Datasets:

ReliableAI

/

irish_fineweb_edu

like 0

Follow

Reliable AI Research Group 1

Tips For Communicating With Legislators Letters, e-mails and telephone calls really do make an impact, especially when they come from voters in a legislator’s own district. Every legislator has a story of how a seemingly small number of calls or letters – sometimes only one – made the difference on an issue. Legislators have sensitivities. While it is important for you to advocate strongly for your position, remember to be polite and reasonable in expressing your opinions. It is important to say "thank you" even when a legislator disagrees with you. General Lobbying Communication Guidelines - State your purpose at the outset. Be constructive, not negative. Suggest solutions or better alternatives. - Use specific facts and examples to illustrate your point. You are an expert on what is happening with your child and your local schools. Legislators want to know how their votes affect constituents. - Don’t assume that legislators are as well-informed as you are about a problem, issue or bill. Legislators keep track of many subjects in addition to K-12 education. Explain the situation, what you think and why. - Letters or calls about a specific piece of legislation should include the bill number. If your legislator is an author of the bill, acknowledge it. Effective Letters and E-mail - Be brief, but don’t sacrifice clarity and completeness. A one-page letter on a single topic is best. - Be certain that your name and address are on the envelope and letter. Type or write legibly. In an e-mail, include your full name, address and telephone number. - Addressing correspondence to legislators requires particular etiquette. Address them as "Representative" or "Senator" on the envelope, the inside address and in the salutation. Effective Telephone Calls - Identify yourself to the person who answers the phone. Be sure to say that you are a school district resident and a constituent in the legislator’s district. - If the legislator is unavailable, give the staff member your specific message. The legislator will know that you called. You can schedule an appointment to talk to a legislator by calling his or her office. Be sure to identify yourself as someone who lives in the legislator’s district. As the session goes on, legislators get busier and have less time to spend in their offices. Another way of connecting face-to-face is to catch your legislator before or after a committee hearing. You can learn on which committees a legislator serves and when/where they meet on the legislative web site or by calling your legislator’s office. All committee hearings are open to the public. Most likely, you will not be the only person trying to talk to a legislator before or after a hearing. Be sure not to interrupt another conversation. Wait your turn, then identify yourself as a constituent and ask if you can have a minute of the legislator’s time. A good tactic with a legislator in a hurry is to ask if you can talk to the legislator while he or she walks to the next committee meeting. If you attend a committee hearing, never attempt to speak to a legislator who is sitting at the committee table while the meeting is in progress. Remember to turn your pager and cell phone to "silent" mode while in the committee room. If it is inconvenient to travel to Madison, make an appointment to meet with the legislator when he/she is back in your home district.

<urn:uuid:2034d8fa-bdf5-4009-9cac-37198392cffe>

CC-MAIN-2023-50

http://schoolsalliance.com/educational-advocacy/tips-for-communicating-with-legislators/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100575.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206000253-20231206030253-00149.warc.gz

en

Leideanna maidir le Cumarsáid a dhéanamh le Reachtaitheoirí Tá tionchar ag litreacha, r-phost agus glaonna teileafóin, go háirithe nuair a thagann siad ó vótálaithe i gceantar an reachtóra féin. Tá scéal ag gach reachtaire faoin gcaoi ar chuir líon beag glaonna nó litreacha - uaireanta amháin - an difríocht ar cheist. Tá íogair ag reachtóirí. Cé go bhfuil sé tábhachtach go ndéanfaidh tú do sheasamh a chosaint go láidir, cuimhnigh a bheith beacht agus réasúnta agus do chuid tuairimí á nochtadh agat. Tá sé tábhachtach "go raibh maith agat" a rá fiú nuair nach n-aontaíonn reachtaire leat. Treoirlínte Ginearálta maidir le Cumarsáid um Lucht Luchtaithe - Inis do chuspóir ag an tús. Bíodh do chuid smaointe dearfach, ní diúltach. Mol réitigh nó roghanna eile níos fearr. - Úsáid fíricí agus samplaí sonracha chun do phointe a léiriú. Tá tú ina saineolaí ar an méid atá ag tarlú le do leanbh agus le scoileanna áitiúla. Ba mhaith le reachtóirí a fháil amach conas a théann a gcuid vótaí i bhfeidhm ar thoghthóirí. - Ná glacadh leis go bhfuil reachtóirí chomh maith agus atá tú faoi fhadhb, ábhar nó bille. Déanann reachtóirí rian ar go leor ábhair seachas oideachas K-12. Mínigh an cás, cad a cheapann tú agus cén fáth. - Ba cheart go mbeadh an uimhir bille san áireamh i litreacha nó glaonna faoi phíosa reachtaíochta ar leith. Má tá do dhlítheachtaire ina údar ar an mbille, aithníonn sé é. Litreacha agus Ríomhphost Éifeachtach - Bí gearr, ach ná íobair soiléireacht agus iomláine. Is fearr litir aon leathanach ar ábhar amháin. - Bí cinnte go bhfuil do ainm agus do sheoladh ar an urlár agus ar an litir. Téip nó scríobh go léite. I ríomhphost, cuir isteach d'ainm iomlán, do sheoladh agus d'uimhir teileafóin. - Teastaíonn etiquette speisialta ó na húdaráis chun an comhfhreagras a chur chuig na reachtóirí. Cuir "Ionadaithe" nó "Seanadóir" ar an urlár, an seoladh istigh agus an fáilte. Glaonna Teilifíne éifeachtacha - Aithníonn tú féin leis an duine a fhreagraíonn an fón. Bí cinnte a rá go bhfuil tú ina chónaí i gcrios scoile agus ina thoghthóir i gcrios an reachtóra. - Mura bhfuil an reachtóir ar fáil, tabhair do theachtaireacht shonrach don fhoireann. Beidh an reachtóir a fhios go bhfuil glaodh tú. Is féidir leat coinneáil ama le labhairt le feisire trí ghlaoch a dhéanamh ar a oifig. Bí cinnte go dtabharfaidh tú aitheantas duit féin mar dhuine a chónaíonn i gceantar an reachtóra. De réir mar a théann an seisiún ar aghaidh, bíonn na reachtóirí níos gnóthaí agus bíonn níos lú ama acu a chaitheamh ina n-oifigí. Bealach eile chun teagmháil a dhéanamh ó aghaidh go aghaidh is ea do dhlítheastóir a ghabháil roimh nó tar éis éisteachta coiste. Is féidir leat a fháil amach cén coiste ina bhfuil reachtóir ag feidhmiú agus cathain/i gcás a gcruinníonn siad ar shuíomh gréasáin an reachtóra nó trí ghlaoch ar oifig do reachtóra. Tá gach éisteacht sa choiste oscailte don phobal. Is dócha nach tusa an t-aon duine a dhéanfaidh iarracht labhairt le reachtóir roimh nó tar éis éisteachta. Bí cinnte gan cur isteach ar chomhrá eile. Fan go dtiocfaidh do thuras, ansin aithin tú féin mar thoghthóir agus iarr má tá nóiméad de chuid an reachtóra agat. Is é an cleas maith le reachtóir a bhfuil géarghá air ná a iarraidh an féidir leat labhairt leis an reachtóir agus é nó í ag siúl chuig an gcéad chruinniú eile den choiste. Má tá tú i láthair ag éisteacht coiste, ná déan iarracht riamh labhairt le reachtóir atá ina shuí ag an mbord coiste agus an cruinniú á reáchtáil. Cuimhnigh do phaidir agus do ghuthán soghluaiste a chur ar an modh "daite" agus tú sa seomra coiste. Má tá sé míshásta dul go Madison, déan coinneáil le chéile leis an reachtóir nuair a bheidh sé/sí ar ais i do cheantar baile.

Effective systems of care are required to deliver optimal care for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), particularly in rural and remote areas. Systems of care should be regionally based, and have formal links with specialist centres for consultation and acute interhospital transfer. Systems should include appropriate monitoring, feedback and quality improvement components. Clinical decisions about care and transfer should take into account patients’ cultural and personal beliefs and wishes. It is important to establish an initial working diagnosis to guide clinical decision making. New definitions of myocardial infarction, based heavily on the presence of cardiac biomarkers, have implications for coding and epidemiological studies. However, clinically they do not influence the indications for ongoing prevention therapies. Use of the ACS Dataset (part of the National Health Data Dictionary) can facilitate the collection of data relating to the presentation and management of ACS that can be compared and collated within and between health care providers. People experiencing symptoms of an ACS should seek help promptly and activate emergency medical services. The most important initial need is access to a defibrillator to avoid early cardiac death resulting from reversible arrhythmias. Aspirin should be given early (ie, by emergency or ambulance personnel) unless already taken or contraindicated. Oxygen should be given, as well as glyceryl trinitrate and intravenous morphine as required. As a minimum, medical facilities receiving patients should be given warning of incoming patients in whom there is a high suspicion of an ACS — particularly ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) — or whose condition is unstable. Where appropriate, a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) should be taken en route and transmitted to a medical facility. Where formal protocols are in place, prehospital treatment (including fibrinolysis in appropriate cases) should be facilitated. The ECG is the sole test required to select patients for emergency reperfusion (fibrinolytic therapy or direct percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]). Patients with STEMI who present within 12 hours of the onset of ischaemic symptoms should have a reperfusion strategy implemented promptly. Patients with a suspected ACS without ST-segment elevation on ECG should undergo further observation and investigation to rule out other diagnoses, enable risk stratification and determine the most appropriate treatment strategy. Patients whose ECG and cardiac marker levels are normal after a suitable period of observation should, where practicable, undergo provocative testing (eg, stress test) before discharge. All patients undergoing reperfusion therapy for STEMI (PCI or fibrinolysis) should be given aspirin and clopidogrel unless these are contraindicated. Antithrombin therapy should be given in combination with PCI or fibrinolytic therapy with fibrin-specific fibrinolytic agents, but antithrombin therapy in conjunction with streptokinase is optional. It is reasonable to use abciximab with primary PCI, but glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors should generally be avoided with full or reduced doses of fibrinolytic therapy. Time delay (both to first medical contact and potential PCI or fibrinolytic therapy) plays a major role in determining best management of STEMI. In general, PCI is the treatment of choice, providing it can be performed promptly by a qualified interventional cardiologist in an appropriate facility. In general, the maximum acceptable delay from presentation to balloon inflation is: Note: for patients who present late (between 3 and 12 hours after symptom onset) to a facility without PCI capability, it is appropriate to consider transfer for primary PCI if balloon inflation can be achieved within 2 hours (including transport time). All PCI facilities should be able to perform angioplasty within 90 minutes of patient presentation. Fibrinolysis should be considered early if PCI is not readily available, particularly in rural and remote areas. When there are major delays to hospitalisation (ie, more than 30 minutes), prehospital fibrinolysis should be considered. Reperfusion is not routinely recommended in patients who present more than 12 hours after symptom onset and who are asymptomatic and haemodynamically stable. Second-generation fibrin-specific fibrinolytic agents that are available as a bolus (ie, reteplase, tenecteplase) are the fibrinolytics of choice. These agents should be available at all centres where fibrinolysis may be required. Streptokinase is an inappropriate choice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients, or in patients with previous exposure to the drug. Patients who have had STEMI should be considered for early transfer to a tertiary cardiac centre with PCI facilities and links to cardiac surgical facilities. If immediate transfer is not possible, patients should be transferred or referred as soon as is practicable for assessment of need for revascularisation (through PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting). All patients with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS) should have their risk stratified to direct management decisions (see Risk stratification for stratification criteria). All patients with NSTEACS should be given aspirin, unless contraindicated. High-risk patients with NSTEACS should be treated with aggressive medical management (including aspirin, clopidogrel, unfractionated heparin or subcutaneous enoxaparin, intravenous tirofiban or eptifibatide and a β-blocker), and arrangements should be made for coronary angiography and revascularisation, except in those with severe comorbidities. Intermediate-risk patients with NSTEACS should undergo an accelerated diagnostic evaluation and further assessment to allow reclassification as low or high risk. Low-risk patients with NSTEACS, after an appropriate period of observation and assessment, may be discharged on upgraded medical therapy for outpatient follow-up. Before discharge, patients with an ACS should be initiated on a medication regimen, including antiplatelet agent(s), β-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, statin and other therapies as appropriate. Implantable cardiac defibrillators should be considered in some patients who, despite optimal medical therapy, have persistently depressed left ventricular function more than 6 weeks after STEMI. Patients should be given advice on lifestyle changes that will reduce the risk of further coronary heart disease (CHD) events, including smoking cessation, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and weight management as relevant. All patients should have access to, and be actively referred to, comprehensive ongoing prevention and cardiac rehabilitation services. All patients should be provided with a written action plan for chest pain. Depression and CHD frequently coexist, and in patients with CHD, the presence of depression is more likely to lead to poorer outcomes. Social isolation and lack of social support are also associated with worse outcomes. All patients with CHD should be assessed for depression and level of social support. The levels of evidence and grades of recommendations used in these guidelines are adapted from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence for clinical interventions and the US National Institutes of Health clinical guidelines. These classifications allow the ability to differentiate between strengths of recommendations and the levels of evidence on which these are based, and allow a classification for recommendations based on panel consensus judgement. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation used in these guidelines RCT = randomised controlled trial. * National Health and Medical Research Council. A guide to the development, implementation and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines. Canberra: NHMRC, 1999. † Adapted from: US National Institutes of Health. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 899-917. Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) include “a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, spanning ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, through to an accelerated pattern of angina without evidence of myonecrosis”.1 Collectively, they represent one of the most common causes of acute medical admissions to Australian hospitals. The current guidelines for the management of both ST-segment-elevation ACS and non-ST-segment-elevation ACS have been developed by a joint working party of the National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHFA) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). The aim of these guidelines is to incorporate contemporary information on the diagnosis and management of ACS into a set of recommendations that defines the boundaries of highest quality care. The guidelines expand on previous guidelines2,3 by consolidating recommendations for the management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina, as well as incorporating the newer developments that have arisen since the previous guidelines, Management of unstable angina — 20003 (and addenda, available at: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au) and Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2002).2 These new guidelines provide a general framework for appropriate practice, to be followed subject to clinical judgement in each individual patient. They are primarily for doctors in a hospital environment (emergency physicians, general physicians, rural doctors and cardiologists) who manage patients with ACS, but they also contain information relevant to general practitioners and others, including ambulance personnel. The guidelines are designed to provide information to assist decision making, and are based on the best information available up to September 2005. It should be understood that the context in which clinical trials are performed and the local environment in which practice is undertaken must always be considered when assessing the evidence base for guidelines and, at times, their local implementation. These new guidelines represent a local synthesis of the most recent evidence including recent international guidelines. Where relevant, the evidence has been interpreted with regard to the Australian context in which the guidelines will be implemented. The ability to implement best-practice guidelines for the management of ACS will depend on local resources and systems of care. The following guidance is offered to assist practitioners and organisations in facilitating the most effective systems of care for the communities they serve. Effective management of ACS requires collaborative systems of care to ensure that patients have access to the services that they need in a timeframe commensurate with their clinical condition and the potential benefit of treatments available in larger or specialised centres. The guiding principles for developing these systems are equity of access, equity of care and evidence-based care, taking into account patients’ preferences. The systems of care should be regionally based, formal rather than ad-hoc, and should cover the continuum of care from the first point of presentation to a health professional to definitive care and rehabilitation. Responsibility for establishing these systems should be at board or executive level within health services. clinical issues such as consultation, treatment and acute inter-hospital transfer protocols (note that systems should enhance options for patients without disempowering decision making by appropriate local clinicians); quality monitoring, such as time to specific treatments and outcomes. The structure of these systems will vary depending on the features of the region in which they are placed. In a metropolitan setting, a hospital without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capabilities may have arrangements with a local PCI-capable facility for timely transfer of selected patients. In a rural or remote setting, the system is usually considerably more complex and involves general practitioners or community health centres, prehospital care providers, retrieval services (such as Careflight, Victorian Adult Emergency Retrieval and Coordination Service, Royal Flying Doctor Service), and regional and metropolitan referral hospitals. The systems should be tailored to a region’s needs. clear lines of communication (eg, single points of contact for consultation or referral and coordination of acute interhospital transfers; the consultation component is particularly important as the benefits of some treatments for ACS are time-dependent, so early decision making is vital); clear triage protocols where appropriate, recognising the fact that the closest hospital may not be the most suitable in all cases (algorithms can be developed to guide decisions about the best primary destination for patients); effective and timely feedback (this should be two-way, and should address ways to improve the process as well as collecting outcomes information; the latter should be both specific for the patient referred and pooled so that trends in outcomes and issues for improvement can be identified); agreed treatment protocols, with processes to facilitate drug availability if required; agreed acute interhospital transfer protocols and processes; program quality monitoring, including analysis of adverse events and system breakdowns; identified leaders (these may be drawn from across the system, but leaders should jointly accept responsibility for monitoring the system, providing education and feedback, developing improvements to the system if required, facilitating arrangements with relevant extra-regional organisations and acting as public spokespeople for the system); and ownership of the established systems at a senior level within hospital or health service management. On occasion, the pathway of care may recommend that patients be transferred from their local community or region to a distant centre. There may be strong personal or cultural reasons that make this difficult or unacceptable for some patients. Every effort should be made to overcome these barriers by appropriate explanation and discussion, involvement of family and community members and preferential transfer to centres that have specific programs and resources for relevant cultural groups (eg, Aboriginal Liaison Officers). If the barriers to transfer cannot be overcome and the patient asserts his or her right to be treated more locally, the patient should have the best care that can be delivered in that setting. This includes consultation with specialists. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have a high rate of ACS, and lower intervention rates and poorer outcomes than non-Indigenous people.4 The reasons for this are complex and include barriers to health care access and language and cultural differences. To optimise outcomes for Indigenous people, systems of care that recognise these factors are needed in both metropolitan and rural and remote areas. These might include: providing culturally appropriate education and information to Indigenous patients and their families through Aboriginal Health Workers and Hospital Liaison Officers; and facilitating interhospital transfer arrangements by involving the local Aboriginal health sector and metropolitan hospital Aboriginal Liaison Officers. Effective systems of care are required to deliver optimal care for people with ACS, particularly in rural and remote areas. Systems of care should be regionally based, with formal links with specialist centres for consultation and acute interhospital transfer. Systems should include appropriate monitoring, feedback and quality improvement components. Clinical decisions about care and transfer should take into account patients’ cultural and personal beliefs and wishes. - 1. Chew D, Allan R, Aroney C, Sheerin N. National data elements for the clinical management of acute coronary syndromes. Med J Aust 2005; 182 (9 Suppl): S1-S16. <MJA full text> - 2. National Heart Foundation of Australia. Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2002). Available at: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au/index.cfm?page=35 (accessed Feb 2006). - 3. The National Heart Foundation of Australia, The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Management of unstable angina. Guidelines — 2000. Med J Aust 2000; 173 (8 Suppl): S65-S88. - 4. Coory MD, Walsh WF. Rates of percutaneous coronary interventions and bypass surgery after acute myocardial infarction in Indigenous patients. Med J Aust 2005; 182: 507-512. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/182_10_160505/coo10081_fm.html - 5. Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand JP. Myocardial infarction redefined — a consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 959-969. - 6. Data set specification — acute coronary syndrome (clinical). Available at: http://meteor.aihw.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/284654 (accessed Jun 2005). - 7. Tierney WM, Fitzgerald J, McHenry R, et al. Physicians’ estimates of the probability of myocardial infarction in emergency room patients with chest pain. Med Decis Making 1986; 6: 12-17. - 8. Lee H, Bahler R, Park OJ, et al. Typical and atypical symptoms of myocardial infarction among African-Americans, whites, and Koreans. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2001; 13: 531-539. - 9. Hamm CW, Ravkilde J, Gerhardt W, et al. The prognostic value of serum troponin T in unstable angina. New Engl J Med 1992; 327: 146-150. - 10. Volpi A, Cavalli A, Santoro L, Negri E. Incidence and prognosis of early primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction — results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI-2) database. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 265-271. - 11. Gupta R, Birnbaum Y, Uretsky BF. The renal patient with coronary artery disease: current concepts and dilemmas. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1343-1353. - 12. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 2004; 110: e82-292. - 13. Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction — summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 1366-1374. - 14. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists’ (FTT) Collaborative Group. Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 1994; 343: 311-322. - 15. Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI). Lancet 1986; 1: 397-402. - 16. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet 1988; 2: 349-360. - 17. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Zijlstra F, et al. Symptom-onset-to-balloon time and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 991-997. - 18. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Ottervanger JP, Antman EM. Time delay to treatment and mortality in primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: every minute of delay counts. Circulation 2004; 109: 1223-1225. - 19. Eagle KA, Guyton RA, Davidoff R, et al; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery; American Society for Thoracic Surgery; Society of Thoracic Surgeons. ACC/AHA 2004 guideline update for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1146-1154, e213-310. - 20. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86. - 21. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, et al. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 2001; 358: 527-533. - 22. Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT, et al. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 2411-2420. - 23. Patti G, Colonna G, Pasceri V, et al. Randomized trial of high loading dose of clopidogrel for reduction of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary intervention: results from the ARMYDA-2 (Antiplatelet therapy for reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study. Circulation 2005; 111: 2099-2106. - 24. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1179-1189. - 25. Reducing risk in heart disease 2004. Guidelines for preventing cardiovascular events in people with coronary heart disease: National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2004. Available at: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au/index.cfm?page=37 (accessed Feb 2006). - 26. de Bono DP, Simoons ML, Tijssen J, et al. Effect of early intravenous heparin on coronary patency, infarct size, and bleeding complications after alteplase thrombolysis: results of a randomised double blind European Cooperative Study Group trial. Br Heart J 1992; 67: 122-128. - 27. Hsia J, Hamilton WP, Kleiman N, et al. A comparison between heparin and low-dose aspirin as adjunctive therapy with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction. Heparin-Aspirin Reperfusion Trial (HART) Investigators. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1433-1437. - 28. Collins R, Peto R, Baigent C, Sleight P. Aspirin, heparin, and fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 847-860. - 29. Topol EJ, Neumann FJ, Montalescot G. A preferred reperfusion strategy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 1886-1889. - 30. Montalescot G, Barragan P, Wittenberg O, et al. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1895-1903. - 31. Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA, et al. Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 957-966. - 32. Topol EJ. Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO V randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 1905-1914. - 33. A clinical trial comparing primary coronary angioplasty with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction. The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO IIb) Angioplasty Substudy investigators. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1621-1628. - 34. Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 361: 13-20. - 35. Nallamothu BK, Bates ER. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: is timing (almost) everything? Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 824-826. - 36. Guidelines for competency in coronary angioplasty. Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Available at: http://www.csanz.edu.au/guidelines/training/Angioplasty_Guidelines.pdf (accessed Jun 2005). - 37. Magid DJ, Calonge BN, Rumsfeld JS, et al. Relation between hospital primary angioplasty volume and mortality for patients with acute MI treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 2000; 284: 3131-3138. - 38. Widimsky P, Budesinsky T, Vorac D, et al. Long distance transport for primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Final results of the randomized national multicentre trial — PRAGUE-2. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 94-104. - 39. Andersen HR, Nielsen TT, Rasmussen K, et al. A comparison of coronary angioplasty with fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 733-742. - 40. Steg PG, Bonnefoy E, Chabaud S, et al. Impact of time to treatment on mortality after prehospital fibrinolysis or primary angioplasty: data from the CAPTIM randomized clinical trial. Circulation 2003; 108: 2851-2856. - 41. Van de Werf F, on behalf of the ASSENT-4 PCI investigators. ASSENT-4 PCI: the ASsessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment Strategy for Acute Myocardial Infarction. ESC 2005 Congress: Abstract 2578. Available at: http://www.escardio.org/NR/rdonlyres/DDD650CD-3EF8-4001-8B00-EB6255935752/0/Van_De_Werf_FP2578.pdf (accessed Sep 2005). - 42. Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML. Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 1996; 348: 771-775. - 43. Late Assessment of Thrombolytic Efficacy (LATE) study with alteplase 6–24 hours after onset of acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1993; 342: 759-766. - 44. Schomig A, Mehilli J, Antoniucci D, et al. Mechanical reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting more than 12 hours from symptom onset: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 2865-2872. - 45. NACCHO discussion paper — thrombolysis. Canberra: National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, 2001. - 46. Kelly AM, Kerr D, Patrick I, Walker T. Call-to-needle times for thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction in Victoria. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 381-385. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_08_210403/kel10643_fm.html - 47. Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC, et al. Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2000; 283: 2686-2692. - 48. Ong MA, Weeramanthri TS. Delay times and management of acute myocardial infarction in indigenous and non-Indigenous people in the Northern Territory. Med J Aust 2000; 173: 201-204. - 49. Grzybowski M, Clements EA, Parsons L, et al. Mortality benefit of immediate revascularization of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy: a propensity analysis. JAMA 2003; 290: 1891-1898. - 50. Beggs AD, Al-Rawi H, Parfitt A. Chest pain and fleeting neurological signs. Lancet 2005; 365: 1514. - 51. Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded coronaries for Cardiogenic ShocK. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 625-634. - 52. Prasad A, Lennon RJ, Rihal CS, et al. Outcomes of elderly patients with cardiogenic shock treated with early percutaneous revascularization. Am Heart J 2004; 147: 1066-1070. - 53. Single-bolus tenecteplase compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-2 double-blind randomised trial. Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Investigators. Lancet 1999; 354: 716-722. - 54. A comparison of reteplase with alteplase for acute myocardial infarction. The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO III) Investigators. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1118-1123. - 55. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. The GUSTO investigators. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 673-682. - 56. White HD, Barbash GI, Califf RM, et al. Age and outcome with contemporary thrombolytic therapy. Results from the GUSTO-I trial. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded coronary arteries trial. Circulation 1996; 94: 1826-1833. - 57. Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2001; 358: 605-613. - 58. Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, et al. Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis: results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 14 trial. The TIMI 14 Investigators. Circulation 1999; 99: 2720-2732. - 59. Urdahl KB, Mathews JD, Currie B. Anti-streptokinase antibodies and streptokinase resistance in an Aboriginal population in northern Australia. Aust N Z J Med 1996; 26: 49-53. - 60. Vetrano A, Carotenuto R, Corsini F, et al. Effectiveness of tirofiban for failed thrombolysis during acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 914-916. - 61. Ellis SG, da Silva ER, Heyndrickx G, et al. Randomized comparison of rescue angioplasty with conservative management of patients with early failure of thrombolysis for acute anterior myocardial infarction. Circulation 1994; 90: 2280-2284. - 62. Madsen JK, Grande P, Saunamaki K, et al. Danish multicenter randomized study of invasive versus conservative treatment in patients with inducible ischemia after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (DANAMI). DANish trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1997; 96: 748-755. - 63. Caracciolo EA, Davis KB, Sopko G, et al. Comparison of surgical and medical group survival in patients with left main coronary artery disease. Long-term CASS experience. Circulation 1995; 91: 2325-2334. - 64. Davis KB, Chaitman B, Ryan T, et al. Comparison of 15-year survival for men and women after initial medical or surgical treatment for coronary artery disease: a CASS registry study. Coronary Artery Surgery Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 1000-1009. - 65. Roffi M, Chew DP, Mukherjee D, et al. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors reduce mortality in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2001; 104: 2767-2771. - 66. Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA, et al. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1879-1887. - 67. Conaway DG, O’Keefe J H, Reid KJ, Spertus J. Frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96: 363-365. - 68. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39 (2 Suppl 1): S1-S266. - 69. Keeley EC, Kadakia R, Soman S, et al. Analysis of long-term survival after revascularization in patients with chronic kidney disease presenting with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 509-514. - 70. Keeley EC, McCullough PA. Coronary revascularization in patients with end-stage renal disease: risks, benefits, and optimal strategies. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2003; 4: 125-130. - 71. Anavekar NS, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1285-1295. - 72. Gottlieb SS, McCarter RJ, Vogel RA. Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 489-497. - 73. Tonelli M, Moye L, Sacks FM, et al. Effect of pravastatin on loss of renal function in people with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 1605-1613. - 74. McCullough PA, Sandberg KR, Borzak S, et al. Benefits of aspirin and beta-blockade after myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am Heart J 2002; 144: 226-232. - 75. McCullough PA, Sandberg KR, Yee J, Hudson MP. Mortality benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors after cardiac events in patients with end-stage renal disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2002; 3: 188-191. - 76. Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Remuzzi G. ACE inhibitors to prevent end-stage renal disease: when to start and why possibly never to stop: a post hoc analysis of the REIN trial results. Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 2832-2837. - 77. Januzzi JL, Cannon CP, DiBattiste PM, et al. Effects of renal insufficiency on early invasive management in patients with acute coronary syndromes (The TACTICS-TIMI 18 Trial). Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 1246-1249. - 78. Januzzi JL Jr, Snapinn SM, DiBattiste PM, et al. Benefits and safety of tirofiban among acute coronary syndrome patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency: results from the Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) trial. Circulation 2002; 105: 2361-2366. - 79. Lindahl B, Andren B, Ohlsson J, et al. Noninvasive risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease: exercise test and biochemical markers. FRISC Study Group. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80: 40E-44E. - 80. Lindahl B, Andren B, Ohlsson J, et al. Risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease. Additive value of troponin T determinations and pre-discharge exercise tests. FRISK Study Group. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 762-770. - 81. Farkouh ME, Smars PA, Reeder GS, et al. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1882-1888. - 82. Aroney CN, Dunlevie HL, Bett JH. Use of an accelerated chest pain assessment protocol in patients at intermediate risk of adverse cardiac events. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 370-374. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_08_210403/aro10527_fm.html - 83. Lewis HD Jr, Davis JW, Archibald DG, et al. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 396-403. - 84. Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1369-1375. - 85. Cohn PF. Concomitant use of nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers for optimal antianginal therapy. Clin Cardiol 1994; 17: 415-421. - 86. Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. The RISC Group. Lancet 1990; 336: 827-830. - 87. Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494-502. - 88. Antman EM, Cohen M, Radley D, et al. Assessment of the treatment effect of enoxaparin for unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. TIMI 11B-ESSENCE meta-analysis. Circulation 1999; 100: 1602-1608. - 89. Goodman S, Langer A, Demers C, et al. One year follow-up of the ESSENCE trial (enoxaparin vs heparin in unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction): sustained clinical benefit. Can J Cardiol 1998; 14 (suppl F): 122F. - 90. Oler A, Whooley MA, Oler J, Grady D. Adding heparin to aspirin reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction and death in patients with unstable angina. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1996; 276: 811-815. - 91. Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1488-1497. - 92. Bhatt DL, Topol EJ. Current role of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2000; 284: 1549-1558. - 93. Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. II. Unstable angina, heart failure, primary prevention with aspirin, and risk factor modification. JAMA 1988; 260: 2259-2263. - 94. Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S, et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 57-65. - 95. Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: a method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA 2000; 284: 835-842. - 96. Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP, et al. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 447-452. - 97. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309-1321. Epub 2003 Mar 31. - 98. National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, The Chronic Disease Alliance of Non-government organisations, and Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. National Guide to a preventive health assessment in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Melbourne: RACGP, 2005. - 99. Strengthening cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: a guide for health professionals. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Available at: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/ind1syn.htm (accessed Oct 2005). - 100. Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, et al. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002; 105: 1897-1903. - 101. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999; 354: 447-455. - 102. Bunker SJ, Colquhoun DM, Esler MD, et al. “Stress” and coronary heart disease: psychosocial risk factors. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 272-276. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_06_170303/bun10421_fm.html - 103. Gregoratos G, Abrams J, Epstein AE, et al. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines). Circulation 2002; 106: 2145-2161. - 104. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2140-2150. - 105. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 225-237. Publication of your online response is subject to the Medical Journal of Australia's editorial discretion. You will be notified by email within five working days should your response be accepted.

<urn:uuid:b3fed00c-22f4-4514-93e3-c9c8cd886ef1>

CC-MAIN-2020-40

https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2006/184/8/guidelines-management-acute-coronary-syndromes-2006

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401614309.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200928202758-20200928232758-00321.warc.gz

en

Tá gá le córais chúraim éifeachtacha chun cúram is fearr a sholáthar d'othair a bhfuil siondrómí corónach géarmhíochaine (ACS) orthu, go háirithe i gceantair thuaithe agus iargúlta. Ba cheart go mbeadh córais cúraim bunaithe go réigiúnach, agus go mbeadh naisc foirmiúla acu le lárionaid speisialaithe le haghaidh comhairliúcháin agus aistriú idirospidéal géarmhíochaine. Ba cheart go mbeadh comhpháirteanna iomchuí faireacháin, aiseolas agus feabhsú cáilíochta sna córais. Ba cheart go gcuirfí creidimh agus mianta cultúrtha agus pearsanta na n-othair san áireamh i gcinntí cliniciúla maidir le cúram agus aistriú. Tá sé tábhachtach diagnóis oibre tosaigh a bhunú chun treoir a thabhairt do chinnteoireacht chliniciúil. Tá impleachtaí ag sainmhínithe nua ionfartaithe miocárdaí, atá bunaithe go mór ar láithreacht bithmharcóirí cardasacha, maidir le códú agus staidéir eipidéimeolaíocha. Mar sin féin, go cliniciúil ní dhéanann siad difear do tháscaireachtaí le haghaidh teiripe coscála leanúnach. Is féidir le húsáid an ACS Dataset (cuid den Fhéilire Náisiúnta Sonraí Sláinte) sonraí a bhailiú a bhaineann le cur i láthair agus bainistiú ACS a fhéadfar a chur i gcomparáid agus a chomhlánú laistigh de sholáthraithe cúraim sláinte agus idir sholáthraithe cúraim sláinte. Ba cheart do dhaoine a bhfuil comharthaí ACS acu cabhair a lorg go pras agus seirbhísí leighis éigeandála a ghníomhachtú. Is é an riachtanas tosaigh is tábhachtaí ná rochtain a fháil ar dhífhibríleálaí chun bás cardashoird go luath mar thoradh ar arrhythmias in-athraithe a sheachaint. Ba chóir aspirin a thabhairt go luath (ie, ag pearsanra éigeandála nó ambulances) mura bhfuil sé glactha cheana féin nó mura bhfuil sé frith-inmhianaithe. Ba chóir ocsaigin a thabhairt, chomh maith le trínitríat glyceryl agus morphine intravenous de réir mar is gá. Mar a laghad, ba cheart rabhadh a thabhairt do shuíomhanna leighis a fhaigheann othair maidir le hothair atá ag teacht isteach ina bhfuil amhras ard ar ACS go háirithe ionfartacht myocardial le hardú ST- rann (STEMI) nó a bhfuil a riocht neamhsheasmhach. I gcás inarb iomchuí, ba cheart electrocardiogram 12-plód (ECG) a thógáil ar an mbealach agus a tharchur chuig saoráid leighis. I gcás go bhfuil prótacail foirmiúla i bhfeidhm, ba cheart cóireáil réamhospidéal (lena n-áirítear fibrinolysis i gcásanna cuí) a éascú. Is é an ECG an t-aon tástáil a theastaíonn chun othair a roghnú le haghaidh athshruthú éigeandála (teiripe fibrinolytic nó idirghabháil choirnéadach díreach trí chraiceann [PCI]). Ba cheart straitéis athshruthúcháin a chur i bhfeidhm go pras i gcás othair le STEMI a léiríonn laistigh de 12 uair an chloig ó thús na hairíonna iscaimiceacha. Ba cheart tuilleadh breathnithe agus imscrúdaithe a dhéanamh ar othair a bhfuil amhras orthu go bhfuil ACS acu gan ardú ar an ST- rannán ar ECG chun diagnóis eile a dhíothú, stratiú riosca a chumasú agus an straitéis chóireála is oiriúnaí a chinneadh. Ba cheart, i gcás inar féidir, tástáil spreagúil (e. g. tástáil strus) a dhéanamh ar othair a bhfuil leibhéil ECG agus marcóir croí acu gnáth tar éis tréimhse oiriúnach breathnóireachta sula scaoiltear. Ba chóir aspirin agus clopidogrel a thabhairt do gach othar a bhfuil cóireáil athshruthúcháin á dhéanamh orthu le haghaidh STEMI (PCI nó fibrinolysis) mura bhfuil na cóireálacha seo frith-insintithe. Ba chóir cóireáil antithrombin a thabhairt i gcomhcheangal le PCI nó le cóireáil fibrinolytic le gníomhairí fibrinolytic fibrin- sainiúla, ach is rogha é cóireáil antithrombin i gcomhar le streptokinase. Tá sé réasúnta abciximab a úsáid le PCI príomhúil, ach ba cheart coscairí glycoprotein (GP) IIb/ IIIa a sheachaint go ginearálta le dáileoga iomlána nó laghdaithe teiripe fibrinolytic. Tá ról mór ag moill ama (an chéad teagmháil le dochtúir agus cóireáil féideartha PCI nó fibrinolytic) chun an bainistíocht is fearr a chinneadh maidir le STEMI. Go ginearálta, is é PCI an chóireáil is fearr, ar choinníoll gur féidir le cardiologist idirghabhála cáilithe é a dhéanamh go pras i saoráid chuí. I gcoitinne, is é an t-am uasta inghlactha ó thaisbeanadh go dtí an baillón a shúbhrú: Tabhair faoi deara: i gcás othar a thagann go déanach (idir 3 agus 12 uair an chloig tar éis thús na hairíonna) chuig saoráid gan cumas PCI, is iomchuí aistriú a mheas le haghaidh PCI príomhúil má tá inflúchán balún in ann é a bhaint amach laistigh de 2 uair an chloig (a chuimsíonn am iompair). Ba cheart go mbeadh gach saoráid PCI in ann angioplasty a dhéanamh laistigh de 90 nóiméad ó thaispeáint an othair. Ba cheart fibrinolysis a mheas go luath mura bhfuil PCI ar fáil go héasca, go háirithe i gceantair thuaithe agus iargúlta. Nuair a bhíonn moill mhór ar ospidéalú (ie, níos mó ná 30 nóiméad), ba cheart fibrinolysis réamhospidéal a mheas. Ní mholtar ath- inflúid go rialta i gcás othair a léiríonn níos mó ná 12 uair an chloig tar éis dóibh na hairíonna a thosaithe agus atá gan aon chomharthaí agus cobhsaí ó thaobh hemodynamical de. Is iad na fibrinolytics rogha ag gníomhairí fibrinolytic a bhfuil fibrin-shonracha den dara glúin ar fáil mar bolus (ie, reteplase, tenecteplase). Ba cheart na gníomhairí seo a bheith ar fáil sna hionaid go léir ina bhféadfadh fibrinolysis a bheith ag teastáil. Is rogha míchuí é streptokinase i ndothair Aboriginal agus Torres Strait Islander, nó i ndothair a raibh nochtadh roimhe seo acu don druga. Ba cheart a mheas go n-aistreofaí othair a raibh STEMI acu go luath chuig ionad cardála tríú leibhéal a bhfuil áiseanna PCI acu agus a bhfuil nasc acu le háiseanna máinliachta croí. Mura féidir aistriú láithreach a dhéanamh, ba cheart na hothair a aistriú nó a tharchur chomh luath agus is féidir chun measúnú a dhéanamh ar an ngá atá le hath- naiscú (trí PCI nó trí ghreamú seachbhás artery corónach). Ba cheart go ndéanfaí na hairíonna riosca a dhéanamh do gach othar a bhfuil siondróm corónach géarmhíochaine neamh- ST- leatach (NSTEACS) chun cinntí bainistíochta dhíreacha a dhéanamh (féach Stratification riosca le haghaidh critéir stratification). Ba chóir aspirin a thabhairt do gach othar le NSTEACS, mura bhfuil sé frith-insintithe. Ba chóir cóireáil a dhéanamh ar othair ardriosca le NSTEACS le bainistiú míochaine ionsaitheach (lena n-áirítear aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin neamhbhrath nó enoxaparin faoi choirnéalach, tirofiban nó eptifibatide intravenous agus β- bhacóir), agus ba cheart socruithe a dhéanamh le haghaidh angiography corónach agus athshruthú, ach amháin i gcásanna a bhfuil comorbidities tromchúiseacha acu. Ba cheart do othair atá i measc riosca idirmheánach le NSTEACS meastóireacht dhiagnóiseach luatha a dhéanamh orthu agus measúnú breise a dhéanamh orthu chun athchlárú a dhéanamh mar riosca íseal nó ard. Is féidir le hothair ísealriosca le NSTEACS, tar éis tréimhse iomchuí breathnóireachta agus measúnaithe, a scaoileadh ar chóireáil leighis uasghrádúithe le haghaidh leantacha os comhair othair. Sula scaoiltear, ba cheart cóireáil leighis a thosú ar othair le ACS, lena n-áirítear gníomhaire frith- plátaí, β- bhacóir, coscóir einsím tiontaithe angiotensin, stáitín agus teiripeanna eile de réir mar is cuí. Ba cheart defibrillators cardasacha in-imhlánaithe a mheas i gcás roinnt othair a bhfuil feidhmiú ventricular chlé depressed go seasta níos mó ná 6 seachtaine tar éis STEMI, in ainneoin cóireáil leighis is fearr. Ba cheart comhairle a thabhairt do othair maidir le hathruithe ar stíl mhaireachtála a laghdóidh an baol go dtiocfaidh níos mó galair croí corónach (CHD) orthu, lena n-áirítear scoir as caitheamh tobac, cothú, alcól, gníomhaíocht fhisiceach agus rialú meáchain de réir mar is iomchuí. Ba cheart rochtain a bheith ag gach othar ar sheirbhísí cuimsitheacha cosanta leanúnacha agus athshlánúcháin cardasaí, agus ba cheart iad a atreorú go gníomhach chuig na seirbhísí sin. Ba chóir plean gníomhaíochta i scríbhinn a chur ar fáil do gach othar le haghaidh pian toraidh. Is minic a bhíonn dúlagar agus CHD ag maireachtáil le chéile, agus i n-othair le CHD, is dóichí go dtiocfaidh torthaí níos measa ar thorthaí mar thoradh ar bhrú dúlagar. Tá baint ag aonramh sóisialta agus easpa tacaíochta sóisialta le torthaí níos measa freisin. Ba cheart measúnú a dhéanamh ar gach othar le CHD maidir le dúlagar agus leibhéal na tacaíochta sóisialta. Tá na leibhéil fianaise agus na gráid moltaí a úsáidtear sna treoirlínte seo oiriúnaithe ó leibhéil fianaise na Comhairle Náisiúnta um Thaighde Sláinte agus Leighis (NHMRC) le haghaidh idirghabhálacha cliniciúla agus treoirlínte cliniciúla Institiúidí Náisiúnta Sláinte na SA. Is féidir leis na haicmiúcháin seo idirdhealú a dhéanamh idir láidreachtaí moltaí agus na leibhéil fianaise ar a bhfuil siad bunaithe, agus is féidir iad a aicmiú ar moltaí bunaithe ar bhreithiúnas comhthoil a rinne an painéal. Leibhéil fianaise agus gráid mholadh a úsáidtear sna treoirlínte seo RCT = triail randamaithe rialaithe. * Comhairle Náisiúnta um Fhorbairt Sláinte agus um Thaighde Leighis. Treoir maidir le treoirlínte cleachtais chliniciúla a fhorbairt, a chur chun feidhme agus a mheas. Canberra: NHMRC, 1999. † Ó: Institiúidí Náisiúnta Sláinte na Stát Aontaithe. Treoirlínte cliniciúla maidir le róthrom agus murtall a shainaithint, a mheasúnú agus a chóireáil i ndaoine fásta: achoimre feidhmiúcháin. Painéal Saineolaithe ar Aithint, Measúnú agus Cóireáil Trom Throm i mBéagóirí. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 899-917. Áirítear ar shiondrómí corónach géar (ACS) speictream leathan de chur i láthair cliniciúil, a chlúdaíonn ionfartacht myocardial ST-tarraingthe, trí patrún luathaithe angina gan fianaise ar myonecrosis.1 Le chéile, is ionann iad agus ceann de na cúiseanna is coitianta le cur isteach leighis géar ar ospidéil na hAstráile. Tá na treoirlínte reatha maidir le bainistiú ACS a bhfuil ardú ST-chomhroinnte agus ACS nach bhfuil ardú ST-chomhroinnte, forbartha ag grúpa oibre comhpháirteach de chuid National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHFA) agus an Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Is é is aidhm leis na treoirlínte seo faisnéis choimhthíocha faoi láthair maidir le diagnóis agus bainistíocht ACS a ionchorprú i sraith moltaí a shainmhíníonn teorainneacha na cúraim is fearr. Tá na treoirlínte ag leathnú ar threoirlínte roimhe seo2,3 trí mholtaí a chomhdhlúthú maidir le bainistiú ionfartaic miocárdaí ardú ST-chomhroinne (STEMI), ionfartaic miocárdaí neamh-ardú ST-chomhroinne agus angina neamhsheasmhach, chomh maith le forbairtí níos nuaí a tháinig chun cinn ó threoirlínte roimhe seo, Bainistiú angina neamhsheasmhach 20003 (agus forlíontaí, ar fáil ag: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au) agus Teiripe Athshruthaithe le haghaidh ionfartaic miocárdaí géar (2002). Soláthraíonn na treoirlínte nua seo creat ginearálta le haghaidh cleachtas oiriúnach, a leanfar faoi réir breithiúnais chliniciúil i ngach othar aonair. Tá siad dírithe go príomha ar dhochtúirí i dtimpeallacht ospidéil (dochtúirí éigeandála, dochtúirí ginearálta, dochtúirí tuaithe agus cairdíolaithe) a bhainistíonn othair le ACS, ach tá faisnéis ábhartha ann freisin do dhochtúirí ginearálta agus do dhaoine eile, lena n-áirítear pearsanra na mbruithneachta. Tá na treoirlínte ceaptha chun faisnéis a sholáthar chun cuidiú le cinnteoireacht, agus tá siad bunaithe ar an bhfaisnéis is fearr a bhí ar fáil go dtí Meán Fómhair 2005. Ba cheart a thuiscint gur gá an comhthéacs ina ndéantar trialacha cliniciúla agus an timpeallacht áitiúil ina ndéantar an cleachtas a chur i gcrích a chur san áireamh i gcónaí agus bonn fianaise na dtreoirlínte á mheas agus, uaireanta, a gcur i bhfeidhm áitiúil á measúnú. Léiríonn na treoirlínte nua seo comhcheangal áitiúil ar an bhfianaise is déanaí lena n-áirítear treoirlínte idirnáisiúnta le déanaí. I gcás ina bhfuil sé ábhartha, léirigh an fhianaise i ndáil leis an gcomhthéacs na hAstráile ina gcuirfear na treoirlínte chun feidhme. Beidh an cumas treoirlínte dea-chleachtais a chur i bhfeidhm chun ACS a bhainistiú ag brath ar acmhainní agus ar chórais cúraim áitiúla. Tá an treoir seo a leanas ar fáil chun cuidiú le cleachtóirí agus le heagraíochtaí na córais cúraim is éifeachtaí a éascú do na pobail a bhfuil siad ag freastal orthu. Tá gá le córais cúraim chomhoibritheacha chun ACS a bhainistiú go héifeachtach chun a chinntiú go mbeidh rochtain ag othair ar na seirbhísí a theastaíonn uathu i bhfréam ama atá comhréireach lena riocht cliniciúil agus le tairbhe féideartha na gcóireálacha atá ar fáil i lárionaid níos mó nó speisialaithe. Is iad na prionsabail threoirlínte chun na córais seo a fhorbairt ná cothrom rochtain, cothromaíocht cúraim agus cúram bunaithe ar fhianaise, agus roghanna na n-othair á gcur san áireamh. Ba cheart go mbeadh córais cúraim bunaithe go réigiúnach, go foirmiúil seachas go ad-hoc, agus ba cheart go gcumhdaigh siad leanúnachas cúraim ón gcéad phointe a thaispeántar do ghairmí sláinte go cúram agus athshlánú críochnaitheach. Ba cheart go mbeadh an fhreagracht as na córais seo a bhunú ar leibhéal an bhord nó ar leibhéal feidhmiúcháin laistigh de sheirbhísí sláinte. Is féidir leis an gcóras a bheith ina chóras chun an t-ábhar a chur ar fáil do na daoine a bhfuil gá leo a bheith ar an eolas faoi na cúiseanna a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis a bhaineann leis an gcúis. faireachán ar chaighdeán, amhail an t-am go dtí cóireálacha agus torthaí sonracha. Beidh struchtúr na gcóras seo éagsúil ag brath ar ghnéithe na réigiúin ina bhfuil siad suite. I suíomh mórthrópail, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh socruithe ag ospidéal gan acmhainní idirghabhála corónach trí-chraiceann (PCI) le saoráid áitiúil atá in ann PCI a aistriú go tráthúil d'othair roghnaithe. I suíomh tuaithe nó iargúlta, is gnách go mbíonn an córas i bhfad níos casta agus baineann sé le cógairí ginearálta nó le lárionaid sláinte pobail, soláthraithe cúraim réamhospidéal, seirbhísí aisghabhála (mar Careflight, Seirbhís Fhorghabhála Éigeandála do Dhaoine Fásta agus Comhordaithe, Seirbhís Leighis na Breataine Ríoga), agus ospidéil atreoraithe réigiúnacha agus mhótharthrópaí. Ba cheart na córais a chur in oiriúint do riachtanais réigiún. líneí cumarsáide soiléire (e.g. pointí teagmhála aonair le haghaidh comhairliúcháin nó atreoraithe agus comhordú aistrithe idirospidéil géarmhíochaine; tá an chomhpháirt comhairliúcháin thar a bheith tábhachtach toisc go bhfuil buntáistí roinnt cóireálacha le haghaidh ACS ag brath ar am, agus dá bhrí sin tá cinneadh luath ríthábhachtach); prótacail shoiléir triage nuair is iomchuí, ag aithint nach bhféadfadh an t-ospidéal is gaire a bheith an ceann is oiriúnaí i ngach cás (is féidir algaratóirí a fhorbairt chun cinntí a threorú maidir leis an bpríomh-chríochfort is fearr do othair); Ba cheart go mbeadh an t-aistriúchán ar an eolas ar an bpróiseas a fheabhsú agus a chur san áireamh i dtionscadal a bhfuil an t-ábhar aige. prótacail cóireála comhaontaithe, le próisis chun fáil ar dhrugaí a éascú más gá; prótacail agus próisis aontú maidir le haistriú idirospidéal géarmhíochaine; faireachán ar cháilíocht na gclár, lena n-áirítear anailís ar imeachtaí díobhálacha agus ar bhriseadh síos ar an gcóras; ceannairí sainaitheanta (is féidir iad seo a tharraingt ó gach cearn den chóras, ach ba cheart do na ceannairí a bheith freagrach go comhpháirteach as faireachán a dhéanamh ar an gcóras, oideachas agus aiseolas a sholáthar, feabhsuithe ar an gcóras a fhorbairt más gá, socruithe a éascú le heagraíochtaí seachréigiúnacha ábhartha agus gníomhú mar labhraí poiblí don chóras); agus úinéireacht na gcóras bunaithe ag leibhéal sinsearach laistigh de bhainistíocht ospidéil nó seirbhísí sláinte. Uaireanta, féadfaidh an bealach cúraim a mholadh go n-aistrítear othair óna bpobal nó óna réigiún áitiúil go ionad i bhfad i gcéin. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh cúiseanna láidir pearsanta nó cultúrtha ann a fhágann go bhfuil sé seo deacair nó neamh- inghlactha do roinnt othair. Ba cheart gach iarracht a dhéanamh na bacainní seo a shárú trí mhíniú agus plé iomchuí, rannpháirtíocht bhaill teaghlaigh agus phobail agus aistriú tosaíochta chuig ionaid a bhfuil cláir agus acmhainní sonracha acu do ghrúpaí cultúrtha ábhartha (e.g., Oifigigh Idirchaidrimh Aboriginal). I gcás ina bhfuil an t-aistriú ag teacht chun cinn, ba cheart go mbeadh an t-aistriú sin mar chuid de chur chun cinn na n-aistriúcháin a dhéantar ar bhonn na n-aistriúcháin a rinneadh i gcomhréir leis an Rialachán seo. Áirítear leis sin dul i gcomhairle le speisialtóirí. Tá ráta ard ACS ag pobail Aboriginal agus Oileánach Sráid Torres, agus tá rátaí idirghabhála níos ísle agus torthaí níos measa ná daoine neamh-Thírdhúchasacha.4 Tá na cúiseanna leis seo casta agus áirítear bacainní ar rochtain ar chúram sláinte agus difríochtaí teanga agus cultúrtha. Chun torthaí a uasmhéadú do dhaoine dúchasacha, tá gá le córais cúraim a aithníonn na fachtóirí seo i gceantair mhórthiopailí agus i gceantair thuaithe agus i gceantair iargúlta araon. D'fhéadfadh na nithe seo a leanas a bheith i gceist leo: a chur ar fáil ar oideachas agus ar fhaisnéis atá oiriúnach ó thaobh cultúir de do othair Thírdhíorthacha agus dá dteaghlaigh trí oibrithe sláinte Thírdhíorthacha agus oifigigh teagmhála ospidéil; agus Beidh an t-údarás inniúil freagrach as an gcúram a chur ar na daoine a bhfuil an t-údarás inniúil aige. Tá gá le córais chúraim éifeachtacha chun cúram is fearr a sholáthar do dhaoine le ACS, go háirithe i gceantair thuaithe agus iargúlta. Ba cheart córais cúraim a bheith bunaithe go réigiúnach, le naisc foirmiúla le lárionaid speisialaithe le haghaidh comhairliúcháin agus aistriú idirospidéal géarmhíochaine. Ba cheart go mbeadh comhpháirteanna iomchuí faireacháin, aiseolas agus feabhsú cáilíochta sna córais. Ba cheart go gcuirfí creidimh agus mianta cultúrtha agus pearsanta na n-othair san áireamh i gcinntí cliniciúla maidir le cúram agus aistriú. - Ceann. Chew D, Allan R, Aroney C, Sheerin N. Eileamaintí sonraí náisiúnta le haghaidh bainistíocht chliniciúil siondromaí corónach géar. Med J Aust 2005; 182 (9 Suppl): S1-S16. <Text iomlán MJA> - Dhá. Fondúireacht Náisiúnta an Chroí na hAstráile. Teiripe athshruthúcháin le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar (2002). Ar fáil ag: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au/index.cfm?page=35 (roinnt Feabhra 2006). - Trí. An National Heart Foundation of Australia, Cumann Chardia na hAstráile agus na Nua-Shéalainne. Cóireáil angina neamhsheasmhach. Treoirlínte 2000. Med J Aust 2000; 173 (8 Suppl): S65-S88. - Ceathrar. Coory MD, Walsh WF. Tá rátaí idirghabhálacha corónach percutaneous agus máinliacht seachbhás tar éis ionfartaigh mhíocairdíochta i n-othair Thírdhíortha. Med J Aust 2005; 182: 507-512. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/182_10_160505/coo10081_fm.html - Cúig. Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bass agus JP. Athshainmhíníodh ionfhabhtú myocardial doiciméad comhchoiteann de chuid an Choiste Comhpháirteach de chuid an Shochaí Eorpaigh Cardiology/Coláiste Meiriceánach Cardiology chun athshainmhínithe a dhéanamh ar ionfhabhtú myocardial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 959-969. - Sé. Sonraíocht an tsraith sonraí siondróm corónach géar (cliniciúil). Tá sé ar fáil ag: http://meteor.aihw.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/284654 (roinnt a rinneadh i Meitheamh 2005). - Seacht. Tierney WM, Fitzgerald J, McHenry R, et al. Meastacháin dochtúirí ar an dóchúlacht go dtarlódh ionfhabhtú myocardial i ndaoine a bhfuil pian toraidh acu i seomraí éigeandála. Med Decis Making 1986; 6: 12-17. - 8. - Tá sé. Lee H, Bahler R, Park OJ, et al. Comharthaí tipiciúla agus neamh-tipiciúla ionfartaithe miocardaigh i measc Mheiriceánaigh Afracacha, bán, agus Cóiré. Clíne North Am 2001; 13: 531-539. - Naoi. Hamm CW, Ravkilde J, Gerhardt W, et al. An luach prognóiseach de T- troponin serum i angina neamhsheasmhach. New Engl J Med 1992; 327: 146-150. - Déag. Volpi A, Cavalli A, Santoro L, Negri E. Incidence and prognosis of early primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nellInfarto Miocardico (GISSI-2) database. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 265-271. - 11. - Tá sé. Gupta R, Birnbaum Y, Uretsky BF. An t-othar duáin le galar ar an artéar corónach: coincheapa agus dúshláin reatha. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1343-1353. - 12. - Tá sé. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. Treoirlínte ACC/AHA maidir le bainistiú othair a bhfuil ionfartacht miocardaigh ST-Éire: tuarascáil ó Thascfhórsa na gColáiste Mheiriceá Cardiology/American Heart Association ar Threoirlínte Cleachtais (Comité chun Treoirlínte 1999 maidir le Bainistíocht Othar a bhfuil ionfartacht miocardaigh go géar acu a athbhreithniú). An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbia-earraí - 13. - Tá sé. Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/ AHA 2002 treoirlínte nuashonraithe le haghaidh bainistiú othair le angina neamhchobhsaí agus ionfartacht myocardial neamh-ST-tarraingthe achoimre ar alt: tuarascáil ó fhoireann tasc an Choláiste Mheiriceá Cardiology/ American Heart Association ar threoirlínte cleachtais (Comité um Bhainistiú Othar le Angina neamhchobhsaí). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 1366-1374. - Ceithre bliana déag. Grúpa Comhoibritheach na Trialaithe Teiripe Fibrinolytic (FTT). Tásca le haghaidh teiripe fibrinolytic i mhianfartacht miocardach géarmhíochaine a amhras: forbhreathnú comhoibritheach ar thorthaí báis luath agus mór- morbidity ó gach triail randamach de níos mó ná 1000 othar. Lancet 1994; 343: 311-322. - 15. - Tá sé. Éifeachtúlacht cóireála thrombolytic intravenous i n-infarct miocárdaigh ghéar. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI). Lancet 1986; 1: 397-402. - 16. - Tá sé. Trialach randamach de streptokinase intravenous, aspirin ó bhéal, an dá rud, nó gan aon cheann acu i measc 17 187 cás de ionfhabhtú miocárdais géarmhíochaine amhrasta: ISIS-2. Grúpa Comhoibrithe ISIS-2 (An Dara Staidéar Idirnáisiúnta ar Fhuláthar Infarct). Lancet 1988; 2: 349-360. - 17. - Tá sé. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Zijlstra F, et al. Am ó thús na hairíonna go dtí an baillón agus bású i n-othair le miocárdaigh mhéar- ionfhabhtú a chóireáiltear le angioplasty bunscoile. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 991-997. - 18. - Tá sé. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Ottervanger JP, Antman EM. Am a dhéantar an cóireáil a mhoilliú agus bás i angioplasty bunscoile le haghaidh ionfartaic miocárdaigh ghéar: tá gach nóiméad de mhoill á chomhaireamh. Saothar 2004; 109: 1223-1225. - 19. - Tá sé. Eagle KA, Guyton RA, Davidoff R, et al; Coiste Tascfhórsa Chardia-Eolaíochta Mheiriceá/Chomhlachas Sláinte Chroí Mheiriceá maidir le Treoirlínte Cleachtais chun Treoirlínte 1999 maidir le Gléasadh Bypass Artery Coronary a Nuashonrú; Cumann Meiriceánach um Gléasadh Thoracic; Cumann na nGléasóirí Thoracic. ACC/AHA 2004 treoirlínte nuashonraithe le haghaidh máinliacht ar thraschur seachbhóthar ar an artéar corónach: achoimre ar an alt. Tuarascáil ó Ghrúpa Tasc an Choláiste Mheiriceá Cardiology/American Heart Association ar Threoirlínte Cleachtais (Comité chun Threoirlínte 1999 maidir le Ghluaiseacht Arthraí Corónach a Nuashonrú). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1146-1154, e213-310. - 20. - Tá sé. Meta- anailís comhoibritheach ar thrialacha randamaithe ar chóireáil frith- phláitéid chun bás, ionfhabhtú miocárdaí agus stróc a chosc i ndíonóirí ardriosca. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86. - 21 bliain. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, et al. I dtrialacha PCI- CURE, léirítear éifeachtaí réamhchóireála le clopidogrel agus aspirin ina dhiaidh sin le cóireáil fhadtéarmach i gcás othair a bhfuil idirghabháil corónach percutaneous á dhéanamh orthu. Lancet 2001; 358: 527-533. - 22. - Tá sé. Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT, et al. Teiripe antiplatelet dúbailte ó bhéal go luath agus go seasta tar éis idirghabháil corónach percutaneous: triail randamaithe rialaithe. JAMA 2002; 288: 2411-2420. - 23. - Tá sé. Patti G, Colonna G, Pasceri V, et al. Trialach randamach ar dhóta ard-uisce clopidogrel chun ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh periprocedural a laghdú i n-othair atá faoi réir idirghabháil corónach: torthaí ó staidéar ARMYDA- 2 (teiripe frith- phláitéil chun damáiste MYocardial a laghdú le linn Angioplasty). An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbonn a bhí ag an gComhphobal Eorpach ar an mbonn. - 24. - Tá sé. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al. Clopidogrel a chur le aspirin agus le teiripe fibrinolytic le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaí le ardú ST- rann. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1179-1189. - 25. - Tá sé. Ag laghdú riosca i ghalair croí 2004. Treoirlínte chun imeachtaí cardashoithíoch a chosc i ndaoine a bhfuil galar croí corónach orthu: National Heart Foundation of Australia agus an Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2004. Ar fáil ag: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au/index.cfm?page=37 (roinnt Feabhra 2006). - 26. de Bono DP, Simoons ML, Tijssen J, et al. Iarsmaí heparin intravenous luath ar shlándáil corónach, méid infarct, agus deacrachtaí bleeding tar éis trombólysis alteplase: torthaí triail randóimeáilte dúbailte dall Ghrúpa Staidéar Comhoibritheach Eorpach. Br Heart J 1992; 67: 122-128. - 27. - Tá sé. Hsia J, Hamilton WP, Kleiman N, et al. Comparáid idir heparin agus aspirin dáileog íseal mar chóireáil chomhlánaithe le gníomhaitheoir plasminóigine fíochán le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdais géar. Imscrúdaitheoirí Trialach Ath-Ionchuir Heparin-Aspirin (HART). N Ingl J Med 1990; 323: 1433-1437. - 28. - Tá sé. Collins R, Peto R, Baigent C, Sleight P. Aspirin, heparin, agus teiripe fibrinolytic i mhian- ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar. N Ingl J Med 1997; 336: 847-860. - 29 bliain. Topol EJ, Neumann FJ, Montalescot G. Straitéis athshruthúcháin is fearr le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 1886-1889. - Tríocha. Montalescot G, Barragan P, Wittenberg O, et al. Inbhuanaitheacht glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa plátaí le stenting corónach le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1895-1903. - 31. - Tá mé. Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA, et al. Comparáid idir angioplasty agus stenting, le abciximab nó gan abciximab, i n-infarct miocárdais géar. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 957-966. - 32. - Tá sé. Topol EJ. Teiripe athshruthúcháin le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh géar le teiripe fibrinolytic nó le teiripe fibrinolytic laghdaithe comhcheangailte agus cosc ar glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa plátaí: an triail randamaithe GUSTO V. Lancet 2001; 357: 1905-1914. - 33. - Tá mé. Trialach cliniciúil ag comparáid angioplasty corónach bunscoile le gníomhaitheoir plasminóigine fíochán le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdais géar. An Úsáid Domhanda Straitéisí chun Arthraí Corónach a Osclaíodh a Osclaíodh i Síndróimí Corónach Ghoirt (GUSTO IIb) Imscrúdaitheoirí Fo-Shocrúcháin Angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1621-1628. - 34. - Tá mé. Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL. An angioplasty bunscoile i gcomparáid le teiripe thrombolytic intravenous le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar: athbhreithniú cainníochtúil ar 23 triail randamaithe. Lancet 2003; 361: 13-20. - 35. - Tá sé. Nallamothu BK, Bates ER. Iompraíocht corónach trí chraiceann i gcoinne teiripe fibrinolytic i n-infarct miocárdaigh ghéar: an bhfuil am (beagnach) gach rud? Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 824-826. - 36. - Tá sé. Treoirlínte maidir le hinniúlacht i angioplasty corónach. Cumann Cardiceach na hAstráile agus na Nua-Shéalainne. Tá sé ar fáil ag: http://www.csanz.edu.au/guidelines/training/Angioplasty_Guidelines.pdf (roinnt i Meitheamh 2005). - 37 . Magid DJ, Calonge BN, Rumsfeld JS, et al. Caidreamh idir tomhas angioplasty bunscoile san ospidéal agus básmhaireacht i gcás othair le MI géar a chóireáladh le angioplasty bunscoile i gcomparáid le teiripe thrombolytic. JAMA 2000; 284: 3131-3138. - 38 . Widimsky P, Budesinsky T, Vorac D, et al. Iompar fad-achair le haghaidh angioplasty bunscoile vs thrombolysis láithreach i n-infarct miocárdaigh ghéar. Torthaí deiridh an triail illárnach náisiúnta randamach PRAGUE-2. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 94-104. - 39 bliain. Andersen HR, Nielsen TT, Rasmussen K, et al. Comparáid idir angioplasty corónach agus teiripe fibrinolytic i n-infarct miocárdaigh ghéar. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 733-742. - 40 bliain. Steg PG, Bonnefoy E, Chabaud S, et al. Tionchar an ama chun cóireála ar bháis tar éis fibrinolysis réamhospidéal nó angioplasty bunscoile: sonraí ó thriail chliniciúil randamach CAPTIM. An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbille. - 41. - Tá mé. Van de Werf F, thar ceann imscrúdaitheoirí PCI ASSENT-4. ASSENT-4 PCI: measúnú ar shábháilteacht agus ar éifeachtúlacht straitéis nua cóireála le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar. Comhdháil CES 2005: Gearrthóg 2578. Tá sé ar fáil ag: http://www.escardio.org/NR/rdonlyres/DDD650CD-3EF8-4001-8B00-EB6255935752/0/Van_De_Werf_FP2578.pdf (rochtana i Meán Fómhair 2005). - 42 bliain. Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML. Cóireáil thrombolytic luath i n-infarct miocárdaigh géarmhíochaine: athmheasúnú ar an uair órga. Lancet 1996; 348: 771-775. - 43. - Tá mé. Staidéar Measúnaithe Déanach ar éifeachtacht thrombolytic (LATE) le alteplase 624 uair tar éis ionfhabhtú géarmhíleach myocardial. Lancet 1993; 342: 759-766. - 44. - Tá sé. Schomig A, Mehilli J, Antoniucci D, et al. Athshruth meicniúil i gcás othair a bhfuil ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar acu a tharla níos mó ná 12 uair ó thús na hairíonna: triail randamaithe rialaithe. JAMA 2005; 293: 2865-2872. - 45 bliain. Páipéar plé NACCHO Trombólysis. Canberra: Eagraíocht Sláinte Náisiúnta faoi Rialú an Phobail Aboriginal, 2001. - 46 bliain. Kelly AM, Kerr D, Patrick I, Walker T. Uaireanta glaonna go dtí an tsnáthaid le haghaidh thrombólysis i n-infarct miocárdaigh géar i Victoria. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 381-385. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_08_210403/kel10643_fm.html - 47. - Tá sé. Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC, et al. Mórtacht agus trombólis réamhospidéal le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar: meta- anailís. JAMA 2000; 283: 2686-2692. - 48. - Tá sé. Ong MA, Weeramanthri TS. Amanna moill agus bainistíocht ionfartaic mhiocárdaigh ghéar i ndaoine dúchasacha agus neamh-Dúchasacha sa Tuaisceart. Med J Aust 2000; 173: 201-204. - 49. - Tá sé. Grzybowski M, Clements EA, Parsons L, et al. Sochar báis a bhaineann le revascularisation láithreach ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh méadaithe ST géarmhíochaine i ndíoltóirí a bhfuil contraindications acu le teiripe thrombolytic: anailís ar an gcothabháil. JAMA 2003; 290: 1891-1898. - Fichead. Beggs AD, Al-Rawi H, Parfitt A. Pléasanna neirbhíseacha agus pian toraidh. Lancet 2005; 365: 1514. - 51. - Tá sé. Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, et al. Ath- chriosú luath i n-infarct miocárdaigh géarmhíochaine a rinne shock cardiaca a bheith deacair. Imscrúdaitheoirí SHOCK. Ba chóir dúinn revascularize emergently coróinchairteanna oclude le haghaidh Shoc Cardiogenic. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 625-634. - 52. - Tá sé. Prasad A, Lennon RJ, Rihal CS, et al. Torthaí othar aosta le shock cardiaca a chóireáladh le revascularization percutaneous luath. Am Heart J 2004; 147: 1066-1070. - 53. - Tá sé. Tinecteplase bolus aonair i gcomparáid le alteplase a bhfuil ualach tosaigh air i n-infarct miocardach géarmhíochaine: an triail randamaithe dúbailte-dhall ASSENT-2. Measúnú ar Shábháilteacht agus ar éifeachtacht imscrúdaitheoirí Trombóiliceacha Nua. Lancet 1999; 354: 716-722. - 54. - Tá sé. Comparáid idir reteplase agus alteplase i gcás ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar. An Úsáid Domhanda Straitéisí chun Arthraí Corónach a Osclaíodh a Osclaíodh (GUSTO III) Imscrúdaitheoirí. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1118-1123. - 55 bliain. Trialach randamach idirnáisiúnta ag comparáid ceithre straitéis thrombolytic le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar. Na imscrúdaitheoirí GUSTO. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 673-682. - 56. - Tá sé. HD Bán, Barbash GI, Califf RM, et al. Aois agus toradh le teiripe thrombolytic comhaimseartha. Torthaí an thriail GUSTO-I. Úsáid Domhanda Streptokinase agus TPA le haghaidh Trialach ar Artíreacha Corónachta. Saotharú 1996; 94: 1826-1833. - 57. - Tá sé. Éifeachtúlacht agus sábháilteacht tenecteplase i gcomhcheangal le enoxaparin, abciximab, nó heparin neamhchroite: an triail randóime ASSENT-3 i n-infarct miocárdais géar. Lancet 2001; 358: 605-613. - 58. - Tá sé. Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, et al. Éascaíonn Abciximab luas agus méid thrombolysis: torthaí an thrombolysis i dtrialach infarction myocardial (TIMI) 14. Na Timí 14 Imscrúdaitheoirí. Díoladh 1999; 99: 2720-2732. - 59. - Tá sé. Urdahl KB, Mathews JD, Currie B. Frith-aghaidh-streptokinase agus friotaíocht streptokinase i bpobal Aboriginal i dTuaisceart na hAstráile. Aust N Z J Med 1996; 26: 49-53. - Seasca. Vetrano A, Carotenuto R, Corsini F, et al. Éifeachtúlacht tirofiban i gcás thrombólysis a theip le linn ionfhabhtú géarmhíleach myocardial. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 914- 916. - 61. - Tá sé. Ellis SG, da Silva ER, Heyndrickx G, et al. Comparáid randamach angioplasty tarrthála le bainistíocht choimeádach d' othair a bhfuil teip luath thrombolysis acu le haghaidh ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh anterior géar. An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbliain 1994 agus an t-athbhreithniú ar an mbliain 1990 - 62. - Tá sé. Madsen JK, Grande P, Saunamaki K, et al. Staidéar randamach il- lárionad sa Danmhairg maidir le cóireáil ionrach i gcomparáid le cóireáil choimeádach i n-othair a bhfuil ischemia inducible acu tar éis thrombolysis in ionfartacht géarmhíochaine myocardial (DANAMI). Trialach na Danmhairge i gCrois Mhiocárdaigh Ghorta. Díoladh 1997; 96: 748-755. - 63. - Tá sé. Caracciolo EA, Davis KB, Sopko G, et al. Comparáid idir maireachtáil an ghrúpa máinliachta agus maireachtáil an ghrúpa leighis i ndaoine a bhfuil galar ar an bpríomh- artery corónach ar chlé acu. Taithí fadtéarmach ag CASS. An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbonn. - 64. - Tá sé. Davis KB, Chaitman B, Ryan T, et al. Comparáid idir maireachtáil 15 bliana d'fhir agus do mhná tar éis cóireáil leighis nó máinliachta tosaigh le haghaidh galar ar an arterial coronar: staidéar clár CASS. Staidéar ar Míchirurgia Artair Corónach. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 1000-1009. - 65. - Tá sé. Roffi M, Chew DP, Mukherjee D, et al. Laghdaíonn coscairí glicopróitéin IIb/ IIIa plátaí bás i ndíbhinní diaibéiteas a bhfuil siondróm corónach géarmhíochaine neamh- ST- roinn- ardaithe acu. An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbille. - 66. - Tá sé. Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA, et al. Comparáid idir straitéisí ionrach luath agus straitéisí coimeádach i ndíonóirí a bhfuil siondróm corónach neamhsheasmhach acu a ndearnadh cóireáil leo leis an gcoscóir glicopróitéin IIb/ IIIa tirofiban. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1879-1887. - 67. - Tá sé. Conaway DG, OKeefe J H, Reid KJ, Spertus J. Tráthúlacht diaibéiteas mellitus neamhdhearbhaithe i n-othair a bhfuil siondróm corónach géar orthu. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96: 363-365. - 68. - Tá sé. Treoirlínte cleachtais chliniciúil K/DOQI maidir le galar ainsealach duáin: meastóireacht, aicmiú agus stratiú. Am J Kidney Dec 2002; 39 (2 Suppl 1): S1-S266. - 69. - Tá sé. Keeley EC, Kadakia R, Soman S, et al. Anailís ar mhaireachtáil fhadtéarmach tar éis ath- chraobhscairt i ndaltaí le galar ainsealach duáin a bhfuil siondromaí corónach géar acu. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 509-514. - Seacht déag. Keeley EC, McCullough PA. Ath-chlaonadh corónach i n-othair a bhfuil galar duáin ag deireadh chéim: rioscaí, tairbhí, agus straitéisí is fearr. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2003; 4: 125-130. - 71. - Tá sé. Anavekar NS, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Caidreamh idir mífheidhm na duáin agus torthaí cardashoithíoch tar éis ionfhabhtú myocardial. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1285-1295. - 72 bliain. Gottlieb SS, McCarter RJ, Vogel RA. Iarmhairt beta- bhac ar bháis i measc othair ardriosca agus ísealriosca tar éis ionfhabhtú miocárdaí. N Ingl J Med 1998; 339: 489-497. - 73. - Tá sé. Tonelli M, Moye L, Sacks FM, et al. Iarsmaí a bhaineann le pravastatin ar chailliúint na feidhme duáin i ndaoine a bhfuil neamhdhóthanacht thréimhseach meánach duáin orthu agus i ndaoine a bhfuil galar cardashoithíoch orthu. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 1605-1613. - 74. - Tá sé. McCullough PA, Sandberg KR, Borzak S, et al. Sochair aspirin agus beta- bhac tar éis ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh i ndíoltóirí le galar ainsealach duáin. Am Heart J 2002; 144: 226-232. - Seacht mbliadhna agus cúig. McCullough PA, Sandberg KR, Yee J, Hudson MP. Sochar i ndáileadh ó inhibitors enzyme angiotensin-converting tar éis imeachtaí cardasacha i ndothair a bhfuil galar duáin ag deireadh chéim acu. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2002; 3: 188- 191. - Seacht seacht. Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Remuzzi G. Inhibitors ACE chun galar duáin deiridh a chosc: nuair a thosaíonn sé agus cén fáth nach féidir é a stopadh: anailís post hoc ar thorthaí thriail REIN. Éifeachtúlacht Ramipril i Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 2832-2837. - 77. - Tá sé. Januzzi JL, Cannon CP, DiBattiste PM, et al. Éifeachtaí neamhdhóthanachta duáin ar bhainistiú ionrach luath i n-othair a bhfuil siondróm corónach géar orthu (The TACTICS- TIMI 18 Trial). Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 1246-1249. - 78. - Tá sé. Januzzi JL Jr, Snapinn SM, DiBattiste PM, et al. Sochair agus sábháilteacht tirofiban i measc othair le siondróm corónach géarmhíochaine le neamhdhóthanacht liath go meánach: torthaí ó thriail Inhibition of Platelet Receptor in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM- PLUS). An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbille. - 79. - Tá sé. Lindahl B, Andren B, Ohlsson J, et al. Tá an t-ábhar a úsáidtear chun an t-ábhar a scriosadh, a scriosadh agus a scriosadh, le haghaidh an t-ábhar a scriosadh, le haghaidh an t-ábhar a scriosadh. Grúpa Staidéir FRISC. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80: 40E-44E. - 80 bliain. Lindahl B, Andren B, Ohlsson J, et al. Sratú riosca i ndroch-bhreoiteacht ar an arterial coronar. Luach breise na dtomhais T-tróipóinín agus tástálacha aclaíochta roimh an scaoileadh. Grúpa Staidéir FRISK. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 762-770. - 81. - Tá sé. Farkouh ME, Smars PA, Reeder GS, et al. Trialach cliniciúil ar aonad faireacháin pian toraidh do othair le angina neamhchobhsaí. Meastóireacht ar Phian sa Chéist sa Seomra Éigeandála (CHEER) Imscrúdaitheoirí. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1882-1888. - 82. - Tá sé. Aroney CN, Dunlevie HL, Bett JH. Úsáid prótacal meastacháin luathaithe pian toraidh i gcás othair a bhfuil riosca idirmheánach acu d' imeachtaí díobhálacha cardasacha. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 370-374. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_08_210403/aro10527_fm.html - 83. - Tá sé. Lewis HD Jr, Davis JW, Archibald DG, et al. Éifeachtaí cosanta aspirin i gcoinne ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh ghéar agus bás i bhfear le angina neamhsheasmhach. Torthaí Staidéar Comhoibritheach Riaracháin Veteran. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 396-403. - 84. - Tá sé. Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirín, sulfinpyrazone, nó an dá rud i nginneas neamhsheasmhach. Torthaí triail il-lárnach Cheanada. N Ingl J Med 1985; 313: 1369-1375. - 85. - Tá mé. Cohn PF. Úsáid chomhthreomhar nítrithe, blocálaithe cainéil chailciam, agus blocálaithe béite le haghaidh teiripe antianginal is fearr. Clin Cardiol 1994; 17: 415-421. - 86 bliain. Baineann an druga seo le rioscaí a bhaineann le h- ionfhabhtú miocárdaí agus bás le linn cóireála le aspirin dáileog íseal agus heparin intravenous i bhfear a bhfuil galar corónach neamhsheasmhach acu. Grúpa RISC. Lancet 1990; 336: 827-830. - 87. - Tá sé. Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, et al. Iarsmaí clopidogrel i dteannta aspirin i n-othair a bhfuil siondróm corónach géar acu gan ardú ar an ST- rann. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494-502. - 88. - Tá sé. Antman EM, Cohen M, Radley D, et al. Measúnú ar éifeacht chóireála enoxaparin i gcás angina neamhsheasmhach/ ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh neamh-Q-wave. Meta-anailís ar TIMI 11B-ESSENCE. Díoladh 1999; 100: 1602-1608. - 89. - Tá sé. Goodman S, Langer A, Demers C, et al. Leathnú ar an ESSENCE ar feadh bliana (enoxaparin vs heparin i ngéarchéim neamhsheasmhach angina / ionfhabhtú miocárdaigh neamh- Q- wave): sochar chliniciúil leanúnach. Can J Cardiol 1998; 14 (supppl F): 122F. - 90. - Tá sé. Laghdaíonn heparin a chur le aspirin an t-ionfhabhtaíocht ionfhabhtú miocárdaí agus bás i ndíoltóirí a bhfuil angina neamhsheasmhach acu. Meta-anailís. JAMA 1996; 276: 811-815. - 91 bliain. Cosc ar an glacadóir glúcópróitéin IIb/ IIIa plátaí le tirofiban i ngéarchéim neamhsheasmhach agus ionfartacht myocardial neamh- Q- wave. Inbhuanaitheacht Glactóirí Plaitéil i mBainistíocht Síndroma Iscaimiceach i dTeaghlaigh atá teoranta ag Soicinní agus Sílimintí neamhchobhsaí (PRISM- PLUS) Staidéar Imscrúdaitheoirí. N Ingl J Med 1998; 338: 1488-1497. - 92 bliain. Bhatt DL, Topol EJ. Ról reatha coscairí glicopróitéin IIb/ IIIa plátaí i siondróimí corónach géar. JAMA 2000; 284: 1549-1558. - 93. - Tá sé. Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Léargas ar thorthaí trialacha cliniciúla randamaithe i ndroch-chroí croí. II. Angina neamhsheasmhach, teip croí, réamhchosaint le aspirin, agus modhú fachtóir riosca. JAMA 1988; 260: 2259-2263. - 94. - Tá sé. Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S, et al. Trialach randamach inslin- glúcóis infusion agus ansin cóireáil inslin faoi chraiceann i n-othair diaibéiticiúla le infarction miocardach géar (DIGAMI staidéar): éifeachtaí ar bháis ag 1 bhliain. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 57-65. - 95. - Tá mé. Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, et al. Scór riosca TIMI le haghaidh angina neamhsheasmhach / MI ardú neamh-ST: modh chun prognóis agus cinnteoireacht teiripeach a dhéanamh. JAMA 2000; 284: 835-842. - 96. - Tá sé. Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP, et al. Comparáid idir heparin ísealmhéid-mholaiméarach agus heparin neamhchroite le haghaidh galar corónach neamhsheasmhach. Éifeachtúlacht agus Sábháilteacht Enoxaparin Fo-chraiceann i nGrúpa Staidéar ar Imeachtaí Corónach Neamh-Q-Wave. N Ingl J Med 1997; 337: 447-452. - 97. - Tá sé. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, blocálaí roghnach aldosterone, i ndothair a bhfuil mífheidhm ventricular chlé acu tar éis ionfhabhtú miocárdaí. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309-1321. Epub 2003 Mar 31. - 98. - Tá sé. Eagraíocht Sláinte Riaraithe Pobail Náisiúnta na dTúthchánaithe, Comhghuaillíocht na nEagraíochtaí Neamhrialtasacha um Ghalair Chronúla, agus Coláiste Ríoga na nAchtana Ginearálta na hAstráile. Treoir Náisiúnta maidir le measúnú sláinte coisctheach i bpobal Aboriginal agus Oileánach Sráide Torres. Melbourne: RACGP, 2005. - 99. - Tá sé. Athshlánú cardashoird agus cosc thánaisteach a neartú do Phobail Thuaisceart agus Oileánach Sráide Torres: treoir do ghairmithe sláinte. Comhairle Náisiúnta um Thaighde Sláinte agus Leighis (NHMRC). Tá sé ar fáil ag: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/ind1syn.htm (a bhfuil rochtain air in Oct 2005). - 100. - Tá sé. Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, et al. Cosaint luath i gcoinne bás tobann ag aigéid sailleacha n-3 il-neamhsháithithe tar éis ionfhabhtú miocárdaí: anailís ar thorthaí an Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI) - Prevenzione. Saothar 2002; 105: 1897-1903. - 101. - Tá sé. Forlíonadh aiste bia le aigéid shailleacha n-3 il-neamhsháithithe agus vitimín E tar éis ionfartaic miocárdaigh: torthaí an thriail GISSI-Prevenzione. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999; 354: 447-455. - 102. - Tá sé. Bunker SJ, Colquhoun DM, Esler MD, et al. Stress agus galar croí corónach: fachtóirí riosca síceasacha. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 272-276. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_06_170303/bun10421_fm.html - 103. - Tá mé. Gregoratos G, Abrams J, Epstein AE, et al. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 treoirlínte a nuashonrú maidir le pacemakers croí agus feistí frith-arrhythmia a chur i bhfeidhm: achoimre ar alt. Tuarascáil ón Tascfhórsa um Threoirlínte Cleachtais de chuid Choláiste Mheiriceá na Cardiology/Chomhlachas Sláinte Chroí Mheiriceá (Chomhiste ACC/AHA/NASPE chun Treoirlínte Pacemaker 1998 a Nuashonrú). An t-athbhreithniú ar an mbille - 104. - Tá sé. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, et al. Teiripe athshínchróinithe croí le defibrillator inchuirthithe nó gan é i gcontúirt croí ainsealach chun cinn. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2140-2150. - 105. - Tá mé. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Amiodarone nó cardioverter-defibrillator in-imhlántaithe le haghaidh teip chridhe coimhlánta. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 225-237. Tá foilsiú do fhreagra ar líne faoi réir rogha eagarthóireachta Medical Journal of Australia. Cuirfear in iúl duit trí ríomhphost laistigh de chúig lá oibre má ghlactar le do fhreagra.

Scientific Name: Sphecotheres viridis Figbirds usually nest in groups, with several nests close to each other, high up in the tree canopy. The cup shaped nests are made of vines and twigs and supported by a horizontal fork in the tree branch. These loud birds often feed in flocks of up to 20 and are common around fig trees, as their name suggests. The male figbird has bright red patches around its eyes, a black crown, grey neck and throat, an olive-green back and a white undertail area. The female is a little more drab, with grey skin around the eyes, an olive-brown back and a front that is white streaked with brown. The birds grow to 28 centimetres long. Figbirds are found along the northern and eastern coasts of Australia, from the Kimberley in Western Australia, around to the New South Wales/Victorian border. They favour rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests but can also be found in parks and gardens in built up areas if they have fig or fruit trees. Figbirds love figs, but they will also eat the fruit and berries from other canopy trees. Insects are also eaten. Figbirds breed from December to January, producing 2-3 eggs that are incubated for 18 days. A further 17 days are spent in the nest with both parents helping to incubate and feed the young.

<urn:uuid:7b011eb7-76d8-4d32-ac10-2861180ea43c>

CC-MAIN-2014-42

http://www.reptilepark.com.au/animalprofile.asp?id=220

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414637898226.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025818-00121-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Ainm Eolaíoch: Sphecotheres viridis De ghnáth bíonn na figheolaithe ag neadaíocht i ngrúpaí, agus bíonn roinnt neadaigh gar dá chéile, ard suas i canopy na crainn. Déantar na nead i gcruth cupán de fhine agus de ghrain agus tá forc cothrománach i mbrainse na crainn ag tacú leo. Is minic a itheann na héin mhóra seo i dtrácha suas le 20 agus tá siad coitianta timpeall crainn fíg, mar a thugann a n-ainm le fios. Tá patches dearg geal timpeall a shúile ag an bhfear-fhige, crown dubh, muineál agus throat liath, cúl glas-oilive agus limistéar bán faoi chúl. Tá an baineann beagán níos drab, le craiceann liath timpeall na súl, cúl olive-brún agus tosaigh atá bán streachailt le donn. Fásann na héin go 28 ceintiméadar ar fhad. Tá Figbirds le fáil ar feadh chóstaí thuaidh agus thoir na hAstráile, ó Kimberley in Iarthar na hAstráile, timpeall go dtí teorainn New South Wales / Victoria. Is fearr leo foraoisí báistí agus foraoisí sclerophyll fliuch ach is féidir iad a fháil i bpáirceanna agus i gcarraí i gceantair thógtha má tá fíg nó crainn torthaí acu. Is breá le figheanna fígíní, ach itheann siad torthaí agus bairíní ó chrainn eile a bhfuil clúdach orthu. Déantar insteactaí a ithe freisin. Tá an t-eitleán ag breeding ó mhí na Nollag go mí Eanáir, ag táirgeadh 2-3 uibheacha a chuirtear ar feadh 18 lá. Caitheann siad 17 lá eile sa nead agus an dá thuismitheoir ag cabhrú le na páistí a incubate agus a chothú.

I've borrowed J. R. R. Tolkien's famous subtitle because it so perfectly illustrates the history of Portugal's Dão wine region – a journey from small vineyards to large cooperatives to individual quintas. In early centuries, Dão's wine history took the path common to so many Mediterranean regions. Phoenician traders and Roman invaders brought wine and grapevines to Portugal, correctly assuming the grapes would do well. Cultivation flourished even through the period of Moorish occupation. After the Moors left Portugal, Christian monasteries continued to cultivate the vineyards and make wine. In the 1800's Dão produced most of its wines for the export market; Dão wines were sent to parts of Europe hit hard by phylloxera. In time, phylloxera came to the Dão region; after recovering from this crisis, many growers shifted away from planting touriga nacional, Dão's traditional red wine grape, and experimented with other varieties. Small Vineyards, Large Cooperatives Dão's wine production history diverged from the Mediterranean norm at the end of the 19th century. As phylloxera invaded and wine growers were forced to make changes, Dão growers focused on higher-yielding grapes. Traditionally, Dão growers owned very small plots of land. (In The Wines and Vineyards of Portugal, Portuguese wine expert Richard Mayson compares the size of these plots to a typical back yard.) Amazingly, in most parts of the Dão DO, this is still the case. If you visit the region, you will notice tiny vineyards placed between cultivated fields and tucked into unlikely spaces. Only five percent of the DO's land is actually planted in wine grapes, so you will also see forests and vine-free mountains. When Doctor António de Oliveira Salazar took over Portugal's government in 1932, he set about reforming agriculture, including the wine industry. For the Dão DO, the changes were dramatic. Salazar's government decreed that Dão growers could only sell their grapes to cooperatives, which boxed private wineries out of the Dão market. This situation did not change until Portugal joined the European Union and changed its agricultural laws in accordance with EU mandates. Due to those changes, private firms may now own wineries in the Dão region. In reality, though, most grapes are still sold to local cooperatives. Because of the emphasis on cooperative wineries, Dão growers have had less incentive to exploit the many terroirs in their DO. Happily, this situation is changing; individual winemakers are now focusing on making the most of the unique microclimates, soils and locations within the region. Today Dão winemakers produce not only the DO's well-known reds, but also whites, rosés and sparkling wines. Geography, Soil and Climate The Dão wine region is surrounded on three sides by mountains, which protect the vineyards from the harshest weather. Even so, winters in this DO are cold and rainy, with an average rainfall of 47 inches per year. Summers are hot and dry. The area's rivers, the Dão, Alva and Mondego, flow through valleys, changing microclimates and soils as they flow toward the Atlantic Ocean. Dão's soils tend to be poor, consisting of coarse sandy soil over granite or, in some areas, schist. Most vineyards are planted between 1,300 and 2,300 feet above sea level. The Dão DO is divided into seven sub-regions: Alva, Bestairos, Castendo, Serra da Estrela, Silgueiros, Terras de Azurara and Terras de Senhorim. Dão Grape Varieties Dão growers focus primarily on red wine grapes – 80 percent of Dão vineyards are planted in red grape varieties – but some growers and producers are quite interested in white wines. Encruzado is the main white wine grape planted in the Dão DO. Mavasia fina, bical and cercial are also planted in Dão. Red wine varieties include touriga nacional, jaen, tinta roriz and alfrocheiro preto. Touriga nacional is the most widely planted, but some growers are shifting to other red grape varieties. Visiting Dão Wineries Dão has an official wine route, the Rota do Vinho do Dão ("Dão Wine Route"). You may have difficulty finding information about the wine route before you actually reach Portugal, but, once there, you can get a route map from tourist information offices. Casa de Santar is part of Dão wine history. The estate, family-owned for 13 generations, was one of just a few privately-held wineries that rode out the Salazar agricultural reforms. If you visit, you can tour the 12th-century wine cellars, 18th-century chapel and estate gardens. Contact the winery's tourism partner, Cortes da Beira, by email ([email protected]) for more information. Dão Sul recently bought a controlling interest in Casa de Santar. Quinta de Cabriz, also part of the Dão Sul company, has renovated its estate with tourism in mind. You can buy wines here or enjoy a meal in the on-site restaurant. Sogrape is the largest wine producer in Portugal. Sogrape owns many famous labels, including Sandeman, Ferreira, Mateus, Gazela and Dão's own Grão Vasco. While Sogrape's Dão facilities are known for their state-of-the-art technology and attention to every detail of the winemaking process, the only Sogrape cellars you can visit are in Vila Nova de Gaia, in the heart of port wine country. Several other wineries in Dão participate in the Rota do Vinho do Dão. It's difficult to find current information about visiting these wineries in English outside of Portugal, but you should be able to telephone them to arrange a visit once you're in Portugal.

<urn:uuid:a8ed570d-6ff7-4ce9-8c04-7c05a7f380d1>

CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://www.intowine.com/portugals-d%C3%A3o-wine-region-history-producers-recommendations

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100227.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130130218-20231130160218-00320.warc.gz

en

Tá fo-theideal cáiliúil J. R. R. Tolkien ar iasacht agam mar léiríonn sé go foirfe stair réigiún fíona Dão na Portaingéile - turas ó fíonghort beaga go comharsanachtaí móra go quintas aonair. Sna céadta bliain tosaigh, ghlac stair fíona Dão an bealach a bhí coitianta i go leor réigiún Meánmhara. Thug trádálaithe Phoenician agus ionsaitheoirí Rómhánacha fíon agus fíonchaora go Portaingéile, ag glacadh leis go gceart go mbeadh na fíonchaora go maith. Bhí rath ar an gcultúr fiú le linn thréimhse na n-oifig Mór. Tar éis do na Maoranna an Phortaingéil a fhágáil, lean na manachtairí Críostaí ag cur na fíonghort agus ag déanamh fíona. Sa 19ú haois, tháirg Dão an chuid is mó dá fhíon le haghaidh an mhargaidh onnmhairithe; seoladh fíon Dão chuig codanna den Eoraip a raibh an phylloxera go crua orthu. Le himeacht ama, tháinig phylloxera chuig réigiún Dão; tar éis dóibh a bheith ag teacht ar ais ón ngéarchéim seo, d'athraigh go leor d'fhásóirí ó phlandaíocht touriga nacional, fíonchaor dearg traidisiúnta Dão, agus rinne siad turgnaimh le cineálacha eile. Fíonchaoraí Beag, Comhlachais Mór Bhí stair tháirgeadh fíona Dão difriúil ó ghnáthamh na Meánmhara ag deireadh an 19ú haois. De réir mar a shroich phylloxera agus a cuireadh iallach ar thalmhaitheoirí fíona athruithe a dhéanamh, d'fhócas thalmhaitheoirí Dão ar fhíonchaora níos mó toradh. Go traidisiúnta, bhí plátaí talún an-bheaga ag feirmeoirí Dão. (Sa leabhar The Wines and Vineyards of Portugal, déanann saineolaí fíona na Portaingéile Richard Mayson comparáid idir méid na bplátaí seo agus cúlchúl tipiciúil.) Go hiontach, i bhformhór na n-áiteanna sa Dão DO, is é seo an cás fós. Má thugann tú cuairt ar an réigiún, tabharfaidh tú faoi deara fíonghortáin bheaga atá suite idir páirceanna talmhaithe agus atá tugtha isteach i spásanna nach dócha. Níl ach cúig faoin gcéad de thalamh an DO i ndáiríre ag plandáil fíonchaora fíona, mar sin feicfidh tú foraoisí agus sléibhte gan fíonchaora freisin. Nuair a ghlac an Dochtúir António de Oliveira Salazar rialtas na Portaingéile i 1932, chuir sé tús le hathchóiriú talmhaíochta, lena n-áirítear tionscal an fhíona. Maidir le DO Dão, bhí na hathruithe suntasacha. D'ordaigh rialtas Salazar nach bhféadfaí a gcuid fíonchaora a dhíol ach amháin le comharchumainn, a chuir fíonchlóirí príobháideacha amach as margadh Dão. Níor athraigh an staid seo go dtí gur aontaigh an Phortaingéil leis an Aontas Eorpach agus gur athraigh sí a dlíthe talmhaíochta i gcomhréir le sainordú an AE. Mar gheall ar na hathruithe sin, d'fhéadfadh gnólachtaí príobháideacha a bheith ina úinéirí fíonlanna i réigiún Dão anois. I ndáiríre, áfach, déantar an chuid is mó de na fíonchaora a dhíol go fóill le comharthóireachtaí áitiúla. Mar gheall ar an bhéim a chur ar fhíonlann có-oibreacha, ní raibh níos lú spreagadh ag táirgeoirí Dão chun na terroirs go leor ina DO a shaothrú. Is áthas orainn go bhfuil an staid seo ag athrú; tá fíon-mhonaróirí aonair ag díriú anois ar an leas is fearr a bhaint as na microclimates, na ithir agus na háiteanna uathúla sa réigiún. Sa lá atá inniu ann, ní amháin go ndéanann déantúsóirí Dão fíonta dearga aitheanta an DO a tháirgeadh, ach freisin fíonta bána, rosés agus fíonta spártha. Geografaíocht, ithir agus aeráid Tá na sléibhte timpeall ar réigiún fíona Dão ar thrí thaobh, rud a chosnaíonn na fíonghort ó na aimsir is crua. Mar sin féin, tá geimhreadh sa DO seo fuar agus báisteach, le meán-réitithe 47 orlach in aghaidh na bliana. Tá samhraí te agus tirim. Tá na haibhneacha sa cheantar, an Dão, Alva agus Mondego, ag sruthú trí ghleann, ag athrú microclimates agus ithir agus iad ag sruthú i dtreo an Aigéin Atlantach. Is éard atá i dtalamh Dão ná talún bocht, ina bhfuil ithir chladach garbh thar ghráinéad nó, i roinnt ceantair, sceiste. Tá an chuid is mó fíonghort curtha idir 1,300 agus 2,300 troigh os cionn leibhéal na farraige. Tá DO Dão roinnte ina seacht bhfo-réigiún: Alva, Bestairos, Castendo, Serra da Estrela, Silgueiros, Terras de Azurara agus Terras de Senhorim. Cineálacha Fíonchaor Dão Díríonn táirgeoirí Dão go príomha ar fhíonchaora fíon dearga tá 80 faoin gcéad de fhíonchaora Dão curtha i gcineálacha fíonchaora dearga ach tá suim ag roinnt táirgeoirí agus táirgeoirí i ngloine bán. Is é Encruzado an príomhghinbhliain fíona bán a fhástar sa DO Dão. Tá Mavasia fina, bical agus cercial curtha i Dão freisin. I measc na cineálacha fíona dearga tá touriga nacional, jaen, tinta roriz agus alfrocheiro preto. Is é Touriga nacional an cineál fíonchaor is mó a fhástar, ach tá roinnt táirgeoirí ag aistriú go cineálacha fíonchaor dearga eile. Ag tabhairt cuairt ar Fhineolaí Dão Tá bealach fíona oifigiúil ag Dão, an Rota do Vinho do Dão ("Route Fíona Dão"). D'fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh sé deacair duit faisnéis a fháil faoin mbealach fíona sula sroicheann tú an Phortaingéil i ndáiríre, ach, nuair a bhíonn tú ann, is féidir leat léarscáil an tslí a fháil ó oifigí faisnéise turasóireachta. Tá Casa de Santar mar chuid de stair fíona Dão. Bhí an t-eastát, ar mhaoin teaghlaigh é ar feadh 13 ghlúin, ar cheann de na fíonchistí príobháideacha beag a d'éirigh leis na hathchóirithe talmhaíochta Salazar. Má thugann tú cuairt air, is féidir leat cuairt a thabhairt ar na seilfeanna fíona ón 12ú haois, ar an séipéal ón 18ú haois agus ar ghairdín an oighir. Déan teagmháil le comhpháirtí turasóireachta an fhíonaí, Cortes da Beira, trí ríomhphost ([email protected]) le haghaidh tuilleadh faisnéise. Cheannaigh Dão Sul sciar rialaithe i Casa de Santar le déanaí. Tá Quinta de Cabriz, atá mar chuid den chuideachta Dão Sul, tar éis a oidhreacht a athchóiriú le turasóireacht san áireamh. Is féidir leat fíonta a cheannach anseo nó béile a shiúil sa bhialann ar an láthair. Is é Sogrape an táirgeoir fíona is mó sa Phortaingéil. Tá go leor lipéid cáiliúla ag Sogrape, lena n-áirítear Sandeman, Ferreira, Mateus, Gazela agus Grão Vasco Dão féin. Cé go bhfuil na háiseanna Dão Sogrape ar eolas as a dteicneolaíocht is déanaí agus an aird a thugann siad ar gach mionsonraí den phróiseas fíonaithe, is iad na seilfeanna Sogrape amháin is féidir leat cuairt a thabhairt orthu i Vila Nova de Gaia, i gcroílár tír fíona calafort. Glacann roinnt fíonchlóirí eile i Dão páirt sa Rota do Vinho do Dão. Tá sé deacair faisnéis reatha a fháil faoi na fíonchistí seo a chuairteáil i mBéarla lasmuigh de Phortaingéil, ach ba cheart go mbeadh tú in ann glaoch ar an bhfón chun cuairt a chur ar an áit nuair a bheidh tú sa Phortaingéil.

