One will frequently see a certain grammar does not apply to or some inflections are missing for | |
| a word. Therefore, the best strategy to make inflection data of Ancient Greek is to crawl the entire inflection table of | |
| every word. This would be impractical manually but practical automatically using | |
| [wilhelm-python-sdk](https://github.com/QubitPi/wilhelm-python-sdk). The sections below will make references to the | |
| certain parts of SDK. | |
| #### Diacritic Mark Convention | |
| We employ the following 3 diacritic signs only in vocabulary: | |
| 1. the __acute__ (ά) | |
| 2. the __circumflex__ (ᾶ), and | |
| 3. the __grave__ (ὰ) | |
| In fact, it is called the [_medium diacritics_](https://lsj.gr/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%82) and the | |
| same convention used in [Loeb Classical Library prints](https://ryanfb.xyz/loebolus/) from Harvard. Notice that, | |
| however, the commonly sourced [Wiktionary uses full diacritics](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%82#Declension), | |
| including the [breve diacritic mark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breve); we don't do that. | |
| #### Greek YAML Schema | |
| #### Greek Noun | |
| The vocabulary entry for each noun consists of its nominative and genitive forms, an article which indicates the noun's | |
| gender, and the English meaning. For example. | |
| ```yaml | |
| - term: τέχνη τέχνης, ἡ | |
| definition: | |
| - art, | |
| - skill, | |
| - craft | |
| ``` | |
| the vocabulary entry above consists of the following 4 items: | |
| 1. τέχνη: nominative singular | |
| 2. τέχνης: genitive singular | |
| 3. ἡ: nominative feminine singular of the article, which shows that the gender of the noun is feminine | |
| 4. a list of English meanings of the word | |
| The declension of the entry is not shown because to decline any noun, we can take the genitive singular, remove the | |
| genitive singular ending to get the stem, and then add the proper set of endings to the stem based on its declension | |
| class[^2]. | |
| [^2]: _[Greek: An Intensive Course, 2nd Revised Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Greek-Intensive-Course-2nd-Revised/dp/0823216632)_, Hansen & Quinn, _p.20_ | |
| For example, to decline _τέχνη τέχνης, ἡ, art_, take the genitive singular _τέχνης_, remove the genitive singular ending | |
| _-ης_, and add the appropriate endings to the stem which gives following paradigm: | |
| | Case | Singular | Plural | | |
| |:----------:|:--------:|:-------:| | |
| | nominative | τέχνη | τέχναι | | |
| | genitive | τέχνης | τεχνῶν | | |
| | dative | τέχνῃ | τέχναις | | |
| | accusative | τέχνην | τέχνᾱς | | |
| | vocative | τέχνη | τέχναι | | |
| #### Greek Verb | |
| The Greek verb has __6__ principal parts. All 6 must be learned whenever a new verb is encountered: | |
| 1. (first person singular) present indicative active | |
| 2. (first person singular) future indicative active | |
| 3. (first person singular) aorist indicative active | |
| 4. (first person singular) perfect indicative active | |
| 5. (first person singular) perfect indicative passive | |
| 6. (first person singular) aorist indicative passive | |
| > [!TIP] | |
| > | |
| > The minimum number of forms which one must know in order to generate all possible forms of a verb are called the | |
| > __principal parts__ of that verb. | |
| From the 6 forms above, various verb forms (i.e. stems & endings) can be derived by rules[^4] | |
| [^4]: _[Greek: An Intensive Course, 2nd Revised Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Greek-Intensive-Course-2nd-Revised/dp/0823216632)_, Hansen & Quinn, _p.44_ | |
| In practice, however, | |
| [obtaining precise and complete principal parts for some verbs has been proven to be impossible](https://latin.stackexchange.com/a/17432). | |
| While the best efforts have been made for reconstructing the complete principal parts, we also put a link to the | |