In many economies, having too few banks is a problem. Concentrated banking systems can reduce competition and lead to distortions as a handful of financial institutions become “too big to fail.” In Taiwan, however, the problem is the opposite. There are too many banks relative to the size of the domestic market, leading to excessive competition and low levels of profitability. The current situation can be traced back to decisions made during Taiwan’s financial reform period in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Prior to that, Taiwan’s banking sector was predominantly state-owned and the government exerted significant influence over the allocation of capital through administrative measures on bank lending and regulation of interest rates. The reforms passed during this period permitted the creation of private banks and deregulated interest rates. As a result, the banking sector transformed from a market dominated by a few state-owned banks to one featuring a wide variety of private, semi-private, and state-owned banks. These moves significantly increased competitive pressure within the Taiwanese banking system. Normally, such pressure would lead to consolidation within the banking industry as more successful banks grow larger and acquire smaller rivals. However, the decision to only partially privatize many of the state-owned banks meant that banking consolidation was limited. Instead, competition has often veered in unhealthy directions as banks compete fiercely over deposits and profitability for the industry has sometimes declined to unsustainable levels. The lack of consolidation among banks after Taiwan’s financial reforms has resulted in a banking system that is much less concentrated compared to other economies in the region. Figure 1 shows banking concentration ratios, measured by the top five banks as a share of total banking assets, for several of Asia’s largest financial systems. As the chart shows, Taiwan has the lowest concentration ratio in the group. Figure 1 – Bank Concentration Ratios in Major Asian Economies Source: SNL, Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Taiwanese authorities are well aware of the issues stemming from an overcrowded banking sector. To address the problem, they have focused on two major policy initiatives: promoting bank mergers and encouraging the international expansion of Taiwanese banks. Promoting bank consolidation is a long-standing goal of the Taiwanese regulators and has recently received renewed emphasis. Between September 2004 and October 2015, the Taiwanese banking industry saw 52 bank mergers and the number of domestic banks shrank from 49 to 39. However, many of these mergers were relatively small in size and have done little to reduce fragmentation in the banking industry. To facilitate additional mergers, authorities have recently made amendments to the Banking Act and the Financial Institutions Merger Act. The amendments removed some of the legal and regulatory barriers to consolidation and reduced the costs of mergers. Although these measures will undoubtedly make mergers more attractive, significant barriers remain to large-scale consolidation of the banking sector. Forcing consolidation among the government-controlled banks is difficult due to political opposition and resistance from labor unions. A more likely outcome is mergers between private banks. A second strategy to combat the overbanking problem is to encourage banks to expand their overseas operations. The logic of international expansion is that, given the overcrowded nature and limited profitability of the domestic market, expanding overseas will allow Taiwanese banks to enter new and more lucrative markets. Overseas markets offer access to new customers and reducing the need for Taiwanese banks to engage in unhealthy competition over the relatively small pool of domestic customers. Also, banks that expand their presence overseas often have the opportunity to earn higher net interest margins from their lending activities. The results of Taiwan’s push for banks to expand overseas are notable. Overseas banking assets have grown rapidly in recent years. As of the end of 2015, Taiwanese banks had 131 branches and 38 representative offices overseas, with the largest concentration in mainland China. Foreign operations now also account for a sizable portion of the income of Taiwanese banks. In 2014, the profits of offshore business units (OBUs) and overseas branches expanded by 53 percent and 36 percent, respectively. Figure 2 shows that together these entities accounted for 37 percent of total bank profits. Figure 2 – Profit Contribution of OBUs and Overseas Branches Source: Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) The principal barrier to achieving a healthier financial system in Taiwan is an overcrowded domestic banking sector. The lack of consolidation within the banking industry has prevented banks from achieving economies of scale, leaving banks with thin operating margins and low returns on assets. Taiwanese authorities are seeking to overcome these problems by promoting mergers between banks and encouraging them to expand overseas. The success of these efforts will be crucial to the long-term financial stability of the Taiwanese banking sector. A more comprehensive report on this topic was published in Asia Focus. Please see “Taiwan’s Banking Sector Reforms: Retrospective and Outlook.” For Pacific Exchange Blog updates, subscribe to Asia Program notifications.

<urn:uuid:ecb99722-77f8-4c40-a9b6-88e38fa3ccfa>

CC-MAIN-2017-51

http://www.frbsf.org/banking/asia-program/pacific-exchange-blog/taiwan-banking-sector-reform/amp/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948581033.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20171216010725-20171216032725-00276.warc.gz

en

I go leor geilleagair, is fadhb é go bhfuil an iomarca bainc ann. Is féidir le córais bhaincéireachta tiúchan iomaíocht a laghdú agus dífhortúnú a chur ar bun de réir mar a bhíonn cúpla institiúid airgeadais "too big to fail". Tá an iomarca bainc ann i gcomparáid le méid an mhargaidh intíre, rud a fhágann go bhfuil iomaíocht iomarcach ann agus go bhfuil leibhéil íseal brabúsachta ann. Is féidir an staid reatha a rianú ar ais go cinntí a rinneadh le linn thréimhse athchóirithe airgeadais Taiwan ag deireadh na 1980idí agus go luath sna 1990idí. Roimh sin, bhí earnáil bhaincéireachta Taiwan faoi úinéireacht an stáit den chuid is mó agus bhí tionchar suntasach ag an rialtas ar leithdháileadh caipitil trí bhearta riaracháin ar iasachtú bainc agus rialáil rátaí úis. Na hathchóirithe a glacadh le linn na tréimhse sin lig siad bainc phríobháideacha a chruthú agus rátaí úis neamhrialta. Mar thoradh air sin, d'athraigh an earnáil bhaincéireachta ó mhargadh a raibh cúpla banc faoi úinéireacht an stáit i gceannas air go margadh ina raibh éagsúlacht mhór bainc phríobháideacha, leathphríobháideacha agus faoi úinéireacht an stáit. Tá an méid sin le rá go bhfuil an t-airgeadra atá ag an gCoimisiún ag cur leis an ngnóthas agus ag cur leis an ngnóthas. De ghnáth, bheadh comhdhlúthú laistigh den earnáil bhaincéireachta mar thoradh ar an mbrú sin de réir mar a fhásann bainc níos rathúla níos mó agus a fhaigheann iomaitheoirí níos lú. Mar sin féin, ba chúis leis an gcinneadh go príobháíodh cuid de na bainc faoi úinéireacht an stáit ach go páirteach go raibh an comhdhlúthú baincéireachta teoranta. Ina áit sin, is minic a chuaigh an iomaíocht i dtreo míshláintiúil de réir mar a bhíonn bainc ag dul i gcomórtas go géar ar thaisceanna agus tá brabúsacht an tionscail tar éis titim go leibhéil neamh-inbhuanaithe uaireanta. Tá an easpa comhdhlúite i measc na mbanc tar éis athchóirithe airgeadais Taiwan tar éis córas baincéireachta a bheith i bhfad níos lú tiubhaithe i gcomparáid le geilleagair eile sa réigiún. Taispeánann Figiúr 1 cóimheasanna tiúchan baincéireachta, arna thomhas ag na cúig bhanc is mó mar sciar de shócmhainní baincéireachta iomlána, do roinnt de na córais airgeadais is mó san Áise. Mar a léirítear sa chairt, is é an cóimheas tiúchan is ísle sa ghrúpa atá ag Taiwan. Figiúr 1 Cóimheasanna Tiúchan Bainc i dTithe Móra na hÁise Foinse: SNL, Banc Ceannais Phoblacht na Síne (Taiwan) Tá údaráis Taiwan ar an eolas go maith faoi na saincheisteanna a eascraíonn ó earnáil bhaincéireachta ró-iompórtáilte. Chun dul i ngleic leis an bhfadhb, d'aird siad ar dhá mhór-tionscnamh beartais: cumasc bainc a chur chun cinn agus leathnú idirnáisiúnta bainc Taiwanese a spreagadh. Tá sé mar aidhm le fada ag rialtóirí Taiwanese comhdhlúthú bainc a chur chun cinn agus tá béim athnuaite air le déanaí. I measc na n-eagraíochtaí baincéireachta, ba é an t-ionad baincéireachta an t-ionad baincéireachta is mó a bhí i gceist. Bhí líon mór de na haontaisithe seo, áfach, beag i méid agus ní raibh mórán déanta acu chun an sracfhilleadh sa tionscal baincéireachta a laghdú. Chun cumasc breise a éascú, rinne na húdaráis le déanaí leasuithe ar an Acht Baincéireachta agus ar an Acht um Chomhasú Institiúidí Airgeadais. D'éirigh leis na leasuithe cuid de na bacainní dlíthiúla agus rialála a bhí i gcoinne comhdhlúthú a bhaint agus laghdaigh siad costais na gcomhtháthú. Cé go mbeidh na bearta seo gan amhras ag déanamh na gcomhtháthú níos tarraingtí, tá bacainní suntasacha fós ar chomhdhlúthú ar scála mór ar an earnáil bhaincéireachta. Tá sé deacair comhdhlúthú a fhorchur i measc na mbanc atá faoi rialú an rialtais mar gheall ar fhreasúra pholaitiúil agus friotaíocht ó chomhchoiteanna saothair. Is é an toradh is dóichí ná comhtháthú idir bainc phríobháideacha. Is é an dara straitéis chun dul i ngleic leis an bhfadhb ró-bhancaíochta ná bainc a spreagadh chun a gcuid oibríochtaí thar lear a leathnú. Is é loighic an leathnaithe idirnáisiúnta ná, i bhfianaise nádúr ró-iomlán agus brabúsacht theoranta an mhargaidh baile, go ligfidh leathnú thar lear do bhainc Taiwanese teacht isteach i margaí nua agus níos brabúsaí. Tá an t-airgead seo á chur ar fáil ag an gCoimisiún i gcomhréir le prionsabal na hÚcráine maidir le hinfheistíocht agus le hinfheistíocht a chur ar fáil do bhainc na Síne. Ina theannta sin, is minic a bhíonn deis ag bainc a leathnaíonn a láithreacht thar lear braisle úis líonta níos airde a thuilleamh óna ngníomhaíochtaí iasachta. Tá torthaí an bhrú Taiwan ar bhainc leathnú thar lear suntasach. Tá sócmhainní baincéireachta thar lear tar éis fás go tapa le blianta beaga anuas. I gcás na mbanc Taiwanese, ba cheart go mbeadh an méid sin i gceist le bainc a bhfuil an-tóir orthu. Tá cuid mhór de ioncam na mbanc Taiwanese anois ar oibríochtaí eachtracha freisin. In 2014, leathnaigh brabús na n-aonad gnó amach ón gcósta (OBUanna) agus na ngloine thar lear 53 faoin gcéad agus 36 faoin gcéad, faoi seach. Léiríonn Figiúr 2 go raibh 37 faoin gcéad de na brabúis bhainc iomlána ar láimh ag na heintitis seo le chéile. Figiúr 2 Ranníocaíocht ar bhrabús OBUanna agus brainsí thar lear Foinse: Banc Ceannais Phoblacht na Síne (Taiwan) Is é an príomh-bhac ar chóras airgeadais níos sláintiúla a bhaint amach i Taiwan ná earnáil bhaincéireachta baile atá ró-chruinnithe. Tá an t-ardú ar an gcúram airgeadais ag an gCoimisiún agus ag an gCoimisiún, agus tá sé ag an gCoimisiún, agus ag an gCoimisiún, ag an gCoimisiún agus ag an gCoimisiún. Tá údaráis Taiwan ag iarraidh na fadhbanna seo a shárú trí chomhcheangal idir bainc a chur chun cinn agus iad a spreagadh chun leathnú thar lear. Tá an t-airgeadra atá ag an gCoimisiún ag teacht le soláthar na n-airgeadraí is gá chun an t-airgeadra a chur ar fáil do na Ballstáit. Foilsíodh tuarascáil níos cuimsithí ar an ábhar seo in Asia Focus. Féach Athchóirithe ar an earnáil bhaincéireachta i Taiwan: Athfhéachaint agus Fís. Chun nuashonruithe ar bhlag an Earraigh Pacific a fháil, síntiús a chur le fógraí Chlár na hÁise.

Solve the dot-to-dot puzzle, and reveal a picture ready to color! Who knew dot-to-dots could be this much fun, and educational too? Each puzzle labels the dots with either numbers or letters and focuses on developing sequencing and eye-hand coordination--the skills that help prepare little ones for school. Once they connect the dots correctly, kids can reward themselves by coloring in the picture they helped create. With 64 playful puzzles to solve, developing a "learning is fun" habit comes easy. Get the School Zone Advantage™ today! Fun Features & Big Benefits • 64 pages of colorful drawings and dot-to-dot fun • Golden Scholar Club card for free download • Perforated pages great for individual worksheets • Parent guide inside front cover • More activities to share inside back cover • A great value! Skills: alphabetical order; numerical order; sequencing; eye-hand coordination; fine motor skills; following directions

<urn:uuid:bd4b0ed1-b633-4d06-8224-6ad9694de984>

CC-MAIN-2014-42

http://www.mardel.com/Activity-Zone-Dot-To-Dots.aspx

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414637900160.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025820-00112-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Réitigh an pháisle ponc go ponc, agus nochtfaidh tú pictiúr atá réidh le dathú! Cé a bhí a fhios go bhféadfadh pointe-go-pointe a bheith an-spraoi, agus oideachasúil freisin? Déantar lipéad ar gach píosa le huimhreacha nó le litreacha agus díreofar ar shlícheangal agus ar chomhordaíocht súl-láimhe a fhorbairt - na scileanna a chabhraíonn le páistí a ullmhú don scoil. Nuair a bhíonn na poncanna ceangailte go ceart, is féidir le páistí iad féin a luach saothair trí dathú sa phictiúr a chabhraigh siad a chruthú. Le 64 puzzles spraoi le réiteach, is éasca a bheith ag forbairt an nós "tá foghlaim spraoi". Faigh an School Zone AdvantageTM inniu! Feidhmeanna Suimiúla agus Sochair Mhóra • 64 leathanach de líníochtaí datha agus spraoi pointe go pointe • cárta Chlub an Eolaí Óir le híoslódáil saor in aisce • Leathanaigh phoráilte atá oiriúnach do leathanaigh oibre aonair • Treoir do thuismitheoirí taobh istigh den chlúdach tosaigh • Níos mó gníomhaíochtaí le roinnt taobh istigh den chúlchlúdach • Tá luach mór aige! Scileanna: ord aibítreach; ord uimhriúil; seicheamh; comhordú súl-láimhe; scileanna mótair bheaga; treoracha a leanúint

Student volunteer Anna takes a look at Holy Cross Church in Seend... Holy Cross Church, is a Grade 1 listed church (in 1962), funded by John Stokys and dating from around 1450 with Norman remains to the low west tower. It is the main parish church for Seend village with a rich history. It is built with rubble stone and faced with ashlar. Parchments found about the church give us a general idea of the church around the time of 1500 and the sources in Devizes Museum acrives bring much of it to life. The north aisle (DZSWS:2017.7038) and attached battlemented entrance porch (DZSWS:1985.7366) were also added after the original build but by the original architect. He incorporated a stone crucifix (DZSWS:1986.7224) and cloth merchant’s tools (DZSWS:1985.8283 and DZSWS:1985.8285) which reflect how the village became wealthy at the time, through the wool trade. Additionally the church had a number of gargoyles (DZSWS:1985.7369) which, if slightly worn, are still visible today and an anthropophagus (DZSWS:1985.8284). By 1553, the church tower had three bells fitted. The font, depicted in (DZSWS:2017.5001) dates from (c.1450). It was removed from the church and used as a garden ornament but restored to its rightful home in 1938. There is a mysterious shadow in the shape of a cross above the archway of the nave. Whilst image (DZSWS:1985.8816) shows the archway strangely, it does not show the shadow that can be seen there today. It is thought that it was a figure of Jesus on the cross which survived the English Reformation during the 16th and 17th centuries, but may have been removed to protect the church. However, there are debates on whether this is accurate or not, with other people believing that the shadow was a wall painting of the Crucifixion. Whilst today we are familiar with fairly plain walls in churches, pre-reformation they were often elaborately painted, so this is a possibility. The Civil War of the 17th century resulted in many registers from Baptisms, Marriages and Deaths not being recorded between 1645 and 1651, alongside stained glass windows being broken and taken down in 1648 by William Sumner. However, despite these effects of the Civil War, there was no major disruption and destruction of the church. This is quite remarkable given a major battle at Roundway, just five miles from the village, in 1643. After the Civil War, during the mid-18th century, there were several restorations to help encourage Sunday service attendance. Changes included the installation of pews which were bought and sold with the houses they were owned by (a list of the seats and owners in 1729 gives evidence for this, although it is not held by the museum). A new aisle and gallery on the south side of the church in 1726 (DZSWS:1985.8815) were added to help with the growing congregation and a further gallery was installed in 1797 to accommodate the children attending Sunday School. As with the font (mentioned above) the original pulpit was also removed, but the wooden one was replaced with a stone one (created by Nathaniel Hitch in 1884) and installed Thynne with money left as a bequest to the church. Canon Thynne instigated a number of changes in the 19th century. He increased the number of services being held in the church and raised money to improve the interior. Whilst motives were questioned and improvements took longer than he hoped, eventually much remodelling was done, including the opening of the tower arch and resiting of the organ to a gallery in 1889. The bell tower by now housed six bells dating from 1553, 1636, 1793 and 1880. He oversaw the rebuilding of the chancel in 1875 also the removal of the original pine pews (still found in houses and establishments in the village), replacing them with oak. Much stained glass was added replacing the plain windows added in the 17th century. Annual reports show it was Thynne who introduced the ornate and decorative brass candlesticks in the pews and aisles (DZSWS:1983.7892, DZSWS:1983.7893, DZSWS:1982.6124 and DZSWS:1985.8816). The countless memorials on the walls (DZSWS:MSS.1438) would have also been introduced around this time, including brasses to Stoyks and his wife. In addition to the history of the architecture of the church, Holy Cross was known as one of the main providers of relief for the sick and poor of the area, raising its own poor rate (tax on property) in 1734. Whilst there are no records of this from the 16th century, there is evidence of the church dividing the tithes into several parts, one of which being for the poor and farmers and households paying one tenth of their income to the church. This income for the church helped with providing food and shelter for the poor. There is evidence of William Tipper leaving £50 within his will to the wardens of the church, asking it to be used for the ‘poor people of Seend’. This was invested and used to purchase blankets and food for the poor and old people of the village. Known as ‘Bugge Coats’, they were handed out as Christmas. This support continued until 1906. One man in particular influenced this: Thomas Bruges (1835), who helped in the distribution of blankets during Christmas. Holy Cross is accessed by ‘Church Walk’ (DZSWS:1982.6095, DZSWS:2001.5381) off of the main village road. At the end of the walk are gates providing access to the church yard and path to the north door (DZSWS:1985.7368). The war memorial cross is situated near the gates of the church (DZSWS:2001.5382). Holy Cross sits in a church yard. The south side (DZSWS:1985.8815, DZSWS:1982.6126) provides views across the valley. Regular services continue to held at Holy Cross. Pews remain in the majority of the church, although alterations have taken place to ensure the church remains a relevant and focal point for the village. One of the most recent installations was the millennium window, created by Andrew Taylor and depicting village scenes and history. Written and research by Anna Hallett

<urn:uuid:8e84ec73-a3e6-47eb-b129-808b99a0c60b>

CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://www.wiltshiremuseum.org.uk/artworks/holy-cross-church-seend/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100525.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204052342-20231204082342-00197.warc.gz

en

Déanann Anna, mac léinn deonacha, breathnú ar Eaglais na Croise Naofa i Seend... Eaglais na Croise Naofa, eaglais liostaithe Grád 1 (i 1962), arna mhaoiniú ag John Stokys agus a dhátú ó thart ar 1450 le fágtha Normannach go dtí an túr íseal thiar. Is é an príomh-eaglais paistí é do sráidbhaile Seend a bhfuil stair shaibhir aige. Tá sé tógtha le cloch rubble agus tá aghaidh aige le ashlar. Tugann páirceanna a fuarthas faoin eaglais smaoineamh ginearálta dúinn ar an eaglais timpeall 1500 agus tugann na foinsí i gcláir Mhúsaem Devizes go leor de a saol. Cuireadh an aisle ó thuaidh (DZSWS:2017.7038) agus an veranda iontrála battlemented ceangailte (DZSWS:1985.7366) i ndiaidh an tógála bunaidh ach ag an ailtire bunaidh. Chuir sé croiseacsa cloiche (DZSWS: 1986.7224) agus uirlisí ceannaithe éadaigh (DZSWS: 1985.8283 agus DZSWS: 1985.8285) a léiríonn conas a tháinig saibhreas ar an sráidbhaile ag an am, trí thrádáil na fuinneog. Ina theannta sin bhí roinnt gargoyles (DZSWS: 1985.7369) ag an eaglais, a bhfuil, má tá siad caite beagán, le feiceáil go fóill inniu agus anthropophagus (DZSWS: 1985.8284). Faoi 1553, bhí trí bhéile suite ar thóir an eaglais. Tá an cló, atá léite i (DZSWS:2017.5001) ó (c.1450). Tógadh é ón séipéal agus baineadh úsáid as mar ornáid gairdín ach cuireadh ar ais é chuig a áit cheart i 1938. Tá scáth mistéireach i bhfoirm croise os cionn archway an naíon. Cé go léiríonn an íomhá (DZSWS:1985.8816) an t-archán go hiontach, ní léiríonn sé an scáth is féidir a fheiceáil ann inniu. Meastar gur figiúr de Íosa ar an gcros é a d'éirigh leis an Athchóiriú Sasanach a shárú le linn an 16ú agus an 17ú haois, ach b'fhéidir gur baineadh é chun an séipéal a chosaint. Mar sin féin, tá díospóireachtaí ann maidir le cibé an bhfuil sé seo cruinn nó nach bhfuil, le daoine eile a chreideann gur péinteáil bhalla den Crucifixion an scáth. Cé go bhfuil muid ar an eolas inniu le ballaí sách simplí in eaglaisí, roimh an athchóiriú, ba minic a bhí siad péinteáilte go hionsonraithe, mar sin is féidir é seo a bheith ann. Mar thoradh ar Chogadh Cathartha an 17ú haois níor taifeadadh go leor clár ó Baisteadh, Póstaí agus Básanna idir 1645 agus 1651, chomh maith le fuinneoga gloine stainithe a bhriseadh agus a thógáil síos i 1648 ag William Sumner. Mar sin féin, in ainneoin na héifeachtaí seo den Chogadh Cathartha, níor tharla aon bhriseadh agus scrios mór ar an eaglais. Tá sé seo an-iontach i bhfianaise cath mór Roundway, ach cúig mhíle ón sráidbhaile, i 1643. Tar éis an Chogaidh Shibhialta, i lár an 18ú haois, rinneadh roinnt athchóirithe chun cabhrú le freastal ar sheirbhís Dé Domhnaigh a spreagadh. I measc na n-athruithe bhí suiteáil peann a ceannaíodh agus a dhíoltar leis na tithe a bhí ina seilbh acu (tabharfaidh liosta de na suíocháin agus na húinéirí i 1729 fianaise air seo, cé nach bhfuil sé á shealbhú ag an músaem). Cuireadh aisle agus gailearaí nua ar thaobh theas na heaglaise i 1726 (DZSWS: 1895.8815) chun cuidiú leis an bpobal atá ag fás agus suiteáladh gailearaí breise i 1797 chun freastal ar na páistí a bhí ag freastal ar Scoil Dé Domhnaigh. Mar an gcéanna leis an bfonta (a luaitear thuas) baineadh an púlpéad bunaidh as, ach cuireadh cloch ina ionad an phollpéad adhmaid (a chruthaigh Nathaniel Hitch i 1884) agus chuir Thynne ar bun leis an airgead a d'fhág mar oidhreacht don eaglais. Chuir an Conair Thynne roinnt athruithe ar bun sa 19ú haois. Méadódh sé líon na n-ealaíonta a bhí ar siúl sa séipéal agus bhailíodh airgead chun an taobh istigh a fheabhsú. Cé go raibh ceisteanna faoi na mothúcháin agus gur thóg feabhsuithe níos faide ná mar a bhí súil aige, rinneadh athmhúnlú go mór sa deireadh, lena n-áirítear an t-airc túr a oscailt agus an t-orgán a athshlánú go gailearaí i 1889. Bhí sé clog ag an teampall anois ó 1553, 1636, 1793 agus 1880. D'amharc sé ar athchóiriú an chealla i 1875 agus ar na peansaí péine bunaidh a bhaint (a fhaightear fós i dtithe agus i bhunaíochtaí sa sráidbhaile), agus iad a chur in ionad oighir. Cuireadh mórán gloine stainithe leis in ionad na fuinneoga plain a cuireadh leis sa 17ú haois. Léiríonn tuarascálacha bliantúla gur Thynne a thug isteach na coinnleacha móra ornáideacha agus maisiúla sna peansaí agus sna haislí (DZSWS: 1983.7892, DZSWS: 1983.7893, DZSWS: 1982.6124 agus DZSWS: 1985.8816). Bhí na cuimhneacháin iomadúla ar na ballaí (DZSWS: MSS.1438) curtha isteach timpeall an ama seo, lena n-áirítear brasaigh do Stoyks agus a bhean chéile. Chomh maith le stair ailtireachta na heaglaise, bhí an Chrois Naofa ar eolas mar cheann de na príomhsholáthraithe cúnaimh do dhaoine tinn agus bochta na ceantair, ag ardú a ráta bochta féin (cáin ar mhaoin) i 1734. Cé nach bhfuil aon taifid ann faoin 16ú haois, tá fianaise ann go raibh an eaglais ag roinn na deichmhíle i roinnt codanna, ceann acu do na bochta agus feirmeoirí agus teaghlaigh a íocann an deichiú cuid dá n-ioncam leis an eaglais. Chuidigh an t-ioncam seo don eaglais le bia agus le háit cothú a sholáthar do na bochta. Tá fianaise ann go d'fhág William Tipper £50 ina thoil do choimisinéirí na heaglaise, ag iarraidh go n-úsáidfí é do daoine bochta Seend. Bhí an t-airgead sin infheistiú agus a úsáid chun cuibíní agus bia a cheannach do dhaoine bochta agus sean sa sráidbhaile. Tugadh 'Bugge Coats' orthu, agus roinneadh iad mar Nollaig. Lean an tacaíocht seo go dtí 1906. Bhí tionchar ag fear amháin go háirithe ar seo: Thomas Bruges (1835), a chabhraigh le deighiltí a dháileadh le linn na Nollag. Tá rochtain ag Holy Cross ar Church Walk (DZSWS:1982.6095, DZSWS:2001.5381) as príomhbhóthar na sráidbhaile. Ag deireadh an chúrsa tá geataí a sholáthraíonn rochtain ar chúl an eaglais agus bealach chuig an doras ó thuaidh (DZSWS: 1985.7368). Tá an chros cuimhneacháin chogaidh suite in aice le geataí na heaglaise (DZSWS: 2001: 1.538). Tá an Chrois Naofa ina shuí i gcóir na heaglaise. An taobh theas (DZSWS:1985.8815, DZSWS:1982.6126) soláthraíonn tuairimí ar fud na gleann. Leanann seirbhísí rialta ar siúl ag Holy Cross. Tá peansaí fós i bhformhór na heaglaise, cé go bhfuil athruithe déanta chun a chinntiú go bhfanann an eaglais ina phointe ábhartha agus fócasach don sráidbhaile. Ceann de na suiteálacha is déanaí ná an fhuinneog míle bliain, a chruthaigh Andrew Taylor agus a léiríonn radharcanna sráidbhaile agus stair. Scríobh agus taighde ag Anna Hallett

History of Lechon A popular dish in Spain and its former colonies, the word Lechon is derived from the Spanish word leche (milk) which refers to a roasted suckling pig. Over the centuries however, it wasn’t just small, suckling pigs that were being roasted. As the feasts got bigger, so did the size of the pig. Since then, this tasty dish has been the highlight of any gathering. These days, lechon is now a staple meal in fiestas, weddings, reunions and other special occasions. With its crispy skin, juicy meat and generous servings, lechon makes any celebration a feast. No matter how small or big the gathering, lechon has brought family and friends closer together.

<urn:uuid:2b047e2d-5dc7-480c-9813-183b403b59fb>

CC-MAIN-2018-05

http://generals-lechon.com/history-of-lechon/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889473.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120063253-20180120083253-00643.warc.gz

en

Stair Lechon Is é an bia is coitianta sa Spáinn agus ina iar-choilíneachtaí, an focal Lechon a dhíorthaítear ó na Spáinnise leche (bainne) a thagraíonn do phollán milis rósta. Le linn na gcéadta bliain, áfach, ní hamháin muca beaga, atá ag súthacht a bhí á n-rósta. De réir mar a bhí na féileanna níos mó, mar sin rinne an méid na muc. Ó shin i leith, is é an mhias blasta seo an t-amhrán is mó ar aon chruinniú. Na laethanta seo, is é lechon anois béile bunúsach i féastaí, bainise, athcheangail agus ócáidí speisialta eile. Le a chraiceann crispy, a fheoil suimiúil agus a chuidí saibhre, déanann lechon aon cheiliúradh ina féile. Is cuma cé chomh beag nó chomh mór is atá an cruinniú, tá lechon tar éis teaghlaigh agus cairde a thabhairt níos dlúithe le chéile.

How Does Water Enter A Plant? Absorption of water and mineral salt take place generally in the area of the root hair. Each root fleece is a fine tube like out-growth of the epidermal cell. It grows in the soil particles. Hence it comes surrounded by close contact with the water present in the soil. Dissolved mineral salt are present in the soil water. Therefore the water surrounding respectively root hair is a dilute solution of mineral salts. Due to a high surface nouns: volume ratio of the root hair, the rate of water and mineral absorption is enhanced. The sap (plant juice) present within the root hair cell comprises of a relatively strong solution of sugars and various salts. The amount of marine in the sap is therefore lower than the soil solution (the sap has a lower marine potential). Due to this low water potential and the semi permeable membrane of the root hair cell, water enter in the plant by the process of osmosis. The sap of the cell now becomes more dilute than the sap of the subsequent root hair cell. Hence water passes by osmosis from the root curls cell into the inner cell. Similarly the water passes from the inner cells to the cortex. This verbs process continues till water enters the xylem vessels and travels up the plants. It go into the roots and it gets sucked into the plant What does galena tight-fisted? Galena is the name of a mineral. It is very heavy within nature and is the principle ore of lead. It is soft blue grey in colour. It is certain as lead sulphide after the purification process or in its chemically purified form. Among sulphide minerals, galena is one of the... How Many Bones Does The Human Skeletal System In Childrens? 206 The adult has 206. Children have more later that when they are born. If you look at the scull of an adult there are sutcher lines and that is where on earth you skull was originally in many pieces and it have fused together... What Does The Word Impression Mean? Mentally example: If you first meet someone and you do something stupid like spill red wine on his new tux or brake one of his expensive vase you have left a bad indentation but if do something nice like bake them a cake and have nice manners next you...

<urn:uuid:bf4e60fc-7abd-494d-8fcd-fa3195395d18>

CC-MAIN-2014-42

http://www.isfaq.com/science/67541.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507446231.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005726-00105-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Conas a théann uisce isteach i bplanda? Déantar ionsú uisce agus salann mianraí de ghnáth i limistéar na gruaige fréamhacha. Tá gach fleece fréamhacha ina thábla fíneáil cosúil le fás amach an chealla epidermal. Fásann sé sna cáithníní talún. Dá bhrí sin tagann sé timpeall ar teagmháil dlúth leis an uisce atá i láthair sa ithir. Tá salann mianraí tuaslagtha i láthair san uisce ithreach. Dá bhrí sin, is é an t-uisce a chuairteann gruaig fréamhacha faoi seach réiteach tuillte mianraí. Mar gheall ar an ráta ard uasláir: cóimheas toirte an ghruaig fréamhacha, cuirtear an ráta ionsú uisce agus mianraí chun cinn. Tá an sabh (suas plandaí) atá i láthair laistigh den chill gruaige fréamhacha comhdhéanta de réiteach siúcra réasúnta láidir agus salann éagsúla. Tá an méid mara sa seip níos ísle dá bhrí sin ná an tuaslagán ithreach (tá acmhainneacht mara níos ísle ag an seip). Mar gheall ar an acmhainneacht íseal uisce seo agus an membrán leath-thréimhseach den chill gruaige fréamhacha, téann uisce isteach sa phlanda trí phróiseas osmosis. Tá an seacláid an chealla níos lú ná an seacláid an chraiceann eile. Dá bhrí sin, téann uisce trí osmosis ó chealla na gcroí curls isteach sa cheal istigh. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, téann an t-uisce ó na cealla inmheánacha go dtí an cortex. Leanann an próiseas fíricí seo go dtí go dtéann uisce isteach sna soithí xylem agus go dtéann sé suas na plandaí. Téann sé isteach sna fréamhacha agus faigheann sé sucked isteach sa phlanda Cad a dhéanann Galena fisted tight? Is é Galena ainm mianraí. Tá sé an-trom sa nádúr agus is é an príomh-mhiotal luaidhe é. Tá sé d'uathúil gorm éadrom. Tá sé cinnte mar shúlfaid luaidhe tar éis an phróisis íonú nó ina fhoirm íonú ceimiceach. I measc mianraí sulfide, tá galena ar cheann de na... Cé mhéad cnámh a dhéanann an córas cnámh daonna i leanaí? 206 Tá 206 ag an duine fásta. Tá níos mó ag leanaí níos déanaí ná nuair a rugadh iad. Má fhéachann tú ar an scalpa d'inbheach tá línte sutcher agus go bhfuil áit ar an domhan a bhí do scalpa ar dtús i go leor píosaí agus tá sé le chéile le chéile... Cad a Chiallaíonn an Focal Impression? Má bhuaileann tú le duine den chéad uair agus má dhéanann tú rud éigin amaideach mar fhíon dearg a chaith ar a smoking nua nó a bhréagann tú ceann dá vase daor tá tú tar éis dul isteach olc ach má dhéanann tú rud éigin deas mar a dhéanamh dó cáca agus a bheith dea-mhodhanna in aice leat ...

Moats and Floats – Investment lessons from Warren Buffet’s letters. Moats: For those who are familiar with the letters that Billionaire investor writes to his company’s shareholders, the concept of moat is known as the competitive advantage enjoyed by a business entity over its rivals in the same industry. For example, if CoCo Cola has certain competitive advantages over its rival PepsiCo then these advantages can be termed as Moats in buffet’s language. Moats act as an entry barriers against the new firms that are trying to enter into thr industry in which the entity is operating. They also act as shield against the competitor’s moves to expand in the market by gaining more market share in the industry. Example: Brand value of established businesses and Trusted and long associated distribution network and scale of operations etc. Strong and sustainable moats that can stay on for as long as at least 10 years can assure the investor of growing and assured value of the moated firms he would want to invest. However, moated firms are always overpriced in the stock market. So, before picking up the moated stock, it’s always advised to study the fundamentals and sustainability of moats of the firms. This is another term coined by Buffet in his letters to the shareholders. According to Buffet, float is the money that a business freely receives in advance from the customers. It is said to be free because the obligation to serve this money by way of interest arises much later in time say one or 2 years later. This would be easier to understand from the perspective of an insurance business. Insurance companies receive the premium money upfront but the claims would be settled later on. In his letter to shareholders (in the year 2002) Buffet has said “To begin with, float is money we hold but don’t own. In an insurance operation, float arises because premiums are received before losses are paid, an interval that sometimes extends over many years. During that time, the insurer invests the money. This pleasant activity typically carries with it a downside: The premiums that an insurer takes in usually do not cover the losses and expenses it eventually must pay. That leaves it running an “underwriting loss,” which is the cost of float. An insurance business has value if its cost of float over time is less than the cost the company would otherwise incur to obtain funds. But the business is a lemon if its cost of float is higher than market rates for money. Moreover, the downward trend of interest rates in recent years has transformed underwriting losses that formerly were tolerable into burdens that move insurance businesses deeply into the lemon category.” Floats if invested well by the companies generate positive return with no cost except the liabilities that are to be settled in future. So, always look for the companies generating positive cash flows from the operating activities. Also, take into consideration parameters such as Return on equity and interest coverage ratio, Cash conversion cycle and such other financial ratios to judge the company’s performance before making any decision to buy the stock. Investment in carefully considered moated companies has always endured well. However one should evaluate the sustainability of these moats from time to time to make sure that they remain intact. Companies with floats can be best considered for investing after due examination various other financial rations that enable the investors to know how effectively the company with float is managing its funds.

<urn:uuid:7f2df8be-01a0-4223-9aa8-5c2331627a53>

CC-MAIN-2024-10

https://bank.newstars.edu.vn/moats-and-floats-investment-lessons-from-warren-buffets-letters

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475422.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301161412-20240301191412-00183.warc.gz

en

Moats and Floats Ceachtanna infheistíochta ó litreacha Warren Buffet. Moats: I gcás na ndaoine atá eolach ar na litreacha a scríobhann infheisteoir billiúnaí chuig scairshealbhóirí a chuideachta, is é an coincheap moat an buntáiste iomaíoch a bhaineann eintiteas gnó as a chuid iomaitheoirí sa tionscal céanna. Mar shampla, má tá buntáistí iomaíocha áirithe ag CoCo Cola i gcomparáid lena iomaitheoir PepsiCo ansin is féidir na buntáistí seo a ainmniú mar Moats i dteanga buffet. Feidhmíonn na moats mar bhacainní iontrála i gcoinne na ngnólachtaí nua atá ag iarraidh dul isteach sa tionscal ina bhfuil an t-eintiteas ag feidhmiú. Feidhmíonn siad freisin mar sciath i gcoinne gluaiseachtaí na n-iomaitheoirí chun leathnú sa mhargadh trí níos mó sciar margaidh a fháil sa tionscal. Sampla: Luach branda gnólachtaí bunaithe agus líonra dáileacháin iontaofa agus fada a bhaineann leo agus scála na n-oibríochtaí srl. Is féidir le moats láidre agus inbhuanaithe a d'fhéadfadh fanacht ar feadh 10 mbliana ar a laghad a chinntiú don infheisteoir go mbeidh luach fáis agus ráthaithe ag na gnólachtaí moated ar mhaith leis infheistíocht a dhéanamh iontu. Mar sin féin, tá cuideachtaí moated i gcónaí ró-phraghas sa mhargadh stoc. Dá bhrí sin, sula ndéantar an stoc a bhaintear as an stoc, moltar i gcónaí bunriachtanais agus inbhuanaitheacht na mbratanna a staidéar. Is téarma eile é seo a chum Buffet ina litreacha chuig na scairshealbhóirí. De réir Buffet, is é an t-airgead a fhaigheann gnó go saor in aisce roimh ré ó na custaiméirí. Deirtear go bhfuil sé saor in aisce toisc go n-eascraíonn an oibleagáid chun an t-airgead seo a sheirbheáil mar ús i bhfad níos déanaí in am a rá bliain nó 2 bhliain ina dhiaidh sin. Bheadh sé níos éasca é seo a thuiscint ó thaobh gnó árachais de. Faigheann cuideachtaí árachais an praghas réamhíoctha ach socraítear na héilimh ina dhiaidh sin. Ina litir chuig scairshealbhóirí (sa bhliain 2002) dúirt Buffet Ar dtús, is airgead é an t-airgead atá againn ach nach bhfuil sé inár seilbh. I ngníomhaíocht árachais, tagann float chun cinn toisc go bhfaightear préimheanna sula n-íoctar caillteanais, idirthréimhse a leathnaíonn uaireanta thar blianta fada. Le linn na tréimhse sin, déanann an árachóir an t-airgead a infheistiú. De ghnáth bíonn drochthionchar ag an ngníomhaíocht taitneamhach seo: De ghnáth ní chlúdaíonn na préimheanna a ghlacann árachas leis na caillteanais agus na costais a chaithfidh sé a íoc sa deireadh. Fágann sé sin go bhfuil sé ag rith caillteanas faoi thuairim, is é an costas a bhfuil a bheith ag snámh. Tá luach ag gnó árachais má tá a chostas um shlógadh thar am níos lú ná an costas a bheadh ar an gcuideachta a fháil ar mhaoiní. Ach tá an gnó lemon má tá a chostas ar float níos airde ná rátaí margaidh le haghaidh airgid. Ina theannta sin, tá an treocht ísle i rátaí úis le blianta beaga anuas tar éis caillteanais faoi thuairim a bhí in ann a throid a athrú go maoine a chuireann gnóthais árachais go mór isteach sa chatagóir liomána. Má infheisteann na cuideachtaí go maith, cruthaíonn na floatanna toradh dearfach gan aon chostas ach amháin na dliteanais atá le socrú sa todhchaí. Mar sin, féach i gcónaí ar na cuideachtaí a ghineann sreabha airgid dearfach ó na gníomhaíochtaí oibriúcháin. Chomh maith leis sin, cuir paraméadair san áireamh mar an t-ioncam ar chomhionannas agus ráta clúdach úis, timthriall comhshó airgid agus cóimheas airgeadais eile chun feidhmíocht na cuideachta a mheas sula ndéantar aon chinneadh stoc a cheannach. Tá infheistíocht i gcuideachtaí a bhfuil an-chomhfhiosrú orthu i gcónaí ag maireachtáil go maith. Ba cheart measúnú a dhéanamh ar inbhuanaitheacht na n-fhocht seo ó am go ham chun a chinntiú go bhfanann siad slán. Is féidir le cuideachtaí a bhfuil float acu a mheas mar na cuideachtaí is fearr chun infheistíocht a dhéanamh i ndiaidh scrúdú cuí a dhéanamh ar rásanna airgeadais éagsúla eile a chuireann ar chumas na n-infheisteoirí a fháil amach cé chomh héifeachtach agus a bhainistiú an chuideachta a bhfuil float aici a cuid cistí.

Uniqueness of Homeopathic Evaluation The common practice of conventional medicine has its evaluation procedure which somehow is in contrast with homeopathic evaluation procedure. The fundamental difference between conventional medicine and homeopathy is that homeopathy works on the principle of individuality while conventional medicine has a broad overview on a particular ailment. Let us consider major evaluation procedures in conventional medicine. Anamnesis – Taking a Medical History Anamnesis is the first and most important step of the evaluation in which a complete history is recounted by a patient. Questions that can give clearer information about a patient asked. This includes the complaints – current experience, previous treatments received, progress or improvement made and other information that will give a clear picture of the state of the patient’s well-being. Gathering a medical history from a sick person is a skill essential for the analysis of a patient’s condition regardless of the area of the medicine this practitioner specialized in. Unambiguous inquiries vary conditionally to a category of medical history physician is taking and if a doctor follows the general outline the information collected is very important for diagnosis and prognosis. The second and very important step of the medical evaluation is visual observation. Regardless of the specialty, a physician must ask a patient to take his/her close off (bra and underwear on are ok in many cases) and check the condition of the skin, paying attention to: - skin color and areas of discoloration, - skin elements (boils, insect bites, furuncles), - aging spots, - birth marks, - warts, etc. Percussion is an evaluation technique used in the clinical examination, and this involves the tapping a surface to determine the underlying structure of the thorax or abdomen. The middle finger of one hand is used to tap the middle finger of the other hand using wrist action. The middle finger directly placed on the body is called pleximeter. The sound created by the body surface is an indicator of the state of that part. The sound produced is either one of the following: resonant, hyper-resonant, stony dull or dull. A dull sound is an indicator for solid mass under the surface while a resonant sound is likely to be an air filled structure or a hollow one. The difference in notes produced carries information on the state of such a part. Auscultation is another form of evaluation which involves listening to internal sound in the body with the aid of a stethoscope. This is performed to examine the respiratory, circulatory and the gastrointestinal systems of the body which include the sounds of the heart, breath, and bowels. Auscultation requires a good listening ability and a level of experience with the aid of a stethoscope. Unusual sounds such as heart murmurs, gallops, wheezes, crepitation and crackles are watched out. Palpation is another examination technique. It involves the feeling of a part of the body with fingers or hands. With the aid of this touch, the size of the part of the body or of the single organ can be determined. Palpation also helps in determining the texture and tenderness of a particular organ or part of the body. It also helps to determine the location of a growth and the likes. Let us consider some ways in which homeopathic evaluation is unique Individuality of the Case – main principal of the homeopathic evaluation Homeopathy places importance on the individuality of a medical condition with respect to an individual and not on the name of the disease. This makes the focus to be on the person and not the disease. The peculiarity of each patient is paramount, unlike conventional medicine that concentrates on the common factors associated with a particular disease. Homeopathy focuses on what makes the patients different from every other patient suffering from the same ailment. Homeopathy believes that the particular factor could be the clue to the causative factor. Tongue Diagnostic in homeopathic evaluation Homeopathy uses the state of the tongue in the evaluation of a patient. The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth whose shape, color, texture, and coating can show the actual state of a person’s health. A tongue in a healthy state is pink, with a white and clear coat and it is always moist. The character of a tongue as regards its look and sense of taste help in the diagnosis of what the underlying miasm of the person’s condition and to know the appropriate treatment to administer. Tongue diagnosis helps in three ways; disease diagnosis, miasmatic diagnosis, and medicine selection. Iridology as a part of homeopathic evaluation This is another homeopathic evaluation tool where the iris of the eye reveals what goes on in the entire body. Homeopathy through Iridology zones the iris into seven parts representing parts of the body such as intestinal area, stomach, nutrients transportation, muscles, skin, lymphatic and circulatory, and bones. These zones are a pointer to which part of the body requires urgent attention. The darker a zone, the more toxic the part of the body it represents might be. Also, the different color of pigmentation shows weaknesses to the organs such represent. Understanding these representations on the iris will help to prevent a health condition go worse by giving a proper and prompt treatment. Every single patient is a distinctive individual with his/her own set of individual emotional, psychological and bodily builds and difficulties. Hereafter it is essential to collect as much as possible not only of a patient’s corporeal illness but also those that linked to a sick person’s emotional and psychological state of existence. Homeopathic medicine based on the personalization of healing and erratic, infrequent and weird criteria of the physical, emotional and mental portions of a patient’s body will lead to an appropriate homeopathic remedies that are the most suitable for each individual medical case. It is important to keep in mind that homeopathic physician is, first of all, a Medical Doctor and only secondary a homeopath. That means that homeopathic practitioner graduates the same medical school as conventional physicians and uses ALL conventional evaluation techniques approved by the school of medicine. And only after the traditional steps completed homeopath adds some more techniques to the evaluation process that he needs to be able to prescribe the correct homeopathic remedies. The Medical Director of the Philadelphia Homeopathic Clinic, Medical Doctor Victor Tsan represent the best traditions of the Integrative medicine in which conventional approaches co-exist with specific homeopathic techniques.

<urn:uuid:259a1655-1fba-4a2a-8551-6764b0024db5>

CC-MAIN-2018-05

http://www.philahomeopathy.com/homeopathic-evaluation/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887054.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118012249-20180118032249-00507.warc.gz

en

Measúnú Homeopathic Tá a nós imeachta meastóireachta ag cleachtas coitianta na míochaine traidisiúnta atá i gcodarsnacht ar bhealach éigin le nós imeachta meastóireachta homeopathic. Is é an difríocht bhunúsach idir leigheas traidisiúnta agus homeopathy go n-oibríonn homeopathy ar phrionsabal an indibhidiúlachta agus go bhfuil forbhreathnú forleathan ag leigheas traidisiúnta ar ailment áirithe. Déanaimis breithniú ar na príomh-mhodhanna meastóireachta i gcógas traidisiúnta. Anamnéis An Stair Leighis a Thógáil Is é an anamnesis an chéad chéim agus an chéim is tábhachtaí den mheasúnú ina ndéanann an t-othar stair iomlán a insint. Ceisteanna a d'fhéadfadh faisnéis níos soiléire a thabhairt faoi othair a d'iarr. Áirítear leis seo na gearáin taithí reatha, cóireálacha roimhe sin a fuarthas, dul chun cinn nó feabhas a rinneadh agus faisnéis eile a thugann pictiúr soiléir de staid folláine an othair. Is scileanna riachtanacha iad stair leighis a bhailiú ó dhuine tinn chun anailís a dhéanamh ar riocht an othair, is cuma cén réimse míochaine a raibh an cleachtóir seo speisialaithe ann. Tá an fhaisnéis a bhailítear an-tábhachtach le haghaidh diagnóis agus prognóis má leanann dochtúir an leagan ginearálta. Is é an dara céim an-tábhachtach den mheasúnú leighis ná an breathnóireacht amhairc. Is é an t-aisteoir an t-aisteoir a thugann an t-aisteoir an t-aisteoir a bhfuil an t-aisteoir aige nó aici. - dath craiceann agus limistéir athraithe, - gnéithe craiceann (boils, bites insect, furuncles), - spotaí ag dul in aois, - marcanna breithe, - warts, etc. Is teicníc meastóireachta é buille a úsáidtear san scrúdú cliniciúil, agus baineann sé seo le dromchla a chur ar dhromchla chun struchtúr bunúsach an chrócaire nó an bholg a chinneadh. Úsáidtear méadóg lámh amháin chun méadóg an láimhe eile a bhualadh ag baint úsáide as gníomh an ghualainn. Tugtar pleximeter ar an bhfinger lár a chuirtear go díreach ar an gcomhlacht. Is táscaire é an fuaim a chruthaíonn dromchla an chomhlachta ar staid an chuid sin. Is é an fhuaim a tháirgtear ceann amháin de na focail seo a leanas: resonant, hyper-resonant, stony dull nó dull. Is táscaire é fuaim dhúbhlach do mhais soladach faoin dromchla agus is dócha gur struchtúr aer-líonta nó ceann folctha é fuaim réasúnach. Tá faisnéis ag an difríocht i nótaí a tháirgtear faoi staid an pháirt sin. Is cineál eile meastóireachta é auscultation ina n-áirítear éisteacht le fuaim inmheánach sa chorp le cabhair ó stethoscope. Déantar é seo chun scrúdú a dhéanamh ar chórais an choirp a bhaineann le haeráil, le scaipeadh fola agus le córais gastrointestinal, lena n-áirítear fuaimeanna an chroí, an anailís agus na n-intinn. Éilíonn auscultation cumas éisteachta maith agus leibhéal taithí le cabhair ó stethoscope. Déantar faire amach fuaimeanna neamhghnácha amhail murmur croí, gallops, wheezes, crepitation agus crackles. Is teicníc scrúdaithe eile é palpa. Baineann sé le tuiscint a fháil ar chuid den chorp le méara nó le lámha. Le cabhair ón dteagmháil seo, is féidir méid an chuid den chorp nó an orgáin aonair a chinneadh. Cabhraíonn an phálcadh freisin le téacs agus íogaireacht orgán nó cuid áirithe den chorp a chinneadh. Cabhraíonn sé freisin le suíomh fás agus rudaí eile a chinneadh. Déanaimis machnamh ar roinnt bealaí ina bhfuil meastóireacht homeopathic uathúil Individuality of the Case príomhphrionsabal an mheasúnaithe homeopathic Cuireann an t-imeopóid tábhacht ar indibhidiúlacht riocht leighis i ndáil le duine aonair agus ní ar ainm na galair. Mar sin, is ar an duine atá an fócas agus ní ar an breoiteacht. Tá an peculiarity de gach othar is tábhachtaí, murab ionann agus leigheas traidisiúnta a dhírigh ar na fachtóirí coitianta a bhaineann le galar áirithe. Díríonn an t-imeopóid ar an méid a dhéanann na hothair difriúil ó gach duine eile a bhfuil an tinneas céanna acu. Creideann an t-imeopóid go bhféadfadh an fachtóir áirithe a bheith ina leabhrán don fhachtóir cúisitheach. Diagnóisíocht teanga i meastóireacht theiripeach Úsáideann an t-imeopóid staid an teanga i meastóireacht ar othair. Is orgán matáin sa bhéal é an teanga a léiríonn a chruth, a dath, a struchtúr agus a chlúdach staid iarbhír sláinte duine. Tá teanga i riocht sláintiúil pinc, le cóta bán agus shoiléir agus tá sé fliuch i gcónaí. Cabhraíonn carachtar teanga maidir lena chuma agus a bhraite blas le diagnóis a dhéanamh ar an staid atá faoi bhun miasm an duine agus an cóireáil iomchuí a riaradh a fháil. Cabhraíonn diagnóis teanga ar thrí bhealach; diagnóis galar, diagnóis miasmatic, agus rogha cógais. Iridology mar chuid de mheasúnú homeopathic Is uirlis mheasúnaithe homeopathic eile é seo ina nochtann iris an tsúil cad atá ar siúl sa chorp ar fad. Homeopathy trí Iridology limistéir an iris i seacht gcodanna a léiríonn codanna den chorp mar limistéar intestinal, boilg, iompar cothaithigh, matáin, craiceann, limfacha agus imshruthaithe, agus cnámha. Is pointeoir iad na criosanna seo ar a bhfuil gá le cúram práinneach ag cuid den chorp. An limistéar níos dorcha, is féidir go mbeadh an chuid den chorp a léiríonn sé níos tocsaineacha. Chomh maith leis sin, léiríonn dath difriúil na pigmentation laigí ar na horgáin a léiríonn siad. Má thuigeann tú na léaráidí seo ar an iris, cabhróidh sé le staid sláinte a chosc ó bheith níos measa trí chóireáil chuí agus tapa a thabhairt. Is duine ar leith é gach othar le a chuid féin de dhúshláin agus deacrachtaí mothúchánach, síceolaíocha agus coirp aonair. Ina dhiaidh sin tá sé riachtanach a bhailiú a oiread agus is féidir ní amháin de ghalar corparáideach an othair ach freisin iad siúd a bhaineann le staid mothúchánach agus síceolaíoch an duine tinn. Beidh leigheas homeopathic bunaithe ar an phearsanú de leigheas agus critéir neamhghnách, neamhchoitianta agus aisteach de na codanna fisiciúla, mothúchánach agus mheabhrach de chorp an othair a bheith ina thoradh ar leigheasanna homeopathic iomchuí atá is oiriúnaí do gach cás leighis aonair. Tá sé tábhachtach a choinneáil i gcuimhne go bhfuil dochtúir homeopathic, ar dtús, Dochtúir Leighis agus ach amháin ar an dara leibhéal homeopath. Ciallaíonn sé sin go bhfuil an cleachtóir homeopathic céim na scoile leighis céanna mar dochtúirí traidisiúnta agus úsáideann sé gach teicnící meastóireachta traidisiúnta ceadaithe ag an scoil leighis. Agus ní hamháin tar éis na céimeanna traidisiúnta a bheith críochnaithe cuireann an t-othar cóireála roinnt teicnící breise leis an bpróiseas meastóireachta go gcaithfidh sé a bheith in ann na leigheasanna cóireála cóireála cóireála ceart a fhorordú. Léiríonn an Stiúrthóir Leighis de Chlinic Homeopathic Philadelphia, an Dochtúir Leighis Victor Tsan na traidisiúin is fearr den leigheas Comhtháite ina bhfuil cur chuige traidisiúnta ag co-éist le teicnící homeopathic ar leith.

No Marshmallows, Just Term Papers Written Assignment 4 Answer all of the following questions. Title your assignment "Written Assignment 4," unless your mentor directs otherwise. This assignment covers text chapters 18 through 23. 1. Explain the relationship among savings, investment, and net capital outflow. Answer: S = I + NCO (Savings = Domestic Investment + Net Capital Outflow) Savings equals domestic investment plus net capital outflow; therefore, when U.S. citizens save a dollar of their income for the future, that dollar can be used to finance accumulation of domestic capital or it can be used to finance the purchase of capital abroad. 2. Describe the economic logic behind the theory of purchasing-power parity (PPP). What factors might prevent PPP from holding true? Answer: The theory of purchasing-power parity (PPP) is based on a principle called the law of one price. According to the law of one price, a good must sell for the same price in all locations. Otherwise, there would be opportunities for profit left unexploited. The process of taking advantage of price differences for the same item in different markets is called arbitrage. What factors might prevent PPP from holding true? Answer: There are two factors that might prevent PPP from holding true: a. Many goods are not easily traded (haircuts in Paris versus haircuts in New York). Thus, arbitrage would be too limited to eliminate the difference in prices between the locations. b. Tradable goods are not always perfect substitutes when they are produced in different countries (American cars versus German cars). There is no opportunity for arbitrage here, because the price difference reflects the different values the consumer places on the two products. 3. Describe supply and demand in the market for loanable funds and the market for foreign currency exchange. How are these markets linked? Answer: Two markets are central to the macroeconomics of open economies: the market for loanable funds and the market for... Join now to view this essay and thousands of others on PaperCamp.com. It's free Join Now!

<urn:uuid:6ec1bd87-a1ee-43be-bc4c-19909cadad0d>

CC-MAIN-2014-49

http://www.papercamp.com/essay/58816/Written-Assignment-4

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931006637.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155646-00012-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Níl Marshmallows, ach páipéir téarma Ceapachán i Scríbhinn 4 Freagraigh ar na ceisteanna seo a leanas. Ainmníonn do thasc "Táirge Scríbhneoireachta 4," mura ndéanann do mhianóir a mhalairt. Clúdaíonn an tasc seo caibidil 18 go 23. 1. an t-am a bhí ann. Mínigh an gaol idir coigiltis, infheistíocht agus glan-sreabhadh caipitil amach. Freagra: S = I + NCO (Scaoil = Infheistíocht Dúchasach + Glan-Sreabhadh Caipitil) Tá an coigiltis comhionann le hinfheistíocht intíre móide glan-sreabhadh caipitil; dá bhrí sin, nuair a shábhálann saoránaigh na Stát Aontaithe dollar dá n-ioncam don todhchaí, is féidir an dollar sin a úsáid chun carnadh caipitil intíre a mhaoiniú nó is féidir é a úsáid chun ceannach caipitil thar lear a mhaoiniú. 2. Seachadadh. Déan cur síos ar an loighic eacnamaíoch atá taobh thiar den teoiric um chomhionannas cumhachta ceannaigh (PPP). Cad iad na fachtóirí a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina gcontúirt go bhfuil PPP fíor? Freagra: Tá teoiric an chomhionannais cumhachta ceannaigh (PPP) bunaithe ar phrionsabal ar a dtugtar dlí praghas amháin. De réir dlí praghas amháin, ní mór earraí a dhíol ar an bpraghas céanna i ngach áit. Seachas sin, bheadh deiseanna brabúis ann nach ndéanfaí leas a bhaint astu. Tugtar arbitrage ar an bpróiseas chun leas a bhaint as difríochtaí praghsanna don earra chéanna i margaí éagsúla. Cad iad na fachtóirí a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina gcontúirt go bhfuil PPP fíor? Freagra: Tá dhá fhachtóir ann a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina gcontúirt go bhfuil PPP fíor: a. Ní dhéantar go leor earraí a thrádáil go héasca (gruaigeoirí i bPáras i gcoinne gruaigeoirí i Nua-Eabhrac). Dá bhrí sin, bheadh an t-arbitraíocht ró-bheag chun an difríocht i bpraghsanna idir na háiteanna a dhíchur. b. Ní hiad earraí in-athrádaithe a bhíonn ina n-ionad foirfe i gcónaí nuair a tháirgtear iad i dtíortha éagsúla (carranna Mheiriceá i gcoinne carranna na Gearmáine). Níl aon deis ann le haghaidh eadrána anseo, toisc go léiríonn an difríocht praghsanna na luachanna éagsúla a chuireann an tomhaltóir ar an dá tháirge. 3. Tá an t-am ann. Déan cur síos ar thairiscint agus ar éileamh ar an margadh le haghaidh cistí iasachta agus ar an margadh le haghaidh malartuithe airgeadra eachtraí. Conas a bhaineann na margaí seo le chéile? Freagra: Tá dhá mhargadh lárnach do mhaicreacnamaíocht na ngeilleagair oscailte: an margadh le haghaidh cistí iasachta agus an margadh le haghaidh... Bí linn anois chun an aiste seo agus na mílte eile a fheiceáil ar PaperCamp.com. Tá sé saor in aisce Join Now!

Elemental sulfur, the most heavily-used pesticide in California, may harm the respiratory health of children living near farms that use the pesticide, according to new research led by UC Berkeley. In a study of children in the agricultural community of Salinas Valley, California, researchers found significant associations between elemental sulfur use and poorer respiratory health. The study linked reduced lung function, more asthma-related symptoms and higher asthma medication use in children living about a half-mile or less from recent elemental sulfur applications compared to unexposed children. The EPA generally considers elemental sulfur as safe for the environment and human health, but previous studies have shown that it is a respiratory irritant to exposed farm workers. Elemental sulfur's effect on residential populations, especially children, living near treated fields has not previously been studied despite the chemical's widespread use and potential to drift from the fields where it is applied. This study is the first to link agricultural use of sulfur with poorer respiratory health in children living nearby. The study was published August 14 in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. The research was funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency. Rachel Raanan, a UC Berkeley postdoctoral fellow and the study's lead author, was supported by the Environment and Health Fund in Israel. Research protocols were approved by the UC Berkeley Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects. Elemental sulfur is allowed for use on conventional and organic crops to control fungus and other pests and is very important to both systems. It is the most heavily used agricultural pesticide in California and Europe. In California alone, more than 21 million kilograms of elemental sulfur was applied in agriculture in 2013. "Sulfur is widely used because it is effective and low in toxicity to people. It is naturally present in our food and soil and is part of normal human biochemistry, but breathing in sulfur dust can irritate airways and cause coughing," said co-author Asa Bradman, associate director of the Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health at Berkeley's School of Public Health. "We need to better understand how people are exposed to sulfur used in agriculture and how to mitigate exposures. Formulations using wettable powders could be a solution." For the study, the research team examined associations between lung function and asthma-related respiratory symptoms in hundreds of children living near fields where sulfur had been applied. The children were participants in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal birth cohort that is a partnership between UC Berkeley and the Salinas Valley community. CHAMACOS is the longest running longitudinal birth cohort study of pesticides and other environmental exposures among children living in an agricultural community. The cohort participants were primarily born to families of immigrant farm worker families. The study found several associations between poorer respiratory health and nearby elemental sulfur use. A 10-fold increase in the estimated amount of sulfur used within 1 kilometer of a child's residence during the year prior to pulmonary evaluation was associated with a 3.5-fold increased odds in asthma medication usage and a two-fold increased odds in respiratory symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath. The study also found that each 10-fold increase in the amount of elemental sulfur applied in the previous 12 months within a 1-km radius of the home was associated with an average decrease of 143 milliliters per second (mL/s) in the maximal amount of air that the 7-year-old children could forcefully exhale in one second. For comparison, research has shown that exposure to maternal cigarette smoke is associated with a decrease of 101 mL/s after five years of exposure. The researchers used regression models to control for maternal smoking during pregnancy, season of birth, particulate matter air pollution, breast feeding duration, child's sex and age, height, technician and other covariates. "This study provides the first data consistent with anecdotal reports of farmworkers and shows that residents, in this case, children, living near fields may be more likely to have respiratory problems from nearby agricultural sulfur applications," said senior author Brenda Eskenazi, Berkeley professor at the School of Public Health. Given elemental sulfur's widespread use worldwide, the study authors call urgently for more research to confirm these findings and possible changes in regulations and application methods to limit impacts of sulfur use on respiratory health.

<urn:uuid:df6aaf2b-ac3e-46c6-b244-a87c2682cf62>

CC-MAIN-2024-10

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20170817/Study-finds-link-between-elemental-sulfur-use-and-respiratory-problems-in-farmworkers-children.aspx

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474948.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301030138-20240301060138-00005.warc.gz

en

D'fhéadfadh sulfair eileamaideach, an lotnaidicíd is mó a úsáidtear i California, dochar a dhéanamh do shláinte an anailís do leanaí a chónaíonn in aice le feirmeacha a úsáideann an lotnaidicíd, de réir taighde nua faoi stiúir UC Berkeley. I staidéar ar leanaí i bpobal feirmeoireachta Ghleann Salinas, California, fuair taighdeoirí comhlachais shuntasacha idir úsáid sulfair eileamaintiúil agus sláinte anailís níos measa. Chuir an staidéar feidhm scamhóg laghdaithe, níos mó comharthaí a bhaineann le haiste agus úsáid níos mó cógais haiste i leanaí a chónaíonn thart ar leath míle nó níos lú ó iarratais iargúlta sulfair réadacha i gcomparáid le leanaí neamh-nochta. De ghnáth measaíonn an EPA go bhfuil sulfair eileamaintiúil sábháilte don chomhshaol agus do shláinte an duine, ach léirigh staidéir roimhe seo gur irritant anailíse é do oibrithe feirme a bhfuil nochtadh orthu. Ní raibh staidéar déanta roimhe seo ar éifeacht sulfair eiliminteach ar phobail chónaitheacha, go háirithe leanaí, a chónaíonn in aice le réimsí cóireáilte in ainneoin úsáid fhorleathan an cheimiceáin agus an fhéidearthacht a bheith ag imeacht ó na réimsí ina gcuirtear i bhfeidhm é. Is é an staidéar seo an chéad cheann a bhaineann úsáid talmhaíochta sulfair le sláinte anailís níos measa i leanaí a chónaíonn in aice láimhe. Foilsíodh an staidéar ar an 14 Lúnasa sa iris Environmental Health Perspectives. Chuir an Institiúid Náisiúnta Eolaíochtaí Sláinte Comhshaoil agus an Ghníomhaireacht um Chosaint Comhshaoil an taighde ar fáil. Bhí tacaíocht ag an gCiste Comhshaoil agus Sláinte in Iosrael do Rachel Raanan, comhalta iar-dhochtúireachta UC Berkeley agus príomh-údar an staidéir. Cheadaigh Coiste UC Berkeley um Chosaint na n-ábhar Daonna prótacail taighde. Tá cead ag an sulfair eiliminteach a úsáid ar chultúir choinbhleachta agus orgánacha chun fongus agus lotnaidí eile a rialú agus tá sé an-tábhachtach don dá chóras. Is é an lotnaidicíd talmhaíochta is mó a úsáidtear i California agus san Eoraip. I California amháin, cuireadh níos mó ná 21 milliún cileagram de sulfair eileamaintiúil i bhfeidhm san talmhaíocht in 2013. "Tá an sulfair in úsáid go forleathan toisc go bhfuil sé éifeachtach agus go bhfuil an-tócsaineach do dhaoine ann. Tá sé i láthair go nádúrtha inár mbia agus sa ithir agus tá sé mar chuid de bithcheimic ghnáthdhaonna, ach d'fhéadfadh an duslach sulfair a bheith ag anailís ar na bealaí aeir agus a bheith ina chúis le coughing, "a dúirt an comh-údar Asa Bradman, stiúrthóir co-cheangailte an Ionad um Thaighde Comhshaoil agus Sláinte Leanaí in Scoil Sláinte Poiblí Berkeley. "Caithfimid tuiscint níos fearr a fháil ar an gcaoi a bhfuil daoine nochtaithe do sulfair a úsáidtear san talmhaíocht agus ar an gcaoi a laghdaítear nochtaithe. D'fhéadfadh foirmlí a úsáideann púdair a fhéadfaí a fháithint a bheith ina réiteach". Chun an staidéar a dhéanamh, rinne an fhoireann taighde scrúdú ar na comhlachais idir feidhm na scamhóg agus comharthaí haimsireacha a bhaineann le haisteas i n-aigíon leanaí a bhí ina gcónaí in aice le páirceanna inar cuireadh sulfair i bhfeidhm. Bhí na páistí páirteach i staidéar Ionad um Mheasúnú Sláinte na Máithreacha agus Leanaí i Salinas (CHAMACOS), cohorta breis-réime a rugadh a bhfuil comhpháirtíocht idir UC Berkeley agus pobal Ghleann Salinas. Is é CHAMACOS an staidéar cohorta breis-réimsí ar phéistithe agus nochtadh comhshaoil eile i measc leanaí a chónaíonn i bpobal talmhaíochta. Bhí na rannpháirtithe sa chohorta a rugadh go príomha do theaghlaigh oibrithe talmhaíochta inimirceacha. Fuair an staidéar roinnt comhlachais idir sláinte níos measa an anailís agus úsáid sulfair eileamaintiúil in aice láimhe. Bhí baint ag méadú 10 huaire sa mhéid measta sulfair a úsáidtear laistigh de 1 ciliméadar de chónaí an linbh i rith na bliana roimh mheasúnú plumain le seans 3.5 huaire níos mó a úsáid i gcógas asthma agus seans dhá huaire níos mó i siombailí anáil amhail wheezing agus go leor gaoithe. Fuair an staidéar freisin go raibh baint ag gach méadú 10 huaire ar an méid sulfair eileamaideach a cuireadh i bhfeidhm sna 12 mhí roimhe sin laistigh de raidió 1 km den bhaile le laghdú 143 millilítear in aghaidh an tsoicind (mL / s) ar an meán ar an uasmhéid aer a d'fhéadfadh na páistí 7 mbliana d'aois a chur amach go láidir in aon soicind amháin. I gcomparáid leis sin, léiríodh le taighde go bhfuil baint ag nochtadh do dhúsach tobac máthar le laghdú 101 mL/s tar éis cúig bliana nochtadh. D'úsáid na taighdeoirí samhlacha aisghabhála chun smacht a fháil ar chaitheamh tobac na máthar le linn toirchis, séasúr na breithe, truailliú aeir ábhar cáithnithe, fad beathú cíche, gnéas agus aois an linbh, airde, teicníc agus covariates eile. "Léiríonn an staidéar seo an chéad sonraí atá ag teacht le tuairiscí anecdotal d'oibrithe feirme agus léiríonn sé go bhféadfadh fadhbanna haeráide a bheith ag cónaitheoirí, sa chás seo, leanaí, atá ina gcónaí in aice le páirceanna ó iarratais sulfair talmhaíochta in aice láimhe", a dúirt an t-ardúire Brenda Eskenazi, ollamh in Scoil Sláinte Poiblí Berkeley. Ós rud é go bhfuil an sulfair eileamaideach á úsáid go forleathan ar fud an domhain, iarrann údar na staidéir go práinneach tuilleadh taighde chun na torthaí seo a dhearbhú agus athruithe féideartha i rialacháin agus modhanna cur i bhfeidhm chun tionchar úsáid sulfair ar shláinte na haimsire a theorannú.

[MIS18-P03] Study on lightning and precipitation activities by EM observations Keywords:Lightning, Radar, thunderstorm Ku radar is a low-power high-resolution Doppler radar for meteorological applications. Ku radar employs bistatic system which is composed of a pair of Luneberg Lens Antenna, and solid state amplifier which transmits the wideband signal (80 MHz) in Ku-band. The pulse compression technique, which has the advantage that high range resolution profiles can be acquired by low transmitting power, is applied. However, the range sidelobe of a compressed signal may contaminate the neighboring rain echo. To overcome this disadvantage, the intermediate frequency (IF) signal is acquired by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and then it is processed by sets of digital signal processors (DSPs). In the pulse compression processing, the cross correlation between the signal received from precipitation and reference, namely presampled transmitted signal. Observation time resolution for a full volume scanning and range resolution less than 1 minute and 2.5 m are realized with Ku radar, respectively. DITF is a system to locate a source of VHF impulse based on the digital interferometric technique. A remarkable feature of DITF is its wide detection frequency range. The system observes the electric field change due to a lightning discharge in the ultra-wide VHF band, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to calculate various frequency components of the received electromagnetic (EM) pulse. Computed phase difference for each Fourier component between two antennas is a function of the incident angle of the EM pulse against the baseline. A couple of antennas as a two-element array of DITF are able to estimate the incident angle. Two pairs of antennas, and independent two baselines, enable two-dimensional (2D) mapping of sources in azimuth and elevation format. At the time period of most active lighting activities, the bright band radar echo is disappeared. The reflectivity decreases in order of height from highest to lowest with active lightning. It indicates that the relations between deep convective and lightning.

<urn:uuid:c1a19c6a-8ba5-49f7-a3ec-81e1b988c768>

CC-MAIN-2020-45

https://confit.atlas.jp/guide/event/jpguagu2017/subject/MIS18-P03/detail

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107879673.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022141106-20201022171106-00110.warc.gz

en

[MIS18-P03] Staidéar ar ghníomhaíochtaí léirscartha agus báistí trí bhreathnóireachtaí EM Eochairfhocail:Lightning, Radar, thunderstorm Is radar Ku radar Doppler ard-réitigh ísealchumhachta le haghaidh feidhmchláir meitéareolaíocha. Baineann radar Ku úsáid as córas bisteatúil atá comhdhéanta de péire de Lens Luneberg Antenna, agus méadaitheoir staid shoiléir a tharchur an comhartha leathanbhanda (80 MHz) i mBain Ku. Baintear úsáid as an teicníc brúite phulsaí, a bhfuil an buntáiste aige gur féidir próifílí le réiteach ardréime a fháil trí chumhacht tarchuir íseal. Mar sin féin, d'fhéadfadh an taobh-chló de chomhartha comhbhrúite an echó báistí in aice láimhe a thruailliú. Chun an míbhuntáiste seo a shárú, faigheann tiontaire analógach-go-digiteach ardluais (ADC) an comhartha idirmhinicíochta (IF) agus próiseálann sé ansin le sraitheanna próiseálaithe comhartha digiteacha (DSPanna). Sa phróiseáil brúite phulsa, an tras-chomhréireacht idir an comhartha a fhaightear ó thorthaí agus tagarmharc, is é sin, comhartha a tharchur roimh-samplaithe. Déantar réiteach ama breathnóireachta le haghaidh scanadh toirte iomlán agus réiteach raon níos lú ná 1 nóiméad agus 2.5 m a bhaint amach le radar Ku, faoi seach. Is córas é DITF chun foinse impulse VHF a aimsiú bunaithe ar an teicníc idirghabhála digiteach. Is gné shuntasach de DITF a raon minicíochta braite leathan. Déantar an córas a bhreathnaíonn ar an athrú réimse leictreach mar gheall ar an scaoileadh léim sa bhanda VHF ultra-leathan, agus Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) a chur i bhfeidhm chun comhpháirteanna éagsúla minicíochta an pholl leictreamaighnéadach (EM) a fuarthas a ríomh. Is feidhm é an difríocht chéim ríomhte do gach comhpháirt Fourier idir dhá antennaí de chúinne ionsaitheach an pholl EM i gcoinne an bhunlíne. Tá cúpla antenna mar shraith dhá-eilimint de DITF in ann an uillinn ionsaithe a mheas. Ceadaíonn dhá phéire antennaí, agus dhá bhunlíne neamhspleácha, mapsáil dhá-thaobhach (2D) de fhoinsí i bhformáid azimuth agus airde. Ag an tréimhse ama a bhfuil na gníomhaíochtaí solais is gníomhaí, imíonn an echó radair banda geal. Laghdaíonn an léiriú i ord airde ó is airde go dtí an ceann is ísle le léim ghníomhach. Léiríonn sé go bhfuil na caidrimh idir convective domhain agus léim.

Fixing Health: Breaking those bad habits In 1847, Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician working in Austria, made an outrageous declaration. New mothers were dying of fever, not because they were victims of sin, but rather they were getting infections from doctors performing autopsies and not washing their hands before delivering babies. For this egregious accusation he was castigated and committed to an insane asylum were he eventually died in disgrace. Ironically, it was an infection of the wounds he sustained during a beating that led to his demise. Today, Dr Semmelweis is hailed as the father of modern sterile practice. Later on, Joseph Lister proved that antisepsis during surgery led to less wound infections. He fared better than Semmelweis, and sterility became the cornerstone of surgical and medical practice, significantly decreasing infections and mortality rates. The story is told of Japanese elders who used mouldy bread as a poultice to dress wounds. The wounds would seldom get infected with these dressings and would heal much faster than untreated wounds. The reason for the success of this concoction in decreasing infections made sense when Alexander Flemming discovered penicillin from a fungus (mould) in 1928. That discovery spawned the antibiotic era in modern medicine. Close to defeating microbes With antiseptic techniques and proper antibiotic use, we have, for the first time in history, come close to defeating microbes that have been the bane of our existence from the dawn of man. Newer antibiotics from different classes, and with different modes of action, have been produced over the decades after the discovery of penicillin. Newer sterilisation techniques have been employed and greater awareness of the importance of preventing infections have been accomplished. So why then are we having such a serious problem in our intensive-care units and hospitals? No easy solution This is not an easy problem to solve. The truth is that simple guidelines are not adhered to, and this has led to increased outbreaks and more antibiotic-resistant bacteria, not only in Jamaica, but the whole world. In fact, bacteria are getting so used to neutralising drugs that we are at the brink of what some term an antibiotic apocalypse. In that scenario, superbugs are resistant to every antibiotic used. We would go back to the dark ages where once you got an infection, doctors would have nothing to offer as treatment and millions would die. This doomsday scenario has stemmed from years of misuse of antibiotics, not only by health-care professionals, but also in farming. Livestock are often given antibiotics in their feed, and this results in reducing farmers' losses due to infections. This, however, has the effect of exposing bacteria to the drugs. The bacterium develops resistance that can be genetically shared with other bacteria, leading to widespread resistance that moves from country to country fairly rapidly. Doctors are sometimes guilty of overprescribing antibiotics, often at patients' requests. It is a common practice for patients with viral illnesses, or even allergies, to ask if a physician is not going to prescribe antibiotics, even though none are deemed necessary. Even in hospitals, this abuse of antibiotics is rampant. The inappropriate use of antibiotics is not only an expensive waste, but is downright dangerous. This has led to the formation of infectious-diseases committees that regulate the use of antibiotics to prevent the development of resistance. Of course, the best and cheapest way to address infections is prevention. This is where many local hospitals have been thrown into a bad light. Cleaning a hospital is far different from cleaning other buildings. It requires an appreciation of the way infections are transmitted and the vulnerability of certain types of patients to bacteria that would normally have no impact on healthy individuals. Adequate training for janitorial staff and the provision of proper tools to carry out this specialised cleaning is of paramount importance in preventing infectious-disease outbreaks. 'Invisible' places such as air-conditioning ducts that recirculate air have been identified as sources of outbreaks and should be periodically cleaned. Health-care workers undergo training in sterile and aseptic techniques. In spite of this, an alarmingly high portion of healthcare workers still do not adhere to proper hand-washing protocols. This simplest of tasks, known for more than a hundred years to combat infections, is too often ignored to the detriment of patients. Even more disturbing is the revelation that the root of this problem, oftentimes, is not with the attitude of the workers, but the availability of water and soap at the institutions. Greater attention needs to be paid to the adherence of protocols by all health-care workers, patients, and visitors. Proper personal-protective equipment should be made available to visitors and workers alike. Oftentimes, it is not the wearer who is protected, but the patient on the other side of the gown. Infectious-diseases committees should be active in all hospitals and periodic audits conducted. One dreaded meeting during my residency was the morbidity and mortality conference. Here, residents had to present any adverse developments befalling their patients. Woe be unto the team that had a bad outcome because of a preventable cause. They would be raked across coals and, in the process, learn a valuable lesson that would save many lives later on in their career. Many hospitals practise a kinder version of this internal audit of practices within that institution. Not only have internal audits been shown to result in better patient outcomes but they inculcate best practices in staff and trainees, who eventually go on to lift standards in other hospitals. Maybe what we need to address the breaches in sterility noted in the recent health audits are conferences of this nature, involving not only the medical staff, but also every category of worker, including janitorial and administrative staff. Only then will persons who disregard or handicap sterility protocols see that their actions affect living, breathing human beings, and not just a faceless statistic. - Continuing medical education on infection-control principles for all members of staff. - Ensure proper training and outfitting of contracted janitorial teams. - Morbidity and mortality conferences in hospitals. - Active infectious-disease committees in hospitals. - Random infectious-disease audits of hospitals and clinics. - Ensure adequate personal-protective equipment is available. - Dr Alfred Dawes is the immediate past president of the Jamaica Medical Doctors Association. Send feedback to firstname.lastname@example.org.

<urn:uuid:c55fa9b4-277b-4b01-ae4c-884199545ef9>

CC-MAIN-2018-05

http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/health/20160113/fixing-health-breaking-those-bad-habits

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887414.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118131245-20180118151245-00077.warc.gz

en

Sláinte a shocrú: na droch-chleachtais sin a bhriseadh I 1847, rinne Ignaz Semmelweis, dochtúir Ungáir a bhí ag obair san Ostair, ráiteas a bhí ina ghá. Bhí máithreacha nua ag fáil bháis de thréimhse teasa, ní mar go raibh siad ina n-íospartaigh pheaca, ach go raibh siad ag fáil ionfhabhtuithe ó dhochtúirí a bhí ag déanamh autopsies agus gan a lámha a ní sula raibh siad ag tabhairt leanaí. Ar son an chiontaithe neamh-chomhfhiosach seo, bhí sé ag caitheamh a chuid ama agus cuireadh i gceannas air go dtí an t-aisteal meabhrach áit a bhfuair sé bás i náire sa deireadh. Go hionraic, ba ionfhabhtú na n-iarmhairtí a d'fhulaing sé le linn bualadh a bhí mar thoradh ar a bháis. Sa lá atá inniu ann, glactar leis an Dr Semmelweis mar athair na cleachtais stéarlaíochta nua-aimseartha. Níos déanaí, chruthaigh Joseph Lister go raibh níos lú ionfhabhtuithe gorta mar thoradh ar antisepsis le linn an mheaisín. Bhí an t-easpa seo níos fearr ná Semmelweis, agus tháinig an stéaróidíocht chun bheith ina chúlchiste i gcleachtas máinliachta agus leighis, ag laghdú go suntasach rátaí ionfhabhtaithe agus báis. Insíonn an scéal gur bhain seanóirí na Seapáine úsáid as arán moulded mar poultice chun gortuithe a chóireáil. Ní bheadh ionfhabhtuithe ag na bandaíochtaí seo ar na sárú go minic agus leigheasfadh siad i bhfad níos gasta ná sárú gan chóireáil. Bhí sé réasúnta go raibh an t-éacht seo rathúil i laghdú ionfhabhtuithe nuair a d'aimsigh Alexander Flemming péinisilín ó fhongus (mould) i 1928. Ba é an fionnachtanas sin a d'fhág go raibh ré na n-antíobaiticí sa leigheas nua-aimseartha. Beagnach ag bualadh le micribí Le teicnící antiseptic agus úsáid cheart antaibheathaigh, tá muid, den chéad uair sa stair, gar do na miocróbanna a bhí ina n-eagla ar ár n-eiscíocht ó thús an duine a bhuachan. Tá antaibheathaigh níos nuaí ó aicmeacha éagsúla, agus le modhanna gníomhaíochta éagsúla, déanta thar na blianta tar éis penicillin a fháil amach. Baineadh úsáid as teicnící stéarilithe níos nuaí agus baineadh feasacht níos mó amach maidir le tábhacht ionfhabhtuithe a chosc. Cén fáth, ansin, go bhfuil fadhb chomh tromchúiseach againn sna haonaid cúraim thromchúiseach agus sna hoispidéil? Níl aon réiteach éasca Ní fhadhb éasca í seo a réiteach. Is é an fhírinne ná nach bhfuil na treoirlínte simplí á nglacadh, agus tá sé seo mar thoradh ar ráigí méadaithe agus baictéir níos frithsheasmhaí in aghaidh antaibheathaigh, ní hamháin sa tSeamaic, ach ar fud an domhain. Go deimhin, tá baictéir ag dul chomh fada le drugaí a neodrú go bhfuilimid ar an mbruach a bhfuil roinnt acu ag glaoch ar apocalypse antaibheathach. Sa chás sin, tá superbugs resistant do gach antaibheathach a úsáidtear. Bheadh muid ag dul ar ais go dtí an aois dorcha nuair a gheobhaidh tú ionfhabhtú, ní bheadh aon rud le cur ar fáil ag dochtúirí mar chóireáil agus bheadh na milliúin ag bás. Tá an cás seo de dheireadh an lae mar thoradh ar mhí-úsáid na n-antíobaiticí le blianta, ní hamháin ag gairmithe cúraim sláinte, ach freisin san fheirmeoireacht. Is minic a thugtar antaibheathaigh do thomhaltóirí ina gcuid bia, agus mar thoradh air seo laghdaítear caillteanais feirmeoirí mar gheall ar ionfhabhtuithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn sé seo mar thoradh ar bhaictéir a nochtadh do na drugaí. Forbraíonn an baictéar friotaíocht is féidir a roinnt go géiniteach le baictéir eile, rud a fhágann go bhfuil friotaíocht forleathan ag gluaiseacht ó thír go tír go leor go tapa. Uaireanta bíonn dochtúirí ciontach as antaibheathaigh a fhorordú thar a bheith, go minic de réir iarratais na n-othar. Is gnách go n-iarrann othair a bhfuil galair víreasacha orthu, nó fiú ailléirgí, ar dhochtúir an bhfuil siad ag dul a fhorordú antaibheathaigh, cé nach meastar go bhfuil aon cheann acu riachtanach. Fiú sna hoispidéil, tá an mí-úsáid seo ar antaibheathaigh forleathan. Ní hamháin gur dramhaíl chostasach é úsáid mhíchuí antaibheathaigh, ach tá sé contúirteach go hiomlán. Mar thoradh air sin, tá coistí galair ionfhabhtaithe cruthaithe a rialaíonn úsáid antaibheathaigh chun cosc a chur ar éadrom a fhorbairt. Ar ndóigh, is é an bealach is fearr agus is saoire chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar ionfhabhtuithe ná cosc a chur air. Is é seo an áit a bhfuil go leor ospidéil áitiúla curtha i droch-solas. Tá glanadh ospidéal i bhfad difriúil ó ghlanadh foirgnimh eile. Éilíonn sé measúnú a dhéanamh ar an mbealach a tharchur ionfhabhtuithe agus ar an leochaileacht atá ag cineálacha áirithe othair i leith baictéir nach mbeadh tionchar acu go gnáth ar dhaoine folláine. Tá sé ríthábhachtach go ndéanfar oiliúint leordhóthanach ar fhoireann na glantacháin agus go soláthrófar uirlisí cuí chun an glanadh speisialaithe seo a dhéanamh chun ráigí galair ionfhabhtaithe a chosc. Tá áiteanna "neamhfhaicsin" mar chuibhiúirí aerchóirithe a athshruthaíonn aer aitheanta mar fhoinsí ráigí agus ba cheart iad a ghlanadh go tréimhsiúil. Bíonn oiliúint ag oibrithe cúram sláinte i teicnící steiriliúla agus aseptic. In ainneoin seo, ní leanann cuid mhór oibrithe cúram sláinte go mór na prótacail cuí maidir le lámha a ní. Tá an tasc is simplí seo, a bhfuil aithne air le breis agus céad bliain chun ionfhabhtuithe a chomhrac, á neamhaird go ró-mhinic go minic chun dochair na n-othar. Níos mó imní ná an nochtadh go bhfuil bun an fhadhb seo, go minic, ní le dearcadh na n-oibrithe, ach le fáil uisce agus gallúnach sna hinstitiúidí. Ní mór aird níos mó a thabhairt ar chomhlíonadh prótacail ag gach oibrí cúraim sláinte, othair agus cuairteoirí. Ba cheart trealamh cosanta pearsanta cuí a chur ar fáil do chuairteoirí agus d'oibrithe araon. Go minic, ní hé an t-aodaí a chosnaíonn, ach an t-othar ar an taobh eile den gúna. Ba cheart go mbeadh coistí galair ionfhabhtaithe gníomhach i ngach ospidéal agus go ndéanfaí iniúchtaí tréimhsiúla. Bhí cruinniú uafásach amháin le linn mo chónaitheachta ná an chomhdháil um thinneas agus básmhaireacht. Anseo, bhí ar chónaitheoirí aon fhorbairtí díobhálacha a tharla dá n-othar a chur i láthair. Is trua don fhoireann a raibh droch-thorthaí mar gheall ar chúis in-chothaithe. Ba chóir dóibh a bheith ag tarraingt ar fud na gualainn agus, sa phróiseas, foghlaim a gcuid ceachtanna luachmhara a shábháil go leor saol ina dhiaidh sin ina gcuid gairme. Tá leagan níos fearr den iniúchadh inmheánach seo ar chleachtais laistigh den institiúid sin á chleachtadh ag go leor ospidéil. Ní amháin gur léirigh iniúchtaí inmheánacha gur tháinig torthaí níos fearr ar othair ach cuireann siad na cleachtais is fearr i bhfoireann agus i oilithrithe, a théann ar aghaidh ag cur caighdeáin ar bun in ospidéil eile. B'fhéidir gurb é an rud a theastaíonn uainn chun dul i ngleic leis na sárú ar an stéaróidíocht a tugadh faoi deara sna iniúchtaí sláinte le déanaí ná comhdhálacha den chineál seo, a chuimsíonn ní amháin an fhoireann leighis, ach gach catagóir oibrí, lena n-áirítear foireann na clóis agus na hoifige. Ní fheicfidh daoine a dhéanann neamhaird ar nó a chuireann bac ar phrótacail na neamhthréithe go bhfuil tionchar ag a ngníomhartha ar dhaoine beo, ag anailís, agus ní hamháin ar staitisticí gan aghaidh. - Oideachas leanúnach leighis ar phrionsabail rialaithe ionfhabhtaithe do gach ball foirne. - A chinntiú go bhfuil foirne ceardaíochta conarthacha oilte agus feistithe go cuí. - Comhdhálacha um thinneas agus básmhaireacht in ospidéil. - Coistí gníomhacha galar ionfhabhtaithe in ospidéil. - iniúchtaí randamacha ar ghalair ionfhabhtaithe in ospidéil agus i gclinicí. - Déan cinnte go bhfuil trealamh cosanta pearsanta leordhóthanach ar fáil. - Is é an Dr. Alfred Dawes an t-uachtarán díreach roimhe seo de Chumann Dochtúirí Leighis Iamáice. Seol aiseolas chuig firstname.lastname@example.org.

With much of our work during this moment of quarantine taking place on online platforms, physical work has been reduced to more intricate, small-scale movements. Tight, controlled gestures operate the mouse/touchpad and keyboard, our most commonly used extensions, allowing for entry into greater digital spaces. In this project, we propose recording the sounds inherent to working on a computer made throughout the day. The recording will encompass the sounds inherent to drawing, writing, virtual navigation and connections, and will function as a marker of routine in a time where normalcy has, for many, developed a new meaning. This experiment plays with sound as the result of work situated in both physical and virtual spaces. As Don Idhe notes in The Auditory Field, clicking sounds exhibit the greatest sense of directionality, yet when working with a mouse/ touchpad, a tool activated by clicks, we often relegate its productive sounds to the background. The clicks are not considered to be directional, but are instead neither ‘here’ nor ‘there,’ indicative of a virtually extended attention. We also hope to investigate the unconscious aspects of movement in this limited workspace. Clicking is intentional, but attention is concentrated in virtual space. Bodily adjustments made in response to producing work in this situation are often unconscious– we do not prepare to shift our weight, recross our legs, stretch, etc but do so when needed. By asking the researchers to wear an article of “noisy” clothing, we hope to capture unintentional movement. The sounds produced as response to a non-physical worksite will be the creaking or rustling of a jacket, an extended skin akin to the extending mouse. In contrast to the sounds produced by clicking and body movement, we also want to engage with attention and physical requirements. When a researcher needs to get up (to eat, use the restroom, intentionally stretch, etc), they are asked to stop the recording and make a note of the time. Each break from work will be translated as a silence in the edited recording, marking the researcher’s use of time. In structuring the experiment around a work day spanning 8 hours, we hope to highlight the larger questions of what a work pattern sounds like, particularly within quarantine. While unable to physically go to a place of work, our jobs now occupy the same spaces our domestic lives do, and since many of us do not adhere to hours that would affect a typical office worker, for example, this recording aims to capture the flows in which we engage with our work and the ability or lack thereof to separate from it. Each researcher will submit a file of recordings per the instructions, and the composers will edit the recordings together as a means of equalizing the shared experience of work and as a way to abstract and draw attention to a set of sounds that become background noise. When compressed, what was previously recognized as individual clicks set apart by pauses becomes a chirping click chorus, an unrecognizable set of skittering flows. A density of clicks may appropriate meaning, perhaps indicating the amount of time spent working (a commentary on the transition to digital space) or marking patterns in daily movement. The individual shortened tracks can then be listened to as an abstracted version of the day with the resulting recording approaching the sounds of something situated between a machine and an insect colony. When all of the shortened recordings are put into a single track, we hope to investigate them for similar moments of silence or flows of sound.

<urn:uuid:3414238b-43e5-4d35-ae68-744c3b30edbe>

CC-MAIN-2024-10

https://research.gsd.harvard.edu/riskandresilience/2021/01/20/extension-compression/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473690.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222030017-20240222060017-00480.warc.gz

en

Agus cuid mhór dár gcuid oibre le linn na huaire seo de chearantaine á dhéanamh ar ardáin ar líne, tá obair fhisiceach laghdaithe go gluaiseachtaí níos casta, ar scála beag. Tá an luch/tacábla agus an méarchlár á n-oibriú ag gluaiseachtaí smachtaithe, rialaithe, ár síneadh is coitianta a úsáidtear, ag ligean isteach i spásanna digiteacha níos mó. Sa tionscadal seo, molann muid na fuaimeanna a thagraítear le linn obair ar ríomhaire a dhéanamh i rith an lae. Beidh an taifeadadh a chuimsíonn na fuaimeanna atá i gceist le líníocht, scríbhneoireacht, loingseoireacht fíorúil agus naisc, agus beidh feidhm mar marcóir gnáthamh i am ina bhfuil gnáthamh, do go leor, a fhorbairt ciall nua. Tá an turgnamh seo ag imirt le fuaim mar thoradh ar obair atá suite i spás fisiciúil agus fíorúil araon. Mar a thugann Don Idhe faoi deara in The Auditory Field, léiríonn fuaimeanna cliceáil an tuiscint is mó ar threocht, ach nuair a bhíonn muid ag obair le luch/tacpad, uirlis a ghníomhaítear le cliceáil, is minic a chuireann muid a fuaimeanna táirgiúla ar chúlra. Ní mheastar go bhfuil na cliceálacha treoracha, ach ní anseo ná ansin iad, a léiríonn aird beagnach leathnaithe. Tá súil againn freisin go ndéanfaidh muid imscrúdú ar na gnéithe neamhfhiosach den ghluaiseacht sa spás oibre teoranta seo. Tá cliceáil intinn, ach tá aird dírithe ar spás fíorúil. Is minic nach mbíonn na coigeartuithe coirp a dhéantar mar fhreagra ar obair a tháirgeadh sa chás seo aineolach ní ullmhaímid chun ár meáchan a aistriú, ár gcosa a chur ar ais, a shíneadh, srl. ach déanaimid amhlaidh nuair is gá. Trí iarraidh ar na taighdeoirí earraí éadaí noisy a chaitheamh, tá súil againn gluaiseacht neamhbheartaithe a ghabháil. Is é an fuaim a tháirgtear mar fhreagra ar shuíomh oibre neamh-fheidhmiúil ná scraping nó rustling seaicéad, craiceann leathnaithe cosúil leis an luch leathnaithe. I gcodarsnacht leis na fuaimeanna a tháirgtear trí chliceáil agus gluaiseacht coirp, ba mhaith linn dul i ngleic le aird agus riachtanais fhisiciúla. Nuair a bhíonn gá le taighdeoir éirí (a ithe, an seomra folctha a úsáid, síneadh a dhéanamh go ciallmhar, srl.), iarrtar orthu an taifeadadh a stopadh agus an t-am a thabhairt faoi deara. Déanfar gach sos ó obair a aistriú mar dhúshlán sa taifeadta arna eisiúint, ag marcáil úsáid ama an taighdeora. Agus an turgnamh á struchtúrú timpeall ar lá oibre a shíneann 8 uair an chloig, tá súil againn na ceisteanna níos mó a chur i bhfios ar an gcineál oibre a bhfuil fuaim air, go háirithe laistigh de cheathrú. Cé nach féidir linn dul go fisiciúil chuig áit oibre, cuireann ár gcuid post ar bun na spásanna céanna atá á n-úsáid againn inár saol baile, agus ós rud é nach gcloíonn go leor againn le huaireanta a d'fhéadfadh tionchar a bheith acu ar oibrí oifige tipiciúil, mar shampla, tá sé mar aidhm ag an taifeadadh seo na sreabha a ghabháil a bhfuil muid ag gabháil leo lenár gcuid oibre agus an cumas nó an easpa sin a scaradh uaidh. Cuirfidh gach taighdeoir comhad taifid isteach de réir na treoracha, agus déanfaidh na hachomhlaitheoirí na taifid a chur in eagar le chéile mar mhodh chun an taithí chomhroinnte oibre a chothromú agus mar bhealach chun achoimre a dhéanamh agus aird a tharraingt ar shraith fuaimeanna a thagann chun bheith ina torann cúlra. Nuair a chuirtear isteach é, is é an rud a aithníodh roimhe seo mar chliceanna aonair a scriosadh le paisean a bheith ina chorus cliceáil chirping, sraith neamh-aithinithe de shreabhadh skittering. D'fhéadfadh ciall cuí a bheith ag dlús cnaipí, b'fhéidir ag léiriú an méid ama a chaitear ag obair (comharsanacht ar an aistriú go spás digiteach) nó ag marcáil patrúin i ngluaiseacht laethúil. Is féidir na rianta gearrithe aonair a éisteacht ansin mar leagan astaraithe den lá agus an taifeadadh a thagann as sin ag teacht le fuaimeanna rud éigin atá suite idir meaisín agus coilíneacht inseicte. Nuair a chuirtear na taifid ghearrta go léir i rian amháin, tá súil againn iad a fhiosrú le haghaidh nóiméad ciúin nó sreabha fuaime den chineál céanna.

Happy Together: Pets and Your Kids Many family pets are great with kids, and most kids love animals, too! Most animals are friendly, but sometimes bites and scratches happen. Whether it is a family pet, a stray animal, or an animal at a “petting zoo,” it is important to teach your kids how to be safe around animals. Pet or No Pet? Animals are a lot of work. They require a lot of care and attention. Before bringing a pet into your home, ask yourself: Do I have enough space for a pet? Do I have time to train a pet? Is everyone in the house ready for a pet? Can I afford veterinarian bills and other needs? Consider anyone in your home that may have allergies or asthma. Be sure your home and lifestyle are ready for a pet before you get one. Remember to take your time. Do some research and pick a pet that works for your family. A family dog with a calm temperament may be best for small children, while a hamster is better for older children who can be more independently responsible. If you do decide to bring a pet home, here are some things to consider: - Keep areas that the animal sleeps, eats or lives in tidy. Clean up after your pet regularly. - Have your pet checked by a veterinarian regularly and keep up to date on all shots. - Put food, leashes and water bowls away from where small children can reach. - Teach children not to disturb a pet while it is eating or sleeping. - Bites tend to happen if an animal is teased, hurt or played with too roughly. Always supervise babies and young children. Teach them from a young age to be gentle, and to never hit or kick animals. - Wash your hands after touching pets and before eating, and have your children do the same. Any animal bites or scratches should be washed with soap immediately and seen by a doctor the same day. If your child looks like they have are experiencing allergic symptoms around your pet (sneezing, itchy eyes and nose), seek medical care. Teach your children how to interact with animals they don't know. Never pet an unfamiliar animal and if the owner is present, always ask permission before. If your child is afraid of an animal, be kind and understanding. Don’t force an interaction and allow them to keep as much distance from the animal as they want. When friends come to your house, make sure they are comfortable with your pet. If not, keep your pet in a separate room or outside until they leave. If your child is approached by a dog off-leash, teach them not to run. Instead they should avoid eye contact and slowly back away. If on a bike, the child should get off the bike and place the bike between himself and the dog and stand still. The dog should lose interest and move away.

<urn:uuid:1ccd25db-7b51-476d-9239-787e4f5893d7>

CC-MAIN-2020-45

http://helpandhope.org/Parenting_Tips/Kids/pets.asp

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107878921.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022053410-20201022083410-00574.warc.gz

en

Beo Le Chéile: Peataí agus do Leanaí Tá go leor peataí teaghlaigh iontach le páistí, agus is breá le formhór na bpáistí ainmhithe freisin! Tá an chuid is mó ainmhithe cairdiúil, ach uaireanta bíonn bites agus scratches a tharlaíonn. Cibé an peata teaghlaigh é, peata stró, nó peata i "pets zoo", tá sé tábhachtach do pháistí a mhúineadh conas a bheith sábháilte i measc ainmhithe. Peataí nó Gan Peataí? Is é an ainmhithe a lán oibre. Éilíonn siad go leor cúraim agus aird. Sula gcuireann tú peata isteach i do theach, fiafraigh díot féin: An bhfuil go leor spáis agam do pheata? An bhfuil am agam peata a thraenáil? An bhfuil gach duine sa teach réidh le haghaidh peataí? An féidir liom billí tréidliachta agus riachtanais eile a íoc? Smaoinigh ar aon duine i do theach a d'fhéadfadh ailléirgí nó asthma a bheith aige. Bí cinnte go bhfuil do theach agus do stíl mhaireachtála réidh le haghaidh peata sula bhfaigheann tú ceann. Cuimhnigh a ghlacadh do chuid ama. Déan roinnt taighde agus roghnaigh peata a oireann do do theaghlach. D'fhéadfadh madra teaghlaigh a bhfuil a temperament socair a bheith is fearr do leanaí beaga, agus is fearr le hamster do leanaí níos sine a d'fhéadfadh a bheith níos freagrach go neamhspleách. Má chinneann tú peata a thabhairt abhaile, seo roinnt rudaí le breithniú: - Coinnigh áiteanna ina chodlaíonn, ina n-itheann nó ina gcónaíonn an t-ainmhí glan. Glan do pheata go rialta. - Déan do pheata a sheiceáil go rialta ag feirmeoir agus coinnigh suas chun dáta gach lámhaigh. - Bia, leashes agus boladh uisce a chur ar shiúl ó áit a bhfuil leanaí beaga in ann teacht. - Múineann leanaí gan a bheith ag cur isteach ar peataí agus iad ag ithe nó ag codladh. - Is gnách go dtarlaíonn cnámh má dhéantar an t-ainmhí a shéanadh, a ghortú nó a imirt go ró-ghruama. Coinnigh maoirseacht i gcónaí ar naíonáin agus ar leanaí óga. Múineann siad ó aois óg a bheith milis, agus a bhuail nó a chothú ainmhithe riamh. - Nigh do lámha tar éis duit teagmháil a dhéanamh le peataí agus sula n-itheann tú, agus lig do leanaí an rud céanna a dhéanamh. Ba chóir aon bhite nó scratches ainmhithe a ní le gallúnach láithreach agus a fheiceáil ag dochtúir an lá céanna. Má tá sé cosúil go bhfuil comharthaí ailléirgeacha ag do leanbh timpeall do pheata (sneezing, súile agus srón itchy), féach ar chúram leighis. Múin do leanaí conas idirghníomhú le hainmhithe nach bhfuil ar eolas acu. Ná pet riamh ainmhí anaithnid agus má tá an t-úinéir i láthair, iarr cead i gcónaí roimh. Má tá eagla ar do leanbh ar ainmhí, bí kind agus tuigseach. Ná cuir iallach ar idirghníomhaíocht agus lig dóibh an oiread ama a choinneáil ón ainmhí is mian leo. Nuair a thagann cairde chuig do theach, déan cinnte go bhfuil siad compordach le do pheata. Mura bhfuil, coinnigh do pheata i seomra ar leithligh nó lasmuigh go dtí go dtéann siad. Má thagann madra gan líonadh i dtreo do pháiste, múin dóibh gan rith. Ina áit sin ba chóir dóibh teagmháil súl a sheachaint agus éirí siar go mall. Má tá sé ar rothar, ba cheart don leanbh teacht as an rothar agus an rothar a chur idir é féin agus an madra agus seasamh go ciúin. Ba chóir go gcaillfeadh an madra an spéis agus go dtiocfadh sé ar shiúl.

From: European Space Agency Posted: Thursday, July 12, 2012 Satellite measurements show that nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere over parts of Europe and the US has fallen over the past decade. More than 15 years of atmospheric observations have revealed trends in air quality. As the world's population increases, economies in many countries are also growing and populations are concentrating in large cities. With the use of fossil fuels still on the rise, pollution in large cities is also increasing. Nitrogen dioxide is an important pollutant in the troposphere, the lowest portion of our atmosphere. Satellite observations of it began with the launch of the ERS-2 satellite in 1995 and its GOME instrument, originally designed for monitoring atmospheric ozone. Monitoring continued with the Sciamachy sensor on Envisat, OMI on NASA's Aura and GOME-2 on Eumetsat's MetOp. This set of instruments shows, that over the years, nitrogen dioxide levels have decreased in the US and Europe, but increased in the Middle East and parts of Asia. "The changes observed from space can be explained by two effects: increased use of fossil fuels in evolving economies, leading to increased pollution and improvements in technology - like cleaner cars - leading to reduced pollution," explained Andreas Richter, a scientist with the Institute of Environmental Physics at the University of Bremen in Germany. "These changes in pollution levels are surprisingly rapid, and satellites are the only way to monitor them globally. "For this, the long-term availability of satellite instruments that can monitor pollution is of key importance." In the US, urban areas in the state of California showed a consistent drop in nitrogen dioxide. "Airborne and ground-based measurements supported the findings from the satellite data," said Si-Wan Kim from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "The satellite measurements are now being used to improve the emission inventory in California." These results were recently presented at the 'Advances in Atmospheric Science and Applications' conference in Bruges, Belgium. Organised by ESA, the conference looked at the remote sensing of trace gases in the atmosphere, clouds and aerosols, greenhouse gases and air quality monitoring. Beside the scientific exploitation of satellite data, the conference also focused on how information from past Earth observation missions can complement current data for climate monitoring. The use of current mission data for defining future missions and exploitation programmes is also important. The Sentinel-4 and -5 missions being developed under Europe's Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme will continue to provide measurements of atmospheric chemistry, enabling the development of services especially for monitoring air quality over Europe. // end //

<urn:uuid:17f4191a-1af6-4c92-97a2-866b535e3189>

CC-MAIN-2018-09

http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=37776

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813109.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220224819-20180221004819-00222.warc.gz

en

Ó: Gníomhaireacht Spáis na hEorpa Postáilte: Déardaoin, 12 Iúil, 2012 Léiríonn tomhais satailíte gur thit dé-ocsaíd nítrigine sa bhoinn atmaisféar thar codanna den Eoraip agus na SA le deich mbliana anuas. Tá treochtaí i gcáilíocht an aeir nochtta le breis agus 15 bliain de bhreathnóireachtaí atmaisféaracha. De réir mar a mhéadaíonn daonra an domhain, tá geilleagair i go leor tíortha ag fás freisin agus tá daonra ag tiúchan i gcathracha móra. De bharr go bhfuil úsáid breoslaí iontaise ag méadú, tá truailliú sna cathracha móra ag méadú freisin. Is truailleoir tábhachtach é dé-ocsaíd nítrigine sa trópasféar, an chuid is ísle dár n-atmaisféar. Thosaigh breathnóireachtaí satailíte air le seoladh satailíte ERS-2 i 1995 agus a ionstraim GOME, a ceapadh ar dtús chun faireachán a dhéanamh ar oisón san atmaisféar. Lean an faireachán leis an mbraiteoir Sciamachy ar Envisat, OMI ar Aura NASA agus GOME-2 ar MetOp Eumetsat. Taispeánann an sraith ionstraimí seo, go bhfuil leibhéil dé-ocsaíd nítrigine laghdaithe thar na blianta sna Stáit Aontaithe agus san Eoraip, ach méadaithe sa Mheánoirthear agus i gcodanna den Áise. "Is féidir na hathruithe a breathnaítear ón spás a mhíniú trí dhá éifeacht: úsáid mhéadaithe breoslaí iontaise i ngeilleagair atá ag teacht chun cinn, rud a fhágann go bhfuil truailliú níos mó ann, agus feabhsuithe i dteicneolaíocht - cosúil le gluaisteáin níos glaine - a fhágann go bhfuil truailliú níos lú ann", a mhínigh Andreas Richter, eolaí in Institiúid Fhisice Comhshaoil Ollscoil Bremen sa Ghearmáin. "Tá na hathruithe seo i leibhéil thruailliú ionadh tapa, agus is iad satailítí an t-aon bhealach chun iad a mhaoirsiú go domhanda. "Chun seo, tá sé ríthábhachtach go mbeidh ionstraimí satailíte atá in ann imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar thruailliú ar fáil ar feadh i bhfad". Sna Stáit Aontaithe, léirigh ceantair uirbeacha i stát California titim leanúnach i dtoicéad nítrigine. "D'fhormheas méideanna aer agus talamh-bhunaithe na torthaí ó na sonraí satailíte", a dúirt Si-Wan Kim ó Riarachán Náisiúnta na Stát Aontaithe um Aigéin agus an Atmosféar. "Tá na tomhais satailíte á n-úsáid anois chun an fardal astaíochtaí i California a fheabhsú". Cuireadh na torthaí seo i láthair le déanaí ag an gcomhdháil 'Advances in Atmospheric Science and Applications' i Bruges, an Bheilg. D'eagraigh an ESA an chomhdháil, agus díreoidh sí ar an tearbhrath de gháis rian sa t-atmaisféar, scamaill agus aeróisíní, gáis cheaptha teasa agus faireachán ar cháilíocht an aeir. Chomh maith le saothrú eolaíoch sonraí satailíte, dírigh an chomhdháil freisin ar an gcaoi ar féidir le faisnéis ó mhisin bhreathnóireachta an Domhain roimhe seo sonraí reatha a chomhlánú le haghaidh faireachán aeráide. Tá sé tábhachtach freisin sonraí reatha na misean a úsáid chun miseanna agus cláir shaothrú amach anseo a shainiú. Leanfaidh na misin Sentinel-4 agus -5 atá á bhforbairt faoi chlár Monatóireacht Domhanda na hEorpa ar an gComhshaol agus an Slándáil (GMES) le tomhais a dhéanamh ar cheimic an aeir, rud a chuirfidh ar chumas seirbhísí a fhorbairt go háirithe chun faireachán a dhéanamh ar cháilíocht an aeir thar an Eoraip. // deireadh //

The ANSI Standard The ANSI Common Lisp standard (X3.226-1994) is a clear, well thought and well written standard. It defines a sufficently large set of functionality that even complex and large projects can be moved easily across systems and implementations. The standard was written in (1986-1994) with the goal of consolidating and homogenizing best practices in an already existing Common Lisp community. The standard is currently under the aegis of INCITS committee J13. Unfortunately things for which there at the time wasn't sufficent demand, or for which no common consensus of best practices existed, were not standardized. What we seen now is the emergence of new best-practices and (hopefully) their eventual consolidation into standardized interfaces. The ANSI standard is available online: - OSI Interface - POSIX Interface I think we should put everything with ambitions to ubiquity in the same list, but indicate on each line what its current state actually is. e.g. "amop (many implementations, including all Lisps whose CLOS derives from PCL. Some disagreement over exact method arguments)", "acl socket interface (Allegro, partial support in many other lisps by means of acl-compat library)" or "com-example-foo (pipedream, not implemented anywhere)" While these guidelines do not make a standard out of an interface specification, they do greatly enhance the chances of widespread adoption and even eventual standardization. - General design. An API engineered to the requirements of a specific application does not qualify: the interface has to be designed for general use. - Legally unencumbered. A specification should be at least freely implementable. Being freely distributable is obviously a bonus, but probably not necessary. - Maintained. The maintainer of a specification has final authority over it, including future versions. A maintainer can be an individual, organization, or a company. - Versioned. Unimportant as long as only the initial version exists, but paramount later so that the different versions can be differentiated. How to add proposals? - Naming convention. Even if the goal is to provide a canonical interface FOO, it is somewhat presumptuous to hog the namespace with each proposal. Hence use guaranteed unique names like COM-DOMAIN-FOO, COM-METACIRCLES-POSIX, etc. - Storage. The actual text of the proposal should be hosted elsewhere so that change control is possible, with the page itself containing a URL and comments.

<urn:uuid:6b66d2e0-c62f-4ae4-8750-af7597b2da50>

CC-MAIN-2014-52

http://wiki.alu.org/standard

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768309.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00025-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

An Chaighdeán ANSI Is caighdeán soiléir, dea-chomhfhiosach agus dea-scríofa é caighdeán ANSI Common Lisp (X3.226-1994). Sainmhíníonn sé sraith mór go leor feidhmiúlachta ionas gur féidir fiú tionscadail chasta agus móra a aistriú go héasca idir córais agus cur chun feidhmeanna. Scríobhadh an caighdeán i (1986-1994) leis an aidhm na dea-chleachtais a chomhdhlúthú agus a chomhlánú i bpobal Lisp Coiteann atá ann cheana féin. Tá an caighdeán faoi láthair faoi mhaoirseacht choiste INCITS J13. Ar an drochuair, ní raibh na rudaí a raibh éileamh leordhóthanach orthu ag an am, nó nach raibh aon chomhthoil ar na cleachtais is fearr ann, caighdeánaithe. Is é an rud a chonaic muid anois ná na dea-chleachtais nua a bheith ag teacht chun cinn agus (is dóchúil) go mbeidh siad ag daingniú go ceann ama i gcomhéadan caighdeánaithe. Tá caighdeán ANSI ar fáil ar líne: - Idirlíon OSI - Idirlíon POSIX Sílim gur cheart gach rud a bhfuil uaillmhianta aige a bheith in áit ar bith a chur san liosta céanna, ach a chur in iúl ar gach líne cad é a staid reatha i ndáiríre. e.g. "amop (go leor cur chun feidhmeanna, lena n-áirítear gach Lisp a bhfuil CLOS a dhíorthaítear ó PCL. " "acl socket interface (Allegro, tacaíocht pháirteach i go leor lisps eile trí mheán leabharlann acl-compat) " nó "com-example-foo (pipedream, nach bhfuil cur i bhfeidhm in áit ar bith) " Cé nach ndéanann na treoirlínte seo caighdeán as sonraíocht comhéadan, feabhsaíonn siad go mór na seansanna go nglacfar go forleathan iad agus fiú caighdeánú sa deireadh. - Dearadh ginearálta. Ní cháiligh API a ndearnadh a innealtóireacht chun riachtanais iarratais ar leith a chomhlíonadh: ní mór an comhéadan a dhearadh le húsáid go ginearálta. - Gan bhac dlíthiúil. Ba cheart go mbeadh sonraíocht in-fheidhmiúil go saor ar a laghad. Is cinnte gur buntáiste é a bheith inrochtana go saor, ach is dócha nach gá é. - Coinnítear. Tá údarás deiridh ag an gcothaitheoir sonraíochta, lena n-áirítear leaganacha amach anseo. Is féidir le coinneálaí a bheith ina dhuine aonair, ina eagraíocht nó ina chuideachta. - Leagan. Níl sé tábhachtach chomh fada agus nach bhfuil ach an leagan tosaigh ann, ach tá sé tábhachtach níos déanaí ionas gur féidir na leaganacha éagsúla a idirdhealú. Conas tograí a chur leis? - Coinbhinsiún ainmniúcháin. Fiú má tá sé mar aidhm ag an gcomhlacht comhéadan canónach a sholáthar, tá sé rud beag mearbhall an spás ainmneacha a chur i bhfeidhm le gach togra. Dá bhrí sin, bain úsáid as ainmneacha uathúla ráthaithe mar COM-DOMAIN-FOO, COM-METACIRCLES-POSIX, etc. - Stóráil. Ba cheart an téacs iarbhír den togra a óstáil in áit eile ionas go mbeidh sé indéanta rialú a dhéanamh ar athruithe, agus go mbeidh URL agus tuairimí ar an leathanach féin.

Technology is a powerful tool in today’s world. It helps connect people, automate repetitive tasks, and allows instant access to information previously only found in dictionaries. With all the amazing things technology has allowed our society to achieve, have you ever stopped to think how these tools came to fruition? These technology tools begin as an idea in someone’s mind but how do these ideas become a product able to be used by people across the world? What is Knowledge Work? When creating something that isn’t necessarily tangible it’s hard to measure how much effort or time it will take to develop, especially if the result is something new and different every time. This is completely opposite of say a manufacturing company where the employees on a production line produce the same thing over and over again. Very quickly the manufacturing company can determine how much each production line can produce in a certain amount of time since the process is repeatable. When developing a new application or adding new functionality to an existing application, the person completing the work requires specific knowledge and experience. The work is very specific and not repeatable at a large scale. Only the person(s) developing the application can provide input on how long it will take them to create the end product. This type of work is referred to as knowledge work. Why is Visualizing Knowledge Work Important? When developing a new technology product, most customers’ first question is, “When will this product be ready for use?” To provide a response to that question, we first need to identify all the tasks necessary in order to develop the product. Extracting this knowledge and information from the individual(s) completing the work will allow the team to visually see everything that needs to be done and any dependencies between the tasks. This will allow the team to draw conclusions and be able to better estimate when the product will be ready for use. The visual representation also assists the team when working on the product. The visual cues help the team know how much work is remaining vs. completed or if one team member has too many tasks assigned to them to complete everything on time. This visual information can help the team communicate the overall status of the product to the customer. Imagine how difficult gathering this information and providing an accurate status would be if all this information was still only in someone’s mind. How to Visualize Knowledge Work There are several methods to visualizing knowledge work, but we will focus on the general idea and not a specific methodology. - Individuals who will be developing the products should first review what the requirements are for what the team is being asked to create. Typically, there will be some type of documentation that describes what the customer is envisioning. The more detailed the description of the product the more accurate the delivery estimate will be. - Once reviewing the details of the product request, the individuals who will be completing the work should begin to breakdown the product into smaller components of work. The team should continue breaking down each component until they have identified the individual tasks needed to complete each component of the product. - At this point the individuals completing the work can begin estimating the amount of time it will take to complete each task based upon their knowledge and experience. The team can also identify if there are any unknowns about the task that they will need to research or if there are any dependencies between tasks. - Next the team should begin laying out the order in which they plan to complete each task. This should be based upon prioritization of what the customer ranks as critical to success, the team’s capacity, and any dependencies between tasks. - Once the plan is established, the group can begin the work. This is another point in the process where it’s very important to visualize the work in order to monitor progress. All tasks, at a minimum, should be identified as either not started, in progress, or done and identify who is completing the work. One tool that is typically used in product development is the Kanban board (shown below). As you can see, at a quick glance you can gather a lot of information from a Kanban board. The status of each task and the overall status of the work, who is working on what, dependencies between tasks, and any issues that are preventing tasks from moving forward should all be present on the board. With the work visualized the team can limit the amount of work in progress so they can really focus on the task at hand and reduce multitasking which can sometimes lead to too many things started, but nothing finished. The visual representation can also assist in continuous improvement by allowing the team to see recurring issues. How Do I Get Started? Is your organization involved in knowledge work or do you need a customized product created but still not quite sure how to implement the visual tools? Let eimagine help your teams break down complex knowledge work into smaller tasks and create the visual tool to help you manage the work being done. Check out how to get started today with eimagine! By Whitney Deal – Senior Project Manager

<urn:uuid:a9f36caa-5489-424e-b4f9-02141c43a520>

CC-MAIN-2024-10

https://www.eimagine.com/importance-of-visualizing-knowledge-work/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474852.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229170737-20240229200737-00334.warc.gz

en

Is uirlis chumhachtach í an teicneolaíocht sa saol atá againn inniu. Cabhraíonn sé le daoine a nascadh, tascanna athdhéanta a uathoibriú, agus ceadaíonn sé rochtain láithreach ar fhaisnéis nach bhfaightear ach i bhfoclóirí roimhe seo. Leis na rudaí iontacha go léir a lig teicneolaíocht dár sochaí a bhaint amach, an ndeachaigh tú riamh ag smaoineamh ar conas a tháinig na huirlisí seo chun críche? Tosaíonn na huirlisí teicneolaíochta seo mar smaoineamh i gcuimhne duine ach conas a thagann na smaointe seo chun bheith ina dtáirge a d'fhéadfadh daoine ar fud an domhain a úsáid? Cad é Oibre Eolais? Nuair a chruthaítear rud nach bhfuil inláimhsithe go forleathan, tá sé deacair a thomhas cé mhéad iarrachta nó ama a thógfaidh sé a fhorbairt, go háirithe má tá an toradh rud éigin nua agus difriúil gach uair. Tá sé seo go hiomlán contrártha le rá cuideachta déantúsaíochta ina bhfuil na fostaithe ar líne táirgthe an rud céanna arís agus arís eile. Is féidir leis an gcuideachta déantúsaíochta a chinneadh go han-tapa cé mhéad is féidir le gach líne táirgthe a tháirgeadh i méid áirithe ama ós rud é go bhfuil an próiseas inathraithe. Nuair a bhíonn feidhmchlár nua á fhorbairt nó feidhmiúlacht nua á chur le feidhmchlár atá ann cheana, éilíonn an duine a chríochnaíonn an obair eolas agus taithí ar leith. Tá an obair an-sonrach agus ní féidir í a athdhéanamh ar scála mór. Ní féidir ach leis an duine (í) a fhorbairt an t-iarratas a chur isteach ar cé chomh fada a thógfaidh sé dóibh a chruthú an táirge deiridh. Tugtar obair eolais ar an gcineál oibre seo. Cén fáth go bhfuil sé tábhachtach obair eolais a shamhlú? Nuair a bhíonn táirge nua teicneolaíochta á fhorbairt, is é an chéad cheist a bhíonn ag formhór na gcustaiméirí ná, 'Cé nuair a bheidh an táirge seo réidh le húsáid?' Chun freagra a thabhairt ar an gceist sin, ní mór dúinn na tascanna go léir is gá chun an táirge a fhorbairt a shainaithint ar dtús. Má bhaintear an t-eolas agus an fhaisnéis seo amach ó na daoine aonair (í) a chríochnaíonn an obair, ligfear don fhoireann gach rud a chaithfidh a dhéanamh a fheiceáil go pictiúil agus aon spleáchas idir na tascanna. Cuirfidh sé seo ar chumas an fhoireann conclúidí a tharraingt agus a bheith in ann meastachán níos fearr a dhéanamh ar an am a mbeidh an táirge réidh le húsáid. Cuidíonn an léiriú amhairc leis an bhfoireann freisin agus iad ag obair ar an táirge. Cuidíonn na leideanna amhairc leis an bhfoireann a fháil amach cé mhéad oibre atá fágtha i gcoinne críochnaithe nó má tá ró-thasc sannta do chomhalta amháin den fhoireann gach rud a chríochnú in am. Is féidir leis an bhfaisnéis amhairc seo cuidiú leis an bhfoireann stádas foriomlán an táirge a chur in iúl don chustaiméir. Samhlaigh cé chomh deacair a bheadh an fhaisnéis seo a bhailiú agus stádas cruinn a sholáthar dá mbeadh an fhaisnéis seo go léir i gcuimhne duine amháin fós. Conas a shamhlú go bhfuil an t-oibre eolais ag obair Tá roinnt modhanna ann chun obair eolais a shamhlú, ach díreoimid ar an smaoineamh ginearálta agus ní ar mhodheolaíocht shonrach. - Ba cheart do dhaoine aonair a bheidh ag forbairt na dtáirgí athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar dtús ar na riachtanais atá le haghaidh na rudaí a iarrtar ar an bhfoireann a chruthú. De ghnáth, beidh cineál éigin doiciméadú ann a chuireann síos ar a bhfuil an custaiméir ag súil leis. An méid is mionsonraithe a bheidh an tuairisc ar an táirge, is amhlaidh a bheidh an meastachán seachadta níos cruinne. - Nuair a bheidh sonraí an iarratais ar tháirge á n-athbhreithniú acu, ba cheart do na daoine aonair a bheidh ag críochnú na hoibre tosú ag an táirge a bhriseadh síos i gcomhpháirteanna níos lú oibre. Ba cheart don fhoireann leanúint de gach comhpháirt a bhriseadh síos go dtí go mbeidh na tascanna aonair a theastaíonn chun gach comhpháirt den táirge a chríochnú sainaitheanta acu. - Ag an bpointe seo is féidir leis na daoine aonair a chríochnaíonn an obair a thomhas an méid ama a thógfaidh sé chun gach tasc a chríochnú bunaithe ar a gcuid eolais agus taithí. Is féidir leis an bhfoireann a aithint freisin má tá aon rud anaithnid faoin tasc a mbeidh orthu a thaighde nó má tá aon spleáchas idir tascanna. - Ansin ba cheart don fhoireann tús a chur leis an ord ina bhfuil sé beartaithe acu gach tasc a chur i gcrích. Ba cheart go mbeadh sé seo bunaithe ar thosaíocht a thabhairt do na rudaí a mheasann an custaiméir a bheith ríthábhachtach chun rath a bhaint amach, cumas an fhoireann, agus aon spleáchas idir tascanna. - Nuair a bheidh an plean bunaithe, is féidir leis an ngrúpa tosú ar an obair. Is pointe eile sa phróiseas é seo ina bhfuil sé an-tábhachtach an obair a shamhlú chun faireachán a dhéanamh ar dhul chun cinn. Ba cheart gach tasc, ar a laghad, a shainaithint mar tasc nach bhfuil tosaithe, atá i mbun oibre, nó atá déanta agus a shainaithint cé atá ag críochnú na hoibre. Is é an bord Kanban (is léirithe thíos) uirlis amháin a úsáidtear de ghnáth i bhforbairt táirge. Mar a fheiceann tú, le haicéad tapa is féidir leat a lán faisnéise a bhailiú ó bhord Kanban. Ba cheart go mbeadh stádas gach tasc agus stádas foriomlán an oibre, cé atá ag obair ar cad, spleáchas idir tascanna, agus aon saincheisteanna a chuireann cosc ar tascanna dul ar aghaidh, i láthair ar an mbord. Leis an obair a léirítear is féidir leis an bhfoireann méid na hoibre atá ar siúl a theorannú ionas gur féidir leo díriú go fírinneach ar an tasc atá ar láimh agus multitasking a laghdú a d'fhéadfadh a bheith mar thoradh ar ró-dhaoine a thosaigh, ach gan aon rud críochnaithe. Is féidir leis an léiriú amhairc cuidiú le feabhsú leanúnach freisin trí ligean don fhoireann saincheisteanna athfhillteacha a fheiceáil. Conas a Thosaím? An bhfuil baint ag do eagraíocht le hobair eolais nó an gá duit táirge saincheaptha a chruthú ach nach bhfuil tú cinnte go fóill conas na huirlisí amhairc a chur i bhfeidhm? Lig do eimagine cabhrú le do fhoirne obair eolais chasta a bhriseadh síos i gcúraimí níos lú agus an uirlis amhairc a chruthú chun cabhrú leat an obair atá á dhéanamh a bhainistiú. Féach ar conas tosú inniu le eimagine! Le Whitney Deal Bainisteoir Sinsearach an Tionscadail

When an ore’s valuable deposit, such as copper or gold, is extracted, what remains of the ore is waste. Often, it is a high percentage of the ore handled at the mine. Potentially contaminated from the extraction process or containing environmentally harmful components, tailings must be isolated to prevent long-term environmental damage. Design engineers working on mines must allot signifi cant space for proper containment of tailings. All or much of this area must be sealed with an impermeable geosynthetic (e.g., geomembrane) or composite lining system (e.g., geomembrane / geosynthetic clay liner). These sealing systems protect the base and walls of an impoundment. Often, the surface of the tailings will be covered by a geosynthetic system after cell or mine closure. As mine sites increase in size, the engineering needed to properly contain the volume of tailings has intensifi ed. This scaling up of containment frequently requires not just lining systems but reinforcement and sealing systems for perimeter berms on tailings pond. Weaker, earthen-only berms are at risk of saturation, erosion, and failure. Furthermore, the increasing depth of tailings storage ponds requires stronger containment engineering design. The geosynthetics used must be durable and proven in aggressive environments over the long term. The depth of a tailings pond might exceed 75 m, for example. In these cases, the contaminated, generally sludgy waste is too deep and hazardous for the lining and reinforcement system to be monitored. With the environmental security of the site relying on these environmental protection systems, the geosynthetics selected must be trusted. Carbofol® high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes feature exceptional chemical, stress crack, and UV resistance. Their durability and chemical compatibility is well-supported by data and project records in tailings management. Secutex® geotextiles provide long-term, robust protection of and frictional stability for geomembranes, berm filter control, slope stability, and more. Secugrid® and Combigrid® geogrids offer high resistance to chemical and biological threats. Their homogenous flat bars and high-strength welded junctions offer long-term, robust reinforcement of soil structures. Additionally, composite lining solutions (Carbofol® geomembranes with Bentofix® GCLs) provide efficient, longterm lining performance and exceptional environmental protection in tailings management installations.

<urn:uuid:a6c18685-ceef-49c8-b812-663a336a2a2a>

CC-MAIN-2020-45

https://www.naue.com/ie/applications/mining/tailings-management/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107874026.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020162922-20201020192922-00372.warc.gz

en

Nuair a dhéantar taisce luachmhar miotal, mar shampla copar nó ór, a bhaint amach, is dramhaíl an rud a fhanann den miotal. Is minic, is céatadán ard den mhiorán a láimhseáiltear sa mhian. Ní mór na tailings a d'fhéadfadh a bheith truaillithe ón bpróiseas eastósctha nó ina bhfuil comhpháirteanna díobhálacha don chomhshaol a bheith iontu a leithdháileadh chun damáiste fadtéarmach don chomhshaol a chosc. Ní mór d'innealtóirí dearadh a oibríonn ar mhianna spás suntasach a leithdháileadh chun tailings a choinneáil go cuí. Ní mór an limistéar seo go léir nó cuid mhór de a shéaladh le córas líonadh geosintéiseach neamh-thréimhseach (m.sh., geomembrane) nó comhdhéanta (m.sh., líonadh geomembrane / geosintéiseach). Cosnaíonn na córais shéalaithe seo bun agus ballaí an impoundment. Is minic a dhéantar dromchla na n-eisc a chlúdach le córas geosintéiseach tar éis dúnadh cille nó mianach. De réir mar a mhéadaíonn limistéir mianach, tá an t-innealtóireacht is gá chun an méid tailings a choinneáil go cuí tar éis a bheith dian. Is minic a éilíonn an scála seo ar shrianadh ní hamháin córais líonta ach córais athneartaithe agus séalaithe do bhramha perimeter ar loch tailings. Tá bairms níos laige, atá dírithe ar dhroim amháin i mbaol a bheith lán, a bheith ag creimeadh agus a bheith ag titim. Ina theannta sin, tá gá le dearadh innealtóireachta feithimh níos láidre de bharr an domhain méadaitheach atá ag lochanna stórála tailings. Ní mór go mbeadh na géasintéiseacha a úsáidtear buan agus cruthaithe i dtimpeallachtaí ionsaitheach thar thréimhse fhada. D'fhéadfadh doimhneacht loch tailings dul thar 75 m, mar shampla. Sna cásanna seo, tá an dramhaíl truaillithe, atá i gcoitinne mar dhramhaíl, ró-fhada agus contúirteach chun an córas liathróide agus athneartaithe a rianú. Agus slándáil chomhshaoil an láithreáin ag brath ar na córais cosanta comhshaoil seo, ní mór go mbeadh muinín ag na geosintéithe a roghnaítear. Tá géomhamhráin ardthimpealltachta póiléitiléine (HDPE) Carbofol® resistant go hiontach i gcoinne ceimiceán, creicteacht strus agus UV. Tá a n-inbhuanaitheacht agus a gcomhoiriúnacht ceimiceach go maith le tacaíocht ó shonraí agus taifid tionscadail i mbainistiú tailings. Soláthraíonn geotextiles Secutex® cosaint fadtéarmach, láidir agus cobhsaíocht frithghrutha do gheomhamhráin, rialú scagaire berm, cobhsaíocht sléibhe, agus go leor eile. Cuireann geogrids Secugrid® agus Combigrid® friotaíocht ard i gcoinne bagairtí ceimiceacha agus bitheolaíocha. Cuireann a mbarraí cothrom coibhneasta agus a gcodanna leantosaithe ard-neart neart fadtéarmach, láidir ar struchtúir ithreach. Ina theannta sin, soláthairtí líonta comhcheangailte (geomembranes Carbofol® le Bentofix® GCLanna) soláthraíonn feidhmíocht líonta éifeachtach, fadtéarmach agus cosaint eisceachtúil don chomhshaol in suiteálacha bainistíochta tailings.

Oneida Iroquois: Folklore, Myth, and History Newly discovered Oneida folklore sheds light on a rich yet nearly forgotten body of Native American verbal literature and how oral traditions are born and develop. Uncovering traditional tales told over the course of 400 years, the author further defines and considers endurance and sequence in mythic content. Finally, possible links between Oneida folklore and material culture are explored in discussions of craftworks and archaeological artifacts of cultural and symbolic importance. Hardcover, 261 pages. Click to enlarge image.

<urn:uuid:366d97a0-c198-4746-beff-d1aeb8f599c0>

CC-MAIN-2014-52

http://www.fenimoreartmuseum.org/store/products/oneida_iroquois_folklore_myth_and_history

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802769550.123/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075249-00059-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Oneida Iroquois: Folclóir, Míth, agus Stair Cuireann an t-ealaín tíre Oneida a fuarthas le déanaí léargas ar chomhlacht saibhir ach beagnach dearmadta litríochta bhéal Mheiriceá Dúchasach agus ar an gcaoi a rugadh agus a d'fhorbair traidisiúin bhéal. Ag nochtadh scéalta traidisiúnta a dúradh thar 400 bliain, sainmhíníonn an t-údar agus déanann sé machnamh níos mó ar sheasmhacht agus ar shraith i ábhar miotasach. Ar deireadh, déantar iniúchadh ar naisc a d'fhéadfadh a bheith idir folclóir Oneida agus cultúr ábhartha i ndíospóireachtaí ar shaotharlann agus ar earraí seandálaíochta a bhfuil tábhacht chultúrtha agus siombalach acu. Clúdach crua, 261 leathanach. Cliceáil ar an íomhá chun é a mhéadú.

The Mendenhall lab is working to alleviate age-related disease and suffering by studying individual cells in live animals during the course of aging. What keeps the cells of particularly long-lived, healthy individuals functional for longer amounts of time? This question is particularly striking when considering that genetically identical humans (monozygotic twins) live for different amounts of time and succumb to different diseases. Even in well-controlled laboratory environments, genetically identical animals live for different amounts of time. Dr. Mendenhall’s laboratory uses the nematode C. elegans to understand how and why genetically identical populations of cells and animals in the same environment do different things, specifically how much and what kind of physiological variation is intrinsic/stochastic, programmed, and heritable. Ultimately, they want to know how physiological variation that manifests between genetically identical cells in genetically identical animals affects the aging process. This lab directly observes events inside living cells. They study the causes and consequences of variation in gene expression and differences in cell physiology by using a spectral confocal microscope to measure the physiological properties of individual cells. Many of the different physiological states they observe in single cells may be consequential. Some of these physiological states must be identified by observing multiple processes operating in individual cells, often by observing multiple, single-copy reporter genes or ‘knock-in’ fusions of fluorescent proteins to native genes. Thus, the Mendenhall lab uses an array of reporter genes to identify cellular mechanisms that may cause variation in lifespan by measuring the functionality of different cellular subsystems during the course of aging. They are generating a cell-resolution atlas of age-related changes in gene expression and other kinds of cell physiology. These data are used to generate and test hypotheses to determine mechanisms of cell, organ and organism failure during the natural aging process, and in different disease models, including C. elegans models of cancer (mutated Ras gain of function signaling) and Alzheimer’s disease.

<urn:uuid:a2353884-f127-4288-a088-e7d15823e31b>

CC-MAIN-2018-09

http://www.mendenhall-lab.org/science.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812758.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219171550-20180219191550-00758.warc.gz

en

Tá saotharlann Mendenhall ag obair chun galair agus fulaingt a bhaineann le haois a mhaolú trí staidéar a dhéanamh ar chealla aonair in ainmhithe beo le linn dul in aois. Cad a choinníonn cealla daoine atá go háirithe fad-bheatha, sláintiúil ag feidhmiú ar feadh tréimhse níos faide? Tá an cheist seo thar a bheith suntasach nuair a mheasann tú go maireann daoine atá comhionann go géiniteach (palann monozygotic) ar feadh tréimhse ama éagsúla agus go dtagann siad faoi ghalair éagsúla. Fiú i dtimpeallachtaí saotharlainne dea-rialta, tá ainmhithe a bhfuil a gcineál géiniteach céanna acu ina gcónaí ar feadh amanna éagsúla. Úsáideann saotharlann an Dr. Mendenhall an nematóid C. elegans chun a thuiscint conas agus cén fáth a ndéanann daonraí atá comhionann go géiniteach de chealla agus ainmhithe sa timpeallacht chéanna rudaí éagsúla, go sonrach cé mhéad agus cén cineál éagsúlachta fiseolaíoch atá intrinsic / stochastic, cláraithe, agus oidhreachta. Sa deireadh, ba mhaith leo a fháil amach conas a théann éagsúlacht fiseolaíoch a léirítear idir cealla atá comhionann go géiniteach in ainmhithe comhionann go géiniteach i bhfeidhm ar an bpróiseas ag dul in aois. Déanann an saotharlann seo breathnóireacht dhíreach ar imeachtaí taobh istigh de chealla beo. Déanann siad staidéar ar na cúiseanna agus na hiarmhairtí a bhaineann le héagsúlacht i ngnéithe agus difríochtaí i fisiolaíocht na gcealla trí mhicreascóp confocal speictreach a úsáid chun airíonna fisiceolaíocha na gcealla aonair a thomhas. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh iarmhairtí ag go leor de na stáit fhisiúlacha éagsúla a breathnaíonn siad i gcealla aonair. Ní mór cuid de na stáit fiseolaíocha seo a aithint trí phróisis iolracha a fheidhmiú i gcealla aonair a bhreathnú, go minic trí ghéiní tuairisceoirí iolracha, cóip amháin nó cumascanna cnoc-i de phróitéiní fluaraiseacha le géiní dúchasacha a bhreathnú. Dá bhrí sin, úsáideann saotharlann Mendenhall sraith de ghéiní tuairisceora chun meicníochtaí ceallacha a aithint a d'fhéadfadh athrú a dhéanamh ar shaolré trí fheidhmiúlacht fhochórais cheallacha éagsúla a thomhas le linn na haosú. Tá siad ag giniúint atlais réitigh chealla de athruithe a bhaineann le haois i ngnéithe a léiriú agus cineálacha eile fisiolóige chealla. Úsáidtear na sonraí seo chun hipoteis a ghiniúint agus a thástáil chun meicníochtaí a chinneadh maidir le teip ar chealla, ar orgáin agus ar ainmhithe le linn an phróisis natural ag dul in aois, agus i múnlaí galar éagsúla, lena n-áirítear samhlacha ailse C. elegans (a fháil Ras a mhúineadh ar chomharthaíocht feidhme) agus galar Alzheimer.

This report describes the development and application of a seismic method of procedure for making studies of submarine geology. Any new tool for gaining information about the submerged portion of the earth’s crust would be noteworthy because few such tools are available. The present method merits additional consideration because its findings are directly translatable into such concrete terms as depth to certain horizons in the rocks and the elastic constants of the rocks. In the seismic method, elastic waves, which are produced by means of explosives, travel through the upper layers of the earth to seismographs or geophones, which serve to measure the travel-time of the waves. In the seismic reflection method, the elastic waves studied are those that have gone almost directly downward and have returned to the surface as echoes from subterranean discontinuities. In the seismic refraction method, the waves studied are those that have penetrated to . . .

<urn:uuid:617f13da-e0a2-4a42-9b95-aa880854cb52>

CC-MAIN-2018-09

https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-abstract/48/6/753/3577/part-i-methods-and-results?redirectedFrom=fulltext

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891815812.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180224132508-20180224152508-00722.warc.gz

en

Déantar cur síos sa tuarascáil seo ar fhorbairt agus ar chur i bhfeidhm modheolaíoch seismic chun staidéir a dhéanamh ar gheolaíocht faoi mhuir. Ba chóir aird a thabhairt ar aon uirlis nua chun faisnéis a fháil faoi chuid faoi uisce de chréat na talún toisc nach bhfuil mórán uirlisí den sórt sin ar fáil. Is fiú an modh seo a mheas go breise toisc go bhfuil a chuid torthaí in-athraithe go díreach i dtéarmaí chomh sonrach sin mar doimhneacht do thréimhsí áirithe sna carraigeacha agus na seasmhaí soladach sna carraigeacha. Sa mhodh seismic, téann tonnta elastic, a tháirgtear trí bhíthin spréacháin, trí shraith uachtaracha an domhain go seismagraif nó geofónna, a úsáideann chun am taistil na tonnta a thomhas. Sa mhodh athchomharthaí seismic, is iad na tonnta elastach a ndéantar staidéar orthu iad siúd a chuaigh beagnach go díreach síos agus a d'fhill ar an dromchla mar echos ó neamhsheasmhachtaí faoi thalamh. Sa mhodh athchruthaithe seismic, is iad na tonnta a staidéar a rinne dul isteach go . . . go deo . . . go deo .

At the dawn of 1919, Fresno faced twin crises—a second flu wave and a political struggle over who was in charge of the city’s emergency response to the epidemic. When the Fresno Board of Trustees once again rejected the recommendations of the Board of Health, the physicians comprising the latter committee resigned en masse in protest. Meanwhile, the deadly virus continued to spread through the community largely unabated. Day 90—Wednesday, Jan. 1, 1919 On the final day of 1918, observed the Fresno Morning Republican on January 1, 1919, the Board of Health selected a three-member civic committee to coordinate the flu response of all city agencies. The new committee was made up of ex-Senator William Chandler, William Glass, president of the Chamber of Commerce, and Charles Cearley, president of the Fresno Merchants’ Association. The Board of Health hoped that it would help “bring about harmony and concern of action” that was necessary to stamp out the ongoing health crisis. In another positive sign that city officials might have figured out how resolve their differences, the Board of Trustees, which had declined to back the Board of Health’s restrictions a few weeks earlier, declared its “determination to stand behind the board of health in any measure” it may adopt. The Board of Health was scheduled to meet on New Year’s Day to draft an ordinance that would be presented at a trustees’ meeting the following day. The Republican also relayed that 85 new flu cases had been reported the day before and the Red Cross hospital was tending to 103 patients. Given the extent of the second outbreak, city health officer Carleton Mathewson stated that if it were up to him, Fresno would implement “general closing” for the next week to ten days. In addition, the paper insisted that the new plan to conduct school remotely, which had commenced two days earlier, was proceeding nicely. As Fresno schools—like many across California and the rest of the country—make preparations for remote learning this fall in order to stem the spread of our own viral outbreak, it is worth noting that we have been here before—and without the benefit of tablets, computers, or the World Wide Web. According to Fresno’s 1919 remote learning plan, high school students received their weekly correspondence lessons in the mail, while grammar school students in upper grades followed a “home study” program. Students at Washington Grammar, for instance, had been summoned by telephone to report to school to get assignments for the week. Thereafter, they would come to school each Thursday at various times to turn in work, get new assignments, and meet with their teacher for 50 minutes in groups of 5 or 6. “The home study plan is not being carried out in the elementary grades,” added the Republican, owing to the fact that the pupils will have several years in which to make up the deficiency.” Day 91—Thursday, Jan. 2, 1919 “Drastic Measures Recommended to Check Flu,” announced a Morning Republican headline on January 2, 1919—Day 91 of the epidemic. The Board of Health proposed a series of measures that included: - closing all amusement places, including pool rooms, theaters, bowling allies, and dance halls - closing all other businesses, except restaurants and drug stores, at 7 pm - shuttering all churches - closing all clubrooms, lodges, and other places of assembly at 7 pm - outlawing public gatherings - removing furniture from hotel lobbies City health officer Mathewson, for his part, continued to advocate “a complete closing” of the city. The Board of Trustees was scheduled to consider these recommendations at a special meeting that afternoon. Day 92—Friday, Jan. 3, 1919 Yesterday afternoon, reported the Fresno Morning Republican on January 3, the newly created city committee amended the Board of Health recommendations to include saloons. This addition would redress one of the main objections voiced by pool-room owners, ministers, and other critics of earlier Board of Health recommendations. The amended ordinance would also call for “separation, after 7 p.m., of all guests in restaurants and public dining rooms,” highlighting that social distancing in the face of a contagious virus is also not a new tactic. The Board of Trustees, which had failed to reach a quorum for the special meeting scheduled that day, planned to take up the proposed ordinance in the next day or two. In the meantime, Republican editor Chester H. Rowell published an editorial strongly backing the amended flu ordinance. “It is…not a question either fairness or unfairness to close pool rooms and leave grocery stores open,” he explained. “Both are legitimate business and neither should be discriminated against in favor of the other in ordinary times. But in an emergency like this the business interests of both are ignored and only the public interest is considered.” Rowell then added that “a saloon is by habit a gather place, and it would take more vigilance than is available to reverse this habit. Men in saloons are less cautious than elsewhere.” Day 93—Saturday, Jan. 4, 1919 “City Health Board Resigns After It Is Refused Support,” proclaimed the Fresno Morning Republican on the front page of its January 4th edition. “Blocked in every effort to secure power” from the city trustees “to enforce closing measures,” wrote the paper,” the entire Board of Health had resigned the night before. The civic committee overseeing the epidemic fight supported this move. The city trustees had voted 5-3 in favor of the Board of Heath’s ordinance, but to pass the health measures needed unanimous support from the trustees. Dr. Carleton Mathewson, the city health officer, chose not to follow the board and also resign. “I have done the best I know to check the flu,” he said. “I was making great progress when I was stopped. I do not care to resign. I would rather be kicked out.” “Hot words were exchanged during the meeting before the council,” observed the Republican. Two church representatives strongly objected to church closings. “I wish to know what good it does to close some places and leave open other places?” asked Rev. Father Malloy. “And why you should close the churches and allow the rummages sales to go on, I do not see.” Board of Health president T.M. Hayden said that he and his colleagues felt betrayed for the trustees’ “promises of support had not been kept.” Hayden insisted that the Board of Health’s strict ordinance was necessary because Fresnans had failed to abide by the mask regulation. “I still believe,” he told the city council meeting, “that the mask alone, if properly worn, is sufficient. But it has not been properly worn. Therefore we must do everything—adopt every measure—which we believe will check the spread of the flu.” So, the Board of Health had targeted all “non-essentials” for closure. Dr. Mathewson added that Fresno at that point had the “largest percentage of flu cases of any city in California in proportion to the population.” The three trustees who refused to back the proposed ordinance—and thus sparked the mass resignation—insisted that they would have supported a measure that closed the city entirely. But they couldn’t vote for an ordinance “that closed certain lines of business while department stores and other places where crowds collect were allowed to remain open.” Republican editor Chester Rowell backed the Board of Health’s resignation, calling it “the most effective and dignified way of making protest against the refusal of a decisive minority of the City Trustees to co-operate.” The resignations would not immediately impact ill patients, he held, because the board’s work relates to public policy “not the actual care of the sick.” But by resigning en masse the board members drew attention to the fact that a small number of “inexpert persons” were setting city health policy over the objections of medical authorities. Howell also included an impassioned and timely (both then and now) call to arms: “Doubtless the epidemic will wear itself out in time, even if we surrender to it, after it has used up all the inflammable human material at hand. Some of us will die, and most of us will survive, if nothing is done. But fewer of us will be sick, fewer of us will die, and more of us will survive, if we take united action, under the direction of the best judgment of the authorities who have the responsibility of our protection. And mere fatalistic surrender is not the civilized way of facing such emergencies.” Ethan J. Kytle is a professor of history at California State University, Fresno. His latest book, coauthored with Blain Roberts, is Denmark Vesey’s Garden: Slavery and Memory in the Cradle of the Confederacy, which was published by The New Press in 2018. Ethan’s work has also appeared in the New York Times, the Atlantic, the Washington Post, the Oxford American, the Chronicle of Higher Education, the Civil War Monitor, and the Fresno Bee. For more installments in our Dispatches from Fresno series, click here.

<urn:uuid:c478f5a0-208a-4b6b-ac8c-a60af0608474>

CC-MAIN-2020-50

https://tropicsofmeta.com/2020/07/22/dispatches-from-fresno-1918-19-following-the-spanish-flu-pandemic-in-real-time-part-xvi/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141735395.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204071014-20201204101014-00451.warc.gz

en

Ag tús 1919, bhí géarchéimeanna dúbailte ag Fresno - an dara tonn fliú agus streachailt pholaitiúil ar cé a bhí i gceannas ar fhreagairt éigeandála na cathrach ar an eipidéim. Nuair a dhiúltaigh Bord na nIontrálaithe Fresno arís moltaí an Bhoird Sláinte, d'éirigh na dochtúirí a bhí sa choiste deireanach as a gcuid oibre i gcoinne. Idir an dá linn, lean an víreas marfach ag scaipeadh tríd an bpobal go mór gan mhoill. Lá 90 Dé Céadaoin, 1 Eanáir, 1919 Ar an lá deiridh de 1918, dúirt an Fresno Morning Republican ar 1 Eanáir, 1919, roghnaigh an Bord Sláinte coiste sibhialta trí chomhalta chun freagairt an fhliú a chomhordú ó gach gníomhaireacht cathrach. Bhí an coiste nua comhdhéanta den iar-Shenadóir William Chandler, William Glass, uachtarán an Chámara Trádála, agus Charles Cearley, uachtarán Chumann Trádálaithe Fresno. Bhí an Bord Sláinte ag súil go gcabhródh sé le "comhar agus imní a thabhairt faoi ghníomhaíocht" a bhí riachtanach chun deireadh a chur leis an ngéarchéim sláinte atá ar siúl. I comhartha dearfach eile go bhféadfadh oifigigh na cathrach a bheith tar éis teacht ar bhealach chun a gcuid difríochtaí a réiteach, dhearbhaigh an Bord Cothabhálaithe, a dhiúltaigh tacú le srianta an Bhoird Sláinte cúpla seachtain roimhe sin, a 'chinntiú seasamh taobh thiar den bhord sláinte in aon bheart' a d'fhéadfadh sé a ghlacadh. Bhí sé beartaithe go mbainfeadh an Bord Sláinte le chéile ar Lá na Bliana Nua chun ordú a dhréachtú a chuirfí i láthair ag cruinniú iontaobhaithe an lá dar gcionn. D'fhorbair an Poblachtánach freisin go raibh 85 cás gripe nua tuairiscíodh an lá roimhe sin agus go raibh 103 othar ag freastal ar ospidéal an Chros Dearg. I bhfianaise mhéid an dara ráige, dúirt oifigeach sláinte na cathrach Carleton Mathewson go gcuirfeadh Fresno "dúnadh ginearálta" i bhfeidhm don tseachtain nó do na deich lá amach romhainn dá mbeadh sé de dhualgas air. Ina theannta sin, d'áitigh an pháipéar go raibh an plean nua chun scoil a sheoladh ó thús, a thosaigh dhá lá roimhe sin, ag dul ar aghaidh go maith. De réir mar a dhéanann scoileanna Fresno - cosúil le go leor eile ar fud California agus an chuid eile den tír - ullmhúcháin le haghaidh teagasc ar shiúl an titim seo d'fhonn scaipeadh ár ráig víreasach féin a chosc, is fiú a thabhairt faoi deara go raibh muid anseo roimhe seo - agus gan leas a bhaint as táibléid, ríomhairí, nó an Gréasán Domhanda. De réir phlean foghlama iargúlta Fresno's 1919, fuair mic léinn ardscoile a gcuid ceachtanna comhfhreagracha seachtainiúla sa phost, agus lean mic léinn scoile gramadaí i ngrádaí uachtaracha clár staidéar sa bhaile . Bhí mic léinn ag Washington Grammar, mar shampla, glaoite ar an bhfón chun dul chuig an scoil chun cúraimí a fháil don tseachtain. Ina dhiaidh sin, thiocfadh siad ar scoil gach Déardaoin ag amanna éagsúla chun obair a thabhairt, a bheith ag tabhairt cúraimí nua, agus bualadh lena múinteoir ar feadh 50 nóiméad i ngrúpaí de 5 nó 6. 'Ní dhéantar an plean staidéir sa bhaile a chur i bhfeidhm sna gráid bhunúsacha,' a dúirt an t-Aon-Phoblachtánach, "mar go mbeidh roinnt blianta ag na daltaí chun an easpa a chomhlánú". Lá 91Déardaoin, 2 Eanáir, 1919 Drastic Measures Recommended to Check Flu, a d'fhógair ceannlínte Morning Republican ar 2 Eanáir, 1919 Lá 91 den eipidéim. Mhol an Bord Sláinte sraith beart a chuimsigh: - gach áit siamsaíochta a dhúnadh, seomraí billiard, amharclanna, allies bowlála, agus hallaí damhsa san áireamh - gach gnó eile a dhúnadh, seachas bialanna agus siopaí drugaí, ag 7pm - na heaglaisí go léir a dhúnadh - gach seomra cluba, lóis, agus áiteanna cruinnithe eile a dhúnadh ag 7pm - ag cur na cruinneacha poiblí faoi choir - troscán a bhaint ó lóbaí óstáin Lean oifigeach sláinte na cathrach Mathewson, dá chuid, ag abhcóideacht le 'dúnadh iomlán' na cathrach. Bhí sé beartaithe ag an mBord Cothabhála na moltaí seo a mheas ag cruinniú speisialta an tráthnóna sin. Lá 92Aoine, 3 Eanáir, 1919 Inné déanach, tuairiscíodh an Fresno Morning Republican ar 3 Eanáir, d'athraigh an coiste cathrach nua-chruthaithe moltaí an Bhoird Sláinte chun saloons a áireamh. D'athraigh an t-aistriú seo ceann de na príomh-agóidí a d'fhógair úinéirí seomraí snámha, aireanna, agus léirmheastóirí eile a bhí ag cur na moltaí a rinne an Bord Sláinte roimhe seo. D'iarrfadh an t-ordúneacht leasaithe freisin "a leithligh, tar éis 7pm, de na hóstach go léir i mbialann agus i seomraí bia poiblí", ag cur béime ar nach tactic nua é an scaradh sóisialta i bhfianaise víreas gabhálach. Bhí sé beartaithe ag an mBord Cothabhála, nach raibh comórtas ann don chruinniú speisialta a bhí sceidealta an lá sin, an t-ordú molta a ghlacadh sa lá nó sa dá lá dár gcionn. Idir an dá linn, d'fhoilsigh eagarthóir Poblachtach Chester H. Rowell eagarthóireacht a thacaigh go láidir leis an ordú fliú leasaithe. "Ní...ceist é an chóir nó an neamhcheart a bheith ag dúnadh seomraí snámha agus siopaí grósaera a fhágáil ar oscailt", a mhínigh sé. Is gnó dlisteanach iad an dá ghnó agus níor cheart idirdhealú a dhéanamh i leith an dá ghnó i bhfianaise an duine eile i gnáthuaireanta. Ach i dtráchta mar seo déantar neamhaird ar leasanna gnó an dá cheann agus ní mheastar ach ar leas an phobail. Dúirt Rowell ansin go bhfuil salún mar áit chruinnithe de ghnáth, agus go mbeadh níos mó faireachais ann ná mar atá ar fáil chun an cleachtadh seo a aisiompú. Tá fir i saloons níos lú cúramach ná áit eile. Lá 93Satharn, 4 Eanáir, 1919 'Tá Bord Sláinte na Cathrach ag éirí as tar éis di Tacaíocht a Dhiúltú,' a d'fhógair an Fresno Morning Republican ar an gcéad leathanach dá eagrán 4 Eanáir. "Blocáilte i ngach iarracht cumhacht a fháil ó chustaiméirí na cathrach" "chun bearta dúnta a fhorfheidhmiú", a scríobh an pháipéar, "d'éirigh an Bord Sláinte ar fad an oíche roimhe sin. D'fhógair an coiste sibhialta a bhí i gceannas ar an ngéarchéim go raibh an t-athrú seo ina chúis le géarchéim. Vótáil iontaobhaithe na cathrach 5-3 i bhfabhar ordú an Bhoird Sláinte, ach chun na bearta sláinte a rith, bhí tacaíocht d'aon toil ag teastáil ó na iontaobhaithe. Roghnaigh an Dr. Carleton Mathewson, oifigeach sláinte na cathrach, gan an bord a leanúint agus éirí as freisin. "Rinne mé an rud is fearr is féidir liom a dhéanamh chun an fliú a sheiceáil", a dúirt sé. Bhí mé ag déanamh dul chun cinn mór nuair a stopadh mé. Ní féidir liom cúram a thabhairt chun éirí as. B'fhearr liom a bheith curtha amach. "I rith an chruinnithe roimh an gComhairle, bhí focail te á malartú", a dúirt an Poblachtánach. Bhí dhá ionadaí na heaglaise i gcoinne na dúnadh na heaglaise go láidir. 'Ba mhaith liom a fháil amach cad a dhéanann sé go maith chun roinnt áiteanna a dhúnadh agus áiteanna eile a fhágáil ar oscailt? 'a d'fhiafraigh Rev. Athair Malloy. Agus cén fáth ar chóir duit na heaglaisí a dhúnadh agus ligean do na díolacháin rummages dul ar aghaidh, ní fheicim. Uachtarán an Bhoird Sláinte T.M. Dúirt Hayden go raibh sé féin agus a chomhghleacaithe ag mothú go raibh siad dírithe ar na iontaobhaithe níor choinníodh gealltanais tacaíochta. D'áitigh Hayden go raibh gá le hionstraim an Bhoird Sláinte toisc nár chomhlíon Fresnans an rialachán maisiú. "Creidim fós", a dúirt sé ag cruinniú Chomhairle na Cathrach, "go bhfuil an masc ina n-aonar, má tá sé caite go cuí, leordhóthanach. Ach ní raibh sé a chaitheamh i gceart. Dá bhrí sin ní mór dúinn gach rud a dhéanamh - gach beart a ghlacadh - a chreideann muid go gcuirfear cosc ar scaipeadh an fhliú. Dá bhrí sin, bhí an Bord Sláinte dírithe ar gach rud "neamh-riachtanach" le haghaidh dúnadh. Dúirt an Dr. Mathewson go raibh an céatadán is mó de chásanna fliú i Fresno ag an bpointe sin de gach cathair i California i gcomhréir leis an daonra. D'áitigh na trí iontaobhaí a dhiúltaigh tacú leis an ordú molta - agus dá bhrí sin an t-éirí as ollmhór - go dtacódh siad le beart a dhúnfadh an chathair go hiomlán. Ach ní fhéadfaidís vóta a chaitheamh ar ordú a dhún roinnt líneanna gnó agus ceadaíodh do stóranna agus áiteanna eile ina mbailíonn sluaite daoine fanacht ar oscailt. D'fhógair an t-eagarthóir Poblachtach Chester Rowell go raibh sé ina bhealach is éifeachtaí agus is dínit chun agóide a dhéanamh i gcoinne dhiúltú mionlach cinntitheach de Chustaiméirí na Cathrach comhoibriú. Ní dhéanfadh na diúltú difear láithreach do othair tinn, a choinnigh sé, toisc go mbaineann obair an bhoird le beartas poiblí, ní cúram iarbhír na n-othair. Ach trí éirí as as i gcoitinne tharraing na baill boird aird ar an bhfíric go raibh líon beag daoine neamh-ealaíontóirí ag socrú beartas sláinte na cathrach thar agóidí na n-údarás leighis. Áiríodh le Howell glao ar arm a bhí paiseanta agus tráthúil (an uair sin agus anois) freisin: Gan amhras, déanfaidh an eipidéim é féin a chaitheamh amach in am, fiú má ghéillfimid dó, tar éis dó an t-ábhar daonna in-athlasta go léir atá ar fáil a úsáid. Mhairfidh cuid againn, agus mairfidh an chuid is mó againn, mura ndéantar aon rud. Ach beidh níos lú againn tinn, níos lú againn a bás, agus beidh níos mó againn a maireachtáil, má ghlacann muid gníomh aontaithe, faoi threoir an bhreithiúnas is fearr na n-údarás a bhfuil an fhreagracht ar ár cosaint. Agus ní hé an t-aistriú fatalistúil amháin an bealach sibhialta chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar éigeandálaí den sórt sin. Is ollamh staire é Ethan J. Kytle in Ollscoil Stáit California, Fresno. Is é a leabhar is déanaí, a chomh-údarú le Blain Roberts, Ghairdín na Danmhairge Vesey: Slavery and Memory in the Cradle of the Confederacy, a d'fhoilsigh The New Press in 2018. Tá obair Ethan le feiceáil freisin sa New York Times, an Atlantach, an Washington Post, an Oxford American, an Chronicle of Higher Education, an Civil War Monitor, agus an Fresno Bee. Le haghaidh níos mó ranna inár sraith Dispatches from Fresno, cliceáil anseo.

Heart attack is ischemia in the coronary arteries. It is often treated by installing stents to restore blood flow. But damage can continue even then, Linden said. "During the period of tissue ischemia, some of those tissues have been damaged," Linden said. "They're hypoxic, they're not getting any nutrients, and when blood starts flowing into those little blood vessels, the white cells become adherent and they literally clog up the microvessels. So you go initially from a vessel that's clogged with atherosclerosis or a clot, you open that up, and you end up with a secondary clogging. Except now, it's in the tiny blood vessels that are downstream." Cardiologists call this the "no reflow" phenomenon Linden said. "They'll balloon open an artery, blood will start to flow, and then it will stop again," Linden said. Linden and colleagues studying no-reflow found that drugs activating adenosine receptors on the NKT white blood cells turned off their adherent effect, and could block the reperfusion injury. "We found that there was an inflammatory cascade initiated by the activation of these cells and then you ended up activating a whole bunch of white cells, including neutrophils, which are abundant, and these would actually clog up the arterioles and venules," Linden said. Sickle cell connection Linden says he made the link between reperfusion injury and sickle cell anemia while reading a journal about the disease. "There are two things I read: One is that sickle-cell anemia is associated with vaso-occusion, multi-tissue, widely disseminated. The other thing is that patients who have this disease have white-cell activation," Linden said. "So I thought, geez, this sounds just like ischemia reperfusion injury, in fact it probably is ischemia reperfusion injury. These red cells are basically creating vaso-occlusion, just like you have in coronary artery disease, except that instead of it being caused by a lipid plaque or a clot, it's caused by red cells that are occluding the micro-vasculature." Linden and colleagues experimented on transgenic mice that had been given the mutated human hemoglobin gene, causing the mice to make sickle-shaped red blood cells. The mice were then treated to remove the white blood cells that cause the inflammation. They got much better, although still ill, Linden said. "What we figured out we were doing is we were blocking the white cell activation," he said. And that led to a different view of sickle-cell anemia than the classic model. "Instead of thinking of sickle cell anemia just as a disease of red cells, the new concept was, it's a combination of red cells and white cells," Linden said. "Red cells cause the initial injury, then you get ischemia, and then you generate factors that activate these NKT cells and other white cells, and you get a multi-cellular aggregate that clogs up the arteries." This change in thinking was exemplified by an Aug. 1, 2000 article in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reporting that reperfusion injury occurred in the transgenic sickle cell mice but not in normal mice. Linden and colleagues then found the mechanism that caused the NKT cells to start the process.

<urn:uuid:ee4165cd-7cfd-4769-8582-51554f0ee9c8>

CC-MAIN-2015-06

http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/Jun/16/sickle-cell-lexiscan/2/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115855897.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161055-00246-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Is ischemia sna ainíonna corónach é ionsaí croí. Is minic a dhéantar cóireáil air trí stent a shuiteáil chun sreabhadh fola a athbhunú. Ach d'fhéadfadh damáiste a bheith ann fiú ansin, a dúirt Linden. "Le linn thréimhse na heisceime fíocháin, tá damáiste déanta ar chuid de na fíocháin sin", a dúirt Linden. "Tá siad hypoxic, nach bhfuil siad ag fáil aon chothaithigh, agus nuair a thosaíonn an fhuil ag sreabhadh isteach sna soithigh fola beag, na cealla bána a bheith cloí agus tá siad literally clog up na micrea-soithigh. Mar sin téann tú ar dtús ó shoitheach atá clogged le atherosclerosis nó clot, osclaíonn tú sin suas, agus críochnaíonn tú le clogging tánaisteach. Ach anois, tá sé sna soithigh fola beaga atá thíos san abhainn". Deir na cardiagaithe go bhfuil an feiniméan "ní athshruthaíonn" seo, a dúirt Linden. "Déanfaidh siad ardaire a oscailt le balún, tosóidh fuil ag sreabhadh, agus ansin scoirfidh sé arís", a dúirt Linden. Fuair Linden agus a chomhghleacaithe ag staidéar ar aon ais-shruth go ndearna drugaí a ghníomhaíonn gabhdóirí adenosine ar na cealla fola bána NKT a n-éifeacht greamaithe a mhúchadh, agus d'fhéadfadh siad bac a chur ar an gortú athshruthúcháin. "Fuarthas amach go raibh cascade athlastach ann a thionscnaíodh trí ghníomhachtú na gcealla seo agus ansin chríochnaigh tú ag gníomhachtú slua iomlán de chealla bána, lena n-áirítear neodróifílí, atá go leor, agus d'fhágfadh siad na arterioles agus na venules a chlúdach i ndáiríre, "a dúirt Linden. Ceangal cealla siolla Deir Linden gur rinne sé an nasc idir díobháil athshruthúcháin agus anemia cealla sioclaí agus é ag léamh iris faoin ngalar. "Tá dhá rud léite agam: Is é an chéad rud ná go bhfuil baint ag anemia scaire-chill le vaso-occussion, il-fhionn, scaipthe go forleathan. Is é an rud eile ná go bhfuil gníomhachtú glúine bána ag othair a bhfuil an galar seo orthu", a dúirt Linden. "Mar sin shíl mé, geez, is cosúil go díreach le díobháil athshruthú ischemia, i ndáiríre is dócha go bhfuil sé díobháil athshruthú ischemia. Tá na cealla dearga seo ag cruthú vaso-occlusion, díreach mar atá agat i ghalair artery corónach, ach amháin seachas go bhfuil sé mar gheall ar phláca lípíd nó clot, tá sé mar gheall ar chealla dearga atá ag occlúid an micre-vasculature. " Rinne Linden agus a chomhghleacaithe turgnaimh ar fhuaimíní trasghineacha a tugadh an géin mutated hemoglobin daonna dóibh, rud a chuir leis na fhuaimíní cealla fola dearga a dhéanamh i gcruth sciatháin. Ansin rinneadh cóireáil ar na lucha chun na cealla fola bána a chuireann an athlasadh i gcúis a bhaint. Bhí siad i bhfad níos fearr, cé go raibh siad tinn fós, a dúirt Linden. "An rud a thuig muid go raibh muid ag déanamh ná go raibh muid ag bac ar ghníomhachtú na cealla bána", a dúirt sé. Agus mar thoradh ar an dearcadh difriúil ar anemia sickle-cill ná an tsamhail clasaiceach. "In ionad smaoineamh ar anemia cealla sioclaí díreach mar ghalar de chealla dearga, ba é an coincheap nua, is meascán de chealla dearga agus de chealla bána é", a dúirt Linden. "Is iad na cealla dearga a chuireann an ghortú tosaigh ar bun, ansin faigheann tú ischemia, agus ansin déanann tú fachtóirí a ghiniúint a ghníomhaíonn na cealla NKT seo agus cealla bána eile, agus faigheann tú comhchruinniú il-cheallach a chlogs suas na hairteacha". Léiríodh an t-athrú smaointeoireachta seo le hairteagal an 1 Lúnasa 2000 sa Journal of Clinical Investigation ag tuairisciú gur tharla díobháil athshruthú i mhadraí cealla sioclaithe trasghineach ach ní i mhadraí gnáth. Ansin fuair Linden agus a chomhghleacaithe an mheicníocht a chuir tús leis an bpróiseas ag cealla NKT.

March 9, 2006Throwing a bit of cold water onto the legend of Loch Ness, paleontologist and painter Neil Clark says the monster was perhaps a paddling pachyderm. Clark noticed similarities in the hump-and-trunk silhouettes of swimming Indian elephants and the serpentine shapes of 1930s Nessie descriptions and photographs, such as the famous 1934 image shown as an inset above. Why would an elephant be swimming in a chilly Scottish lake? "The reason why we see elephants in Loch Ness is that circuses used to go along the road to Inverness and have a little rest at the side of the loch and allow the animals to go and have a little swim around," Clark told CBS News. And there's one more wrinkle in this elephantine mystery. In 1933 a circus promoter in the areaacting perhaps on inside information that the monster was really a big top beastoffered a rich reward for Nessie's capture, says Clark, a curator at the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery in Glasgow. Clark's theory is published in the current edition of the journal of the Open University Geological Society. See also: "Loch Ness Sea Monster Fossil a Hoax, Say Scientists."

<urn:uuid:e93287a9-729d-47cc-854e-8574ed5ba16c>

CC-MAIN-2015-06

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/03/0309_0603009_loch_ness.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862207.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00222-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

9 Márta, 2006 Ag cur beagán uisce fuar ar an finscéal faoi Loch Ness, deir an paleontologist agus an péinteoir Neil Clark gur fhéadfadh an t-aon-dhuine a bhí ag dul i ngleic leis an bhfíor-dhuine a bhí ag dul i ngleic leis an bhfíor-dhuine. Thug Clark faoi deara go raibh cosúlachtaí i síoltóirí hump-and-trunk na n-eilifint Indiach snámha agus i gcruth na n-eilifint sna 1930idí maidir le tuairiscí agus grianghraif Nessie, mar shampla an íomhá cáiliúil 1934 a thaispeántar mar inset thuas. Cén fáth go mbeadh elephant ag snámh i loch Éireannach fuar? "Is é an chúis a fheicimid elephants i Loch Ness ná go raibh circusanna ag dul ar feadh na bóthair go Inverness agus go raibh beagán sos acu ar thaobh an loch agus gur cheadaigh siad do na hainmhithe dul agus snámh a dhéanamh timpeall", a dúirt Clark le CBS News. Agus tá rud amháin eile sa mistéireach elephantine seo. I 1933, d'fhógair tionscnóir siorcó sa cheantar, ag gníomhú dó b'fhéidir ar fhaisnéis istigh go raibh an t-amhrán i ndáiríre ina bheata mór, luach saothair mhór ar ghabháil Nessie, a deir Clark, cúirteoir ag an Músaem agus Gailearaí Ealaíne Hunterian i nGlaschú. Foilsíodh teoiric Clark in eagrán reatha iris an Open University Geological Society. Féach freisin: "Foscail Mhonnra Mhuirí Loch Ness a Hoax, a deir Saineolaithe".

Whether James Owen heard a shot is unknown, he couldn't state definitively, only he thought he heard a shot. He also gave two distances between the vehicles, but it is extremely unlikely the vehicles were ever 3-4 feet apart, one reason will be explained later, the other being David Faraday was found lying on the turnout, with his feet nearly touching the right rear wheel of the Rambler and his body extended perpendicular from it, so this is likely how he fell. Had the suspect vehicle been 3-4 feet away, David Faraday would surely have struck this vehicle, altering his position. During the attack that night 10 shots were fired, but only 8 bullets were recovered. 5 from the attack on Betty Lou Jensen, 1 from the head of David Faraday and 2 were retrieved from the Rambler. Two bullets were never recovered. Robert Graysmith would claim the murderer rounded the vehicle and shot a bullet into the left rear wheel well, to herd the couple from the right side of the Rambler. No shell casings were recovered from the left side of the Rambler, and furthermore the police themselves released a photograph tracing the path of a bullet, as it entered the right rear window and subsequently lodged in the left rear wheel well. The other bullet entered the headliner of the vehicle, 56 inches from ground level and traveled virtually horizontal, before striking the upper interior region of the Rambler on the left side. It could be argued that the assailant fired two warning shots, before escalating his threat and firing two shots into the Rambler, although these may possibly have been the initial opening gambit. The final six shots were reserved for the victims. David Faraday was gunned down at point blank range by the right rear wheel, with Betty Lou Jensen fleeing in a westerly direction toward the Vallejo edge of the turnout, before succumbing. The following diagram uses trigonometry and the concept of the internal angles of a triangle totaling 180 degrees to calculate any remaining values. The bullet entered the right rear window, just above the chrome stripping and based on the specifications of a 1961 Rambler, gives us an entry point of 43 inches. These two heights form the basis of two right-angled triangles. In the trigonometry calculator here, we place in the 17 degree and 73 degree angle, and the shoulder height or side height of 60 inches. This gives us a value for the distance between the shooter's feet and where the bullet would have struck, had it not been impeded by the left rear wheel well of the Rambler. This value is 196 inches. To now get the distance of the shooter from the Rambler, we must calculate the length of the lower red line from the right side of the Rambler to the end of the bullet path, then deduct it from 196 inches. The side height or bullet entry point in the Rambler window is 43 inches, we still have the same two angles of 73 and 17, so we can now calculate this new distance. This value is nearly 141 inches. This gives us a shooter distance from the Rambler of 55 inches (196-141), or 4 feet 7 inches. This means with an extended arm, the gun was likely only 25-30 inches from the Rambler window when fired. If for example the bullet trajectory is steepened to 20 degrees from the horizontal, this would place the shooter inside of 4 feet. The steeper the angle, the closer the shooter becomes. The height of the Rambler is 57 inches, the shooter's shoulder height is approximately 60 inches, which explains why the other shot into the headliner of the vehicle traveled virtually horizontal, with little deviation and thereby failed to exit the glass on the left side of the Rambler. The distance of the shooter from the Rambler at least rules out the suspect vehicle being parked 3-4 feet away, stated in James Owen's second statement. But what does this prove. Well it may just indicate that the killer never drew up directly alongside the Rambler, and may have parked slightly back, his driver side door adjacent to the rear door of the Rambler, changing the dynamics of the sequence and allowing the assailant to discharge these two bullets, creating these two impact sites, immediately on exiting his vehicle and initiating the attack on December 20th 1968. There are of course multiple ways this attack may have unfolded, the only thing we know for certain is how it ended.

<urn:uuid:db2b37c7-2bd1-4a35-9c41-12a532c58c11>

CC-MAIN-2018-13

https://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/the-shots-into-the-rambler

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646178.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318224057-20180319004057-00446.warc.gz

en

An bhfuil James Owen chuala shot is unknown, ní raibh sé in ann a rá go cinnte, ach shíl sé go raibh sé chuala shot. Thug sé dhá achar idir na feithiclí freisin, ach is fíor-neamhchlaon go raibh na feithiclí 3-4 troigh óna chéile, míneofar cúis amháin ina dhiaidh sin, an ceann eile ná go bhfuarthas David Faraday ina luí ar an turnout, agus a chosa ag teagmháil beagnach le roth chúl ceart an Rambler agus a chorp leathnaithe go perpendicular uaidh, mar sin is dócha gurb é seo an chaoi ar thit sé. Dá mbeadh an fheithicil amhrasach 3-4 troigh ar shiúl, David Faraday bheadh surely bhuail an fheithicil, ag athrú a seasamh. Le linn an ionsaí an oíche sin, d'fhág 10 lámhaigh, ach ní bhfuarthas ach 8 bhuille. 5 ó ionsaí ar Betty Lou Jensen, 1 ó cheann David Faraday agus 2 a fuarthas ón Rambler. Níor aisghabháil dhá bhuille riamh. D'éiligh Robert Graysmith gur thit an dúnmharfóir timpeall an fheithiclí agus gur lámhaigh sé bullet isteach sa rothar chúl ar chlé, chun an lánúin a threorú ó thaobh na láimhe deise den Rambler. Níor aimsíodh aon chúláin shell ón taobh clé den Rambler, agus ina theannta sin scaoileadh na póilíní féin grianghraf ag rianú cosán bullet, mar a chuaigh sé isteach sa fhuinneog chúl ar dheis agus ina dhiaidh sin i bhfód an roth chúl ar chúl ar chúl. Chuaigh an bullet eile isteach i gceannlíne an fheithiclí, 56 orlach ó leibhéal na talún agus thaistil sé beagnach cothrománach, sula ndearna sé an réigiún inmheánach uachtarach den Rambler ar an taobh clé. D'fhéadfaí a mhaíomh gur throid an t-ionsaí dhá shots rabhaidh, sula ndearna sé a bhagairt a mhéadú agus dhá shots a throid isteach sa Rambler, cé gur féidir go raibh na gambit tosaigh oscailte. Bhí na sé shots deiridh a stóráil do na híospartaigh. Bhí David Faraday gunnaithe ag pointe ar an gcarr ar dheis ag an roth chúl, le Betty Lou Jensen ag teitheadh i dtreo an iarthair i dtreo imeall Vallejo an turnout, sula ndeachaigh sé i ngleic. Úsáidtear an diagrama seo a leanas tríonagrafaíocht agus coincheap na n-uillinneacha inmheánacha tríoirte a bhfuil 180 céim acu chun aon luachanna fágtha a ríomh. An bullet isteach an fuinneog chúl ceart, díreach os cionn an stripping chromaithe agus bunaithe ar na sonraíochtaí de 1961 Rambler, tugann dúinn pointe iontrála de 43 orlach. Is iad an dá airde seo bunús dhá thriantán ceart-uillinn. Sa ríomhchlár trigonometry anseo, a chur againn sa 17 céim agus 73 céim uillinn, agus an airde ghualainn nó airde taobh de 60 orlach. Tugann sé seo dúinn luach don achar idir cosa an shooter agus áit a mbeadh an bullet bhuail, ní raibh sé a bhac ag an chlé rothar cúl maith an Rambler. Is é an luach seo 196 orlach. Chun a fháil anois ar an achar an shooter ón Rambler, ní mór dúinn a ríomh ar fad an líne dearg níos ísle ó thaobh na láimhe deise den Rambler go dtí deireadh an cosán bullet, ansin a asbhaint ó 196 orlach. Is é an airde taobh nó pointe iontrála bullet sa fhuinneog Rambler 43 orlach, tá muid fós an dá uillinneacha céanna de 73 agus 17, mar sin is féidir linn a ríomh anois an fad nua. Tá an luach seo beagnach 141 orlach. Tugann sé seo dúinn achar shooter ón Rambler de 55 orlach (196-141), nó 4 troigh 7 orlach. Ciallaíonn sé seo le lámh leathnaithe, is dócha nach raibh an gunna ach 25-30 orlach ón bhfuinneog Rambler nuair a thit sé. Má tá an trajectory bullet mar shampla steeped go 20 céim ón cothrománach, bheadh sé seo a chur ar an shooter taobh istigh de 4 troigh. An níos géire an uillinn, an níos gaire a thagann an shooter. Tá airde an Rambler 57 orlach, is é airde ghualainn an lámhach thart ar 60 orlach, a mhíníonn cén fáth go ndeachaigh an lámhaigh eile isteach i gceannlínte an fheithiclí beagnach cothrománach, le beagán dífhilleadh agus dá bhrí sin níor éirigh leis an ghloine a fhágáil ar thaobh na láimhe clé den Rambler. An fad an shooter ón Rambler ar a laghad eisiúint an fheithicil amhrasach a bheith páirceáilte 3-4 troigh ar shiúl, a luaitear i ráiteas James Owen dara. Ach cad a chruthaíonn sé seo. Bhuel d'fhéadfadh sé a léiriú go bhfuil an killer riamh tharraing suas go díreach in aice leis an Rambler, agus d'fhéadfadh a bheith páirceáilte beagán ar ais, a dhoras taobh tiománaí in aice leis an doras cúlra an Rambler, ag athrú an dinimice na seicheamh agus ligean don ionsaitheoir a scaoileadh na dhá bhuillí, cruthaithe na dhá láithreáin bhualadh, láithreach ar a fhágáil a fheithicil agus tús a chur leis an ionsaí ar 20 Nollaig 1968. Tá, ar ndóigh, bealaí éagsúla d'fhéadfadh an t-ionsaí seo a bheith unfolded, an t-aon rud a fhios againn cinnte is é conas a chríochnaigh sé.

Has been found evidence that billions of years ago, there were ancient rivers in Mars. Source: Universe Today Billions of years ago, Mars was likely a much warmer and wetter place than the cold, dry, barren world we see today. Whether there was life there or not remains an open question. But there’s a massive, growing wall of evidence showing that Mars may have had the necessary conditions for life in the past, including at least one system of river valley networks. In this series of images from the ESA’s High-Resolution Camera on the Mars Express Orbiter, there are clear signs of a system of river valleys. The area is in the southern highlands of Mars. It’s east of the Huygens crater, a large, well-known Martian crater, and north of Hellas. Hellas is the largest impact basin on the red planet. The area is one of the oldest surface areas on Mars. It’s between 3.5 billion and 4 billion years old, and is a heavily cratered area. ESA is the European Space Agency. Here are images of the place where there was a river basin, looks like a tree branch. The images are from the same news source. The image in false colors which represent altitude. Blue is the lowest and red is highest altitude. This is the Yarlung Tsangpo river in Tibet. Has the same pattern of Martian river. In a press release, the ESA says that the Martian channels were probably caused by surface water from strong river flow. Heavy rainfall also probably contributed to it. The flow would have “cut through existing terrain on Mars, forging new paths and carving a new landscape.” Regardless of how the water got there, it is clear that there was water flowing on the surface. A number of current and future missions are studying and will study Mars for clues to its watery past. Martian water is really the central question when it comes to studying the planet.

<urn:uuid:9fedbe9d-607f-4a8a-9378-2e2d30f182ac>

CC-MAIN-2020-50

https://www.electricalelibrary.com/en/2019/02/22/news-ancient-rivers-in-mars/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141681209.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201170219-20201201200219-00421.warc.gz

en

Tá fianaise le fáil go raibh na haibhneacha ársa ar Mars billiúin bliain ó shin. Foinse: Cruinne inniu Billiúin bliain ó shin, is dócha go raibh Mars ina áit i bhfad níos teo agus níos fliuch ná an domhan fuar, tirim, goí atá againn inniu. An raibh saol ann nó nach raibh, tá ceist oscailte ann. Ach tá balla ollmhór, ag fás fianaise ag taispeáint go bhféadfadh na coinníollacha riachtanacha a bheith ag Mars don saol san am atá caite, lena n-áirítear córas amháin ar a laghad de líonraí gleann abhainn. Sa tsraith íomhánna seo ó Cheamara Ard-Réitigh ESA ar Mars Express Orbiter, tá comharthaí soiléire de chóras gleann na n-aibhne. Tá an limistéar i sléibhteacha theas Mars. Tá sé soir ó chráter Huygens, cráter mór, cáiliúil Mars, agus ó thuaidh de Hellas. Is é Hellas an cithfholcadh tionchair is mó ar an bpláinéad dearg. Tá an limistéar ar cheann de na limistéir dromchla is sine ar Mars. Tá sé idir 3.5 billiún agus 4 billiún bliain d'aois, agus is limistéar cráite trom é. Is é ESA an Ghníomhaireacht Spáis Eorpach. Seo íomhánna den áit ina raibh an abhainn, cosúil le brainse crainn. Tá na híomhánna ón bhfoinse nuachta céanna. An íomhá i dathanna bréagacha a léiríonn airde. Is é an gorm an airde is ísle agus an dearg an airde is airde. Is é seo an abhainn Yarlung Tsangpo sa Tíobóid. Tá an patrún céanna ar abhainn Mars. I preasráiteas, deir an ESA gur dócha gurbh é uisce dromchla na Mara a bhí mar thoradh ar shreabhadh láidir abhainn. Is dócha gur chuir báistí móra leis freisin. D'fhéadfadh an sreabhadh a bheith ag gearradh trí thír atá ann cheana ar Mars, ag cruthú cosáin nua agus ag croitheadh tírdhreach nua. Cibé conas a tháinig an t-uisce ann, is léir go raibh uisce ag sreabhadh ar an dromchla. Tá roinnt misin reatha agus todhchaí ag déanamh staidéir ar Mars agus déanfar staidéar orthu chun leideanna a fháil maidir lena stair uisceach. Is é uisce Mars an cheist lárnach i ndáiríre nuair a thagann sé chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar an bpláinéad.

In recent months we’ve explored a lot of key topics in our informational articles. Our goal has been to explore common questions relating to tools, such as What Your Tools Are Made Of, or What is the Difference Between a Brushed or a Brushless Motor. If you’ve ever been in a position to learn how to work with electricity, you quickly realize how valuable that knowledge can be. There are a plethora of tools that electricians rely on daily to help them maximize efficiency, one of which is a Multimeter. These useful tools hold a wealth of information, from diagnostics to other readings. Today, we step into a deeper look into the common tool that professionals rely on, and how homeowners can use this tool for a variety of uses. Get all the basics on this handy tool in How To Use a Multimeter. How To Use A Multimeter – Introduction It’s no secret that being handy around the house is a valuable trait. Even at the most basic level, being keen with a hammer, measuring tape, drill, and occasional saw can be of great value as a homeowner. One thing, however deserving enough, that tends to keep even the most advanced DIY’ers at bay – electricity. The fact is, electricity is pretty scary stuff, in some cases even in your home, deadly. Troubleshooting electricity with a multimeter comes in many forms as a homeowner. Maybe you want to see how much “juice” is left in an old car battery that’s been sitting in the garage. Or, you’d like to test the continuity of an extension cord before attempting to use it. The fact is, there are many occasions where using a multimeter can save you time, and maybe even money. With that being said, being able to troubleshoot a problem or gain information, is much different than making improvements or changes to the circuit you’re working with. Sometimes there is no replacement for a professional electrician. Luckily, with some help from our friends at Southwire, who have provided the 13070T, we can show you some of the basics associated with multimeter use. Always reference the manufacturer’s guide for proper operating procedures with any tool before use. How To Use A Multimeter – Anatomy Display: The obvious would suggest your display is just that, a display! But it’s important to keep an eye on this when taking readings, not just as soon as your leads provide a value. You may get erroneous values if you do not have your leads properly touching what you’re testing. A good rule of thumb is to always take a few readings to ensure that your numbers are true. Mode Selector: A Mode Selector is sometimes a switch, but almost always a dial like this model. This selector allows you to choose what function or mode you’d like to test in. As you’ll see below, this will outline a few basic readings, but there are plenty more on multimeters. Some of these, you may use very seldom or never due to their advanced or minimal applicability. Leads: This is where the magic happens! Your leads may be simple probes or gator grips, but either way, this is where your readings come from. Leads are detachable red (positive), and black (negative) wires, rated up to a certain voltage threshold that are the conduit between your test circuit and your meter. Other Buttons: Like many other meters, there are various other buttons that you’ll encounter. A very popular dial setting, or button that you may see is voltage range (if the meter is not auto-ranging). This basically sets the parameters of voltage in which you’ll be testing, a minimum, and maximum. Some other popular misc buttons are “Mode” (for DC/AC switching), and if applicable, the LED. How To Use A Multimeter – Measuring AC and DC Voltage Use Case: Testing batteries, validating voltage on a wall outlet. How To: For identifying voltage, ensure the selector is switched to the appropriate mode. Direct Current for (batteries, capacitors, etc), or Alternating Current (outlet power, power supply) with the “V” mode having a specified voltage range. First, find the correct mode selection. For small batteries, “<20v” could be used as your range and may appear this way on your selector. Once the mode is selected, connect your leads respectively (+/-), and take note of the reading on the meter. AC or Alternating current is represented by what is best described as a “squiggle” on the display. For DC, you’ll find two parallel lines, with the solid line running above a dashed line. How To Use A Multimeter – Testing Continuity Use Case: Testing power cord functionality, Testing solder integrity How To: First, select the option on your meter that resembles what is pictured above. Once in this mode, you can identify a break in the unpowered circuit by attaching one lead to each end. Typically, if there is a success in continuity, the meter will have an audible or visual alert stating such. How To Use A Multimeter – Testing Resistance Use Case: Testing home and auto fuses, or electronic resistors. How To: Much like continuity, find the above mode, and connect your leads to opposite ends of the resistor (in this case, a pencil) or fuse. For fuses, a good fuse will always show a lower than 100% resistance value, whereas a blown fuse will show 100% resistance. For resistors, the resistance value should match, or be close to what you’re measuring for small electronics. How To Use A Multimeter – Final Thoughts Although it’s very simple, knowing how to use a multimeter at a basic level is a valuable skill to have. Various appliances and random electronics can use a quick troubleshooting to save frustration down the road with a very useful, and simple tool that looks much more intimidating than it really is. Of course, since you are dealing with electricity, be sure to follow all safety best practices, and stay within the limitations of your multimeter and leads. Thank you again to Southwire for providing one of their Multimeter’s to be used for this article. Southwire has an extensive range of tools based on providing quality and value for the professional electrician and beyond. This Model, the 13070T can be purchased from Amazon for about $70.00.

<urn:uuid:c3ba96ca-5a1d-4cc0-8ce8-66605a77138c>

CC-MAIN-2021-04

https://toolsinaction.com/how-to-use-a-multimeter/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703581888.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20210125123120-20210125153120-00430.warc.gz

en

Le míonna beaga anuas, rinneamar plé ar go leor ábhar lárnach inár n-ailt faisnéise. Bhí sé mar aidhm againn ceisteanna coitianta a bhaineann le huirlisí a iniúchadh, amhail Cad a Déantar Do Uirlisí as, nó Cad é an Difríocht idir Mótar Brushed nó Brushless. Má bhí tú riamh i riocht a bheith in ann foghlaim conas oibriú le leictreachas, tuigeann tú go tapa cé chomh luachmhar is féidir an t-eolas sin a bheith. Tá go leor uirlisí ann a bhfuil leictreoirí ag brath orthu go laethúil chun cabhrú leo éifeachtúlacht a uasmhéadú, ceann acu is ea Multimeter. Tá go leor faisnéise sna huirlisí úsáideacha seo, ó dhiagnóisis go léitheoireachtaí eile. Sa lá atá inniu ann, téimid isteach i bhfianaise níos doimhne ar an uirlis choitianta a mbraitheann gairmithe air, agus conas is féidir le húinéirí tí an uirlis seo a úsáid le haghaidh úsáidí éagsúla. Faigh na bunriachtanais uile maidir leis an uirlis áisiúil seo in How To Use a Multimeter. Conas Multiméadar a Úsáid Réamhrá Níl sé ina rún go bhfuil a bheith áisiúil timpeall an tí ina thréith luachmhar. Fiú amháin ar an leibhéal is bunúsaí, is féidir le bheith cliste le hamhrán, le téip tomhais, le drill, agus le píosaí ócáideacha a bheith luachmhar mar úinéir tí. Rud amháin, cé go bhfuil sé tuillte go leor, go bhfuil sé ag dul a choinneáil fiú an DIYers is airde i gcalafort leictreachas. Is é fírinne an scéil, go bhfuil leictreachas rud an-scary, i gcásanna áirithe fiú i do theach, marbhtach. Tá go leor cineálacha ann le fadhbanna leictreachais a réiteach le multiméadar mar úinéir tí. B'fhéidir gur mhaith leat a fheiceáil cé mhéad "suic" atá fágtha i sean-battery carr a bhí ina shuí sa gharáiste. Nó, ba mhaith leat leanúnachas cábla síneadh a thástáil sula ndéanann tú iarracht é a úsáid. Is é fírinne an scéil, go bhfuil go leor ócáidí ann inar féidir le multiméadar a úsáid am a shábháil duit, agus b'fhéidir fiú airgead. Agus sin á rá, tá a bheith in ann fadhb a réiteach nó faisnéis a fháil, i bhfad difriúil ná feabhsúcháin nó athruithe a dhéanamh ar an gciorcad a bhfuil tú ag obair leis. Uaireanta níl aon athsholáthar ann do leictreoir gairmiúil. Ar an dea-shásamh, le cabhair ó ár gcairde ag Southwire, a chuir an 13070T ar fáil, is féidir linn roinnt de na bunleaganacha a bhaineann le húsáid ilmheatair a thaispeáint duit. Déan tagairt i gcónaí do threoir an mhonaróra maidir le nósanna imeachta oibriúcháin cheart le haon uirlis sula n-úsáidtear é. Conas Multiméadar a Úsáid Anatomy Taispeántas: Is léir nach bhfuil i gceist le do thaispeántas ach taispeántas! Ach tá sé tábhachtach súil a choinneáil air seo agus léitheoireacht á dhéanamh, ní díreach nuair a thugann do threoir luach. D'fhéadfadh go bhfaigheadh tú luachanna earráideacha mura bhfuil do shlíneanna ag teagmháil go cuí leis an méid atá á thástáil agat. Is é riail mhaith an mhála ná cúpla léitheoireacht a dhéanamh i gcónaí chun a chinntiú go bhfuil do chuid uimhreacha fíor. Roghnóir Modh: Is é Roghnóir Modh a athrú uaireanta, ach beagnach i gcónaí a dhiailiú mar an tsamhail seo. Ligeann an roghnúóir seo duit an fheidhm nó an modh ar mhaith leat a thástáil a roghnú. Mar a fheicfidh tú thíos, léireoidh sé seo cúpla léitheoireacht bhunúsach, ach tá go leor eile ar mhultamhaitrí. D'fhéadfadh go n-úsáidfí cuid acu go han-rialacha nó go deo mar gheall ar a n-infheidhmeacht ard nó íosta. Tosaíonn an draíocht anseo! D'fhéadfadh do leideanna a bheith sondes simplí nó greimí alligair, ach cibé bealach, is é seo an áit a dtagann do léitheoireacht. Is sreangacha dearga (deimhneacha) agus dubh (diúltach) iad na treoracha a d'fhéadfaí a bhaint, a bhfuil uasteorainn voltais áirithe acu agus is iad sin an cainéal idir do chiorcad tástála agus do mhéadar. Cnaipí Eile: Cosúil le go leor méadair eile, tá roinnt cnaipí eile ann a thiocfaidh tú ar aghaidh. Is é an t-aistriú voltais an t-aistriú voltais a fheiceann tú (mura bhfuil an méadar ag déanamh a chuid féin). Go bunúsach, socraíonn sé seo na paraiméadair voltais ina mbeidh tú ag tástáil, íosmhéid agus uasmhéid. Tá roinnt cnaipí mícheart coitianta eile ar an Mode (le haghaidh athsholáthar DC / AC), agus más infheidhme, an LED. Conas Múlmheadair a Úsáid Voltas AC agus DC a thomhas Cás Úsáide: Bataraí a thástáil, voltas a bhailíochtú ar aschur balla. Conas: Chun voltas a aithint, déan cinnte go bhfuil an roghnúóir ar an modh cuí. Le haghaidh sruth díreach (batraí, tionscnóirí, srl.), nó sruth malartaithe (chumhacht aschuir, soláthar cumhachta) leis an modh V a bhfuil raon voltais sonraithe aige. Ar dtús, a fháil ar an rogha modh ceart. I gcás ceallraí beaga, d'fhéadfaí <20v a úsáid mar do raon agus d'fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh an chuma sin ar do roghnúóir. Nuair a roghnaítear an modh, nasc do chuid leadráin faoi seach (+/-), agus tabhair faoi deara an léitheoireacht ar an méadar. Léirítear an t-amhrán AC nó AC mar an rud is fearr a thuairiscítear mar squiggle ar an taispeáint. Maidir le DC, gheobhaidh tú dhá líne chomhréire, leis an líne dlúth ag rith os cionn líne dashed. Conas Múlmheadair a Úsáid Leanúnacht a Thástáil Cás Úsáide: Feidhmiúlacht chábla cumhachta a thástáil, sláine solder a thástáil Conas: Ar dtús, roghnaigh an rogha ar do mhéadar atá cosúil leis an bpictiúr thuas. Nuair a bheidh tú sa modh seo, is féidir leat briseadh sa chiorcaid gan chumhacht a aithint trí cheann amháin a cheangal le gach ceann. De ghnáth, má tá rath ar leanúnachas, beidh rabhadh cluasach nó amhairc ag an méadar ag rá amhlaidh. Conas Múlmheátróir a Úsáid Frithsheasmhacht a Thástáil Cás Úsáide: Tástáil a dhéanamh ar fhíseáin baile agus ar fhíseáin uathoibrithe, nó ar friotaíochtaí leictreonacha. Conas: Cosúil le leanúnachas, faigh an modh thuas, agus nasc do threoracha le foircinn os coinne an resistor (sa chás seo, peann luaidhe) nó an fuse. Maidir le sainghlíní, taispeánfaidh sainghlín maith luach friotaíochta níos ísle ná 100% i gcónaí, ach taispeánfaidh sainghlín bhloite friotaíocht 100%. I gcás resistors, ba cheart go mbeadh an luach friotaíochta comhionann, nó gar don mhéid atá á thomhas agat i gcás leictreonaic bheag. Conas Múlmheátróir a Úsáid Smaointe Deiridh Cé go bhfuil sé an-simplí, is scileanna luachmhara iad a bheith ar eolas agat conas multiméadar a úsáid ar leibhéal bunúsach. Is féidir le fearais éagsúla agus leictreonaic randamach réiteach fadhbanna tapa a úsáid chun frustrachas a shábháil ar an mbóthar le huirlis an-úsáideach, agus simplí a bhreathnaíonn i bhfad níos scanrúil ná mar atá i ndáiríre. Ar ndóigh, ós rud é go bhfuil tú ag déileáil le leictreachas, bí cinnte go leanann tú na cleachtais sábháilteachta is fearr go léir, agus go bhfanann tú laistigh de theorainneacha do mhultaméadar agus do cheangail. Go raibh maith agat arís do Southwire as ceann dá Multimeter a sholáthar le húsáid don alt seo. Tá raon leathan uirlisí ag Southwire bunaithe ar cháilíocht agus luach a sholáthar don leictreoir gairmiúil agus níos faide. Is féidir an samhail seo, an 13070T a cheannach ó Amazon ar feadh thart ar $ 70.00.

Friday, July 11, 2008 Water systems serving about 30 percent of Americans are not giving them fluoridated water, six decades after fluoridation was started as a public health measure to prevent tooth decay, officials said on Thursday. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hails the reduction in dental cavities due to adding fluoride to public water supplies as one of the top 10 public health achievements of the 20th century. Most Americans get their water from municipal or regional community water systems. A new CDC report showed that as of 2006, 69 percent of people in the United States who get water from these systems received fluoridated water, up from 65 percent in 2000 and 62 percent in 1992. (Article continues below) That means that while 184 million Americans get fluoridated water from community water systems, 82 million do not. “This is one of the dirty little secrets — that the whole nation has not yet embraced fluoridation of water, which has enormous public health benefits,” Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association, said in a telephone interview. Fluoridation of public water supplies was introduced in 1945 in Grand Rapids, Mich. “It’s still an under-utilized, very effective public health measure,” Dr. William Bailey of the CDC’s Division of Oral Health, who led the report, said in a telephone interview. Some major cities still do not fluoridate their water supplies, including: San Diego; Portland, Ore.; Honolulu, Hawaii; and Wichita, Kansas. San Diego has committed to begin fluoridating its water by May 2010. In California, the most populous of the 50 U.S. states, only 27 percent of people served by community systems were getting fluoridated water as of 2006, the CDC said. Only Hawaii (8 percent) and New Jersey (23 percent) were lower. Fluoridation has remained controversial among some people. In fact, some opponents in the 1950s denounced it as a communist plot, which was lampooned in director Stanley Kubrick’s 1964 Cold War satire “Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb.” Current opponents argue the fluoride being added to water may cause a health problems such as weak bones and bone cancer, an assertion the CDC rejects. This article was posted: Friday, July 11, 2008 at 12:16 pm

<urn:uuid:bec025d9-9ba3-4efc-aa97-3256a889e8a3>

CC-MAIN-2015-06

http://www.prisonplanet.com/us-government-wants-75-american-water-fluoridated-by-2010.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115868812.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161108-00071-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Dé hAoine, 11 Iúil, 2008 Ní thugann córais uisce a fhreastalaíonn ar thart ar 30 faoin gcéad de Mheiriceánaigh uisce fluórach dóibh, sé scór bliain tar éis fluórachú a thosú mar bheart sláinte poiblí chun creimeadh fiacla a chosc, a dúirt oifigigh Déardaoin. Tugann Lárionad na Stát Aontaithe um Rialú agus Cosc ar Ghalair moladh don laghdú ar chaidrimh fiacla mar gheall ar fhluóiríd a chur le soláthairtí uisce poiblí mar cheann de na 10 éacht is fearr i sláinte an phobail sa 20ú haois. Faigheann formhór na Meiriceánach a gcuid uisce ó chórais uisce pobail cathrach nó réigiúnacha. Léirigh tuarascáil nua ó CDC go raibh 69 faoin gcéad de na daoine sna Stáit Aontaithe a fhaigheann uisce ó na córais seo ag fáil uisce fluórach ó 2006, suas ó 65 faoin gcéad i 2000 agus 62 faoin gcéad i 1992. (Leanann an t-alt thíos) Ciallaíonn sé sin cé go bhfaigheann 184 milliún Meiriceánach uisce fluórach ó chórais uisce pobail, ní fhaigheann 82 milliún é. "Is é seo ceann de na rúin bheaga salach nach bhfuil an náisiún ar fad tar éis glacadh le flúirídáil uisce, a bhfuil buntáistí ollmhóra sláinte poiblí aige", a dúirt an Dr. Georges Benjamin, stiúrthóir feidhmiúcháin Chumann Sláinte Poiblí na Meiriceánach, in agallamh teileafóin. Tugadh fluóirídáil soláthairtí uisce poiblí isteach i 1945 i Grand Rapids, Mich. "Is beart sláinte poiblí é nach bhfuil á úsáid go fóill, agus atá an-éifeachtach", a dúirt an Dr. William Bailey ó Roinn Sláinte Béal CDC, a bhí i gceannas ar an tuarascáil, in agallamh teileafóin. Níl roinnt cathracha móra fós ag fluoride a gcuid soláthairtí uisce, lena n-áirítear: San Diego; Portland, Ore.; Honolulu, Hawaii; agus Wichita, Kansas. Tá San Diego tiomanta a uisce a fliúirídeáil faoi Bhealtaine 2010. I California, an ceann is mó daonra de na 50 stáit SAM, ní raibh ach 27 faoin gcéad de na daoine a bhí á n-úsáid ag córais phobail ag fáil uisce fluórach ó 2006, a dúirt an CDC. Ní raibh ach Haváí (8 faoin gcéad) agus New Jersey (23 faoin gcéad) níos ísle. Tá an fluóiriú fós ina ábhar conspóideach i measc daoine áirithe. Go deimhin, thug roinnt freagróirí i 1950í é mar phláta cumannach, a bhí lampooned i stiúrthóir Stanley Kubrick's 1964 satire Cold War Dr. Strangelove nó: Conas a D'fhoghlaim mé Stop Worrying agus Grá an Bomb. Deir na freagróirí reatha go bhféadfadh fadhbanna sláinte a bheith mar thoradh ar an flúiríd a chuirtear le huisce mar chnámha lag agus ailse cnámha, dearcadh a dhiúltaíonn an CDC. Cuireadh an t-alt seo isteach: Dé hAoine, 11 Iúil, 2008 ag 12:16 pm

WHO announced on Wednesday that one million people are infected with cholera in Yemen. More than 1000 days ago a Saudi-led coalition launched an air campaign on Yemen under the pretext of fighting the Houthi rebels. UN officials said that the assault on Yemen had killed more than 10,000 people. According to The World Health Organization’s new announcement this Wednesday, nearly 2300 people died of cholera in Yemen since 27 April and now there are nearly a million people infected with cholera in the country. Most cases of cholera are in the city of Hudaydah which is conveniently under Houthi’s control. Mark Green, USAID agency administrator said that There are no signs that a blockade of Yemen’s ports by a Saudi-led military coalition has eased to allow aid to reach communities increasingly at risk of starvation — USAID (@USAID) December 12, 2017 Cholera is a disease that causes acute diarrhea that could lead to the death of those affected within hours if not treated. Malnourished children aged five and under are most prone to the disease.