| Wiktionary of each verb for | |
| [wilhelm-python-sdk](https://sdk.wilhelmlang.com/en/latest/#module-wilhelm_python_sdk.ancient_greek_wiktionary_parser), | |
| which will dynamically load the complete conjugation tables into graph database. | |
| What's also being loaded are the reconstructed principal parts with a list of references that validate the | |
| reconstruction. | |
| In conclusion, the entry of a verb, thus, has the form of: | |
| ```yaml | |
| - term: string | |
| definition: list | |
| conjugation: | |
| wiktionary: string | |
| principal parts: | |
| - ["", Attic, (Possibly other dialects)] | |
| - [(first person singular) present indicative active, █████, ... ] | |
| - [(first person singular) future indicative active, █████, ... ] | |
| - [(first person singular) aorist indicative active, █████, ... ] | |
| - [(first person singular) perfect indicative active, █████, ... ] | |
| - [(first person singular) perfect indicative passive, █████, ... ] | |
| - [(first person singular) aorist indicative passive, █████, ... ] | |
| references: list | |
| ``` | |
| For example: | |
| ```yaml | |
| - term: λέγω | |
| definition: | |
| - to say, speak | |
| - to pick up | |
| conjugation: | |
| wiktionary: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/λέγω#Verb_2 | |
| principal parts: | |
| - ["", Attic , Koine ] | |
| - [(first person singular) present indicative active, λέγω , λέγω ] | |
| - [(first person singular) future indicative active, λέξω , ἐρῶ ] | |
| - [(first person singular) aorist indicative active, ἔλεξα , εἶπον/εἶπα ] | |
| - [(first person singular) perfect indicative active, (missing), εἴρηκα ] | |
| - [(first person singular) perfect indicative passive, λέλεγμαι , λέλεγμαι ] | |
| - [(first person singular) aorist indicative passive, ἐλέχθην , ἐρρέθην/ἐρρήθην] | |
| references: | |
| - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/λέγω#Inflection | |
| - http://atticgreek.org/downloads/allPPbytypes.pdf | |
| - https://books.openbookpublishers.com/10.11647/obp.0264/ch25.xhtml | |
| - https://www.billmounce.com/greek-dictionary/lego | |
| - https://koine-greek.fandom.com/wiki/Λέγω | |
| ``` | |
| ### [Latin](./latin.yaml) | |
| ```yaml | |
| vocabulary: | |
| - term: string | |
| definition: list | |
| ``` | |
| ### Classical Hebrew (Coming Soon) | |
| The vocabulary is presented to help read and understand [Biblical Hebrew](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt00.htm#mp3). A | |
| [complementary audio](https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/ptmp3prq.htm) helps well with the pronunciation. | |
| ### [Korean](./korean.yaml) | |
| 中国人学习韩语有先天优势，加之韩语本身也是一门相当简单的语言，所以这里将语法和词汇合并在一起； | |
| 每一项也只由 `term`（韩）和 `definition`（中）组成， | |
| ```yaml | |
| vocabulary: | |
| - term: string | |
| definition: list of strings | |
| example: | |
| - Korean: 제가 아무렴 그쪽 편에 서겠어요 | |
| Chinese: 我无论如何都会站在你这边 | |
| - Korean: ... | |
| Chinese: ... | |
| ``` | |
| 不用费太多功夫记牢简单的语法和词汇，剩下的就是拿韩语字幕剧不停练习听说读写既成。`example` 中的例句均来自[韩国本土语料](https://www.amazon.com/Korean-book-%EB%82%98%EC%9D%98-%EC%95%84%EC%A0%80%EC%94%A8-%EC%A0%842%EA%B6%8C/dp/8933871756) | |
| > [!NOTE] | |
| > | |
| > 韩语不属于汉藏语系，因其所属语系非常狭小，无法和其它语言产生足够关联，因此其数据暂时不被存入图数据库进行数据分析 | |
| License | |
| ------- | |
| The use and distribution terms for [wilhelm-vocabulary]() are covered by the [Apache License, Version 2.0]. | |
| [Apache License Badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Apache%202.0-F25910.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=Apache&logoColor=white | |
| [Apache License, Version 2.0]: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| [GitHub workflow status badge]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/QubitPi/wilhelm-vocabulary/ci-cd.yaml?branch=master&style=for-the-badge&logo=github&logoColor=white&label=Database%20Loading | |
| [GitHub workflow status URL]: https://github.com/QubitPi/wilhelm-vocabulary/actions/workflows/ci-cd.yaml | |