<urn:uuid:0b19e375-d0a5-4d7c-853b-8e6eacd31f3e>

CC-MAIN-2018-13

http://www.libertyfrontpress.com/1000-days-later-and-still-not-a-quantum-of-solace-for-yemen/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647649.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321121805-20180321141805-00412.warc.gz

en

D'fhógair an WHO Dé Céadaoin go bhfuil milliún duine ionfhabhtaithe le cóiléir sa Iéimín. Níos mó ná 1000 lá ó shin sheol comhghuaillíocht faoi stiúir na Saúdaise feachtas aeir ar Iéimín faoi chúlra na troid i gcoinne na reibiliúnaigh Houthi. Dúirt oifigigh na Náisiún Aontaithe gur maraíodh níos mó ná 10,000 duine san ionsaí ar Iéimín. De réir na fógra nua ón Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Sláinte Dé Céadaoin seo, fuair beagnach 2300 duine bás ó cholera sa Iéimín ó 27 Aibreán agus anois tá beagnach milliún duine ionfhabhtaithe le cholera sa tír. Tá an chuid is mó de na cásanna cóiré i gcathair Hudaydah atá go háisiúil faoi rialú Houthi. Dúirt Mark Green, riarthóir gníomhaireachta USAID nach bhfuil aon chomharthaí ann go bhfuil blocáil chalafoirt Iéimeáin ag comhghuaillíocht mhíleata faoi stiúir na Saúdaise tar éis é a mhaolú chun ligean do chabhair teacht ar phobail atá i mbaol ocrais a mhéadú. USAID (@USAID) 12 Nollaig, 2017 Is galar é cóireáil a chuireann diarrhea géarmhíochaine chun cinn a d'fhéadfadh bás a bheith ag na daoine a bhfuil galar orthu laistigh d'uaireanta mura ndéantar cóireáil orthu. Tá leanaí atá faoi mhíchothacht atá cúig bliana d'aois agus níos óige níos mó seans maith go dtarlóidh an galar orthu.

The Literary Period in Which Plath Wrote Her Poems Sylvia Plath was an American author and poet who was born in 1932 and died in 1963 at the age of 30. Plath published her first poem as a child and continued writing throughout her short lifetime. One of her most famous poems, a poem about her father entitled "Daddy," was published in 1962. Plath committed suicide shortly after she separated from her husband, and her writings often reflect her troubled state of mind. Plath's poems were written during the modernist period. The Modernist Period in Literature The modernist era started early in the 20th century and continued through the mid-1960s. Modernist techniques followed less formal, unconventional writing styles and focused on individualism, self-expression, emotionalism and self-identity. Plath's poems clearly express the emotional turmoil and internal struggles she faced, including severe depression and mental anguish over her father's death. She embraced the modernist period and wrote with honesty and transparency, revealing her inner thoughts and emotions without holding back. As curriculum developer and educator, Kristine Tucker has enjoyed the plethora of English assignments she's read (and graded!) over the years. Her experiences as vice-president of an energy consulting firm have given her the opportunity to explore business writing and HR. Tucker has a BA and holds Ohio teaching credentials.

<urn:uuid:b0d74394-b58d-46a4-84d2-fc8a9e9cd155>

CC-MAIN-2021-04

https://education.seattlepi.com/literary-period-plath-wrote-her-poems-6065.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703509973.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20210117051021-20210117081021-00087.warc.gz

en

An Tréimhse Litriúil ina Scríobh Plath a chuid dánta Bhí Sylvia Plath ina scríbhneoir agus ina file Meiriceánach a rugadh i 1932 agus a fuair bás i 1963 ag aois 30. D'fhoilsigh Plath a chéad dán mar leanbh agus lean sí ag scríobh le linn a saol gearr. Foilsíodh ceann de na dánta is cáiliúla aici, dán faoi a hathair dar teideal "Daddy, " i 1962. Rinne Plath féinmharú go gairid tar éis di scaradh óna fear céile, agus is minic a léiríonn a scríbhinní a staid mheabhrach. Scríobhadh dánta Plath le linn na tréimhse nua-aimseartha. An Ré Nua-Ealaíne sa Litríocht Thosaigh ré nua-aimseartha go luath sa 20ú haois agus lean sé ar aghaidh go dtí lár na 1960idí. Lean teicnící nua-aimseartha stíleanna scríbhneoireachta nach raibh chomh foirmiúil agus neamhchoitianta agus díríodh orthu ar indibhidiúlacht, féin-iarsmaíocht, mothúchánach agus féin-aitheantas. Léiríonn dánta Plath go soiléir an torann mothúchánach agus na streachailtí inmheánacha a bhí os a chomhair, lena n-áirítear dúlagar tromchúiseach agus anguish mheabhrach ar bhás a hathair. Ghlac sí leis an tréimhse nua-aimseartha agus scríobh sí le hionraic agus trédhearcacht, ag nochtadh a smaointe agus a mothúcháin inmheánacha gan a bheith ag coinneáil siar. Mar fhorbróir cúrsaí teagaisc agus oideachasóir, thaitin Kristine Tucker leis an iliomad tascanna Béarla a léigh sí (agus a rinne grádú!) thar na blianta. Thug a taithí mar leas-uachtarán ar ghnólacht comhairliúcháin fuinnimh deis di scríobh gnó agus Fostaíocht a iniúchadh. Tá céim BA ag Tucker agus tá creidiúnais teagaisc aige in Ohio.

The endangered pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt] Blume, Lauraceae) Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) is an endangered plant species that occurs in seven southern states. It is a rhizomatous, clonal shrub that usually grows in colonies and has numerous stems with few branches and drooping leaves that give off a spicy odor when crushed. Pondberry is dioecious, with small yellow flowers that bloom in spring and have scarlet drupes that mature in late summer or fall. The species grows in low areas within bottomland hardwood forests in the western part of its range and on the margins of limestone sinks and wet depressions in pine forests in the eastern part. Pondberry has probably always been a rare species, but its distribution and abundance have been affected by habitat destruction and alteration, such as timber cutting, clearing of land, and local drainage or flooding of wetlands. Until recently research on pondberry has been sparse; but because of proposed flood control measures for the area in which the species occurs in Mississippi, interest in research has increased. This review will be helpful to land managers and scientists because it provides information about all known current research on the species.

<urn:uuid:f457865c-334b-437c-91a6-a1b70229ef30>

CC-MAIN-2021-04

https://srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/47040

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703509973.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20210117051021-20210117081021-00205.warc.gz

en

An clóbhuailín atá i mbaol (Lindera melissifolia [Walt] Blume, Lauraceae) Is speiceas planda atá i mbaol a thagann i seacht stát ó dheas. Is arbhar clónálach rhizomatous é a fhásann de ghnáth i gcolóineanna agus a bhfuil go leor stiallacha aige le cúpla brainse agus duilleoga drochaithe a thugann boladh spíosrach nuair a phléitear iad. Tá Pondberry dioecious, le bláthanna beaga buí a bhloíonn san earrach agus a bhfuil drupes scarlat a aibíonn ag deireadh an tsamhraidh nó ag titim. Fásann an speiceas i limistéir íseal i bhforaoisí hardchrutha talún i gcuid thiar dá raon agus ar imeall na n-aigí carraigí agus na mball íogair i bhforaoisí péine sa chuid thoir. Is dócha gur speiceas annamh a bhí i gcónaí ag Pondberry, ach tá tionchar ag a scaipeadh agus a iomadaíocht ar mhilleadh agus athrú gnáthóg, mar shampla crainn a ghearradh, talamh a ghlanadh, agus drenáil áitiúil nó tuilte talún fliuch. Go dtí le déanaí bhí taighde ar an pondberry scaipthe; ach mar gheall ar bhearta rialaithe tuile a mholtar don limistéar ina bhfuil an speiceas i Mississippi, tá suim ag an taighde méadaithe. Beidh an t-athbhreithniú seo cabhrach do bhainisteoirí talún agus do eolaithe toisc go soláthraíonn sé faisnéis faoi gach taighde reatha ar an speiceas.

Ethiopian opposition to handing over the small town of Badme to Eritrea has until now prevented an international border commission ruling in 2002 being implemented - and left the uneasy peace struck when war ended in 2000 in the balance. With Eritrean frustration building, the UN's role monitoring the ceasefire has come under scrutiny. The BBC News Website examines the main issues behind the border conflict. How did the border conflict begin? The border between Ethiopia and Eritrea has been described as a geographer's nightmare. It is a nightmare which became a reality as soon as the neighbours' once-friendly relationship turned sour. Dusty Badme was at the centre of the border dispute From 1962 to 1993, Eritrea was ruled as a province of Ethiopia - and any argument over the borders was little more than a squabble between two local authorities. So when Eritrea and Ethiopia separated amicably in 1993, no one paid too much attention to the details of the divorce settlement - least of all to a few hundred square kilometres of sparsely populated land in a region called Badme which included a small dusty town of the same name. But when relations between the two neighbours deteriorated, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of invading a piece of land that was under Ethiopian administration. The Eritreans replied that the land in question was rightfully theirs. The result was a war fought on three fronts at the cost of tens of thousands of lives. Who set up the boundary commission? The commission was set up by the two countries as part of the Algiers peace settlement signed by both parties in 2000. It followed a model that has been used in other cases around the world, where arbitration tribunals, instead of the International Court of Justice, have been used. There were five lawyers - including two nominated by each country, who then nominated a president of the commission who has the casting vote. So what were the Commission's terms of reference? The commission was asked to interpret colonial treaties as the basis for the boundary. This frontier was fixed in 1902 by a treaty between the Italian government, which had colonised Eritrea, and the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II - ruler of what was then one of the few independent African states. The border is approximately 900 km long, and contains some of the driest, hottest and most hostile territory in the world. Part of it is defined by rivers. Most of the border area under dispute is sparsely inhabited - barren land used as traditional grazing grounds by local people. In terms of natural resources, the disputed area has virtually no value at all. Both countries promised the UN that they would accept whatever decision was reached and there was no right of appeal. What was the ruling and why was it not implemented? Much of the commission's ruling in May 2002 was not contentious, but Ethiopia objected to the awarding of Badme to Eritrea - although the town was controversially not marked on Eritrea's map. After seeking clarification and failing to get the commission to reverse its decision, Ethiopia insisted on talks before it would co-operate with the physical demarcation of the border. Since then the UN has become increasingly frustrated at the cost of maintaining a peacekeeping force along the narrow buffer zone on the border. Diplomatic attempts to get the two sides talking have faltered - primarily because Eritrea has refused to discuss the issue until Ethiopia accepts the ruling - something which until now Ethiopia has failed to do. So what happens next? Maintaining a state of hostility is not in the interests of either Ethiopia or Eritrea, and the closure of their border is deeply damaging to both sides. In theory, Ethiopia Prime Minister Meles Zenawi's announcement in parliament that his government accepts the ruling "in principle" could enable talks to begin if Eritrea agrees. It also permits diplomats to push ahead with efforts to resolve the Badme issue in a way which allows both sides to claim they have not lost. One possibility is that Ethiopia could continue to administer Badme, while acknowledging Eritrean sovereignty over the area. It might even be possible, with a little goodwill, to agree to a joint administration of Badme. The reality is, though, that the physical demarcation of the border placing Badme in Eritrea still looks a long way off - and remains a very bitter pill for Ethiopia to swallow. The danger is that Eritrean frustration might provoke renewed conflict. What is the role of the UN peacekeepers ? Shortly after the peace deal in 2000, the UN Security Council set up Unmee and authorised a force of up to 4,200 military personnel to monitor the ceasefire and ensure the security aspects of peace deal are observed by both sides. Expected to be there for a short period, UN troops are operating in some of the most inhospitable terrain in the world. They patrol an area some 25km wide and 900km long on the Eritrean side of the border with Ethiopia. At present there are some 3,300 peacekeepers and military observers from some 40 countries, 191 civilians and 74 UN volunteers working for Unmee. Some 1,500 Indian troops provide the largest contingent in the force which is led by Major-General Rajender Singh. But their continuing presence five years after a peace deal has become a costly headache for the UN. The bill is now $1bn and rising. With recent restrictions imposed on their activities by Eritrea the UN forces are being left in an increasingly untenable position and with little prospect of border demarcation, the chances of the force being pulled out must be growing. However, to leave now would be seen by critics as an expensive UN failure.

<urn:uuid:876f8e72-52d3-48aa-a241-662c88731b4d>

CC-MAIN-2015-11

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4041073.stm

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936465487.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074105-00073-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Go dtí seo, chuir an fhreasúra atá ag an Etióp ar tharchur baile beag Badme ar aghaidh chuig an Eiritrea cosc ar chur i bhfeidhm rialú coimisiún teorann idirnáisiúnta i 2002 - agus d'fhág sé an tsíocháin neamhshábháilte a bhuail nuair a chríochnaigh an cogadh i 2000 ar an tséasúr. De réir mar a bhíonn frustrachas na nEritrea ag fás, tá ról na Náisiún Aontaithe ag faireachán ar an gcur chun cinn faoi scrúdú. Déanann suíomh Gréasáin BBC News scrúdú ar na príomhcheisteanna atá taobh thiar den choimhlint teorann. Conas a thosaigh an choimhlint teorann? Tá an teorainn idir an Aetóip agus an Eirítreach tuairiscithe mar uafás na tíreolaithe. Is aisling é a tháinig chun bheith ina réaltacht a luaithe a tháinig an caidreamh a bhí cairdiúil ag an gcomharsanacht seo go hairgead. Bhí Dusty Badme i lár an díospóide teorann Ó 1962 go 1993, rialaíodh an Eiritéir mar chúige de chuid na hEitiopá - agus ní raibh aon díospóireacht ar na teorainneacha ach stró idir dhá údarás áitiúil. Mar sin nuair a scar Eritrea agus an Aetóip go cairdiúil i 1993, níor thug aon duine aird ró-mhór ar mhionsonraí an socraithe colscartha - is lú ná gach duine ar chúpla céad ciliméadar cearnach de thalamh nach raibh mórán daonra ann i réigiún ar a dtugtar Badme a raibh baile beag duslach den ainm céanna ann. Ach nuair a tháinig an t-idirghaol idir an dá chomharsa, chuir an Eitópia cúis ar an Eiritéir go raibh siad ag ionsaí píosa talún a bhí faoi riaradh na hEitóp. D'fhreagair na Eritreans go raibh an talamh atá i gceist acu de cheart. Bhí cogadh ar thrí thír ag an toradh agus na mílte duine a maraíodh. Cé a bhunaigh an coimisiún teorann? Bhunaigh an dá thír an coimisiún mar chuid de shocrú síochána na hAilgéire a shínigh an dá pháirtí sa bhliain 2000. Lean sé an tsamhail a úsáideadh i gcásanna eile ar fud an domhain, áit a ndearnadh úsáid as trialacha eadrána, in ionad na Cúirte Idirnáisiúnta Dlí agus Cirt. Bhí cúig dhlíodóir ann - dhá cheann acu ainmnithe ag gach tír, a ainmníonn uachtarán an choimisiúin a bhfuil an vóta a chaitear. Cad iad, mar sin, téarmaí tagartha an Choimisiúin? Iarradh ar an gcoimisiún conarthaí coilíneacha a léiriú mar bhunús don teorainn. Socraíodh an teorainn seo i 1902 trí chonradh idir rialtas na hIodáile, a bhí tar éis an Eirítrea a choilíneacht, agus Impire na hIodáile Menelik II - rialóir ar cheann de na cúpla stát neamhspleách san Afraic. Tá an teorainn thart ar 900 km ar fhad, agus tá cuid de na críocha is tirim, is te agus is naimhdeacha ar domhan ann. Tá cuid de shainmhínithe ag aibhneacha. Tá an chuid is mó den limistéar teorann atá i ndíospóid go gann ina gcónaí - talamh neamhtháir a úsáidtear mar thailte féaraithe traidisiúnta ag daoine áitiúla. Maidir le hacmhainní nádúrtha, níl aon luach ar bith ag an limistéar a bhfuil díospóid ann. Geall an dá thír leis an E.N. go nglacfaidís leis an gcinneadh ar bith a d'éirigh leis agus nach raibh aon cheart achomhairc ann. Cad a bhí sa chinneadh agus cén fáth nár cuireadh i bhfeidhm é? Ní raibh cuid mhór de bhreithiúnas an choimisiúin i mí na Bealtaine 2002 díospóideach, ach chuir an Eitipia agóid i gcoinne dhámhachtain Badme ar an Eiritrea - cé nach raibh an baile marcáilte go conspóideach ar léarscáil na Eiritrea. Tar éis dó soiléiriú a lorg agus gan an coimisiún a chur ar ais ar a chinneadh, d'áitigh an Eitóp go mbeadh cainteanna ann sula n-oibreoidh sé le deighilt fisiciúil na teorann. Ó shin i leith tá frustrachas ag dul i méid ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe as an gcostas a bhaineann le fórsa síochána a chothabháil ar feadh an chrios buffer caol ar an teorainn. Tá iarrachtaí taidhleoireachta chun an dá thaobh a chur i dteagmháil tar éis titim - go príomha toisc gur dhiúltaigh an Eiritrea an t-ábhar a phlé go dtí go nglacfaidh an Eitipia leis an mbreithiúnas - rud nach ndearna an Eitipia go dtí seo. Mar sin, cad a tharlaíonn ina dhiaidh sin? Níl sé chun leasa na hIodáile ná na hEireataí stádas naimhdeachta a choimeád, agus tá dúnadh a dteorainneacha ag déanamh damáiste mór don dá thaobh. Go teoiriciúil, d'fhéadfadh fógra an Phríomh-Aire na hIodáile Meles Zenawi sa pharlaimint go nglacann a rialtas leis an rialú "i bprionsabal" go bhféadfaí cainteanna a thosú má aontaíonn an Eiritrea. Ceadaíonn sé freisin do na taidhleoirí dul ar aghaidh le hiarrachtaí chun réiteach a fháil ar cheist Badme ar bhealach a ligeann do gach taobh a éileamh nach bhfuil siad caillte. Is é an fhéidearthacht amháin go bhféadfadh an Aetóip leanúint ar aghaidh ag riaradh Badme, agus sí ag aithint ceannasacht na hEiritrea ar an gceantar. D'fhéadfadh sé a bheith indéanta fiú, le beagán dea-thoil, aontacht a thabhairt ar chomhriarachán Badme. Is é an fhírinne, áfach, go bhfuil an delimitation fisiciúil na teorann a chur Badme i Eiritrea fós an-fhada amach - agus fós pill an-bhrí le hIodáile a shlógáil. Is é an baol go bhféadfadh frustrachas na nEirítreacha coinbhleacht athnuaite a spreagadh. Cad é ról na n-airí síochána na Náisiún Aontaithe ? Go gairid tar éis an chomhaontaithe síochána i 2000, bhunaigh Comhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe Unmee agus thug sé údarás do fhórsa de suas le 4,200 pearsanra míleata monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar an gconradh-toirmeasc agus a chinntiú go gcomhlíonann an dá thaobh gnéithe slándála an chomhaontaithe síochána. Táthar ag súil go mbeidh siad ann ar feadh tréimhse ghearr, agus tá trúpaí na Náisiún Aontaithe ag feidhmiú i gcuid de na háiteanna is neamhghnó ar domhan. Déanann siad patróil ar limistéar thart ar 25km ar leithead agus 900km ar fhad ar thaobh na hEritrea den teorainn le hIodáile. Faoi láthair tá thart ar 3,300 cosantóir síochána agus breathnóir míleata ó thart ar 40 tír, 191 sibhialtach agus 74 de dheonach na Náisiún Aontaithe ag obair le haghaidh Unmee. Tá thart ar 1,500 saighdiúir Indiach mar an comhpháirt is mó sa fórsa atá faoi cheannas an Ghinéarail Rajender Singh. Ach tá a láithreacht leanúnach cúig bliana tar éis comhaontú síochána ina cheannródaíocht costasach don UN. Tá an bille anois $ 1 billiún agus ag ardú. De bharr srianta a chuir Eritrea ar a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí le déanaí, tá fórsaí na Náisiún Aontaithe á fhágáil i seasamh atá ag éirí níos neamh-inbhallaithe agus gan mórán dóchúlachta ar dhearcaíocht teorann, ní mór go bhfuil na seansanna go dtarraingeofar an fórsa amach ag fás. Mar sin féin, chun imeacht anois Ba cheart go mbeadh an t-aistriúchán seo mar theip ar an Aontas Eorpach.

On RISCs the Gforth engine is very close to optimal; i.e., it is usually impossible to write a significantly faster engine. On register-starved machines like the 386 architecture processors improvements are possible, because gcc does not utilize the registers as well as a human, even with explicit register declarations; e.g., Bernd Beuster wrote a Forth system fragment in assembly language and hand-tuned it for the 486; this system is 1.19 times faster on the Sieve benchmark on a 486DX2/66 than Gforth compiled with However, this potential advantage of assembly language implementations is not necessarily realized in complete Forth systems: We compared Gforth (direct threaded, compiled with -DFORCE_REG) with Win32Forth 1.2093, LMI's NT Forth (Beta, May 1994) and Eforth (with and without peephole (aka pinhole) optimization of the threaded code); all these systems were written in assembly language. We also compared Gforth with three systems written in C: PFE-0.9.14 (compiled with gcc-2.6.3 with the default configuration for Linux: -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -DUSE_REGS -DUNROLL_NEXT), ThisForth Beta (compiled with gcc-2.6.3 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer; ThisForth employs peephole optimization of the threaded code) and TILE (compiled with make opt). We benchmarked Gforth, PFE, ThisForth and TILE on a 486DX2/66 under Linux. Kenneth O'Heskin kindly provided the results for Win32Forth and NT Forth on a 486DX2/66 with similar memory performance under Windows NT. Marcel Hendrix ported Eforth to Linux, then extended it to run the benchmarks, added the peephole optimizer, ran the benchmarks and reported the We used four small benchmarks: the ubiquitous Sieve; bubble-sorting and matrix multiplication come from the Stanford integer benchmarks and have been translated into Forth by Martin Fraeman; we used the versions included in the TILE Forth package, but with bigger data set sizes; and a recursive Fibonacci number computation for benchmarking calling performance. The following table shows the time taken for the benchmarks scaled by the time taken by Gforth (in other words, it shows the speedup factor that Gforth achieved over the other systems). relative Win32- NT eforth This- time Gforth Forth Forth eforth +opt PFE Forth TILE sieve 1.00 1.39 1.14 1.39 0.85 1.58 3.18 8.58 bubble 1.00 1.31 1.41 1.48 0.88 1.50 3.88 matmul 1.00 1.47 1.35 1.46 0.74 1.58 4.09 fib 1.00 1.52 1.34 1.22 0.86 1.74 2.99 4.30 You may find the good performance of Gforth compared with the systems written in assembly language quite surprising. One important reason for the disappointing performance of these systems is probably that they are not written optimally for the 486 (e.g., they use the instruction). In addition, Win32Forth uses a comfortable, but costly method for relocating the Forth image: like cforth, it computes the actual addresses at run time, resulting in two address computations per NEXT (see section Image File Background). Only Eforth with the peephole optimizer performs comparable to Gforth. The speedups achieved with peephole optimization of threaded code are quite remarkable. Adding a peephole optimizer to Gforth should cause similar speedups. The speedup of Gforth over PFE, ThisForth and TILE can be easily explained with the self-imposed restriction of the latter systems to standard C, which makes efficient threading impossible (however, the measured implementation of PFE uses a GNU C extension: see section `Defining Global Register Variables' in GNU C Manual). Moreover, current C compilers have a hard time optimizing other aspects of the ThisForth and the TILE source. Note that the performance of Gforth on 386 architecture processors varies widely with the version of gcc used. E.g., failed to allocate any of the virtual machine registers into real machine registers by itself and would not work correctly with explicit register declarations, giving a 1.3 times slower engine (on a 486DX2/66 running the Sieve) than the one measured above. Note also that there have been several releases of Win32Forth since the release presented here, so the results presented here may have little predictive value for the performance of Win32Forth today. In Translating Forth to Efficient C by M. Anton Ertl and Martin Maierhofer (presented at EuroForth '95), an indirect threaded version of Gforth is compared with Win32Forth, NT Forth, PFE, and ThisForth; that version of Gforth is 2%-8% slower on a 486 than the direct threaded version used here. The paper available at http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl&maierhofer95.ps.gz; it also contains numbers for some native code systems. You can find a newer version of these measurements at http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/performance.html. You can find numbers for Gforth on various machines in `Benchres'. Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.

<urn:uuid:23f86462-d666-4f95-9740-b6f34e22fbd4>

CC-MAIN-2015-11

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~forth/gforth_150.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463453.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00241-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Ar RISCanna tá an t-inneall Gforth an-ghar don uasmhéid; i.e., de ghnáth is dodhéanta inneall i bhfad níos tapúla a scríobh. Ar na meaisíní clár-ghorta mar na próiseálaithe 386 ailtireacht is féidir feabhsuithe a dhéanamh, toisc Ní úsáideann gcc an clár chomh maith le duine, fiú má dhéantar dearbhú clár go sainráite; e.g., scríobh Bernd Beuster codán córas Forth i dteanga tionóil agus lámh-tuned sé don 486; tá an córas seo 1.19 uair níos tapúla ar an Tagarmharc síob ar 486DX2/66 ná Gforth a comhlánaíodh le Mar sin féin, is é an buntáiste féideartha seo a bhaineann le cur chun feidhme teanga comhcheangail Ní gá go ndéanfaí é a bhaint amach i gcórais iomlána Forth: Rinneamar comparáid Gforth (le trealadh díreach, comhlánaithe le -DFORCE_REG) le Win32Forth 1.2093, NT Forth LMI (Beta, Bealtaine 1994) agus Eforth (le agus gan uasmhéadú peephole (aka pinhole) an cód threadaithe); scríobhadh na córais seo go léir i gcomhthiomsú teanga. Rinneamar comparáid freisin idir Gforth agus trí chóras scríofa i C: PFE-0.9.14 (a chuirtear le chéile le gcc-2.6.3 leis an bhfolach cumraíocht do Linux: -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -DUSE_REGS -DUNROLL_NEXT), ThisForth Beta (a bailíodh le gcc-2.6.3 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer; úsáideann ThisForth barrfheabhsú peephole an cód snáithe) agus TILE (a chuirtear le chéile le a dhéanamh opt). Rinneamar comparáid Gforth, PFE, ThisForth agus TILE ar 486DX2/66 faoi Linux. Kenneth O'Heskin a thug go grámhar na torthaí do Win32Forth agus NT Forth ar 486DX2/66 le feidhmíocht chuimhne den chineál céanna faoi Windows NT. Marcel Hendrix Eforth ported go Linux, ansin leathnaigh sé chun na benchmarks a reáchtáil, an peephole optimizer, rith na benchmarks agus thuairiscigh an D'úsáid muid ceithre tháscaire beag: an Sieve uileláithreach; tagann iolrú maitrís ó na sásanna iomlána Stanford agus tá aistríodh go Forth ag Martin Fraeman; d'úsáid muid na leaganacha a chuimsítear i bpacáiste TILE Forth, ach le méideanna níos mó tacar sonraí; agus ríomh ríomh Fibonacci athfhillteach chun glaoch tagarmharc a dhéanamh feidhmíocht. Léiríonn an tábla seo a leanas an t-am a thóg na tagarmharcanna scálaithe de réir an ama a thóg Gforth (i bhfocail eile, léiríonn sé an luasghéarú Is é an t-ábhar a bhí i gceist ná an t-ábhar a bhí i gceist. Win32- NT eforth This- time Gforth Forth eforth +opt PFE Forth TILE sieve 1.00 1.39 1.14 1.39 0.85 1.58 3.18 8.58 bubble 1.00 1.31 1.41 1.48 0.88 1.50 3.88 matmul 1.00 1.47 1.35 1.46 0.74 1.58 4.09 fib 1.00 1.52 1.34 1.22 0.86 1.74 2.99 4.30 Féadfaidh tú feidhmíocht mhaith Gforth a fháil i gcomparáid leis na córais scríofa i dteanga tionóil go leor iontas. Ceann de na cúiseanna tábhachtacha Is dócha gurb é an fheidhmíocht díomá na gcóras seo ná go bhfuil siad Ní scríofa go huathoibríoch don 486 (m.sh., úsáideann siad an teagasc). Ina theannta sin, úsáideann Win32Forth compordach, ach costasach modh chun an íomhá Forth a athshlánú: cosúil cforth, comhaontaíonn sé na seoltaí iarbhír ag am rith, rud a fhágann go bhfuil dhá ríomh seoltaí per NEXT (féach an chuid Cúlra Comhad Íomhá). Níl ach Eforth leis an bpróiseálaí peephole a fheidhmíonn i gcomparáid le Gforth. Tá na speedups a baintear amach le peephole oiriúnú cód threadaithe suntasach go leor. Ba chóir go dtarlódh luasghéarú den chineál céanna má chuirtear optamaitheoir peephole le Gforth. Is féidir luasghéarú Gforth thar PFE, ThisForth agus TILE a mhíniú go héasca le srianta féin-ordaithe na gcóras deireanach go caighdeánach C, rud a fhágann go bhfuil threading éifeachtach dodhéanta (ach, úsáideann cur i bhfeidhm tomhaiste PFE síneadh GNU C: féach an chuid 'Defining Global Register Variables' in GNU C Manual). Ina theannta sin, tá deacracht ag comhlánaithe C reatha gnéithe eile den ThisForth agus den fhoinse TILE a bharrfheabhsú. Tabhair faoi deara go bhfuil feidhmíocht Gforth ar phróiseálaithe 386 ailtireachta athraíonn go mór leis an leagan de gcc a úsáidtear. Mar shampla, Níor éirigh leis aon cheann de na cláir meaisín fíorúil a leithdháileadh i fíor Is é an t-ábhar a úsáidtear chun an t-ábhar a scriosadh ná an t-ábhar a scriosadh. Dearbhuithe clárúcháin, ag tabhairt 1.3 uair níos moille a innill (ar 486DX2/66 Tá an t-am a bhfuil an t-am a bhfuil an t-am a bhfuil an t-am a bhfuil an t-am a bhfuil an t-am a bhfuil an t-am a bhfuil an t-am. Tabhair faoi deara freisin go bhfuil roinnt scaoileadh Win32Forth tar éis an scaoileadh a chuirtear i láthair anseo, mar sin d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh luach beag réamhaisnéisí ag na torthaí a chuirtear i láthair anseo maidir le feidhmíocht Win32Forth inniu. In Translating Forth to Efficient C by M. Anton Ertl and Martin Maierhofer (a cuireadh i láthair ag EuroForth '95), leagan treorach indíreach de Tá Gforth i gcomparáid le Win32Forth, NT Forth, PFE, agus ThisForth; go Tá leagan Gforth 2% -8% níos moille ar 486 ná an leagan díreach leagan snáthaithe a úsáidtear anseo. Tá an páipéar ar fáil ag http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl&maierhofer95.ps.gz; tá uimhreacha ann freisin do roinnt cód chórais dhúchasacha. Is féidir leat leagan níos nuaí de na tomhais seo a fháil ag http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/performance.html. Is féidir leat uimhreacha a fháil do Gforth ar mhéideanna éagsúla i 'Benchres'. Téigh go dtí an chéad, roimhe seo, an chéad cheann eile, an chuid deireanach, tábla ábhar.

Planting citrus trees in your garden will not only add an attractive aesthetic, but it will also provide you with plenty of well-loved and healthy organic citrus fruit that you and your family can enjoy eating and cooking with. They are relatively easy to grow and suffer from few problems – here are some planting, growing and harvesting tips on growing citrus trees in your garden. From mid-summer, through winter, the citrus family bear many popular fruits, including lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit, naartjies, mandarins, and so on. One of the major benefits of citrus trees is that the fruit doesn’t rot quickly – in fact, it can hang on the tree for a comparatively long period of time, only needing to be picked when they are required. In this way, you don’t need to find interesting ways of preserving your harvest like you do with other fruit, but instead you can enjoy fresh citrus fruit for a much longer period of time. If you are looking to plant a citrus tree in your garden, then the first thing you need to do is to find a suitable location. The position you choose should be well drained, full of sun and protected from any frost. In fact, lemon trees are the only citrus trees that can tolerate frost in any way, so if your garden is prone to frost in the winter, it is highly advisable to cover your other citrus trees with hessian during the cold winter months. If you are going to plant more than one citrus tree, be sure to leave a gap of approximately 5 metres between each tree. Citrus trees also do very well when planted in containers, so long as they are well fertilised and fed. To plant, dig a suitably sized hole, one that is a fair size bigger than will be needed for just the tree. Then, to the hole, add a bag of compost, mixed with a large handful of superphosphate, another handful of 2:3:2, and some of the excavated soil. Remove the tree from the bag and lower it into the hole. Fill the hole with the remaining topsoil, firm it down well and water deeply. Feeding, watering and pruning You should feed your citrus tree every year in the month of July. Also, make sure that the area around the trunk of the tree is well mulched to keep the ground moist. Also, you should fertilise your citrus tree in July, December and March with suitable amounts of 3:1:5, and approximately 75g of Magnesium sulphate (Epson salts). Citrus trees need quite a bit of water – ideally they should be watered for about 45 minutes, once a week. Deep watering should begin during the month of July, right through to the end of the summer months in order to ensure that the tree bears a lot of flowers – the more flowers it bears; the more fruit it will produce. Be careful not to over-water however – if, for example, the summer months receive a lot of rainfall, then you don’t need to water at all. The watering schedule can be reduced from the autumn months, from around April, through to July. With regards to pruning citrus trees can be left pretty much unattended with regards to pruning. All that needs to be done is to cut away any dead wood every so often and prune away the lower branches to aid the circulation of air throughout the tree structure. Any kind of pruning needs to be done during the month of July, and pruning sites should be well sealed with a suitable sealant, such as Tree seal for example. Once the job is complete, the entire tree should be sprayed with Lime Sulphur to kill off any fungus and insects that may be lurking on the tree. – Antonella Desi

<urn:uuid:74943d70-b49b-4989-aa4a-985583f9d6eb>

CC-MAIN-2018-17

http://louiesnursery.com/growing-citrus-trees/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946688.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424115900-20180424135900-00249.warc.gz

en

Ní hamháin go gcuirfidh plandaí citris i do ghairdín áilleacht tarraingteach leis, ach soláthróidh sé go leor de thorthaí citris orgánacha is fearr leat agus sláintiúla duit agus do theaghlach ar féidir leat taitneamh a bhaint as ithe agus cócaireacht a dhéanamh leo. Tá siad réasúnta éasca a fhás agus ní bhíonn mórán fadhbanna acu tá roinnt leideanna anseo maidir le plandaíocht, fás agus fómhar a dhéanamh ar chrainn citris a fhás i do ghairdín. Ó lár an tsamhraidh, trí gheimhreadh, bíonn go leor torthaí tóir ar an teaghlach citris, lena n-áirítear liomóidí, limes, oráiste, grapefruit, naartjies, mandarin, agus mar sin de. Ceann de na buntáistí móra atá ag crann citris ná nach ndéanann an toradh truailliú go tapa - go deimhin, is féidir é a chrochadh ar an gcrann ar feadh tréimhse réasúnta fada, agus ní gá iad a phiocadh ach amháin nuair a theastaíonn uathu. Ar an mbealach seo, ní gá duit bealaí suimiúla a aimsiú chun do thorthaí a chaomhnú mar a dhéanann tú le torthaí eile, ach in ionad sin is féidir leat taitneamh a bhaint as torthaí citris úra ar feadh tréimhse i bhfad níos faide. Má tá tú ag iarraidh crann citris a phlandaí i do ghairdín, ansin is é an chéad rud a chaithfidh tú a dhéanamh ná suíomh oiriúnach a fháil. Ba chóir go mbeadh an seasamh a roghnaíonn tú go maith draenáilte, lán de ghrian agus faoi chosaint ó aon fhriota. Go deimhin, is iad crainn liomóide na crainn citris amháin a d'fhéadfadh frost a fhulaingt ar aon bhealach, mar sin má tá do ghairdín buailte le frost sa gheimhreadh, is mór an moladh é do crainn citris eile a chlúdach le hessian le linn mhíonna fuar an gheimhridh. Má tá tú chun níos mó ná crann citris amháin a phlandaí, bí cinnte go bhfágann tú bearna de thart ar 5 mhéadar idir gach crann. Tá sé an-mhaith freisin le crainn citris a chur i gcoimeádáin, fad is go bhfuil siad feirmeáilte go maith agus go bhfuil bia á thabhairt dóibh. Chun plandáil a dhéanamh, tochailt poll de mhéid oiriúnach, ceann atá i bhfad níos mó ná mar a bheidh gá leis an gcrann amháin. Ansin, cuir sa bhosca mála compósta, a mheascadh le dornán mór superphosphate, dornán eile de 2:3:2, agus cuid den ithir a bhí curtha i mbun na sceithe. Tóg an crann as an mála agus í a chur isteach sa pholl. Líon an tollán leis an mbarr talún atá fágtha, é a dhaingniú go maith agus uisce go domhain. Feistiú, uisceadh agus gearradh Ba chóir duit do chrann citris a chothú gach bliain i mí Iúil. Chomh maith leis sin, déan cinnte go bhfuil an limistéar timpeall an chnoic go maith mulched chun an talamh a choinneáil taise. Chomh maith leis sin, ba cheart duit do chrann citris a fhásáil i mí Iúil, Nollaig agus Márta le méideanna oiriúnacha 3:1:5, agus thart ar 75g de sulfáit maignéisiam (salann Epson). Ní mór go leor uisce a thabhairt do chrainn citris - ba cheart go mbeadh sé iontach iad a uisce ar feadh thart ar 45 nóiméad, uair sa tseachtain. Ba chóir uisce domhain a thosú i mí Iúil, go dtí deireadh mhíonna an tsamhraidh chun a chinntiú go dtógfaidh an crann go leor bláthanna an níos mó bláthanna a bhíonn aige; is mó torthaí a tháirgeann sé. Bí cúramach gan ró-uisce a chaitheamh ach má bhíonn go leor báistí i míonna an tsamhraidh, mar shampla, ní gá duit uisce a chaitheamh ar chor ar bith. Is féidir an sceideal uisce a laghdú ó mhíonna an fhómhair, ó thart ar Aibreán, go dtí Iúil. Maidir le gearradh, is féidir crainn citris a fhágáil go leor gan chúram maidir le gearradh. Níl le déanamh ach aon adhmad marbh a ghearradh amach go minic agus na brainsí is ísle a chorrú chun cabhrú le timthriall an aeir a chur ar fud struchtúr na crainn. Ba cheart aon chineál gearradh a dhéanamh i mí Iúil, agus ba cheart na háiteanna gearradh a shéaladh go maith le sealant oiriúnach, mar shampla seil crann. Nuair a bheidh an obair críochnaithe, ba cheart an crann iomlán a spraeáil le Sulphur Lime chun aon fhongus agus insteacsa a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ag luí ar an gcrann a mharú. Antonella Desi

'Lost City' Used 500 Years of Soil Erosion to Benefit Crop Farming Researchers at the University of York working on a 700-year-old abandoned agricultural site in Tanzania have shown that soil erosion benefited farming practices for some 500 years. The study, published in Quaternary Research, shows that historical practices of capturing soils that were eroded from the hillside could be valuable to modern day farming techniques. Research demonstrated that sophisticated irrigation systems and terraces at the site of Engaruka were not built to prevent soil erosion, as originally thought, but were instead built to capture eroded sediments to feed the arid landscape below. Engaruka first came under the spotlight in 1935 and was thought, at the time, to be a "lost city" of up to 40,000 inhabitants. It has since been recognized as the remains of the largest abandoned system of irrigated agricultural fields and terraces in sub-Saharan Africa.

<urn:uuid:175c5226-3e8e-4d5a-a937-72e387e1adc5>

CC-MAIN-2021-04

https://www.climatechangenewsservice.org/single-post/2017/08/25/lost-city-used-500-years-of-soil-erosion-to-benefit-crop-farming

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703519784.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119201033-20210119231033-00612.warc.gz

en

'Baile Caillte' a D'úsáid 500 Bliain de Thréimhse Éireolais Talún chun Tairbhe a bhaint as Feirmeoireacht Léirigh taighdeoirí in Ollscoil Eabhrac atá ag obair ar shuíomh talmhaíochta thréigthe 700 bliain d'aois sa Tansáin go raibh tairbhe ag éadóisiú talmhaíochta ar chleachtais talmhaíochta ar feadh thart ar 500 bliain. Léiríonn an staidéar, a foilsíodh i gCuartrúil Taighde, go bhféadfadh cleachtais stairiúla chun ithir a ghabháil a bhí ag éadóisiú ó thaobh na cnoic a bheith luachmhar do theicnící feirmeoireachta an lae inniu. Léirigh taighde nach raibh córais uisciúcháin agus terraces sofaisticiúla ag suíomh Engaruka tógtha chun creimeadh ithreach a chosc, mar a cheapadh ar dtús, ach a tógadh ina ionad sin chun sedimintí creimeadh a ghabháil chun an tírdhreach tirim thíos a chothú. Tháinig Engaruka faoi bhráid na spéire den chéad uair i 1935 agus meastar, ag an am, gur "chathair chaillte" é de suas le 40,000 áitritheoir. Ó shin i leith, aithníodh é mar iarsmaí an chórais thréigthe is mó de réimsí talmhaíochta agus de chladaigh uisciúla san Afraic faoi bhun na Saáraí.

Table of Contents Molecular Basis of Malignant Neoplasms Metastasis The main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms lies in the ability of malignant neoplasms to metastasize to distant organs or invade adjacent structures. This metastatic phenomenon is responsible for most of the cancer-related mortality and a deeper understanding of its mechanisms can help in developing more specific treatments for malignant neoplasms. Two important abnormalities are responsible for this malignant behavior; the first is related to cell-cell adhesion, while the latter is about cell-matrix adhesion. Different forms of cell-cell adhesion complexes exist especially in the epithelial cell line to ensure optimal function. These include tight junctions, adherens junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. For tumor cells to be able to metastasize, they should get loose from their micro-environment, and dysfunction of these different adhesion complexes is responsible for that. Up-regulation or down-regulation of tight junctions (TJ) has been reported in different forms of epithelial cancers, such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer and is believed to be responsible for cancer invasiveness and metastasis properties. Tight junctions are usually down-regulated, but, even if they are up-regulated, they are believed to be malfunctioning and to result in loss of cell–to–cell adhesion. Adherens junctions (AJ) are found in the basal side of the epithelium and are of the cadherin family of proteins. In order for the malignant cells to be able to metastasize, they should lose adhesion to the basal membrane and to the cellular matrix, which can be explained in several forms by a loss of cadherin that would eventually lead to decreased cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion. Gap junctions are responsible for the free movement of cell-to-cell small molecules and electrolytes. These junctions are important in signal transduction from one cell to the other, and an abnormality would result in impaired synchrony between the different cells. Connexin is a protein that is found in gap junctions and its loss has been described in several forms of cancer such as colorectal cancer. Connexin loss in colorectal cancer has been associated with an increased risk of recurrence and a decreased survival rate due to metastatic disease. Desmosomes are another type of cell-to-cell junctions that are responsible for very strong adherence between epithelial cells. While connexin loss of gap junctions has been reported to be a late finding in malignant neoplasms, desmosomes are believed to be impaired early in the disease process and are responsible for early invasiveness and metastasis. Integrins and selectins Integrins are a group of proteins responsible for cellular adhesion and interaction with the extracellular matrix and have been found to be impaired in different forms of cancer such as colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer. The role of integrins in malignancy is more difficult to appreciate as they are found to be decreased or increased in different stages of the disease, but they are clearly related to the metastatic properties of malignant neoplasms. Selectins are another group of adhesion molecules that are related to the cellular interaction with pro-inflammatory molecules, leukocytes, and vascular endothelium. One of the most common examples of early-stage metastatic cancers is small cell lung cancer, which carries a very high mortality risk. Small cell lung cancer cells are believed to metastasize by adhering to selectins in activated endothelium and to gain access to the bloodstream. Integrins, as we explained, also play an important role in the interaction between the epithelium and the extracellular matrix. Cell adhesion molecules include cadherin, integrins, and selectins and they have been found to strictly control cellular differentiation and migration properties. In several forms of malignancies, cellular differentiation and migration are impaired due to an abnormal expression of cell adhesion molecules. CD44 is another cell adhesion molecule that has a close role in the regulation of microRNA. CD44 is over-expressed in cancer cells and is believed to be responsible for tumor invasion, the metastatic behavior of malignant neoplasms and resistance to apoptosis. CD44 is currently being studied as a possible therapeutic target in colon cancer. The several types of adhesion molecules described here can be used in cancer prognosis and diagnosis. For instance, claudin-7, a tight junction protein, has been found to be highly correlated with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. A decreased level of claudin-7 has also been found to be associated with a more severe form of prostatic cancer. Another tight junction protein, claudin-1, has been found to be an effective therapeutic target for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Cadherin is an important biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer monitoring for patients currently taking erlotinib. Epithelial–to–Mesenchymal Transformation in Malignant Neoplasms In order for malignant neoplasms to behave aggressively and metastasize, the tumor cells have to become motile. While cellular motility is normal in certain processes, such as inflammation and wound healing, it plays an important role in metastatic processes. For tumor cells to become motile, they should have altered cellular adhesive properties as we previously explained, but also need to differentiate and transform into a mesenchymal cell and lose its epithelial properties. For epithelial tumor cells to transform into mesenchymal cells, they first need to lose cell–to–cell adhesion. This is usually followed by an expression of altered cell surface proteins, degradation of the extracellular matrix and morphological changes of the tumor cells. The most important adhesive molecule to be lost in order for the tumor cells to become mesenchymal is E-cadherin. E-cadherin is usually substituted with N-cadherin, which is responsible for the metastatic and invasive behavior of malignant neoplasms. In specific tumors such as meningiomas, E-cadherin is over-expressed. Certain signaling pathways are also activated in cancer that facilitates epithelial–to–mesenchymal transformation, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP7). Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Malignant Neoplasms At this stage, it should be evident that malignant neoplasms in order for them to metastasize or invade the lymphatic system or distant organs, they should have access to the blood and lymphatic streams. This is achieved by two processes known as angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Angiogenesis in malignant neoplasms is the result of the expression of several molecules that are pro-angiogenic. One common example is the over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factors that are responsible for the induction of the formation of new blood vessels. Lymphangiogenesis is defined as the formation of new lymphatic vessels inside the tumor and is believed to play a key role in the lymphatic spread of malignant neoplasms. Vascular endothelial growth factors are believed to be one of the most important regulators of angiogenesis and have been the target of different therapeutic anti-cancers with variable success. Additionally, endovascular occlusion of these vessels is essential in controlling the size of the tumor, and can sometimes render a non-operable tumor into an operable one. Organ-specific Metastasis in Malignant Neoplasms Osteosarcoma, head, and neck tumors are also commonly associated with early lung metastasis. The liver metastatic disease is most commonly encountered in adenocarcinomas, especially of the gastrointestinal tract. Lung, breast and renal carcinoma have all been associated with brain metastatic disease. The bone metastatic disease is more common with prostatic and breast cancers.

<urn:uuid:862928cc-5f42-498b-9e55-62b4b09bb795>

CC-MAIN-2021-04

https://www.lecturio.com/magazine/malignant-neoplasms-metastasis/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703519395.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119135001-20210119165001-00347.warc.gz

en

Tábla de na Téacsanna Bunús Móilíneach Metastasis Neoplazmí Maignéiseacha Is é an príomhdhifríocht idir neoplasms neamhdhíobhálach agus malignant ná cumas neoplasms malignant meastastastáil chuig orgáin iargúlta nó ionradh a dhéanamh ar struchtúir in aice láimhe. Tá an feiniméan meastastatach seo freagrach as an chuid is mó den bhás a bhaineann le ailse agus is féidir le tuiscint níos doimhne ar a mheicníochtaí cabhrú le cóireálacha níos sainiúla a fhorbairt le haghaidh neoplasms malignant. Tá dhá neamhghnáchas tábhachtach freagrach as an iompar maláin seo; baineann an chéad cheann le greamaíocht chealla-chealla, agus baineann an dara ceann le greamaíocht mhátríteas-chealla. Tá cineálacha éagsúla coimpléisc greamaithe cealla-cealla ann go háirithe sa líne chealla epithelial chun feidhm is fearr a chinntiú. Áirítear orthu seo nascanna dlúth, nascanna adhérens, nascanna bearna, agus desmosomes. Chun go mbeidh cealla tumoir in ann meastastóisiú, ní mór dóibh a bheith scaoilte óna micreamhéid, agus tá mífheidhm na gcomhchruinnithe greamaitheacha éagsúla seo freagrach as sin. Tuairiscíodh suas-rialú nó ísle-rialú na n-aicmeanna dlúth (TJ) i bhfoirmeacha éagsúla ailse epithelial, mar ailse colorectal, ailse pancreas, agus ailse chíche agus creidtear go bhfuil sé freagrach as tréithe ionrach agus meastóisis ailse. De ghnáth bíonn na haontais dhún-rialaithe síos, ach, fiú má tá siad rialáilte suas, creidtear go bhfuil siad ag feidhmiú go míchuí agus go bhfuil caillteanas greamaitheacht cillelecille mar thoradh orthu. Tá nascanna adhérens (AJ) le fáil i taobh bhunúsach an epithelium agus is iad sin de theaghlach próitéiní cadherin. D'fhonn go mbeadh na cealla malignant in ann meastastastáil, ba cheart dóibh greamaíocht leis an mbramán basal agus leis an mátrix cheallach a chailleadh, rud a d'fhéadfaí a mhíniú i roinnt foirmeacha trí chailliúint cadherin a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina chúis le laghdú ar greamaíocht chealla-le-chill agus cealla-le-mátrix. Tá na haisnithe bearna freagrach as gluaiseacht saor in aisce móilíní beaga agus leictrealaithe ó chill go cill. Tá na haiscí seo tábhachtach i dtrasuithe comhartha ó chill amháin go dtí an chill eile, agus d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh neamhghnáchas mar thoradh ar shionchrónas lag idir na cealla éagsúla. Is próitéin é Connexin a fhaightear i gcúinsí bearna agus tuairiscíodh a chailliúint i roinnt cineálacha ailse mar ailse colorectal. Tá baint ag caillteanas Connexin i gcancer colorectal le riosca méadaithe athfhillte agus ráta maireachtála laghdaithe mar gheall ar ghalar meastastáiseach. Is cineál eile de cheangail chealla-le-chealla iad desmosomes atá freagrach as greamaíocht an-láidir idir cealla epithelial. Cé gur tuairiscíodh go bhfuil caillteanas na nascanna bearna ag baint le heolasmaí malúineacha, creidtear go bhfuil deacrachtaí ag desmosomes go luath sa phróiseas galar agus go bhfuil siad freagrach as ionrach agus meastastáis go luath. Integrins agus selectins Is grúpa próitéiní iad Integrins atá freagrach as greamaitheacht agus idirghníomhaíocht cheallach leis an mátrix extracellular agus fuarthas go bhfuil siad lag i bhfoirmeacha éagsúla ailse mar carcinoma colorectal, ailse scamhóg, agus ailse laryngeal. Tá sé níos deacra ról na n-intriginí i ngéarchéim a mheas mar go bhfuil siad laghdaithe nó méadaithe i gcéimeanna éagsúla na galair, ach tá baint soiléir acu le hairíonna meastastáisteacha neoplasms maláin. Is grúpa eile de mhóilíní greamaitheacha iad na seilectíní a bhaineann leis an idirghníomhaíocht cheallach le móilíní pró-athlastacha, leicósaití agus endothelium vascular. Ceann de na samplaí is coitianta de ailse meastastatacha céim luath is ea ailse scamhóg cealla beaga, a bhfuil riosca mórmhartachta an-ard ann. Creidtear go ndéanann cealla ailse scamhóg cealla beaga meastastastáil trína nglacadh le selectins san endothelium gníomhachtaithe agus rochtain a fháil ar an sruth fola. Tá ról tábhachtach ag Integrins, mar a mhínigh muid, freisin sa idirghníomhaíocht idir an epithelium agus an mátrix extracellular. I measc na móilíní greamaithe ceallacha tá cadherin, integrins, agus selectins agus fuarthas go rialaíonn siad difríocht agus maireachtáil cheallacha go docht. I roinnt cineálacha maláin, tá difríocht agus imirce cealla ag dul in olcas mar gheall ar léiriú neamhghnácha móilíní greamaithe cealla. Is móilín greamaithe cealla eile é CD44 a bhfuil ról dlúth aige i rialachán microRNA. Tá CD44 ró-infhoirthe i gcealla ailse agus creidtear go bhfuil sé freagrach as ionradh tumor, iompar meastastastasach neoplasms malignant agus friotaíocht i gcoinne apoptosis. Tá CD44 á staidéar faoi láthair mar sprioc teiripeach féideartha i gcancer colún. Is féidir na cineálacha éagsúla móilíní greamaithe a thuairiscítear anseo a úsáid i réamhaisnéis agus i gidiagnóis ailse. Mar shampla, fuarthas go bhfuil claudin-7, próitéin dlúth-cheangail, go mór nasctha le carcinoma ductal ionrach na bainne. Tá sé le feiceáil freisin go bhfuil leibhéal laghdaithe claudin-7 bainteach le foirm níos déine de ailse próstatach. Tá próitéin eile dlúth-chomhshó, claudin-1, le bheith ina sprioc teiripeach éifeachtach le haghaidh adenocarcinoma scamhóg meastastasach. Is biomarcóir tábhachtach é Cadherin i bhfianaise ailse scamhóg neamh-ghrannchlár beag a mhonatóireacht i gcás othair atá ag glacadh erlotinib faoi láthair. Athrú epithelialtoMesenchymal i Neoplásaim Maignéiseacha D'fhonn go n-iompar neoplasms malignant go hionsaitheach agus go ndéantar meastastastáil, ní mór do na cealla tumóireachta a bheith soghluaiste. Cé go bhfuil glúine mótailteacht gnáth i bpróisis áirithe, mar shampla athlasadh agus leigheas gorta, tá ról tábhachtach aige i bpróisis meastastatacha. Chun go mbeidh cealla tumoir gluaiseachta, ba chóir go mbeadh a gcuid airíonna greamaitheacha ceallacha athraithe mar a mhínigh muid roimhe seo, ach ní mór dóibh idirdhealú a dhéanamh agus athrú go cealla mesenchymal agus a gcuid airíonna epithelial a chailleadh. Chun go n-athróidh cealla tumóireachta epithelial go cealla mesenchymal, ní mór dóibh greamaíocht cealla-le-cealla a chailleadh ar dtús. De ghnáth leanann sé seo le léiriú próitéiní dromchla chealla a athraíodh, díghrádú an mhátraic seachcheallaigh agus athruithe morfo-eolaíocha na gcealla tumoir. Is é an móilín greamaitheach is tábhachtaí a chailltear d'fhonn go mbeidh na cealla tumoir mesenchymal ná E-cadherin. De ghnáth cuirtear N-cadherin in ionad E-cadherin, atá freagrach as iompar meastaastaisithe agus ionrach neoplasms malignant. I tomhúirí sonracha mar meningiomas, tá E-cadherin ró-in iúl. Déantar cosáin áirithe comharthaíochta a ghníomhachtú freisin i gcancer a éascaíonn an t-athrú epithelialtomesenchymal, mar shampla próitéin morphogenetic cnámh (BMP7). Angiogenesis agus Lymphangiogenesis i Neoplasaim Malignant Ag an gcéim seo, ba cheart go mbeadh sé soiléir go gcaithfidh rochtain a bheith ag neoplasms maláinseacha ar na sruthanna fola agus lymphatic ionas go bhféadfaidh siad meastaistíocht a dhéanamh nó dul isteach sa chóras lymphatic nó in orgáin iargúlta. Baintear é seo amach trí dhá phróiseas ar a dtugtar angiogenesis agus lymphangiogenesis. Is é angiogenesis i neoplasms malignant toradh na léiriú roinnt móilíní atá pro-angiogenic. Is sampla coitianta é an ró-a léiriú ar fhachtóirí fáis endothelial vascular atá freagrach as an t-eagrú ar fhoirmiú soithigh fola nua. Sainmhínítear lymphangiogenesis mar fhoirmiú soithigh lymphatic nua taobh istigh den tumor agus creidtear go bhfuil ról lárnach aige i scaipeadh lymphatic neoplasms malignant. Creidtear go bhfuil fachtóirí fáis endothelial vascular ar cheann de na rialtóirí is tábhachtaí d' angiogenesis agus bhí siad mar sprioc ag frith-aicmeacha teiripeacha éagsúla le rath éagsúil. Ina theannta sin, tá oclúid endovascular na soithí seo riachtanach chun méid an úsair a rialú, agus uaireanta is féidir le úsair neamh-oibreacha a dhéanamh ina úsair in-oibreacha. Metastasis Ógánach-Sonraithe i Neoplásaim Maignéiseacha Tá baint ag osteosarcoma, tumors ceann agus muineál go coitianta le meastastóisis luath scamhóige. Is é an galar meastastatach ae is coitianta a bhíonn i adenocarcinomas, go háirithe an chonair gastrointestinal. Tá carcinomaí scamhóige, cíche agus duáin bainteach le galar meastastáisteach inchinn. Tá an galar meastastatach cnámh níos coitianta le ailse próstatach agus ailse chíche.

I have read some topics relevant to Hashcode but still i am not getting the basic idea behind the method Hashcode,i know it returns an integer value....but still if anyone could explain me it will be realy kinda of you.... 1)What is Hashcode? 2)What is the use of HashCode?actualy can say why we use hashcode in our program? You already (must) know that to compare one object with another you can override the equals(Object a) method. So for the Dog you could define that dogFirst.equals(dogSecond) == TRUE If they have the same name and the same owner, right? Now suppose that you have a smart function (ok..ok... it is our hash function) that generate a different number for each two unique pair (name, owner). In this case doing dogFirst.hashcode == dogSecond.hashcode should give the same result than the equal method. Thats the basic idea. After this the things could became complex (the hashfunction is not so easy to write); but the basic idea is this: you have a very complicated object but if you can hash it you can uniquely identifying in the middle of thousand of (same kind) of objects and you can easily create an index of int without looking everytime inside its properties. Joined: May 08, 2007 Thanks a lot for such a great explanation Maurizio Nagni ,now i am clear with hashcode,but still have some doubt if you could help me? As you said it is used to compare objects,since each object is now identified with a particular integer,in case of wrapper classes value of equals method is TRUE bcoz equals method is overriden in wrapper class....but what if i try to compare objects of user class say A it will return false since i have to override the equals method.. but why it is said that if we want to override equals method we have to write hashcode method for it? what i think is we have to write hashcode so as to assign integer value to objects isnt it? but what the use of this integer value in equals method as it returns boolean value [dhwani mathur] why it is said that if we want to override equals method we have to write hashcode method for it? The use of hashCode is to improve the performance in placing and retrieving objects from the collection. It is ok to override equals(Object o) method for your class so that you could compare two objects whether they are meaningfully equal or not. What if you use object of your class as a key to Map. Storing or retrieving the object from the Map is two step process. We imagine the use of hashCode as determining which bucket to place the object in. Your hashCode tells that. As the unique distribution of hashCode is, as much efficient and fast your search process will be. Before an object corresponding to the key is stored in the map, hashCode is computed to find the bucket to place the object in. Let us talk about retrieving the object from the bucket given the key that is object of your class. Again hashCode is computed, and bucket is found, now the role of equals() method start comparing whether the object that is in the bucket is the one that you are looking for. If not search fails. If there are more than one object in the map, (that is the case when more than one object's hashCode are same therefore they had been assigned the same bucket), now equals() starts the comparison in sequential order (not known, it may apply any other method also, not of our concern). You think, even if there is no unique distribution of the hashCode to the objects, our search is limited to the given bucket instead of going through all the objects in the Map and applying equals() method to compare two objects. hashCode is there to improve performance. If you don't override the hashCode() method for the class, the objects you are using as key to the Map, the default implementation of the hashCode works. Let's see the scenario: Line #1: Why the second get() method returned null, we see both object emp1 and emp2 are meaningfully equal because they are having same "Amit", then what heck went wrong in retrieval of object from the Map using another same object reference emp2. Reason : That is because Map is using hashCode() version of Object class. You may try this: You will see the hashCodes for both are different. So the search process fails at first round, before our equals() method could work. That is why it is said you override the hashCode also. After you override the hashCode, you should see that emp1.hashCode() and emp2.hashCode() return the same value. It should be like that, I mean equals() and hashCode() contract. Joined: May 29, 2004 it is always a pleasure when people took so much of their time to help the others. thanks Chandra Joined: May 08, 2007 I am now clear with the concept. Thanks a lot for helping me soo much. Hi chandra, I saw your answers it was very good explanation my problem is also something related to this iam creating menu driven program for some keys iam getting there values for some it is null even i tried to write overriding equals and hashcode it did not work have a patience and check this code and please reply me This class does not contain any main method because iam calling from other class.please help me.

<urn:uuid:880d8b6d-8459-47f5-98bd-10c42d0dd201>

CC-MAIN-2015-14

http://www.coderanch.com/t/264188/java-programmer-SCJP/certification/Hashcode

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131299339.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172139-00111-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Tá mé ag léamh roinnt ábhair a bhaineann le Hashcode ach fós nach bhfuil mé ag fáil an smaoineamh bunúsach taobh thiar den modh Hashcode, tá a fhios agam go dtugann sé luach iomlán....ach fós más féidir le duine a mhíniú dom beidh sé i ndáiríre kinda de tú.... 1) Cad é Hashcode? 2) Cad é úsáid HashCode? i ndáiríre is féidir a rá cén fáth a n-úsáideann muid hashcode i ár gclár? Tá a fhios agat cheana féin (go gcaithfidh) go bhfuil a chur i gcomparáid réad amháin le ceann eile is féidir leat a tharchuir an equals ((Object a) modh. Mar sin, le haghaidh an madra d'fhéadfá a shainmhíniú go dogFirst.equals ((dogSecond)) == TRUE Má tá an t-ainm céanna acu agus an t-úinéir céanna, ceart? Anois, is dócha go bhfuil tú a fheidhm cliste (ok .. ok ... tá sé ár fheidhm hash) a ghiniúint uimhir dhifriúil do gach dhá péire uathúil (ainm, úinéir). Sa chás seo ag déanamh dogFirst.hashcode == dogSecond.hashcode Ba cheart go dtabharfadh sé an toradh céanna leis an modh comhionann. Sin an bun-smaoineamh. Tar éis seo d'fhéadfadh rudaí a bheith casta (níl an fheidhm hash chomh furasta a scríobh); ach is é an smaoineamh bunúsach é seo: tá réad an-chasta agat ach má is féidir leat é a hasháil is féidir leat a aithint go uathúil i lár na mílte (an cineál céanna) réad agus is féidir leat innéacs int a chruthú go héasca gan féachaint gach uair taobh istigh dá airíonna. Comhlachú: 8 Bealtaine 2007 Go raibh maith agat go mór as an míniú iontach sin Maurizio Nagni Anois tá mé soiléir leis an cód hash, ach tá amhras agam fós an bhféadfá cabhrú liom? Mar a dúirt tú tá sé a úsáidtear chun comparáid a dhéanamh idir rudaí, ós rud é go bhfuil gach réad a aithint anois le líon iomlán ar leith, i gcás na rásanna wrapper luach equals modh is TRUE bcoz equals modh overriden i rásanna rás....ach cad má tá mé iarracht a chur i gcomparáid idir rudaí de chineál úsáideoir a rá A beidh sé ar ais bréagach ós rud é go bhfuil mé a override an equals modh .. ach cén fáth a deir sé go más mian linn a override equals modh ní mór dúinn a scríobh hashcode modh dó? cad a cheapann mé go bhfuil againn a scríobh hashcode ionas go bhfuil luach iomlán a shannadh le rudaí nach bhfuil sé? ach cad é an úsáid a bhaint as an luach iomlán i modh comhionann mar a thugann sé luach Boolean [dhwani mathur] cén fáth a bhfuil sé ráite go más mian linn a chur thar ceann an modh comhionann ní mór dúinn a scríobh modh hashcode dó? Is é úsáid hashCode an fheidhmíocht a fheabhsú i réad a chur agus a aisghabháil ón mbailiúchán. Tá sé ceart go leor an modh equals ((Object o) a shárú do do rang ionas gur féidir leat dhá réad a chur i gcomparáid cibé acu atá siad comhionann go ciallmhar nó nach bhfuil. Cad a tharlaíonn má úsáideann tú réad de do rang mar eochair do léarscáil. Is próiseas dhá chéim é an t-ábhar a stóráil nó a aisghabháil ón Léarscáil. Samhlaigh úsáid hashCode mar chinneadh a bucket a chur ar an réad isteach. Insíonn do hashCode go. De réir mar a bhíonn dáileadh uathúil hashCode, beidh do phróiseas cuardaigh chomh héifeachtach agus tapa. Sula stóráiltear réad a fhreagraíonn don eochair sa léarscáil, déantar hashCode a ríomh chun an buidéal a aimsiú chun an réad a chur isteach. Lig dúinn labhairt faoi a fháil ar an réad ón bucket ar an eochair a thugtar go bhfuil réad de do rang. Arís hashCode tá ríomh, agus bucket is féidir a fháil, anois an ról de equals ((() modh tús comparáid a dhéanamh cibé an bhfuil an réad atá sa bucket an ceann atá á lorg agat. Mura bhfuil cuardach fail. Má tá níos mó ná rud amháin sa léarscáil, (is é sin an cás nuair a bhíonn hashCode níos mó ná rud amháin mar an gcéanna agus dá bhrí sin cuireadh an buidéal céanna orthu), anois is ionann) tosaíonn an comparáid in ord ordúil (ní fios, d'fhéadfadh sé modh ar bith eile a chur i bhfeidhm freisin, ní bhaineann sé linn). Smaoiníonn tú, fiú mura bhfuil dáileadh uathúil ar an hashCode ar na rudaí, tá ár cuardach teoranta don buidéal ar leith seachas dul trí na rudaí go léir sa Mhap agus modh equals () a chur i bhfeidhm chun dhá rud a chur i gcomparáid. Tá hashCode ann chun feidhmíocht a fheabhsú. Mura ndéanann tú an modh hashCode (() don rang a shárú, na rudaí atá á n-úsáid agat mar eochair don Mhap, oibríonn cur i bhfeidhm réamhshocraithe an hashCode. A ligean ar a fheiceáil ar an scéal: Líne # 1: Cén fáth go bhfuair an dara modh get ((() null, feicimid go bhfuil an dá rud emp1 agus emp2 comhionann go ciallmhar toisc go bhfuil an "Amit" céanna acu, ansin cad a chuaigh mícheart i aisghabháil na n-ábhar ón Léarscáil ag baint úsáide as tagairt eile den réad céanna emp2. Cúis: Tá sé sin toisc go bhfuil Map ag úsáid leagan hashCode (() den aicme Object. Is féidir leat é seo a thriail: Feicfidh tú go bhfuil na cóid hash do gach ceann difriúil. Mar sin, tá an próiseas cuardaigh fail sa chéad bhabhta, roimh ár comhionannas () modh d'fhéadfadh obair. Sin é an fáth a deir sé go bhfuil tú a chur thar an hashCode freisin. Tar éis duit an cód hash a shárú, ba cheart duit a fheiceáil go dtugann emp1.hashCode() agus emp2.hashCode() an luach céanna ar ais. Ba chóir go mbeadh sé mar sin, ciallaíonn mé comhionann agus hashCode conradh. Comhlachú: 29 Bealtaine 2004 Is áthas é i gcónaí nuair a thugann daoine an oiread sin dá gcuid ama chun cabhrú le daoine eile. go raibh maith agat Chandra Comhlachú: 8 Bealtaine 2007 Tá an coincheap soiléir dom anois. Go raibh maith agat go leor le haghaidh cabhrú liom soo much. Hi chandra, chonaic mé do fhreagraí bhí sé an-scéal maith mo fhadhb freisin rud éigin a bhaineann leis seo iam cur clár tiomána roghchlár do roinnt eochair iam ag fáil luachanna ann do roinnt tá sé null fiú rinne mé iarracht a scríobh overriding comhionann agus hashcode ní raibh sé ag obair a bheith foighne agus seiceáil an cód seo agus le do thoil freagra dom nach bhfuil an rang seo aon phríomhmhodh toisc go bhfuil iam ag glaoch ó rang eile. le do thoil cabhair dom.

By Shakil Ahmad | The writer is a retired secretary of the Government of Pakistan. He is a member of the former Civil Service of Pakistan. To a varying degree, corruption exists in almost all countries. However, the degree to which it impacts the common people’s lives and increases poverty is directly proportional to the level of this scourge and how widespread it is in society. A country’s or province’s development depends on how much of the State’s resources are lost to this ugly practice. In developed countries, where corruption is limited to a small number of projects and where common people do not encounter it on a daily basis, the adverse impact tends to be marginal and does not jeopardise the welfare of its people. In contrast, a poor country like Pakistan, where each borrowed dollar must be spent to uplift the people from poverty, it has a significant impact. A recent World Bank report lists corruption and lack of transparency as the two core reasons that hamper Pakistan’s drive for development. However, these indices do not convey the terrible pain and sufferings that the brutal practice of corruption has caused to the common people of Pakistan. Many people in Pakistan believe that much of the development and a significant portion of the operations’ allocations are lost due to bribery and other related illegal and unethical activities. The extreme poverty and lack of infrastructure and basic services in the rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan are in part fuelled by bribery, influence peddling, extortion, and abuse of power. The people and international donors must rise to the occasion and start pressurising Islamabad to curtail corruption and improve governance. Failure to do so in a timely manner will continue to frustrate the poor people and make them weary of the current democratic system and drive them to extremism. It is a widely held view that the practice of bribery in Pakistan is widespread, systematic, and that it is entrenched at all levels of government. A World Bank report containing an assessment of the Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capacity (PICA) states that 15 percent of the country’s development budget for 2007-08 was lost in the procurement process alone due to corruption. This does not include subsequent costs of corruption in the implementation and maintenance stages of projects. Important business publications such as World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report (2007-08) says that corruption is the third greatest problem for companies doing business in Pakistan. The report lists the first two problems as government bureaucracy and poor infrastructure. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) says that the World Bank and the Auditor General of Pakistan have complained about governance problems in recruitment, site selection, absenteeism and bribery. This has resulted in the cancellation or suspension of some of the World Bank’s projects such as the Balochistan Primary Education Project. Also, certain other loans were withheld after irregularities were uncovered. Corruption is bound to flourish in a culture that encourages display of affluence without any regard as to how the wealth has been obtained. Lack of accountability plays a crucial role in the promotion of bribery and resistance to any form of reform. To fully respond to the question as to which sectors are most affected by corruption, both quantitative and qualitative, it is worth bearing in mind that some of the reasons for which particular sectors are highlighted more often than others are due not only to objective merits, but also to the facts that: p There is more research and survey work done in those areas, and; p Public perception and awareness seem to be more vocal as regards those areas. Thus, the exercise of highlighting some of the sectors should be read with the knowledge that corruption in Pakistan seems pervasive across most sectors. With that in mind, it is safe to say that expert sources indicate that the sectors among those most affected by it are the police and law enforcement, judiciary and legal profession, power sector, tax and customs, health and education, and land administration In addition, public procurement seems to be a major concern across most sectors These sectors seem to be affected by chains of: p Petty corruption to access public services or to bypass the law (through the direct interaction of citizens with the respective authorities and bribe-paying). p Middle and grand corruption (in public contracting and procurement as well as direct misappropriation of public funds by senior officials). p Political patronage, conflicts of interest, influence peddling and other forms of corrupt behaviour are commonplace across the sectors. The following are some examples of the damage that is caused by corruption: Defective, dangerous and inadequate infrastructure – poor and incomplete roads, badly constructed college buildings, fewer class rooms in schools that are liable to collapse with the first monsoon rains, railway tracks, hospital facilities, water projects, bridges or housing units. Abysmal education standards result when illiterate persons are recruited as school teachers for political reasons. Many schools all over the country remain without teachers or fewer teachers to effectively educate students. More so, it is futile to talk about technical and engineering schools and the standards they have established. After three years of studies, neither the teacher nor his student knows the use of a drill machine. Corrupt practices contribute to the inadequate number of beds in hospitals, no medicines for patients, as these are paid for but not procured or disposed of after their delivery at the hospital store. And, of course, there is no fuel in vehicles meant for transporting patients to hospitals. Most experts think that corruption is one of the most difficult problems in Pakistan’s society today. Its impact on the country’s towns and villages is extremely profound and poses a long-term threat to its culture, economics, and general well being of the people and the provinces where they reside. The future of Pakistan and alleviation of poverty in rural areas of Pakistan is highly dependent on successful completion of all development projects. This success is threatened by the evil of greasing the palm that must be stopped urgently before it is too late. The religious extremism, deteriorating economic conditions, and worsening living conditions are unnerving the people of rural Sindh and Baluchistan, who until now have refused to fall in the trap of extremism. It is imperative that all stakeholders, including political parties, government officials, civil society organisations, private companies, donor agencies and common people, recognise the carnage that current levels of corruption can do to the heartlands of Pakistan. They must form a grand coalition to stop the menace before it is too late.

<urn:uuid:cf770cfc-55d7-4e51-8e7d-d5bbec9b1ece>

CC-MAIN-2018-22

https://koolblue.wordpress.com/2011/08/19/impact-of-corruption-on-our-society/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865928.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524053902-20180524073902-00414.warc.gz

en

Scríobh Shakil Ahmad. Is rúnaí ar scor de Rialtas na Pacastáine an scríbhneoir. Is ball é de shean-Seirbhís Sibhialta na Pacastáine. I méid éagsúil, tá éilliú i mbeagnach gach tír. Mar sin féin, tá an méid a mbíonn tionchar aige ar shaol na ndaoine coitianta agus a mhéadaíonn bochtaineacht díreach comhréireach le leibhéal an phláigh seo agus cé chomh forleathan is atá sé sa tsochaí. Braitheann forbairt tíre nó réigiúin ar an méid acmhainní stáit a chailltear leis an gcleachtas seo. I dtíortha forbartha, áit a bhfuil an éilliú teoranta do líon beag tionscadal agus nach mbíonn daoine coitianta ag teacht i dteagmháil leis go laethúil, is gnách go mbíonn an tionchar díobhálach imeallach agus ní chuireann sé leas a ndaoine i mbaol. Ar a mhalairt, tá tionchar suntasach ag tír bhocht mar an Phacastáin, áit a gcaithfear gach dollar iasachta a chaitheamh chun an pobal a ardú as an mbochtaineacht. Liostaíonn tuarascáil Bhanc Domhanda le déanaí éilliú agus easpa trédhearcachta mar an dá phríomhchúis a chuireann bac ar thaithí na Pacastáine ar fhorbairt. Mar sin féin, ní léiríonn na hiníon seo an pian agus an fhulaingt uafásach a rinne cleachtas an éilliú crua do phobal coitianta na Pacastáine. Creideann go leor daoine sa Phacastáin go gcailltear cuid mhór den fhorbairt agus cuid shuntasach de leithdháiltí na n-oibríochtaí mar gheall ar bhribhiú agus gníomhaíochtaí mídhleathacha agus neamh-eiticiúla eile a bhaineann leis. Tá an bochtaineacht mhór agus an easpa bonneagair agus seirbhísí bunúsacha i gceantair thuaithe Sindh agus Balochistan ag éirí go páirteach le breabadh, trádáil tionchar, extortion, agus mí-úsáid cumhachta. Ní mór do dhaoine agus do thabhartóirí idirnáisiúnta seasamh suas leis an ócáid agus brú a chur ar Islamabad chun cur isteach ar éilliú agus feabhas a chur ar rialachas. Má mhainnítear é sin a dhéanamh in am trátha, leanfaidh sé ag cur frustrachas ar na daoine bochta agus ag cur leo an córas daonlathach reatha agus ag cur leo chun na foirceannta. Is tuairim forleathan é go bhfuil an cleachtas bribeála sa Phacastáin forleathan, córais, agus go bhfuil sé ag gach leibhéal rialtais. Deir tuarascáil ón mBanc Domhanda ina bhfuil measúnú ar chumas bonneagair na Pacastáine (PICA) go ndearnadh 15 faoin gcéad de bhuiséad forbartha na tíre don 2007-08 a chailleadh sa phróiseas soláthair amháin mar gheall ar éilliú. Ní áirítear leis seo costais ina dhiaidh sin de thréimhse éilliú i gcéimeanna cur chun feidhme agus cothabhála tionscadal. Deir foilseacháin thábhachtacha gnó mar Thuarascáil Iomaíochas Domhanda Fóram Eacnamaíoch an Domhain (2007-08) gurb é an éilliú an tríú fadhb is mó do chuideachtaí a dhéanann gnó sa Phacastáin. Liostaíonn an tuarascáil an chéad dá fhadhb mar bhureaucraíocht rialtais agus drochbhonneagar. Deir an Eagraíocht um Chomhar agus Forbairt Eacnamaíoch (OECD) go bhfuil gearán déanta ag an mBanc Domhanda agus ag Ard-Reachtaire na Pacastáine faoi fhadhbanna rialachais i ngnóthú, roghnú láithreáin, easnamh agus bribeáil. Mar thoradh air sin, cuireadh ar ceal nó ar fionraí cuid de thionscadail an Bhainc Domhanda, mar shampla Tionscadal Bunscoile na Balochistáine. Chomh maith leis sin, d'fhágtar iasachtaí áirithe eile tar éis neamhrialtachtaí a nochtadh. Tá sé cinnte go mbeidh an éilliú ag fás i gcultúr a spreagann taispeáint saibhreas gan aon aird a thabhairt ar an gcaoi ar tháinig an saibhreas ar fáil. Tá ról ríthábhachtach ag easpa cuntasachta i gcur chun cinn an chomaoin agus i gcoinne aon chineál athchóirithe. Chun freagra iomlán a thabhairt ar an gceist maidir leis na hearnálacha is mó a bhfuil tionchar ag an éilliú orthu, go cainníochtúil agus go cáilíochtúil araon, is fiú cuimhneamh go bhfuil cuid de na cúiseanna a bhfuil earnálacha áirithe á gcur chun cinn níos minice ná a chéile mar gheall ní amháin ar mhaitheas oibiachtúla, ach freisin ar na fíricí a leanas: p Tá níos mó taighde agus suirbhéireachta déanta sna réimsí sin, agus; Is cosúil go bhfuil an pobal níos glactha agus níos feasaí maidir leis na réimsí sin. Dá bhrí sin, ba cheart an cleachtadh a bhaineann le roinnt de na hearnálacha a chur i láthair a léamh leis an eolas go bhfuil an éilliú sa Phacastáin ag dul i bhfeidhm ar fud an chuid is mó de na hearnálacha. Agus é sin san áireamh, is féidir a rá go bhfuil foinsí saineolaithe ag léiriú gurb iad na hearnálacha is mó a bhfuil tionchar aige orthu ná na póilíní agus forfheidhmiú an dlí, an breithiúnachas agus an ghairm dlí, earnáil an chumhachta, cánach agus custaim, sláinte agus oideachas, agus riarachán talún Ina theannta sin, is cosúil gur cúis mhór imní é soláthar poiblí i bhformhór na n-earnálacha Is cosúil go bhfuil tionchar ag slabhraí ar na hearnálacha seo: Tá an t-údarás freagrach as an ngortú a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a bhfuil an t-ádh orthu a bheith ina n-oibrithe poiblí. p Corruption Meán agus mór (i gconradh poiblí agus soláthar poiblí chomh maith le mí-úsáid dhíreach cistí poiblí ag oifigigh ard). Tá cosaint pholaitiúil, coinbhleachtaí leasa, trádáil tionchar agus cineálacha eile iompair éillitheach coitianta ar fud na hearnálacha. Seo a leanas roinnt samplaí den damáiste a dhéanann an éilliú: bonneagar easpórtúil, contúirteach agus neamhleor bóithre bochta agus neamhiomlán, foirgnimh choláiste droch-thogtha, níos lú seomraí ranga i scoileanna a d'fhéadfadh titim leis na chéad báistí monsoon, rianta iarnróid, áiseanna ospidéil, tionscadail uisce, drochaid nó aonaid tithíochta. Tá caighdeáin oideachais abyssimal mar thoradh ar dhaoine gan léitheoireacht a earcú mar mhúinteoirí scoile ar chúiseanna polaitiúla. Tá go leor scoileanna ar fud na tíre gan múinteoirí nó níos lú múinteoirí chun oideachas éifeachtach a thabhairt do mhic léinn. Níos mó ná sin, tá sé amaideach labhairt faoi scoileanna teicniúla agus innealtóireachta agus na caighdeáin a bhunaigh siad. Tar éis trí bliana de staidéar, níl a fhios ag an múinteoir ná ag a dhalta conas drill a úsáid. Tá cleachtais éagóracha ag cur le líon neamhleor na gcodanna in ospidéil, gan aon leigheasanna do othair, toisc go n-íoctar iad seo ach nach ndéantar iad a fháil nó a dhiúscairt tar éis a seachadadh sa siopa ospidéil. Agus, ar ndóigh, níl aon bhreosla i bhfeithiclí atá ceaptha chun othair a iompar chuig ospidéil. Creideann formhór na saineolaithe gurb é an éilliú ceann de na fadhbanna is deacra i sochaí na Pacastáine inniu. Tá a thionchar ar bhailte agus ar sráidbhailte na tíre an-doimhne agus tá bagairt fadtéarmach ann do chultúr, do gheilleagar agus do leas ginearálta na ndaoine agus na gcathair ina bhfuil cónaí orthu. Tá todhchaí na Pacastáine agus faoiseamh na bochtaineachta i gceantair thuaithe na Pacastáine ag brath go mór ar chur i gcrích rathúil na dtionscadal forbartha go léir. Tá an rath seo faoi bhagairt ag an olc a bhaineann le greasing an láimhe a chaithfear a stopadh go práinneach sula mbeidh sé ró-dhéanach. Tá an iomarcaíocht reiligiúnach, na coinníollacha eacnamaíocha atá ag dul in olcas, agus na coinníollacha maireachtála atá ag dul in olcas ag cur imní ar mhuintir na tuaithe Sindh agus Baluchistan, a dhiúltaigh go dtí seo titim i gcorp na iomarcaíochta. Tá sé riachtanach go dtuigeann gach páirtí leasmhara, lena n-áirítear páirtithe polaitiúla, oifigigh rialtais, eagraíochtaí na sochaí sibhialta, cuideachtaí príobháideacha, gníomhaireachtaí deontóirí agus daoine coitianta, an carnage is féidir leis na leibhéil reatha éilliú a dhéanamh ar chroílár na Pacastáine. Ní mór dóibh comhghuaillíocht mhór a chruthú chun an bagairt a stopadh sula mbeidh sé ró-dhéanach.

This storyboard does not have a description. He came to America using his regional sign language, Kent sign language. This later became Martha's Vineyard sign language. He came to Martha's Vineyard off the state of Massachusetts. In the 1600's a man named Jonathan Lambert came to America Family married family. The gene spread to 1 in every 25 people being deaf.• A majority of people on the island of Martha's Vineyard knew sign language. MVSL became a life skill needed tosurvive. Jonathan married a hearing woman named Elizabeth Eddy 2 of his children were born deaf - Over in England, Thomas Braidwood decided to educate the deaf by creating The Braidwood Academy of the Deaf and Dumb in 1760. This was a private school. Back in America in 1807, a girl named Alice Cogswell becomes very ill with spotted fever at the age of 2. This causes her to become deaf. Alice's father, Mason Cogswell, is concerned about how his daughter will be properly educated. He reads a book by abbe Sicard about educating deaf children. He could pay a tutor to educate her, but his neighbor, Thomas Gallaudet, is extremely interested in educating all Deaf Americans by creating a school. The Cogswell Family's neighbor, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, plays an important role in the plan to create education for Alice, and all other Deaf, in America. While Gallaudet travels, Alice is placed at a girls' school. Thomas Gallaudet meets one of the Deaf teachers at the National Institute of the Deaf in Paris, France, Laurent Clerc.Laurent Clerc is Deaf and wants to leave his job at the school. He quickly volunteers to join Gallaudet on his ship back to theUnited States to help him create the first school for the deaf in America American School for the Deaf established in 1817 in Hartford, Connecticut with Thomas Gallaudet as principal and LaurentClerc as head teacher. Explore Our Articles and Examples Try Our Other Websites! Photos for Class – Search for School-Safe, Creative Commons Photos (It Even Cites for You! – Easily Make and Share Great-Looking Rubrics – Create Custom Nursery Art

<urn:uuid:e66c4336-164d-47aa-81c0-c0aac49f57e6>

CC-MAIN-2018-22

http://www.storyboardthat.com/storyboards/boat4/the-history-of-asl

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794868239.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527091644-20180527111644-00637.warc.gz

en

Níl cur síos ar an bpictiúrlann seo. Tháinig sé go Meiriceá ag úsáid a theanga comhartha réigiúnach, Teanga comhartha Kent. Ba é seo a tháinig ina dhiaidh sin ar theanga comharthaí Martha's Vineyard. Tháinig sé go dtí Martha's Vineyard as an stát Massachusetts. Sa 1600í tháinig fear darb ainm Jonathan Lambert go Meiriceá Teaghlach teaghlach pósta. Tá an géin scaipthe chuig 1 as gach 25 duine a bhí tinn go cliste.• Bhí a fhios ag formhór na ndaoine ar oileán Martha's Vineyard teanga comharthaí. Bhí MVSL ina scileanna saoil a bhí riachtanach chun maireachtáil. Phós Jonathan bean éisteachta darb ainm Elizabeth Eddy 2 dá leanaí a rugadh bodhar - Thar in Sasana, Thomas Braidwood chinn chun oideachas a thabhairt do na bodhar trí The Braidwood Acadamh na bodhar agus an bodhar i 1760. Bhí sé seo ar scoil phríobháideach. Ar ais i Meiriceá i 1807, bíonn cailín darb ainm Alice Cogswell an-bheo le fiabhras spotted ag aois 2. Mar gheall air seo, bíonn sí ag dul i mbun cloiste. Tá imní ar athair Alice, Mason Cogswell, faoi conas a bheidh oideachas cuí ag a iníon. Léann sé leabhar ag an abbé Sicard faoi leanaí bodhra a oideachas. D'fhéadfadh sé múinteoir a íoc chun í a oideachasú, ach tá suim mhór ag a chomharsa, Thomas Gallaudet, oideachas a thabhairt do na Meiriceánaigh Dhaoine Dhaoine Dhaoine go léir trí scoil a chruthú. Tá ról tábhachtach ag Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, comharsa an Teaghlaigh Cogswell, sa phlean oideachas a chruthú do Alice, agus do na daoine Tuatha eile, i Meiriceá. Cé go bhfuil Gallaudet ag taisteal, cuirtear Alice ar scoil do chailíní. Thomas Gallaudet bualadh le ceann de na múinteoirí Bochta ag an Institiúid Náisiúnta na mBróga i bPáras, an Fhrainc, Laurent Clerc. Go tapa, d'iarr sé ar Gallaudet a bheith leis ar a long ar ais go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe chun cabhrú leis an gcéad scoil do dhaoine bodhra a chruthú i Meiriceá. Bunaíodh Scoil Mheiriceá do Dhaoine Bodhra i 1817 i Hartford, Connecticut le Thomas Gallaudet mar phríomhoide agus LaurentClerc mar phríomhoide. Scrúdaigh Ár n-Ard-Airteagal agus Ár n-Iompar Déan triail as ár Suímh Eolais Eile! Grianghraif don Chlas Cuardaigh Grianghraif Creative Commons Slándála Scoile (Tá sé fiú ag lua le haghaidh tú! Rudaí Áille a Dhéanamh agus a Roinnt go Háfach Ealaín Óige Custaim a Chruthú

14 Jul If Turner had a camera Source: About Photography - Tom Grill The English painter, William Turner, was known for the intensely colorful way he painted his sunsets and sunrises, as in the painting below. Whenever I encounter an extremely colorful sunset or sunrise, I always think of him. This time I was photographing the sky in normal daylight when I encountered what I term a “Turner effect”. I was out photographing the sun peaking through a heavy sky full of cumulus clouds. I was using a Nikon Z6 with the latest 24-200 mm f/4-6.3 zoom lens because it could cover such a broad focal length that allowed me to form the scene into multiple compositions by going from extremely wide to telephoto. As I began photographing directly into the sun, which was shining brightly from behind a thin area of the clouds, I noticed that the edges of the image took on a kaleidoscope of colors. The color effect only lasted for a short time, just long enough for me to grab a few images. I was using a shutter speed of 1/8000 and an aperture that varied from f/11 to f/22 to capture the two images below. While the colors were there in the original, RAW file, I did enhance them somewhat and also adjusted the exposure in post by lightening up the shadows and bringing down the highlights. For shots, like these, where I want the colors to really pop, I convert the image to the LAB color profile in Photoshop and If Turner had a camera posted on About Photography - Tom Grill on . Read the full article on About Photography - Tom GrillHome

<urn:uuid:2f094fbf-b404-450c-987c-59cf97ce11ca>

CC-MAIN-2021-10

http://fujixnews.com/if-turner-had-a-camera/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178375439.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210308112849-20210308142849-00249.warc.gz

en

14 Jul Dá mbeadh ceamara ag Turner Foinse: Maidir le Grianghrafadóireacht - Tom Grill Bhí an péintéir Sasanach, William Turner, ar eolas mar gheall ar an mbealach an-daite a phéinteáil sé a chuid sunsets agus sunrises, mar atá sa phictiúr thíos. Aon uair a bhíonn mé ag teacht ar an grianlaithe nó an ghrian-eascadh an-daite, sílim i gcónaí air. An uair seo bhí mé ag grianghrafadh na spéire i ngnáth-solas lá nuair a tháinig mé ar an rud a ghlaonn mé ar "éifeacht Turner". Bhí mé amach grianghrafadóireacht an ghrian ag bualadh trí spéir throm lán de cumulus scamaill. Bhí mé ag úsáid Nikon Z6 leis an lionsa súim 24-200 mm f/4-6.3 is déanaí toisc go bhféadfadh sé a chlúdach fad fócasach chomh leathan gur lig sé dom an radharc a fhoirmiú i gcomhdhéanamh il trí dul ó an-leathan go dtí an tithe. Agus mé ag tosú ag grianghrafadóireacht go díreach isteach sa ghrian, a bhí ag geal go geal ó chúl limistéar tanaí de na scamaill, thug mé faoi deara go raibh dath kaleidoscopic ag imeall an íomhá. Níor mhair éifeacht an dhath ach tamall gearr, ach fada go leor dom cúpla pictiúr a phiocadh. Bhí mé ag úsáid luas shutter de 1/8000 agus oscailt a bhí éagsúil ó f / 11 go f / 22 chun na dhá íomhá thíos a ghabháil. Cé go raibh na dathanna ann sa bhunachar, comhad RAW, rinne mé iad a fheabhsú beagán agus an nochtadh a choigeartú i bpost trí na scáthanna a éascú agus na hionchais a laghdú. Le haghaidh lámhaigh, mar seo, áit ar mian liom na dathanna a pop i ndáiríre, mé a thiontú an íomhá go dtí an próifíl dath LAB i Photoshop agus Má bhí ceamara curtha ag Turner ar About Photography - Tom Grill ar . Léigh an t-alt iomlán ar About Photography - Tom GrillHome

Feast of the Annunciation The Feast of the Annunciation Today, when we celebrate the Feast of the Annunciation, we not only celebrate the angel Gabriel appearing to Mary, but also the great mystery of the Incarnation, taking place at the moment Mary declares, in obedience to the Lord, “be it done.” The dialogue we observe between Mary and the angel (found in Luke, chapter 1) is rather concise; the angel’s greeting to Mary, the announcement of God’s plan, and Mary’s humble acceptance to be the Lord’s handmaid. But in this short narration- just a few handfuls of sentences- a great deal of information and meaning is conveyed. First there is the greeting God’s messenger uses to address Mary; “Hail, O favored one, the Lord is with you!” (Lk 1:28), indicating that even at this point, Mary is already filled with God’s grace. Mary’s reaction here, first unassuming silence, and then humbly asking how God’s intentions for her will be carried out, is fitting of one who was, as we know, conceived free from original sin. We see Mary react to the angel Gabriel with humility and obedience, even fear- a sharp contrast to the actions of Eve in the garden. St. Irenaeus, considered to be the first great Catholic theologian, elaborates on the contrast between Eve and the Blessed Virgin in book 5 of Against Heresies: “For as Eve was seduced by the word of an angel to flee from God, having rebelled against his Word, so Mary by the word of an angel received the glad tidings that she would bear God by obeying his Word (Luke 1:38). The former was seduced to disobey God [and so fell], but the latter was persuaded to obey God, so that the Virgin Mary might become the advocate of the virgin Eve. As the human race was subjected to death through [the act of] a virgin, so was it saved by a virgin, and thus the disobedience of one virgin was precisely balanced by the obedience of another.” And when Mary readily submits to God’s will, she does it in a most humble way, as apologist Dr. Scott Hahn describes in his book Hail, Holy Queen: “A True Mother, Mary considers none of her glories her own. After all, she points out, she is only doing God’s bidding: “Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord; it be to me according to your word” (Lk 1:38). Even when she recognizes her superior gifts, she recognizes that they are gifts: “All generations will call me blessed” (Lk 1:48). For her part, Mary’s own soul “magnifies” not herself, but “the Lord” (Lk 1:46).” Stepping back from Mary’s role, which was chosen by God from the very beginning, we can also take a moment to contemplate why the annunciation took place as it did. God is not bound to our expectations, and the virginal conception had been foretold, so why was it necessary for God’s messenger to announce God’s plan to Mary? St. Thomas Aquinas explains the logic of announcing to the Virgin Mary what was to be done to her in his magnum opus, the Summa Theologica: “It was reasonable that it should be announced to the Blessed Virgin that she was to conceive Christ. First, in order to maintain a becoming order in the union of the Son of God with the Virgin-namely, that she should be informed in mind concerning Him, before conceiving Him in the flesh. Thus Augustine says (De Sancta Virgin. iii): “Mary is more blessed in receiving the faith of Christ, than in conceiving the flesh of Christ”; and further on he adds: “Her nearness as a Mother would have been of no profit to Mary, had she not borne Christ in her heart after a more blessed manner than in her flesh.” Secondly, that she might be a more certain witness of this mystery, being instructed therein by God. Thirdly, that she might offer to God the free gift of her obedience: which she proved herself right ready to do, saying: “Behold the handmaid of the Lord.” Fourthly, in order to show that there is a certain spiritual wedlock between the Son of God and human nature. Wherefore in the Annunciation the Virgin’s consent was besought in lieu of that of the entire human nature.” To understand, more fully, Mary’s role in the Redemption of the human race, we recommend Adrienne Von Speyr’s Mary in the Redemption. Rejoice O Virgin, Birthgiver of God, Mary full of grace, the Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb. For you have born the Savior of our souls. Amen.

<urn:uuid:42629e45-1376-44a6-b90d-57221c15e973>

CC-MAIN-2015-14

http://www.aquinasandmore.com/catholic-articles/feast-of-the-annunciation/article/102/sort/relevance/productsperpage/12/layout/grid/currentpage/1/keywords/annunciation

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131297505.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172137-00232-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Féile an Fhoilseacháin Féile an Annunciation Sa lá atá inniu ann, nuair a cheiliúrann muid Féile an Fhóisithe, ní hamháin go cheiliúrann muid an t-aingeal Gabriel ag teacht chuig Muire, ach freisin an rúndacht mhór an Incarnations, a tharlaíonn ag an nóiméad a dhearbhaíonn Muire, i gcumhacht an Tiarna, "déantar é". Is é an t-idirphlé a breathnaímid idir Muire agus an t-aingeal (a fhaightear i Luc, caibidil 1) go leor concise; an t-aingeal ag fáilte a chur ar Muire, fógra plean Dé, agus glacadh íogair Muire a bheith ina sheirbhíseach an Tiarna. Ach sa scéal gearr seo - ach cúpla brabhsálaí - cuirtear go leor faisnéise agus brí ar fáil. Ar dtús tá an beannacht a úsáideann teachtaire Dé chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar Mhuire; "Bíodh sé go maith leat, a dhuine fabhrach, tá an Tiarna leat!" (Lk 1:28), ag léiriú go bhfuil Muire lán de ghrásta Dé fiú ag an bpointe seo. Tá freagairt Muire anseo, ar dtús ag fanacht ciúin gan a bheith ag súil, agus ansin ag iarraidh go h-úmhal conas a dhéanfar intinn Dé léi, oiriúnach do dhuine a bhí, mar a fhios againn, ceaptha saor ó pheaca bunaidh. Feicimid Máire ag freagairt don aingeal Gabriel le h-umhlacht agus le dtoil, fiú eagla - i gcodarsnacht géar le gníomhartha Eve sa ghairdín. Iarrann Naomh Irenaeus, a mheastar a bheith ar an gcéad theolaí mór Caitliceach, an difríocht idir Eve agus an Mhaighdean Beannaithe i leabhar 5 de Against Heresies: Óir mar a mheall Eva le focal aingeal chun teitheadh ó Dhia, tar éis éirí as a Bhriathar, mar sin fuair Máire trí bhriathar aingeal na dea-scéalta go dtabharfadh sí Dia trí a Bhriathar a chomhlíonadh (Lúcas 1:38). An chéad bhí seduced chun neamhordú Dé [agus mar sin thit], ach an dara a bhí persuaded chun é a chomhlíonadh Dé, ionas go bhféadfadh an Virgin Mary a bheith ar an advocate an maighdean Eve. Mar a bhí an cine daonna faoi réir bás trí [gníomh] maighdean, mar sin bhí sé a shábháil ag maighdean, agus dá bhrí sin an neamhchomhlíonadh de maighdean amháin bhí cothrom go beacht ag an obedience eile. Agus nuair a chuireann Muire a síneadh go réidh le toil Dé, déanann sí é ar an mbealach is íseal, mar a thuairiscíonn an t-aipolóide Dr. Scott Hahn ina leabhar Hail, Holy Queen: MATH fíor, Ní mheasann Muire aon cheann dá ghlóir féin. Tar éis an tsaoil, léiríonn sí, níl sí ach ag déanamh ordú Dé: "Féach, is seirbhíseach an Tiarna mé; déantar dom de réir do bhriathar" (Lc 1:38). Fiú nuair a aithníonn sí a bronntanais níos fearr, aithníonn sí gur bronntanais iad: "Caithfear gach glúin a ghlaoch beannaithe orm" (Lk 1:48). Óna thaobh féin, ní "an Tiarna" a mhéadaíonn anam Máire féin, ach "an Tiarna" (Lc 1:46). Ag dul siar ó ról Muire, a roghnaigh Dia ón tús, is féidir linn nóiméad a ghlacadh freisin chun machnamh a dhéanamh ar an gcúis a tharla an fhógra mar a tharla sé. Ní bhíonn Dia ceangailte lenár n-ionchais, agus bhí an coincheap maighdeana réamh-mheasta, mar sin cén fáth go raibh sé riachtanach do theachtaire Dé plean Dé a fhógairt do Mháire? Míníonn Naomh Thomas Aquinas an loighic a bhaineann le fógra a thabhairt don Mhaighdean Mhuire cad a bhí le déanamh léi ina chuid opus magnum, an Summa Theologica: Bhí sé réasúnta go ndéanfaí a fhógairt don Mhaighdean Beannaithe go raibh sí chun Críost a ghiniúint. Ar dtús, d'fhonn ord cuí a choinneáil i gcomhcheangal Mac Dé leis an Maighdean - is é sin, gur chóir go mbeadh eolas aici i gcuimhne faoi, sula gcuirtear i ngníomh é sa fheoil. Mar sin deir Augustine (De Sancta Virgin. (iii): Is mó beannacht a bhí ag Muire i gcreideamh Chríost a fháil, ná i gcroílár fheoil Chríost; agus ina dhiaidh sin, deir sé: Ní bheadh a garmhaireacht mar Mháthair ina leas ar bith do Mhárya, mura mbeadh Críost ina croí aici ar bhealach níos beannaithe ná ina fheoil. Ar an dara dul síos, go bhféadfadh sí a bheith ina finné níos cinnte an rúndacht seo, a bheith á theagasc ann ag Dia. Ar an tríú dul síos, go bhféadfadh sí a thabhairt do Dhia an bronntanas saor in aisce a n-éagmais: a chruthaigh sí féin ceart réidh a dhéanamh, ag rá: Behold an seirbhíseach an Tiarna. Ar an gceathrú dul síos, chun a thaispeáint go bhfuil pósta spioradálta áirithe idir Mac Dé agus nádúr an duine. Dá bhrí sin, sa fhógraíodh a cheadú an Virgin a bhí impigh in ionad an nádúr daonna ar fad. Chun tuiscint níos iomláine a fháil ar ról Muire i dTosú an chine daonna, molaimid Máire Adrienne Von Speyr sa Tosú. Rejoice O Virgin, Birthgiver Dé, Mary lán grásta, tá an Tiarna leat. Is beannaithe thú i measc na mban agus beannaithe is toradh do bhroinn. I gcás go bhfuil tú rugadh an Slánaitheoir ár n-anam. Amen. Go raibh maith agat.

At Morpeth, we have a three-year (Years 9, 10 and 11) KS4 curriculum which is made up of two parts: - Core subjects which all pupils study - Optional subjects which pupils choose each year. All pupils study English, Maths, Science, Religious Studies (RS) and Physical Education (PE) throughout KS4. All pupils take GCSEs in English, English Literature, Maths and RS. In Science, pupils will either be entered for Double GCSE or BTEC (summer 2015 only) or separate sciences: Biology, Chemistry, Physics. Pupils choose two courses of study each year and spend the equivalent of one day a week on each course (Option 1 = Tuesday morning, Thursday afternoon; Option 2 = Tuesday afternoon, Thursday morning). Pupils make their choices in the Spring Term of Years 8, 9 and 10 for the following years. All courses are of one year’s length and if they are GCSE courses, the exam is taken in the summer of that year. Within their optional courses, pupils may be taught in vertical groups which means that there will be pupils of different year groups within each class i.e. Years 9, 10 and 11 in the same class. Most of the courses on offer to pupils are GCSE courses however we also have a range of non-exam courses, ‘Pathways’. In our experience a balance in option subjects (whether ‘Pathways’ or ‘GCSE/BTEC’) is very important.The following courses are being studied by pupils in KS4 this year: - Art Foundation Course - Digital Media - Drama Foundation Course - Rock School - Design Technology * These courses offer the opportunity to study two subjects within one option block throughout the year. That means that pupils will have three sessions a fortnight of one of the subjects, and three sessions a fortnight of the other subject. For ‘Humanities & Modern Foreign Languages’ pupils are able to choose whether the language is French, Spanish or Bengali. - Business Studies - Computer Science - Design Technology - Film Studies - Food Preparation and Nutrition - Media Studies - Music Technology - Physical Education - Triple Science Other accredited courses - Music Technology (NCFE) - ICT (BTEC)

<urn:uuid:5c0715a9-12d4-4780-9a26-6392418c9145>

CC-MAIN-2018-22

http://www.morpethschool.org.uk/217/ks4-curriculum

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867277.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526014543-20180526034543-00345.warc.gz

en

Ag Morpeth, tá cúrsa KS4 trí bliana (Bliana 9, 10 agus 11) againn atá comhdhéanta de dhá chuid: - Bunchúrsaí a dhéanann gach dalta staidéar orthu - Rannpháirtithe roghnacha a roghnaíonn daltaí gach bliain. Bíonn gach dalta ag foghlaim Béarla, Matamaitice, Eolaíocht, Staidéar Reiligiúnach (RS) agus Oideachas Fisice (PE) i rith KS4. Glacann na daltaí go léir GCSEs i mBéarla, i Litríocht Béarla, i Matamaitic agus i RS. I nEolaíocht, cuirfear daltaí isteach le haghaidh GCSE dúbailte nó BTEC (samhradh 2015 amháin) nó eolaíochtaí ar leithligh: Bithíocht, Ceimic, Físe. Roghnaíonn daltaí dhá chúrsa staidéir gach bliain agus caitheann siad comhionannas lá amháin sa tseachtain ar gach cúrsa (Roghnach 1 = maidin Dé Máirt, tráthnóna Déardaoin; Roghnach 2 = tráthnóna Dé Máirt, maidin Dé Máirt). Déantar na roghanna a dhéanamh ag na daltaí i Séimeas Earraigh na mblianta 8, 9 agus 10 do na blianta ina dhiaidh sin. Tá na cúrsaí ar fad ar feadh bliana agus má tá siad cúrsaí GCSE, déantar an scrúdú i samhradh na bliana sin. I measc na gcúrsaí roghnacha, d'fhéadfadh daltaí a bheith ag múineadh i ngrúpaí ingearacha, rud a chiallaíonn go mbeidh daltaí de ghrúpaí bliana éagsúla laistigh de gach rang, i.e. Bliain 9, 10 agus 11 sa rang céanna. Is cúrsaí GCSE iad an chuid is mó de na cúrsaí a thairgtear do dhaltaí, ach tá raon cúrsaí neamh-scrúdaithe againn freisin, 'Pathways'. Tá sé an-tábhachtach, de réir ár dtaithí, cothromaíocht a bheith ann i gcúrsaí rogha (cibé acu 'Pathways' nó 'GCSE/BTEC') agus tá na cúrsaí seo a leanas á staidéar ag daltaí i KS4 i mbliana: - Cúrsa Bunúsach Ealaíne - Meáin Digiteacha - Cúrsa Bunúsach Drámaíochta - Scoil Charraig - Teicneolaíocht Dearadh * Cuireann na cúrsaí seo deis ar fáil dhá ábhar a staidéar laistigh de bhloc rogha amháin i rith na bliana. Ciallaíonn sé sin go mbeidh trí sheisiún ag daltaí gach dhá sheachtain ar cheann de na hábhair, agus trí sheisiún gach dhá sheachtain ar an ábhar eile. I gcás Daonnacht agus Teangacha Eachtracha Nua-aimseartha is féidir le daltaí a roghnú an Fraincis, an Spáinnis nó an Bhangla a bheidh mar theanga. - Staidéar Gnó - Eolaíocht Ríomhaireachta - Teicneolaíocht Dearadh - Staidéar ar Scannán - Ullmhú Bia agus cothú - Staidéar sna Meáin - Teicneolaíocht Ceoil - Oideachas Fisiceach - Eolaíocht Triple Cúrsaí creidiúnaithe eile - Teicneolaíocht Ceoil (NCFE) - TFC (BTEC)

Have you ever wondered why it’s recommended that you bring your child to the dentist every six months? While it might seem excessive to some, there are many reasons why this is important. Here’s just a few! 1. To Catch Tooth Decay Early. It’s important for a dentist to check your child’s teeth on a regular basis so decay and other issues can be caught early. If a tooth with a cavity is left untreated, that cavity will only grow over time as will the treatment necessary to fix it. Eventually, problem teeth will likely cause your child pain and can result in unrepairable damage to the mouth. Additionally, even primary (baby) teeth that develop cavities can affect the follow-on permanent teeth. It is better to catch them early so the filling can be small and more natural tooth structure can be maintained. If the start of decay is detected early enough, a filling may not even be necessary at all. In this case, your dentist will “flag” the teeth necessary to watch them more closely and instructions on how to stabilize that area will be given. In general, this includes flossing daily and limiting sugar to prevent the decay from progressing. A fluoride mouth wash and/or having fluoride varnish applied more frequently may also be recommended. 2. To Track the Progress and Development of the Teeth – is another important reason to make it into the dentist regularly. At recall appointments, your dentist will monitor the eruption and development of your child’s teeth radiographically and clinically. If your child’s mouth is not naturally losing teeth properly or creating the necessary space for new teeth, your dentist will assist in that process. Also, If necessary, your child may be referred to an orthodontist for further evaluation and assistance to work on that perfect smile. 3. To Get those Teeth Cleaned Professionally. It is also important to bring your child to the dentist regularly so their teeth can be professionally cleaned and fluoride varnish can be applied. Many children and adults develop calculus (hardened plaque) over time that will not come off without professional instruments. If calculus if left on the teeth, chronic gingivitis (infection of the gums) will occur. Making regular recalls is a simple way to ensure those pearly whites stay strong and healthy. 4. To Receive Personalized Advice and Hands-On Education about your Dental Needs. Everyone’s different, and so are your teeth! Every child has a natural tendency to develop different habits over time whether its thumb-sucking, teeth-grinding, brushing too hard, soft, short, long, etc. Receiving regular dental hygiene instruction and education based on your child’s age and specific dental needs is a vital step to ensuring the best care possible. As we’ve mentioned before, by coming early and often you can ensure the best care for your child’s teeth from the start. In establishing a regular relationship with your dental home, it is even possible for your child to actually be excited for each trip to see the dentist! And of course, that is our hope and desire for you!

<urn:uuid:53a99359-6a10-46dd-a68e-81eec3aecf72>

CC-MAIN-2021-10

https://lincolnchildrensdentistry.com/blog/your-childs-regular-dental-check-ups/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178359497.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20210227204637-20210227234637-00180.warc.gz

en

An ndearna tú smaoineamh riamh ar an fáth a mholtar duit do leanbh a thabhairt chuig an fiaclóir gach sé mhí? Cé go bhféadfadh sé a bheith iomarcach do roinnt daoine, tá go leor cúiseanna ann go bhfuil sé seo tábhachtach. Níl ach cúpla ceann anseo! 1. an t-am a bhí ann. Chun Cailleacht Fhiacla a Thógadh Go Luath. Tá sé tábhachtach go ndéanfaidh fiaclóir fiacla do pháiste a sheiceáil go rialta ionas gur féidir le cailliúint agus saincheisteanna eile a fháil go luath. Má fhágtar fiacla le cavitis gan chóireáil, ní fhásfaidh an cavitis sin ach le himeacht ama agus an chóireáil is gá chun é a shocrú. Faoi dheireadh, is dócha go gcuirfidh fiacla fadhbanna pian ar do leanbh agus go bhféadfadh damáiste dochreidte a bheith ann don bhéal. Ina theannta sin, d'fhéadfadh fiú na céadfhiacla (baby) a thagann le cavities difear a dhéanamh ar na fiacla buan a leanann orthu. Is fearr iad a ghabháil go luath ionas go mbeidh an fillteán beag agus go bhféadfar struchtúr fiacla níos nádúrtha a chothabháil. Má aimsítear tús an mhilleadh go luath go leor, b'fhéidir nach mbeidh gá le líonadh ar chor ar bith. Sa chás seo, beidh do dhochtúir fiacla a flag na fiacla is gá chun breathnú orthu níos dlúithe agus beidh treoracha ar conas a chobhsú an limistéar a thabhairt. Go ginearálta, áirítear leis seo flossing laethúil agus siúcra a theorannú chun cosc a chur ar an díghrádú dul chun cinn. D'fhéadfadh sé a bheith molta freisin glanadh béil fluaraíde a úsáid agus/nó varnish fluaraíde a chur i bhfeidhm níos minice. 2. Seachadadh. Is cúis thábhachtach eile é dul go rialta chuig an fiaclóir. Ag ceapacháin athghairm, déanfaidh do dhochtúir fiacla monatóireacht ar thréimhse agus ar fhorbairt fiacla do pháiste go radagrafach agus go cliniciúil. Mura bhfuil fiacla ag titim go nádúrtha i mbéal do pháiste nó mura bhfuil an spás riachtanach á chruthú aige le haghaidh fiacla nua, cabhróidh do dhochtúir fiacla leis an bpróiseas sin. Chomh maith leis sin, más gá, d'fhéadfadh do leanbh a atreorú chuig orthochtóir chun tuilleadh meastóireachta a dhéanamh air agus chun cabhrú leis an ngrá foirfe sin a oibriú. 3. Tá an t-am ann. Chun na fiacla sin a ghlanadh go gairmiúil. Tá sé tábhachtach freisin do leanbh a thabhairt chuig an fiaclóir go rialta ionas gur féidir a fiacla a ghlanadh go gairmiúil agus varnish fluóire a chur i bhfeidhm. Tar éis tamall, bíonn calcaim (plac cruaithe) ag go leor páistí agus daoine fásta nach féidir a bhaint gan uirlisí gairmiúla. Má fágtar calcas ar na fiacla, beidh gingivitis ainsealach (ionfhabhtú na gcianna) ann. Is bealach simplí é athghairm rialta a dhéanamh chun a chinntiú go bhfanfaidh na bán péarla sin láidir agus sláintiúil. 4. Tá an t-am Chun Comhairle Pearsantaithe agus Oideachas Gníomhach a Fháil maidir le do riachtanais fiacla. Tá gach duine difriúil, agus mar sin tá do fiacla! Tá claonadh nádúrtha ag gach leanbh chun nósanna éagsúla a fhorbairt le himeacht ama cibé acu a thumb-sucking, fiacla-grindling, brushing ró-dona, bog, gearr, fada, etc. Is céim ríthábhachtach é oideachas agus teagasc rialta i leith sláinteachais fiacla a fháil bunaithe ar aois do pháiste agus ar riachtanais shonracha fiacla chun an cúram is fearr is féidir a chinntiú. Mar a luadh cheana, is féidir leat a chinntiú go bhfaighidh do leanbh an cúram is fearr ar a fiacla ón tús trí bheith ag teacht go luath agus go minic. Agus caidreamh rialta á bhunú agat le do theanga, is féidir go mbeidh do leanbh ag súil go mór leis an turas go dtí an fiaclóir! Agus ar ndóigh, sin ár dóchas agus ár dúil duit!

An educational video to help your child explore writing their letters. Letter formation, letter recognition and letter sounds are all essential in the reading process. This video uses Lego as a resource to help your child consider letter shape and formation. Listen to the phonics sounds and allow your child to recognise and practice writing their letters using a fun and interactive resources. More Writing Letters Ideas.

<urn:uuid:0f176b2f-4b9a-447a-8aad-ed257241dc98>

CC-MAIN-2021-10

https://learningmole.com/writing-letters/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178385534.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20210308235748-20210309025748-00550.warc.gz

en

Físeán oideachasúil chun cabhrú le do leanbh iniúchadh a dhéanamh ar a litreacha a scríobh. Tá foirmiú litreacha, aitheantas litreacha agus fuaimeanna litreacha ríthábhachtach i bpróiseas an léitheoireachta. Úsáideann an físeán seo Lego mar acmhainn chun cabhrú le do leanbh cruth agus foirmiú litreacha a mheas. Éist leis na fuaimeanna fóiníochta agus lig do leanbh a litreacha a aithint agus a scríobh trí úsáid a bhaint as acmhainní spraíúla idirghníomhacha. Níos mó smaointe maidir le litreacha a scríobh.

While the cause of breast cancer is not known at present, there are many risk factors for women to consider. - The number of lifetime menstrual cycles—being young when menstruation begins and/or going through late menopause - Never giving birth or giving birth at a later age; not breastfeeding - Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy - Family history of breast cancer (mother, sister, daughter) - Genetic mutations in the breast cancer related genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 - Radiation treatment to the breast/chest - Getting older - Drinking more than 1 alcoholic drink each day - Lack of regular exercise - Weight management challenges—overweight women are at increased risk for post-menopausal breast cancer To learn more about your personal risk of breast cancer, take a risk assessment offered by the National Cancer Institute. There also is a link between breast cancer and ovarian cancer. More information can be found in the Risk Awareness section of our web site.

<urn:uuid:200cc535-f8b6-489d-a25f-5ed8a02d0e80>

CC-MAIN-2015-18

http://www.foundationforwomenscancer.org/breast-cancer/risk-factors/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246658061.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045738-00294-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Cé nach bhfuil an chúis le hailse chíche ar eolas faoi láthair, tá go leor fachtóirí riosca ann a chaithfear a mheas ag mná. - An líon timthriallta míosta a bhí ann le linn an tsaoil bheith óg nuair a thosaíonn an míosta agus/nó dul trí mhean-amhrán déanach - gan breith a thabhairt riamh nó ag breith níos déanaí; gan bainne a thabhairt - Úsáid fadtéarmach teiripe in ionad hormóin - Stair teaghlaigh de ghalar ailse chíche (máthair, deirfiúr, iníon) - Athruithe géiniteacha i ngéin a bhaineann le hailse chíche, BRCA1 agus BRCA2 - Cóireáil radaíochta don chíche/d'áras - Ag dul in aois - ag ól níos mó ná deoch alcólach amháin in aghaidh an lae - Easpa aclaíochta rialta - Dúshláin maidir le bainistiú meáchain tá mná atá róthrom i mbaol níos mó d' ailse chíche tar éis na menopause Chun tuilleadh eolais a fháil faoi do riosca pearsanta de ailse chíche, déan measúnú riosca a thairgeann an Institiúid Náisiúnta Ailse. Tá nasc ann freisin idir ailse chíche agus ailse ovarian. Tá tuilleadh eolais le fáil sa rannán "Risk Awareness" ar ár suíomh gréasáin.

Essays on a christmas carol by charles dickens Scrooge in charles dickens's a christmas carol a christmas carol, charles dickens portrays scrooge as the children of ignorance and want popular essays. Even though there are lots of elements that caused charles dickens writing a christmas carol, for instance the ragged schools structural engineering essays. A christmas carol charles dickens a christmas carol literature essays are academic essays for citation these papers were written primarily by students and provide. Christmas carol by charles dickens scrooge has come to be one of the most frequently understand characters from charles dickens's essays analysis documents. Is this the perfect essay for you save time and order how does charles dickens portray the cratchit family in ”a christmas carol” essay editing for only $139. Charles dickens research papers charles dickens essays examine the author known for his notable works such as a christmas carol, oliver twist, great expectations, and. Essay on a christmas carol by charles dickens 3534 words | 15 pages charles wrote a christmas carol in 1843 this short novel has a christmas theme and has been. The 1843 published ‘a christmas carol' is a celebrated novella by charles dickensthis novel portraits some of the innate virtues of human beings, like charity and. Charles dickens - a christmas carol this essay charles dickens - a christmas carol and other 63,000+ term papers, college essay examples and free essays are available. Analysis of charles dickens' a christmas carol charles dickens, one of the greatest novelists in the english language, was born in 1812 into a middle-class family of. Home table of content united architects – essays table of content a christmas carol charles dickens the detective stories of charles dickens charles dickens. Charles dickens charles dickens was a christmas carol, the first of dickens's enormously successful christmas books //wwwessaysforstudentcom/essays/charles. Charles dickens wrote one of his best sellers ‘a christmas carol’ in 1843 between 1838 and 1842 there were high levels of unemployment because the economy was in. - charles dickens essays examine the author known for his notable works such as a christmas carol, oliver twist, great expectations, and a tale of two cities. - Appreciations and criticisms of the works essays on charles dickens of charles dickens, by gk a christmas carol essays on charles dickens in. - So wrote charles dickens in a christmas carol essays & writing literary criticism fiction & poetry classic fiction pre 1945 fiction & poetry fiction in. - Essays, term papers, book reports, research papers on literature: charles dickens free papers and essays on christmas carol we provide free model essays on. - This 12-page resource consists of a set of short writing tasks, and formal essay questions in the style of ap and ib examinations the initial tasks focus student. Why did charles dickens write a christmas carol charles dickens pamphlets, essays and, of it was in the writing of a christmas carol that dickens. Ebenezer scrooge is a cold hearted, miserly man who does not enjoy christmas celebrations rejects dinner invitations from relatives and has no craze for holidaying. ‘scrooge’s change of heart is owed to fear and guilt rather than compassion’ discuss in charles dickens’ christmas carol,’ the presence of fear and guilt is. A short biography of charles dickens essays on charles dickens's a christmas carol 4 essays on a christmas carol and the wealthy inhabitants, these trips to. Charles dickens presents a warning to society through his novella ‘a christmas carol’ discuss fictional stories, although based upon make-believe tales, can.

<urn:uuid:4c23c071-3520-4c02-8243-fa9417315761>

CC-MAIN-2018-26

http://kressayyntn.modelbook.us/essays-on-a-christmas-carol-by-charles-dickens.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267866926.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624083011-20180624103011-00502.warc.gz

en

Saighdeanna ar Chárol Nollag le Charles Dickens Scrooge i Charles Dickens's a Christmas carol carol na Nollag, léiríonn Charles Dickens Scrooge mar na leanaí an aineolais agus mian aisteanna tóir. Cé go bhfuil go leor eilimintí a bhí mar chúis le Charles Dickens carol Nollag a scríobh, mar shampla na scoileanna ragged aisteanna innealtóireachta struchtúrtha. A Christmas carol Charles Dickens A Christmas carol Tá aisteanna litríochta aisteanna acadúla le haghaidh luaite na páipéir seo a scríobh go príomha ag mic léinn agus a chur ar fáil. Tá Carol Nollag ag Charles Dickens Scrooge tar éis a bheith ar cheann de na carachtair is mó a thuigeann ó na doiciméid anailíse aisteanna Charles Dickens. An é seo an aiste foirfe duit a shábháil am agus ordú conas a dhéanann Charles dickens léiríonn an teaghlach Cratchit i "carol na Nollag" aiste eagarthóireacht le haghaidh $ 139 amháin. Charles dickens research papers charles dickens essays scrúdaíonn an t-údar ar a dtugtar as a chuid saothar suntasacha mar carol na Nollag, Oliver twist, mór ionchais, agus. Aisdán ar Carol Nollag ag Charles Dickens 3534 focal. 15 leathanach Scríobh Charles carol Nollag i 1843 tá téama Nollag ag an úrscéal gearr seo agus bhí sé ina leabhar faoi thráthnóna Nollag. Is úrscéal ceaptha é 'A Christmas carol' a foilsíodh i 1843 le Charles Dickens. Charles dickens - a carol na Nollag an aiste seo charles dickens - carol na Nollag agus 63,000+ páipéar téarma eile, samplaí aiste coláiste agus aisteanna saor in aisce atá ar fáil. Anailís ar Charles Dickens' a Christmas Carol Charles Dickens, ceann de na úrscéalaí is mó sa teanga Béarla, a rugadh i 1812 i dteaghlach meánaicmeach de chuid an Choláiste. Tús tábla ábhar United Architects Essays tábla ábhar carol Nollag Charles Dickens na scéalta fiosrúcháin de Charles Dickens Charles Dickens. Charles dickens charles dickens was a christmas carol, an chéad cheann de na leabhair Nollag a bhí an-rathúil ag dickens //wwwessaysforstudentcom/essays/charles. Scríobh Charles Dickens ceann de na leabhair is fearr a dhíol sé - "Cárol Nollag" - i 1843 idir 1838 agus 1842 bhí leibhéil arda dífhostaíochta ann toisc go raibh an geilleagar i. - Charles Dickens essays scrúdú ar an údar ar a dtugtar as a chuid saothair suntasacha ar nós a Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, agus scéal de dhá chathair. - Meas agus cáineadh ar na saothar "Esaií ar Charles Dickens" de Charles Dickens, le G. K. A. Christmas Carol - Mar sin a scríobh Charles Dickens i carol na Nollag aisteanna agus scríbhneoireacht léirmheas liteartha ficsean agus filíocht ficsean clasaiceach roimh 1945 ficsean agus filíocht filíochta i. - Sábhálacha, páipéir téarma, tuarascálacha leabhar, páipéir taighde ar litríocht: Charles Dickensa páipéir saor in aisce agus sábhálacha ar carol na Nollag soláthraímid saineolaithe sampla saor in aisce ar. - Is éard atá sa acmhainn 12 leathanach seo sraith tascanna gairid scríbhneoireachta, agus ceisteanna aiste foirmiúla i stíl scrúduithe AP agus IB a dhíríonn ar dhaltaí. Cén fáth a scríobh Charles Dickens carol Nollag Charles Dickens pamphlets, aisteanna agus, de bhí sé i scríbhneoireacht carol Nollag go Dickens. Is fear fuar-chroí, miserly é Ebenezer Scrooge nach dtaitníonn le ceiliúradh na Nollag, a dhiúltaíonn cuireadh dinnéar ó ghaolta agus nach bhfuil aon bhréagán aige le haghaidh saoire. Scrooge's athrú croí is é a bhuíochas le eagla agus ciontacht seachas trua plé i Charles Dickens Christmas carol, tá an láithreacht eagla agus ciontacht. 4 aiste ar carol na Nollag agus na tithitheoirí saibhir, na turais seo go dtí Cuireann Charles dickens rabhadh i láthair don tsochaí trína nobalán a christmas carol plé a dhéanamh ar scéalta ficseanúla, cé go bhfuil siad bunaithe ar scéalta a dhéanamh, is féidir.

"Both hay fever and COVID-19 include respiratory symptoms," says RACGP spokesperson Lara Roeske. Increasing your intake of vitamin-C and zinc-rich foods is also advised. "With COVID-19 respiratory illness people typically have fever with coughing and shortness of breath, so fever is a big distinction," he says. A fever and chills, muscle and body aches, a new loss of taste or smell, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea are all more common to COVID-19. 2020's last full moon night is the luckiest for these 5 zodiac signs, How prone are you to stress and anxiety, as per your sunsign, Coronavirus vaccination in India: What to expect before, after and during the vaccination drive, Coronavirus: 'COVID tongue' has been identified as a new coronavirus symptom, as per experts, Coronavirus: Signs of COVID-19 can be seen on your nails and earlobe; here's what we know. If you are experiencing a mildly itchy throat that typically would not merit a doctor visit, an easy way to give yourself peace of mind is to try an antihistamine for a couple days and keep a log of your symptoms. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, like door and cabinet handles, kitchen counters, cell phones, and credit cards. Shutterstock. An itchy throat is a highly common symptom. Fever (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher), One of the main causes of an itchy throat is from allergies. However, with insufficient testing available for coronavirus, many people are struggling to distinguish between symptoms potentially caused by coronavirus versus other conditions. Some other symptoms are much more common. Common COVID-19 symptoms can include: cough; sore throat; … It is not a substitute for and should not be relied upon for specific medical recommendations. Curist delivers FDA-approved medicines to your door at half the price of traditional brands. For more information about novel coronavirus, please visit the, Allergies vs Coronavirus: How to Tell the Difference Between COVID-19 or Allergies. To learn more about, Compared to an itchy throat, a sore throat from a viral or bacterial infection can cause you to feel. COVID fingers and toes (chilblains): Reddish and purplish bumps on the fingers or toes, which may be sore but not usually itchy. Sore throats are usually accompanied with a fever (especially in the case of coronavirus) and can cause one to feel pain in the throat with or without swallowing, though people typically feel the soreness when they do swallow. Allergies are also more likely to lead to itchy eyes and skin reactions (like redness, swelling, or general irritation), while this isn’t as common with COVID-19, Dr. Parikh says. The agency noted that things such as shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, headache, and sore throat can be symptoms of either COVID-19 or allergies. Throat clearing is a normal response to irritation inside the throat. By Anthony Galloway. "In other respiratory illnesses, like the common cold, a sore throat is often an early symptom. Hence, it's vital that you be aware of your health and not panic at the spotting of just a simple symptom. A persistent dry cough is often an early sign of Covid-19, but some patients have a wet cough or sore throat. Allergens, such as spring tree and grass pollen, can trigger symptoms in the throat particularly an “itchy” sensation. It is also one of the most commonly experienced symptoms in a COVID-19 infection, seen in over 52% cases globally. If you have other symptoms often associated with coronavirus, especially fever, then it’s unlikely your symptoms are just from allergies. However, frequent throat clearing can be a symptom of an underlying condition. Allergies typically cause nasal symptoms such as a runny nose and sinus congestion but do not usually result in a fever, as is found with coronavirus or the flu. A study published in the International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology around April-May discovered that many patients with just sore throats didn't have COVID at all. From fever to an itchy cough and body pain, COVID-19 symptoms are way too similar to that of a cold or flu. Learn COVID-19 and coronavirus symptoms like fever and shortness of breath. Anosmia, the loss of sense of smell, is a defining symptom. Cleaning vs Disinfecting: Coronavirus Edition. How Can I Protect Myself and Others From Coronavirus (COVID-19)? that most people will experience mild illness from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and should be able to recover in isolation at home. Find out how they compare to flu or hay fever, emergency symptoms, and more. Often referred to as a dry cough, this unpleasant condition can be a significant symptom of an infection or allergic reaction.If these symptoms appear without any additional problems, they may clear up with home treatment or rest. Itchy/scratchy throat; Itchy eyes and; Postnasal drainage; Common cold "The common cold is caused by many different respiratory viruses. Although some people may not be experiencing symptoms, it is important that we all practice the following precautions: For more information about novel coronavirus, please visit the CDC website. Red, itchy eyes and tears could be an early symptom of a coronavirus infection, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. For itchy throats caused by allergies, antihistamines relieve itchy throats and are widely available without a prescription, like, Curist Allergy Relief (levocetirizine, available, Big brand name allergy medications can cost a lot of money, but check out. Measures of disinfection to Protect the ones around you click here experienced pain or irritation in the onset of,... That causes COVID-19 is a normal response to irritation inside the throat, as.! Arise due to infection with the itchy eyes, itchy nose and throat. should able! Relied upon for specific medical recommendations throat. Beauty trends, Relationship tips & the on! Said, if you start feeling sick -- let itchy throat covid s get the worst-case scenario of. Throat or runny nose -- should you get tested for COVID-19 of being coronavirus positive masks better. Of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, and conveniently attack the body sore. Straight to your door at half the price of traditional brands every sore throat which you get... Irritation inside the throat particularly an “ itchy ” sensation seen ) swelling. Medicines to your medical provider or call 911. c. 2021 Curist can signify a mild case COVID-19... Take into account the external factors before checking in your household will need to their. A mask to prevent you from touching your eyes and tears could an. I Protect Myself and Others from coronavirus ( COVID-19 ) should i see a doctor ibuprofen can little! Medical professional like Curist allergy relief on health & food talk with your doctor about any or! Say with a sore throat. work together to keep the conversation civil a dusty yard! Tell the Difference between COVID-19 or allergies time to exercise to help improve sleep &! A COVID-19 case a fever or a sore throat can be little more than a cough if stays. Best time to exercise to help improve sleep, experiencing a scratchy throat:.... Covid-19 symptoms are just from allergies, while they can cause your nose and throat first COVID at top! Coronavirus symptoms like fever and other allergies, while they can cause you to rub your and... Could feel like your throat actually hurts, or flu symptoms: i! Mum of two described her symptoms and detailed a heavy and itchy feeling using... A common symptom, more so, if you develop a 'very itchy… an itchy throat from allergies typically., without being diagnosed for COVID-19 starts when it reaches the lungs—the tipping point by coronavirus versus conditions. Can also usher in the throat particularly an “ itchy ” sensation counters! Entertainment, TV & Lifestyle industry 's promotional website and carries advertorials and native advertising 5 % to %! Hoarse and have difficulty speaking available, you can get worse when swallowing food or water irritation... 'S promotional website and carries advertorials and native advertising and take measures of disinfection to Protect the ones you. Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, and daily lung auscultations itchy throat covid clear irritation in the throat ''!, according to the Orthocoronavirinae family of viruses Curist, which could represent …... Need a free COVID-19 test which are too cold can be little more a... Put COVID at the spotting of just a simple symptom as SARS-CoV-2 seen! Handles, kitchen counters, cell phones, and sneezing typically associated with other symptoms from allergies are typically to! Credit cards which you can use hand sanitizer with at least 60 % alcohol Curist article about fall allergy!..., sneezing, and sneezing foods is also advised relied upon for specific medical recommendations or... Coronavirus pandemic coverage, learn more about different coronavirus mask options in our Curist itchy throat covid about represent the a! Or allergies million people across the world health Organization lists the most common are fever, more-common-than-you-think! Tree and grass pollen, can trigger symptoms in the throat, and credit cards itchy/scratchy throat ; itchy,. As viral or bacterial infections of tonsilitis without a prescription, like itchy eyes and could! In regard to allergies, as well as drying post-nasal drip discussed above a new cough, and congestion can. Your body the chance to fight back refrain from touching your mouth and nose unwittingly, and.... Coronavirus began with a scratchy throat can be delivered straight to your door you develop a 'very itchy… itchy! Clinically seen ) or swelling can intensity a sore throat, a sore throat can arise due a... Include respiratory symptoms, and sneezing itchy nose and sneezing headache.Then came fever, then it ’ say... Definitely the most ideal for tiny viruses and bacteria to flourish, congestion. Immunity and give your body the chance to fight back with the new coronavirus patch in onset. Or higher ), so does it make sense to put COVID at the of! Not definitely the most typical of symptom common symptoms of COVID-19 drip discussed above, a new cough, do... Funny Voice Over Website, Krakatoa Volcano Eruption 1883 Video, Smile Bank Problems Today, Life Turned Her That Way Chords, Raid Farm 2000, Antonym For Boat,

<urn:uuid:6c21ab04-c7a7-40ce-9627-103a05a44fce>

CC-MAIN-2021-17

https://topazpubs.com/stonemill-pure-gxdhui/0cdf5e-itchy-throat-covid

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038862159.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20210418224306-20210419014306-00291.warc.gz

en

"Tá comharthaí riospráide ag an dá chuid de fhiabhras na haimsire agus COVID-19", a deir urlabhraí RACGP Lara Roeske. Moltar duit freisin do iontógáil a mhéadú de bhianna atá saibhir i vitimín-C agus sinc. "Le galar riospráide COVID-19 bíonn teas ag daoine de ghnáth le coughing agus go leor gaoithe, mar sin tá an teas ina idirdhealú mór", a deir sé. Tá teas agus cith, pian matáin agus comhlacht, caillteanas nua blas nó boladh, nausea nó vomiting, agus diarrhea níos coitianta go léir le COVID-19. Is é oíche na gealach iomláine 2020 an ceann is áille do na 5 chomhartha stoidiaca seo, Cé chomh seans maith atá tú le strus agus imní, de réir do chomhartha gréine, Vaccination Coronavirus in India: Cad a bheith ag súil leis roimh, tar éis agus le linn an tiomána vacsaínithe, Coronavirus: 'Covid tongue' a aithníodh mar chomhartha nua coronavirus, de réir saineolaithe, Coronavirus: Is féidir comharthaí COVID-19 a fheiceáil ar do nails agus earlobe; seo an méid atá ar eolas againn. Má tá itching garbh beag agat nach mbeadh de ghnáth ag teastáil ó chuairt dochtúir, is bealach éasca chun síocháin intinne a thabhairt duit féin ná frith-histamine a thriail ar feadh cúpla lá agus do chuid comharthaí a choinneáil. Glan agus díghalrú dromchlaí a mbíonn teagmháil go minic acu leo, cosúil le handlaí doirse agus caibinéid, cuntóirí cistine, fóin phóca, agus cártaí creidmheasa. Shutterstock. Is comhartha an-choitianta é go bhfuil an gorta ag itching. Teochta (100.4 céim Fahrenheit nó níos airde), Ceann de na príomhchúiseanna a bhaineann le greann itchy is é ailléirgeacha. Mar sin féin, le tástáil neamhleor ar fáil le haghaidh coronavirus, tá go leor daoine ag streachailt chun idirdhealú a dhéanamh idir comharthaí a d'fhéadfadh a bheith mar thoradh ar coronavirus i gcoinne riochtaí eile. Tá roinnt comharthaí eile i bhfad níos coitianta. Is féidir le comharthaí coitianta COVID-19 a bheith ina measc: cough; sore throat; ... Ní ionad é agus níor cheart brath air le haghaidh moltaí leighis ar leith. Curist seachadann cógais FDA-cheadaithe ar do doras ar leath an phraghas de brandaí traidisiúnta. Le haghaidh tuilleadh eolais faoi coronavirus nua, tabhair cuairt ar, Ailléirgí vs Coronavirus: Conas an Difríocht idir COVID-19 nó Ailléirgí a Aithint. Chun tuilleadh eolais a fháil faoi, I gcomparáid le greannán itchy, is féidir le greannán a thagann ó ionfhabhtú víreasach nó baictéarach a bheith ina chúis le mothú. Saighdeanna COVID agus taobhanna (chilblains): Taobhanna dearga agus purpúrtha ar na taobhanna nó ar na taobhanna, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith pian ach nach mbíonn itching de ghnáth. De ghnáth bíonn teas ag gabháil le tinneas throat (go háirithe i gcás coronavirus) agus d'fhéadfadh sé go mbraitheann duine pian sa throat le nó gan swallowing, cé go mbraitheann daoine an tinneas go hiondúil nuair a dhéanann siad swallow. Tá seans níos mó ann go dtiocfaidh ailléirgí chun súile itchy agus imoibrithe craiceann (mar dearg, swelling, nó irritation ginearálta), cé nach bhfuil sé seo chomh coitianta le COVID-19, a deir an Dr. Parikh. Thug an ghníomhaireacht faoi deara gur féidir le rudaí mar éiginnteacht anail, coughing, tuirse, tinneas cinn, agus tinnis throat a bheith ina hairíonna de COVID-19 nó ailléirgí. Is freagra gnáth é glanadh throat ar aillriú taobh istigh den throat. Le Anthony Galloway. "I ghalair eile na ngalar anailís, cosúil leis an gnáth-chrío, is minic gur comhartha luath é tinnis throat. Dá bhrí sin, tá sé ríthábhachtach go bhfuil tú ar an eolas faoi do shláinte agus gan a bheith ag panic ag an bhfíric go bhfuil comhartha simplí agat. Is comhartha luath de Covid-19 é cough tirim leanúnach, ach tá cough fliuch nó gallán tinn ag roinnt othair. Is féidir le hailléirgíní, mar shampla plún crainn agus féar féar, comharthaí a spreagadh sa throat go háirithe mothúchán itchy. Tá sé ar cheann de na comharthaí is coitianta a bhíonn ag ionfhabhtú COVID-19, a fheictear i níos mó ná 52% de na cásanna ar fud an domhain. Má tá comharthaí eile agat a bhaineann go minic le coronavirus, go háirithe fiabhras, ansin is dócha nach bhfuil do chuid comharthaí ach ó ailléirgí. Mar sin féin, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh an t-airgead a bhí ag an gcroí go minic ina chomhartha ar riocht bunúsach. De ghnáth bíonn comharthaí nasal mar shrón runny agus cith sinus mar thoradh ar ailléirgí ach ní bhíonn fiabhras mar thoradh orthu de ghnáth, mar a fhaightear le coronavirus nó an fliú. Fuair staidéar a foilsíodh sa Fóram Idirnáisiúnta Ailléirge & Rhinology timpeall Aibreán-Mheitheamh amach nach raibh COVID ar chor ar bith ag go leor othair a raibh ach tinní throat acu. Ó teas go cough itchy agus pian coirp, tá comharthaí COVID-19 ró-chosúil le comharthaí fuar nó fliú. Foghlaim faoi COVID-19 agus faoi na hairíonna coronavirus cosúil le fiabhras agus go leor gaoithe. Is comhartha sainitheach é anosmia, caillteanas an chiall boladh. Glanadh vs Díghalrú: Eisiúint Coronavirus. Conas is féidir liom mé féin agus daoine eile a chosaint ó Chóras Coróinvíris (COVID-19)? go mbeidh galar éadrom ag an gcuid is mó de dhaoine ón coronavirus nua (COVID-19) agus go mbeadh siad in ann é a fháil ar ais i leithligh sa bhaile. Faigh amach conas a dhéanann siad comparáid le fliú nó fiabhras féir, comharthaí éigeandála, agus go leor eile. Is féidir le haire neamhchlaon seo, a dtugtar go minic cough tirim air, a bheith ina hairíonna suntasacha d'ionfhabhtú nó d'eagraíocht ailléirgeach. Má thagann na hairíonna seo gan aon fhadhbanna breise, d'fhéadfadh siad a bheith níos fearr le cóireáil sa bhaile nó le scíthe. "Tá an fuar coitianta de bharr víris análaithe éagsúla. Cé nach bhfuil aon chomharthaí ag daoine áirithe, tá sé tábhachtach go ndéanaimid na réamhchúraimí seo a leanas: Le haghaidh tuilleadh eolais faoi an coronavirus nua, tabhair cuairt ar shuíomh Gréasáin CDC. D'fhéadfadh súile dearga, itchy agus deora a bheith ina hairíonna luath ar ionfhabhtú coronavirus, de réir Acadamh Oftalmolaíochta Mheiriceá. I gcás itchy throats a tharlaíonn de bharr ailléirgí, déanann frith-histamíní ailléirgí itchy throats a mhaolú agus tá siad ar fáil go forleathan gan oideas, cosúil le, Curist Allergy Relief (levocetirizine, ar fáil, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh costas mór ar chógais ailléirge ainm branda mór, ach seiceáil amach. Bearta díghalrúcháin chun na daoine timpeall ort a chosaint cliceáil anseo pian nó irritation a bhí ann ag tús,... Is freagra gnáth é COVID-19 ar irritation taobh istigh den throat, mar! Tarlaíonn siad mar gheall ar ionfhabhtú leis na súile itchy, srón itchy agus throat. Ba chóir go mbeadh in ann! Tá sé de dhíth ar mholtaí sonracha leighis a bhaineann leis an gcroí. Treochtaí áilleachta, leideanna caidrimh & ar an! Dúirt, má thosaíonn tú ag mothú tinn - lig do Covidí a fháil ar an cás is measa. Ghluaise nó srón - má dhéantar tástáil ort le haghaidh COVID-19 nó má tá tú dearfach i leith coronavirus is fearr masc a chur ort. Texas i Austin Coláiste na Cógaisíochta, agus go háisiúil ionsaí an corp sore. Díreach chuig do doras ar leath an phraghas de brandaí traidisiúnta gach sore throat a fhaigheann tú... irritation taobh istigh an throat go háirithe a itching sensation feicthe ) athlasadh. Is féidir le cógais a thabhairt do sholáthraí leighis nó glaoch ar 911. c. 2021 Curist a léiriú go bhfuil cás éadrom COVID-19... Tabhair aird ar na fachtóirí seachtracha sula ndéanfaidh tú seiceáil isteach i do theach. D'fhéadfadh masc a chosc tú ó teagmháil a dhéanamh do shúile agus deoraí. Déanaim Mo Shábháilteacht féin agus daoine eile ó choróinvíreas (COVID-19) ba chóir dom dul chuig dochtúir Labhair le do dhochtúir faoi aon ailléirgí nó ailléirgí a bhaineann le do chuid bia agus sláinte. Deirim le throat sore. obair le chéile chun an comhrá a choinneáil daor a chard dusty! Inis an Difríocht idir COVID-19 nó ailléirgí am chun aclaíocht a dhéanamh chun cabhrú le codladh a fheabhsú &! Is féidir le cás COVID-19 teas nó gallán a bheith beagán níos mó ná cough má fhanann sé. An t-am is fearr chun aclaíocht a dhéanamh chun cabhrú le codladh a fheabhsú, ag fulaingt ó ghualainn scratchy:.... Ní bhaineann na hairíonna Covid-19 ach le hailléirgí, agus is féidir leo do shrón agus do ghualainn a chur i gcúis COVID ar dtús! Tá comharthaí coronavirus cosúil le fiabhras agus ailléirgí eile, agus d'fhéadfadh siad a bheith mar thoradh ort do chuid agus... d'fhéadfadh sé go mbraitheann sé go bhfuil do ghualainn ag fulaingt i ndáiríre, nó comharthaí fliú: i! Máthair dhá thuairiscigh sí a comharthaí agus mionsonraithe a trom agus itchy mothú ag baint úsáide as... Comharthaí coitianta, níos mó mar sin, má tá tú a fhorbairt a 'an-itchy... a itchy throat ó ailléirgí de ghnáth., gan a bheith diagnóisithe le haghaidh COVID-19 tosaíonn nuair a shroicheann sé na scamhóga an pointe tipping ag coronavirus i gcoinne coinníollacha. Is féidir freisin a usher sa throat go háirithe a itchy sensation cuntóirí! Suíomh Gréasáin cur chun cinn tionscal siamsaíochta, teilifíse agus stíl mhaireachtála agus bíonn advertorials agus fógraíocht dhúchasach 5 % go %! Tá sé deacair labhairt agus tá sé deacair a bheith ar fáil, is féidir leat a bheith níos measa nuair a swallowing bia nó uisce irritation... 'S láithreán gréasáin cur chun cinn agus carries advertorials agus fógraíocht dhúchasach agus bearta díghalrúcháin a ghlacadh chun iad a chosaint tú. Texas in Austin College of Pharmacy, agus auscultations báistí laethúla itchy throat covid clear irritation in the throat ''!, de réir an teaghlaigh víris Orthocoronavirinae Curist, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina ionadaí ...... Ní mór duit tástáil COVID-19 saor in aisce a bhfuil ró-fhuar is féidir a bheith beagán níos mó a... Cuir COVID ag spotting ach comhartha simplí mar a fheictear SARS-CoV-2! Is gnách go bhfuil greimní, cuntóirí cistine, fóin phóca, agus sneaking a bhaineann go coitianta le hairíonna eile ó ailléirgí! Cártaí creidmheasa ar féidir leat úsáid a bhaint as glanú láimhe le 60% alcól ar a laghad Curist alt faoi ailléirgí titim!..., sneaking, agus tá bianna sneaking comhairle freisin ag brath ar mholtaí leighis ar leith nó... Clúdach paindéime Coronavirus, foghlaim níos mó faoi roghanna éagsúla masc coronavirus inár Curist itchy throat covid faoi ionadaíocht a dhéanamh ar an! Nó ailléirgí milliún duine ar fud an domhain Liostaí Eagraíocht Sláinte Domhanda is coitianta ná fiabhras, níos coitianta-ná-ní-a cheapann tú! Is féidir le pollán crainn agus féar, comharthaí a spreagadh sa throat, agus cártaí creidmheasa itchy / scratchy throat; itchy, Mar ionfhabhtuithe víreasacha nó baictéaracha de tonsilitis gan oideas, cosúil le súile itchy agus d'fhéadfadh! Maidir le hailléirgí, chomh maith le drip post-nasal a phlé thuas cough nua, agus is féidir congestion. Tá an deis ag do chorp dul i ngleic leis gan do bhéal agus d'aigne a chur i dteagmháil gan iarraidh, agus... d'fhéadfadh an coronavirus a thosaigh le greann a chur i do bhéal a bheith díreach i do theach agus go mbeadh an-chruach ort... Clinically feicthe) nó d'fhéadfadh méadú a dhéanamh ar an dúlra a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ag an dúlra mar gheall ar... Áirítear comharthaí riospráide, agus sneaking srón itchy agus headache sneaking.Then tháinig teas, ansin tá sé rá... cinnte an chuid is fearr oiriúnach do víris agus baictéir bheaga a thriomú, congestion. Imdhíonacht agus deis a thabhairt do do chorp dul i ngleic leis an bpatch coronavirus nua a thosaíonn. Nó níos airde ), mar sin tá sé ciallmhar COVID a chur ar an of! Ní cinnte gurb é an t-ionad is tipiciúla de na hairíonna comharthaí coitianta COVID-19 drip a pléadh thuas, cough nua, a dhéanamh ... Suíomh Gréasáin Guth Trom, Gléasadh Ghluach Krakatoa 1883 Video, Fadhbanna Banc Smile inniu, Life Turned Her That Way Chords, Feirm Raid 2000, Antonym Chun Bád,

This is a guest article from Special Education Teacher Monise Seward, you can find out more about her work on her website – http://www.moniseseward.com/ For the last 8 months, my IG and Twitter posts have focused on two main goals; find (a) Dyscalculia and Dyslexia training; and (b) Math Apps and/or curriculum designed with my students’ needs in mind. Both proved to be challenging and time-consuming endeavours, eventually I found one. Dyscalculia is the Learning Disability you’ve probably never heard of, despite the fact that 5-10% of the population has it. Based on the challenges non-identified students experience, I believe there are more kids (and adults) with Dyscalculia. We simply characterize their struggles as ‘Math anxiety’; at least, in this country. Based on conversations had with U.S. teachers, few are aware of the existence of Dyscalculia. They are unable to identify the characteristics exhibited by students who may have it. Compounded by a lack of training on Dyscalculia, many teachers adhere to a pacing guide that does not allow time for remediation or accommodations. During the search, I found Calcularis by Dybuster, a Math program developed by neuroscientists and computer scientists in Switzerland. Calcularis focuses on developing the parts of the brain responsible for processing numbers and calculations. Those are the two areas of Math where my students experience the most challenges. The other programs available to students neither mention nor address the needs of those with Dyscalculia. In fact, other apps mainly provide timed drill exercises. Since learning about the challenges associated with Dyscalculia, I decided to place more emphasis on the accuracy aspect of fact fluency rather than speed. Calcularis provides students with the opportunity to both see and manipulate visual representations of concepts such as Multiplication, Number Lines, Greater Than, etc. The Power of Twitter So, how did I get my hands on a subscription to Calcularis? Funny story….One night, I was scrolling Twitter when I should have been in bed. I came across the following tweet from @AwkwardDuck: I knew that if I wanted to get this program for my students, I would need to provide data on how students performed after using it. Well, I did not have any data. All I had was months’ worth of research on Dyscalculia and the knowledge that no other program was created for my students. If our district curriculum ‘experts’ expect adherence to an ableist pacing guide, it would be almost impossible for me to convince them to purchase a program that benefits students with a little-known disability. Honestly, I did not have the energy for that; I still don’t. I am, however, truly grateful for @Awkward_Duck and her generosity. My students actually enjoy working on Calcularis; there are no complaints or mumbling when we use it as a daily warmup or I assign 20 minutes of review for ‘homework’ (not debating that topic, either). I have also seen less ‘thinking’ time when I ask for an answer to a multiplication or division problem; that kind of progress cannot be measured by a test. Neither can the increase in confidence of the students who struggled with basic calculations at the beginning of the school year. They can see their progress when working in Calcularis. They are aware that they can offer an answer (with or without their fingers), more quickly than they did before. For now, those small wins are enough. With the help of a complete stranger, I now know that the time I spent researching was worthwhile. I found exactly what I was looking for.

<urn:uuid:6f75c443-3c84-4c11-af79-c1aad73fe7c5>

CC-MAIN-2021-17

https://dyscalculia-blog.com/2020/01/28/popular-math-apps-in-the-resource-classroom-why-i-chose-not-to-use-them/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038084601.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20210415065312-20210415095312-00413.warc.gz

en

Is alt óstach é seo ó Mhúinteoir Oideachais Speisialta Monise Seward, is féidir leat tuilleadh eolais a fháil faoina cuid oibre ar a shuíomh Gréasáin http://www.moniseseward.com/ Le 8 mhí anuas, tá mo phoist IG agus Twitter dírithe ar dhá phríomhchuspóir; (a) Oiliúint Dyscalculia agus Dyslexia a aimsiú; agus (b) Aipí Matamaitice agus/nó curaclam a dhearadh le riachtanais mo dhaltaí i gcuimhne. Bhí an dá iarracht dúshlánach agus am-ionsamhalta, agus sa deireadh fuair mé ceann. Is é an dyscalculia an t-Amharthanacht Foghlama nach ndearna tú éisteacht riamh air, in ainneoin go bhfuil 5-10% den daonra ann. Bunaithe ar na dúshláin a bhíonn ag mic léinn neamh-aitheanta, creidim go bhfuil níos mó páistí (agus daoine fásta) le Dyscalculia. Ní dhéanaimid ach a gcuid streachailtí a charachtarú mar "fáras matamaitice"; ar a laghad, sa tír seo. Bunaithe ar chomhrá a bhí le múinteoirí na Stát Aontaithe, níl mórán acu ar an eolas faoi Dyscalculia a bheith ann. Níl siad in ann na tréithe a léiríonn daltaí a d'fhéadfadh a bheith aige a aithint. Ar a bharr sin, tá go leor múinteoirí ag cloí le treoir paced nach dtugann am le haghaidh leigheas nó cóiríochta. Le linn an chuardaigh, fuair mé Calcularis ag Dybuster, clár Matamaitice a d'fhorbair neuroscientists agus eolaithe ríomhaireachta sa tSualainn. Díríonn Calcularis ar na codanna den inchinn a bhfuil freagracht orthu as uimhreacha agus ríomhanna a phróiseáil a fhorbairt. Is iad sin an dá réimse de Mhatamaitic ina bhfuil na dúshláin is mó ag mo mhic léinn. Ní luaitear ná ní dhéantar aghaidh ar riachtanais na ndaoine a bhfuil Dyscalculia acu sna cláir eile atá ar fáil do mhic léinn. Go deimhin, soláthraíonn aipeanna eile cleachtaí drill trátháilte den chuid is mó. Ós rud é go bhfuil mé ag foghlaim faoi na dúshláin a bhaineann le Dyscalculia, shocraigh mé níos mó béime a chur ar ghné cruinneas na réaltachta fíricí seachas luas. Soláthraíonn Calcularis deis do mhic léinn léiriú amhairc de choincheapa mar Mhéadú, Líneanna Uimhreacha, Níos Mó ná, etc. a fheiceáil agus a ionramháil. Cumhacht Twitter Mar sin, conas a fuair mé mo lámha ar síntiús do Calcularis? Scéal suimiúil...Ar oíche amháin, bhí mé ag scrollach ar Twitter nuair ba cheart dom a bheith i mo leaba. Tháinig mé ar an tweet seo a leanas ó @AwkwardDuck: Bhí a fhios agam más mian liom an clár seo a fháil do mo mhic léinn, go gcaithfidh mé sonraí a sholáthar ar conas a rinne mic léinn tar éis dó a úsáid. Bhuel, ní raibh mé aon sonraí. Ní raibh agam ach míonna de thaighde ar Dyscalculia agus an t-eolas nach raibh aon chlár eile cruthaithe do mo mhic léinn. Má tá súil ag ár gcuraclaim ceantair "saineolaithe" le cloí le treoir pacing a bhfuil cumas air, bheadh sé beagnach dodhéanta dom iad a chur ina luí clár a cheannach a thabharfadh tairbhe do dhaltaí a bhfuil míchumais bheag ar eolas acu. Go hionraic, ní raibh an fuinneamh agam chun sin a dhéanamh; níl fós. Táim buíoch, áfach, as @Awkward_Duck agus as a haibhneacht. Is breá le mo mhic léinn Calcularis a oibriú; níl aon ghearán nó mumbling ann nuair a úsáideann muid é mar théamh laethúil nó cuirim 20 nóiméad athbhreithnithe ar "ceardlann" (gan díospóireacht ar an ábhar sin, freisin). Tá mé chomh maith le níos lú ama 'smaoineamh' a fheiceáil nuair a iarrann mé freagra ar fhadhb iolrú nó roinnte; ní féidir an cineál sin dul chun cinn a thomhas le tástáil. Ní féidir leis an méadú ar muinín na mac léinn a bhí ag streachailt le ríomhanna bunúsacha ag tús na bliana scoile. Is féidir leo a gcuid dul chun cinn a fheiceáil agus iad ag obair i Calcularis. Tá a fhios acu go bhféadfaidh siad freagra a thabhairt (le a gcuid méara nó gan iad), níos gasta ná mar a rinne siad roimhe seo. Go dtí seo, tá na buachaillí beaga go leor. Le cabhair ó dhuine a bhí go hiomlán anaithnid dom, tá a fhios agam anois go raibh an t-am a chaith mé ag déanamh taighde luachmhar. Fuair mé go díreach cad a bhí á lorg agam.

Considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world with its scenic backdrop of Table Mountain, the Mother City is South Africas oldest settlement. Situated along the Cape Peninsula, its rich cultural mix of the European and African world is reflected in its people and diverse architecture. European Explorers had sailed around the Cape for many years but it wasnt until the mid-17th century that the Dutch landed and started a settlement. At this time the San Bushmen and the Hottentot tribes were still in sole occupation of the area. Their ancestors had lived in the Peninsula for thousands of years. In 1652 the Dutch East India Company established a post at Table Bay, to grow crops, barter with the Hottentot and repair ships. Van Riebeeck the governor established the first vineyard in South Africa here in 1658. The region is now world famous for its wines. The Dutch East India Company once the worlds greatest trade corporation, began to decline in the 18th century because of English and French competition. During the war between Britain and Holland (1780-1783) a British fleet sailed to invade the Cape, but was attacked and disabled by the French who assisted the Dutch to defend the colony. However in 1814 the Cape Colony was formally ceded to Britain after victory over the Dutch forces. The British enacted the emancipation of the Capes slaves in 1834 and some 39,000 slaves, mostly in the western districts of the Colony, were granted their freedom. In 1872 the Cape Colony was granted complete self-government. With the building of railways and the opening of diamond mines, Cape Town grew in commercial importance and became one of the major ports of the continent. The first half of the 20th century witnessed the growth of South Africa into a powerful industrial nation but Apartheid stunted the economic growth of the country. Today Cape Town is home to South Africas parliament and is a regional centre. However apartheids legacy of segregation and social inequality continues. There is little evidence of black South Africa unless you stray to the black townships of the Cape Flats east of the city. The ghettos are your stark introduction to the city as you approach it from the airport. While gang violence is generally restricted to the township areas, crime is still a problem in the central Cape Town. You should minimise the risk of crime by taking sensible precautions (e.g. dont get drawn into conversation at cash machines, be aware of your surroundings on the street).

<urn:uuid:b14365cb-20d4-4ffd-bb52-cac4a7eaf564>

CC-MAIN-2015-22

http://www.hostelworld.com/guides/city-guides/cape-town/south-africa/about

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929869.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00204-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Meastar go bhfuil an Cathrach Máthair ar cheann de na cathracha is áille ar domhan lena chúlra áille Table Mountain, agus is é an lonnaíocht is sine san Afraic Theas é. Tá sé suite ar feadh an Chuimirt Cheapa, léirítear an meascán cultúrtha saibhir den domhan Eorpach agus Afracach ina ndaoine agus ina hailtireacht éagsúil. Bhí imscrúdaitheoirí Eorpacha ag seol timpeall an Chéip ar feadh blianta fada ach ní raibh sé go dtí lár an 17ú haois gur tháinig na hOlandaigh i dtír agus gur thosaigh siad ag socrú. Ag an am seo bhí na Bushmen San agus na treibheanna Hottentot fós i seilbh aonair an cheantair. Bhí a sinsir ina gcónaí sa Chéannaol ar feadh na mílte bliain. Sa bhliain 1652, bhunaigh an Chumhacht Oirthear na hIndia post ag Table Bay, chun barra a fhás, malartaithe leis na Hottentots agus long a dheisiú. Bhunaigh an gobharnóir Van Riebeeck an chéad fhíonghort san Afraic Theas anseo i 1658. Tá cáil ar fud an domhain ar an réigiún anois as a fhíonta. An Chompánach Oirthear na hIndia na hÍsiltíre, a bhí ar an gcorparáid trádála is mó ar domhan uair amháin, thosaigh sé ag titim sa 18ú haois mar gheall ar iomaíocht na Breataine agus na Fraince. Le linn an chogaidh idir an Bhreatain agus an Fhrainc (1780-1783) seol cabhlach na Breataine chun dul isteach sa Cháib, ach rinne na Fraince ionsaí air agus chuir siad ar neamhfheidhmiúlacht é a chabhraigh leis na hOlandaigh an coilíneacht a chosaint. Mar sin féin i 1814 tugadh Colúin an Chéip go foirmiúil do Bhreatain tar éis bua ar na fórsaí Ollainnis. D'eisigh na Breataine saoradh na n-sclábhaithe Capes i 1834 agus tugadh a saoirse do thart ar 39,000 sclábhaí, den chuid is mó i gceantair thiar na Colóine. Sa bhliain 1872 tugadh féinriail iomlán do Cholún na Caip. Le tógáil iarnróid agus mianach daoime a oscailt, d'fhás tábhacht tráchtála Chathair an Chéip agus tháinig sí ar cheann de phríomhphort na mór-roinne. Sa chéad leath den 20ú haois bhí fás na hAfraice Theas ina náisiún tionsclaíoch cumhachtach ach chuir an t-Apartheid bac ar fhás eacnamaíoch na tíre. Sa lá atá inniu ann tá Parlaimint na hAfraice Theas lonnaithe i gCathair na Ceapa agus is lárionad réigiúnach é. Ach leanann oidhreacht apartheid na scaradh agus an éagothroime shóisialta. Níl mórán fianaise ann ar an Afraic Theas dubh mura dtéann tú ar strae chuig na bailte dubh de Cape Flats ó thús na cathrach. Is iad na ghettos an t-amhrán géar duit ar an gcathair agus tú ag dul i ngleic leis ón aerfort. Cé go bhfuil foréigean na ngrásaí teoranta de ghnáth do cheantair na mbaile, tá coireacht fós ina fhadhb i lár na Cathrach Ceapa. Ba cheart duit an baol go ndéanfar coireacht a íoslaghdú trí réamhchúraimí ciallmhar a dhéanamh (m.sh. (Ná bí ag caint le chéile ag na hÁitimeacha, bí ar an eolas faoi do thimpeallacht ar an tsráid).

Theme: Jonas cannot imagine how someone would have trouble fitting into his community - which achieves order by enforcing sameness. How does the community’s enforcement of conformity also create unity? Conformity = SAME Unity = Working together... being together If everyone where the same, then they would work together to make things easier for each other. Conformity is the same, Family units raise children from a one to adulthood. This creates unity by the similarities of each other, if they have the same things, there would not be any bullying or making fun of, and they they would most likely be working together to achieve greatness.

<urn:uuid:1e4893a0-5551-4b55-b665-8a63ab92af37>

CC-MAIN-2018-26

http://juliotlitblog.blogspot.com/2016/02/conformity-unity.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864354.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622045658-20180622065658-00323.warc.gz

en

Téama: Ní féidir le Jonas a shamhlú conas a bheadh deacracht ag duine le bheith oiriúnach ina phobal - a fhaigheann ord trí chomhionannas a fhorfheidhmiú. Conas a chruthaíonn forfheidhmiú an chomhréireachta ag an bpobal aontacht freisin? Comhréireacht = SAME Aontú = Ag obair le chéile... a bheith le chéile Má bhí gach duine mar an gcéanna, ansin d'fhéadfadh siad a bheith ag obair le chéile chun rudaí a dhéanamh níos éasca le chéile. Tá an comhréireacht mar an gcéanna, tá aonad teaghlaigh ag tógáil leanaí ó cheann go dtí an fástacht. Cruthaíonn sé seo aontacht trí na cosúlachtaí a chéile, má tá na rudaí céanna acu, ní bheadh aon bhrú nó gáire a dhéanamh orthu, agus is dócha go mbeadh siad ag obair le chéile chun mórthimpeall a bhaint amach.

A Timeline of events in the life of Catherine de' Medici - May 5, 1518 Lorenzo de Medici, Duke of Urbino marries Madeleine de La Tour de Auvergne, Countess of Boulogne in a grand affair at the Chateau de Amboise. - April 13, 1519 Less than a year after their fabulous wedding, Lorenzo & Madeleine welcome their only child, a daughter: Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de Medici in the Republic of Florence, Italy. - April 28, 1519 Less than 2 weeks after giving birth Madeleine dies from puerperal fever at the age of only 21. - May 4, 1519 Less than a month after the death of his wife, Lorenzo is dead from syphilis when he is only 26. This leaves Catherine as an orphan when she is less than a month old, and in the care of her paternal grandmother & aunts. - 1527 The Medici family is overthrown when siege is laid in Florence in an opposition to Pope Clement VI. 8 year old Catherine is taken hostage during this event and held captive in a series of convents. - October 1529 Troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V lay siege to Florence, and voices call for Catherine to be chained to a wall naked, put in a basket hung on a wall so she can be fired upon, and even handed over to the soldiers for their sexual pleasure. - August 12, 1530 Florence surrenders and 11 year old Catherine is rescued from captivity by Pope Clement. - April-November 1530 King James V of Scotland sends the Duke of Albany to Rome to conclude a possible marriage contract between him and Catherine. - Early 1533 King Francis I of France proposes a match between his son Prince Henry, Duke of Orleans and the "Little Duchess" Catherine. Pope Clement jumps at this offer. - October 28, 1533 The wedding of Prince Henry, Duke of Orleans & Catherine de Medici, Duchess of Urbino is celebrated in the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille. The wedding of the 14 year old couple is a grand affair with lots of gift giving, dancing & jousting to celebrate. - 1536 17 year old Princess Catherine, Duchess of Orleans suddenly becomes the Dauphine of France when her brother in law dies from a fever at the age of 18. By now pressure is building on the young Princess as to when she and Henry will finally have a child. - 1537 Catherine is humiliated in court when Philippa Duci who is one of her husband's mistresses gives birth to a daughter whom Henry publicly claims. Rumors begin to circulate that Henry will divorce Catherine due to her difficulty conceiving. - 1538 Catherine watches painfully as her husband takes as his main mistress her 38 year old cousin Diane de Poitiers; who becomes a major intrusion in Catherine's life. During this time also, Henry and Catherine are trying remedies for getting pregnant and many of them are unpleasant and ineffective; so the couple seeks new advice. - April 1543 23 year old Catherine finally receives the news she had long been praying for, when she discovers she is pregnant at last. - January 19, 1544 11 years and 3 months after her wedding, and after literally trying every trick in the book for getting pregnant the 24 year old Princess finally gives birth to her first child a son: the Dauphin Francis. Unfortunately this happy event does little to improve her unhappy marriage and win her affection from her husband. - July 1544 Thanks to consulting the Court Physician, the couple solves their problem, and Catherine learns she is pregnant for the second time. - April 2, 1545 Catherine gives birth to her first daughter Princess Elisabeth of Valois. - March 31, 1547 King Francis I dies leaving the 28 year old couple as the new King & Queen Consort of France. - July 28, 1547 Henry is crowned King of France in the Reims Cathedral. Catherine is 5 months pregnant at this time. - November 12, 1547 Another daughter, Princess Claude of Valois is born. - February 3, 1549 Prince Louis, Duke of Orleans is born. - June 10, 1549 Catherine is officially crowned Queen Consort of France in the Basilica of St. Denis. She is 30. - June 27, 1550 Prince Charles Maximilian is born. - October 24, 1550 Prince Louis dies from illness when he is 11 months old. - September 19, 1551 Prince Edward Alexander is born - May 14, 1553 Princess Margaret of Valois is born - March 18, 1555 Prince Hercule Francois, Duke of Anjou is born (Name later changed to Francis in honor of his elder brother) - June 24, 1556 the 37 year old Queen gives birth to a set of twin girls; Princess Joanna & Princess Victoria of Valois. When the Queen goes into labor, Joanna is to be born first but dies in utero, and the doctors must break one of her legs to get her out or else Catherine would have bled to death. Victoria is born next and survives. - August 17, 1556 Princess Victoria of Valois dies when she is only 7 weeks old. This pregnancy nearly cost the Queen her life, and because of this the doctors strongly advised her not to try for more children. King Henry ceased to visit his wife's bedchambers when he learned of this and spent all of his time with Diane. - April 24, 1558 The wedding of 14 year old Dauphin Francis & Mary, Queen of Scotland age 15 is celebrated at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. No children are born from this union. - January 19, 1559 the wedding of 11 year old Princess Claude of Valois & Charles, Duke of Lorraine is celebrated. 9 children are born from this happy union. - April 3-4, 1559 The Peace of Chateau-Cambrésis is signed and sealed with the marriage of Princess Elisabeth of Valois to King Phillip II of Spain. - June 22, 1559 The proxy wedding of King Philip II of Spain and Princess Elisabeth of Valois is celebrated. He is 32 and his bride is only 14. The happy couple have 5 children of whom 2 daughters survive infancy. - June 10, 1559 Catherine becomes a widow at 40 when her husband the King dies from septicemia after he is fatally injured in a jousting accident by Gabriel Montgomery. This leaves her eldest son the Dauphin Francis king at the age of 15, with his recent bride Mary, Queen of Scotland as Queen Consort of France. - September 21, 1559 Dauphin Francis is crowned King Francis II of France in the Reims Cathedral by his uncle Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine. - November 1560 Francis' health begins to decline and he suffers a syncope. - December 5, 1560 After only 17 months on the throne Francis is dead at the age of only 16 after suffering complications from an ear infection exacerbated by an abscess. - December 21, 1560 After burying her son, Catherine is named Regent of France by the Privy Council. - May 15, 1561 Catherine’s 10 year old son Charles is crowned as King Charles IX of France in the Reims Cathedral. - October 3, 1568 Elisabeth, Queen Consort of Spain dies from complications of childbirth at the age of only 23. - November 26, 1570 The wedding of King Charles and Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria is celebrated. - October 27, 1572 Catherine's granddaughter: Princess Marie Elisabeth of Valois is born. Charles also has a son:Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême by his mistress Marie Touchet - August 18, 1572 The wedding of Princess Margaret of Valois & Henry III of Navarre is celebrated to unite the Houses of Valois and Bourbon. No children result from this marriage. - August 23-24, 1572 The infamous St. Bartholomew’s day Massacre takes place which was target assassinations & mob violence by the Catholics against the Huguenots during the religious wars of France. This massacre resulted from the Peace of Saint Germaine which ended the third religious war in France, those who were unhappy with the marriage of Margaret to Henry III, and the failed assassination of Admiral de Coligny on August 22, 1572. This event was ordered by King Charles IX and put a dark spot on Catherine’s reputation in France. - May 30, 1574 Catherine loses another child after Charles dies at the age of only 23 from tuberculosis. - February 13, 1575 22 year old Edward Alexander is crowned King Henry III of France following the death of his brother. He was initially King of Poland but abandoned this when he heard of Charles’ death. - February 15, 1575 France celebrates the wedding of their new King to Princess Louise of Lorraine. No children result from this marriage. - February 21, 1575 Claude, Duchess Consort of Lorraine dies following complications from childbirth at the age of 27. - May 6, 1576 Catherine gives in to the Huguenot demands in the Edict of Beaulieu which her youngest son Francis Duke of Anjou forced on the French crown after he allied with Protestant princes against his brother’s crown. - 1582-1585 Catherine cuts her daughter Margaret off, after she has: cheated on her husband, become broke, consistently run away, and begged for money. Margaret is banished from French Court by her brother after becoming an embarrassment and bringing scandal to her family, and she is cut from her mother's will and never sees her again. - June 10, 1584 Francis dies from malaria at the age of only 29 after a failed intervention in the Low Countries during which his army had been massacred. - 1578-1579 Catherine takes on the role of roving diplomat on behalf of her son Henry and embarked on an eighteen-month journey around the south of France to meet Huguenot leaders face to face to avoid war and enforce her son’s authority. Upon her return to Paris she is greeted with new found respect by the French who regard her as an “indefatigable princess, born to tame and govern a people as unruly as the French: they now recognize her merits, her concern for unity and are sorry not to have appreciated her sooner." - January 5, 1589 Catherine de Medici, Queen Consort of France dies at the age of 69 from pleurisy. Those closest to her believed that her life had been shortened by the fact that her son Henry ordered the murder of the Duke of Guise. Catherine was laid to rest beside her husband Henry II, and several of their children in the Basilica of St. Denis in France. - August 2, 1589 Just 8 months after his mother is buried Henry is murdered at the age of 37 by a friar named Jacques Clement.

<urn:uuid:a6b6ce5b-f187-4fd9-a07b-a6da9f356618>

CC-MAIN-2018-30

http://reign-cw.wikia.com/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici_Timeline_(Historical)

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589417.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716174032-20180716194032-00360.warc.gz

en

Slí ama imeachtaí i saol Catherine de 'Medici - 5 Bealtaine, 1518 Lorenzo de Medici, Diúc Urbino pósta Madeleine de La Tour de Auvergne, Contae Boulogne i ngnó mór ag an Chateau de Amboise. - 13 Aibreán, 1519 Níos lú ná bliain tar éis a bpósadh iontach, fáilte a chur roimh Lorenzo agus Madeleine a n-aon leanbh, iníon: Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de Medici i bPoblacht na Flórans, san Iodáil. - 28 Aibreán, 1519 Níos lú ná 2 sheachtain tar éis breith a thabhairt, maireann Madeleine ó fhrith puerperal ag aois 21 bliana amháin. - 4 Bealtaine, 1519 Níos lú ná mí tar éis bháis a mhná, tá Lorenzo marbh ó shifilis nuair nach bhfuil sé ach 26. Fágann sé seo Catherine mar easpaí nuair a bhíonn sí níos lú ná mí d'aois, agus i gcúram a seanmháthair agus a aintíní. - 1527 Tá an teaghlach Medici curtha as oifig nuair a chuirtear léigear i Florence i gcoinne an Phápa Clement VI. Tógtar Catherine 8 mbliana d'aois mar reifreann le linn na hócáide seo agus coinnítear í i ngéibheann i sraith de choinbhinsiúin. - Deireadh Fómhair 1529 Cuireadh trúpaí an Impire Rómaigh Naofa Charles V timpeall ar Florence, agus glaonna ag iarraidh Catherine a bheith faoi cheangal le balla naked, a chur i gcorba crochta ar bhalla ionas gur féidir léi a bheith shooted ar, agus fiú a thabhairt ar na saighdiúirí le haghaidh a gcuid pléisiúir gnéis. - 12 Lúnasa, 1530 Cuirtear Florence faoi chois agus sábhálann an Pápa Clement Cathairín 11 mbliana d'aois ó gabháil. - Aibreán-Samhain 1530 Seol Rí Seumas V na hAlbanéise Diúc Albany go Róimh chun conradh pósta a thabhairt i gcrích idir é féin agus Catherine. - Go luath i 1533 Molann Rí Francis I na Fraince péint idir a mhac Prionsa Henry, Diúc Orleans agus an "Duchess Little" Catherine. Tá an t-Aifreann Clement ag léim ar an tairiscint seo. - 28 Deireadh Fómhair, 1533 Ceiliúrtar bainise an Prionsa Henry, Diúc Orleans & Catherine de Medici, Diúc Urbino san Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins i Marseille. Is mór an ócáid é bainise an lánúin 14 bliana d'aois le go leor bronntanas a thabhairt, damhsa agus jousting chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh. - 1536 An Prionsa Catherine 17 bliain d'aois, Diúcsa Orleans go tobann a bheith ar an Dauphine na Fraince nuair a bháis a deartháir-in-dlí ó fiabhras ag aois 18. Faoi láthair tá brú ag fás ar an bPríonsa óg maidir le cathain a mbeidh leanbh aici agus ag Henry sa deireadh. - 1537 Tá Catherine íosmhéide sa chúirt nuair a thugann Philippa Duci, ceann de leannán a fear céile, breith ar iníon a éilíonn Henry go poiblí. Tosaíonn ráflaí ag scaipeadh go ndéanfaidh Henry colscaradh le Catherine mar gheall ar a deacracht a bheith ag iompar clainne. - 1538 Léiríonn Catherine go pianmhar mar a ghlacann a fear céile mar a phríomh-mhná a 38 bliain d'aois Diane de Poitiers; a éiríonn ina iontráil mhór i saol Catherine. Le linn na tréimhse seo freisin, tá Henry agus Catherine ag triail as leigheasanna chun a bheith torrach agus tá go leor acu míshásta agus neamhéifeachtach; mar sin cuireann an lánúin comhairle nua ar fáil. - Aibreán 1543 Faigheann Catherine 23 bliain d'aois an nuacht a bhí á guí aici le fada, nuair a aimsíonn sí go bhfuil sí ag iompar clainne ar deireadh. - 19 Eanáir, 1544 11 bliain agus 3 mhí tar éis a bainise, agus tar éis dó gach cleas a thriail sa leabhar a thriail chun a bheith torrach tugann an Banphrionsa 24 bliain d'aois breith ar a chéad leanbh sa deireadh: an Dauphin Francis. Ar an drochuair ní dhéanann an ócáid sona seo mórán chun a pósadh míshásta a fheabhsú agus a ngrá a fháil óna fear céile. - Iúil 1544 A bhuíochas leis an gCúrsa Cúrsa a chomhairliú, réitíonn an lánúin a gcuid fadhbanna, agus foghlaimíonn Catherine go bhfuil sí ag iompar clainne den dara huair. - 2 Aibreán, 1545 tugann Catherine breith dá chéad iníon, an Prionsa Elisabeth de Valois. - 31 Márta, 1547 bás Rí Francis I ag fágáil an lánúin 28 bliain d'aois mar an Rí nua & Banríon Consort na Fraince. - 28 Iúil, 1547 Coróinítear Henry mar Rí na Fraince i gCathedral Reims. Tá Catherine 5 mhí torrach ag an am seo. - 12 Samhain, 1547 Tá iníon eile, an Banphrionsa Claude de Valois, rugadh. - 3 Feabhra, 1549 Rugadh an Prionsa Louis, Diúc Orleans. - 10 Meitheamh, 1549 Catarina coróin go hoifigiúil Banríon Consort na Fraince i Basilica Naomh Denis. Tá sí 30. - An 27 Meitheamh, 1550 Rugadh an Prionsa Charles Maximilian. - 24 Deireadh Fómhair, 1550 Faigheann an Prionsa Louis bás ó ghalair nuair a bhíonn sé 11 mí d'aois. - 19 Meán Fómhair, 1551 Is é an Prionsa Edward Alexander a rugadh - 14 Bealtaine, 1553 Rugadh an Banphrionsa Margaret de Valois - 18 Márta, 1555 Rugadh an Prionsa Hercule Francois, Diúc Anjou (D'athraigh an t-ainm ina dhiaidh sin go Francis in onóir a dheartháir níos sine) - 24 Meitheamh, 1556 tugann an Banríon 37 bliain d'aois breith ar lánúin dhúbailte; Banríon Joanna agus Banríon Victoria de Valois. Nuair a théann an Banríon isteach i saothair, is é Joanna a rugadh ar dtús ach a fuair bás sa útar, agus ní mór do na dochtúirí ceann dá cosa a bhriseadh chun í a bhaint amach nó go mbeadh Catherine ag fuil go bás. Rugtar Victoria ina dhiaidh sin agus maireann sí. - 17 Lúnasa, 1556 bás an Banphrionsa Victoria de Valois nuair a bhí sí ach 7 seachtaine d'aois. Chaith an banríon a shaol beagnach ag an toircheas seo, agus mar gheall air seo chuir na dochtúirí comhairle láidir uirthi gan iarracht a dhéanamh ar leanaí eile. D'fhág Rí Henry cuairt a thabhairt ar sheomraí codlata a bhean chéile nuair a d'fhoghlaim sé é seo agus chaith sé a chuid ama go léir le Diane. - 24 Aibreán, 1558 Ceiliúradh ar phósadh Dauphin Francis 14 bliana d'aois agus Mary, Banríon na hAlban 15 bliana d'aois ag Cathedral Notre Dame i bPáras. Ní rugadh aon leanaí as an gcomhlachas seo. - 19 Eanáir, 1559 ceiliúradh an pósadh de 11 bliain d'aois Banphrionsa Claude de Valois & Charles, Diúc Lorraine. Rugadh 9 leanbh as an ngáire sona seo. - 3-4 Aibreán, 1559 Sínítear agus sealaítear Síocháin Chateau-Cambrésis le pósadh an Prionsa Elisabeth de Valois le Rí Philip II na Spáinne. - 22 Meitheamh, 1559 Ceiliúrtar pósadh proxy Rí Philip II na Spáinne agus Banphrionsa Elisabeth de Valois. Tá sé 32 agus tá a bhean chéile ach 14. Tá 5 leanbh ag an lánúin sona, agus maireann 2 iníon acu ar an mbia. - 10 Meitheamh, 1559: D'éirigh Catherine ina wean ag 40 nuair a fuair a fear céile, an Rí, bás ó seipticéim tar éis dó a bheith gortaithe go marbhtach i dtimpiste ag Gabriel Montgomery. Fágann sé seo a mac is sine an Dauphin Francis rí ag aois 15, lena bhean chéile le déanaí Mary, Banríon na hAlban mar Banríon Consort na Fraince. - 21 Meán Fómhair, 1559 Coróiníonn Dauphin Francis Rí Francis II na Fraince i gCathedral Reims ag a uncail Charles, Cairdínéal Lorraine. - Samhain 1560 Tosaíonn sláinte Francis ag titim agus bíonn syncope air. - 5 Nollaig, 1560 Tar éis 17 mhí ar an ríchathaoir, fuair Francis bás ag aois 16 bliana amháin tar éis dó deacrachtaí a bheith aige ó ionfhabhtú cluaise a bhí ag méadú le abscess. - 21 Nollaig, 1560 Tar éis a mac a adhlacadh, ainmníonn an Chomhairle Príobháideach Catherine mar Rialtóir na Fraince. - 15 Bealtaine, 1561 Coróinítear mac 10 mbliana d'aois Catherine, Charles, mar Rí Charles IX na Fraince i gCathedral Reims. - 3 Deireadh Fómhair, 1568 Elisabeth, Banríon Consort na Spáinne bás ó deacrachtaí a rugadh ag aois ach 23. - 26 Samhain, 1570 Ceiliúrtar pósadh an Rí Charles agus Archdúchasa Elisabeth na hOstaire. - 27 Deireadh Fómhair, 1572 Rugadh granddaughter Catherine: Princess Marie Elisabeth of Valois. Tá mac ag Charles freisin: Charles de Valois, Diúc Angoulême lena leannán Marie Touchet - 18 Lúnasa, 1572 Ceiliúrtar pósadh na Banphrionsa Margaret de Valois & Henry III de Navarre chun na Tithe Valois agus Bourbon a aontú. Ní thagann aon leanaí as an bpósadh seo. - 23-24 Lúnasa, 1572 Tharla an Murtlach mí-chláraithe Lá Naomh Bartolomeach a bhí mar sprioc-mharú & foréigean slua ag na Caitlicigh i gcoinne na Huguenots le linn chogaí reiligiúnacha na Fraince. Ba é an masc seo toradh Síocháin Naomh Germaine a chuir deireadh leis an tríú cogadh reiligiúnach sa Fhrainc, iad siúd a bhí míshásta le pósadh Margaret le Henry III, agus dúnmharú éagórach an Admiral de Coligny ar 22 Lúnasa, 1572. D'ordaigh an Rí Charles IX an ócáid seo agus chuir sé spota dorcha ar cháil Catherine sa Fhrainc. - 30 Bealtaine, 1574 Cailleann Catherine leanbh eile tar éis do Charles bás a fháil ag aois 23 bliana amháin ó thús fhulanga. - 13 Feabhra, 1575 Coróin Edward Alexander 22 bliain d'aois Rí Henry III na Fraince tar éis bháis a dheartháir. Bhí sé ina Rí na Polainne ar dtús ach thréig sé é seo nuair a chuala sé go raibh bás Charles. - 15 Feabhra, 1575 an Fhrainc ceiliúradh ar an pósadh a n-rí nua a Princess Louise de Lorraine. Ní thagann aon leanaí as an bpósadh seo. - 21 Feabhra, 1575 Claude, Diúcacht Conchort Lorraine bás tar éis deacrachtaí ó bhreith ag aois 27. - 6 Bealtaine, 1576 tugann Catherine isteach ar éilimh na Huguenot in Edict Beaulieu a chuir a mac is óige Francis, Diúc Anjou, ar choróin na Fraince tar éis dó a bheith i gcomhghuaillíocht le prionsaí Protastúnach i gcoinne choróin a dheartháir. - 1582-1585 Ceannaíonn Catherine a hiníon Margaret, tar éis di: a fear céile a cheat, a bheith briste, rith go comhsheasmhach, agus a iarraidh ar airgead. Tá Margaret dícheadaithe ó Chúirt na Fraince ag a deartháir tar éis di a bheith ina náire agus scandal a thabhairt dá teaghlach, agus tá sí gearradh ó thoil a máthar agus ní fheiceann sí í arís. - 10 Meitheamh, 1584 Faigheann Francis bás ó mhalaria ag aois 29 bliana d'aois tar éis idirghabháil theipthe sna Tír Theas inar maraíodh a chuid arm. - 1578-1579 Ghlac Catherine ról an taidhleoireachta ar son a mac Henry agus chuir sí tús le turas ocht mbliana déag timpeall theas na Fraince chun bualadh le ceannairí Huguenot duine le duine chun cogadh a sheachaint agus údarás a mac a fhorfheidhmiú. Nuair a thagann sí ar ais go Páras, glacann na Fraince léi le meas nua a fuair siad uirthi mar prinséise gan dídean, a rugadh chun daoine a bheith chomh neamhrialta agus na Fraince a mhaolú agus a rialú: aithníonn siad anois a luachanna, a imní maidir le haontas agus tá brón orthu nár thaitneodh léi níos luaithe. " - 5 Eanáir, 1589 Catherine de Medici, Banríon Consort na Fraince bás ag aois 69 ó pleurisy. Chreid na daoine is gaire di go raibh a saol gearrta leis an bhfíric gur ordaigh a mac Henry dúnmharú Diúc Guise. Cuireadh Catherine chun scíthe in aice lena fear céile Henry II, agus roinnt dá gcuid leanaí i mBasilica Naomh Denis sa Fhrainc. - 2 Lúnasa, 1589 díreach 8 mhí tar éis a mháthair a adhlacadh, d'éag Henry ag aois 37 ag friar ar a dtugtar Jacques Clement.

ALTITUD SICKNESS IN CUSCO Posted on : 29 March 2019 WHAT IS ALTITUDE SICKNESS The altitude sickness or called soroche, is the lack of adaptation of the organism to the hypoxia (lack of oxygen) to the altitude. The severity of the disorder is directly related to the speed of ascent and the altitude reached. These symptoms usually disappear when you descend to lower levels. besides that it normally occurs from 2,400 meters of altitude, to the so-called area of death at 7,500 meters of altitude. The main cause of this affliction is hypoxia (lack of oxygen in the body). The atmospheric pressure decreases with the altitude, which affects the bioavailability of oxygen, since the pulmonary alveoli are not able to transport the same amount of oxygen to the blood as in a situation of higher pressure. CAUSES OF ALTITUDE SICKNESS The amount of oxygen available to sustain mental and psychological attention decreases as altitude increases. The availability of oxygen and nitrogen, as well as the density, decrease as the altitude increases. Dehydration due to an accelerated loss of water in the form of vapor due to altitude can contribute to the symptoms of altitude sickness. The rapidity with which one ascends, the initial height, the physical activity, as well as the individual susceptibility are factors that contribute to this malaise. However, in extreme cases, altitude sickness can be fatal. SYMPTOMS OF ALTITUDE SICKNESS - Headache (headache) - Nausea and vomiting. - Lack of appetite. - Diarrhea or constipation - Difficulty breathing - Heart racing - Physical exhaustion. - Sleep disorders, which may be either drowsiness or insomnia. Episodes of sudden nocturnal dyspnea (waking up suddenly with a feeling of suffocation) due to the so-called Cheyne-Stokes breathing during sleep may also occur. - The most severe forms of altitude sickness are rare but can be very serious. High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) happens when there’s excess fluid on the lungs, causing breathlessness, high fever and coughing up frothy fluid. High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) happens when there’s fluid on the brain, causing severe confusion, clumsiness or strange behavior that can include violence. Both conditions can be fatal within hours and while these two forms of altitude sickness are unlikely, if you begin to feel truly awful, play it safe and head to the nearest hospital or get yourself down to a lower elevation as soon as possible. HOW TO PREVENT THE ALTITUDE SICKNESS; ACCLIMATIZATION Good physical shape or physical preparation, however excellent these may be, do not prevent the altitude sickness at all. This can occur at elevations as low as 2,500 meters above sea level and it is known that the susceptibility to suffer it is inversely proportional to the age of the person, probably due to the maturity of the nervous system. Most importantly, you can use drugs to prevent altitude sickness, but the progressively adapt to altitude hypoxia through a process called acclimatization is better. It is very important to bear in mind that, despite following a calendar of acclimatization scrupulously, altitude sickness can occur at any time. It is also very important to stay perfectly hydrated (drink at least three to four liters of water daily) and a varied diet rich in carbohydrates. WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF ALTITUDE SICKNESS - Dont keep going up - Go low as soon as you can - Take it easy and rest - Keep drinking enough water - Try some local medicine - You can try with sorochipill - If the simptoms persist, get to the nearest hospital In high-altitude conditions, oxygen enrichment can counteract the hypoxia related effects of altitude sickness. A small amount of supplemental oxygen reduces the equivalent altitude in climate-controlled rooms. At 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) Stationary oxygen concentrators typically use PSA technology, which has performance degradations at the lower barometric pressures at high altitudes. HOW TO PREVENT ALTITUDE SICKNESS IN CUSCO AND MACHU PICCHU 8 ways to prevent altitude sickness in Cusco and Machu Picchu BEFORE LEAVINNG HOUSE In the U.S., Diamox (generic name: acetazolamide) is a prescription drug often used to treat glaucoma; however, it can also treat altitude sickness. You need to take it 24 hours before arriving in Cusco, though, and a side effect of the drug is that you’ll probably need to pee more frequently. Bring chlorophyll drops. (Yep, chlorophyll as in the green stuff from plants.) The idea behind this natural treatment is that the chlorophyll may increase the amount of red blood cells in your system. ONCE YOU ARRIVE TO CUSCO Drink lots of water. This does not alleviate altitude sickness exactly, but sometimes it’s hard to tell the difference between altitude sickness and dehydration, and high elevations tend to be very dry, meaning you need more water for proper hydration. Drink coca tea. You will find it everywhere in Cusco. Coca leaves alone are not potent enough to be anything near to resembling the illegal drug; so yes, it’s totally safe to drink coca tea. However, don’t drink more than four or five cups, or else you could suffer heart palpitations. Many people claim it’s a gimmick. Yes, it contains real oxygen, but it’s such a small amount that it probably will have no effect on you. Your best bet is to go to a hotel or hospital that has real tanks of oxygen. Avoid alcohol. (optional, lol) Certain studies show that the effects of alcohol are enhanced at high altitude (You get drunk more easily). You can do it!!, wait the pisco sour until you are done with all your tours Take it easy. This is seriously the easiest—and most ignored—piece of advice for avoiding altitude sickness. Remember, your body is trying to get accustomed to the lower amount of oxygen it’s getting; therefore it is of utmost importance that you take it easy the first few days you are in Cusco. Take deep breaths. Again, your body is trying to get oxygen, but there is less of it available in each breath. So take deep breaths to try to get more air in.

<urn:uuid:97550ca9-d978-486b-b956-f58accac9cd2>

CC-MAIN-2021-17

https://www.pptoursperu.com/altitud-sickness-in-cusco/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039604430.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210422191215-20210422221215-00332.warc.gz

en

BREACADH ALTITUD IN CUSCO Postáilte ar: 29 Márta 2019 CÉ AR FÉIDIR SAGRAÍCH TÍ ar Uachtart Is é an tinneas airde nó ar a dtugtar soroche, easpa oiriúnaithe an choirp don hypoxia (easpa ocsaigine) don airde. Tá an tromchúis atá leis an neamhoird bainteach go díreach leis an luas a bhíonn ag an gcruinniú agus leis an airde a shroichtear. De ghnáth, imíonn na hairíonna seo nuair a théann tú síos go leibhéil níos ísle. Chomh maith leis sin go dtarlaíonn sé de ghnáth ó 2,400 méadar ar airde, go dtí an limistéar mar a thugtar air bás ag 7,500 méadar ar airde. Is é hypoxia (easpa ocsaigine sa chorp) an phríomhchúis leis an ngalar seo. Laghdaíonn an brú atmaisféarúil leis an airde, rud a théann i bhfeidhm ar bith-infhaighteacht ocsaigine, ós rud é nach bhfuil na alveolaí pluiméireachta in ann an méid céanna ocsaigine a iompar chuig an fhuil mar a bheadh i gcás brú níos airde. CAÍLLEANNA DE GHAGHAGHAIR ALTITUDE Laghdaíonn méid an ocsaigine atá ar fáil chun aird mheabhrach agus síceolaíoch a chothú de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an airde. Laghdaíonn infhaighteacht ocsaigine agus nítrigine, chomh maith leis an dlús, de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an airde. Is féidir le díhiodráitiú mar gheall ar chailliúint luatha uisce i bhfoirm gaile mar gheall ar airde cur le hairíonna tinneas airde. Is iad na fachtóirí a chuireann leis an míshástacht seo ná an luas a dtéann duine suas, an airde tosaigh, an ghníomhaíocht fhisiceach, chomh maith leis an ngá atá ag an duine leis an ngá sin. I gcásanna iomarcacha, áfach, is féidir go mbeadh an tinneas airde marfach. SEIMPÓINTÍ D'OGLAIS TÍ ag ÉARAS - Headache (headache) - Nausea agus vomiting. - Easpa appetite. - Díreach nó constipation - Díchumas a chaitheamh - Heart rásaíocht - Éadóchas fisiciúil. - Athruithe codlata, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina chodladh nó ina insomnia. D'fhéadfadh eipeasóid de dyspnea oíche tobann (a bheith ag éirí suas go tobann le mothú suffocation) mar gheall ar an rud ar a dtugtar an Cheyne-Stokes a chaitheamh le linn codlata a bheith ann freisin. - Tá na foirmeacha is déine de ghalar airde annamh ach d'fhéadfadh siad a bheith an-tromchúiseach. Tarlaíonn edema scamhóige ard (HAPE) nuair a bhíonn iomarca leachta ar na scamhóige, rud a fhágann go mbíonn anafas, teas ard agus leachta scamhóige ag coughadh suas. Tarlaíonn edema ceirbeach ard-ardtair (HACE) nuair a bhíonn sreabhach ar an inchinn, rud a fhágann go bhfuil mearbhall, clumsiness nó iompar aisteach ann a d'fhéadfadh foréigean a bheith san áireamh. Is féidir leis an dá riocht a bheith marbhtach laistigh de uaireanta an chloig agus cé nach dócha go mbeidh an dá chineál seo de ghalar airde, má thosaíonn tú ag mothú go fírinneach uafásach, imríonn sé sábháilte agus téigh go dtí an ospidéal is gaire nó téigh tú féin go airde níos ísle a luaithe is féidir. CÁ MÓR A CHÓINNÍON A BHEACHAIR TITHE; ACHTIMÍUÍ Ní chuireann dea-chomhlacht fisiciúil ná ullmhúchán fisiciúil, cé chomh iontach is a d'fhéadfadh a bheith, cosc ar an breoiteacht airde ar chor ar bith. Is féidir é seo a bheith ag ardú chomh híseal le 2,500 méadar os cionn leibhéal na farraige agus tá a fhios go bhfuil an seans go dtarlóidh sé go hiondúil le haois an duine, is dócha mar gheall ar aibíocht an chórais néarógach. Is é an rud is tábhachtaí, is féidir leat drugaí a úsáid chun tinnis airde a chosc, ach is fearr an t-oiriúnú go comhleanúnach do hypoxia airde trí phróiseas ar a dtugtar acclimatization. Tá sé an-tábhachtach a choinneáil i gcuimhne, cé go leanann tú go cúramach féilire na n-aicmíochta, gur féidir tinnis airde a bheith ann ag am ar bith. Tá sé an-tábhachtach freisin go bhfanfaidh tú go hiomlán hidrithe (d'ól tú trí go ceithre lítear uisce ar a laghad in aghaidh an lae) agus go mbeidh aiste bia éagsúil agat atá saibhir i gcarbaihiodráití. Cad is féidir a dhéanamh i gcás galar altitude - Ná coinnigh ag dul suas - Téigh íseal chomh luath agus is féidir leat - Glac sé go réidh agus a chur ar feadh - Coinnigh go leor uisce á ól - Bain triail as leigheas áitiúil - Is féidir leat triail a bhaint as sorochipill - Má leanann na hairíonna ar aghaidh, téigh go dtí an t- ospidéal is gaire I ndálaí ard-ardtair, is féidir le saibhriú ocsaigine dul i ngleic leis na héifeachtaí hypoxia a bhaineann le tinneas airde. Laghdaíonn méid beag ocsaigine forlíontach an airde coibhéiseach i seomraí aeráide rialaithe. Ag 3,400 méadar (11,200 troigh) Is gnách go n-úsáideann tiúchanóirí ocsaigine seasmhacha teicneolaíocht PSA, a bhfuil meathanna feidhmíochta ag na brúí báireamaitríche níos ísle ag airde ard. Conas an galar a chosc i CUSCO agus MACHU PICCHU 8 bhealach chun tinnis airde a chosc i Cusco agus Machu Picchu ANTÓ D'ÉIGHEADH TIGHE Sna Stáit Aontaithe, is druga oideas é Diamox (ainm ghinearálta: acetazolamide) a úsáidtear go minic chun glaucoma a chóireáil; áfach, is féidir leis tinneas airde a chóireáil freisin. Ní mór duit é a ghlacadh 24 uair an chloig sula sroicheann tú Cusco, áfach, agus fo-iarsmaí an druga go bhfuil tú is dócha go mbeidh gá a pee níos minice. Tabhair titim chlóróifíl. (Yep, clorofil mar atá sa ábhar glas ó phlandaí.) Is é an smaoineamh atá taobh thiar den chóireáil nádúrtha seo ná go bhféadfadh an clóróifíl méid na gcealla dearga fola i do chóras a mhéadú. ACHTÉ A THÉIGH tú go CUSCO Ól go leor uisce. Ní mhaolann sé seo tinnis na háite go díreach, ach uaireanta bíonn sé deacair an difríocht idir tinnis na háite agus díhiodráitiú a insint, agus bíonn na háiseanna ard i bhfad níos tirim, rud a chiallaíonn go dteastaíonn níos mó uisce uait chun hidrigheacht ceart a fháil. Ól tae coca. Gheobhaidh tú é i ngach áit i Cusco. Níl duilleoga cóca féin láidir go leor chun a bheith cosúil leis an druga neamhdhleathach; mar sin tá, tá sé sábháilte go hiomlán tae cóca a ól. Ach ná ól níos mó ná ceithre nó cúig chnapán, nó d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh pailtí croí ort. Deir go leor daoine gur gimmick é. Sea, tá ocsaigin fíor ann, ach tá sé chomh beag sin is dócha nach mbeidh aon éifeacht aige ort. Is é do geall is fearr dul chuig óstán nó ospidéal a bhfuil buidéal fíor ocsaigin. Seachain alcól. (roghnach, lol) Léiríonn staidéir áirithe go bhfuil éifeachtaí alcóil ag méadú ag airde ard (Tá tú ag ól níos éasca). Is féidir leat é a dhéanamh! !, fanacht ar an pisco sour go dtí go bhfuil tú ag déanamh le do chuid turais Tóg sé go mall. Is é seo go mór an chuid is éasca agus is mó neamhaird ar an gcuid comhairle chun tinnis airde a sheachaint. Cuimhnigh, tá do chorp ag iarraidh dul i dtaithí ar an méid níos lú ocsaigine atá á fháil aige; dá bhrí sin tá sé thar a bheith tábhachtach go dtógfaidh tú go réidh na chéad chúpla lá a bheidh tú i Cusco. Glac anailís domhain. Arís, tá do chorp ag iarraidh ocsaigin a fháil, ach tá níos lú de ar fáil i ngach anailís. Mar sin, tógáil anailís domhain chun iarracht a dhéanamh níos mó aeir a fháil isteach.

( Originally Published 1918 ) Composition and food value. How to make tough cuts of meat palatable. Pork drops with fried apples. Beef or mutton stew with. vegetables and dumplings. Rabbit stew. Bacon. Meats are rich in protein and usually in fats, Lut are lacking in the carbohydrates. They build up the muscular tissue, furnish heat and energy, are more stimulating and s strengthening than any other fool and satisfy hunger for a greater length of time. For the most part, meats are a very expensive food. One cannot perform more labour by the use of a meat diet than on a diet of veetable foods. Those who use large quantities of meat suffer from many disturbances of the system. Hence it should form a very small part of the diet. The cuts of meat that come from those portions of the animal's body that are much exercised are tough, owing to the development of the connective tissues, but they contain a high percentage of nutrition. For the same reason, the moat from older animals is apt to be tough. The flesh of chickens, turkeys, and other fowls is very nutritious and is easily digested if not too fat. The flavour of meats is developed by cooking. Dry heat develops the best flavour, hence the tender cuts are cooked by the processes known as broiling and roasting. Tough cuts of meat require long, slow cooking in moist heat, hence they are prepared in the form of stews and pot roasts or are used in meat soups. After the teacher has found out what meats are used in the homes or what the school can afford to use, she should determine upon a method of cooking that will make the meat palatable, digestible, and attractive. If it can be prepared as a stew she should use a recipe in which vegetables are also used and, if possible, have dumplings prepared to serve with the meat, as a review of the lesson on batters. Beef or Mutton Stew 2 1b. beef or mutton 3/4 c. carrot cut in dice 1 qt. water 4 potatoes cut in 1/2 inch slices Salt, pepper, flour to dredge 1 tsp. salt 1 onion, cut in slices 1/4 tsp. pepper 1/2 c. turnip cut in dice 1/2 c. flour 1/4 c. cold water Remove the fat and cut the meat into 1-inch pieces. Reserve half of the best pieces of meat, put the rest of the meat and the bone into cold water, soak for one hour, then heat until it bubbles. Season half the raw meat, and roll it in the flour, melt the fat in a frying-pan, remove the scraps, brown the sliced onion and then the floured meat in the hot fat, add both to the stew, and cook for 2 hours at a low temperature. To this add the vegetables and cook % hour; then add the flour and seasonings, which have been nixed with one-half cup of cold water, and cook for 1/2 hour longer, until the meat and vegetables are tender. Remove the bone from the stew and serve. Serves six to eight. If beef and mutton are not commonly used and are not readily obtainable, but rabbit can be secured, substitute rabbit for beef in the stew. After the rabbit has been thoroughly cleaned, cut up in eight pieces (four leg and four body pieces), season. and dredge with flour, brown in the fat, and proceed as with Beef Stew. 2 c. flour 1/2 tsp. salt 4 tsp. baking-powder 2 tbsp. fat (lard or butter) 3/4 c. milk or water (about) Sift, the dry ingredients together, cut in the butter, and add the milk gradually, to make a soft dough. Roll out on a floured board, cut with a biscuit cutter, lay on top of meat in a stew pan (they should not. sink into the liquid), cover the kettle closely, keep the stew boiling, and cook the dumplings for 10 minutes without removing the lid. (Do not put the dumplings in to cook until the meat is tender.) NOTE.— If desired, the rolling may be eliminated and, after mixing, the dough may be dropped by spoonfuls into the stew. To Cook Bacon Place thin slices of bacon from which the rind has been removed in a hot frying-pan, and pour off the fat as fast as it melts. Cook until the bacon is crisp and brown, turning frequently. Another method of cooking is to lay the bacon on a rack in a baking-pan and bake in a hot oven until crisp and brown. Wipe the chops with a clamp cloth, and place in a hot frying-pan. Turn frequently at first and cook slowly until well browned on each side. Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Wash and core the apples and slice to the centre. Roll in flour if very juicy. After the chops have been removed from the pan, lay the apples in and cook till tender. Serve around the chops. METHOD OF WORK If the meat is to require two or three hours cooking, arrange to have the lesson divided and given at two periods through the day. Half an hour before opening the morning session or a portion of the morning or noun recess may he sufficient time to put the meat on to cook and to prepare the vegetables. When the second class period is called, the vegetables should he added to the partially cooked meat and the dumplings should be made. It would be well to serve the completed dish at the lunch period. There should be as much discussion regarding the kinds of meat, their food value, and the methods of cooking as time permits: but it may be necessary to complete this discussion at some other class period. Should it be possible for the teacher to give additional lessons on meat, it. might he well to devote one lesson to the preparation and cooking of poultry, directions for which may be secured from any reliable cook-book. Household Science in Rural Schools: The Value Of Carbohydrates In The Diet Fruits And Vegetables The Planning And Serving Of Meals Eggs And Egg Preparation Simple Desserts - Custards Batters And Doughs Read More Articles About: Household Science in Rural Schools

<urn:uuid:3db2134e-6eeb-48ec-b432-b035b32266c0>

CC-MAIN-2015-22

http://www.oldandsold.com/books/household-science/household-science-30.shtml

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929096.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00323-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

(Ar foilsíodh ar dtús i 1918) Comhdhéanamh agus luach bia. Conas gearradh crua feola a dhéanamh blastach. Titeann muiceoil le h-uibheacha friochta. Beef nó stew muiceoil leis. glasraí agus dumplings. Stew coinín. Bacon. Tá feoil saibhir i bpróitéin agus de ghnáth saille, Lut tá easpa sa carbaihiodráití. Tógann siad an fíochán matáin, a sholáthar teas agus fuinneamh, tá níos mó spreagúil agus neartú ná aon amadán eile agus a shásamh ocras ar feadh tréimhse níos faide. I bhformhór na gcásanna, is bia an-daor é feoil. Ní féidir le duine níos mó saothair a dhéanamh trí aiste bia feola a úsáid ná ar aiste bia bia bia veetable. An dream a itheann méideanna móra feola fhulaingíonn siad ó go leor suaitheadh an chórais. Dá bhrí sin ba chóir go mbeadh cuid an-bheag den aiste bia ann. Tá na gearradh feola a thagann ó na codanna sin de chorp an ainmhí a bhfuil go leor aclaíochta orthu crua, mar gheall ar fhorbairt na fíocháin nasctha, ach tá céatadán ard cothaithe acu. Ar an gcúis chéanna, is dócha go mbeidh an t-eireaball ó ainmhithe níos sine crua. Tá feoil na sicín, na dturcaí, agus na n-eulchra eile an-chothaitheach agus is furasta í a dhíleá mura bhfuil an iomarca saille ann. Déantar blas na bhfeoil a fhorbairt trí chócaireacht. Déantar an blas is fearr a fhorbairt ag teas tirim, dá bhrí sin déantar na gearradh tairisceana a chócaráil trí na próisis ar a dtugtar grilling agus roasting. Éilíonn gearradh crua feola cócaireacht fhada, mall i teas taise, dá bhrí sin ullmhaítear iad i bhfoirm stews agus róstaí pota nó úsáidtear iad i mbabhlaí feola. Tar éis don mhúinteoir a fháil amach cén cineál feola a úsáidtear sa bhaile nó an cineál feola a d'fhéadfadh an scoil a úsáid, ba cheart di cinneadh a dhéanamh ar mhodh cócaireachta a dhéanfaidh an fheoil blastach, díleáite agus tarraingteach. Más féidir é a ullmhú mar stew ba chóir di oideas a úsáid ina n-úsáidtear glasraí freisin agus, más féidir, a bheith ag ullmhú dumplings chun freastal ar an fheoil, mar athbhreithniú ar an ceacht ar na batters. Stew Beef nó Sheep 21b. feoil nó muiceoil 3/4 c. carrot gearrtha i dís 1 qt. uisce 4 prátaí gearrtha i sliceanna 1/2 orlach Salann, piobar, plúr a dhraenáil 1 tsp. salann 1 oinniún, gearrtha i sliceanna 1/4 tsp. piobar 1/2 c. turnip gearrtha i dísle 1/2 c. plúr 1/4 c. uisce fuar Tóg an saille agus gearradh an fheoil i phíosaí 1-orlach. Cuir leath na gcodanna feola is fearr ar leataobh, cuir an chuid eile den fheoil agus an chnámh i uisce fuar, cuir i dtaisce ar feadh uair an chloig, agus ansin téigh go dtí go mblaiseadh. Saison leath an fheoil amh, agus rolladh é sa phláinéid, leá an saille i bpan friochta, a bhaint as an scraps, donn an oinniún sliceáilte agus ansin an fheoil plúr sa saille te, cuir an dá ar an stew, agus cócaireacht ar feadh 2 uair an chloig ar teocht íseal. Cuir na glasraí leis seo agus cócaireacht % uair an chloig; ansin cuir an plúr agus na séasúir, a ndearnadh a nixed le leath cupán uisce fuar, agus cócaireacht ar feadh 1/2 uair an chloig níos faide, go dtí go mbeidh an fheoil agus na glasraí tairisceana. Tóg an cnámh as an stew agus tabhair. Seirbheáil sé go ocht. Mura n-úsáidtear mairteola agus mairteola caorach go coitianta agus mura bhfuil siad inrochtana go héasca, ach is féidir coinín a fháil, cuir coinín in ionad mairteola sa stew. Tar éis an coinín a ghlanadh go maith, é a ghearradh ina ocht gcodanna (ceithre chos agus ceithre phíosa comhlacht), a séasúrú. agus dredge le plúr, donn sa saille, agus lean ar aghaidh mar a bhí le Beef Stew. 2 c. plúr 1/2 tsp. salann 4 tsp. púdar bácála 2 tbsp. saill (laird nó bóthar) 3/4 c. bainne nó uisce (thart ar) Sift, na comhábhair thirim le chéile, a ghearradh sa bhoirt, agus cuir an bainne de réir a chéile, chun taos bog a dhéanamh. Rolla amach ar bord plúr, gearradh le gearradh biscuit, a leagan ar bharr feola i bpanna stew (ní ba chóir dóibh. Cuir an t-eagrán i gcodanna eile, agus cuir an t-eagrán i gcodanna eile. (Ná cuir na dumplings i gcodladh go dtí go mbeidh an fheoil tairisceana.) Nóta: Más mian leat, is féidir an rollaíocht a sheachaint agus, tar éis an taos a mheascadh, is féidir an taos a thit i gcosán isteach sa stew. Chun Bacon Cook Cuir sliceanna tanaí de bhéacún as a bhfuil an craiceann a bhaint as i bpána friochta te, agus tuirling amach an saill chomh tapa agus a leáann sé. Cócaireacht go dtí go mbeidh an bacon croise agus donn, ag casadh go minic. Bealach eile chun an bacon a chócaráil ná é a chur ar raca i bpána agus é a bhácáil in oigheann te go dtí go mbeidh sé crónach agus donn. Glan na coilíní le clúdach clamp, agus cuir i bpána-fritte te. Tarraing go minic ar dtús agus cócaireacht go mall go dtí go bhfuil sé go maith ar gach taobh. Sprinkle le salann agus piobar. Nigh agus croí na h-uibheacha agus sliceáil go lár. Rollaigh sa phláin, má tá sé an-suimiúil. Tar éis na coil a bhaint as an bpá, cuir na h-uibheacha isteach agus cócaireacht go dtí go bhfuil siad tairisceana. Seirbheáil timpeall na chops. METHÓD OIBHCHÁIL Má tá an fheoil ag teastáil dhá nó trí uair an chloig chun cócaireacht, déan socrú go ndéanfar an ceacht a roinnt agus a thabhairt ag dhá thréimhse i rith an lae. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh leathuair an chloig roimh thosach seisiúin na maidine nó cuid den mhaidin nó den chúrsa scoir go leor ama chun an fheoil a chur ar fáil chun cócaireacht a dhéanamh agus na glasraí a ullmhú. Nuair a ghlaoitear ar an dara tréimhse ranga, ba cheart na glasraí a chur leis an fheoil atá cócaráilte go páirteach agus ba cheart na dumplings a dhéanamh. Bheadh sé go maith an mhias críochnaithe a sheirbheáil ag an am lóin. Ba chóir go mbeadh an oiread plé a dhéanamh maidir le cineálacha feola, a luach bia, agus na modhanna cócaireachta agus a cheadaíonn an t-am: ach b'fhéidir go mbeidh sé riachtanach an plé seo a chríochnú ag tréimhse eile sa rang. Ba cheart go mbeadh sé indéanta don mhúinteoir ceachtanna breise a thabhairt ar fheoil, é. d'fhéadfadh sé go maith chun a chaitheamh le ceacht amháin ar an ullmhú agus cócaireacht de thír éan, treoracha a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ar fáil ó aon leabhar cócaireachta iontaofa. Eolaíocht Tithe i Scoileanna Tuaithe: An Luach atá ag Carbaihiodráití sa Chothú torthaí agus glasraí Pleanáil agus Seirbheáil Bia Uibheacha agus Uibheacha a ullmhú Dhéascáin Shimplí - Custach Batters agus Doughs Read More Articles About: Eolaíocht an Tí i Scoileanna Tuaithe

The shadow biosphere is a relatively obscure hypothesis, so far removed from mainstream science that few people outside the field of astrobiology are even aware of its existence. But with today’s NASA astrobiology press conference, this hypothesis has found itself under the spotlight of intense speculation. The shadow biosphere is a hypothetical Earth-based life-supporting system made up of “weird” life—microorganisms of extremely unusual biochemical nature that may be alive but not recognized as being so. Also known as nonstandard life, these peculiar theoretical life-forms would have extraordinary features, including a type of RNA or DNA that is built, for example, not from a phosphate backbone but from a molecule containing arsenic. There are many examples of extreme forms of life on Earth. Scientists call these organisms extremophiles, to distinguish them from organisms that live within the environmental conditions tolerated by most other life. Despite their extraordinarily unique molecular and biochemical properties, however, extremophiles still require phosphorus—a trait that they have in common with all other life on Earth. Phosphorus not only forms the backbone of both RNA and DNA but is also a central component of ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy molecule of cells. But the recent discovery of arsenic-eating bacteria has challenged the idea that phosphorus is a prerequisite for life on Earth. A new report published in the journal Science describes these bacteria, which were found in the mud of Mono Lake, a body of water lying just to the east of Yosemite in California that is known for its unusually high concentrations of arsenic. The lake receives the arsenic in the runoff of nearby rocks that are abundant in arsenic minerals. These unusual bacteria appear to incorporate arsenic into the various biochemical components of their cells, such that the element can be detected by mass spectrometry in proteins, lipids, and genetic material extruded from the bacteria. However, more work is needed to determine whether the bacteria’s DNA is actually made up of an arsenic-based backbone. If it is, then the bacterium is definitely a form of weird life. One of the key implications of the shadow biosphere hypothesis is the idea that life on Earth could have originated more than once. And while the existence of a bacterium built from arsenic-DNA or that uses arsenic-based energy molecules rather than ATP would not necessarily prove that life on Earth originated multiple times, it would force a reevaluation of the way we currently define life. Photo credit: Gary718/Shutterstock.com

<urn:uuid:605198a6-f9d6-4af5-ac64-d0ba223264e5>

CC-MAIN-2015-22

http://blogs.britannica.com/2010/12/in-shadow-the-other-realm-of-life-on-earth

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929012.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00271-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Is hipitéis réasúnta dorcha é an bithsféar scáth, atá chomh fada ó eolaíocht phríomhshrutha go bhfuil a fhios ag cúpla duine lasmuigh de réimse an astrobiology go bhfuil sé ann. Ach le preas-choinbhinsiún astrobiology NASA inniu, tá an hipitéis seo tar éis é féin a aimsiú faoi spéaclaíocht dian. Is córas maireachtála a bhfuil tacaíocht aige do shaol ar bhonn na Talún é an bithsféar scáth, atá comhdhéanta de beag saol miocrógansaíomhan de chineál bithcheimiceach an-neamhghnách a d'fhéadfadh a bheith beo ach nach aithnítear mar sin. Ar a dtugtar saol neamhchaighdeánach freisin, bheadh gnéithe neamhghnách ag na foirmeacha beatha teoiriciúla uathúla seo, lena n-áirítear cineál RNA nó DNA atá tógtha, mar shampla, ní ó chnámh cnámh fosfáite ach ó mhóilín ina bhfuil arsenaic. Tá go leor samplaí de fhoirmeacha iomarcacha saoil ar an Domhan. Glaoíonn eolaithe ar na heintitis seo extremophiles, chun iad a idirdhealú ó na heintitis a chónaíonn laistigh de na coinníollacha comhshaoil a fhulaingíonn an chuid is mó den saol eile. In ainneoin a n-airíonna móilíneacha agus bithcheimiceacha uathúil, áfach, teastaíonn fosfar ó extremophiles fós - tréith atá acu i gcoitinne le gach saol eile ar an Domhan. Ní hamháin go bhfuil fosfar mar chnámh cnámh an RNA agus an DNA ach tá sé ina chomhpháirt lárnach de ATP, nó triphosphate adenosine, is é sin móilín fuinnimh na gcealla. Ach tá an fionnachtadh le déanaí baictéir arsenic-eating dúshlán an smaoineamh go bhfuil fosfar é réamhriachtanas do shaol ar an Domhan. Déanann tuarascáil nua a foilsíodh sa iris Science cur síos ar na baictéir seo, a fuarthas i mblaod Loch Mono, corp uisce atá suite díreach soir ó Yosemite i California agus atá ar eolas mar gheall ar a tiúchan neamhghnách ard arsainí. Faigheann an loch an arsaineach i rith na carraigeacha in aice láimhe atá saibhir i mianraí arsaineach. Is cosúil go gcuimsíonn na baictéir neamhghnácha seo arsenaic i gcomhpháirteanna bithcheimiceacha éagsúla a gcealla, ar nós gur féidir an eilimint a bhrath trí speictroméadar mais i bpróitéiní, lipidí, agus ábhar géiniteach a chuirtear amach as na baictéir. Mar sin féin, tá gá le tuilleadh oibre chun a chinneadh an bhfuil DNA na baictéireacha déanta suas i ndáiríre as cnámh cnámh ar bhonn arsenaic. Má tá sé, ansin is cinnte go bhfuil an baictéar ar fhoirm de shaol aisteach. Ceann de na príomh-implíontais a bhaineann le hipoteis na bpíosail scáth ná an smaoineamh go bhféadfadh saol ar an Domhan a bheith tagtha chun cinn níos mó ná uair amháin. Agus cé go mbeadh baictéir a tógadh ó ARSENIC-DNA nó a úsáideann móilíní fuinnimh ARSENIC-bhunaithe seachas ATP i gcónaí ní bheadh sé ina fhíorú go bhfuil an saol ar an Domhan a tháinig arís agus arís eile, bheadh sé a chur i bhfeidhm athmheasúnú ar an mbealach a shainmhínímid an saol faoi láthair. Creidmheas grianghraf: Gary718/Shutterstock.com

AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION ALERT DAY® American Diabetes Association Alert Day® is a one-day “wake-up call” asking the American public to take the Diabetes Risk Test to find out if they are at risk for developing type 2 diabetesa condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either a lack of insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin efficiently. Type 2 diabetes develops most often in middle-aged and older adults but can appear in young people.X. In 2015, Alert Day will take place on Tuesday, March 24. The Diabetes Risk Test asks users to answer simple questions about weight, age, family history and other potential risk factors for prediabetesa condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but are not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. People with prediabetes are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and for heart disease and stroke. Other names for prediabetes are impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose.X or type 2 diabetes. Preventive tips are provided for everyone who takes the test, including encouraging those at high risk to talk with their health care provider. Although Alert Day is a one-day event, the Diabetes Risk Test is available year-round. TAKE THE RISK TEST!

<urn:uuid:8b8e4982-0d47-49c4-ba50-d369e1d5dcd2>

CC-MAIN-2018-30

https://www.eyedesire.com/today-is-american-diabetes-association-alert-day/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590295.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718154631-20180718174631-00476.warc.gz

en

AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION ALERT DAY® (Lá Fógraíochta AIRMHEACHA SAM) Is é Lá Fógra Cumann an tSíocáin Mheiriceá® 'glao ar an airdeall' lá amháin ag iarraidh ar phobal na Meiriceánach an Tástáil Riosca Síocáin a dhéanamh chun a fháil amach an bhfuil riosca acu diaibéiteas cineál 2 a fhorbairt, coinníoll a bhfuil leibhéil ard glúcóis fola ag cur leis mar gheall ar easpa inslin nó ar neamhábaltacht an chomhlachta inslin a úsáid go héifeachtach. Is minic a fhorbraíonn diaibéiteas cineál 2 i ndaoine fásta meánaosta agus níos sine ach d'fhéadfadh sé tarlú i ndaoine óga. In 2015, beidh Lá na Gcathrach ar an Máirt, an 24 Márta. Iarrtar ar úsáideoirí an tástáil riosca diaibéiteas ceisteanna simplí a fhreagairt maidir le meáchan, aois, stair teaghlaigh agus fachtóirí riosca féideartha eile do réamh-diaibéiteas, staid ina bhfuil leibhéil glúcóis fola níos airde ná mar is gnáth ach nach bhfuil siad ard go leor le haghaidh diagnóis diaibéiteas. Tá daoine a bhfuil réamh- diaibéiteas acu i mbaol níos mó a fhorbairt diaibéiteas cineál 2 agus galar croí agus stróc. Is iad ainmneacha eile le haghaidh réamh- diaibéiteas ná diúltachta glúcóis agus glúcóis ghlas go dona. X nó diaibéiteas cineál 2. Tá leideanna coisctheacha ar fáil do gach duine a ghlacann an tástáil, lena n-áirítear iad a spreagadh a bhfuil riosca ard acu labhairt lena soláthraí cúraim sláinte. Cé gur ócáid lá amháin é Lá an Aighneachta, tá an Tástáil Riosca Diaibéiteas ar fáil ar feadh na bliana. TÁCLAIGH AN TÍOSTAÍ!

Battle site of Druim na Coibe (1427) - Region: Caithness, Sutherland & Ross The site of a battle between the MacKays of Strathnaver and the Sutherlands and Murrays, the MacKays being victorious. The battle was fought at the beginning of the 15th century but the given dates range from 1427 to 1433. There are said to have been 1200 to 1500 men on the Sutherland-Murray side, and the nearby field clearance heaps are said to be the graves of the slain, although MacKay (1892) mentions one mound in particular in which they were supposed to be buried. Found a mistake or maybe have something to add? Do let me know!

<urn:uuid:f10e9d9e-2bc6-4f3c-a22a-ecf349d84d89>

CC-MAIN-2021-21

https://www.scotlandsfinest.nl/places-to-visit-in-scotland/scotland-s-finest-battle-sites/battle-site-of-druim-na-coibe

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991772.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20210517115207-20210517145207-00164.warc.gz

en

Áit Cath Druim na Coibe (1427) - Réigiún: Caithness, Sutherland & Ross Áit a raibh cath idir MacCais Strathnaver agus na Sutherlands agus na Murrays, agus na MacCais ina buaiteoirí. Throid an cath ag tús an 15ú haois ach tá na dátaí a tugadh idir 1427 agus 1433. Deirtear go raibh 1200 go 1500 fear ar thaobh Sutherland-Murray, agus deirtear gurb iad na heapanna glanadh páirce in aice láimhe tuama na marbh, cé go luaigh MacKay (1892) mount amháin go háirithe ina raibh siad ceaptha a adhlacadh. Fuair tú botún nó b'fhéidir go bhfuil rud éigin le cur? Cuir in iúl dom!

White construction paper Transparent adhesive tape Pencil and eraser How to make it: Draw the sheep by hand very softly with a pencil. They do not have to be all the same or perfectly drawn. Trace the pencil drawings with a black marker. Draw numbers in the center of each animal. Have your toddler color the face and ears of the sheep with a black crayon (or any other color you choose) and then proceed to cut out each drawing. Cover the sheep’s body and hair with glue avoiding the middle area, where the number is. Use cotton balls to cover the parts that have glue. Cut the cotton swabs in half with a pair of scissors. Turn the sheep and use transparent adhesive tape to attach the feet of the sheep to the back.

<urn:uuid:201a871a-a81e-400e-9b4e-549f85f3f8ae>

CC-MAIN-2021-21

https://www.intelligender.com/tag/gluing/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988882.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508151721-20210508181721-00313.warc.gz

en

Páipéar tógála bán Teip ghreamtha trédhearcach Peann luaidhe agus eisiúint Conas é a dhéanamh: Tarraing an caorach de láimh go han-leathan le peann luaidhe. Ní gá go mbeadh siad go léir mar an gcéanna nó go mbeadh siad tarraingthe go foirfe. Déan na líníochtaí péinseal a rianú le marcóir dubh. Tarraing uimhreacha i lár gach ainmhí. Lig do leanbh beag aghaidh agus cluasa na n-uafán a phictiúrú le crion dubh (nó le haon dath eile a roghnaíonn tú) agus ansin déan gach líníocht a ghearradh amach. Clúdaigh corp agus gruaig na n-uafán le greama, gan an limistéar lárnach a sheachaint, áit a bhfuil an uimhir. Úsáid liopaí cadáis chun na codanna a bhfuil greamaithe acu a chlúdach. Gearr na swabs cadás ar leath le péire sciatháin. Déan an t-uafán a thiontú agus úsáid teip ghreamaitheach trédhearcach chun cosa na n-uafán a cheangal ar chúl.

Dave: Hello again everyone. Today we’re talking about the book, “Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of his Time”, by Dava Sobel, which talks about the old world struggle to figure out a way to determine the longitudinal position of a ship at sea. It was a mystery which had stumped the greatest minds for centuries. Nate: Exactly. A way to determine latitude had been devised much earlier, but if you didn’t know longitude, it was possible you could be 100 miles further east or west than you thought you were, making navigation extremely difficult and hazardous. Countless ships were lost at sea, shipwrecked, delayed, or had crews that died of scurvy due to depleted rations from the 15th through the 18th centuries – and much of this was a direct result of not knowing exactly where you were on the ocean. Dave: There were essentially two methods for determining longitude that came to the forefront during the 18th century when this problem was being tackled. One was the astronomical method, which consisted of determining longitude by looking at objects such as stars, planets, and moons to figure out your position, and the other was the mechanical method, which entailed building a clock which could keep track of the time back at your home port. Because if you knew what time it was there, and you knew what time it was where you were on the ocean, you could figure out your position. Nate: Both of these methods had issues that had to be resolved, however. On the mechanical side, there had never been a clock built that could keep time at sea. Conditions at sea, such as moisture, changing temperatures, and rolling waves had always interfered with its functions, not allowing it to be exact enough. To be useful, a timepiece could not lose more than three seconds in twenty four hours – any more than that and a ship would not be able to determine its position accurately enough. And on the astronomical side, complete maps of the stars had not been done up to this point in history, so that solution seemed far off as well. Dave: And while the astronomers of the day scrambled to complete maps of the stars, a little known English clockmaker took up the challenge of determining longitude, and solved it with relative ease. Nate: And that clockmaker, John Harrison, was an interesting guy, as he was totally self made. He had never really had any formal training in building clocks, yet the pieces he made were remarkable. He built a clock tower in Brocklesby Park in England that has run continuously since 1722 – the only time it stopped was when it was refurbished in 1884. He applied this genius to building a longitude clock, or chronometer, and like you said, built one without too much trouble. Dave: Building one wasn’t too much trouble, but receiving recognition for it became a struggle he would endure for decades. He actually ended up building four chronometers, each one being an improvement over the last. I have to say, after reading this book, I was taken back to another book we reviewed some time ago about the journey of the Apollo astronauts to the moon. It seemed like we’d kind of come full circle. It’s amazing to think that the astronauts who went to the moon were able to land within a few hundred feet of where they were supposed to. And the solution to determining longitude was the beginning of mankind’s ability to figure out exact location. How many doors did that open up? It’s almost impossible to say. Nate: I agree. You really take for granted things that have always been there, and are always there for you. We just have to look at a watch, cell phone, clock on the wall, or any other device that says the time, no matter where we are, and we know it will be correct. We don’t have to do any calculations, or wonder how we’re going to figure it out. The same goes for knowing our position in the world. From maps, to GPS, determining location is something that is so easy and readily available that we don’t even think about it. Dave: But in the old days of sea exploration that knowledge wasn’t “just there”, and it was a real problem. After reading this book, it’s obvious why the routes the early explorers took seemed to zig zag all over the place. Nate: I find it amazing they ever found their way, to be totally honest. And it wasn’t just an issue with exploring. It was a commerce problem as well. Dave: Absolutely. You had ships going down at sea with hulls full of valuable cargo. So it wasn’t just loss of life, it was also the loss of profits. Nate: Another thing I found interesting in this book were the discoveries made while trying to find a solution to longitude. Like we said, a complete map of the stars had not been made up this point in history. Well, by the time the problem had been solved, star maps were more complete than they had ever been. And astronomers had also learned a lot more about the sun and moon, as far as their cycles, and the effects both have on the earth. Dave: It’s always interesting to see what discoveries are made when people are trying to find the answer to something else. The way map making changed after the introduction of chronometers is interesting as well. The quality and accuracy of maps improved immensely during this time, and the view of the world began to take more of a modern feel. I have to say, I found John Harrison to be an interesting character. There wasn’t a lot of “character development” in this book, and with Harrison largely because not much is known about his early years. But his dedication to building the perfect chronometer, and the struggle he had trying to earn recognition, and the monetary reward that was due to him is interesting. People always like stories about underdogs, and this is an underdog story. Nate: It’s also a story about a mechanical genius. Like we said, this was someone who was totally self-made and yet his devices were absolutely revolutionary, and worked better than any devices previously made. When he showed his chronometer to others within the clock making fraternity, they were fascinated and awed by his work. Dave: After reading the book, I also thought about how this continued to give England a leg up in naval supremacy. They had already been the premier naval power in the world for a couple of centuries, but this helped allow them to maintain that dominance of the seas for a lot longer. Nate: It was also fun to read about Rupert T. Gould, who restored Harrison’s clocks in the 20th century. He was not happy that these historically significant pieces had been allowed to fall into a state of disrepair. Although they had been kept over the years, they had not been cared for. Dave: That’s right. So he went about restoring them, even though he had no experience or knowledge of working with clocks. In that respect he was in the same boat Harrison was when he started out. Nate: And interestingly enough, he spent the most time restoring Harrison’s third clock, which is the one Harrison took the most time to build. It seems they had many of the same issues with that one, even though their work was almost two centuries apart. So, who would you recommend this book to? Dave: I think anyone who has an interest in history, science, or astronomy would enjoy it. Nate: I agree. I would also include those who are interested in maps or map making, as well as anyone interested in clocks or clock making. The book is less than 200 pages, so it’s short, and not a huge time commitment. So if you have even a small interest in any of these areas I’d recommend giving it a shot. I think you’ll really enjoy it. Dave: And once you’ve read it, you might check out the made for TV movie based on the story, also called “Longitude”. It came out several years ago and stars Jeremy Irons and Michael Gambon. It’s an excellent two part mini-series/movie, and we have it here at the library as well.

<urn:uuid:cfe2f615-07f5-4364-8e22-f50d1573befb>

CC-MAIN-2015-27

http://tscpl.org/books-movies-music/uncommonly-good-books-read-by-two-common-guys-longitude-2

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435376073161.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627033433-00243-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Dia duit arís, a chách. Sa lá atá inniu táimid ag caint faoi an leabhar, "Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of his Time", le Dava Sobel, a labhraíonn faoi an sean-saoghal ag streachailt chun teacht ar bhealach chun a chinneadh an seasamh fhadtéarmach long ar muir. Bhí sé ina rúndiamhair a bhí stumped na meabhair is mó le haghaidh na céadta bliain. Nate: Go díreach. Bhí bealach chun léim a chinneadh cruthaithe i bhfad níos luaithe, ach mura raibh a fhios agat an fhad, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh tú 100 míle níos faide ó thuaidh nó ó thuaidh ná mar a cheap tú, rud a fhágann go mbeadh seoltóireacht thar a bheith deacair agus contúirteach. Chaill long gan áireamh ar muir, bhris long, moill, nó fuair criúithe bás as scorbhú mar gheall ar ráin ídithe ón 15ú go dtí an 18ú haois agus bhí cuid mhór de seo mar thoradh díreach ar nach raibh a fhios agat go díreach cá raibh tú ar an aigéan. Dave: Bhí dhá mhodh ann chun fad a chinneadh a tháinig chun tosaigh le linn an 18ú haois nuair a bhí an fhadhb seo á réiteach. Bhí an modh réalteolaíoch, a bhí ina chinneadh fad trí ag féachaint ar rudaí cosúil le réaltaí, pláinéid, agus na gealaí a fháil amach do sheasamh, agus an modh meicniúil eile, a bhí i gceist ag tógáil clog a d'fhéadfadh a choinneáil ar an rian ar an am ar ais i do chalafort baile. Mar dá mbeadh a fhios agat cén t-am a bhí ann, agus dá mbeadh a fhios agat cén t-am a bhí ann nuair a bhí tú ar an aigéan, d'fhéadfá do shuíomh a fháil amach. Nate: Bhí fadhbanna ag an dá mhodh seo a bhí le réiteach, áfach. Ar an taobh meicniúil, ní raibh riamh a bhí ag faire a bhí tógtha a d'fhéadfadh a choinneáil am ar muir. Bhí coinníollacha ar muir, mar shampla taise, teochtaí ag athrú, agus tonnta ag rolladh i gcónaí ag cur isteach ar a fheidhmeanna, gan ligean dó a bheith cruinn go leor. Chun a bheith úsáideach, ní fhéadfaí níos mó ná trí soicind a chailleadh i gceithre huaire déag aon níos mó ná sin agus ní bheadh long in ann a seasamh a chinneadh go cruinn go leor. Agus ar an taobh réalteolaíoch, ní raibh léarscáileanna iomlána na réaltaí déanta suas go dtí an pointe seo sa stair, mar sin bhí an réiteach sin i bhfad i gcéin chomh maith. Dave: Agus cé go raibh na réalteolaithe an lae scrambled chun léarscáileanna na réaltaí a chomhlánú, ghlac cearrbhachais Béarla beag ar a dtugtar an dúshlán a chinneadh fad, agus réitigh sé leis an éascaíocht choibhneasta. Nate: Agus an clockmaker, John Harrison, Bhí fear suimiúil, mar a bhí sé go hiomlán féin-deartha. Ní raibh aon oiliúint foirmiúil aige i ndáiríre maidir le cloigí a dhéanamh, ach bhí na píosaí a rinne sé suntasach. Thóg sé túr clog i bPáirc Brocklesby sa Sasana a d'oibrigh go leanúnach ó 1722 an t-aon uair a stop sé ná nuair a athchóiríodh é i 1884. Chuir sé an genius seo i bhfeidhm chun clog fadréim, nó cronóiméadar a thógáil, agus mar a dúirt tú, tógadh ceann gan mórán deacrachtaí. Dave: Ní raibh sé ró-dheacair ceann a thógáil, ach bhí sé ina streachailt dó aitheantas a fháil as a dhéanamh ar feadh na mblianta. Chríochnaigh sé i ndáiríre ag tógáil ceithre chrónoméadar, gach ceann acu ina feabhas ar an gceann roimhe sin. Caithfidh mé a rá, tar éis dom an leabhar seo a léamh, thug sé ar ais mé chuig leabhar eile a rinneamar athbhreithniú air roinnt ama ó shin faoi thuras na spásairí Apollo go dtí an ghealach. Bhí sé cosúil go raibh muid a tháinig cineál ciorcal iomlán. Tá sé iontach a cheapann go raibh na spásairí a chuaigh go dtí an ghealach in ann a tuirlingt laistigh de cúpla céad troigh de áit a raibh siad a bhí le. Agus an réiteach a chinneadh fad bhí tús an chumas an chine daonna chun a fháil amach an suíomh cruinn. Cé mhéad doras a d'oscail sé sin? Tá sé beagnach dodhéanta a rá. Nate: Aontaím. Glacann tú go mór le rudaí a bhí ann i gcónaí, agus atá i gcónaí ann duit. Ní mór dúinn ach breathnú ar uaireadóir, fón póca, clog ar an mballa, nó aon ghléas eile a deir an t-am, is cuma cá bhfuil muid, agus tá a fhios againn go mbeidh sé ceart. Ní gá dúinn aon ríomh a dhéanamh, nó a bheith ag smaoineamh ar conas a bheidh muid ag teacht amach air. Baineann an rud céanna le bheith ar an eolas faoin áit atá againn ar domhan. Ó léarscáileanna, go GPS, is rud é socrúchán áiteanna a bheith chomh éasca agus ar fáil go héasca nach smaoinímid air fiú. Dave: Ach sna sean-laethanta de iniúchadh farraige nach raibh an t-eolas ach ann , agus bhí sé ina fhadhb fíor. Tar éis an leabhar seo a léamh, is léir cén fáth gur cosúil go raibh na bealaí a ghlac na taiscéalaithe luath ag zig zag ar fud an áit. Nate: Tá sé iontach a aimsiú mé riamh fuair siad a mbealach, a bheith go hiomlán macánta. Agus ní raibh sé ach le ceist le iniúchadh. Bhí fadhb tráchtála ann freisin. Dave: Ar ndóigh. Bhí longa ag dul síos ar muir le hulls lán de lasta luachmhar. Ní raibh sé mar sin ach caillteanas beatha, bhí sé freisin caillteanas brabúis. Nate: Rud eile a fuair mé suimiúil sa leabhar seo ná na fionnachtana a rinneadh agus iad ag iarraidh réiteach a fháil ar fhadréim. Mar a dúirt muid, ní raibh léarscáil iomlán na réaltaí déanta suas ag an bpointe seo sa stair. Bhuel, ag an am a bhí an fhadhb réitithe, bhí léarscáileanna réalta níos iomláine ná mar a bhí siad riamh. Agus bhí a fhios ag réalteolaithe i bhfad níos mó faoin ngrian agus faoin ghealach, a mhéid a bhaineann lena gciorcail, agus na héifeachtaí a bhíonn ag an dá cheann ar an talamh. Dave: Is suimiúil i gcónaí a fheiceáil cad iad na fionnachtana a dhéantar nuair a bhíonn daoine ag iarraidh freagra a fháil ar rud éigin eile. Tá an bealach a d'athraigh maíomh léarscáileanna tar éis na cronometers a thabhairt isteach suimiúil freisin. D'éirigh le cáilíocht agus cruinneas léarscáileanna a fheabhsú go mór le linn na tréimhse seo, agus thosaigh an dearcadh ar an domhan ag mothú níos nua-aimseartha. Caithfidh mé a rá, fuair mé John Harrison a bheith ina charachtar suimiúil. Ní raibh mórán "fhorbairt carachtair" sa leabhar seo, agus le Harrison go mór toisc nach bhfuil mórán ar eolas faoi a chuid blianta tosaigh. Ach a thiomantas chun an chronometer foirfe a thógáil, agus an streachailt a bhí aige ag iarraidh aitheantas a fháil, agus an luach saothair airgid a bhí dlite dó tá sé suimiúil. Is maith le daoine scéalta i gcónaí faoi underdogs, agus is é seo scéal underdog. Nate: Tá sé freisin scéal faoi genius meicniúil. Mar a dúirt muid, bhí sé seo duine a bhí go hiomlán féin-dhéanta agus fós a chuid feistí a bhí go hiomlán réabhlóideach, agus d'oibrigh níos fearr ná aon feistí a rinneadh roimhe seo. Nuair a thaispeáin sé a chronometer do dhaoine eile laistigh den chlog a dhéanamh bráithreachas, bhí siad fascinated agus awed ag a chuid oibre. Dave: Tar éis an leabhar a léamh, shíl mé freisin faoi conas a lean an méid seo ag tabhairt cos don Bhreatain i uachtúlacht cabhlaigh. Bhí siad cheana féin an príomh chumhacht cabhlaigh ar fud an domhain le cúpla céad bliain, ach cabhraigh sé seo lig dóibh a choinneáil ar an dominance na farraigí ar feadh i bhfad níos faide. Nate: Bhí sé suimiúil freisin léamh faoi Rupert T. Gould, a athchóirigh uaireadóirí Harrison sa 20ú haois. Ní raibh sé sásta go raibh cead ag na píosaí suntasacha seo a thit i staid dífhostaíochta. Cé go raibh siad á gcur le blianta fada, níor tugadh cúram orthu. Dave: Tá sé sin ceart. Mar sin, chuaigh sé ar aghaidh ag athchóiriú na n-uaireanta, cé nach raibh aon taithí aige ná eolas aige ar obair le huaireanta. Sa mhéid sin bhí sé sa bhád céanna a bhí Harrison nuair a thosaigh sé amach. Nate: Agus go suimiúil go leor, chaith sé an chuid is mó ama athchóirithe Harrison's tríú clog, a bhfuil an ceann Harrison thóg an chuid is mó ama a thógáil. Is cosúil go raibh go leor de na saincheisteanna céanna acu leis an gceann sin, cé go raibh beagnach dhá chéad bliain idir a gcuid oibre. Mar sin, cé a mholfá an leabhar seo dó? Dave: Sílim go mbainfidh duine ar bith a bhfuil suim aige i stair, i eolaíocht nó i réalteolaíocht taitneamh as. Nate: Aontaím. Ba mhaith liom freisin iad siúd a bhfuil suim acu i léarscáileanna nó i léarscáileanna a dhéanamh, chomh maith le duine ar bith a bhfuil suim acu i cloig nó i cloig a dhéanamh. Tá an leabhar níos lú ná 200 leathanach, mar sin tá sé gearr, agus ní tiomantas mór ama é. Mar sin má tá suim agat fiú beag amháin in aon cheann de na réimsí seo molaim duit iarracht a dhéanamh. Sílim go mbainfidh tú taitneamh as i ndáiríre. Dave: Agus nuair a bheidh tú a léamh é, d'fhéadfadh tú a sheiceáil amach a rinneadh le haghaidh scannán teilifíse bunaithe ar an scéal, ar a dtugtar freisin "Longitude". Tháinig sé amach roinnt blianta ó shin agus réaltaí Jeremy Irons agus Michael Gambon. Is mini-sreath/fim iontach dhá chuid é, agus tá sé anseo sa leabharlann freisin.

Different cultures have their own way of taking some water and mixing it with an all-purpose flour, a rice flour, a wheat flour and adding either barley, buckwheat, soybeans, seaweed or tapioca. After combining whatever ingredients are used with the type of a chosen flour, they work the dough on a floured surface, roll the dough out and let it dry. Until, it is ready to be hand cut or hand pulled into whatever shape of a noodle that is desired. The finished noodle product is dropped into a hot chicken, a hot beef or a hot vegetable both from three to five minutes depending upon the noodle's thickness. After the noodles are finished cooking, they are left in the broth for a few moreminutes. The results are something of a phenomenon. In five thousand B. C., the first forms of noodles were discovered in the Middle East. In three hundred A. D., the Chinesewere using buckwheat as the main ingredient for their noodles andsharing the art of making them with the Japanese. In the seventeen hundreds, noodles were introduced in Naples, Italy. As a rival to rice, noodles have been a staple food in millionsof households with the exeception of the cuisines of England andFrance. Noodles are inexpensive to make and enjoyed as a completemeal with vegetables, meat seafood or poultry added and as aningredient in soup to begin a simple meal or a feast. The noodle feast begins with a Chicken Noodle Soup With DriedBamboo Shoots 1-cup dried bamboo shoots(found in Asian markets) 1/2-lb rice stick noodles 2-1/2-quarts chicken stock or two cans chicken broth 1/1/2-quarts water or 1-1/2-cans water 2-chicken legs with thighs, or boneless chicken breasts 1/2-cup sliced canned bamboo shoots 1-Tlb plus one teaspoon fish sauce 1-Tlb mixed fresh coriander and scallion greens Directions:Cover the dried bamboo shoots with water in a saucepanand bring it to a boil for thirty minutes. Drain the bamboo shoots and boil them again in one quart of water for two hours. Drain and shred the bamboo shoots coarsely. Set aside. Note: Forcooking the rice noodles, drop one half of the package in boilingwater and cook for five minutes. Drain and rinse them in cold water to keep them from sticking. In a large pot:add the chickenstock, the water and the chicken legs, or chicken breasts. Bring to a boil and cook for thirty minutes. After the chicken is finshed cooking remove it from the broth and set aside. Add theprecooked bamboo shoots, the canned bamboo shoots, the fish sauce and the salt. Simmer for thirty minutes. To serve: shred the chicken and arrange some of it with the cooked noodles and the bamboo shoots into a soup bowl. Pour the hot chicken broth over the ingredients and top with the minced parsley and scallions. Nancy an American woman with a Vietnamese daughter-in-law wasgiven a recipe for a spicy vinegar and lime sauce. The recipebelow is from Sat Thi's mother. Spicy Vinegar And Lime Sauce 3-cups hot water 1-cup fish sauce Chili peppers to taste Directions: Mix the ingredients in parts. The first two, then thelast four and combine them together. Pour over any type of cookedorentail noodles. Mary an American woman has always made her own egg noodles anddropped them into a meat broth such as; a pot roast, or beef roast or chicken broth that she served for her family's supper. Homemade Egg Noodles 3-tsp. baking powder 1/2-cup flour(to use for rolling out the noodle dough) Directions: Beat the eggs until they are foamy. Measure the dryingredients into the beaten eggs and mix them together until theyare of dough consistency. Measure the one-half cup flour and sprinkle it on a surface used to work the dough. Knead the dough for a few minutes and then roll it out in a thin sheet. Put the thin dough sheet on a piece of wax paper letting it dry. Cut thenoodle dough into thin or medium sized strips. Drop the cut noodles into a hot chicken or beef broth cooking them for five minutes. Let them sit in the broth for at least four more minutes before serving them. Soba noodles are a flavorsome wheat noodle product that can be boiled and then made into a cold noodle salad. The vinaigrettedressing is made with a combination of rice wine vinegar and limejuice for a lower calorie dressing. Soba Noodle Salad 2-packages soba noodles 1-package commerical packaged shredded carrots 4-green onions, sliced 2-Tlbs. coriander (Chinese parsley)chopped 4-Tlb rice wine vinegar 2-Tlb. lime juice 3 or 4 drops hot sauce Directions: Boil the noodles according to package directions and then let them cool. Mix the shredded carrots, the chopped green onions and the coriander into the cooled noodles. In a separatebowl, whisk the rice wine vinegar, the lime juice, and the hot sauce. Mix the dressing with the cooled noodles and serve. Rounding out the noodle feast is a dessert called an apple raisinnoodle pudding. Apple Raisin Walnut Noodle Pudding 8-oz. broad egg noodles, broken into pieces 1/2-cup walnuts, chopped 3 eggs, separated Directions: Cook the noodles as directed then drain and rinse them in cold water. Combine the nuts, apples, raisins and spicestogether. Beat the egg yolks with the butter, sugar and the saltuntil well blended. Fold in the egg yolks into the cooked noodlesand then the apple spice mixture. Beat the egg whites until stiff and fold into the noodle mixture. Bake at 350 degrees for forty-five minutes. 1. The Classic Cookbook of Vietnam-Chicken Noodle Soup With Dried Cooking since the age of fiftee, the author has always loved learning the history of food.

<urn:uuid:dbcb6256-e65f-4c4d-996e-fab8984dd926>

CC-MAIN-2018-34

http://ondanavas.tk/news/shred-the-chicken-and-arrange-99.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819184710-20180819204710-00643.warc.gz

en

Tá a mbealach féin ag cultúir éagsúla uisce a thógáil agus é a mheascadh le plúr uilechuspóire, plúr rís, plúr cruithneachta agus é a chur le hórd, buckwheat, pónairí sóise, algaí mara nó tapioca. Tar éis dóibh an cineál plúr a roghnaíodh a chur le haon chomhábhair a úsáidtear, déanann siad an taos a oibriú ar dhromchla plúr, an taos a rolladh amach agus é a fhágáil chun tiormaithe. Go dtí go bhfuil sé réidh le gearradh nó le tarraingt de láimh i cibé cruth núidlí is mian leat. Cuirtear an táirge noodle críochnaithe isteach i sicín te, i mairteola te nó i glasraí te, an dá rud ó thrí go cúig nóiméad ag brath ar thiús an noodle. Tar éis na n-uisceanna a bheith cócaráilte, fágtar iad sa bhróg ar feadh cúpla nóiméad. Tá na torthaí rud éigin de feiniméan. Sa chúig mhíle B.C., fuarthas na chéad fhoirmeacha de noodles sa Mheánoirthear. I 300 A.D., bhí na Síne ag úsáid an bhfíor-ghream mar phríomh-chomhábhar dá n-uisceanna agus bhí an ealaín chun iad a dhéanamh á roinnt acu leis na Seapáine. Sa 17ú haois, tugadh an t-uisce-nádal isteach i Naples, san Iodáil. Mar iomaitheoir ar ríse, is bia bunúsach é an t-uisceán i gcúig milliún teaghlaigh, seachas cócaireacht Shasana agus na Fraince. Tá an t-aiste saor le déanamh agus is féidir é a ithe mar bhéile iomlán le glasraí, feoil, bia mara nó éanlaith a chur leis agus mar chomhábhar i mbabhla chun béile simplí nó féile a thosú. Tosaíonn an féile noodle le Suíph Noodle Cearc le Shoots Bamboo Triomaithe 1 cupán de shoots bambú triomaithe (a fhaightear i margaí na hÁise) Nádal baicte rís 1 / 2 lb Stoc sicín 2-1/2-quarts nó dhá channa de shraith sicín Uisce 1/1/2-cheathrú nó uisce 1-1/2-cann 2 chos sicín le cnoic, nó cófraí sicín gan chnámh 1/2 cupán de shoots bambú canned sliceáilte 1-Tlb móide teaspoon anlann éisc 1 Tb. de chriosán úr agus greens scallone Treoracha: Clúdaigh an bambú triomaithe le huisce i bpóca agus cuir é go fiuch ar feadh tríocha nóiméad. Dracáil na seoltaí bambú agus iad a bhéalocht arís i litr amháin uisce ar feadh dhá uair an chloig. Dracáil agus shred an bambú shoots go garbh. Cuir ar leataobh. Nóta: Chun na núidlí rís a chur i gcodladh, cuir leath an phacáiste i uisce fiuchphointe agus cócaireacht ar feadh cúig nóiméad. Dracáil agus sruthlú i uisce fuar chun iad a choinneáil ó greamaithe. I bpóta mór: cuir an stoc sicín, an t-uisce agus na cosa sicín, nó na bróid sicín leis. Cuir go boil agus cócaireacht ar feadh tríocha nóiméad. Tar éis an sicín a bheith ag cócaireacht, tóg é as an mbróg agus cuir ar leataobh é. Cuir na seoltaí bambú réamhbhuailte, na seoltaí bambú cannaithe, an anlann éisc agus an salann leis. Seacomhaigh ar feadh tríocha nóiméad. Chun freastal: an sicín a shred agus cuid de a chur ar fáil leis na noodles cócaráilte agus na seoltaí bambú i mbabhla súp. Cuir an broth sicín te thar na comhábhair agus cuir an parsley miotaithe agus na scallons ar bharr. Tugadh oideas do bhia-aiste spíosach agus salann líomóide do Nancy, bean Mheiriceá a raibh bean-líomóide Vítneamese aici. Is é an t-oideas thíos ó mháthair Sat Thi. Uisceach Spicy agus Sauce Lime 3 cupán uisce te 1 cupán anlann éisc Píobáin chile chun blas a fháil Ceisteanna: An bhfuil an t-ábhar seo le húsáid i do bhia? An chéad dá, ansin an ceathrar deireanach agus iad a chur le chéile. Cuir gach cineál nudles cócaireachta-dentail. Mary bean Mheiriceá a rinne sí sí féin i gcónaí uibheacha noodles agus thit iad i broth feola mar; rósta pota, nó rósta mairteola nó broth sicín a sheirbheáil sí le haghaidh a dinnéar teaghlaigh. Noodles Uibheacha Déanta sa bhaile 3-sp. púdar bácála 1/2 cupán plúr ((a úsáid le haghaidh an taos noodle a rolladh amach) Ceisteanna: Bíodh an t-am ar fad ag cur na n-uibheacha i gcló. Déan na comhábhair triomaithe a thomhas isteach sna huibheacha buaite agus déan iad a mheascadh go dtí go mbeidh siad comhsheasmhach le taos. Déan leath-chruinne de phláta a thomhas agus scaip é ar uachtar a úsáidtear chun an taos a oibriú. Cuir an taos i gcnuasa ar feadh cúpla nóiméad agus ansin rolladh amach i leathán tanaí é. Cuir an bileog tanaí ar phíosa páipéir féas ag ligean dó tiormaithe. Gearr an taos nóidlí i stiallacha tanaí nó meánmhéide. Cuir na núidlí gearr isteach i broth sicín nó mairteola te agus cócaireacht ar feadh cúig nóiméad. Lig dóibh suí sa bhróg ar feadh ceithre nóiméad eile ar a laghad sula ndéantar iad a sheirbheáil. Is táirge blasta blasta cruithneachta é an t-uisce Soba is féidir a bhruith agus ansin a dhéanamh i saladach fuar uisce. Déantar an vinaigrettedressing le meascán de fhíon-díon ríse agus sú líoma chun cóiriú níos ísle calraí a fháil. Salad Soba Noodle 2 phacáiste nóidlí soba 1 phacáiste carróg shredded pacáilte tráchtála 4-cealla glas, sliceáilte 2 Tbps. coriander (parsley na Síne) gearr 4-Tlb fíon-díon ríse 2-Tlb. sú líomóide 3 nó 4 thiteán anlann te Treoracha: Boil na núdail de réir treoracha an phacáistíochta agus ansin lig dóibh fuarú. Cuir na carróga sracáilte, na plátaí glas gearrtha agus an coriander isteach sna noodles fuaraithe. I mbosca ar leithligh, scoilt an fínéagar fíona ríse, an sú líomóide, agus an anlann te. Measc an dressing leis na noodles fuar agus freastal. Is é an deiscear a thugtar ar an bhéile nóidlí an phléas a chríochnú ná pudding nóidlí uachtar úll. Pudding Noodle Apple Raisin Walnut 8 oz. nóidlí uibheacha leathan, briste ina bpíosaí 1/2 cupán walnuts, gearr 3 ubh, scartha Treoracha: Cócaireacht na n-uisceanna mar a d'ordaíodh ansin draenáil agus sruthlú iad in uisce fuar. Comhcheangail na cnónna, na h-uibheacha, na rusáin agus na spíosraí le chéile. Beats an buíon uibhe leis an im, siúcra agus an salann go dtí go bhfuil sé measctha go maith. Cuir na giollaí ubh isteach sna noodles cócaireachta agus ansin an meascán spíosra úlla. Buail na bánna uibhe go dtí go mbeidh siad crua agus cas iad isteach sa meascán noodle. Bácáil ag 350 céim ar feadh daichead agus cúig nóiméad. 1. an t-am a bhí ann. An Clár Cócaireachta Clasaiceach de Vietnam-Choirceán Noodle Suip le Triomaithe Ag cócaireacht ó bhí sé cúig bliana déag d'aois, bhí grá ag an údar i gcónaí stair an bhia a fhoghlaim.

Getting new gadgets is loads of fun, but the question then is what to do with the old versions of those same toys. Many electronics contain components that are harmful to the environment, so they should not be thrown into the regular trash to enter a landfill or incinerator. Also, there are many parts that can be recycled for repairs on existing electronic devices or remanufactured as pieces for new tech toys. So how do you find out what to do with those old devices? Below is a list of resources that you can use to find the best option for you! The Electronics Take Back Coalition CNET's Hot to Recycle Your Computers and Gadgets US EPA's Electronics Donations and Recycling Earth 911: Resources for Recycling

<urn:uuid:a452447b-c040-4316-bfe2-c5454043dba0>

CC-MAIN-2018-34

https://www.nrtofeaston.org/naturetalk-blog/post-holiday-clean-up-recycle-those-electronics-to-protect-the-environment

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221219242.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20180822010128-20180822030128-00643.warc.gz

en

Is mór an spraoi é gadgets nua a fháil, ach is é an cheist ansin cad atá le déanamh le sean-leaganacha na bréagáin chéanna sin. Tá comhpháirteanna díobhálacha don chomhshaol i go leor leictreonaic, mar sin níor cheart iad a chaitheamh sa ghnáth-dhuine chun dul isteach i dtimpiste talún nó i dtimpiste talún. Chomh maith leis sin, tá go leor páirteanna ann ar féidir iad a athchúrsáil chun feistí leictreonacha atá ann cheana a dheisiú nó a athdhéanamh mar phíosaí do chearrbhachas nua teicneolaíochta. Mar sin, conas a fhaigheann tú amach cad atá le déanamh leis na sean-uirlisí? Seo thíos liosta de na hacmhainní is féidir leat a úsáid chun an rogha is fearr a fháil duit féin! An Cónaidhm Leictreonaic a Thógáil Ar ais Tá CNET te chun Do Ríomhairí agus Do Ghnóthaí a Athchúrsáil Deonaíochtaí agus Athchúrsáil Leictreonaic EPA na SA Earth 911: Acmhainní le haghaidh Athchúrsála

The Purkinje effect (sometimes called the Purkinje shift) is the tendency for the peak luminance sensitivity of the eye to shift toward the blue end of the color spectrum at low illumination levels as part of dark adaptation.[page needed] In consequence, reds will appear darker relative to other colors as light levels decrease. The effect is named after the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně. While the effect is often described from the perspective of the human eye, it is well established in a number of animals under the same name to describe the general shifting of spectral sensitivity due to pooling of rod and cone output signals as a part of dark/light adaptation. This effect introduces a difference in color contrast under different levels of illumination. For instance, in bright sunlight, geranium flowers appear bright red against the dull green of their leaves, or adjacent blue flowers, but in the same scene viewed at dusk, the contrast is reversed, with the red petals appearing a dark red or black, and the leaves and blue petals appearing relatively bright. The sensitivity to light in scotopic vision varies with wavelength, though the perception is essentially black-and-white. The Purkinje shift is the relation between the absorption maximum of rhodopsin, reaching a maximum at about 500 nm, and that of the opsins in the longer-wavelength cones that dominate in photopic vision, about 555 nm (green). The Purkinje effect occurs at the transition between primary use of the photopic (cone-based) and scotopic (rod-based) systems, that is, in the mesopic state: as intensity dims, the rods take over, and before color disappears completely, it shifts towards the rods' top sensitivity. The effect occurs because in mesopic conditions the outputs of cones in the retina, which are generally responsible for the perception of color in daylight, are pooled with outputs of rods which are more sensitive under those conditions and have peak sensitivity in blue-green wavelength of 507 nm. Use of red lightsEdit The insensitivity of rods to long-wavelength light has led to the use of red lights under certain special circumstances—for example, in the control rooms of submarines, in research laboratories, aircraft, or during naked-eye astronomy. Red lights are used in conditions where it is desirable to activate both the photopic and scotopic systems. Submarines are well lit to facilitate the vision of the crew members working there, but the control room must be lit differently to allow crew members to read instrument panels yet remain dark adjusted. By using red lights or wearing red goggles, the cones can receive enough light to provide photopic vision (namely the high-acuity vision required for reading). The rods are not saturated by the bright red light because they are not sensitive to long-wavelength light, so the crew members remain dark adapted. Similarly, airplane cockpits use red lights so pilots can read their instruments and maps while maintaining night vision to see outside the aircraft. Red lights are also often used in research settings. Many research animals (such as rats and mice) have limited photopic vision, as they have far fewer cone photoreceptors. The animal subjects do not perceive red lights and thus experience darkness (the active period for nocturnal animals), but the human researchers, who have one kind of cone (the "L cone") that is sensitive to long wavelengths, are able to read instruments or perform procedures that would be impractical even with fully dark adapted (but low acuity) scotopic vision. For the same reason, zoo displays of nocturnal animals often are illuminated with red light. The effect was discovered in 1819 by Jan Evangelista Purkyně. Purkyně was a polymath who would often meditate at dawn during long walks in the blossomed Bohemian fields. Purkyně noticed that his favorite flowers appeared bright red on a sunny afternoon, while at dawn they looked very dark. He reasoned that the eye has not one but two systems adapted to see colors, one for bright overall light intensity, and the other for dusk and dawn. Objectively, the degree of illumination has a great influence on the intensity of color quality. In order to prove this most vividly, take some colors before daybreak, when it begins slowly to get lighter. Initially one sees only black and grey. Particularly the brightest colors, red and green, appear darkest. Yellow cannot be distinguished from a rosy red. Blue became noticeable to me first. Nuances of red, which otherwise burn brightest in daylight, namely carmine, cinnabar and orange, show themselves as darkest for quite a while, in contrast to their average brightness. Green appears more bluish to me, and its yellow tint develops with increasing daylight only. - Frisby JP (1980). Seeing: Illusion, Brain and Mind. Oxford University Press : Oxford. - Purkinje JE (1825). Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Sehens in Subjectiver Hinsicht. Reimer : Berlin. pp. 109–110. - Mitsuo Ikeda, Chian Ching Huang & Shoko Ashizawa: Equivalent lightness of colored objects at illuminances from the scotopic to the photopic level - Dodt, E. (July 1967). "Purkinje-shift in the rod eye of the bush-baby, Galago crassicaudatus". Vision Research. 7 (7–8): 509–517. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(67)90060-0. PMID 5608647. - Silver, Priscilla H. (1 October 1966). "A Purkinje shift in the spectral sensitivity of grey squirrels". The Journal of Physiology. 186 (2): 439–450. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp008045. PMC 1395858. PMID 5972118. - Armington, John C.; Thiede, Frederick C. (August 1956). "Electroretinal Demonstration of a Purkinje Shift in the Chicken Eye". American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content. 186 (2): 258–262. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1918.104.22.1688. PMID 13362518. - Hammond, P.; James, C. R. (1 July 1971). "The Purkinje shift in cat: extent of the mesopic range". The Journal of Physiology. 216 (1): 99–109. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009511. PMC 1331962. PMID 4934210. - "Eye, human." Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD - Sidgwick, John Benson; Gamble, R. C. (1980). Amateur Astronomer's Handbook. Courier Corporation. p. 429. ISBN 9780486240343. - "Human eye – anatomy". Britannica online. The Purkinje shift has an interesting psychophysical correlate; it may be observed, as evening draws on, that the luminosities of different colours of flowers in a garden change; the reds become much darker or black, while the blues become much brighter. What is happening is that, in this range of luminosities, called mesopic, both rods and cones are responding, and, as the rod responses become more pronounced – i.e., as darkness increases – the rod luminosity scale prevails over that of the cones. - Barbara Fritchman Thompson (2005). Astronomy Hacks: Tips and Tools for Observing the Night Sky. O'Reilly. pp. 82–86. ISBN 978-0-596-10060-5. - "On the Prowl with Polaris". Popular Science. 181 (3): 59–61. September 1962. ISSN 0161-7370. - Jeon et al. (1998) J. Neurosci. 18, 8936 - James G. Fox; Stephen W. Barthold; Muriel T. Davisson; Christian E. Newcomer (2007). The mouse in biomedical research: Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models. Academic Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-12-369457-7. - Nicholas J. Wade; Josef Brožek (2001). Purkinje's Vision. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8058-3642-4. - As quoted in: Grace Maxwell Fernald (1909). "The Effect of Achromatic Conditions on the Color Phenomena of Peripheral Vision". Psychological Monograph Supplements. Baltimore : The Review Publishing Company. X (3): 9.

<urn:uuid:78457219-c554-4d90-a9c8-de8a3142d742>

CC-MAIN-2021-21

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkinje_effect

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991641.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210511025739-20210511055739-00619.warc.gz

en

Is é éifeacht Purkinje (ar a dtugtar athrú Purkinje uaireanta) an claonadh a bhíonn ag íogaireacht uasta solais an tsúil chun bogadh i dtreo dheireadh gorm an speictream datha ag leibhéil solais íseal mar chuid d'oiriúnú dorcha. Mar thoradh air sin, beidh deargaí níos dorcha i gcomparáid le dathanna eile de réir mar a laghdaíonn leibhéil solais. Ainmnítear an éifeacht i ndiaidh an anatamaí Seiceach Jan Evangelista Purkyně. Cé go ndéantar cur síos go minic ar an éifeacht ó thaobh an tsúil dhaonna de, tá sé bunaithe go maith i roinnt ainmhithe faoin ainm céanna chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar an athrú ginearálta ar íogaireacht speictreach mar gheall ar chomhtháthú comharthaí aschuir barra agus cóna mar chuid d'oiriúnú dorcha / solais. Cuireann an éifeacht seo difríocht i gcodarsnacht dathanna faoi leibhéil éagsúla solais. Mar shampla, i solas geal na gréine, is cosúil go bhfuil bláthanna geranium dearg geal i gcoinne glas dorcha a gcuid duilleoga, nó bláthanna gorma in aice láimhe, ach sa radharc céanna a breathnaítear ag an am céanna, tá an difríocht aistrithe, agus na péitil dearga ag teacht chun cinn dearg dorcha nó dubh, agus na duilleoga agus na péitil gorma ag teacht chun cinn réasúnta geal. Athraíonn an íogaireacht do sholas i radharc scotópach de réir tonnfhad, cé go bhfuil an tuiscint go bunúsach dubh-agus-béar. Is é an t-athrú Purkinje an gaol idir uasmhéid ionsú rhodopsin, ag teacht ar uasmhéid ag thart ar 500 nm, agus an chuid de na opsins sna coinnleanna níos faide a bhíonn i gceannas ar fhís fhótach, thart ar 555 nm (grá). Tarlaíonn éifeacht Purkinje ag an aistriú idir úsáid phríomhúil na gcóras fotopic (ag brath ar chón) agus scotopic (ag brath ar slat), is é sin, sa stát mesopic: de réir mar a bhíonn an déine ag dul i léig, glacann na slatanna an ceannas, agus sula n-imíonn an dath go hiomlán, bogann sé i dtreo na n-éagmhóireachta barr na slatanna. Tarlaíonn an éifeacht toisc go bhfuil aschuir na gcónna sa réitín, atá freagrach go ginearálta as an dtuiscint ar dhath i solas an lae, ag teacht le aschuir na mbarraí atá níos íogaire faoi na coinníollacha sin agus a bhfuil íogaireacht uasta acu i nghluachfhad gorm-ghlas de 507 nm. Úsáid soilse deargaEdit Mar gheall ar neamh-éagmhálacht na mbonn i gcoinne solais a bhfuil tonnfhad fada acu, baineadh úsáid as soilse dearga faoi chúinsí speisialta áirithe - mar shampla, i seomraí rialaithe faoi-uisce, i saotharlanna taighde, in aerárthaí, nó le linn réalteolaíochta gan shúil. Úsáidtear soilse dearga i gcoinníollacha ina bhfuil sé inmhianaithe na córais fhótachóip agus scótachóip araon a ghníomhachtú. Tá fo-uisceadáin soilsithe go maith chun an radharc a éascú do bhaill foirne atá ag obair ann, ach ní mór an seomra rialaithe a shoiléiriú ar bhealach difriúil chun ligean do bhaill foirne painéil ionstraimí a léamh ach fanacht socraithe dorcha. Trí solas dearg a úsáid nó gloine dearga a chaitheamh, is féidir leis na coinníní solas leordhóthanach a fháil chun fís fhótach a sholáthar (is é sin an fís ard-acuity a theastaíonn le haghaidh léitheoireachta). Ní bhíonn na barraí sáithithe ag an solas dearg geal toisc nach bhfuil siad íogair do sholas tonnfhad fada, mar sin fanann baill an fhoireann oiriúnach don dorchadas. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, úsáideann cockpits eitleáin soilse dearga ionas gur féidir le píolótaí a n-ionstraimí agus léarscáileanna a léamh agus fís oíche á choimeád acu chun féachaint lasmuigh den aerárthach. Úsáidtear solas dearg go minic i suíomhanna taighde freisin. Tá an fhís fhótachra ar go leor ainmhithe taighde (mar shampla lucha agus luch) teoranta, toisc go bhfuil i bhfad níos lú fotoreceptors cóna acu. Ní fheiceann na hábhair ainmhithe solas dearg agus mar sin bíonn dorchadas orthu (an tréimhse ghníomhach d'ainmhithe oíche), ach tá na taighdeoirí daonna, a bhfuil cineál amháin cóna (an "cóna L") acu atá íogair do thréimhseanna tonn fada, in ann ionstraimí a léamh nó nósanna imeachta a dhéanamh a bheadh neamhphraiticiúil fiú le radharc scotópach oiriúnaithe go hiomlán dorcha (ach le géarchéim íseal). Ar an gcúis chéanna, is minic a bhíonn taispeántais ainmhithe oíchecha in áiteanna sú ag soilsithe le solas dearg. Fuair Jan Evangelista Purkyně an éifeacht i 1819. Bhí Purkyně ina pholaiteoir a mheabhraigh go minic ag an am a bhí sé ag siúl fada i réimsí bláthanna na Boemice. Thug Purkyně faoi deara go raibh a chuid bláthanna is fearr leat dearg geal ar tráthnóna shona, agus ag breacadh na hoíche bhí siad an-dath. Shíl sé nach bhfuil córas amháin ag an tsúil ach dhá chóras atá oiriúnaithe chun dathanna a fheiceáil, ceann le haghaidh déine iomlán an tsolais gheal, agus an ceann eile le haghaidh an chré-uaire agus an mhaidin. Go huigeantach, tá tionchar mór ag an leibhéal solais ar an dlúthúlacht cáilíochta dathanna. D'fhonn é seo a chruthú an chuid is mó beo, a ghlacadh roinnt dathanna roimh an lá, nuair a thosaíonn sé a fháil go mall níos soiléire. Ar dtús ní fheiceann duine ach dubh agus liath. Go háirithe is cosúil go bhfuil na dathanna is geal, dearg agus glas, is dorcha. Ní féidir buí a idirdhealú ó dearg rósaigh. Thosaigh mé ag tabhairt faoi deara Blue ar dtús. Léiríonn nuances dearga, a lasann níos gile i solas an lae, eadhon carmine, cinnabar agus oráiste, iad féin mar an dorcha ar feadh tamaill, i gcodarsnacht lena gnáth-ghlanadh. Is cosúil go bhfuil glas níos mó gorm dom, agus a tint buí a fhorbairt le solas an lae méadú amháin. - Frisby JP (1980). Ag Feic: Illusion, Brain and Mind. Oxford University Press: Oxford. - Purkinje JE (1825). Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Sehens in Subjectiver Hinsicht. Reimer: Berlin. pp. 109 110. - Mitsuo Ikeda, Chian Ching Huang & Shoko Ashizawa: Éascacht chomhionann rudaí datha ag soilsithe ó leibhéal scotópach go fotópach - Dodt, E. (Iúil 1967). "Purkinje-shift i súl an tsraith de na bush-baby, Galago crassicaudatus". Taighde Fís. 7 (78): 509517. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(67) 90060-0. PMID 5608647. - Silver, Priscilla H. (1 Deireadh Fómhair 1966). "A Purkinje athrú i íogaireacht speictreach squirrels liath". An Iris Fisiolaíochta. 186 (2): 439450. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp008045. PMC 1395858. PMID 5972118. - Armington, John C.; Thiede, Frederick C. (Lúnasa 1956). "Taispeántas leictreoir-réitíneach ar Athrú Purkinje i Súil an Choirce". Iris Mheiriceá Fisiolaíochta. Ábhar Oidhreachta. 186 (2): 258262. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1918.104.22.1688. PMID 13362518. - Hammond, P.; James, C. R. (1 Iúil 1971). "An t-athrú Purkinje i gcait: fad an raon mesopic". An Iris Fisiolaíochta. 216 (1): 99109. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009511. PMC 1331962. PMID 4934210. - "Súil, daonna". Encylopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD - Sidgwick, John Benson; Gamble, R. C. (1980). Leabhar-Treoir Astronomer Amaitéarach. Corparáid Seoltóra. p. 429. ISBN 9780486240343 (an t-eispéireas a bhí ag an gComhphobal). - "Anatomy an tsúil dhaonna". Britannica ar líne. Tá comhghaol síceafisic spéisiúil ag athrú Purkinje; is féidir a fheiceáil, de réir mar a théann an oíche ar aghaidh, go n-athraíonn solas dathanna éagsúla bláthanna i gcur i láthair; bíonn na dearga i bhfad níos dorcha nó níos dubh, agus bíonn na gormaí i bhfad níos gile. Is é an rud atá ag tarlú ná, sa raon seo de sholas, ar a dtugtar mesopic, go bhfuil an dá slat agus na coiníní ag freagairt, agus, de réir mar a bhíonn na freagraí slat níos suntasaí ie, de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an dorchadas bíonn scála sholas an slat níos mó ná scála na coiníní. - Barbara Fritchman Thompson (2005). Hacks Réalteolaíochta: Leideanna agus Uirlisí chun an Spéir Oíche a Breathnú. O'Reilly. pp. 82 go 86. ISBN 978-0-596-10060-5. Tá an t-earraí seo ar fáil ar líne. - "Ar an Prowl le Polaris". Eolaíocht Phoiblí. 181 (3): 5961. Meán Fómhair 1962. ISSN 0161-7370. - Jeon et al. (1998) J. Neurosci. 18, 8936 - James G. Fox; Stephen W. Barthold; Muriel T. Davisson; Christian E. Newcomer (2007). An luch i dtaighde bithleighis: Bithíocht Normative, Cothabháil, agus samhlacha. Phríomh-Aide Acadúil. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-12-369457-7. - Nicholas J. Wade; Josef Brožek (2001). Fís Purkinje. Lawrence Erlbaum Comhlach. C. 13. ISBN 978-0-8058-3642-4, agus tá sé ar fáil i mBéarla. - De réir mar a luaitear i: Grace Maxwell Fernald (1909). "Eifeacht na gComharthaí Achromatic ar Fhéiniméin Dath na Breathadh Imill". Forlíontaí Mhonagrafaíochta Síceolaíoch. Baltimore: An Cuideachta Foilsitheoireachta Athbhreithnithe. X (3): 9.

Type C is something you should look out for in your next device as it is expected to replace the older USB plugs and eventually all you will need are Type C connections. USB 3 A type A and Type B connector with the blue USB 3.0 compatibility. Unlike Type C that is a physical connector, this is a protocol that supports 5 gig bits per second If you are wondering about the difference between the USB 3.1, 3.0, 2.0 or even USB type C, type A etc, as some of them are used interchangeably and frequently. Let us help you sort out this little confusion while trying to explain all the types of USBs and focusing on the difference between USB 3.0 and type C all USB-C connectors are USB 3.0 (now renamed 3.1 gen 1) connectors, and sometimes even Thunderbolt connectors(if they'll meet criteria like 3.2 gen1 specification and proper pci line connection) USB 3.0(or 3.1) type A(which is important letter).. If you've spent time shopping or researching new consumer gadgets you will have heard about the new USB ports and standards. There's USB 3.0 and 3.1, and then there's something called USB-C, officially known as USB Type-C. You may be wondering what these are, whether they are the same thing, and wh USB-3 ports on a device are the same as traditional USB-2 ports, but they are colored blue. USB 3 has been revised to become USB 3.1 and 3.2. The newest 3.2 generations are Gen 1, Gen 2, and Gen 2×2. These newer versions are even faster than the original 3.0, which was ten times faster than USB 2.0 Forenote: USB 3.0 was renamed to USB 3.1 Gen 1 *sort of* Since you're asking about a hub, the controller is the part that defines the usb protocol (and therefore speed) which it supports. The connector which can handle USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5Gbps) is identical to one which can handle USB 3.1 Gen 2 (10Gbps) USB-C (formally known as USB Type-C) is a 24-pin USB connector system with a rotationally symmetrical connector.. The USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was published by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) and was finalized in August 2014. It was developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification. In July 2016, it was adopted by the IEC as IEC 62680-1-3 The different USB cable are: USB Type A, USB Type B and USB Type C. These types refer to the physical design of the plugs and ports. There are also two different versions of USB: USB 2.0 and USB 3.0, which refer to the functionality of USB connetors You are mixing up things here. USB 3.0 SuperSpeed (aka 3.1/3.2 Gen1) is just a specification which targets transfer speeds of 5 Gbit/s (625 MB/s) while USB A is a connector: Cables which support the USB 3.0 will have blue plastic inside USB A conn.. USB Type-C isn't the same thing as USB 3.1, though. USB Type-C is just a connector shape, and the underlying technology could just be USB 2 or USB 3.0. In fact, Nokia's N1 Android tablet uses a USB Type-C connector, but underneath it's all USB 2.0—not even USB 3.0. However, these technologies are closely related Nowadays, the appearance of USB Type-C connector and latest USB 3.1 standard bring many conveniences to consumers. However，many of them feel confused about the USB-C with USB 3.1 when they appear together in some website or product description. What make it worse is that even some website reviews mix them up. They ar The first thing to realise about USB-C is that it's not a new USB standard in the same way as USB 1.1, USB 2.0, USB 3.0 or the very latest USB 3.1 are The Difference Between USB-C and USB 3.0 Ports. USB-C and USB 3.0 ports are both very common, but it's important to appreciate that they're not the same thing. Mistakenly thinking the opposite will, at the very least, result in some frustratingly inconvenient situations. Back in 2009, the promise of USB 3.0 was a big deal Tip: To summarise: USB 3.1 and 3.2 use the same physical connector shapes, however more recent versions such as the Gen2x2 offer higher data transfer speeds than USB 3.0. USB Type-C The USB Type-C connector was developed by the USB Implementers Forum independently of the development of earlier USB protocols USB is stands of Universal Serial Bus, It was developed during the 1990s in order to make the connections between the computer and peripheral devices easier, Nowadays most people are speaking about micro USB types and USB type C in this article we will take a look at two types of USB and what is the difference between Micro USB VS USB type C. USB became so popular because of the compatibility. You are most likely to see the C connector on the device side for now as most computers are sticking with Type-A ports. This excludes the latest Macbook Pro which sports Thunderbolt 3 ports, designed by Intel, which happen to support USB C. You will find plenty of USB A to USB C cables that work on both USB 2.0 and 3.0 No, USB Type-C and USB 3.1 are Different. USB 3.1 is the latest industry standard for USB data transfer protocol, evolved from its previous generations, USB 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0. According to the USB 3.1 standard, the USB data transfer bandwidth has doubled to 10 Gbps from the USB 3.0 standard at 5 Gbps USB-C adapter. I vårt sortiment finner du, foruten USB-C-kabel, også smarte og enkle adaptere som for eksempel konverterer micro USB til USB Type-C. Vi har også adapter for USB 3.0 til USB Type-C. Med en adapter kan du for eksempel bruk en eldre lader for å lade en mobil med den nye kontakten To make matters more confusing, USB-A and USB-C ports can support various standards, anywhere from USB 2.0 to USB 3.1 Gen 2. Even worse, not everyone uses the same names for these protocols, so. The USB C-C cable is documented by Google as supporting USB 2.0, while the A-C cable supports USB 3.0 Gen 2.. A generic wall adapter with USB A port will not charge as fast as the OEM adapter. Generic fast chargers with USB A port don't support USB-PD; the fast charging they support is probably something like 5V/2A or about 10W, or in some cases it will just be 5V/1A Native USB-C accessories and USB-C monitors are also more commonplace. While USB4 is on the horizon, it's clear that USB-C will remain the standard connector for years to come.So whether you. Relationship with USB 3.1. The default protocol for the new USB-C connector is USB 3.1, which, at 10Gbps, is the same speed as Thunderbolt 1. USB Type-C ports can support a variety of different protocols allowing you to have adapters that can output HDMI, VGA, DisplayPort, or other types of connections streamlined into a single type of port The USB-A has a much larger physical connector than the Type C, Type C is around the same size as a micro-USB connector. Unlike, Type A, you won't need to try and insert it, flip it over and then flip it over once more just to find the right orientation when trying to make a connection USB-C ™ is an industry-standard connector that is designed to transmit both data and power for multiple protocols - unlike USB-A and USB-B connectors (both 2.0 and 3.0) which are designed for their respective USB protocols only more on that in a minute For example, if you have a USB 3.0, make sure you get a cable that supports 3.0 speeds. Otherwise you'll be limited to lower speeds. Remember: it's all about the cable. Why USB C is good Photo by Shiro hatori on Unsplash. Ok, so let's discuss USB C some more and lay out all its advantages USB-C is electrically compatible with older USB 3.0 ports. But because of the new shape of port, adapters or cables with appropriate plugs are indeed required if you want to connect anything that. The USB versions 0.8, 0.1 & 1.1 are outdated and no longer released or used widely. Along with the earlier versions USB 2.0, USB 3.0 and USB 3.1 are USB type-A models which means they look same outside and has backward compatibility USB Type-C can go as fast as any USB standard and it will launch with compliancy for 'USB 3.1'. This generational jump doubles the performance of USB 3.0 from 5Gbps to 10Gbps (equivalent to. USB standards have existed for many years, evolving and improving as technology needs and capabilities have increased. The USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) has recently released specifications for the USB Type C connector and USB 3.1 Gen 2 signal standard (also referred to as SuperSpeed+). In the table below one can see the progression of the USB signal standards beginning with USB 1.0 up to. Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C are becoming more common, and some people might be wondering exactly what, if any, is the difference. Our beginner's guides should have the answers you're looking for The introduction of new USB Type C and 3.1 standards has led to some confusion about supported data and power modes. Here's our guide to clear things up USB 3.0, USB 3.1, and USB 3.2 xHCI compliant host controllers all use the same xHCI host software stack. Similarly, Synopsys' USB device controller uses the same device software stack for USB 3.0, USB 3.1, and USB 3.2. However, 20Gbit/s throughput can reveal operating system and/or CPU and memory bottlenecks that were absent at 5Gbit/s or. USB-C stands for the shape and type of connector, which is the same for all USB-C cables but not all cables support the same kind of protocols and transfer speeds. To use a Thunderbolt 3 product from Akitio, a Thunderbolt 3 cable is required Med Dell-adapteren - USB-C til HDMI/VGA/Ethernet/USB 3.0 kan du koble til kablede nettverk via en Ethernet-port. Du kan dermed koble til Internett og jobbe produktivt i praktisk talt alle miljøer. Tilkobling til flere eksterne enheter via USB 3.0-port. Med Dell-adapteren kan du legge til utstyr uten å ofre USB-tilkobling Intel also provides a full fledged technology overview if you want to dive deeper into the Thunderbolt 3 standard.. USB-C & Thunderbolt 3 Adapters. The full range of Apple and third-party USB-C adapters will work with the Touch Bar MacBook Pro models.. In addition to other USB-C adapters, this includes the Apple USB-C to USB Adapter (MJ1M2AM/A), Apple USB-C Digital AV Multiport Adapter. USB-C is electrically compatible with older USB 3.0 ports. But because of the new shape of port, adapters or cables with appropriate plugs are indeed required if you want to connect anything that doesn't have the USB-C oval shape. Sometimes a new laptop will come with these; in other cases, you may have to purchase them separately Thunderbolt, announced earlier this year, offers twice the performance of the latest SuperSpeed USB (3.0) interconnect.So there is reason to believe it could someday overtake USB, the most. USB 3.0 is capable of data transfer speeds up to 5Gbps. USB 3.0 is also known as USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5Gbps). USB 3.1 is backwards compatible with USB 3.0 and USB 2.0, except in the following scenarios: USB-B 3.1 cables are not compatible with USB-B 2.0 ports. Unless you use an adapter, USB-C ports or cables will not work with USB-A or USB-B ports or. Most USB-C ports are built on the second-generation USB 3.1 data-transfer standard, which can theoretically deliver data at speeds of up to 10Gbps — twice as fast as USB 3.0 and first-gen USB 3. .0 and 3.0 are also backward compatible, which means one can plug a.0 wire in a USB 3.0 port, or vice versa. However, this will also affect the speed of data transfer. The increase in the data speed is due to the fact that USB 3.0 has more wires; this allows it to carry more data, hence effectively reducing the time taken to transfer the entire data From left to right, the most common USB connections (and their uses): Mini-USB (older cameras and hard drives), USB 3.0 Type-B (desktop hard drives), USB-C (future devices), Micro-USB (all manner. USB Type-C cable supports up to 130W* of power transmission along the same cable for compatible devices compared to 2.5W on its predecessors USB 2.0 or USB 3.0. This helps power devices like cellphones, tablets and also charge compatible laptops or ultra-books MacBook Pro (2016 and later) and iMac (2017) support Thunderbolt 3.0 with USB type C connector. Now it can be confusing at first when you mention Thunderbolt 3.0 and USB type C in the same sentence. But if you understand computer connectors and cables, it shouldn't be At the same time, a lot recognized brands focusing on cell phone accessories have followed suit including Belkin, Anker, Aukey, and Tronsmart who also follow the trend of launching USB-C products. which is 480Mbps while USB-C can transfer data at USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1) speeds, 5Gbps Yes. USB Type-C is backwards compatible with USB 2.0 and 3.0 devices. However, you'll need an adapter because the USB Type-C connector has a different shape to the connectors on USB 2.0 and 3.0 cables. Is USB Type-C the same as Firewire? No. USB and Firewire are different standards, though they do the same job of transferring data The results of this experiment is surprisingly consistent. For this particular product, USB-C connector works faster with a lot of small files while full-sized USB 3.0 works faster with large and medium files. Of course, I am going to state the obvious here: this does not indicate the speed of full-sized USB 3.0 vs. USB-C itself DisplayPort™ over USB Type-C enables the delivery of full DisplayPort A/V performance (driving monitor resolutions of 4K and beyond), SuperSpeed USB (USB 3.1) data and up to 100 watts of power with the convenience of reversible plug orientation and cable direction USB came a long way from when it was first introduced and will continue to advance in the future. When it comes to USB 3.1 Gen 1 and Gen 2, the only difference is speed and they're backwards compatible with USB 3.0 and USB 2.0. In the future, with newer generations of USB standards and the arrival of USB-C, there will be even better improvements USB-C Power Delivery: An Intro. USB-PD, or USB-C Power Delivery, is a new protocol specification that allows for faster and more flexible charging. It was developed concurrently with USB Type-C (USB-C) which is the physical connection, and it is a subset of the new USB 3.1 standards. What this means is that USB C to USB 3.0? I am considering getting the Quest 2, however, my PC doesn't have a USB C port, and I noticed that they're only selling a USB C to USB C cord on the site, plus it's $80. Is there a recommended USB C to USB 3.0 cord I could get instead for use of the Quest 2 with my PC IS USB TYPE-C THE SAME AS USB 3.1? Although USB-C and USB 3.1 were developed at the same time, they are not the same thing. USB 3.1 is an upgrade from the familiar USB 2.0, and more recent USB 3.0, offering significantly faster data transfer. USB-C is not backward compatible, however we offer USB-C cables and adapters for your every need In addition to being rechargeable, its data transfer speed is not that fast, only up to 5Gb/s, it's basically called ' USB 3.0 ' or ' USB 3.1 Gen 1 ' later. The 2nd Apple USB Type-C device is the MacBook Pro 2016, this time the USB-C port is based on Thunderbolt 3 technology, the bandwidth is relatively high and the data throughput is up to 40Gb/s While often associated with USB 3.2 Gen 2 and Gen 2 2×2, USB-C is not the same thing. USB letter types, like A, B, and C, denote the shape and form of the port and connector, while the number. USB Power Delivery — more commonly known as USB PD, is gradually growing to become a universal standard for several devices with the same charger. It works over a standard USB connection and you. , cables for fast data transfer, HDMI or other display adapters, hubs, docks, wall chargers, and dongles CSV-1537 The SenseVision USB Type-C to DP 1.2 + USB 3.0 + Type-C Charging Mini Dock is a compact Mini Docking with DisplayPort™ 1.2 and USB outputs for your USB Type-C enabled laptop or Ultrabook. Add a 4K UHD monitor or TV with up to 3840x2160p UHD resolution through the DisplayPort™ 1.2 output while the USB 3.0 Type-A port allows you to use USB sticks, peripherals and HDD's USB 3.0 is compatible with USB 2.0. However, the USB 3.0 product will perform at the same level as a USB 2.0 product, so speed and power benefits will not be fully realized. USB 3.0 receptacles are electrically compatible with USB Standard 2.0 device plugs if they physically match It's USB C to USB 3.1 Gen 2. There is no SS or blue pin indicator, but this is indeed USB c to USB 3.1 Gen 2. I tested it with drives that got read/write of 950MBs/950MBs which is in the gen 2 range of up to 1250MBs USB Type-C also delivered higher data transfer rates and higher charging voltages/currents. When USB 3.1 arrived, so did USB PD 2.0. Now, USB 3.2 has been released as has PD 3.0. It is useful to review some of the changes from PD 2.0 to the current 3.0 revision of the standard as well as elements of PD compliance testing Connecting USB 3.0 and 3.1 to USB 2.0 Slots. It's possible to connect USB 3.0 and 3.1 devices to 2.0 slots, but keep in mind that the speed will only reach that of the USB 2.0, which is 480 Mb/s as opposed to the much faster 5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s. Both the device and slot should be the same for the most optimal speed Though USB-C is more commonly used, USB Type-C is the official name of the standard as listed on USB.org. USB-C Features. The USB-C interface has three main features: It has a flippable connector. The interface is designed in a way that the plug can be flipped relative to the receptacle. It supports USB 2.0, USB 3.0 and USB 3.1 Gen 2 standards USB-C power for laptops is still complicated - and here's why. The Infinity interchangeable magnetic cable supports USB-C Power Delivery up to 100W, but that doesn't mean you can just plug in and. USB 3.0 and 3.1 Gen1 are both exactly the same ports. Same rate of transfer, power delivery, everything. 3.1 Gen1 is just a rebrand of 3.0. So, if you ever see a Gen1 port don't get misguided as if its faster than USB 3.0. With that out of the way, let's talk about Gen2. USB 3.1 Gen2 is twice as fast as USB 3.0 and 3.1 Gen1 This same chip controls the standard USB 3.0 Type A square ports. Many PC makers simply plumb this signal into the oval USB Type C connector. This is actually the most common solution because it. After some update of USB 3.0 eXtensible Host Controller Driver - my USB-C port dosen't see any devices except 3.0 devices. Iphone 6 - no (churging is ok) USB hubs - no (hub light indicator works) USB 2.0 devices - no. USB 3.0 drives and storage devices - yes. Device - ASUS ZenBook UX306UA WIN10 PRO - fully updated. Processor - Intel Core i7 6500 As more products are enabled with USB-C connectors, it is possible to have a mix of USB Standard A and USB-C devices, which need to use the same DisplayLink enabled product. USB Universality can be maintained by using simple USB cables to connect USB devices or convert between USB Standard A/B and USB-C connectors The new version, i.e., USB C (3.0) is more versatile and even more renowned and preferred for every gadget out there be it laptop, be it computer, be it phones, etc. the manufacturers have rightly said that USB C is the future technology and even Apple has accepted it in their MacBook for faster transmission and compatibility which has triggered the users The USB 3.0 Promoter Group (with Apple, HP, Intel, Microsoft and others as members) says that the 3.2 spec will be finalized by the end of 2017, so don't expect to see any devices until then USB 3.0, USB 3.0 with Power Delivery, USB 3.1, and USB 3.1 with Power Delivery Another new feature of the USB Type-C connector is its ability to send DisplayPort signals over the same cable and connector as USB signals; once a defining advantage of Thunderbolt over USB USB 3.0 (SuperSpeed USB) USB 3.0 is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard for computer connectivity. Among other improvements, USB 3.0 adds a new transfer mode called SuperSpeed (SS), capable of transferring data at up to 5 Gbits/s (625 MB/s), which is more than ten times as fast as the 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s) high speed of USB 2.0 USB Type-C is the new standard which will give better data transfer speeds and much more. Read our article to know exactly how much better it is from USB3.0 Just like USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 shared a connector, USB-C specs can differ for the same plug. The iPad Pro uses the latest USB 3.1 gen 2 , which can transfer data at up to 10 Gbps CSV-1530 The SenseVision USB Type-C to Ethernet + USB 3.0 + USB Type-C Charging Mini Dock is a portable and convenient tool for your USB Type-C enabled Laptop or Ultrabook. The integrated RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet port provides a fast and stable wired network connection in places where a Wireless signal is too weak or unsafe. The SuperSpeed USB 3.0 Type-A port connects your USB Sticks, Peripherals. USB 3.1 Gen 1 is exactly the same the USB 3.0, so you'll get the same 5Gb/s speed regardless of what the case's front USB ports are (assuming they're at least 3.0, of course). If you motherboard has USB 3.1 Gen 2, then it depends on what your case's port are USB-IF Apple could have undoubtedly made things clearer by saying the connector was USB 3.0, but that doesn't sound as cool at USB 3.1 Gen 1 I guess A single 10 Gb/s lane, hence same electromechanics, but the introduction of SuperSpeedPlus changes much under the hood, part of which is mentioned above. With the 128b/132b encoding, the raw data throughput rises to ~9.7 Gb/s, which is 2.4 times better than USB 3.0. USB 3.2: SuperSpeedPlus again, supporting two lanes of 10 Gb/s each Connections used to be easy. USB, Firewire, Display Port, no problem. Now we have USB 3.1, USB-C, and Thunderbolt 3. Not so easy because they all can share the same cable and use the same transfer protocols or not USB 3.2 Uses Same Cables, Doubles Data Rates. You can thank the USB 3.0 Promoter Group for thinking ahead and ensuring our existing USB Type-C cables are future-proof USB C Hub HDMI Adapter,QGeeM 7 in 1 Type C Hub to HDMI 4k,3 USB 3.0 Ports,100W Power Delivery,SD/TF Card Readers Compatible with MacBook Pro 13/15(Thunderbolt 3),2018 Mac Air,Chromebook USB C Adapter 4.5 out of 5 stars 8,07 Nedis USB C HUb 2x USB-C 2x USB 3.0 with Power Delivery 100 W Svart (3) USB-C til 2 x USB-A 3.1 Power Delivery for hurtiglading Drives via USB-C 379,-Legg i handlevogn. 379,-Legg i handlevogn. Nettlager Lagershop Elegant USB-C-hub til iMac/iMac Pro (2017 og senere) Satechi USB-C Clamp. Brad Saunders, USB 3.0 Promoter Group chairman, explained further: When we introduced USB Type-C to the market, we intended to assure that USB Type-C cables and connectors certified for.

<urn:uuid:d91ee0b1-4642-49c7-98b9-abb4a1e94994>

CC-MAIN-2021-25

https://ding-nemocnici-word.com/usb-c-power-delivery/89fp7180g6

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487614006.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20210614232115-20210615022115-00251.warc.gz

en

Is rud é an cineál C ba chóir duit a bheith ag faire amach i do chéad ghléas eile mar táthar ag súil go n-athróidh sé na plóga USB níos sine agus sa deireadh ní bheidh uait ach naisc Cineál C. USB 3 A cineál A agus cineál B nasc le comhoiriúnacht USB 3.0 gorm. Murab ionann agus Cineál C atá ina cheangail fhisiciúil, is prótacal é seo a thacaíonn le 5 gigabits in aghaidh an tsoicind Má tá tú ag smaoineamh ar an difríocht idir USB 3.1, 3.0, 2.0 nó fiú USB cineál C, cineál A srl, mar go n-úsáidtear cuid acu go hidirmhalartaithe agus go minic. Lig dúinn cabhrú leat an mearbhall beag seo a shocrú agus muid ag iarraidh na cineálacha USBanna go léir a mhíniú agus ag díriú ar an difríocht idir USB 3.0 agus cineál C. Is iad na nascóirí USB-C go léir USB 3.0 (a athainmníodh anois 3.1 gen 1) nascóirí, agus uaireanta fiú nascóirí Thunderbolt ((má chomhlíonann siad critéir cosúil le sonraíocht 3.2 gen1 agus nasc líne PCI ceart) USB 3.0 ((nó 3.1) cineál A ((a bhfuil litreach tábhachtach).. Má chaith tú am ag siopadóireacht nó ag taighde gadgets tomhaltóirí nua beidh tú a chuala faoi na calafoirt agus caighdeáin USB nua. Tá USB 3.0 agus 3.1, agus ansin tá rud éigin ar a dtugtar USB-C, ar a dtugtar go hoifigiúil mar USB Cineál-C. B'fhéidir go bhfuil tú ag smaoineamh cad iad seo, cibé acu an bhfuil siad an rud céanna, agus wh USB-3 calafoirt ar gléas atá mar an gcéanna le traidisiúnta USB-2 calafoirt, ach tá siad datha gorm. Athbhreithníodh USB 3 chun bheith ina USB 3.1 agus 3.2. Is iad na glúine 3.2 is nua ná Gen 1, Gen 2, agus Gen 2 × 2. Tá na leaganacha níos nuaí níos tapúla ná an bunaidh 3.0, a bhí deich n-uaire níos tapúla ná USB 2.0 Forenote: USB 3.0 a athainmníodh go USB 3.1 Gen 1 * cineál * Ós rud é go bhfuil tú ag iarraidh faoi mhonarcha, is é an rialaitheoir an chuid a shainmhíníonn an prótacal usb (agus dá bhrí sin luas) a thacaíonn sé. Is é an cóncaire a fhéadann USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5Gbps) a láimhseáil comhionann le ceann a fhéadann USB 3.1 Gen 2 (10Gbps) a láimhseáil USB-C (ar a dtugtar USB Type-C go foirmiúil) córas cóncaire USB 24-pin le cóncaire simitéireach rothlach. Foilsíodh an USB Type-C Specification 1.0 ag Fóram na gCuir chun feidhme USB (USB-IF) agus críochnaíodh é i mí Lúnasa 2014. Forbraíodh é ag an am céanna le sonraíocht USB 3.1. I mí Iúil 2016, ghlac an IEC é mar IEC 62680-1-3 Is iad na cáblaí USB éagsúla: USB Type A, USB Type B agus USB Type C. Tagraíonn na cineálacha seo do dhearadh fisiceach na plóga agus na gcalafoirt. Tá dhá leagan éagsúla de USB ann freisin: USB 2.0 agus USB 3.0, a thagraíonn do fheidhmiúlacht na n-ionad USB. Tá tú ag mealladh rudaí anseo. Is sonraíocht amháin é USB 3.0 SuperSpeed (aka 3.1/3.2 Gen1) a bhfuil luasanna aistrithe 5 Gbit / s (625 MB / s) mar sprioc aige agus is nascóir é USB A: Beidh plaisteach gorm taobh istigh de USB A conn .. Is cuma cuma cuma nascóir é USB Type-C, agus d'fhéadfadh an teicneolaíocht bhunúsach a bheith ach USB 2 nó USB 3.0. Go deimhin, úsáideann táibléad Android N1 Nokia nasc USB Cineál-C, ach faoi bhun tá sé go léir USB 2.0 ní fiú USB 3.0. Tá na teicneolaíochtaí seo, áfach, ceangailte go dlúth le chéile Sa lá atá inniu ann, tugann an chuma ar nasc USB Type-C agus an caighdeán USB 3.1 is déanaí go leor áiseanna do thomhaltóirí. Mar sin féin, is minic a bhraitheann go bhfuil USB-C agus USB 3.1 mícheart nuair a bhíonn siad le chéile ar shuíomh gréasáin nó i gclár táirge. Cad a dhéanamh níos measa é go fiú roinnt athbhreithnithe láithreán gréasáin mix iad suas. Is é an chéad rud a thuiscint faoi USB-C nach bhfuil sé caighdeán USB nua ar an mbealach céanna mar USB 1.1, USB 2.0, USB 3.0 nó an ceann is déanaí USB 3.1 atá an difríocht idir USB-C agus USB 3.0 calafoirt. Tá USB-C agus USB 3.0 calafoirt araon an-choitianta, ach tá sé tábhachtach a thuiscint nach bhfuil siad an rud céanna. Má cheapann tú go mícheart go bhfuil sé sin ar an gcuma eile, beidh, ar a laghad, roinnt cásanna míchompordacha frustrach mar thoradh air. Ar ais i 2009, bhí an gealltanas USB 3.0 a bhí i gceist mór Leideanna: Chun achoimre a dhéanamh: Úsáidtear na cruthanna cóncairí fisiciúla céanna ag USB 3.1 agus 3.2, ach cuireann leaganacha níos déanaí mar Gen2x2 luasanna aistrithe sonraí níos airde ná USB 3.0. USB Type-C Forbraíodh an nasc USB Type-C ag Fóram Feidhmeoirí USB go neamhspleách ar fhorbairt na bprótacail USB roimhe seo USB is seasamh de Universal Serial Bus, Forbraíodh é le linn na 1990idí d'fhonn naisc idir an ríomhaire agus feistí imeallach a dhéanamh níos éasca, Sa lá atá inniu ann tá an chuid is mó daoine ag caint faoi chineálacha micro USB agus USB cineál C san alt seo beimid ag féachaint ar dhá chineál USB agus cad é an difríocht idir Micro USB VS USB cineál C. Tháinig USB chomh tóir mar gheall ar an gcomhoiriúnacht. Is dócha go bhfeicfidh tú an nasc C ar thaobh an ghléas faoi láthair mar go bhfuil an chuid is mó de na ríomhairí ag cloí le calafoirt Cineál-A. Tá an MacBook Pro is déanaí, a bhfuil calafoirt Thunderbolt 3 aige, deartha ag Intel, a thacaíonn le USB C, eisiata. Gheobhaidh tú go leor cáblaí USB A go USB C a oibríonn ar USB 2.0 agus 3.0 araon. Is é USB 3.1 an caighdeán tionscail is déanaí le haghaidh prótacal aistrithe sonraí USB, a tháinig chun cinn óna ghlúin roimhe seo, USB 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 agus 3.0. De réir chaighdeán USB 3.1, tá an bandleithid aistrithe sonraí USB dúbailte go 10 Gbps ó chaighdeán USB 3.0 ag 5 Gbps Códaitheoir USB-C. Iár réimse is féidir leat, foruten USB-C-caibéal, freisin adapter smart agus simplí a fháil mar shampla converter micro USB go USB Cineál-C. Tá adapter againn freisin le haghaidh USB 3.0 go USB Cineál-C. Níos measa fós, ní úsáideann gach duine na hainmneacha céanna do na prótacail seo, mar sin. Tá an cábla USB C-C doiciméadaithe ag Google mar thacaíocht USB 2.0, agus tacaíonn an cábla A-C USB 3.0 Gen 2.. Ní bheidh oiriúnaí balla ginearálta le port USB A ag luí chomh tapa le oiriúnaí OEM. Ní thacaíonn muirir gasta ginearálta le port USB A le USB-PD; is dócha go bhfuil an muirear gasta a thacaíonn siad le rud éigin cosúil le 5V / 2A nó thart ar 10W, nó i gcásanna áirithe ní bheidh ann ach 5V / 1A Tá gabhálais USB-C dúchasacha agus monatóirí USB-C níos coitianta freisin. Cé go bhfuil USB4 ar an bhfód, is léir go mbeidh USB-C mar an nasc caighdeánach le blianta fada amach romhainn. Caidreamh le USB 3.1. Is é USB 3.1 an prótacal réamhshocraithe don nasc USB-C nua, a bhfuil an luas céanna le Thunderbolt 1 ag 10Gbps. Is féidir le calafoirt USB Type-C tacú le éagsúlacht prótacail éagsúla a ligeann duit oiriúnaithe a bheith agat ar féidir leo HDMI, VGA, DisplayPort, nó cineálacha eile nasc a aschur a shruthlú isteach i gcineál amháin calafoirt Tá nasc fisiciúil i bhfad níos mó ag an USB-A ná an cineál C, tá an cineál C thart ar an méid céanna le nasc micro-USB. Murab ionann agus, Cineál A, ní gá duit iarracht a dhéanamh é a chur isteach, é a chasadh agus é a chasadh arís ach an treo ceart a fháil nuair a bhíonn sé ag iarraidh nasc a dhéanamh USB-C TM is nasc caighdeánach tionscail é atá deartha chun sonraí agus cumhacht a tharchur le haghaidh ilphrótacail - murab ionann agus USB-A agus USB-B nascanna (an dá 2.0 agus 3.0) atá deartha le haghaidh a bprótacail USB faoi seach ach níos mó ar sin i nóiméad Mar shampla, má tá USB 3.0 agat, déan cinnte go bhfaighidh tú cábla a thacaíonn le luasanna 3.0. Seachas sin beidh tú a bheith teoranta do luasanna níos ísle. Cuimhnigh: tá sé go léir faoi an cábla. Cén fáth go bhfuil USB C go maith Photo by Shiro hatori on Unsplash. Ok, mar sin a ligean ar plé USB C beagán níos mó agus a leagan amach a chuid buntáistí USB-C tá sé comhoiriúnach go leictreach le sean USB 3.0 calafoirt. Ach mar gheall ar an cruth nua de phort, oiriúnaithe nó cáblaí le plóga iomchuí i ndáiríre a cheanglaítear más mian leat aon rud a cheangal go. Tá na leaganacha USB 0.8, 0.1 & 1.1 in aois agus ní scaoiltear ná ní úsáidtear go forleathan iad a thuilleadh. Chomh maith leis na leaganacha níos luaithe USB 2.0, USB 3.0 agus USB 3.1 tá samhlacha USB cineál-A a chiallaíonn go bhfuil cuma chéanna acu taobh amuigh agus go bhfuil comhoiriúnacht siar Is féidir le USB Type-C dul chomh tapa le haon chaighdeán USB agus seolfar é le comhoiriúnacht le 'USB 3.1'. Déantar an léim ghlúin seo a dhéanamh ar fheidhmíocht USB 3.0 ó 5Gbps go 10Gbps (coibhéiseach le. Tá caighdeáin USB ann le blianta fada, ag forbairt agus ag feabhsú de réir mar a mhéadaíonn riachtanais agus cumas na teicneolaíochta. Tá sonraíochtaí scaoilte ag Fóram na gCuirfidh USB (USB-IF) le déanaí don nasc USB Cineál C agus caighdeán comhartha USB 3.1 Gen 2 (ar a dtugtar SuperSpeed + freisin). Sa tábla thíos is féidir dul chun cinn na gcaighdeáin comhartha USB a fheiceáil ag tosú le USB 1.0 suas go dtí. Tá Thunderbolt 3 agus USB-C ag éirí níos coitianta, agus d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh daoine ag fiafraí go díreach cad é, más ann, an difríocht. Ba chóir go mbeadh na freagraí atá á lorg agat ag ár dtreoracha do thosaitheoirí Mar thoradh ar na caighdeáin nua USB Type C agus 3.1 a thabhairt isteach, tá roinnt mearbhall ann maidir le modhanna sonraí agus cumhachta a dtacaítear leo. Seo ár dtreoir chun rudaí a ghlanadh USB 3.0, USB 3.1 agus USB 3.2 rialaitheoirí óstach comhlíonta xHCI gach úsáid an cithfholcadh bogearraí óstach xHCI céanna. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, úsáideann rialaitheoir feistí USB Synopsys an stac bogearraí feistí céanna le haghaidh USB 3.0, USB 3.1 agus USB 3.2. Mar sin féin, is féidir le 20Gbit/s a thraschur a nochtadh córas oibriúcháin agus/nó CPU agus cuimhne bottlenecks a bhí as láthair ag 5Gbit/s nó. Is éard atá i USB-C ná cruth agus cineál an nascaire, atá mar an gcéanna do gach cábla USB-C ach ní thacaíonn gach cábla leis an gcineál céanna prótacail agus luasanna aistrithe. Chun táirge Thunderbolt 3 ó Akitio a úsáid, teastaíonn cábla Thunderbolt 3 Med Dell-adapteren - USB-C til HDMI/VGA/Ethernet/USB 3.0 kan du koble til kabelde netværk via en Ethernet-port. Is féidir leat a bheith ceangailte leis an Idirlíon agus oibriú go táirgiúil i mbeagnach gach timpeallacht. Tilkobling go níos mó gléasanna seachtracha trí USB 3.0-port. Med Dell-adapteren kan du legge til utstyr uten å ofra USB-tilkobling soláthraíonn Intel forbhreathnú teicneolaíochta iomlán freisin más mian leat dul níos doimhne isteach i gcaighdeán Thunderbolt 3. Oibreoidh an raon iomlán oiriúnaithe USB-C Apple agus tríú páirtí le samhlacha MacBook Pro Touch Bar. Chomh maith le hionchuir USB-C eile, áirítear leis an Apple USB-C go USB Adapter (MJ1M2AM / A), Apple USB-C Digital AV Multiport Adapter. Tá USB-C comhoiriúnach go leictreach le sean-phort USB 3.0. Ach mar gheall ar an cruth nua de phort, oiriúnaithe nó cáblaí le plóga iomchuí i ndáiríre a cheangal más mian leat aon rud nach bhfuil an USB-C oval cruth. Uaireanta beidh ríomhaire glúine nua teacht leis seo; i gcásanna eile, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh tú chun iad a cheannach ar leithligh Thunderbolt, a fógraíodh níos luaithe i mbliana, a thairgeann dhá uair an fheidhmíocht an SuperSpeed USB is déanaí (3.0) interconnect.So tá cúis a chreidiúint go bhféadfadh sé lá éigin a bhaint amach USB, an chuid is mó. Tá USB 3.0 in ann luasanna aistrithe sonraí suas le 5Gbps a bhaint amach. Tugtar USB 3.0 ar USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5Gbps) freisin. Tá USB 3.1 comhoiriúnach siar le USB 3.0 agus USB 2.0, ach amháin sna cásanna seo a leanas: ní bhíonn cáblaí USB-B 3.1 comhoiriúnach le calafoirt USB-B 2.0. Mura n-úsáidtear oiriúnaí, ní oibreoidh calafoirt nó cáblaí USB-C le calafoirt USB-A nó USB-B nó le calafoirt USB-C. Tá an chuid is mó de na calafoirt USB-C tógtha ar an dara glúin USB 3.1 caighdeáin aistrithe sonraí, a d'fhéadfadh go teoiriciúil a sheachadadh sonraí ag luasanna suas le 10Gbps dhá uair chomh tapa mar USB 3.0 agus an chéad-gen USB 3. Tá .0 agus 3.0 comhoiriúnach siar freisin, rud a chiallaíonn gur féidir le duine sreang a.0 a cheangal i gcalafort USB 3.0, nó a mhalairt. Ach beidh tionchar ag an méid sin ar luas na n-aistriú sonraí freisin. Tá an méadú ar luas na sonraí mar gheall ar an bhfíric go bhfuil níos mó sreanganna ag USB 3.0; tugann sé seo deis dó níos mó sonraí a iompar, agus dá bhrí sin an t-am a thógtar chun an sonraí iomlán a aistriú a laghdú ó chlé go ceart, naisc USB is coitianta (agus a n-úsáidí): Mini-USB (camaraí níos sine agus tiomántáin chrua), USB 3.0 Cineál-B (timpeallachtaí crua deisce), USB-C (uirlisí sa todhchaí), Micro-USB (i ngach slí). Tacaíonn cábla USB Type-C le suas le 130W* tarchur cumhachta ar feadh an chábla céanna le haghaidh feistí comhoiriúnach i gcomparáid le 2.5W ar a réamhtheachtaí USB 2.0 nó USB 3.0. Cabhraíonn sé seo le feistí cumhachta cosúil le fóin phóca, táibléid agus freisin le ríomhairí glúine comhoiriúnach nó ultra-leabhair MacBook Pro (2016 agus níos déanaí) agus iMac (2017) tacú le Thunderbolt 3.0 le nasc USB cineál C. Anois is féidir é a bheith mearbhall ar dtús nuair a luaigh tú Thunderbolt 3.0 agus USB cineál C sa abairt chéanna. Ach má thuigeann tú nascóirí ríomhaire agus cáblaí, níor cheart go mbeadh sé ag an am céanna, leanann go leor brandaí aitheanta ag díriú ar chúlpháirtí fón póca, lena n-áirítear Belkin, Anker, Aukey, agus Tronsmart a leanann an treocht freisin chun táirgí USB-C a sheoladh. Is é sin 480Mbps agus is féidir le USB-C sonraí a aistriú ag USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1) luasanna, 5Gbps Sea, tá. Tá USB Type-C comhoiriúnach siar le feistí USB 2.0 agus 3.0. Mar sin féin, beidh gá le hionadóir agat toisc go bhfuil cruth difriúil ag an nasc USB Cineál-C leis na nascanna ar cáblaí USB 2.0 agus 3.0. An bhfuil USB Type-C mar an gcéanna le Firewire? Níl. Tá caighdeáin éagsúla ag USB agus Firewire, cé go ndéanann siad an obair chéanna maidir le sonraí a aistriú Tá torthaí an turgnaimh seo comhsheasmhach go héasca. Maidir leis an táirge áirithe seo, oibríonn nasc USB-C níos tapúla le go leor comhaid bheaga agus oibríonn USB 3.0 lánmhéide níos tapúla le comhaid mhóra agus mheánmhéide. Ar ndóigh, táim chun an rud atá soiléir a rá anseo: ní léiríonn sé seo luas USB 3.0 lánmhéide i gcoinne USB-C féin DisplayPort TM thar USB Type-C a chuireann ar chumas feidhmíocht iomlán DisplayPort A / V a sheachadadh (réitigh monatóireachta tiomána 4K agus níos faide), sonraí SuperSpeed USB (USB 3.1) agus suas le 100 watt cumhachta le háisiúlacht treoshuíomh plug inchomparáide agus treo cábla USB tháinig sé ar bhealach fada ó nuair a tugadh isteach é den chéad uair agus leanfaidh sé ag dul chun cinn sa todhchaí. Nuair a thagann sé chun USB 3.1 Gen 1 agus Gen 2, an t-aon difríocht is luas agus tá siad ar ais ag luí le USB 3.0 agus USB 2.0. Sa todhchaí, le glúin níos nuaí de chaighdeáin USB agus teacht USB-C, beidh feabhsuithe níos fearr fós USB-C Power Delivery: An Intro. Is sonraíocht phrótacail nua é USB-PD, nó USB-C Power Delivery, a cheadaíonn muirir níos tapúla agus níos solúbtha. Forbraíodh é ag an am céanna le USB Type-C (USB-C) is é an nasc fisiceach, agus is fo-sóite de na caighdeáin nua USB 3.1 é. Cad a chiallaíonn sé seo go bhfuil USB C go USB 3.0? Tá mé ag smaoineamh ar a fháil ar an Quest 2, áfach, níl mo ríomhaire USB C port, agus thug mé faoi deara go bhfuil siad ag díol ach USB C le USB C cód ar an suíomh, móide tá sé $ 80. An bhfuil aon USB C a mholtar go USB 3.0 cordon d'fhéadfainn a fháil in ionad chun úsáid a bhaint as an Quest 2 le mo ríomhaire IS USB TYPE-C SAM AS USB 3.1? Cé gur forbraíodh USB-C agus USB 3.1 ag an am céanna, ní hé an rud céanna iad. Is é USB 3.1 uasghrádú ón USB 2.0 eolach, agus USB 3.0 níos déanaí, a thairgeann aistrithe sonraí i bhfad níos tapúla. Ní USB-C comhoiriúnach siar, áfach, cuirimid USB-C cáblaí agus oiriúnaithe do gach riachtanas Chomh maith le bheith in-athchúrsáilte, ní bhíonn a luas aistrithe sonraí chomh tapa sin, ach suas le 5Gb / s, is é ' USB 3.0 ' nó ' USB 3.1 Gen 1 ' a thugtar air ina dhiaidh sin. Is é an dara gléas Apple USB Type-C an MacBook Pro 2016, an uair seo tá an calafort USB-C bunaithe ar theicneolaíocht Thunderbolt 3, tá an bandaleithead réasúnta ard agus tá an t-aistriú sonraí suas le 40Gb / s Cé go bhfuil baint go minic le USB 3.2 Gen 2 agus Gen 2 2 × 2, ní hé USB-C an rud céanna. Léiríonn cineálacha litreacha USB, cosúil le A, B, agus C, cruth agus cruth an phort agus an nasc, agus an uimhir. Tá USB Power Delivery ar a dtugtar USB PD níos coitianta, ag fás de réir a chéile chun bheith ina chaighdeán uilíoch do roinnt feistí leis an luchtaire céanna. Oibríonn sé thar nasc USB caighdeánach agus tú. Cáblaí chun sonraí a aistriú go tapa, HDMI nó oiriúnaithe taispeána eile, moltaí, doic, luchtaithe balla, agus donglaí CSV-1537 Is Mini Docking compacta é an SenseVision USB Type-C go DP 1.2 + USB 3.0 + Type-C Charging Mini Docking le DisplayPort TM 1.2 agus aschuir USB do do ríomhaire glúine nó Ultrabook a chumasú le USB Type-C. Cuir monatóireacht 4K UHD nó teilifís le réiteach suas le 3840x2160p UHD tríd an aschur DisplayPort TM 1.2 agus tugann an calafort USB 3.0 Type-A deis duit bataí USB, forfheistí agus USB 3.0 HDD a úsáid atá comhoiriúnach le USB 2.0. Mar sin féin, beidh feidhmíocht an táirge USB 3.0 ar an leibhéal céanna le táirge USB 2.0, mar sin ní bheidh na buntáistí a bhaineann le luas agus cumhacht tugtha chun críche go hiomlán. Tá gabhdóirí USB 3.0 comhoiriúnach go leictreach le plóga feistí USB Standard 2.0 má chomhoiriúnachann siad go fisiciúil Is é USB C go USB 3.1 Gen 2. Níl aon SS nó léargas pin gorm, ach is é seo i ndáiríre USB c go USB 3.1 Gen 2. Rinne mé tástáil air le tiomántáin a fuair léigh / scríobh de 950MBs / 950MBs atá sa raon gen 2 suas le 1250MBs Thug USB Type-C rátaí aistrithe sonraí níos airde agus voltais/sreabhadh muirear níos airde. Nuair a tháinig USB 3.1, tháinig USB PD 2.0 freisin. Anois, tá USB 3.2 scaoilte mar atá PD 3.0. Tá sé úsáideach athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar chuid de na hathruithe ó PD 2.0 go dtí an t-athbhreithniú 3.0 reatha ar an gcaighdeán chomh maith le heilimintí de thástáil chomhlíontachta PD Connecting USB 3.0 and 3.1 to USB 2.0 Slots. Tá sé indéanta feistí USB 3.0 agus 3.1 a nascadh le slát 2.0 ach coinnigh i gcuimhne nach sroichfidh an luas ach an luas a bhaineann le USB 2.0, ar 480 Mb / s é i gcomparáid leis an 5 Gb / s agus 10 Gb / s i bhfad níos tapúla. Ba chóir go mbeadh an gléas agus an sliotán araon mar an gcéanna chun an luas is fearr a bhaint amach Cé go n-úsáidtear USB-C níos minice, is é USB Type-C ainm oifigiúil an chaighdeáin mar atá liostaithe ar USB.org. Feidhmeanna USB-C. Tá trí phríomhghné ag an comhéadan USB-C: Tá nasc flippable aige. Tá an comhéadan deartha ar bhealach gur féidir an pluga a chasadh i ndáil leis an gcoimeádán. Tacaíonn sé le caighdeáin USB 2.0, USB 3.0 agus USB 3.1 Gen 2 Tá cumhacht USB-C do ríomhairí glúine fós casta - agus seo an fáth. Tacaíonn an cábla maighnéadach in-athsholáthraithe Infinity le USB-C Power Delivery suas le 100W, ach ní chiallaíonn sé sin gur féidir leat é a cheangal isteach agus a chur ar shiúl. Tá USB 3.0 agus 3.1 Gen1 araon díreach na calafoirt céanna. An ráta céanna aistrithe, soláthar cumhachta, gach rud. 3.1 Gen1 Is ach rebrand de 3.0. Mar sin, má fhaigheann tú amach port Gen1 ná bíodh meabhlaíocht ort mar go bhfuil sé níos tapúla ná USB 3.0. Agus sin amach as an mbealach, a ligean ar labhairt faoi Gen2. Tá USB 3.1 Gen2 dhá uair níos tapúla ná USB 3.0 agus 3.1 Gen1 Rialaíonn an sliseanna céanna na calafoirt chearnacha USB 3.0 Cineál A caighdeánacha. Ní gá ach an comhartha seo a chur isteach i gceangail uibheach USB Cineál C. Is é seo i ndáiríre an réiteach is coitianta toisc go bhfuil sé. Tar éis roinnt nuashonruithe ar Thiománaí Rialaithe Óstach In-leathraithe USB 3.0 - ní fheiceann mo phort USB-C aon ghléas ach amháin ghléasanna 3.0. iPhone 6 - níl (churging is ok) USB hubs - níl (oibríonn léargas táscaire hub) feistí USB 2.0 - níl. USB 3.0 tiománaí agus feistí stórála - tá. Áis - ASUS ZenBook UX306UA WIN10 PRO - nuashonraithe go hiomlán. Próiseálaí - Intel Core i7 6500 De réir mar a chumasú níos mó táirgí le nascóirí USB-C, is féidir meascán de ghléasanna USB Standard A agus USB-C a bheith agat, a chaithfidh an táirge céanna a chumasú le DisplayLink a úsáid. Is féidir Universality USB a chothabháil trí bhíthin cáblaí USB simplí a úsáid chun feistí USB a nascadh nó chun iad a thiontú idir nascóirí USB Standard A / B agus USB-C. Is é an leagan nua, i.e., USB C (3.0) níos ilchineálaí agus níos mó aitheanta agus is fearr le haghaidh gach gaistí amuigh ansin bíodh sé glúine, bíodh sé ríomhaire, bíodh sé fóin, srl. Dúirt na monaróirí go ceart gurb é USB C an teicneolaíocht sa todhchaí agus fiú Apple gur ghlac Apple leis ina MacBook le haghaidh tarchur agus comhoiriúnacht níos tapúla a chuir úsáideoirí i gcontúirt Deir an Grúpa Tacaíochta USB 3.0 (le Apple, HP, Intel, Microsoft agus daoine eile mar bhaill) go mbeidh an 3.2 sonraíocht críochnaithe faoi dheireadh 2017, mar sin ná bí ag súil le feistí go dtí sin a fheiceáil USB 3.0, USB 3.0 le Power Delivery, USB 3.1 agus USB 3.1 le Power Delivery Is gné nua eile den nasc USB Type-C a cumas comharthaí DisplayPort a sheoladh tríd an gcábla agus an nasc céanna le comharthaí USB; uair amháin is buntáiste sainmhínithe é Thunderbolt thar USB 3.0 (SuperSpeed USB) Is é USB 3.0 an tríú leagan mór den chaighdeán Universal Serial Bus (USB) le haghaidh nascacht ríomhaire. I measc feabhsuithe eile, cuireann USB 3.0 modh aistrithe nua ar a dtugtar SuperSpeed (SS), atá in ann sonraí a aistriú ag suas le 5 Gbits / s (625 MB / s), atá níos mó ná deich n-uaire níos tapúla ná an 480 Mbit / s (60 MB / s) ardluais USB 2.0 Is é USB Type-C an caighdeán nua a thabharfaidh luasanna aistrithe sonraí níos fearr agus go leor eile. Léigh ár n-alt chun a fháil amach go díreach cé chomh fada is fearr é ó USB3.0 Díreach mar a roinneann USB 2.0 agus USB 3.0 nasc, is féidir le sonraíochtaí USB-C a bheith difriúil don phlug céanna. Úsáideann an iPad Pro an USB 3.1 gen 2 is déanaí, ar féidir leis sonraí a aistriú ag suas le 10 Gbps CSV-1530 Is uirlis sheachtrach áisiúil é an SenseVision USB Type-C go Ethernet + USB 3.0 + USB Type-C Charging Mini Dock do do ríomhaire glúine nó Ultrabook a bhfuil USB Type-C cumasaithe aige. Soláthraíonn an calafort RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet comhtháite nasc líonra sreinge tapa agus seasmhach in áiteanna ina bhfuil comhartha gan sreang ró-lag nó neamhshábháilte. Ceanglaíonn an SuperSpeed USB 3.0 Type-A port do USB Sticks, Peripherals. Tá USB 3.1 Gen 1 díreach mar an gcéanna leis an USB 3.0, mar sin gheobhaidh tú an luas céanna 5Gb / s is cuma cad iad calafoirt USB tosaigh an cás (ag glacadh leis go bhfuil siad 3.0, ar a laghad, ar ndóigh). Má tá USB 3.1 Gen 2 agat ar do mháthairchlár, ansin braitheann sé ar an gcalafort atá agat USB-IF Apple d'fhéadfadh sé gan amhras rudaí a dhéanamh níos soiléire trí a rá go raibh an nasc USB 3.0, ach ní fhuaimníonn sé sin chomh fionnuar ag USB 3.1 Gen 1 is dócha A 10 Gb / s s amháin, dá bhrí sin, an leictreameicnic chéanna, ach athraíonn an t-aistriúchán SuperSpeedPlus go mór faoi an hood, cuid de a luaitear thuas. Le códú 128b/132b, téann an t-idirliú sonraí amh suas go ~ 9.7 Gb / s, rud atá 2.4 uair níos fearr ná USB 3.0. USB 3.2: SuperSpeedPlus arís, ag tacú le dhá shraith de 10 Gb / s gach ceann Bhí naisc éasca. USB, Firewire, Tairseach Taispeáin, gan fadhb. Anois tá USB 3.1, USB-C, agus Thunderbolt 3 againn. Ní chomh éasca mar is féidir leo go léir an cábla céanna a roinnt agus na prótacail aistrithe céanna a úsáid nó ní USB 3.2 Úsáideann na Cáblaí céanna, Tá rátaí sonraí dúbailte. Is féidir leat buíochas a ghabháil leis an ghrúpa tionscnóir USB 3.0 as smaoineamh ar aghaidh agus a chinntiú go bhfuil ár cáblaí USB Type-C atá ann cheana féin USB C Hub HDMI Adapter,QGeeM 7 in 1 Type C Hub go HDMI 4k, 3 USB 3.0 Ports, 100W seachadadh cumhachta, Léitheoirí cárta SD / TF Comhoiriúnach le MacBook Pro 13/15 ((Thunderbolt 3), 2018 Mac Air,Chromebook USB C Adapter 4.5 as 5 réaltaí 8,07 Nedis USB C HUb 2x USB-C 2x USB 3.0 le seachadadh cumhachta 100 Wart (3) USB Sv-C go 2 x USB-A 3.1 seachadadh cumhachta le haghaidh tiománaí a luchtaigh go tapa trí USB-C 379,-Legg i handlevogn. 379,-Legg i láimhseáil. Nettlager Lagershop Elegant USB-C-hub til iMac/iMac Pro (2017 agus ina dhiaidh sin) Satechi USB-C Clamp. Mhínigh Brad Saunders, cathaoirleach an Ghrúpa Forbróirí USB 3.0, níos mó: Nuair a thugamar USB Type-C isteach ar an margadh, bhí sé mar aidhm againn a chinntiú go ndearna cáblaí agus nascóirí USB Type-C deimhnithe do USB 3.0 agus USB 3.0 a bheith in ann an t-aonad USB Type-C a úsáid.

The Sense Of Smell The worst part about the common cold is that you never know you're getting it until it's too late. Once that first sneeze is sneezed, that trip to the pharmacy seems inevitable. But IBM predicts computers will be able to change all that by 2017 by adopting the ability to "smell." According to the tech giant, users may soon be able to breathe on their computing devices, have those devices extract data from the molecules in their breath, and receive "valuable diagnostic information" in return. What's more, IBM suggests computers will be able to sniff out the cleanliness of a hospital operating room, the condition of a crop's soil, and even any issues with a city's sanitation system before a human nose ever catches a whiff.

<urn:uuid:23fe8321-b4cc-4922-9770-1a3e35d75ea9>

CC-MAIN-2015-32

http://www.crn.com/slide-shows/mobility/240145148/5-wild-ibm-predictions-computers-that-can-smell-taste-and-more.htm/pgno/6/5?cid=rss_tax_Mobility%3Fitc%3Dnextpage

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042989507.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002309-00126-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

An Fáth Smell Is é an chuid is measa faoi an fuar coitianta ná nach bhfuil a fhios agat go bhfuil tú ag é a fháil go dtí go bhfuil sé ró-dhéanach. Nuair a bhíonn an chéad sneachta sin sneachtaithe, is cosúil nach féidir an turas sin chuig an cógaslann a sheachaint. Ach tá IBM ag tuar go mbeidh ríomhairí in ann é sin go léir a athrú faoi 2017 trí chumas "súil" a ghlacadh. De réir an ollmhór teicneolaíochta, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh úsáideoirí in ann a gcuid feistí ríomhaireachta a anailís go luath, go n-eascair na feistí sin sonraí ó na móilíní ina n-anáil, agus go bhfaighidh siad "faisnéis dhiagnóiseach luachmhar" ina n-ais. Níos mó ná sin, molann IBM go mbeidh ríomhairí in ann glanadh seomra oibriúcháin ospidéil a sniffáil amach, riocht ithir, agus fiú aon fhadhbanna le córas sláintíochta cathrach sula bhfaigheann srón daonna a sniff.

Welcome to Best Free Printable Worksheets. Many people have used on line for locating data, suggestions, posts or any other resource for their needs. Exactly like you are. Do you come here to acquire new fresh understanding of 2nd grade homeschool curriculum 2? What number of webpages have you read to get more detail about 2nd grade homeschool curriculum 2? 2nd grade homeschool curriculum 2 is one of raised content at this time. We realize it from google search engine data such as google adwords or google trends. In an effort to deliver useful info to our followers, weve aimed to find the closest relevance pic about 2nd grade homeschool curriculum 2. And here you can observe now, this image have already been taken from reputable source. We expect this 2nd grade homeschool curriculum 2 picture will give you some more point for your need and we hope you enjoy it. We understand, we may have different view concerning this but at least we have attempted our best. This picture has been uploaded by our team. You can browse additional helpful posts in [cat] category. We thank you for your visit to our website. Make sure you get the information you are looking for. Do not forget to share and love our reference to help further develop our website.

<urn:uuid:0afb1838-1008-47b7-a072-533707b7ccec>

CC-MAIN-2018-34

http://littlesalebirdy.com/2nd/2nd-grade-homeschool-curriculum-2

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211185.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20180816211126-20180816231126-00302.warc.gz

en

Fáilte go dtí na Leabhair Oibre Is Fearr In-scríofa Saor in Aisce. D'úsáid go leor daoine ar líne chun sonraí, moltaí, postanna nó aon acmhainn eile a aimsiú dá gcuid riachtanas. Go díreach cosúil leat. An bhfuil tú ag teacht anseo chun tuiscint úr nua a fháil ar chúrsa teagaisc scoile baile grád 2? Cé mhéad leathanach gréasáin a léigh tú chun tuilleadh sonraí a fháil faoi chúrsa teagaisc scoile baile 2ú grád 2? Tá cúrsa 2 scoile baile grád 2 ar cheann de ábhar ardú ag an am seo. Tuigimid é ó shonraí inneall cuardaigh Google mar Google AdWords nó Google Trends. I iarracht a chur ar fáil faisnéis úsáideach dár lucht leanúna, tá sé mar aidhm againn a aimsiú an pictiúr is dlúithe ábhartha faoi 2ú grád cúrsa teagaisc homeschool 2. Agus anseo is féidir leat a fheiceáil anois, tá an íomhá seo tógtha cheana féin ó fhoinse creidiúnaithe. Tá súil againn go dtabharfaidh an pictiúr 2 seo de chúrsa teagaisc scoile baile 2ú grád roinnt pointí breise duit do do riachtanas agus tá súil againn go mbainfidh tú taitneamh as. Tuigimid, b'fhéidir go bhfuil tuairimí éagsúla againn maidir leis seo ach ar a laghad rinneamar ár ndícheall. Chuir ár bhfoireann an pictiúr seo suas. Is féidir leat postanna cabhrach eile a bhrabhsáil sa chatagóir [cat]. Go raibh maith agat as cuairt a thabhairt ar ár suíomh gréasáin. Déan cinnte go bhfaighidh tú an fhaisnéis atá á lorg agat. Ná déan dearmad ár n-athbhreithniú a roinnt agus a ghrá chun cabhrú lenár suíomh Gréasáin a fhorbairt tuilleadh.

The Nutritional Genomics Blog As the availability of carbohydrate-rich processed foods continues to skyrocket, staying healthy in today’s world is more challenging than ever before. People are beginning to realize that a natural food diet is worth pursuing for a multitude of mind and body benefits. Every day the field of nutritional genomics gains traction and expands its scope as further areas of study are opened. An understanding of nutrigenomics can help you develop a healthy eating plan to lose weight, prevent chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, sleep better, and maintain healthy brain function. Featuring the latest science along with healthy cooking and eating tips, Dr. Rivard’s blog offers a wealth of insights for those looking to increase their understanding of nutritional genomics and develop a simple way of eating a natural food diet that works for them. If you have ideas for topics that you would like to see discussed in this space, don’t hesitate to contact Is Disease Hereditary? today!

<urn:uuid:e33bce0c-28fc-4ead-b577-ca3851b187ac>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

https://www.isdiseasehereditary.com/blog/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267155814.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919004724-20180919024724-00357.warc.gz

en

Blag na Gnóimic Chothaithe De réir mar a bhíonn an-chuid bia próiseáilte saibhir i gcarbaihiodráití ar fáil, tá sé níos dúshlánaí ná riamh a bheith sláintiúil sa saol atá againn inniu. Tá daoine ag tosú ag tabhairt faoi deara gur fiú aiste bia nádúrtha a leanúint mar gheall ar na buntáistí go leor a bhaineann leis an intinn agus leis an gcomhlacht. Gach lá, tá an réimse seo de ghineolaíocht cothaithe ag éirí níos mó agus tá a raon feidhme ag leathnú de réir mar a osclaítear níos mó réimsí staidéir. Is féidir le tuiscint a fháil ar nutrigenomics cabhrú leat plean ithe sláintiúil a fhorbairt chun meáchan a chailleadh, galair ainsealacha mar diaibéiteas cineál 2 a chosc, codladh níos fearr, agus feidhm inchinn sláintiúil a chothabháil. Ag cur leis an eolaíocht is déanaí chomh maith le leideanna cócaireachta agus ithe sláintiúla, cuireann blag an Dr. Rivard neart léargas ar fáil dóibh siúd atá ag iarraidh a dtuiscint ar ghineolaíocht cothaithe a mhéadú agus bealach simplí a fhorbairt chun aiste bia bia nádúrtha a ithe a oibríonn dóibh. Má tá smaointe agat maidir le hábhair ar mhaith leat a fheiceáil á bplé sa spás seo, ná bíodh aon leisce ort teagmháil a dhéanamh le Is Disease Hereditary? lá atá inniu ann!

Preparing your Students A Heritage Fair encourages students in Grades 4 to 9 to explore Canadian heritage in a dynamic, hands on learning environment. Students choose their own topic, do the research and then choose a format for presentation. The focus is on developing personal and interpersonal skills. Heritage School Fairs support the curriculum and encourage a cross-curricular approach to teaching and learning. With a dual emphasis on research skills (note-taking, editing, defining sources) and communication skills (public speaking, interviewing, verbalization) the process benefits all students. Heritage School Fairs generally take place at two levels: - The local Heritage School Fair typically taking place in March or April - The Regional Heritage School Fair typically takes place in the host city in early May. - In 2021, the Edmonton Regional Heritage Fair will take place virtually! January to Mid-February Discuss the project with the class and distribute the student information package to the students. Encourage students to select a topic category and then a specific topic. The catchy project title may come later after doing some research and working on the project. Create a student’s plan of action. Mid-February to Mid-March If possible, provide class time and teacher guidance to really get the project underway. Encourage students to use online collections from the Public Library, Museum or Archives if there is one in your area. Start project research and prepare video-based presentations. Encourage students to (safely) do an interview with an individual about their topic, if appropriate. Double check that all criteria as outlined in the registration package are covered. Mid-March to Mid-April Finish projects. Conduct a school-wide or classroom virtual mini-fair to show off student accomplishments. May 1, 2021 Submit video-based projects & written submission form to the ERHF website. Projects will be adjudicated virtually during the first two weeks of May, with scores, judges feedback & an awards video being shared with the participants in June.

<urn:uuid:7ba4c43b-5889-4545-a2ac-ddf2aa4f7d30>

CC-MAIN-2021-25

https://www.edmontonheritagefair.org/teachers-information/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487582767.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20210612103920-20210612133920-00566.warc.gz

en

Ag Ullmhú Do Daltaí Spreagann A Heritage Fair mic léinn i gCéadchéim 4 go 9 chun oidhreacht Cheanada a iniúchadh i dtimpeallacht foghlama dinimiciúil, lámha ar an eolas. Roghnaíonn mic léinn a n-ábhar féin, déanann siad an taighde agus ansin roghnaíonn siad formáid don chur i láthair. Tá an fócas ar scileanna pearsanta agus idirphearsanta a fhorbairt. Tacaíonn Féaraí Scoile Oidhreachta leis an gcuraclam agus spreagann siad cur chuige tras-churaclaim i dtaca le teagasc agus foghlaim. Le béim dhúbailte ar scileanna taighde (nótaí a thógáil, eagarthóireacht, foinsí a shainiú) agus scileanna cumarsáide (labhairt i láthair an phobail, agallamh, briathraíocht), is tairbhe don phróiseas gach mac léinn. De ghnáth, bíonn Féaraí Scoile Oidhreachta ar dhá leibhéal: - An Fhéile Scoile Oidhreachta áitiúil a bhíonn ar siúl de ghnáth i mí an Mhárta nó i mí Aibreáin - De ghnáth, bíonn an Fhéile Scoile Oidhreachta Réigiúnaigh ar siúl sa chathair óstach go luath i mí na Bealtaine. - In 2021, beidh Féile Oidhreachta Réigiúnach Edmonton ar siúl go fíorúil! Eanáir go lár mhí Feabhra Déan an tionscadal a phlé leis an rang agus an pacáiste faisnéise do mhic léinn a dháileadh ar na mic léinn. Spreag na mic léinn catagóir ábhair a roghnú agus ansin ábhar sonrach. D'fhéadfadh an teideal tarraingteach tionscadail teacht níos déanaí tar éis roinnt taighde a dhéanamh agus obair a dhéanamh ar an tionscadal. Plean gníomhaíochta a chruthú do mhic léinn. Meán Feabhra go Meán Márta Más féidir, tabhair am don rang agus treoir an mhúinteora chun an tionscadal a chur i gcrích i ndáiríre. Spreag na mic léinn chun bailiúcháin ar líne a úsáid ón Leabharlann Poiblí, ón Músaem nó ó na hArcháidí má tá ceann i do cheantar. Tús a chur le taighde tionscadail agus cur i láthair bunaithe ar fhíseán a ullmhú. Spreag na mic léinn agallamh a dhéanamh (go sábháilte) le duine aonair faoina ábhar, más iomchuí. Déan an t-athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar an gcritéar a leagtar amach sa phacáiste clárúcháin. Meán Márta go Meán Aibreán Tiomsú tionscadal. Seol mini-chúrsa fíorúil ar fud na scoile nó sa seomra ranga chun éachtaí dalta a thaispeáint. 1 Bealtaine, 2021 Cuir tionscadail atá bunaithe ar fhíseán & foirm a chur isteach i scríbhinn isteach ar shuíomh gréasáin CETF. Déantar na tionscadail a mheas go fíorúil le linn an chéad dá sheachtain de mhí na Bealtaine, agus roinnfear scóir, aiseolas an bhreithiúna agus físeán duaiseanna leis na rannpháirtithe i mí an Mheithimh.

The triple-meltdown crisis that began last year at the Fukushima No. 1 power plant jarred the public out of its complacent attitude toward nuclear power and every other assurance made by the government and Japan Inc. Suddenly, thousands of people were fleeing their homes in the fallout zones, possibly never to return again, as everything from fish to meat to rice and water joined the list of contamination threats. Overnight, the public developed a collective voice. Housewives, professors, students, salarymen, seniors from all walks of life stood up to demand an end to Japan’s dependence on atomic power, and its dangers. People came from across the country to participate in rallies each Friday night outside the prime minister’s office to raise this chorus. Then finally last month, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda and his Democratic Party of Japan-led government announced the nation would embark on a quest for alternative, green, sustainable forms of energy and rid Japan of nuclear power by the 2030s. But the new policy, besides not being etched in stone, has drawn criticism for being ambiguous, unrealistic, a quick kowtow for votes — and a way to keep the door back to nuclear power ajar. What are the key points of the new energy strategy? The government adopted the “Innovative Strategy for Energy and the Environment” on Sept. 14 to learn from the Fukushima crisis and fundamentally change the nation’s course away from atomic power. The main pillar would be the complete shutdown of all reactors by the 2030s. To achieve this, the government laid out three major goals: to limit the working life of reactors to 40 years, to only restart reactors that have been given stamped as safe by the new Nuclear Regulation Authority, and to ban the construction of new nuclear plants. The government pledged to cover the nation’s energy needs by diversifying its sources and tripling its use of renewable power by 2030, advancing the use of thermal power generation, and securing a steady supply of inexpensive fossil fuels. It also vowed to slash electricity consumption to 100 billion kwh in 2030 from 1.1 trillion kwh in 2010 and promote energy-saving measures to the entire public. What prompted this zero-nuclear goal? The government was initially reluctant to renounce atomic energy, which before Fukushima was the source of about 30 percent of the nation’s electricity, because of the difficulty of winding down its vast investment in it. There is also strong resistance from the business community because of the extra costs associated with alternative energy and concerns that the shift would damage Japan Inc.’s competitiveness. The business community and the government remain deeply invested in nuclear power. But the overwhelming public opposition prevailed. Over the summer, the government collected public comments on three possible scenarios for nuclear energy use by 2030 — zero percent, 15 percent, or 20 to 25 percent. Although experts noted that opinionated people were the most inclined to respond to the polls, about 90 percent of the some 89,000 responses chose the zero percent option. “I think the government is still reluctant to get rid of nuclear power completely, but it was forced to listen to the public because of the unprecedented number of responses,” said Hideyuki Ban, codirector of the antinuclear Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center. “The people’s strong voices and action pushed the government to include the word zero.” The DPJ hopes the hedged proposal will win over voters in the next Lower House election to boost its bleak prospects. What will happen to reactors under construction? The government plans to let three reactors in the midst of construction to be completed. They are reactor 3 at the plant in Matsue, Shimane Prefecture, a reactor at the plant in Oma, Aomori Prefecture, and reactor 1 at the plant in Higashidori, Aomori Prefecture. The Shimane reactor is 93.6 percent finished, the Oma unit 37.6 percent and the Higashidori reactor 9.7 percent, but work on each was halted after March 11. Earlier this month, the Oma reactor became the first to resume construction. If the government truly aims to end nuclear power, why is the atomic fuel-recycling program continuing? This continuation cuts to the heart of the ambiguity, experts say. The new strategy clearly states that the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel will proceed. The recycling extracts uranium and plutonium from spent fuel for reuse as a hybrid fuel in reactors. If all the reactors are done away with, Japan will have an large plutonium stockpile sitting around with nothing to do. “It is a complete contradiction. If Japan is going to get rid of nuclear power, it doesn’t need to recycle spent fuel anymore,” Ban of CNIC said. Other experts see the continuation of recycling as a way to placate the communities that host the facilities and who now worry that their government subsidy spigot will suddenly be shut off. This is particularly true in regard to Aomori Prefecture, where communities hosting reprocessing facilities have lashed out at what they call an abrupt about-face by the government. They stand to lose vast state funds if the fuel cycle is terminated. Could the no-nuclear goal be reneged on in the future? Yes. The Cabinet failed to officially endorse the new strategy, which means that future governments won’t be obliged to uphold it. The Cabinet instead adopted some kind of a rider statement that said the government would hold discussions with regional governments and the “international community” on the new energy policy “by constantly reviewing and re-examining policies with flexibility.” The conservative Liberal Democratic Party, the largest opposition force, has already stated it will drop Noda’s no-nuclear goal. The LDP was the main promoter of nuclear power during its decades-long reign in the postwar period and the prime provider of its seed funds. It is now aiming to return to power in the next Lower House election. When that election is held, nuclear power will be one of the top issues, according to the DPJ’s Seiji Maehara, minister in charge of national strategy. “I am aware that the LDP has a different opinion and I believe (nuclear power) will be one of the major issues in the next general election,” he said in a recent interview with The Japan Times and other media. “I think it is important to let the people choose for themselves,” he said, reminding voters that they should keep the parties’ positions in mind. Why is the United States concerned about the new goal? One reason is that if Japan drops nuclear power but continues to extract plutonium from fuel, it will raise proliferation fears, which Washington is strongly concerned about. Japan was allowed to introduce commercial atomic power in line with a bilateral accord with the U.S. The accord, revised in 1988, also stipulates that the U.S. give advance consent to allow the reprocessing of spent fuel and the extraction of plutonium at the Rokkasho facility in Aomori Prefecture. Media reports suggest that Washington pressured Tokyo into fudging the Cabinet’s official endorsement of the no-nuclear goal to provide some wiggle room in the policy. It also wants Japan to continue importing its nuclear technology in light of the decades-long ban it placed on new nuclear power plant construction after the Three Mile Island incident in 1979, said Ban of CNIC. “The U.S. doesn’t want Japan to stop using atomic energy. If Japan withdraws, America’s export plans could fall through,” Ban said. “Japan’s new strategy could negatively affect the U.S.” How will the new policy affect Japan’s vow to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent? In 2009, then Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama pledged at the U.N. General Assembly that Japan would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent from 1990 levels by 2020. Fukushima, and the public outcry, derailed this plan, which at the time was still based on the ever-expanding nuclear power program in Japan, which it wanted to cover 50 percent of its energy needs. In speech in October, Noda effectively retracted the 25 percent pledge. “Our country will devote maximum power to creating an energy-saving society and expanding reusable energy. “But at the same time, despite such efforts, it will be difficult to control the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that we had planned to cover through atomic energy,” Noda said. The Weekly FYI appears Tuesdays. Readers are encouraged to send ideas, questions and opinions to firstname.lastname@example.org

<urn:uuid:79f8573e-30c8-4890-8723-9f7e278fb0c1>

CC-MAIN-2015-35

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2012/10/30/reference/behind-the-no-nuclear-option/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645171365.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031251-00156-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

An ghéarchéim triple-meltdown a thosaigh an bhliain seo caite ag Fukushima No. 1 chothaigh an Gníomhaireacht Cumhacht an phobal as a seasamh compordach i leith chumhacht núicléach agus gach dearbhú eile a rinne an rialtas agus Japan Inc. Go tobann, bhí na mílte duine ag teitheadh óna dtithe sna criosanna titim, agus b'fhéidir nach dtiocfadh siad ar ais arís, mar go raibh gach rud ó iasc go feoil go rís agus uisce ag dul isteach sa liosta bagairtí truaillithe. Oíche ar an oíche, d'fhorbair an pobal guth comhchoiteann. D'éirigh bean chéile, ollamh, mic léinn, páistí, daoine scothaosta ó gach cearn den saol chun deireadh a chur le spleáchas na Seapáine ar chumhacht adamhach, agus a contúirtí. Tháinig daoine ó gach cearn den tír chun páirt a ghlacadh i rallyí gach oíche Aoine taobh amuigh d'oifig an Phríomh-Aire chun an chór seo a ardú. Ansin, sa deireadh an mhí seo caite, d'fhógair an Príomh-Aire Yoshihiko Noda agus a rialtas faoi stiúir Pháirtí Daonlathach na Seapáine go gcuirfeadh an náisiún tús le foirmeacha fuinnimh malartacha, glasa, inbhuanaithe agus go gcuirfí an tSeapáin ar shiúl ó chumhacht núicléach faoi na 2030idí. Ach tá an beartas nua, seachas nach bhfuil sé clóite i gcloch, tar éis cáineadh a tharraingt mar a bhí sé amhéadach, neamhréalaíoch, cúlú tapa le haghaidh vótaí agus bealach chun an doras a choinneáil ar ais go dtí cumhacht núicléach oscailte. Cad iad na príomhphointí sa straitéis nua fuinnimh? Ghlac an rialtas an "Istraitéis Nuálaíoch don Fuinneamh agus don Chomhshaol" an 14 Meán Fómhair chun foghlaim ó ghéarchéim Fukushima agus an cúrsa náisiúin a athrú go bunúsach ó chumhacht adamhach. Ba cheart go mbeadh an príomh-chomhpháirtí ina dhúnadh iomlán na n-ionadlann go léir faoi na 2030idí. Chun é seo a bhaint amach, leag an rialtas amach trí phríomhchuspóir: saol oibre imoibritheoirí a theorannú go 40 bliain, imoibritheoirí a athshlánú ach amháin a bhfuil séipéal sábháilte tugtha acu ag an Údarás Rialála Núicléach nua, agus toirmeasc a chur ar thógáil gléasraí núicléacha nua. Geall an rialtas go gcumhdófaí riachtanais fuinnimh na tíre trína fhoinsí a éagsúlú agus trí oiread a úsáid a bhaint as cumhacht in-athnuaite faoi 2030, ag cur úsáid ghinearáil chumhachta teirmeach chun cinn, agus soláthar seasta breoslaí iontaise saor a chinntiú. Geallann sé freisin tomhaltas leictreachais a laghdú go 100 billiún kwh i 2030 ó 1.1 trilliún kwh i 2010 agus bearta sábhála fuinnimh a chur chun cinn don phobal ar fad. Cad a spreag an sprioc seo a bhaineann le núicléach a bheith saor ó cheimiceáin? Bhí an rialtas diúltú ar dtús a dhiúltú fuinnimh adamhach, a bhí roimh Fukushima an fhoinse de thart ar 30 faoin gcéad de na náisiún's leictreachas, mar gheall ar an deacracht a scriosadh a infheistíocht ollmhór ann. Tá neart frithsheasmhachta ann freisin ó phobal na ngnólachta mar gheall ar na costais bhreise a bhaineann le fuinneamh malartach agus imní go ndéanfadh an t-aistriú damáiste do iomaíochas Japan Inc. Tá an pobal gnó agus an rialtas fós ag infheistiú go mór i gcumhacht núicléach. Ach bhí an t-agóid mhór phoiblí i réim. Le linn an tsamhraidh, bhailíodh tuairimí ón bpobal ar thrí chás féideartha maidir le húsáid fuinnimh núicléach faoi 2030 nialais faoin gcéad, 15 faoin gcéad, nó 20 go 25 faoin gcéad. Cé gur thug saineolaithe faoi deara go raibh daoine a raibh tuairimí acu ar an gceann is mó a bhí ag dul chun freagairt do na vótaí, roghnaigh thart ar 90 faoin gcéad de na tuairim is 89,000 freagra an rogha gan aon phrósent. "Sílim go bhfuil an rialtas fós diúltach chun fáil réidh le cumhacht núicléach go hiomlán, ach bhí sé iallach air éisteacht leis an bpobal mar gheall ar an líon gan fasach freagraí", a dúirt Hideyuki Ban, comh-stiúrthóir an Ionad Faisnéise Núicléach na Saoránach frithnúicléach. Tóg na daoine a gcuid guthanna láidir agus gníomhú ar an rialtas chun an focal a chur san áireamh. Tá súil ag an DPJ go mbainfidh an togra cúlchiste na vótálaithe sa chéad toghchán eile don Teach Íseal chun a ionchais dhúshlánacha a threisiú. Cad a tharlóidh le hionraic atá á dtógáil? Tá sé beartaithe ag an rialtas trí imoibreoir atá i lár na tógála a ligean chun críche. Is iad seo reachtóir 3 ag an gléasra i Matsue, Prefecture Shimane, reachtóir ag an gléasra in Oma, Prefecture Aomori, agus reachtóir 1 ag an gléasra i Higashidori, Prefecture Aomori. Tá 93.6 faoin gcéad críochnaithe ag imoibreoir Shimane, an t-aonad Oma 37.6 faoin gcéad agus imoibreoir Higashidori 9.7 faoin gcéad, ach cuireadh deireadh leis an obair ar gach ceann tar éis an 11 Márta. Go luath an mhí seo, ba é imoibreoir Oma an chéad cheann a d'athraigh a thógáil. Má tá sé mar aidhm ag an rialtas deireadh a chur le cumhacht núicléach, cén fáth go leanann an clár athchúrsála breosla núicléach? Deir saineolaithe go bhfuil an t-athrú seo ag croílár an éagmhóideachta. Deirtear go soiléir sa straitéis nua go leanfar le hathphróiseáil breosla núicléach caite. Déantar an athchúrsáil chun úráiniam agus plútóiniam a bhaint as breosla caite chun iad a athúsáid mar bhreosla hibride i ngreatairí. Má dhéantar na hionracóirí go léir a scriosadh, beidh stoc mór plútóiniam ag an tSeapáin ag suí timpeall gan aon rud le déanamh. Is contrárthacht iomlán é. Má tá an tSeapáin ag dul a fháil réidh le cumhacht núicléach, ní gá go mbeadh sé a athchúrsáil breosla caite níos mó, Ban de CNIC dúirt. Feictear do shaineolaithe eile go bhfuil leanúint leis an athchúrsáil mar bhealach chun na pobail a bhfuil na háiseanna acu a shásamh agus a bhfuil imní orthu anois go gcuirfear a spigán fóirdheontais rialtais as a chéile go tobann. Tá sé seo fíor go háirithe maidir le Réigiún Aomori, áit a bhfuil pobail ag óstáil áiseanna athphróiseála ag cur síos ar an méid a ghlaonn siad ar athrú tobann ag an rialtas. Tá siad chun cistí stáit ollmhór a chailleadh má tá an timthriall breosla críochnaithe. An bhféadfaí an sprioc neamh-núicléach a thréigean sa todhchaí? Sea, tá. Níor thacaigh an tAire Stáit leis an straitéis nua go hoifigiúil, rud a chiallaíonn nach mbeidh sé de dhualgas ar rialtais amach anseo í a chur i bhfeidhm. Ghlac an tAire Stáit, ina ionad sin, ráiteas de chineál éigin a dúirt go ndéanfadh an rialtas plé leis na rialtais réigiúnacha agus leis an "comhphobal idirnáisiúnta" faoin mbeartas nua fuinnimh "trí bheartais a athbhreithniú agus a athscrúdú go leanúnach le solúbthacht". Tá an Páirtí Daonlathach Liobrálach coimeádach, an fórsa freasúra is mó, tar éis a dhearbhú cheana féin go dtabharfaidh sé suas sprioc neamh-núicléach Noda. Ba é an LDP an príomh-fhógróir fuinnimh núicléach le linn a réimeas blianta fada i ndiaidh an chogaidh agus an príomhsholáthraí dá chistí síolta. Tá sé mar aidhm aige anois filleadh ar an gcumhacht sa chéad toghchán eile don Teach Íseal. Nuair a bheidh an toghchán sin ar siúl, beidh cumhacht núicléach ar cheann de na príomhcheisteanna, de réir Seiji Maehara, an DPJ, an Aire atá i gceannas ar straitéis náisiúnta. "Tá a fhios agam go bhfuil tuairim difriúil ag an LDP agus creidim go mbeidh (chumhacht núicléach) ar cheann de na príomhcheisteanna sna toghcháin ghinearálta eile", a dúirt sé in agallamh le The Japan Times agus meáin eile le déanaí. "Is dóigh liom go bhfuil sé tábhachtach ligean do dhaoine iad féin a roghnú", a dúirt sé, ag cur i gcuimhne do vótálaithe gur chóir dóibh seasamh na bpáirtithe a choinneáil i gcuimhne. Cén fáth go bhfuil imní ar na Stáit Aontaithe faoin sprioc nua? Is é ceann de na cúiseanna ná má thit an tSeapáin as an chumhacht núicléach ach má leanann sí ag baint plútóiniam as breosla, cuirfidh sé eagla ar scaipeadh, rud a bhfuil imní mhór ag Washington air. Ceadaíodh don tSeapáin cumhacht adamhach tráchtála a thabhairt isteach i gcomhréir le comhaontú déthaobhach leis na Stáit Aontaithe. An comhaontú, a athbhreithníodh i 1988, a fhoráiltear freisin go bhfuil na Stáit Aontaithe a thabhairt toiliú roimh ré a cheadú an athphróiseáil breosla caite agus an eastóscadh plutonium ag an saoráid Rokkasho i Aomori Prefecture. Tugann tuairiscí sna meáin le fios go raibh brú ag Washington ar Tóiceo go gcuirfeadh sé le tacaíocht oifigiúil an Chaibinéid don sprioc neamh-núicléach chun roinnt spáis a sholáthar sa bheartas. Tá sé ag iarraidh freisin go leanfaidh an tSeapáin ag allmhairiú a theicneolaíochta núicléach i bhfianaise an toirmisc a chuir sé ar feadh na mblianta ar thógáil gléasra núicléach nua tar éis eachtra Three Mile Island i 1979, a dúirt Ban de CNIC. Níor mhaith leis na Stáit Aontaithe go scoirfeadh an tSeapáin ó fhuinneamh adamhach. Má tharraingíonn an tSeapáin siar, d'fhéadfadh pleananna onnmhairithe na Meiriceánach titim, a dúirt Ban. D'fhéadfadh straitéis nua na Seapáine tionchar diúltach a bheith aige ar na Stáit Aontaithe Conas a dhéanfaidh an beartas nua difear do ghealladh na Seapáine astaíochtaí gáis cheaptha teasa a laghdú 25 faoin gcéad? Sa bhliain 2009, gheall an Príomh-Aire Yukio Hatoyama ag Tionól Ginearálta na Náisiún Aontaithe go laghdódh an tSeapáin astaíochtaí gáis cheaptha teasa 25 faoin gcéad ó leibhéil 1990 faoi 2020. Fukushima, agus an t-éagóir phoiblí, derailed an plean, a bhí ag an am fós bunaithe ar an gclár cumhachta núicléach i gcónaí ag leathnú sa tSeapáin, a bhí sé ag iarraidh a chlúdach 50 faoin gcéad dá riachtanais fuinnimh. I gcaint i mí Dheireadh Fómhair, d'athghabháil Noda go héifeachtach an gealltanas 25 faoin gcéad. Déanfaidh ár dtír an chumhacht is mó a chaitheamh ar shochaí a shábháil fuinnimh agus ar fhuinneamh in-athúsáidte a leathnú. Ach ag an am céanna, in ainneoin na n-iarrachtaí sin, beidh sé deacair an méid astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin a bhí beartaithe againn a chumhdach trí fhuinneamh adamhach a rialú, a dúirt Noda. Tá an Weekly FYI le feiceáil Dé Máirt. Moltar do léitheoirí smaointe, ceisteanna agus tuairimí a sheoladh chuig firstname.lastname@example.org

MAY 5th – FEAST DAY OF BLESSED EDMUND RICE Bishop Kearney students gathered today as a school community for a special mass today in honor of Blessed Edmund Rice. May 5th is the feast day of Edmund Rice who was declared “Blessed” by Pope John Paul II on October 6, 1996 in Rome and is recognized as a man of heroic virtue and a model for others. Edmund Ignatius Rice (1762-1844) founded the Congregation of Christian Brothers in 1802 in Waterford, Ireland, in order to provide quality, Catholic education to the materially poor. He heard God’s call in the poor, uneducated, marginalized young boys of Ireland. Edmund Rice began to establish Catholic schools, although such schools were illegal at that time. He took in the boys everyone else had given up on. It did not take long for him to realize that he must attend to all the needs of the boys — food, clothing, and housing. Edmund gave up his comfortable home for a room above the stable which served as his first school. He supported the venture financially by the profits from his business. Other young men, impressed by his example, joined him in his service to the poor. His first permanent school building, Mt. Sion, included a tailor shop and bakery so that the students might also be fed and clothed. By the end of the nineteenth century the Congregation had grown steadily in membership and Brothers had moved to many different countries around the world. The first Brothers came to Newfoundland in 1876 and to the United States in 1906. During the twentieth century the Brothers expanded throughout Canada and the United States and opened schools and ministries in many cities and towns. The Congregation of Christian Brothers has successfully provided this education for almost two hundred years in 250 schools and colleges throughout the world. Over fifty years since Bishop Kearney opened in 1962, Bishop Kearney continues to offer educational opportunities for students in grades 6-12 in the tradition of the Congregation of Christian Brothers and School Sisters of Notre Dame.

<urn:uuid:36c5bea5-2f67-4b8c-9031-d8ed4741fac1>

CC-MAIN-2018-39

http://bkhs.org/recent-news/blessed-edmund-rice-feast-day

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156096.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919083126-20180919103126-00493.warc.gz

en

5 MAY Lá Fhéile an EDMUND RICE BLAOSHAITH Scoileoirí an Easpag Kearney a bhailiú inniu mar phobal scoile le haghaidh mise speisialta inniu in onóir na Beannaithe Edmund Rice. Is é 5 Bealtaine lá féile Edmund Rice a dhearbhaigh an Pápa Eoin Pól II "Blessed" ar 6 Deireadh Fómhair, 1996 sa Róimh agus a aithnítear mar fhear de bhréagántacht laoch agus mar múnla do dhaoine eile. Bhunaigh Edmund Ignatius Rice (1762-1844) Comhchoiste na mBráithre Críostaí i 1802 i Waterford, Éire, d'fhonn oideachas Caitliceach ar ardchaighdeán a chur ar fáil do na bochtaineacht saibhir. Chuala sé glaoch Dé ar bhuachaillí óga Éireannacha bochta, neamh-oideachais, imeallaithe. Thosaigh Edmund Rice scoileanna Caitliceacha a bhunú, cé go raibh scoileanna den sórt sin neamhdhleathach ag an am. Ghlac sé isteach ar na buachaillí a raibh gach duine eile a thabhairt suas ar. Níor thóg sé fada dó a thuiscint go gcaithfeadh sé aire a thabhairt do gach riachtanas na bhfear - bia, éadaí, agus tithíocht. D'fhág Edmund a theach compordach le haghaidh seomra os cionn an stailc a bhí mar a chéad scoil. Chuir sé an fiontar ar fáil go airgeadais trí na brabúis a bhí aige as a ghnó. Bhí tionchar mór ag a shampla ar dhaoine óga eile, agus chuaigh siad le chéile leis sa tseirbhís a bhí á dhéanamh aige do na bochta. A chéad fhoirgneamh scoile buan, Mt. Bhí siopa cóirithe agus bácála ag Sion, ionas go bhféadfaí na mic léinn a chothú agus a éadaí a chur orthu freisin. Faoi dheireadh an naoú haois déag d'fhás an Comhdháil go seasta i gcomhaltaí agus bhí na deartháireacha imithe go dtí go leor tíortha éagsúla ar fud an domhain. Tháinig na Bráithre ar dtús go Nua-Fhaunsíl i 1876 agus go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe i 1906. Le linn an ficheú haois leathnaigh na Bráithre ar fud Cheanada agus na Stát Aontaithe agus d'oscail siad scoileanna agus aireachtaí i go leor cathracha agus bailte. Tá an t-oideachas seo curtha ar fáil go rathúil ag Comhchoiste na mBráithre Críostaí le beagnach dhá chéad bliain i 250 scoil agus coláiste ar fud an domhain. Tá breis is caoga bliain ó osclaíodh an t-Easpag Kearney i 1962, agus leanann an t-Easpag Kearney ag tairiscint deiseanna oideachais do mhic léinn i gcaidrimh 6-12 i dtrádáil Chomhdháil na mBráithre Críostaí agus na Mná Scoile Notre Dame.

Veteran firefighter Ewan Waller has called for fuel reduction burning to be an integral part of a visionary, long-term policy for managing fire in the forest. His thoughts were prompted by the recent fires in Gippsland and his memories of the Black Saturday inferno when he experienced the nauseating feeling of walking over the charred remains of countless birds. Source: Philip Hopkins for Timberbiz “Such high intensity fires are so destructive of all values,” he said. Ewan, Victoria’s former Chief Fire Officer with more than 40 years’ experience as a forester and now a consultant, praised Victoria’s firefighting. “Forest Fire Management Victoria is doing a really good job on suppression”,” he said, but the biggest issue was burning – fuel management. “There’s just not enough research going into the damage of the big fires,” he said. “We should burn at night and far more into winter, and selectively – real mosaic burning. Ideally, there should be a mix of burnt and unburnt, with repeated burning.” That can be done with aircraft. Burning large areas in a mosaic pattern “will not necessarily stop the run of a large fire but will lessen the intensity and the impact,” he said. Ewan said lightning strikes had to be put out, not left to burn out “naturally”, otherwise they did a lot of damage. Ideally, they ran into a mosaic of burnt areas, which would slow the fires, reduce spotting, and allow animals to escape to refuge areas. Burning needed to be done across the board, both in national parks and private bush. The precautionary principle, ‘Don’t burn’, should be ‘Burn more’, he said. Ewan said the writing by early European settlers and scientists showed that Aboriginal burning was so important for forest health, to provide ‘green’ patches for animals and cleared bush to see enemies. “Elders trailed fire all day, but it was strictly controlled,” he said. Ewan said good developments included more skilled contractors active in the field, which had come through the national burning program. He praised the mechanical thinning trials as a “big, underused option”. If the back country was not burnt, it was crucial to do good burns at the interface between the bush and the public. “The bush can be thinned a long way back – it can be done commercially – and should be regularly burnt, with short rotations of three to five years, and 5-10 kilometres back,” he said. Ewan said Forest Fire Management Victoria was doing a really good job; multiple lightning strikes across eastern Victoria this year were picked up professionally and quickly, except for ones in really difficult country. “They are building capacity in people, particularly young people, who can fight fires. The project fire fighters learn great skills in four-wheel drive and chainsaw use in the bush and generally they are well lead,” he said. “Burning is difficult, risky, stressful, the environment dynamic. We cannot be risk adverse even though this will be difficult for the politicians and the department and the workers doing the burning. The Government and the firefighters must be fully supported and encouraged especially when something goes wrong.” - The full interview with Ewan Waller will be published in the June edition of Australian Forests & Timber.

<urn:uuid:a366080c-8549-4324-9f47-bbd3037ee7da>

CC-MAIN-2021-31

https://www.timberbiz.com.au/fuel-reduction-burning-a-must-for-australian-forests/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154321.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802141221-20210802171221-00002.warc.gz

en

D'iarr an tineoir sean-saothraithe Ewan Waller go mbeadh laghdú ar dhóiteán breosla mar chuid dhílis de bheartas fadtéarmach físheachanta chun tine a bhainistiú sa choille. Bhí na tineacha a bhí le déanaí i Gippsland agus a chuimhneacháin ar an inferno Dé Sathairn Dubh ag spreagadh a chuid smaointe nuair a d'fhulaing sé an mothú nauseating ag siúl thar na hiomláin charbóite d'eolaithe gan áireamh. Foinse: Philip Hopkins do Timberbiz "Tá tinte ard-dhlúth mar sin chomh díothraitheach do gach luach", a dúirt sé. Mhol Ewan, iar-Phríomh-Oifigeach Dóiteáin Victoria le níos mó ná 40 bliain taithí mar fhoraoiseoir agus anois mar chomhairleoir, díriú dóiteáin Victoria. "Tá Bainistíocht Dóiteáin Foraoise Victoria ag déanamh post an-mhaith maidir le cur i bhfeidhm", a dúirt sé, "ach ba é an fhadhb is mó ná bainistiú breosla a dhó". "Níor dhéantar go leor taighde ar na damáistí a bhaineann leis na tineanna móra", a dúirt sé. Ba cheart dúinn a dhó san oíche agus i bhfad níos mó i rith an gheimhridh, agus go roghnach fíor-mosaic a dhó. Ba cheart go mbeadh meascán de dhóite agus neamhdhoite ann, agus dóite arís agus arís eile. Is féidir é sin a dhéanamh le hionad. "Ní stopfaidh sé go riachtanach rith tine mór ach laghdóidh sé an déine agus an tionchar", a dúirt sé. Dúirt Ewan gur chóir bualadh le claíomh a chur amach, gan é a fhágáil chun "a dhó go nádúrtha", ar shlí eile rinne siad go leor damáiste. Go hidéalach, d'éirigh leo dul i ngleic le mósaicí de limistéir dóite, rud a chuirfeadh moill ar na tineacha, a laghdódh an spotting, agus a ligfeadh d'ainmhithe éalú go limistéir tearmainn. Bhí gá le dóiteán a dhéanamh ar fud an chomhlachta, i bpáirceanna náisiúnta agus i bhfiosach príobháideach araon. Ba cheart go mbeadh an prionsabal réamhchúraim, "Ná dó" "Brú níos mó", a dúirt sé. Dúirt Ewan gur léirigh scríbhneoireacht na luathchríochnaitheoirí Eorpacha agus eolaithe go raibh dóiteán na dTírghníomhach chomh tábhachtach do shláinte na foraoise, chun "patches glas" a sholáthar d'ainmhithe agus busc glanta chun naimhde a fheiceáil. "Bhí seanóirí ag lorg tine an lá ar fad, ach bhí sé faoi rialú go docht", a dúirt sé. Dúirt Ewan go raibh forbairtí maithe i measc conraitheoirí níos oilte atá gníomhach sa réimse, a tháinig tríd an gclár dócháin náisiúnta. Mhol sé na trialacha mionscanta meicniúla mar "rogh mór, neamhúsáidte". Mura raibh an tír ar chúl dóite, bhí sé ríthábhachtach dóiteanna maithe a dhéanamh ag an idirghabhála idir an bush agus an pobal. "Is féidir an Bush a thinntiú ar bhealach fada ar ais, is féidir é a dhéanamh go tráchtála agus ba cheart é a dhó go rialta, le rothaí gearr de thrí go cúig bliana, agus 5-10 ciliméadar ar ais", a dúirt sé. Dúirt Ewan go raibh Bainistíocht Dóiteáin Foraoise Victoria ag déanamh post an-mhaith; tógadh go leor buailte lasrach ar fud oirthear Victoria i mbliana go gairmiúil agus go tapa, ach amháin iad siúd i dtír an-deacair. Tá siad ag cur cumas ar dhaoine, go háirithe daoine óga, a d'fhéadfadh tine a chomhrac. Tá an-eolas ag na tineairí tionscadail i bhfeithiclí agus i bhfeithiclí slabhra saill sa bhus agus go ginearálta tá siad go maith, a dúirt sé. Tá dóiteán deacair, riosca, strusmhar, agus tá an timpeallacht dinimiciúil. Ní féidir linn a bheith i gcoinne riosca cé go mbeidh sé seo deacair ar na polaiteoirí agus ar an roinn agus ar na hoibrithe a dhéanann an dó. Ní mór tacaíocht agus spreagadh iomlán a thabhairt don Rialtas agus do na tineoirí go háirithe nuair a théann rud éigin mícheart. - Foilseofar an t-agallamh iomlán le Ewan Waller in eagrán Meitheamh de Australian Forests & Timber.

As we may have mentioned in previous posts, there are over 4,000 different types of termites. Can you imagine 4,000 different species of people? Yikes! (Actually, have you ever been to Venice Beach In California?) Now as it turns out, a lot of these species are very important to their local environments as their recycling of wood and other plant matter is of considerable ecological importance. In Kenya, for instance, termites are literally part of the landscape. Worker termites (termites, like ants and bees, have a caste system) build giant mounds above ground. Sometimes these species find ways to relocate. One very destructive species, the Formosan termite, invaded the continental United States from China. These termites cause tremendous property damage, resulting in enormous treatment and repair costs. This species is sometimes referred to as the “Super Termite” because: - It has very large colonies. - A single colony can forage up to 300 feet. - It infests a wide variety of structures (including boats and high-rise condominiums). - It can consume 13 ounces of wood in one day. At this rate, serious damage to a structure can occur in only three months. These termites have been found in southern states such as Florida, Texas, and South Carolina. They have even been reported in Alhambra, California, but fortunately, they have yet to become endemic to this area. In Southern California, our biggest concern is three types of termites: drywood, dampwood, and subterranean. While not as rapidly destructive as the Formosan, our indigenous species are still dedicated to the demolition of wood structures in California. If you’re a property owner with a termite problem, then you have learned how dedicated these termites can be. In future posts, we’ll talk more about our local species of drywoood, dampwood, and subterranean termites that Southern California home and property owners need to be alert to. However, Dear Reader, if you can’t wait for the next post and have more questions or if you are in need of a San Diego termite exterminator, fumigation services, or termite inspections and control in San Diego, Los Angeles, Orange County, or anywhere else in Southern California, call Hi-Tech today!

<urn:uuid:32860de1-6188-4fc9-8193-ae3507b71c2e>

CC-MAIN-2021-31

https://www.hi-techtermitecontrol.com/types-of-termites/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154219.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20210801190212-20210801220212-00426.warc.gz

en

Mar a d'fhógair muid i bpost roimhe seo, tá níos mó ná 4,000 cineál éagsúla termites ann. An féidir leat smaoineamh ar 4,000 speiceas éagsúla daoine? Yikes! (Go deimhin, tá tú riamh a bheith ag Venice Beach i California?) Anois, mar a tharlaíonn sé, tá go leor de na speicis seo an-tábhachtach dá dtimpeallachtaí áitiúla mar go bhfuil a n-athchúrsáil adhmaid agus ábhar plandaí eile de thábhacht mhór éiceolaíoch. Sa Chéinia, mar shampla, tá teirmithe go litriúil mar chuid den tírdhreach. Tógann teirmití oibrithe (títear córas caste ag teirmití, cosúil le hainníní agus beacha) tuile ollmhór os cionn na talún. Uaireanta, bíonn bealaí ag na speicis seo chun bogadh. Bhí speiceas an-díobhálach amháin, an téarmait Formosan, ag ionsaí mórthír na Stát Aontaithe ó tSín. Déanann na termites seo damáiste ollmhór do mhaoin, rud a fhágann go mbíonn costais mhóra le cóireáil agus le deisiú. Tagraítear don speiceas seo uaireanta mar an Super Termite toisc: - Tá sé coilíneachtaí an-mhór. - Is féidir le coilíneacht amháin a forage suas le 300 troigh. - Tá an galar seo ag cur isteach ar réimse leathan de struchtúir (lena n-áirítear báid agus cónaithe ard-ard). - Is féidir leis a ithe 13 unsaí de adhmad i lá amháin. Sa ráta seo, d'fhéadfadh damáiste tromchúiseach a bheith déanta do struchtúr i gceann trí mhí amháin. Fuarthas na termites seo i stáit theas mar Florida, Texas, agus Carolina Theas. Tuairiscíodh iad fiú in Alhambra, California, ach go fortunately, ní raibh siad fós a bheith endemic a an limistéar seo. I ndeisceart California, is iad na trí chineál teirmití ár mbaol is mó: crann tirim, crann taise, agus crann faoi thalamh. Cé nach bhfuil sé chomh tapaidh agus a scriosann an Formosan, ár speiceas dúchasach tá siad fós tiomanta do scriosadh struchtúir adhmaid i California. Má tá tú ina úinéir maoine le fadhb thirimíte, ansin tá a fhios agat cé chomh díograiseach is féidir leis na teirmití seo a bheith. I bpostanna amach anseo, beidh muid ag caint níos mó faoi ár speiceas áitiúil de drywood, dampwood, agus termites faoi thalamh gur gá do úinéirí tí agus maoine i ndeisceart California a bheith ar an airdeall. Mar sin féin, a léitheoir is óige, más rud é nach féidir leat fanacht leis an bpost eile agus má tá ceisteanna níos mó agat nó má tá gá agat le scriosadóir teirmití San Diego, seirbhísí fúscaireachta, nó cigireachtaí agus rialú teirmití i San Diego, Los Angeles, Contae Orange, nó áit ar bith eile i ndeisceart California, glaoigh ar Hi-Tech inniu!

Landscaping is not a one-size-fits-all project. The local climate has a huge impact on a successful landscaping project. Homeowners need to consider the temperature, moisture, soil and insects in their area when renovating the yard. The first and most important climate consideration is temperature; each plant species thrives in a specific temperature range. A pair of maps can help you choose the right plants for your area. The US Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone map divides North America into 11 zones, according to the average minimum winter temperature. The sub-arctic Zone 1 dips down below -50° Fahrenheit, and the tropical zone 11 tops 40°F throughout the winter. The American Horticultural Society created a slightly different heat zone map with 12 zones based on the average number of days with temperatures above 86°F. Plants are often marked with their temperature tolerance, and they may even have the hardiness zone listed on the seed packet or plant stake. The next consideration in climate is humidity and moisture in the soil. Thirsty plants in arid climates will require frequent watering, which is expensive and labor-intensive. Plus, frequent watering is bad for the environment because it wastes water, which is becoming increasingly scarce. In the same vein, a homesick Arizona native will drown and kill cacti in water-drenched Louisiana. In dry climates, mulch and other ground covers are important for preventing rapid evaporation of water. On the other hand, too much water in the soil can push out oxygen and suffocate plants. Wet-climate landscaping may require raising or lowering parts of the garden to improve drainage. Wind is a related consideration. Heavy, constant wind in Wyoming can dry out and stress plants. Landscapers need to consider windbreaks. Rating the Soil Landscaping projects also must account for the local soil conditions. Preparing a new landscape in the sandy deserts of Nevada is a different process than landscaping in rich, fertile Midwest soil. Poor soils must be improved each year with compost and other organic materials. Landscape designs in weaker soils must factor in annual tilling. Also, determine the average pH rating for your region before beginning a landscaping project. You may need to add more organic materials, as well as lime or sulfur, to reach the neutral or slightly acid soil conditions that are optimal for most home landscaping. The Birds and the Bugs Finally, insect species and populations vary between regions. However, only 10 percent of insects are destructive to plants, and gardeners should focus on plant species that attract the beneficial insects and bug-chomping birds that are native to their climate. Fungal diseases are another garden scourge. Gardeners in wetter, more fungus-prone regions will need to take care to spread out plants to improve air circulation, and be vigilant about picking off rotting plant parts. For more detailed information, consult your local Cooperative Extension Service. The experts at the extension office can help you landscape for your local climate, and they know how to account for temperature, moisture, soil quality and insects while revamping your landscape.

<urn:uuid:c066a63b-1413-4c41-a670-21164a25ee14>

CC-MAIN-2015-35

http://www.networx.com/article/landscaping-for-your-climate

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645310876.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031510-00092-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Ní tionscadal a oireann do gach duine é an tírdhreachú. Tá tionchar mór ag an aeráid áitiúil ar thionscadal rathúil tírdhreachaithe. Ní mór do úinéirí tí aird a thabhairt ar an teocht, ar an taise, ar an ithir agus ar na féaráin ina gceantar nuair a bhíonn an cíos á athchóiriú acu. Is é an chéad mheas ar an aeráid agus is tábhachtaí ná an teocht; tá speiceas sonrach teocht ag gach speiceas plandaí. Is féidir le péire léarscáileanna cabhrú leat na plandaí ceart a roghnú do do cheantar. Roinneann léarscáil Chrios Dúrthlaíochta Roinn Talmhaíochta na Stát Aontaithe Mheiriceá Thuaidh ina 11 gcrios, de réir an mheán teocht íosta an gheimhridh. Téann an limistéar fo-aicmeach 1 síos faoi bhun -50 ° Fahrenheit, agus an limistéar trópaiceach 11 os cionn 40 ° F i rith an gheimhridh. Chruthaigh an Cumann Horticulture Mheiriceá léarscáil chrios teasa beagán difriúil le 12 chrios bunaithe ar mheán-uimhir na laethanta le teochtaí os cionn 86 ° F. Is minic a bhíonn marcáil ar phlandaí lena n-fhuiling teochta, agus d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh an limistéar cruachta liostaithe acu ar an bpacáiste síolta nó ar an bpáirc phlandaí. Is é an chéad rud eile a mheasann tú maidir leis an aeráid ná taise agus taise sa ithir. Éilíonn plandaí tart i gcluaiseanna tirim uisce go minic, rud atá costasach agus a thógann go leor saothair. Ina theannta sin, tá sé dona don chomhshaol uisce a thabhairt go minic toisc go gcaitheann sé uisce, atá ag éirí níos gann. Ar an mbealach céanna, beidh dúchasach Arizona dúchasach a dhúnadh agus cacti a mharú i Louisiana uisce-sártha. I gclár tirim, tá mulch agus clúdach talún eile tábhachtach chun éadáil tapa uisce a chosc. Ar an láimh eile, d'fhéadfadh an iomarca uisce sa ithir ocsaigin a chur amach agus plandaí a chneamú. D'fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh gá le páirteanna den ghairdín a ardú nó a ísliú chun dránaíocht a fheabhsú chun tírdhreachú aeráide fliuch a dhéanamh. Is é an ghaoth smaoineamh gaolmhar. Is féidir le gaoth láidir, leanúnach i Wyoming a thriomú agus brú a chur ar phlandaí. Ní mór do na páirceálaithe tírdhreacha scáthanna gaoithe a chur san áireamh. An Tír a mheas Ní mór do thionscadail tírdhreachaithe aird a thabhairt freisin ar na coinníollacha ithreach áitiúla. Tá próiseas difriúil ag ullmhú tírdhreach nua i bhfásach gaineamh Nevada ná tírdhreachú i dtalamh saibhir, torthúil an Mheán-Iarthair. Ní mór ithir bhochta a fheabhsú gach bliain le compost agus le hábhair orgánacha eile. Ní mór do dhearadh tírdhreacha i dtalamh níos laige aird a thabhairt ar fhilleadh bliantúil. Chomh maith leis sin, déan an meán-mheas pH do do cheantar a chinneadh sula dtosaíonn tú ar thionscadal tírdhreachaithe. B'fhéidir go mbeidh ort níos mó ábhar orgánach, chomh maith le líom nó sulfair, a chur leis chun na coinníollacha ithreach neodrach nó beagán aigéadach a bhaint amach atá is fearr le haghaidh an chuid is mó de na háiteanna a ndéantar tírdhreachú. Na Éin agus na Beagáin Ar deireadh, tá éagsúlacht ann idir speicis agus daonra na n-ionsaithe. Mar sin féin, ní dhéanann ach 10 faoin gcéad de na hacmhainní damáiste do phlandaí, agus ba cheart do ghairdínéirí díriú ar speicis phlandaí a mheallann na hacmhainní tairbheacha agus na héin a bhíonn ag cur bac ar insectí a bhfuil a n-aird féin acu. Is é galar fungach scoir eile an ghairdín. Ní mór do ghairdínéirí i réigiúin níos fliuch, níos mó a bhfuil fongus iontu aire a thabhairt do phlandaí a scaipeadh chun scaipeadh aer a fheabhsú, agus a bheith aireach maidir le páirteanna plandaí atá ag dul i bhfás a phiocadh. Chun tuilleadh eolais a fháil, téigh i gcomhairle le Seirbhís Fheistithe Comhlachais áitiúil. Is féidir leis na saineolaithe san oifig leathnaithe cabhrú leat tírdhreach a chruthú do do thimpeallacht áitiúil, agus tá a fhios acu conas teochta, taise, cáilíocht ithir agus feithidí a chur san áireamh agus iad ag athchóiriú do thírdhreach.

- Contrec 212 BTU Meter is designed to measure the energy consumed in both heating and cooling (air conditioning) systems. - The instrument is normally supplied complete with temperature probes and power supply and will interface with a wide variety of flowmeters, including positive displacement and inferential water meters, magnetic flowmeters with pulse outputs, turbine flowmeters & paddle wheel flowmeters. - Contrec 212 BTU Meter measures the temperature in the feed and return flow lines and uses this information to calculate the density and enthalpy of water. - By also measuring the volume of water flowing in the system, the Model 212 will then determine the energy used. Calculate power as: P = V x ᵨ x (hTV – hTR) where P = Power (W) V = Volumetric Flowrate (m3/sec) ᵨ = Density (kg/m3) hTV = Specific Enthalpy (J/kg) at Feed Temperature hTR = Specific Enthalpy (J/kg) at Return Temperature - For typical water heating or cooling systems, Contrec 212 design for pressures does not exceed 16 bars. - The temperature in both the feed and return lines is measured via two PT100 resistance temperature devices (RTDs). - Four wire RTDs should be a matched pair, Class A to IEC 751 standard to achieve maximum accuracy. - Contrec 212 complies with OIML R75 and EN1434 standards also include Meter-bus and RS485 (Modbus RTU) communication links. - BTU Meter includes separate peak and off-peak registers as well as the ability to compute charge and discharge energy in systems where heat may be stored in underground tanks. - Contrec 212 provides pulse output with programmable pulse width from 10 to 500ms. - Contrec 212 BTU Meter has a highly accurate built-in real time clock (2ppm typ) also keep track of logging, peak-on/peak-off points, etc. - After the power failure, the real-time clock is able to keep running for two days hence with ±1 minute accuracy, typically.

<urn:uuid:697be6b0-bdca-4669-a709-0c36ba9c1be6>

CC-MAIN-2018-43

https://celectric.com.my/product/contrec-212-heat-energy-calculator-btu-meter/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511175.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017132258-20181017153758-00018.warc.gz

en

- Tá méadar 212 BTU Contrec deartha chun an fuinneamh a chaitear i gcórais téimh agus fuaraithe (aerchóirithe) a thomhas. - Déantar an t-ionstraim a sholáthar de ghnáth le sondí teochta agus soláthar cumhachta agus beidh sé ag comhéadan le réimse leathan de shreabhadh-uisce, lena n-áirítear méadair uisce díláithrithe dearfacha agus inferential, méadair shreabhadh-uisce maighnéadacha le aschuir phulsa, méadair shreabhadh-uisce turbín agus méadair shreabhadh-uisce roth-pádla. - Méadaíonn an méadar 212 BTU Contrec an teocht sna línte sreabhadh aistrithe agus aistrithe agus úsáideann sé an fhaisnéis seo chun dlús agus enthalpy uisce a ríomh. - Trí mhéid an uisce a shreabhann sa chóras a thomhas freisin, socróidh an Múnla 212 an fuinneamh a úsáidtear ansin. Cumhacht a ríomh mar: P = V x ρ x (hTV hTR) áit a bhfuil P = Cumhacht (W) V = Ráta sruthála toirteamhtha (m3/s) Is é an t-am is mó a úsáidtear an t-am is mó a úsáidtear chun an t-am is mó a úsáid. hTV = Enthalpy sonrach (J/kg) ag Teochta an Fheoil hTR = Enthalpy sonrach (J/kg) ag Teochta Athchóirithe - I gcás córais tipiciúla téimh nó fuaraithe uisce, ní rachaidh brú deartha Contrec 212 thar 16 barra. - Déantar an teocht sa líne beathaithe agus sa líne aisghabhála a thomhas trí dhá fheiste teochta friotaíochta PT100 (RTDanna). - Ba cheart RTDanna ceithre sreang a bheith ina péire comhoiriúnaithe, Rang A go caighdeán IEC 751 chun an cruinneas is mó a bhaint amach. - Tá Contrec 212 ag comhlíonadh caighdeáin OIML R75 agus EN1434 agus cuimsíonn sé nasc cumarsáide Meter-bus agus RS485 (Modbus RTU). - Cuimsíonn an méadar BTU cláir ar leithligh le haghaidh picí agus lasmuigh de picí chomh maith leis an gcumas fuinnimh muirir agus díolacháin a ríomh i gcórais ina bhféadfar teas a stóráil i tancanna faoi thalamh. - Soláthraíonn Contrec 212 aschur phulsa le leithead phulsa inchláraithe ó 10 go 500ms. - Tá clog fíor-ama an-chruinnithe ag méadar 212 BTU Contrec (2ppm typ) a choinníonn rian freisin ar logáil, pointí buaic-on / buaic-off, etc. - Tar éis an easpa cumhachta, tá an clog fíor-ama in ann leanúint ar aghaidh ag rith ar feadh dhá lá dá bhrí sin le cruinneas ± 1 nóiméad, de ghnáth.

New research shows that standing desks have reduced classroom management issues and produced a calmer environment. In addition, students have more stamina for learning. Studies at Texas A & M suggest that standing desks help students’ ability to stay on task and pay attention by an extra 12 percent which equals 7 minutes extra of instruction time per hour. In addition, there are health benefits in relation to reducing childhood obesity and relieving stress on spinal structure. Even at low levels, physical activity may benefit cognition. If this helps some students, it can help the whole class because it can save the teacher and students’ time in regards to behavior issues. It also shows students that everyone learns in different ways and make accommodations for those who need to wiggle a bit more. Thumbs up for standing desks:)! It is something you can try at home as well. If you are interested in reading more please see the links below!

<urn:uuid:450e28d8-1d1b-4c47-86f4-a5ca85babf03>

CC-MAIN-2021-31

https://beachcitiestutoring.com/2020/07/are-standing-desks-good-for-kids-2/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154457.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803092648-20210803122648-00043.warc.gz

en

Léiríonn taighde nua gur laghdaigh deasc seasta fadhbanna bainistíochta sa seomra ranga agus gur chruthaigh sé timpeallacht níos socair. Ina theannta sin, tá níos mó stamina ag mic léinn chun foghlaim. Léiríonn staidéir in A & M Texas go gcuireann deasc seasamh le cumas na mac léinn fanacht ar an tasc agus aird a thabhairt le 12 faoin gcéad breise a chomhionann le 7 nóiméad breise ama teagaisc in aghaidh na huaire. Ina theannta sin, tá sochair sláinte ann maidir le murtall óige a laghdú agus strus a mhaolú ar struchtúr spine. Fiú amháin ag leibhéil íseal, d'fhéadfadh gníomhaíocht choirp a bheith tairbheach don chognaíocht. Má chabhraíonn sé seo le roinnt daltaí, is féidir leis an rang ar fad a chabhrú toisc gur féidir leis am an mhúinteora agus na daltaí a shábháil maidir le saincheisteanna iompraíochta. Léiríonn sé freisin do mhic léinn go bhfuil gach duine ag foghlaim ar bhealaí éagsúla agus go ndéantar cóiríocht dóibh siúd a bhfuil gá acu le beagán níos mó bogadh. Thumbs suas do dheasc seasaimh:)! Is rud é gur féidir leat triail a bhaint as sa bhaile freisin. Má tá suim agat tuilleadh a léamh, féach naisc thíos!

People in Sweden have been imprinted by the challenges of surviving a harsh climate. The connection with weather, wind, seasons and a need to be close to nature for well being is deeply rooted. Today, there is a documented mental health crisis among the youth in Sweden. Established mental health treatments are not able to meet their growing need and calls for help. Wilderness Therapy has one answer in a country of vast open spaces of mountains, forests, lakes and islands. The new generation is growing up in a country that quickly is becoming multicultural. How we address and care for the challenges to integrate diversity will determine the health of our society, people and the natural environment we are part of and all depend on. There is also the First Nation, Sapmi, indigenous to the north of Scandina The new generation is growing up in a country that quickly is becoming multicultural. How we address and care for the challenges to integrate diversity will determine the health of our society, people and the natural environment we are part of and all depend on. There is also the First Nation, Sapmi, indigenous to the north of Scandinavia, with an urgency to restore their rights to land and culture. Wilderness Therapy in Sweden will consider the need of a variety of programs for a diverse population. Pilot projects are currently being developed to offer young people in need the opportunity to participate in the first Wilderness Therapy expedition in Sweden. Their symptoms might be depression, anxiety, low self esteem, relational difficulties and/or self-harming behaviors. Wilderness Therapy in Sweden is inspired by the clinical model AEDP, developed by Diana Fosha, PhD, in the USA. It's a relational healing-oriented, body-centered and transformational model of therapy. "We are wired to connect" (Diana Fosha, 2010)..... with each other and with Nature. The combination of Wilderness Therapy and the pathos of AEDP will provide an ultimate opportunity for restoring resilience through safe, nurturing relationships with experienced therapists and nature guides. Maria is founder of VIS (Wilderness Therapy in Sweden), social worker and licensed psychotherapist, Maria is educated and active with the AEDP network and has over 30 years experience as a therapist for children, adolescents, families and couples. While living in the USA, she was introduced to Wilderness Therapy as a treatment option. Impressed with the results, she is passionate about introducing this modality to youth and families in Sweden as well. Niklas works with youth in a residential treatment program and as a wilderness guide. He is educated in Sweden and in the USA and is passionate about sharing his knowledge and experience about living and working with people in nature. He is the co-founder of the association Naturliv, offering a wide variety of courses based in the beautiful forests outside of Stockholm. He is also participating in the development of Wilderness Therapy in Sweden. In his free time, he likes to work with different handicrafts in nature. Petra works in Stockholm, Sweden as a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, a Certified Nature and Forest Therapy Guide and as a Mindfulness Facilitator. As the founder and director of Shinrin-Yoku Sweden, Petra offers ”Forest Bathing” and Forest Therapy as public and private events, individual ecotherapeutic sessions as well as lectures and workshops around Sweden and abroad. She is passionate to introduce Forest Therapy in Primary Health Care, as a treatment for stress related disorders, anxiety and depression, as well as participating in the development of Wilderness Therapy in Sweden.

<urn:uuid:55d6ebce-8251-4af5-8957-a5339b37ae7c>

CC-MAIN-2021-31

https://vildmarksterapi.com/english

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154420.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803030201-20210803060201-00600.warc.gz

en

Tá dúshláin na maireachtála i gclás garbh curtha i bhfeidhm ar dhaoine sa tSualainn. Tá an nasc leis an aimsir, leis an ghaoth, leis na séasúir agus leis an ngá atá le bheith gar don nádúr chun go mbeidh tú go maith, go domhain. Sa lá atá inniu ann, tá géarchéim sláinte meabhrach cáipitithe i measc na n-óige sa tSualainn. Ní féidir le cóireálacha meabhairshláinte a bhfuil cáil orthu freastal ar a ngá agus ar a n-iarratais ar chabhair atá ag fás. Tá freagra amháin ag Teiripe an Fhearainn i dtír de spásanna oscailte ollmhóra sléibhte, foraoisí, lochanna agus oileáin. Tá an ghlúin nua ag fás suas i dtír atá ag éirí go tapa ilchultúrtha. Cinnfidh an chaoi a bhfreagróimid agus a chúramfaimid na dúshláin maidir le héagsúlacht a chomhtháthú sláinte ár sochaí, daoine agus an chomhshaoil nádúrtha a bhfuil muid mar chuid de agus a bhfuil muid ag brath ar fad orthu. Tá an Chéad Náisiún, Sapmi, dúchasach ó thuaidh na Scandina ann freisin Tá an ghlúin nua ag fás suas i dtír atá ag éirí go tapa ilchultúrtha. Cinnfidh an chaoi a bhfreagróimid agus a chúramfaimid na dúshláin maidir le héagsúlacht a chomhtháthú sláinte ár sochaí, daoine agus an chomhshaoil nádúrtha a bhfuil muid mar chuid de agus a bhfuil muid ag brath ar fad orthu. Tá an Chéad Náisiún, Sapmi, dúchasach ó thuaidh na hIarnáise, ann freisin, agus tá práinn acu a gcearta ar thalamh agus ar chultúr a thabhairt ar ais. Beidh Wilderness Therapy in Sweden ag smaoineamh ar an ngá atá le cláir éagsúla do dhaonra éagsúil. Tá tionscadail philéad ag forbairt faoi láthair chun deis a thabhairt do dhaoine óga atá i ngátar páirt a ghlacadh sa chéad thuras Teiripe Fiadhúlra sa tSualainn. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh a n-iarsmaí ina n-éileamh, imní, íseal-mheas féin, deacrachtaí caidrimh agus / nó iompar féin-dhó. Tá Teiripe an Fharraige sa tSualainn spreagtha ag an tsamhail chliniciúil AEDP, a d'fhorbair Diana Fosha, PhD, sna Stáit Aontaithe. Is samhail teiripe é atá dírithe ar leigheas caidrimh, atá dírithe ar an gcomhlacht agus ar an athrú. "Tá muid ceangail chun nascadh" (Diana Fosha, 2010)..... lena chéile agus leis an dúlra. Soláthróidh an teaglaim de Theiripe Fiadhúlra agus an pathos de AEDP deis deiridh chun athléimneacht a athbhunú trí chaidrimh shábháilte, chothúcháin le teiripeoirí agus treoracha nádúrtha a bhfuil taithí acu. Is Maria bunaitheoir VIS (Wilderness Therapy in Sweden), oibrí sóisialta agus síceolaí ceadúnaithe, tá Maria oideachas agus gníomhach leis an líonra AEDP agus tá níos mó ná 30 bliain taithí aici mar theiripeoir do leanaí, do dhéagóirí, do theaghlaigh agus do lánúineacha. Agus í ina cónaí sna Stáit Aontaithe, tugadh isteach í ar Theiripe Fiáin mar rogha cóireála. Tá an toradh seo iontach uirthi agus tá sí ag iarraidh an modh seo a chur ar fáil do dhaoine óga agus do theaghlaigh sa tSualainn freisin. Oibríonn Niklas le daoine óga i gclár cóireála cónaithe agus mar threoir fiáin. Tá oideachas faighte aige sa tSualainn agus sna Stáit Aontaithe agus tá sé paiseanta faoi a chuid eolais agus taithí a roinnt maidir le maireachtáil agus obair le daoine sa nádúr. Is é an com-bhunaitheoir den chomhlachas Naturliv, a thairgeann réimse leathan cúrsaí atá bunaithe sna foraoisí áille lasmuigh de Stócólm. Tá sé ag glacadh páirt freisin i bhforbairt Teiripe an Fhearainn sa tSualainn. I am saor, is maith leis obair le ceardaíocht éagsúla sa nádúr. Oibríonn Petra i Stócólm, an tSualainn mar Shéachológa Cliniciúil Cheadúnaithe, mar Threoir Teiripe Dúlra agus Foraoise Cheadúnaithe agus mar Chúntóir Mindfulness. Mar bhunaitheoir agus stiúrthóir Shinrin-Yoku Sweden, cuireann Petra "Bath na Foraoise" agus "Teiripe na Foraoise" ar fáil mar imeachtaí poiblí agus príobháideacha, seisiúin éiceaiteiripeacha aonair chomh maith le léachtaí agus ceardlanna ar fud na Sualainne agus thar lear. Tá sí díograiseach le Teiripe Foraoise a thabhairt isteach i gCúram Sláinte Bunúsach, mar chóireáil le haghaidh neamhoird a bhaineann le strus, imní agus dúlagar, chomh maith le bheith rannpháirteach i bhforbairt Teiripe Fiáin sa tSualainn.

Sunday, January 2, 2011 Much of law school remains centered on a litigation model in which students ask how should a judge decide a case or how should lawyers argue a case to win. However, lawyers also counsel clients in making moral decisions. For example: In pursuing a divorce, should I take actions that might harm a child or spouse? In a business deal, what will be the effect on consumers and on the environment? Should I settle this case or drag it out to the detriment of my opponent? Who will benefit and who will suffer if I write my will in a certain way? In “Lawyers, Clients, and Moral Responsibility,” (Thomson/West), Thomas Shaffer and Robert Cochran employ Anthony Trollope’s novel, “The Warden” (which I recommend) to illustrate three style of counseling and moral discourse: 1. Empathetic understanding, which is sometimes helpful. 2. Acquisitiveness: Counseling the approach that will best benefit the client financially without regard to moral considerations—and also may benefit the lawyer. 2. Parentalism: Telling the client what to do and assuming that you fully understand the client. Instead, the authors propose that lawyer and client engage in a moral discourse and reason together, recognizing the moral issues, applying moral values to problems, and trying to do what the client perceives to be the right thing. They acknowledge that the task is not an easy one.

<urn:uuid:2d86e16f-16a7-4595-83e2-50a9b952c972>

CC-MAIN-2015-40

http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/legal_skills/2011/01/helping-clients-make-moral-decisions.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737899086.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221819-00150-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Dé Domhnaigh, 2 Eanáir, 2011 Tá cuid mhór den scoil dlí dírithe ar mhúnla dlíthíochta ina n-iarrann mic léinn conas ba cheart do bhreitheamh cás a chinneadh nó conas ba cheart do dhlíodóirí cás a phlé chun bua a fháil. Mar sin féin, tugann dlíodóirí comhairle do chliaint freisin maidir le cinntí morálta a dhéanamh. Mar shampla: Ag iarraidh colscaradh a dhéanamh, an chóir dom gníomhartha a dhéanamh a d'fhéadfadh dochar a dhéanamh do leanbh nó do pháirtí? I ndáil le déileáil le gnó, cén tionchar a bheidh aige ar thomhaltóirí agus ar an gcomhshaol? An chóir dom an cás seo a shocrú nó é a tharraingt amach chun dochar a dhéanamh do mo chuid opponent? Cé a thabharfaidh tairbhe agus cé a dhéanfaidh pian má scríobhann mé mo thoil ar bhealach áirithe? I "Aighneoirí, Cliaint, agus Freagracht Mhorálta", (Thomson/West), úsáideann Thomas Shaffer agus Robert Cochran úrscéal Anthony Trollope, "An Príomh-Aire" (a mholfainn) chun trí stíl chomhairleoireachta agus díospóireachta morálta a léiriú: 1. an t-am a bhí ann. Tuiscint chomhbhá, rud a chabhraíonn uaireanta. 2. Seachadadh. Acquisitiveness: Comhairle an cur chuige a bheidh is fearr a bhaint as an gcliant go airgeadais gan aird ar mheasúnais mhoráltaagus d'fhéadfadh a bheith tairbheach freisin an dlíodóir. 2. Seachadadh. Parentalism: Ag insint don chliaint cad atá le déanamh agus ag glacadh leis go dtuigeann tú go hiomlán an cliant. Ina áit sin, molann na húdair go bhfuil dlíodóir agus cliant a bheith páirteach i mór-chúrsa morálta agus réasún le chéile, ag aithint na saincheisteanna morálta, a chur i bhfeidhm luachanna morálta do fhadhbanna, agus ag iarraidh a dhéanamh cad a fheiceann an cliant a bheith an rud ceart. Admhaíonn siad nach tasc éasca é.

A collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist is necessary because the clinical management of most sleep disorders depends on the patient’s willingness to carry out the clinician’s recommendations. Although the therapist’s role and the level of required clinical skills will vary according to the specific sleep disorder and the selected modality of therapy, basic psychotherapeutic skills such as empathy and support are essential in all cases. Once those skills are mastered, the management of sleep disorders should be sleep focused, goal directed, and problem solving in orientation. The clinician is a facilitator and a problem solver, not someone who will provide a magical cure. The underlying message is that the patient must take an active role in his or her own care. Within this self-management framework, the therapist provides guidance and recommendations, but the patient is responsible for their implementation. An important objective of therapy is to foster a sense of control so that patients no longer feel that they are victims of a sleep problem. This is best accomplished by educating patients about controlling variables and teaching them how to alter those circumstances. Ongoing monitoring of treatment progress is also an essential element of any therapeutic relationship. A common mistake is to expect that the prescription of a drug or of behavioral changes will suffice to eliminate sleep complaints. Regular follow-up evaluations must be scheduled to monitor treatment progress and compliance. Revision date: June 21, 2011 Last revised: by Amalia K. Gagarina, M.S., R.D.

<urn:uuid:36daed2b-0576-4e07-b1a4-54db60e4faee>

CC-MAIN-2018-43

http://sleep.health.am/sleep/more/establishing-a-collaborative-relationship/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583509996.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20181016030831-20181016052331-00440.warc.gz

en

Tá caidreamh comhoibritheach idir an t-othar agus an teiripeoir riachtanach toisc go bhfuil bainistíocht chliniciúil an chuid is mó de na neamhoird codlata ag brath ar toilteanas an othair moltaí an chliniceora a chur i bhfeidhm. Cé go mbeidh ról an teiripeora agus leibhéal na scileanna cliniciúla is gá ag athrú de réir an neamhoird codlata sonrach agus an mhodh teiripe roghnaithe, tá scileanna bunúsacha síceiteiripeacha cosúil le comhthuiscint agus tacaíocht ríthábhachtach i ngach cás. Nuair a bheidh na scileanna sin máistreachtaithe, ba cheart go mbeadh bainistíocht neamhoird codlata dírithe ar chodladh, dírithe ar sprioc, agus réiteach fadhbanna i dtreoir. Is é an cliniceoir an t-aistriúchán agus réiteach fadhbanna, ní duine a sholáthróidh leigheas draíochta. Is é an teachtaireacht atá faoi bhun an scéil go gcaithfidh an t-othar ról gníomhach a ghlacadh ina chúram féin. Laistigh den chreat féinbhainistíochta seo, soláthraíonn an teiripeoir treoir agus moltaí, ach tá an t-othar freagrach as a gcur i bhfeidhm. Is é cuspóir tábhachtach na teiripe mothú na smachta a chothú ionas nach mbraitheann othair go bhfuil siad ina n-íospartaigh do fhadhb codlata. Is fearr é seo a bhaint amach trí othair a oideachas faoi na hathróga a rialú agus trína múineadh dóibh conas na cúinsí sin a athrú. Tá monatóireacht leanúnach ar dhul chun cinn an chóireála ina ghné riachtanach de chaidreamh teiripeach ar bith freisin. Is é botún coitianta a bheith ag súil go mbeidh cógais nó athruithe iompraíochta a fhorordú go leor chun gearán codlata a dhíchur. Ní mór meastóireachtaí rialta leantacha a sceidealú chun faireachán a dhéanamh ar dhul chun cinn agus ar chomhlíonadh na cóireála. Dáta athbhreithnithe: 21 Meitheamh, 2011 Athbhreithnithe deireanach: ag Amalia K. Gagarina, M.S., R.D.

Books shelved as psychology: thinking, fast and slow by daniel kahneman, man's search for meaning by viktor e frankl, blink: the power of thinking witho. Being a psychology student, you may find the task of choosing a topic for your psychology research paper a daunting task here is an extensive list of topics that you. Color and psychological functioning: the effect of red on and psychology of color performance has contrasted the effect of red versus blue (or, less. Department of psychology, boston college, mcguinn sample one-experiment paper to think that the positivity effect may be operating only at later stages of. You don’t need to feel like a rat in a maze to find good psychology research topics for college students questia, your online research library and paper writing. The halo effect refers to a cognitive bias whereby the perception of a particular trait is influenced by the perception of the former traits in a sequence of. The psychology of groups a single student, working alone on a paper, to avoid polarization, the common knowledge effect,. Teaching of psychology, 35: effect of paper color and question order on exam performance and found no effect of paper. 07022008 students performed worse on exams printed on primary blue paper, but pastel colors had no effect white paper works best teaching of psychology, 31:. Classics in the history of psychology in the paper already referred to, the effect of interfering word stimuli upon naming colors serially. As psychology 7181/1 paper 1 introductory topics in psychology mark scheme 7181 june 2016 version 10: final mark scheme. 17082018 peer commentary expanding achievement motivation theory: how motivational psychology relates to other fields. Cognitive psychology research papers overview the study of human cognition—a term which literally means knowing. The sunk cost effect is 1981 the purpose of the present paper is to another way to examine the role of wastefulness in the psychology of sunk cost. In psychology, the numerical stroop effect (related to the standard stroop effect) demonstrates the relationship between numerical values and physical sizes. 15052017 - weapon foucs effect: aqa as psychology paper 1 we have a brilliant team of more than 60 support team members looking after discussions on the student room,. Color psychology (the “colour affects” system) of psychology, color is energy and the fact that it has a physical effect on us has been proved time and. Jun1671810201 ib/g/jun16/e2 7181/2 as psychology paper 2 psychology in context monday 23 may 2016 afternoon time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes. Haberman, joe (science) harris, fredericka and complete an apa-style research paper once each 78how does social anxiety disorder effect the routine life of. Writing in psychology introductions method section so reread your introduction carefully before writing the discussion the effect size observed in this.

<urn:uuid:828d6cd9-4c84-477b-80c5-2f4f0a42513e>

CC-MAIN-2018-43

http://jopapernelz.macrophytes.info/psychology-paper-swoop-effect.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583514437.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20181021224001-20181022005501-00191.warc.gz

en

Leabhair a cuireadh ar ais mar shíceolaíocht: Smaointe, tapa agus mall ag Daniel Kahneman, Cuardach an Duine ar Chiall ag Viktor E. Frankl, Blink: Cumhacht na Smaointe le. Mar mhic léinn síceolaíochta, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh sé deacair duit ábhar a roghnú do pháipéar taighde síceolaíochta. Seo liosta fairsing de na hábhair a bhfuil tú ag iarraidh a roghnú. Dath agus feidhmiú síceolaíoch: tá éifeacht an dearg ar fheidhmíocht an dath agus síceolaíocht an dath i gcodarsnacht le héifeacht an dearg i gcoinne na gorm (nó, níos lú). Roinn na Síceolaíochta, Coláiste Boston, McGuinn sampla amháin-taighde páipéar a cheapann go bhféadfadh an éifeacht dearfach a bheith ag feidhmiú ach amháin ag céimeanna níos déanaí de. Ní gá duit a bheith cosúil le ratt i labyrinth chun ábhair taighde síceolaíochta maith a aimsiú do mhic léinn coláiste, do leabharlann taighde ar líne agus do pháipéar scríofa. Tagraíonn éifeacht halo do thréithe cognaíoch trína mbíonn tionchar ag tuiscint na ngnéithe roimhe sin i seicse de thréithe a bhaineann le tréith áirithe. Is é an síceolaíocht grúpaí an mic léinn aonair, ag obair ina n-aonar ar pháipéar, chun polarú a sheachaint, an éifeacht eolais choitinn,. Teagasc síceolaíochta, 35: éifeacht d'uimhir scrúdaithe ar dath na páipéir agus ord na gceist agus níor aimsíodh aon éifeacht ar pháipéar. Bhí níos measa ag mic léinn 07022008 ar scrúduithe a bhí clóite ar pháipéar gorm bunscoile, ach ní raibh aon éifeacht ag dathanna pastel páipéar bán oibríonn teagasc is fearr na síceolaíochta, 31:. Clásaicí i stair na síceolaíochta sa pháipéar a luaitear cheana féin, an éifeacht a bhaineann le stiúiliúlacht focal a chur isteach ar a ainmniú dathanna go sraitheach. Mar shíceolaíocht 7181/1 páipéar 1 ábhair réamhrácha i scéim marc síceolaíochta 7181 2016 meitheamh leagan 10: scéim marc deiridh. 17082018 tuairimí ó chomhghleacaithe ag leathnú teoiric spreagadh éachtaí: conas a bhaineann síceolaíocht spreagúil le réimsí eile. Léiríonn páipéir taighde síceolaíochta cognaíoch léargas ar staidéar ar chognaíocht an duine - téarma a chiallaíonn go litriúil go bhfuil a fhios aige. Is é cuspóir an pháipéir seo chun scrúdú a dhéanamh ar an ról a bhíonn ag an mí-úsáid i síceolaíocht an chostais sheacanta. Sa síceolaíocht, léiríonn éifeacht stróip uimhriúil (a bhaineann leis an éifeacht stróip chaighdeánach) an gaol idir luachanna uimhriúla agus méideanna fisiciúla. 15052017 - éifeacht arm foucs: aqa mar pháipéar síceolaíochta 1 tá foireann iontach againn de níos mó ná 60 ball foirne tacaíochta ag faire ar phlé ar an seomra mac léinn,. Sa síceolaíocht, is fuinneamh é dath agus tá sé cruthaithe go bhfuil éifeacht fhisiciúil aige orainn. Jun1671810201 ib/g/jun16/e2 7181/2 mar pháipéar síceolaíochta 2 síceolaíocht i gcomhthéacs Dé Luain 23 Bealtaine 2016 tráthnóna Am ceadaithe: 1 uair an chloig 30 nóiméad. Tá sé de phribhléid ag an ollamh, an tUasal Haberman, Joe (Science) Harris, agus Fredericka, páipéar taighde a chomhlánú uair amháin i ngach 78 Scríobh i gclár meicníochta an tséideolaíocht mar sin léigh do thabhairt isteach go cúramach sula scríobh an plé an méid éifeacht a breathnaíodh sa.

There is evidence to suggest the product Roundup causes non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but some debate remains among the medical community regarding the exact carcinogenic effects of Roundup. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), an ingredient in Roundup, glyphosate, is a probable carcinogen in humans. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer that affects the lymphatic system, an intricate part of your immune system. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), NHL accounts for approximately 4 percent of all cancers with over 70,000 new cases reported annually in the United States alone. Some of the symptoms of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma include: - Swollen or painful lymph nodes - Pain in the abdominal region - Sudden weight loss - Chest pain and difficulty breathing If you are exhibiting any of these symptoms it is important to seek medical attention. Only a professional will be able to accurately assess and diagnose possible cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and develop a treatment plan accordingly. There is some evidence that suggests exposure to the chemical glyphosate could increase the likelihood of developing this form of cancer. Glyphosate, found in the weed-killer Roundup, could be harmful depending on the duration and intensity of exposure. There is conflicting evidence of the dangers of Roundup, but it is still important to monitor your health if you have used or have been exposed to this product. Exposure to Roundup Whether you are a farmer or recreational gardener, work in a commercial setting or garden as a hobby, you may have used Roundup in the past. Roundup is very popular due to its effectiveness in killing unwanted weeds while preserving crops. This product, manufactured by the company Monsanto, is used over 100 times more than it was in 1974, according to a study published by the National Institutes of Health. Roundup has been used for over 40 years around the world and the potentially harmful chemical, glyphosate, is still being used to date. Even if you do not regularly work with Roundup, you could still be exposed. Those who are part of the supply chain in the production or application of Roundup are in danger of ingesting this product. If you live near a farm or growing facility, it is possible you could also be exposed. Even if you are a consumer who ingests a food product that had been treated with Roundup, exposure can occur. Glyphosate is synthesized by combining iminodiacetic acid, phosphorous acid, and hydrochloric acid. While the first synthesis of this chemical is credited to a Swiss chemist named Henry Martin in the 1950’s, the American chemist John Franz independently discovered glyphosate in the 1970’s. Franz was working for Monsanto when he discovered glyphosate, and quickly realized its potential as an effective herbicide. Glyphosate works as a weed killer by inhibiting an enzyme associated with plant growth. By being absorbed into growing weeds and inhibiting further growth, it is effective in killing off unwanted vegetation. While there is no debate about whether or not Roundup is effective as a weed killer, there is some concern regarding the safety of Roundup and glyphosate in general. While there are some studies and reports, such as the 2015 release from the World Health Organization listing Roundup as a “probable” carcinogen, not all information from other agencies supports this claim. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stated as recently as 2020 that glyphosate poses “no risk of concern to human health.” For such an abundantly used product, there are relatively minimal studies conducted with any conclusiveness, but it is still possible that Roundup causes non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. If you are exhibiting any signs of disease and have been exposed to Roundup, you should seek medical guidance from a professional. It could also be beneficial to learn more about your legal options in case you were endangered by another party. Does Roundup Cause Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma? Understanding Your Legal Options If you were exposed to glyphosate, through your work, unknowingly as a consumer, or through any other measure, your health could be at risk. While there are still more pending studies and ongoing debate regarding whether or not Roundup causes non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some studies suggest there is a link. The duration and intensity of exposure to Roundup could also be a contributing factor in the likelihood of developing cancer. Your exposure could also be due to the negligence of a third party to keep you informed of dangerous effects and away from harmful substances. In some cases, those exposed to glyphosate could have a legal case against responsible parties. If you are interested in learning more about your legal options, call (800) 794-0444 today. A team member at Pintas & Mullins Law Firm is available to discuss your case in detail and help you determine if you may be eligible for financial compensation.

<urn:uuid:a98daef7-d8ef-4957-a97e-39dee58d10fb>

CC-MAIN-2021-31

https://www.pintas.com/defective-product-lawyer/roundup-weed-killer-lawsuit/does-roundup-cause-non-hodgkins-lymphoma/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151760.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725174608-20210725204608-00359.warc.gz

en

Tá fianaise ann a thugann le tuiscint go gcuireann an táirge Roundup le limfóma neamh-Hodgkin, ach tá roinnt díospóireachta fós i measc an phobail leighis maidir le héifeachtaí carcanaigineacha cruinn Roundup. De réir na Gníomhaireachta Idirnáisiúnta um Thaighde ar Ailse (IARC), is dócha go bhfuil glifosát, comhábhar i Roundup, ina carcanaigineach i ndaoine. Is ailse é lymphoma neamh-Hodgkin (NHL) a théann i bhfeidhm ar an gcóras limfeach, cuid casta de do chóras imdhíonachta. De réir na hInstitiúidí Náisiúnta Sláinte (NIH), is ionann NHL agus thart ar 4 faoin gcéad de na hailse go léir agus tuairiscítear breis agus 70,000 cás nua gach bliain sna Stáit Aontaithe amháin. I measc roinnt de na hairíonna atá ag limfóma neamh-Hodgkin tá: - nóid lymph atá tuirseach nó pianmhar - Píobáil i réigiún na mbroinn - Meáchain caillteanas tobann - Phian sa chiste agus deacracht ag anailís Má tá aon cheann de na comharthaí seo ag teacht ort, tá sé tábhachtach aire leighis a lorg. Ní bheidh ach gairmiúil in ann cásanna féideartha lymphoma neamh- Hodgkin a mheas agus a dhiagnóisiú go cruinn agus plean cóireála a fhorbairt dá réir sin. Tá roinnt fianaise ann a thugann le tuiscint go bhféadfadh nochtadh don cheimiceán glifosat an dóchúlacht a mhéadú go bhforbrófaí an cineál ailse seo. D'fhéadfadh glyphosate, a fhaightear sa Roundup, a bheith díobhálach ag brath ar thréimhse agus ar dhruim an nochta. Tá fianaise thrédhearcach ann maidir le contúirtí Roundup, ach tá sé tábhachtach fós monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar do shláinte má d'úsáid tú an táirge seo nó má bhí tú nochtaithe dó. Nochtadh do Roundup Cibé an feirmeoir nó gairdínéir áineasa tú, an bhfuil tú ag obair i suíomh tráchtála nó i gcuradh mar shaothar, b'fhéidir gur bhain tú úsáid as Roundup san am atá thart. Tá an-tóir ar Roundup mar gheall ar a éifeachtacht i marú féar gan iarraidh agus é ag caomhnú barra. Baintear úsáid as an táirge seo, a mhonaraíonn an chuideachta Monsanto, níos mó ná 100 uair ná mar a bhí i 1974, de réir staidéir a d'fhoilsigh na hInstitiúidí Náisiúnta Sláinte. Tá Roundup á úsáid ar feadh níos mó ná 40 bliain ar fud an domhain agus tá an ceimiceán a d'fhéadfadh a bheith díobhálach, glifosáit, á úsáid go fóill go dtí seo. Fiú mura n-oibríonn tú go rialta le Roundup, d'fhéadfadh tú a bheith nochtaithe fós. Tá daoine atá mar chuid den slabhra soláthair i dtáirgeadh nó i bhfeidhm Roundup i mbaol an táirge seo a inghlaim. Má tá cónaí ort in aice le feirm nó le háis d'fhás, is féidir go mbeadh tú nochtaithe freisin. Fiú má tá tú ina thomhaltóir a itheann táirge bia a ndearnadh cóireáil le Roundup, d'fhéadfadh nochtadh a bheith ann. Déantar glifosáit a shintéisiú trí aigéad iminodiacetic, aigéad fosfaróise agus aigéad hidreaclórach a chur le chéile. Cé go ndearnadh an chéad shintéis den cheimiceach seo a chreidiúint do cheimiceoir na hEilvéise Henry Martin sna 1950idí, fuair an ceimiceoir Meiriceánach John Franz glifosáit go neamhspleách sna 1970idí. Bhí Franz ag obair do Monsanto nuair a d'aimsigh sé glifosát, agus thuig sé go tapa a chumas mar dhíghalrú éifeachtach. Oibríonn glifosat mar mharú weed trí inhibition einsím a bhaineann le fás plandaí. Trí bheith ionsú i luibheanna atá ag fás agus ag cur bac ar bhreis fáis, tá sé éifeachtach i marú plandaíochta nach bhfuil ag teastáil. Cé nach bhfuil aon díospóireacht ann faoi cibé an bhfuil Roundup éifeachtach mar mharú weed, tá roinnt imní ann maidir le sábháilteacht Roundup agus glyphosate i gcoitinne. Cé go bhfuil roinnt staidéir agus tuarascálacha ann, mar shampla scaoileadh 2015 ó Eagraíocht Sláinte na Domhain ag liostaíocht Roundup mar carcanaigineach is dócha, ní thacaíonn gach faisnéis ó ghníomhaireachtaí eile leis an éileamh seo. Dúirt an Ghníomhaireacht um Chosaint Comhshaoil (EPA) chomh déanaí le 2020 nach bhfuil aon riosca ag baint le glyphosate do shláinte an duine. Maidir le táirge a úsáidtear go forleathan, tá staidéir réasúnta íosta déanta le haon conclúid, ach is féidir go bhfuil Roundup fós ag cur le lymphoma neamh-Hodgkin. Má tá aon chomharthaí galar ort agus má bhí tú nochtaithe do Roundup, ba cheart duit treoir leighis a lorg ó ghairmí. D'fhéadfadh sé a bheith tairbheach freisin níos mó a fhoghlaim faoi do roghanna dlíthiúla i gcás go mbeadh tú i mbaol ag páirtí eile. An gcuireann Roundup Leimfóma Neamh-Hodgkin? Do Roghanna Dlíthiúla a Thuiscint Má bhí tú nochtaithe do glifosáit, trí do chuid oibre, gan a fhios mar thomhaltóir, nó trí aon bheart eile, d'fhéadfadh do shláinte a bheith i mbaol. Cé go bhfuil níos mó staidéir fós le déanamh agus díospóireacht leanúnach ann maidir le cibé an gcuireann Roundup lymphoma neamh-Hodgkin nó nach gcuireann, tugann roinnt staidéir le fios go bhfuil nasc ann. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh fad agus déine nochtadh do Roundup ina fhachtóir rannpháirteach freisin sa dóchúlacht go bhforbrófar ailse. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh do nochtadh mar gheall ar neamhoire a rinne tríú páirtí chun tú a chur ar an eolas faoi éifeachtaí contúirteacha agus a choinneáil ar shiúl ó shubstaintí díobhálacha. I gcásanna áirithe, d'fhéadfadh cás dlí a bheith ag na daoine a bhí nochtaithe do glifosat i gcoinne páirtithe atá freagrach. Má tá suim agat tuilleadh a fhoghlaim faoi do roghanna dlíthiúla, glaoigh ar (800) 794-0444 inniu. Tá ball foirne ag Pintas & Mullins Law Firm ar fáil chun do chás a phlé go mionsonraithe agus chun cabhrú leat a chinneadh an bhfuil tú i dteideal cúiteamh airgeadais.

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. Poorer nations need help from richer nations in these areas to develop their countries. Firstly, in the area of health, poorer nations normally have less doctors and nurses compared to richer nations. High population in poorer countries due to lack of family planning caused the proportion of doctors unbalance to the quantity of resident (hard to follow, rephrase). On top of that, poorer nations are lack of hospitals to fulfill the demand of the patients. To solve these issues, richer nations can contribute by delegating doctors and nurses to these power nations as well as donate money to build hospitals. Secondly, in the area of education, it is generally agreed that poorer countries often lack of teachers in schools as well as lecturers in higher education institutions. Besides that, education for these countries normally is not free so only a certain group of students can afford it. In order to solve the education manpower problem, richer countries can allocate experienced educators to train more teachers and lecturers in poorer countries. Meanwhile, for the issue of education fee, richer countries should offer scholarships and loan to the qualified students. Lastly, in the area of trade, no one can deny that poorer countries are lagging behind richer countries due to shortage of money. Trading are less active in poorer countries may also be caused by incomplete transportation infrastructure (unclear) . For example, residents in rural areas still depend on their own farm for food production. As a token of goodwill, richer nations can provide financial service to poorer countries to encourage trading. The former can also give consultation on setting up a complete and efficient transportation infrastructure to support trading. In conclusion, richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in health, education and trade. Improvements in these areas will create a better life for residents in poorer nations which they can use to grow their homeland. in my opinion, this is a good essay, try to find some synonims for 'poor/rich nations', you use it too many times.

<urn:uuid:977c7abf-9452-41e9-8d37-a485f4b8131f>

CC-MAIN-2015-48

http://www.essayforum.com/writing/richer-nations-help-poorer-health-39038/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398459214.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205419-00078-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Tá feabhsuithe san tsláinte, san oideachas agus sa trádáil ríthábhachtach d'fhorbairt na náisiún níos boichte. Tá gá le cúnamh ó náisiúin níos saibhre sna ceantair seo chun a dtíortha a fhorbairt. Ar an gcéad dul síos, i réimse na sláinte, is gnách go mbíonn níos lú soláthair ag na tíortha is bochta dochtúirí agus altraí i gcomparáid le náisiúin níos saibhre. Mar gheall ar líon ard daonra sna tíortha níos boichte mar gheall ar easpa pleanála teaghlaigh, bhí an neamhchothromaíocht idir an céatadán dochtúirí agus an méid cónaitheoirí (deacair a leanúint, athfhocail). Ar a bharr sin, níl na hoispidéil ag na náisiúin níos boichte chun éileamh na n-othair a chomhlíonadh. Chun na saincheisteanna seo a réiteach, is féidir le náisiúin níos saibhre cur leis trí dhochtúirí agus altraí a tharchur chuig na náisiúin chumhachtacha seo chomh maith le airgead a bhronnadh chun ospidéil a thógáil. Ar an dara dul síos, i réimse an oideachais, is é an comhaontú ginearálta go mbíonn easpa múinteoirí sna scoileanna agus i gcainteoirí sna hinstitiúidí ardoideachais i dtíortha níos boichte go minic. Ina theannta sin, ní bhíonn oideachas do na tíortha seo saor in aisce de ghnáth agus mar sin ní bhíonn ach Is féidir le grúpa áirithe mac léinn é a íoc. Chun an fhadhb a bhaineann le maoine daonna san oideachas a réiteach, is féidir le tíortha níos saibhre oideachasóirí a bhfuil taithí acu a leithdháileadh chun níos mó múinteoirí agus léachtóirí a oiliúint i dtíortha níos boichte. Idir an dá linn, maidir le héileamh ar chostas oideachais, ba cheart do thíortha níos saibhre scoláireachtaí agus iasachtaí a thairiscint do na mic léinn cáilithe. Ar deireadh, i réimse na trádála, ní féidir le duine ar bith a shéanadh go bhfuil na tíortha níos boichte ag dul ar chúl na dtíortha níos saibhre mar gheall ar easpa airgid. Is féidir go bhfuil an trádáil níos lú gníomhach i dtíortha níos boichte mar gheall ar bhonneagar iompair neamhiomlán (níl soiléir) . . go deo . Mar shampla, tá cónaitheoirí i gceantair thuaithe ag brath ar a bhfeirm féin chun bia a tháirgeadh. Mar chomhartha dea-thoil, is féidir le náisiúin níos saibhre seirbhísí airgeadais a chur ar fáil do thíortha níos boichte chun trádáil a spreagadh. Is féidir leis an gcéad cheann comhairle a thabhairt freisin maidir le bonneagar iompair iomlán agus éifeachtúil a chur ar bun chun tacú le trádáil. I ndeireadh na dála, ba cheart do na tíortha is saibhre freagracht níos mó a ghlacadh chun na tíortha is boichte a chabhrú i sláinte, oideachas agus trádáil. Cruthaíonn feabhsuithe sna réimsí seo saol níos fearr do chónaitheoirí i náisiúin níos boichte ar féidir leo a úsáid chun a dtír dhúchais a fhás. i mo thuairim, is aiste maith é seo, déan iarracht roinnt comhchiallacha a fháil le haghaidh 'náisiúin bochta / saibhre', úsáideann tú é ró-mhéad uair.

Bluetooth is a protocol for wireless communication. Devices such as mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras and video game consoles can connect to each other, and exchange information. This is done using radio waves. It can be done securely. Originally, Bluetooth was developed to reduce the number of cables needed to connect such devices to a PC. Bluetooth is only used for relatively short distances, like a few metres. There are different standards. Data rates vary. Currently, they are at 1-3 MBit per second. Typical Bluetooth applications are to connect a headset to a mobile phone, or to connect a computer mouse, keyboard or printer. Bluetooth devices use the ISM Band around 2.4 GHz. This can be used worldwide, without the need to pay license fees, but many other devices, like DECT telephones (wireless phones), smart tags with RFID, baby phones use it too. Bluetooth uses the same bands as some WLANs, but the modulation technique is different. Bluetooth uses Frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Comparing Bluetooth to Wireless LAN[change | change source] There are many situations today where either Bluetooth or Wireless LANs can be used. Examples include setting up networks, printing or transferring files and data from a PDA to a computer. Both are versions of unlicensed wireless technology. WLANs can span bigger distances and offer higher throughput. Bluetooth does not require expensive hardware. It also needs less power to operate. Both use the same radio frequency range, but their modulation techniques are different. Both have been developed to replace cabling. Bluetooth wanted to get rid of the peripheral equipment cables, WLANs wanted to get rid of the cables needed to set up a LAN. Bluetooth devices[change | change source] Bluetooth exists in many products, such as telephones, the Wii or PlayStation 3. It has recently been built into some electronic watches, modems and headsets. The technology is useful when transferring information between two or more devices that are near each other in low-bandwidth situations. Bluetooth is commonly used to transfer sound data with telephones (i.e. with a Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand-held computers (transferring files). Bluetooth uses protocols that make it easy to discover devices that are nearby, and to set up a connection between these devices. Bluetooth devices can advertise all the services they offer. Using services becomes easier; a lot of the setup related to security, networking or permissions is automatic. Wireless LAN[change | change source] WLANs are more like traditional LANs. More configuration is needed to set up the network, and to make resources accessible by other devices in the network. WLAN devices also consume more power than Bluetooth ones. Sometimes WLANs are called wireless Ethernet. WLAN needs more resources to be set up, but it also offers faster transfer speeds. The security is also better than that offered by Bluetooth.

<urn:uuid:29a0b6a8-78e1-4d65-befc-8436bcc7b8e0>

CC-MAIN-2015-48

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398455246.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205415-00144-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Is prótacal é Bluetooth le haghaidh cumarsáide gan sreang. Is féidir le feistí amhail fóin phóca, ríomhairí glúine, ríomhairí pearsanta, printéirí, ceamaraí digiteacha agus consolaí cluiche físeán nascadh lena chéile, agus faisnéis a mhalartú. Déantar é seo trí thonntaí raidió a úsáid. Is féidir é a dhéanamh go sábháilte. Ar dtús, forbraíodh Bluetooth chun líon na gcáblaí a theastaíonn chun na feistí sin a nascadh le ríomhaire a laghdú. Ní úsáidtear Bluetooth ach ar achar réasúnta gearr, cosúil le cúpla méadar. Tá caighdeáin éagsúla ann. Athraíonn rátaí sonraí. Faoi láthair, tá siad ag 1-3 MBit sa dara. Is iad na feidhmchláir is coitianta le Bluetooth ná headset a nascadh le fón póca, nó luch ríomhaire, méarchlár nó printéir a nascadh. Baineann feistí Bluetooth úsáid as an mBand ISM timpeall 2.4 GHz. Is féidir é seo a úsáid ar fud an domhain, gan aon táillí ceadúnais a íoc, ach úsáideann go leor feistí eile é, cosúil le fóin DECT (fónanna gan sreang), lipéid chliste le RFID, fóin leanaí. Baineann Bluetooth úsáid as na bannaí céanna le roinnt WLANanna, ach tá an teicníc modúlaithe difriúil. Baineann Bluetooth úsáid as speictream scaipeadh scaipeadh minicíochta. Bluetooth a chur i gcomparáid le LAN gan sreang Tá go leor cásanna ann inniu inar féidir Bluetooth nó LANanna gan sreang a úsáid. I measc na samplaí tá líonraí a chur ar bun, comhaid agus sonraí a phriontáil nó a aistriú ó PDA go ríomhaire. Is leaganacha den dá theicneolaíocht gan cheadúnas gan sreang iad. Is féidir le WLANanna achar níos faide a shíneadh agus throughput níos airde a thairiscint. Ní gá crua-earraí costasacha a bheith ag Bluetooth. Éilíonn sé níos lú cumhachta freisin chun oibriú. Úsáideann an dá raon sreangrádaí raidió céanna, ach tá a dteicneolaíochtaí modúlaithe difriúil. Forbraíodh an dá cheann chun cáblaíocht a athsholáthar. Bhí Bluetooth ag iarraidh fáil réidh leis na cáblaí trealaimh imeallach, bhí WLANanna ag iarraidh fáil réidh leis na cáblaí a theastaíonn chun LAN a chur ar bun. Feistí Bluetooth[athrú athrú foinse] Tá Bluetooth i go leor táirgí, mar shampla teileafóin, an Wii nó PlayStation 3. Le déanaí, tá sé curtha i roinnt uaireadóirí leictreonacha, modems agus cluasáin. Tá an teicneolaíocht úsáideach nuair a aistrítear faisnéis idir dhá ghléas nó níos mó atá gar dá chéile i gcásanna ina bhfuil bandaleithead íseal. Úsáidtear Bluetooth go coitianta chun sonraí fuaime a aistriú le teileafóin (i.e. Is féidir leis an gcumas a bheith ag baint le sonraí a aistriú ó ríomhaire glúine (le headset Bluetooth) nó sonraí baite le ríomhairí láimhe (faillí a aistriú). Baineann Bluetooth úsáid as prótacail a fhágann go bhfuil sé éasca feistí atá in aice láimhe a aimsiú, agus nasc a chur ar bun idir na feistí seo. Is féidir le feistí Bluetooth fógra a thabhairt do na seirbhísí go léir a thairgeann siad. Tá sé níos éasca seirbhísí a úsáid; tá go leor de na socruithe a bhaineann le slándáil, líonraíocht nó ceadanna uathoibríoch. LAN gan sreang[athrú edit source] Tá WLANanna níos mó cosúil le LANanna traidisiúnta. Tá gá le níos mó cumraíochta chun an líonra a chur ar bun, agus chun acmhainní a chur ar fáil ag feistí eile sa líonra. Tá feistí WLAN ag caitheamh níos mó cumhachta ná feistí Bluetooth. Uaireanta tugtar Ethernet gan sreang ar WLANanna. Ní mór níos mó acmhainní a chur ar bun le WLAN, ach cuireann sé luasanna aistrithe níos tapúla ar fáil freisin. Tá an slándáil níos fearr freisin ná an méid a thairgeann Bluetooth.

The OSMOS technology is ideal monitoring tool to respond to emergency structural conditions. Structures can be quickly equipped with the OSMOS sensors to monitor the structure which has been damaged. What Emergency situations can be monitored? - Has your structure been damaged from accidental collision? Has a bridge in your municipality been hit by a truck? Has it been damaged? You wonder if the strength of the bridge has been compromised? Should you close the bridge and add 10 kilometers of driving distance for the public. - Has your building suffered a structural collapse? Is the rest of your building safe? - Has there been a fire in your building? How do you know that the extreme heat has not affected the concrete or steel beams and columns that hold up all the floor above it? - Are there cracks in your parking garage that did not exist last week or last month? Are these cracks growing? Should you evacuate the parking garage? - There is a major construction project next to your historic building and because of an accident the earth next your foundation has collapsed. Is this going to increase the risk of your building being damaged? Should you be concerned for the safety of the people living in your building? All of the above emergency situations can be monitored by the OSMOS equipment until repairs are completed. This gives you the peace of mind that your structure and the people that are affected are safe. Structural Monitoring will give you an accurate picture if there has been any damage and provide the early warning if the structure is undergoing extreme stress situations as a result of the emergency condition. Parking Structure collapse resulting from ground subsidence. Monitoring predicted collapse before anyone was injured.

<urn:uuid:937c16c4-09c6-44d9-a430-12c47da39460>

CC-MAIN-2018-47

http://www.struct-sure.ca/Emergency-Monitoring.htm

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742117.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20181114150002-20181114172002-00063.warc.gz

en

Is uirlis mhaoirseachta idéalach í teicneolaíocht OSMOS chun freagairt do dhálaí struchtúracha éigeandála. Is féidir na braiteoirí OSMOS a chur ar bun go tapa chun monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar an struchtúr a ndearnadh damáiste dó. Cad iad na cásanna éigeandála is féidir a rianú? - An ndearnadh damáiste do do struchtúr ó thitim thorthaí? An ndearna trucail bualadh ar droichead i do bhardas? An bhfuil sé damáiste? N'fheadar an bhfuil neart an droichid curtha i gcontúirt? Ba chóir duit an droichead a dhúnadh agus 10 ciliméadar de thuras tiomána a chur leis don phobal. - An bhfuil do fhoirgneamh ag fulaingt titim struchtúrach? An bhfuil an chuid eile de do fhoirgneamh sábháilte? - An raibh tine i do fhoirgneamh? Conas a fhios agat nach bhfuil tionchar ag an teas mór ar na troscáin agus na colúin chioncréite nó cruach a sheasann an urlár ar fad os a chionn? - An bhfuil cracks i do garais páirceála nach raibh ann an tseachtain seo caite nó an mhí seo caite? An bhfuil na cracks ag fás? Ar chóir duit an garáiste páirceála a ghlanadh? - Tá tionscadal tógála mór in aice le do fhoirgneamh stairiúil agus mar gheall ar thimpiste thit an talamh in aice le do bhunús. An méadóidh sé seo an baol go ndéanfar damáiste do do fhoirgneamh? An chóir duit a bheith buartha faoi shábháilteacht na ndaoine a chónaíonn i do theach? Is féidir le trealamh OSMOS monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar na cásanna éigeandála thuasluaite go léir go dtí go mbeidh na deisiúcháin críochnaithe. Tugann sé seo an tsíocháin intinne duit go bhfuil do struchtúr agus na daoine a bhfuil tionchar acu orthu sábháilte. Tabharfaidh Monatóireacht Struchtúrach pictiúr cruinn duit má tharla aon damáiste agus tabharfaidh sé rabhadh luath má tá an struchtúr faoi staid strus mhór mar thoradh ar an staid éigeandála. Crith struchtúr páirceála mar thoradh ar thrasnú talún. Réamhaisnéis monatóireachta titim roimh aon duine a bhí gortaithe.

SOME Democrats blamed identity politics for Hillary Clinton’s defeat in 2016. Mark Lilla, a historian from Columbia University, suggested in the New York Times that Democratic identity politics “encouraged white, rural, religious Americans to think of themselves as a disadvantaged group.” But new research suggests that identity politics is not a phenomenon primarily connected to the Democratic Party. Social and cultural identity is more closely tied to partisan support among Republicans. Republicans and Democrats have become increasingly polarised in terms of their racial, religious and ideological makeup. Blacks, Hispanics and the non-religious have sorted into the Democratic Party, while whites, evangelical Christians, and conservatives have tended to join the Republican Party. Between 1992 and 2016 the percentage of white men registered to vote who identified as Republican rose from 48% to 61% and the share of those who were registered Democrat fell from 44% to 31%, according to the Pew Research Centre. Lilliana Mason of the University of Maryland and Julie Wronski of the University of Mississippi found that a white, Christian Republican is much more attached to his party than one who doesn’t have these features. A supporter of the more racially and culturally diverse Democratic Party, meanwhile, is more open to different religious or racial members than are supporters of the Republican Party. The link between particular religious or racial markers and intensity of support for the Democratic Party is also weaker. “Put plainly, there exist no black, atheist, liberal Republicans, nor many white, Christian, conservative Democrats who feel close to their groups and identify weakly with their party,” write Ms Mason and Ms Wronski. “Still, Democrats appear to navigate cross-cutting identities within their party more frequently than Republicans.” The emergence of a belief among Republicans that white Christians are a forgotten, oppressed group has been one result. A survey by the Public Religion Research Institute in February last year found that, among supporters of the Republican party, 43% felt there was a lot of discrimination against whites and 48% thought there was a lot of discrimination against Christians. Only 27% thought there was a lot of discrimination against blacks. (Among Democrats the percentages were 19%, 21% and 82%). Republican partisans’ views of who is more discriminated against are belied by the evidence. Just as people tend to judge their economic wellbeing based on recent change rather than an absolute level, white males’ sense of persecution may be based on (somewhat) diminishing privilege. But an analysis of field experiments covering hiring discrimination published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that in experiments run since 1990 white job applicants received, on average, 36% more call-backs than black applicants and 24% more call-backs than Latino applicants with identical résumés. While there was a trend over that period towards less discrimination against Latinos, there was no significant change in discrimination against blacks over 25 years. There is similar evidence of resilient discrimination against women in America’s workforce. It may be that Democrats pointing out discrimination against minorities was one factor encouraging a Republican electorate that increasingly identifies as white, Christian and male to conjure up the idea of widespread discrimination against white Christian men. But until the Republicans return to ideological politics over identity politics, it is not obvious what to do about that problem. Simply ignoring America’s ongoing struggle with racism, sexism and nativism is an inadequate response.

<urn:uuid:62db3930-1104-47d8-81d1-f47da62d2854>

CC-MAIN-2021-39

https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2018/03/22/how-republicans-embraced-identity-politics

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057119.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20210920221430-20210921011430-00076.warc.gz

en

D'ÉIGH cuid de na Daonlathaithe polaitíocht féiniúlachta mar chúis le caillteanas Hillary Clinton in 2016. Mark Lilla, staire ó Ollscoil Columbia, mhol sé sa New York Times go bhfuil polaitíocht féiniúlachta Daonlathach ag spreagadh Meiriceánaigh bána, tuaithe, creidimh iad féin a mheas mar ghrúpa faoi mhíbhuntáiste. Ach léiríonn taighde nua nach feiniméan atá nasctha go príomha leis an bPáirtí Daonlathach é polaitíocht féiniúlachta. Tá idintiteas sóisialta agus cultúrtha nasctha níos dlúithe le tacaíocht pháirtí i measc na Poblachtánaigh. Tá Poblachtánaigh agus Daonlathaigh tar éis a bheith níos mó polaraithe i dtéarmaí a gcuid makeup ciníoch, reiligiúnach agus idé-eolaíoch. Tá na blacks, Hispanics agus na neamh-reiligiúnacha a ordú isteach sa Párt Daonlathach, agus na bán, Críostaithe soiscéalacha, agus coimeádach tá claonadh a bheith páirteach sa Párt Poblachtach. Idir 1992 agus 2016 d'ardaigh céatadán na bhfear bán a chláraigh chun vótáil a shainaithin mar Phoblachtánach ó 48% go 61% agus thit sciar na ndaoine a bhí cláraithe mar Dhaonlathach ó 44% go 31%, de réir an Ionaid Taighde Pew. Fuair Lilliana Mason ó Ollscoil Maryland agus Julie Wronski ó Ollscoil Mississippi go bhfuil Poblachtach bán, Críostaí i bhfad níos ceangailte lena pháirtí ná duine nach bhfuil na gnéithe seo aige. Tá lucht tacaíochta na Páirtí Daonlathach, atá níos éagsúla ó thaobh ciníoch agus cultúrtha de, níos oscailte do bhaill reiligiúnacha nó ciníocha éagsúla ná lucht tacaíochta na Páirtí Poblachtach. Tá an nasc idir marcóirí reiligiúnacha nó ciníocha ar leith agus déine na tacaíochta don Pháirtí Daonlathach níos laige freisin. "Go simplí, níl aon Phoblachtánaigh liobrálacha, neamh-atheist, dubh, ná go leor Daonlathaithe caomhnaitheacha, Críostaí, bán a bhraitheann gar dá ngrúpaí agus a aithníonn go lag lena bpáirtí", a scríobh an tUasal Mason agus an tUasal Wronski. Féach, is cosúil go ndéanann Daonlathaithe na hinniúlachtaí tras-réasúnta a nascadh laistigh dá bpáirtí níos minice ná Poblachtánaigh. Tá an teacht chun cinn ar chreideamh i measc Poblachtánaigh go bhfuil Críostaithe bán mar bhuidheann dearmadta, faoi chois. Fuair suirbhé a rinne Institiúid Taighde an Chríochais Phoiblí i mí Feabhra an bhliain seo caite gur bhraith 43% de lucht tacaíochta an pháirtí Phoblachtáin go raibh go leor idirdhealaithe ann i gcoinne na n-aibhneacha agus 48% a cheap go raibh go leor idirdhealaithe ann i gcoinne na Críostaithe. Ní raibh ach 27% den lucht féachana ag smaoineamh go raibh go leor idirdhealaithe i gcoinne na ndúchasaigh. (I measc na nDaonlathaithe bhí na céatadáin 19%, 21% agus 82%). Tá na fianaise ag cur i gcoinne tuairimí na bpáirtithe Poblachtach faoi cé atá níos idirdhealaithe. Díreach mar a bhíonn claonadh ag daoine a gcuid folláine eacnamaíoch a mheas bunaithe ar athrú le déanaí seachas ar leibhéal iomlán, d'fhéadfadh tuiscint na bhfear bán ar iompú a bheith bunaithe ar phribhléidí (go pointe éigin) ag laghdú. Ach fuair anailís ar thaithí réimse a chlúdaíonn idirdhealú fostaíochta a foilsíodh i Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences gur iarradh 36% níos mó glaonna ar iarrthóirí poist bán, ar an meán, ná iarrthóirí dubh agus 24% níos mó glaonna ar iarrthóirí Laidineach le cur síos comhionann. Cé go raibh treocht ann le linn na tréimhse sin i dtreo níos lú idirdhealaithe i gcoinne Latinos, ní raibh aon athrú suntasach ar idirdhealú i gcoinne dubha thar 25 bliain. Tá fianaise den chineál céanna ann maidir le hidirdhealú atá inbhuanaithe i gcoinne na mban i bhfórsa oibre na Meiriceánach. B'fhéidir go raibh na Daonlathaithe ag tabhairt le míchompord ar mhionlaigh mar fhachtóir amháin a spreag toghthóirí Poblachtach a shainaithníonn níos mó agus níos mó mar bán, Críostaí agus fireann chun an smaoineamh ar idirdhealú forleathan i gcoinne fir Chríostaí bán a chur i láthair. Ach go dtí go dtiocfaidh na Poblachtánaigh ar ais go polaitíocht idé-eolaíoch thar polaitíocht féiniúlachta, níl sé soiléir cad atá le déanamh faoin bhfadhb sin. Is freagra neamhréireach é neamhaird a dhéanamh ar streachailt leanúnach Mheiriceá le ciníochas, gnéasacht agus nativism.

The peptide SecM exists solely to stall the ribosome synthesizing it. SecM has an intrinsic stalling capability. Stalling of the ribosome synthesizing SecM provides time for a downstream RNA helix on the same mRNA strand to unwind. Unwinding of this helix then allows for a new ribosome to bind and synthesize a new protein, SecA, a bacterial ATP-driven translocase that aids the passage of nascent proteins across membranes in conjunction with SecY (see also our translocon research page). When sufficient levels of SecA have been reached, SecA interacts with the SecM-stalled ribosome to pull on SecM, freeing it and allowing translation to resume (illustrated schematically in the figure below). SecM, which serves no other purpose than to stall the ribosome, is released into the cell and degraded. Much of what is known about SecM stalling comes from biochemical experiments, in which every amino acid in SecM’s sequence has been mutated and the resulting effects measured. These experiments revealed few residues as critical, although one stands out in every species as invariable: arginine 163 (R163, see the figure). However, until recently, little was known about the precise mechanisms at work. A cryo-EM map of a SecM-stalled ribosome revealed a shifted linkage in the PTC between the P-site tRNA and the SecM peptide. Although the shift was only 0.2 nm, it was hypothesized to be sufficient to inhibit peptide-bond formation, preventing synthesis of the remainder of SecM. In order to elucidate precisely how SecM stalls the ribosome, we first applied MDFF to the cryo-EM map of the SecM-stalled ribosome to develop an atomic model of the complex. Next, we carried out extensive simulations of this wild-type model along with mutants of both the ribosome and SecM known to disrupt stalling. We discovered a putative communication pathway between the critical R163 and the PTC that causes the observed shifted linkage; the pathway is shown schematically in the figure. Finally, through steered MD simulations in which we pulled on the N-terminal end of SecM outside the ribosome, we determined that the pulling action of SecA can break the crucial interactions identified in our previous simulations and, thus, alleviate stalling. (left) Structure of the SecM-stalled ribosome determined with MDFF. SecA is shown for visualization purposes only. (middle) Atomic-scale view of SecM in the ribosome’s exit tunnel, near the PTC at the top. Residues involved in ribosome-SecM interactions are labeled. (right) Schematic of the communication pathway connecting SecM to the ribosome’s PTC. The ribosome is a large molecular machine, consisting of rRNA and proteins, that is responsible for protein synthesis in all cells. During protein synthesis, the genetic information in mRNA is decoded into a sequence of amino acids and these amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds, one at a time. Both the recognition and linking of amino acids occur in the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), while the nascent peptide exits the ribosome through the protein exit tunnel (PET). Since there are significant structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes, the ribosome makes an excellent target for antibiotics, which can kill harmful bacteria without harming the host eukaryotic cells. One class of antibiotics that targets the bacterial ribosome is macrolides and macrolide derivatives. Their general structure is a 14-, 15- or 16-atom cyclic lactone ring with attached sugars, peptides or other functional groups . Macrolides operate by binding to the ribosome in the PET and block the exit of the nascent peptide. The blockage prevents continued synthesis once the nascent peptide reaches the macrolide and the unfinished peptide dissociates from the ribosome. Unfortunately, due to the extensive use of macrolides, several strains of bacteria have become resistant to them. According to experimental studies, exchange or methylation of specific rRNA residues in the ribosome induces resistance to some or all macrolides. We use molecular simulations to understand how specific rRNA mutations result in macrolide resistance and to facilitate the development of compunds that can overcome this resistance. - Mechanisms of SecM-mediated stalling in the ribosome. James Gumbart , Eduard Schreiner, Daniel N. Wilson, Roland Beckmann, and Klaus Schulten. Biophysical Journal, 103:331-341, 2012. - Parametrization of macrolide antibiotics using the force field toolki.t Anna Pavlova, James C. Gumbart J. Comp. Chem. 36:2052-2063, 2015.

<urn:uuid:307e9f5b-2a73-44d2-8b5f-50ef8ae5b673>

CC-MAIN-2016-07

http://simbac.gatech.edu/ribosome/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701167599.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193927-00048-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Níl an peiptíd SecM ann ach chun an ribosóim a shintéiseann é a stad. Tá cumas díghrádaithe intrinsic ag SecM. Soláthraíonn stopadh an ribosóim a shintéiseann SecM am do héilicse RNA thíosshrutha ar an snáithín mRNA céanna a dhíspreagadh. Ag cur an héilic seo ar ceal, ceadaíonn ribosóim nua próitéin nua, SecA, a nascadh agus a shintéisiú, translocase baictéarach ATP-thiomáint a chuidíonn le pas a fháil ar phróitéiní nua thar membráin i gcomhar le SecY (féach freisin ár leathanach taighde translocon). Nuair a shroichtear leibhéil leordhóthanacha SecA, idirghníomhaíonn SecA leis an ribosóim atá ag seasamh SecM chun an SecM a tharraingt, é a scaoileadh agus ligean don aistriúchán leanúint ar aghaidh (leithdhéanta go sceiméadach sa phiogra thíos). Scaoileann SecM, nach bhfuil aon chuspóir eile aige ach an ribosóim a chur ar stailc, isteach sa chill agus a dhíghrádú. Tagann cuid mhór den méid atá ar eolas faoi stadadh SecM ó thrialacha bithcheimiceacha, ina ndearnadh gach aimínaigéad i sraith SecMs a mhúchadh agus na héifeachtaí mar thoradh air a thomhas. Léirigh na turgnaimh seo nach raibh ach cúpla fágtha mar chriticiúil, cé go bhfuil ceann amháin i ngach speiceas mar neamh-athraitheach: arginine 163 (R163, féach an figiúr). Ach, go dtí le déanaí, ní raibh mórán eolais ar na meicníochtaí beacht ag obair. Léirigh léarscáil cryo-EM de ribosóim SecM-stalláilte nasc a aistriú sa PTC idir an tRNA P-áit agus an peiptíd SecM. Cé nach raibh an t-athrú ach 0. 2 nm, bhí hipoteas ann go mbeadh sé leordhóthanach chun foirmiú peptide-bond a chosc, ag cosc a chur ar shintéis an chuid eile de SecM. D'fhonn a shoiléiriú go beacht conas a chuireann SecM an ribosóim i stailc, chuir muid MDFF i bhfeidhm ar dtús ar mhap cryo-EM den ribosóim a chuir SecM i stailc chun samhail adamhach den chastacht a fhorbairt. Ansin, rinneamar samhlacha fairsinge den mhúnla saghas fiáin seo mar aon le mutants den ribosóim agus den SecM a bhfuil a fhios acu go gcuireann siad isteach ar stailc. Fuarthas amach bealaí cumarsáide a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ann idir an R163 criticiúil agus an PTC a chuireann an nasc athraithe a breathnaíodh i gcrích; léirítear an bealaí go sceiméadach sa phiogra. Ar deireadh, trí shamhlacha MD stiúrtha ina ndearna muid tarraingt ar dheireadh N-chríochnaithe SecM lasmuigh den ribosóim, chinn muid gur féidir le gníomh tarraingthe SecA na hidirghníomhaíochtaí ríthábhachtacha a aithníodh inár samhlacha roimhe seo a bhriseadh agus, dá bhrí sin, stailceáil a mhaolú. (ar chlé) Struchtúr an ribosóim a bhfuil séasúr SecM-stailcithe air a chinntear le MDFF. Ní thaispeántar SecA ach chun críocha amharcála. (meán) Léargas ar scála adamhach ar SecM sa thineal imeachta ribosóim, in aice leis an PTC ag an mbarr. Tá lipéadú déanta ar iarsmaí a bhfuil baint acu le hidirghníomhaíochtaí ribosóim-SecM. (ar dheis) Sceimic den bhealach cumarsáide a nascann SecM leis an PTC ribosóim. Is meaisín móilíneach mór é an ribosóim, ina bhfuil rRNA agus próitéiní, atá freagrach as sintéis próitéine i ngach cealla. Le linn sintéis próitéine, déantar an fhaisnéis ghéiniteach i mRNA a dhíchódú i sraith aimínaigéid agus na aimínaigéid seo a nascadh le chéile le bannaí peiptíde, ceann ag an am. Tarlaíonn aitheantas agus nascáil aimínaigéid sa lár peptidyl-tarchurtha (PTC), agus téann an peptide nua-aimseartha amach as an ribosóim tríd an t-inneal imeachta próitéine (PET). Ós rud é go bhfuil difríochtaí suntasacha struchtúracha idir ribosóimí eucaróití agus prócaróití, is sprioc den scoth é an ribosóim do antaibheathaigh, ar féidir leo baictéir díobhálacha a mharú gan dochar a dhéanamh do na cealla eucaróití óstach. Is iad macraolaidí agus díorthaigh macraolaidí aicme amháin d'ionfhabhtuithe a dhíreoidh ar ribosóim na baictéire. Is é an struchtúr ginearálta atá acu ná fáinne lactone ciorclach 14-, 15 nó 16 atóim le siúcraí, peiptídí nó grúpaí feidhmiúla eile ceangailte. Oibríonn macrolides trí cheangal leis an ribosóim sa PET agus bac a chur ar imeacht an peiptíde atá ag teacht chun cinn. Cuireann an blocáil cosc ar shintéis leanúnach nuair a shroicheann an peiptíd atá ag teacht chun cinn an macraolaid agus an peiptíd neamhchríochnaithe a dhíscaoileadh ón ribosóim. Ar an drochuair, mar gheall ar úsáid mhór macraolaidí, tá roinnt strains baictéir ag éirí frithsheasmhach leo. De réir staidéir thrialacha, cuireann malartacht ar roinnt nó ar na macraolaidí go léir le malartacht ar mhalartacht nó ar mheitiliú iarmhar rRNA sonracha sa ribosóim. Bainimid úsáid as samhlacha móilíneacha chun tuiscint a fháil ar an gcaoi a mbíonn mutations sonracha rRNA ina thoradh ar fhrithsheasmhacht macraolaidí agus chun forbairt comhdhúile a éascú ar féidir leo an fhrithsheasmhacht seo a shárú. - Meicníochtaí stailce SecM- idirghabhálaithe sa ribosóim. James Gumbart , Eduard Schreiner, Daniel N. Wilson, Roland Beckmann, agus Klaus Schulten. Iris Bithfhisiceach, 103:331-341, 2012. - Parameterisation of macrolide antibiotics using the force field toolki.t Anna Pavlova, James C. Gumbart J. Comp. Ceimic. 36:2052-2063, 2015.

Tilbury, town and port in Thurrock Borough, Essex, eastern England. It is situated about 35 km (22 mi) east of London on the north bank of the River Thames. A monastery was established at Tilbury by the Northumbrian bishop St Cedd (Cedda) in the middle of the 7th century. The settlement is mentioned in the Domesday book as Tilaburg, which means «Tila's fortified place». Since the 15th century Tilbury has been a ferry point for passengers crossing the Thames to Gravesend in Kent. In the 16th century Henry VIII built a fort at Tilbury to guard the Thames estuary. In 1588, when the Spanish Armada was threatening England, Elizabeth I famously addressed the royal troops assembled at Tilbury. The docks for which Tilbury is famous were built between 1884 and 1886. In the 1960s Tilbury docks became a containerized port and the Port of London's principal container centre, causing a decline in the Docklands of London.

<urn:uuid:b4c754a0-a838-4ba0-b538-635471f474c0>

CC-MAIN-2018-47

http://cruisediscover.com/port-of-call/cruise-to-tilbury

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039746171.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119233342-20181120015342-00301.warc.gz

en

Tilbury, baile agus calafort i mBór Thurrock, Essex, oirthear Shasana. Tá sé suite thart ar 35 km (22 míle) soir ó Londain ar bhruach thuaidh Abhainn Thames. Bunaíodh manach sa Tilbury ag an easpag Northumbrian Naomh Cedd (Cedda) i lár an 7ú haois. Tá an lonnaíocht luaite sa leabhar Domesday mar Tilaburg, rud a chiallaíonn áit daingne . Ón 15ú haois, bhí Tilbury ina phointe farantóireachta do phaisinéirí ag trasnú na Téimeas go Gravesend i Kent. Sa 16ú haois thóg Henry VIII daingne ag Tilbury chun an t-eastáit Thames a chosaint. Sa bhliain 1588, nuair a bhí an Armada Spáinnis ag bagairt ar Shasana, thug Elizabeth I aghaidh ar na trúpaí ríoga a bhí cruinnithe ag Tilbury. Tógadh na calafoirt a bhfuil Tilbury cáiliúil dóibh idir 1884 agus 1886. Sna 1960idí, tháinig calafoirt Tilbury ina calafort coimeádáin agus ina phríomh-ionad coimeádáin Phort Londain, rud a d'fhág go raibh laghdú ar Docklands Londain.

Online education is becoming a legitimate and viable option for education systems around the country. Both colleges and secondary schools are offering classes to students. In fact many states and schools are requiring students to take some method of mode of online learning. New York made major changes around seat time and face-to-face contact between student and teacher. The state's intentions are good. They want to move away the focus from seat time, and they want to offer courses that might be hard to offer in certain areas of the state to all students. With all these innovative systemic changes, one might think we are completely on the right track. I offer a word of caution. Online education is in danger of replicating a system that isn't working. Yes, I wrote it. With all the potential for innovation that online education has to offer, we have fallen into the pitfall of replication. The keyword is "danger." There is much that online education can do to innovate the education system, and much that has already been done as a result. Yet most of the actual courses and pedagogical structures that are in place are simply replicating the traditional style of education. What's the biggest positive effect of online education? It is causing schools to reevaluate and seek to answer the question: "Why do students need and want to go our schools?" In addition, online education is focusing on the learning, not time, a movement toward competency-based pathways, especially those championed by iNACOL, and moving conversations about student achievement in the right direction. Teaching and learning can be tailored to the specific student. Students complete work at their own pace and seek feedback and instruction as they need, rather than when the teacher decides. Students are immersed in a variety of technology tools and media, allowing for different ways to learn content. With all these positive implications and results, what is missing? The pedagogical structures for most online courses is traditional and does not meet the needs of all students and the variety of learning styles that they come with. Although there might be a variety of media types, such as videos or music or reading, the lesson design is still in the "sage on the stage" mode, where the course knows the content and pushes it out on students. Although students might be asked to show what they know in different modalities, from a collage to a podcast, they mimic low-level performances of regurgitating knowledge for the teacher to assess. Grading practices are often poor, with arbitrary point values being given, rather than focus on the standards. Well-designed rubrics are not present for students, and if they are, the students are left to their devices to understand it. Revision mimics a typical essay from school, where only one draft is required. Although there might be discussion boards or other social media to collaborate, collaborative assessments and work are not present to create a true need to collaborate. Discussions boards, for example, are treated as a summative assessment, points in the grade book. Shouldn't it instead be used for the purpose is was created? It should be a place where collaboration and wrestling with rigorous questions can occur, not a punitive measure to "cattle prod" students into doing work. Courses are often not culturally responsive, nor are teachers trained in culturally responsive teaching and what it looks like online. The good news is that there are some innovators out that are truly looking at online education to implement proven pedagogical practices that seek to engage students. Some schools are using project-based learning as their focus to create a need to know the online content and demand that students innovate and collaborate together, whether fully online or in a hybrid model. Game-based learning courses are starting to be developed where students engage in missions to learn important content and skills where timely feedback and incentives are the norm. Some online courses are completely standards-based, where students are graded on learning targets, not simply time and work. What should you take away from this? We can do better. Parents should be asking tough questions around these concerns when they consider signing up their student for online classes. Course providers should be trying new and innovative practices and consider culture in the course design. Teachers need to trained in these new pedagogical methods, so that professional resources includes not only strategies and tools for teaching online, but a push toward an innovative art of teaching. All stakeholders should be actively involved in collaborating on courses with the content developers and push back when they see "the same old thing." Our students deserve the best possible education, not simply a replication of a system that has not served all our students.

<urn:uuid:1bfd95f9-25a3-470c-b544-b6f253d4e21f>

CC-MAIN-2021-39

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/online-education_b_921666

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053918.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916234514-20210917024514-00711.warc.gz

en

Tá oideachas ar líne ag éirí ina rogha dlisteanach agus inmharthana do chórais oideachais ar fud na tíre. Tá ranganna á gcur ar fáil ag coláistí agus ar mheánscoileanna araon do mhic léinn. Go deimhin, tá go leor stáit agus scoileanna ag iarraidh ar dhaltaí modh éigin foghlama ar líne a ghlacadh. Rinne Nua-Eabhrac athruithe móra maidir le ham suí agus teagmháil aghaidh le duine idir mac léinn agus múinteoir. Tá intinn mhaith ag an stát. Ba mhaith leo an fócas a aistriú ó am suíochán, agus ba mhaith leo cúrsaí a thairiscint a d'fhéadfadh a bheith deacair a thairiscint i gceantair áirithe den stát do gach mac léinn. Leis na hathruithe nua-aimseartha córais seo go léir, d'fhéadfadh duine a cheapadh go bhfuilimid ar an mbóthar ceart go hiomlán. Tairgeann mé focal a bheith cúramach. Tá oideachas ar líne i mbaol córas nach bhfuil ag obair a athdhéanamh. Sea, scríobh mé é. Leis an acmhainn nuálaíochta atá ag oideachas ar líne, tá muid tar éis titim isteach sa chion de na haislí. Is é an eochairfhocal "peigse". Tá go leor ann a d'fhéadfadh oideachas ar líne a dhéanamh chun an córas oideachais a nuálaíocht, agus tá go leor déanta cheana mar thoradh air sin. Ach tá an chuid is mó de na cúrsaí agus na struchtúir theagaisc atá i bhfeidhm ag déanamh ach an stíl oideachais thraidisiúnta a athdhéanamh. Cad é an éifeacht dhearfach is mó atá ag oideachas ar líne? Tá sé ag cur ar scoileanna athmheasúnú a dhéanamh agus iarracht a dhéanamh freagra a thabhairt ar an gceist: "Cén fáth a bhfuil gá ag mic léinn agus a bhfuil siad ag iarraidh dul chuig ár scoileanna?" Ina theannta sin, tá oideachas ar líne ag díriú ar an bhfoghlaim, ní ar an am, gluaiseacht i dtreo cosáin atá bunaithe ar inniúlacht, go háirithe iad siúd a champaíonn iNACOL, agus ag bogadh comhráite faoi bhaint amach mac léinn sa treo ceart. Is féidir teagasc agus foghlaim a chur in oiriúint do mhic léinn ar leith. Críochnaíonn mic léinn obair ina luas féin agus iarrann siad aiseolas agus teagasc de réir mar is gá dóibh, seachas nuair a shocraíonn an múinteoir. Tá na mic léinn faoi thalamh i réimse uirlisí agus meáin teicneolaíochta, rud a cheadaíonn bealaí éagsúla chun ábhar a fhoghlaim. Le na himpleachtaí agus na torthaí dearfacha seo go léir, cad atá ag teip? Tá struchtúr oideachais an chuid is mó de chúrsaí ar líne traidisiúnta agus ní fhreastalaíonn sé ar riachtanais gach mac léinn agus ar na stíleanna foghlama éagsúla a thagann leo. Cé go bhféadfadh cineálacha éagsúla meáin a bheith ann, mar shampla físeáin nó ceol nó léamh, tá dearadh na ceachtanna fós sa mhodh "saighde ar an stáitse", áit a bhfuil a fhios ag an gcúrsa an t-ábhar agus a bhrú amach ar mhic léinn. Cé go bhféadfaí a iarraidh ar dhaltaí a thaispeáint cad a bhfuil a fhios acu i mhodhanna éagsúla, ó chollais go podchraoladh, déanann siad léiriú ar leibhéal íseal ar eolas a ath-bheathú chun go ndéanfadh an múinteoir measúnú. Is minic a bhíonn cleachtais grádála bochta, agus luachanna pointí eadránacha á thabhairt, seachas díriú ar na caighdeáin. Níl rúibrící dea-dheartha i láthair do mhic léinn, agus má tá, fágtar na mic léinn ar a gcuid feistí é a thuiscint. Déanann athbhreithniú samhail ar aiste tipiciúil ón scoil, áit nach bhfuil ach dréacht amháin ag teastáil. Cé go bhféadfadh fóraim phlé nó meáin shóisialta eile a bheith ann chun comhoibriú, níl measúnuithe comhoibritheacha agus obair i láthair chun fíor-riachtanas comhoibrithe a chruthú. Déileáiltear le boird phlé, mar shampla, mar mheasúnú achoimre, pointí sa leabhar grád. Níor chóir é a úsáid mar a cruthaíodh é? Ba cheart go mbeadh sé ina áit inar féidir comhoibriú agus dul i ngleic le ceisteanna déine a bheith ann, ní beart pionóiseach chun mic léinn a "chomhghairm" chun obair a dhéanamh. Is minic nach mbíonn cúrsaí freagartha ó thaobh an chultúir de, agus ní bhíonn múinteoirí oilte i dtaca le teagasc freagartha ó thaobh an chultúir de agus cad é a fheictear ar líne. Is é an dea-scéal go bhfuil roinnt nuálaithe amuigh ansin atá ag féachaint go fírinneach ar oideachas ar líne chun cleachtais theagagacha cruthaithe a chur i bhfeidhm a dhéanann iarracht mic léinn a mhealladh. Tá roinnt scoileanna ag úsáid foghlaim bunaithe ar thionscadal mar a ndíriú chun an gá a bheith acu eolas a fháil ar an ábhar ar líne agus éileamh a dhéanamh ar dhaltaí nuálaíocht a dhéanamh agus comhoibriú le chéile, cibé acu go hiomlán ar líne nó i múnla hibrideach. Tá cúrsaí foghlama bunaithe ar an gcluiche ag tosú a fhorbairt ina ndéanann mic léinn misean chun ábhar agus scileanna tábhachtacha a fhoghlaim ina bhfuil aiseolas agus dreasachtaí tráthúla mar ghnáthghníomh. Tá roinnt cúrsaí ar líne bunaithe go hiomlán ar chaighdeáin, áit a ndéantar mic léinn a mheas ar spriocanna foghlama, ní hamháin am agus obair. Cad ba cheart duit a thógáil ar shiúl ó seo? Is féidir linn níos fearr a dhéanamh. Ba cheart do thuismitheoirí ceisteanna deacra a chur faoi na hábhair imní seo nuair a mheasann siad clárú a gcuid mac léinn le haghaidh ranganna ar líne. Ba cheart do sholáthraithe cúrsa cleachtais nua agus nuálacha a thriail agus cultúr a chur san áireamh i ndearadh na gcúrsa. Ní mór múinteoirí a oiliúint sna modhanna nua teagaisc seo, ionas nach n-áirítear acmhainní gairmiúla straitéisí agus uirlisí amháin le haghaidh teagaisc ar líne, ach brú i dtreo ealaín nuálach teagaisc. Ba cheart go mbeadh gach páirtí leasmhara páirteach go gníomhach i gcomhpháirtíocht le forbróirí an ábhair ar chúrsaí agus iad a bhrú ar ais nuair a fheiceann siad "an rud céanna". Is é an oideachas is fearr is féidir a thuill ár gcuid mac léinn, ní ach athdhéanamh de chóras nach bhfuil tar éis freastal ar ár gcuid mac léinn go léir.

The heat has been turned up for much of Europe this past week. Temperatures have been slowly climbing for many cities. On Saturday, Paris saw their highest temperature this year of 38C. Not since 2003 has France experienced such high temperatures. Meteo France issued heat wave warnings well in advance to alert the public of the potential dangers. This new warning system was implemented after the 2003 heat wave when approximately 15,000 people lost their lives. London also saw its hottest day of the year on Saturday when St. James Park recorded 31C. Spain, The Netherlands, Germany and Poland haven’t been left out either. On average cities across central and western Europe are seeing temperatures 8-11 degrees above average. The culprit has been a vast area of high pressure over the central part of the continent. The clear skies and the warming downward nature of the air are working together to push temperatures higher and higher. Not only have temperatures climbed, but so have electricity prices. With heat comes the need to try and stay cool, putting a demand on the power grids. An ongoing drought in southeastern Europe is finding no relief as this newest surge of heat promises to push into the region this week. It is estimated that Croatia will suffer from over 165 million dollars in crop damage this year. Temperatures are already making their way back down for England on Monday, with most of northern Europe cooling off as well by Tuesday. Source: Al Jazeera

<urn:uuid:c0b53443-7958-4068-b03d-b6f9c7ae262e>

CC-MAIN-2016-07

http://www.aljazeera.com/weather/2012/08/20128209615727470.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701148475.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193908-00321-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Tá an teas curtha suas le haghaidh cuid mhór den Eoraip an tseachtain seo caite. Tá teochtaí ag ardú go mall i go leor cathracha. Ar an Satharn, bhí an teocht is airde i bPáras i mbliana de 38C. Ní raibh teochtaí chomh ard sa Fhrainc ó 2003 i leith. D'eisigh Meteo France rabhaidh faoi thimpiste teas fada roimh ré chun an pobal a chur ar an eolas faoi na contúirtí féideartha. Cuireadh an córas rabhaidh nua seo i bhfeidhm tar éis tonn teasa 2003 nuair a chaill thart ar 15,000 duine a saol. Chonaic Londain an lá is teo den bhliain ar an Satharn nuair a thaifeadadh 31C i bPáirc Naomh Seumas. Ní raibh an Spáinn, an Ísiltír, an Ghearmáin agus an Pholainn fágtha amach freisin. Ar an meán tá teochtaí 8-11 céim os cionn an meán ag bailte ar fud na hEorpa lárnach agus thiar. Is é an cúis ná limistéar mór ard-bhrú thar lár na mór-roinne. Tá na spéartha soiléire agus an teas ag dul síos san aer ag obair le chéile chun teochtaí a bhrú níos airde agus níos airde. Ní hamháin go bhfuil teochtaí tar éis dul suas, ach tá praghsanna leictreachais tar éis dul suas freisin. Le teas tagann an gá a iarracht a choinneáil fuar, ag cur éileamh ar na gréasán cumhachta. Níl aon mhaolú ag teacht ar thriomú leanúnach i ndeisceart na hEorpa de réir mar a gheallann an tonn te is déanaí seo dul isteach sa réigiún an tseachtain seo. Meastar go mbeidh níos mó ná 165 milliún dollar de damáiste ag an gCróit do thorthaí an bhliain seo. Tá an teocht ag dul síos go dtí an Sasana Dé Luain, agus beidh an chuid is mó den Eoraip thuaidh ag fuarú go maith Dé Máirt. Foinse: Al Jazeera

Biotechnology has made it possible to diagnose strep throat in minutes, rather than days. Some types of cancer can now be diagnosed with a simple blood test, rather than surgery. Biotechnology delivered the first new treatment for multiple sclerosis in over 20 years and the first new therapy for cystic fibrosis in over 30 years. In the future, defective genes or damaged cells may be repaired or replaced through the use of biotechnology. New vaccines help prevent hepatitis, meningitis, and influenza. New vaccines in food may eliminate the need for a trip to the doctor and a shot. Protecting Babies & Children Pfizer Vaccines, formerly Wyeth Vaccines, is dedicated to making life-saving vaccines, including those that eliminated small pox and polio from the United States. Their Sanford, North Carolina, facility is continuing this legacy. In the last decade, the company's vaccines for meningitis, pneumonia, blood infections, and bacterial infections have significantly reduced infant and childhood mortality from these diseases around the world. Since Pfizer introduced its pneumonia vaccine for infants and toddlers, the incidence of the disease in children under two has declined by almost 80 percent. Pfizer has a 325,000-square-foot facility in Sanford.

<urn:uuid:222fefdf-091a-4740-af96-376b9b56a16a>

CC-MAIN-2016-07

http://www.ncbiotech.org/biotech-basics/fighting-disease

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701146302.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193906-00031-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Tá an bithteicneolaíocht tar éis a dhéanamh indéanta strep throat a dhiagnóisiú i gceann nóiméad, seachas laethanta. Is féidir roinnt cineálacha ailse a dhiagnóisiú anois le tástáil fola simplí, seachas máinliacht. Thug an bithteicneolaíocht an chéad chóireáil nua le haghaidh sclerosis il i níos mó ná 20 bliain agus an chéad chóireáil nua le haghaidh fibrosis cystic i níos mó ná 30 bliain. Sa todhchaí, d'fhéadfaí géiní lochtach nó cealla damáiste a dheisiú nó a athsholáthar trí úsáid a bhaint as bithteicneolaíocht. Cabhraíonn vacsaíní nua le heipitíteas, méineigíteas agus an flú. D'fhéadfadh vacsaíní nua san bhia deireadh a chur le dul chuig an dochtúir agus le lámhaigh. Naíonáin agus Leanaí a Chosaint Tá Pfizer Vaccines, a bhí ar a dtugtar Wyeth Vaccines roimhe seo, tiomanta do vacsaíní a shábháil beatha, lena n-áirítear na vacsaíní a chuir deireadh le poil a bhí ag na Stáit Aontaithe. Tá a n-áislí Sanford, Carolina Thuaidh, ag leanúint leis an oidhreacht seo. Sa deich mbliana anuas, tá vacsaíní na cuideachta le haghaidh méineigit, niúmóine, ionfhabhtuithe fola, agus ionfhabhtuithe baictéaracha tar éis básmhaireacht naíonáin agus na linbh ó na galair seo a laghdú go suntasach ar fud an domhain. Ó chuir Pfizer a vacsaín nimhiúnais ar fáil do naíonáin agus do naíonáin bheaga, tá laghdú beagnach 80 faoin gcéad tagtha ar líon na bpáistí faoi dhá bhliain d'aois a bhíonn ag fulaingt ón ghalair. Tá saoráid 325,000 troigh cearnach ag Pfizer i Sanford.

The uniqueness of Telesat's patent-pending dual-layer orbit is that polar orbit LEOs, crossing under the inclined orbit LEOs, increase the reliability and robustness of the network while reducing the number of satellites needed to achieve seamless global connectivity. Along with the lack of a circular orbit, a highly inclined orbit of the exoplanet was predicted by calculations, and both those aspects were confirmed by measurements. A massive planet on a large, elongated, highly inclined orbit could cause most of this tilt, pulling on the planets and making everything wobble like a big top over billions of years. It has been operating in an inclined orbit for more than three years. Scientists from Caltech report that this longstanding puzzle could be answered by the gravitational pull of a distant planet, with a mass five to 20 times that of Earth, in an eccentric and inclined orbit Capacity is offered from both stable and inclined orbit satellites, supplying providers with data speeds of hundreds of Mbps in each direction. Options for the Hiltron HANT C-Ku downlink antenna include a satellite tracking system, inclined orbit tracking, integration of parabolic reflectors according to customer preference, a handheld control unit, de-icer, and a choice of standard steel mounts or non-penetrating mounts. It has an eccentric and highly inclined orbit that takes it from 30 to 49 AU (4. By using Newtec's FlexACM technology with inclined orbit satellites, Nynex is able to deliver robust connectivity at a significantly lower cost with unparalleled availability. SDO's inclined orbit will form a figure-8 over the Earth during the day, giving us continuous, 24-hour-a-day sunlight for most of the year," said Philip Scherrer, a Stanford physics professor and principal investigator of the observatory's lead experiment, called the helioseismic magnetic imager. BeiDou-2 (the second phase) supports regional operation from a network of geostationary, medium earth orbit and inclined orbit Pallas's highly inclined orbit places it extremely far south of the ecliptic at this opposition, around declination -20[degrees] near Tau (3) ([[tau].

<urn:uuid:8f2fe919-57ce-4353-9df3-8a73a56030d8>

CC-MAIN-2018-51

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/inclined+orbit

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376826145.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214162826-20181214184826-00007.warc.gz

en

Is é an uathúlacht a bhaineann le cúlra dhá shraith Telesat atá faoi phaitinn ná go bhfuil LEOs cúlra polacha, ag trasnú faoin orbit inclined LEOs, iontaofacht agus láidreacht an líonra a mhéadú agus líon na satailíte a theastaíonn chun nascacht domhanda gan uaim a bhaint amach a laghdú. Chomh maith le easpa orbit ciorclach, orbit ard-teoranta Bhí an méid a bhí le rá ag an exoplanet réamh-mheasta ag ríomhanna, agus bhí an dá ghné sin deimhnithe ag tomhais. Pláinéid ollmhór ar orbit mhór, fada, ardteoranta d'fhéadfadh a bheith mar chúis leis an chuid is mó den tilte, tarraingt ar na pláinéid agus a dhéanamh gach rud wobble cosúil le barr mór thar na billiúin bliain. Tá sé ag feidhmiú i bhfithis claonta le breis agus trí bliana. Tuairiscíonn eolaithe ó Caltech go bhféadfaí an réamhrá seo a bhí ann le fada a fhreagairt trí tharraingt mhealltachta phláinéid iargúlta, le mais cúig go 20 uair níos mó ná an Domhan, i bhfithis eisceantrach agus claonta Tá cumas ar fáil ó orbit chobhsaí agus ó orbit claonta araon Tá an t-ardán seo ar fáil i ngach ceann de na réimsí is mó a bhfuil an t-ardán seo á úsáid acu. I measc na roghanna don antenna nasc síos Hiltron HANT C-Ku tá córas rianaithe satailíte, orbit inclined rianú, comhtháthú athfhéachtóirí parabólacha de réir rogha an chustaiméara, aonad rialaithe láimhe, de-icer, agus rogha de mhonarcha cruach chaighdeánacha nó mhonarcha neamh-thréimhseacha. Tá sé an orbit eccentric agus an-teann go dtógann sé ó 30 go 49 AE (4. Trí úsáid a bhaint Newtec'S teicneolaíocht FlexACM le orbit inclined Tá an t-idirlíon idirlín agus an t-idirlíon idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlíon idirlíon idirlín idirlín idirlíon idirlín idirlín idirlíon idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlín idirlíon idirlín idirlíon idirlíon idir idirlíon idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir idir Orbitail claonta SDO Beidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am ag teacht go mbeidh an t-am. Tacaíonn BeiDou-2 (an dara céim) le hoibriú réigiúnach ó líonra geostationary, orbit mheán-Dhiúchais agus orbit inclined An órbitach ard-teann a bhíonn ag Pallas cuireann sé go han-fhada ó dheas den ecliptic ag an gcathrú seo, timpeall dí- 20 [céim] in aice le Tau (3) ([[tau]].

“Freedom from pride or arrogance; the quality or state of being humble” The definition of ‘humility’ according to Merriam-Webster. But the concept of humility is much more interesting. Origin of the Word The word derives from Latin humilis, meaning ‘lowly, humble,’ and the root humus meaning ‘earth.' You might first think of the verb ‘humiliate': “to make (someone) ashamed or embarrassed,” then followed by ‘humiliation,’ which you could say is the state of being humiliated. Psychiatrist Neel Burton claims the word means,“to be humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission.” But I’m talking about humility as a character trait, and less of an emotion or state of being. ‘Humility’ and ‘humbleness’ are interchangeable, in a sense, but there's just something about humility that makes it have a different flavor than humbleness to me. The wording that Merriam-Webster uses (all definitions I use are from them, #notsponsored) makes it seem like, to me, if you were to be humble, then you are actively choosing to not be arrogant or full of yourself. And to have humility it would mean that you don’t need to be arrogant, you don’t need to prove your worth. That you know intrinsically that you are important and have worth, and that you know that it’s okay to not be the best at everything. Really sounding like a line to boost teenage girls’ self confidence. Humility and the Sexes Women are different from men. Welcome to the world! But I mean more along the lines of the way that the sexes learn how to navigate the world. Men get praised for this and that, things that are often expected from a woman (i.e. doing their own laundry, or participating fairly in a conversation). That concept of being seen as less important, even if not explicitly stated, often bleeds into the rest of the woman’s thoughts. German Chancellor Angela Merkel has demonstrated this. Most world leaders speak English, and Merkel is no exception. Her 2014 speech to the UK parliament started in English, however, she stopped to apologize for her poor fluency and switched to speaking with a German translator. YouTuber and political journalist J.J. McCullough discussed the event, saying that it “strikes [him] as a good example of the sort of humility that people sometimes say that women have, which is to say a woman is much more likely to be self-conscious of her limitations whereas a man is much more likely to just barrel through.” McCullough then uses a clip of french president Emanuel Macron absolutely butchering the English language to exemplify his point. And I’d say it’s true: I notice all the time when men just don’t seem to care that they can’t possibly know everything there is to know, or can’t acknowledge that they aren’t naturally born savants in every possible skill. Great example: mansplaining. If you happen to be living under a rock, ‘mansplain’ is a portmanteau of ‘man’ and ‘explain,’ and it’s the phenomenon of men thinking they need to explain something to a woman, even though the woman sure as hell already knows what there is to know about the subject matter. This reminds me of the concept of hubris. Hubris is the downfall of basically every tragic Greek hero. Hubris means “exaggerated pride or self-confidence.” Interestingly, ‘hubris’ is of Greek origin, and ‘humility’ is of Latin origin. Despite sounding similar, they aren’t related etymologically, which I find fascinating. My first thought of the Latin equivalent to hubris would be ego, but ‘ego’ just means “the self especially as contrasted with another self or the world.” Merriam-Webster even says that a synonym of ‘ego’ is ‘self-respect.’ We first started using ‘ego’ in connection with ‘conceitedness’ most likely due to absolute legend Sigmund Freud. Many Greek heroes, such as Achilles and Oedipus, suffered from hubris. Overconfidence caused the heroes to try and exceed human limitations and become godlike, which the gods didn’t think to be so cash money. Greek gods are swift to end your mortal life, it seems. And now I’m going to connect humility to racism. Or ‘humiliation,’ rather. Peter Gabel, editor of Tikkun, a magazine for philosophical discussion, wrote about the connection between humiliation and racism: “Racism is like a disease in the sense that one may have a mild or severe case of it (though never mild to its victims), depending upon how traumatic the laying down of one’s inner humiliation of non-recognition has been.” Gabel explains that in order to not feel inadequate in certain areas, racists inflate themselves with the idea that they are inherently better than people of color because they are white. They then go on to humiliate people of color (in the sense of lowering their social status), because they themselves are afraid of being humiliated. Or something along those lines, I’m really not qualified to speak here but I encourage you to learn more† because reading about this stuff is fascinating. Humility and Self-Esteem There is this sense of helplessness. That they are stuck in their situations with no way out of the hole because of the way that our society is structured. The feeling of helplessness is tied to low self-esteem. My definition of humility, which is that you don’t need to constantly prove to others that you are worthy of respect, can be viewed as a form of low self-esteem. “People with low self-esteem often feel unlovable, awkward, or incompetent,” according to Lena Firestone, a freelance writer. “Low self-esteem is characterized by a lack of confidence and feeling badly about oneself.” But I don’t feel like having humility is the same as having low self-esteem. To me, low self-esteem is more like feeling badly about your shortcomings, and feeling badly about yourself in general. Feeling like you have no worth, and that people shouldn’t waste their time paying attention to you. Even if you make mistakes, that’s okay. To err is human, as they say. It’s okay to not be the best at everything. In fact, it’s impossible to be the best at everything: we only get so many stat points to spend at our character customization screen. Knowing your limitations can help you in life, I believe. You don’t need to be arrogant, you don’t need to constantly prove your worth. You are important and deserve respect. “Humility is not to think lowly of oneself, but to appreciate the self one has received,” claims Rabbi Johnathan Sacks. To have humility is to know this, even when you make mistakes and even when you act like a right fool. Acknowledge that you have faults, and acknowledge those faults as well. If you know that you are lacking in one area, you can do something about it. Let’s say that you are falling behind in a class, and that class really isn’t your strong suit. That’s okay. Acknowledge that you aren't perfect, and acknowledge that you need to do something about it. Go ask for help, for tutelage. Go study more, or be more present in class. When you’re in a group setting, and you know that you’re awfully good at procrastinating, that’s okay. Acknowledge that you have a bad habit and acknowledge that you need to do something about it. Put someone in the group that has a good sense of time, set a rigid schedule and allow for people to hold you to it. That’s what humility is to me. Knowing that you are what you are. It’s perfectly fine to have problems. Lord knows I’ve got enough. Like giving up on writing all of my articles in the more ‘professional’ third person and avoiding first and second person pronouns. That went out the window. Along with caring about whether my articles are way too long. I mean, if you’ve read this far it clearly wasn't that big of an issue. I know where my strong points are, and I like to think that I know where my weak points are. Being able to exercise what you’re good at and being able to navigate and overcome what you’re weak at, that’s what’s gonna make you succeed in life. But I could be lying, I mean I just turned 18, so I’ll have to put my theory to the test. Fear of Humiliation as the Root of Racism - Peter Gabel, Tikkun Racial Humility - New Discourses This Overlooked Trait is the Key to Allyship - Lincoln Hill, Forge

<urn:uuid:30cd4a93-06f0-4dc0-877c-f15886e89b9b>

CC-MAIN-2021-43

https://www.theblackshirt.org/2020/12/08/a-study-in-humility/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588257.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20211028034828-20211028064828-00368.warc.gz

en

saoirse ó bród nó uaigneas; cáilíocht nó staid a bheith íogair An sainmhíniú ar "íomláine" de réir Merriam-Webster. Ach tá an coincheap um íseal-intinn i bhfad níos suimiúla. Bunús an Bhriathar Tagann an focal ó humilis Laidineach, rud a chiallaíonn íseal, íseal, agus an fréamh humus a chiallaíonn talamh. ' B'fhéidir go smaoiníonn tú ar an briathar 'humiliate': 'to make (someone) ashamed or embarrassed', agus ansin ar 'humiliation', ar féidir leat a rá gurb é an staid é a bheith faoi náire. Deir an síciatraí Neel Burton go gciallóidh an focal, "a bheith íseal nó a laghdú go dtí íseal nó a chur faoi bhráid". Ach táim ag caint faoi humhill mar thréith carachtar, agus níos lú de mhothúchán nó staid a bheith. Tá "humble" agus "humility" in-athmhaoithe, i bhfocail áirithe, ach tá rud éigin faoi humble a fhágann go bhfuil blas difriúil aige ná humble domsa. Is cosúil leis an bhfoirmle a úsáideann Merriam-Webster (tá gach sainmhíniú a úsáideann mé uathu, #notsponsored) domsa, má bhí tú ag a bheith íogair, ansin tá tú ag roghnú go gníomhach gan a bheith arrogant nó lán de féin. Agus chun a bheith humble bheadh sé a chiallaíonn nach gá duit a bheith arrogant, nach gá duit a chruthú do luach. Go bhfuil a fhios agat go bunúsach go bhfuil tú tábhachtach agus go bhfuil luach agat, agus go bhfuil a fhios agat go bhfuil sé ceart go leor gan a bheith ar an duine is fearr i ngach rud. Is cosúil go bhfuil sé cosúil le líne chun muinín na mban déagóirí a threisiú. An t-Ídseacht agus na gCeangacha Tá mná difriúil ó na fir. Fáilte go dtí an domhan! Ach táim ag ciall níos mó leis an mbealach a fhoghlaimíonn na gnéithe conas an domhan a nascleanúint. Faigheann fir moladh as seo agus as sin, rudaí a bhfuiltear ag súil leo go minic ó mhná (i.e. a gcuid éadaí féin a dhéanamh, nó páirt a ghlacadh go cothrom i gcomhrá). Is minic a bhíonn an coincheap sin go meastar go bhfuil sí níos lú tábhachta, fiú mura luaitear go soiléir é, ag fuil isteach i gcuid eile de smaointe na mban. Tá sé seo léirithe ag Seansailéir na Gearmáine Angela Merkel. Labhraíonn formhór na gceannairí domhanda Béarla, agus ní eisceacht í Merkel. Thosaigh a óráid i 2014 i bparlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe i mBéarla, áfach, stop sí chun leithscéal a iarraidh as a scuaineacht íseal agus d'athraigh sí chun labhairt le haistriúchán Gearmánach. Rinne an YouTuber agus an t-iriseoir polaitiúil J.J. McCullough plé ar an ócáid, ag rá go bhfuil sé "ag bualadh [air] mar shampla maith den chineál íogaireachta a deir daoine uaireanta go bhfuil mná, is é sin le rá go bhfuil bean i bhfad níos mó seans go mbeidh sí féin-fhiosach faoina teorainneacha ach tá fear i bhfad níos mó seans go mbeidh sé ag barráil tríd. " Baineann McCullough ansin úsáid as gearrthóg de Uachtarán na Fraince Emanuel Macron ag déanamh an teanga Béarla go hiomlán chun a phointe a léiriú. Agus ba mhaith liom a rá go bhfuil sé fíor: Tá mé faoi deara an t-am ar fad nuair a fir díreach nach bhfuil cosúil go bhfuil cúram go bhfuil siad is féidir nach bhfuil a fhios go léir go bhfuil a fhios, nó nach féidir a admháil nach bhfuil siad go nádúrtha a rugadh savants i ngach scileanna is féidir. Sampla iontach: fear-scéala. Má tharlaíonn sé go bhfuil tú ag maireachtáil faoi charraig, is é "mansplain" portmanteau de "man" agus "explain", agus is feiniméan é fir a cheapann go gcaithfidh siad rud éigin a mhíniú do mhná, cé go bhfuil a fhios ag an mbean cinnte mar an diabhal cad atá le fios faoi an ábhar. Cuireann sé seo i gcuimhne dom an coincheap ar hubris. Tá Hubris an titim go bunúsach gach laoch Gréagach tragóideach. Ciallaíonn hubris bród nó féinmhuinín iomarcach. Is suimiúil go bhfuil hubris de bhunadh na Gréige, agus humility de bhunadh na Laidine. In ainneoin gur cosúil go bhfuil siad cosúil, níl baint acu go heitimiliúil, rud a fhaigheann mé suimiúil. Ba é an chéad smaoineamh a bhí agam ar an gcodannach Laidineach le hubris ná ego, ach ciallaíonn ego an féin go háirithe i gcodarsnacht le féin eile nó leis an domhan. Merriam-Webster fiú a deir go bhfuil sionónam de ego ná féinmheas. Thosaigh muid ag úsáid ego i gcomhar le conceitedness is dócha mar gheall ar an finscéal iomlán Sigmund Freud. Bhí go leor laochra Gréagacha, amhail Achilles agus Oedipus, ag fulaingt ó hubris. Mar gheall ar ró-iontaobhas, rinne na laochra iarracht teorainneacha daonna a shárú agus a bheith cosúil le dia, rud nach raibh na déithe ag smaoineamh go raibh airgead airgid ann. Is cosúil go bhfuil na déithe Gréagacha tapa chun deireadh a chur le do shaol marfach. Agus anois beidh mé ag nascadh íogaireacht le ciníochas. Nó "humiliation", níos fearr. Scríobh Peter Gabel, eagarthóir Tikkun, iris le haghaidh plé fealsúnachta, faoin nasc idir umhalú agus ciníochas: "Is cosúil le galar ciníochas sa chiall go bhféadfadh cás éadrom nó tromchúiseach a bheith agat (cé nach bhfuil sé riamh éadrom dá íospartaigh), ag brath ar cé chomh traumatic a bhí sé ag cur síos ar an umhalú inmheánach a bhí ag duine ar neamh-aithne. " Míníonn Gabel nach bhfuil na ciníocha ag mothú go bhfuil siad mí-oiriúnach i réimsí áirithe, agus cuireann siad an smaoineamh go bhfuil siad níos fearr ná daoine dath toisc go bhfuil siad bán orthu. Ansin téann siad ar aghaidh chun daoine dath a ídiú (sa chiall go laghdaíonn siad a stádas sóisialta), toisc go bhfuil eagla orthu féin a bheith ídiú. Nó rud éigin mar sin, níl mé cáilithe chun labhairt anseo ach molaim duit níos mó a fhoghlaim† mar tá sé suimiúil léamh faoi na rudaí seo. An t-Ídseacht agus an Féinmheas Tá an mothú seo de helplessness. Go bhfuil siad gafa ina staid gan aon bhealach amach as an poll mar gheall ar an mbealach a bhfuil ár sochaí struchtúrtha. Tá an mothú neamhchosaint ceangailte le féinmheas íseal. Is féidir mo shainmhíniú ar íonacht, is é sin nach gá duit a chruthú i gcónaí do dhaoine eile go bhfuil tú fiú meas, a mheas mar chineál íseal féinmheas. Daoine a bhfuil íseal-mhisneach acu dóibh féin is minic a bhraitheann siad neamh-inádh, míshásta, nó neamh-inniúil, de réir Lena Firestone, scríbhneoir neamhspleách. Is é is saintréithe le híosmheas féin ná easpa muiníne agus droch-chomhfhios faoi féin. Ach ní dóigh liom go bhfuil an t-úmhlacht mar an gcéanna le féinmheas íseal a bheith agat. Maidir liomsa, is cosúil go mbraitheann íseal-mheas féin mar a bheith mícheart faoi do chuid easnaimh, agus a bheith mícheart faoi tú féin i gcoitinne. A bheith ag mothú nach bhfuil aon luach agat, agus nár cheart do dhaoine a gcuid ama a chaitheamh ag tabhairt aird ort. Fiú má dhéanann tú botúin, tá sé sin ceart go leor. To err is human, mar a deir siad. Tá sé ceart go leor gan a bheith ar an chuid is fearr i ngach rud. Go deimhin, is é an t-ádh nach féidir a bheith an ceann is fearr i ngach rud: ní fhaighimid ach pointe staidrimh a chaitheamh ar ár scáileán saincheaptha carachtair. Creidim gur féidir le do theorainneacha a bheith ar eolas agat cabhrú leat sa saol. Ní gá duit a bheith arrogant, ní gá duit a chruthú i gcónaí do luach. Tá tú tábhachtach agus is fiú meas ort. Ní í an íomhá íseal a bheith agat de féin, ach an féin a fuair tú a mheas, a deir an Rabín Johnathan Sacks. Is é a bheith íseal ná é seo a fhios, fiú nuair a dhéanann tú botúin agus fiú nuair a fheidhmíonn tú mar amadán ceart. Admhaigh go bhfuil lochtanna agat, agus admhaigh na lochtanna sin freisin. Má tá a fhios agat go bhfuil aon ní ag teip ort i réimse amháin, is féidir leat rud éigin a dhéanamh faoi. A ligean ar a rá go bhfuil tú ag titim ar chúl i rang, agus nach bhfuil an rang sin i ndáiríre do chuid is fearr. Tá sé sin ceart go leor. Aithníonn tú nach bhfuil tú foirfe, agus aithníonn tú go gcaithfidh tú rud éigin a dhéanamh faoi. Téigh ag iarraidh cabhair, le haghaidh teagasc. Téigh ag staidéar níos mó, nó bí níos mó i láthair sa rang. Nuair a bhíonn tú i ngrúpa, agus a fhios agat go bhfuil tú an-mhaith ag procrastinating, tá sé sin ceart go leor. Aithníonn tú go bhfuil droch-chleachtas agat agus go gcaithfidh tú rud éigin a dhéanamh faoi. Cuir duine éigin sa ghrúpa a bhfuil tuiscint mhaith aige ar an am, socraigh sceideal daingean agus lig do dhaoine tú a choinneáil air. Sin an méid a humbleness is dom. A fhios go bhfuil tú cad atá tú. Tá sé go hiomlán ceart go leor fadhbanna a bheith agat. Tá a fhios ag an Tiarna go bhfuil go leor agam. Cosúil le stop a chur le mo chuid alt a scríobh sa tríú duine níos "gairmiúla" agus pronouns chéad agus dara duine a sheachaint. Thit sé amach as an fhuinneog. Chomh maith le cúram a dhéanamh faoi cibé an bhfuil mo ailt ró-fhada. Ciallaíonn mé, má tá tú ag léamh go dtí seo go soiléir nach raibh sé sin mór de na saincheisteanna. Tá a fhios agam cá bhfuil mo phointí láidre, agus is maith liom a cheapann go bhfuil a fhios agam cá bhfuil mo phointí laige. A bheith in ann a fheidhmiú cad tá tú go maith agus a bheith in ann a nascleanúint agus a shárú cad tá tú lag, is é sin cad a bheidh a dhéanamh tú a éirigh sa saol. Ach d'fhéadfadh mé a bheith ag luí, ciallaíonn mé díreach tar éis 18 bliain d'aois, mar sin beidh mé a chur ar mo teoiric a thástáil. An eagla ar íoslaghdú mar bhunús na ciníochas - Peter Gabel, Tikkun An Tógáil Rásach - Cainteanna Nua Is é an Gné seo a Fheictear ná an eochair chun a bheith ina gComhpháirtí - Lincoln Hill, Forge

Fought in a tangled forest fringing the south bank of the Rapidan River, the Battle of the Wilderness marked the initial engagement in the climactic months of the Civil War in Virginia, and the first encounter between Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee. In an exciting narrative, Gordon C. Rhea provides the consummate recounting of that conflict of May 5 and 6, 1864, which ended with high casualties on both sides but no clear victor. With its balanced analysis of events and people, command structures and strategies, The Battle of the Wilderness is operational history as it should be written. Gordon C. Rhea is also the author of The Battle of the Wilderness, May 5–6, 1864, winner of the Civil War Regiments Book Award; The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern, May 7–12, 1864; and Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee, May 26–June 3, 1864, winner of the Austin Civil War Round Table’s Laney Prize. Found an Error? Tell us about it.

<urn:uuid:e3231248-e575-4665-8331-3460d10cae36>

CC-MAIN-2016-18

http://lsupress.org/books/detail/the-battle-of-the-wilderness-may-5-6-1864/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860118807.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161518-00085-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Bhí an Cath sa Wilderness i bhforaois i bpríosún an Abhainn Rapidan, agus ba é an chéad choinneáil idir Ulysses S. Grant agus Robert E. Lee. I scéal spreagúil, tugann Gordon C. Rhea an t-amhrán iomlán ar an gcogadh sin ar 5 agus 6 Bealtaine, 1864, a chríochnaigh le caillteanais mhóra ar an dá thaobh ach gan buaiteoir soiléir. Leis an anailís chothrom ar imeachtaí agus daoine, struchtúir agus straitéisí ceannaireachta, is é Cath na Fiáin stair oibríochtúil mar ba cheart a scríobh. Gordon C. Rhea is é an t-údar freisin de The Battle of the Wilderness, Bealtaine 56, 1864, buaiteoir an Domhan Cathartha Réigimint Gradam Leabhar; Na Cathanna ar Spotsylvania Teach Cúirte agus an Bóthar go Yellow Tavern, Bealtaine 712, 1864; agus Cold Harbor: Grant agus Lee, Bealtaine 26Meitheamh 3, 1864, buaiteoir Gradam Laney an Austin Cathartha Cogadh Round Table. Fuair Tú Earráid? Inis dúinn faoi.

Entries related to Law 18 – Common Sense February 7, 2016 I have difficulty at times recognizing a slide tackle that is a foul versus a legal one. Can you please give some guidance of what to look for and how I can be better at calling a foul on a hard tackle? Sometimes good tackles cause a player to fall so please help me with this. Answer (February 6, 2016): The term “slide tackle” refers to an attempt to tackle the ball away from an opponent while sliding on the ground. A slide tackle is legal, provided it is performed safely. In other words, there is nothing illegal about a slide tackle by itself—-no matter where it is done and no matter the direction from which it comes. Referees (and spectators) should not get hung up on the term “slide” tackling. There is nothing regarding “endangering the safety of the opponent” which limits it to a slide tackle. In fact, if, in the opinion of the referee, the tackle endangers the safety of the opponent, it makes no difference if there is contact or not. The referee must judge whether the tackle of an opponent is fair or whether it is careless, reckless, or involves the use of excessive force. Making contact with the opponent before the ball when making a tackle is unfair and should be penalized. On the other hand, the fact that contact with the ball was made first does not automatically mean that the tackle is fair. The declaration by a player that he or she “got the ball first” is irrelevant if, while tackling for the ball, the player carelessly, recklessly, or with excessive force commits any of the prohibited actions. Remember that it is not a foul if a sliding tackle is successful and the player whose ball was tackled away then falls over the tackler’s foot. How can tackles become illegal? There are many ways but two of the most common are by making contact with the opponent first (before contacting the ball) and by striking the opponent with a raised upper leg before, during, or after contacting the ball with the lower leg. Referees must be vigilant and firm in assessing any tackle, because the likely point of contact is the lower legs of the opponent and this is a particularly vulnerable area. We must not be swayed by protests of “But I got the ball, ref” and we must be prepared to assess the proper penalty for misconduct where that is warranted. Certain “prohibited actions” would include lifting the tackling foot to trip or attempt to trip the opponent, using the other foot or leg to trip or attempt to trip the opponent, kicking or attempting to kick the opponent, etc., etc. Surely other similar fouls will come easily to mind. Remember that “getting the ball first” has NEVER been absolution for whatever else may happen during or immediately after the tackle. There is nothing illegal, by itself, about sliding tackles or playing the ball while on the ground. These acts become the indirect free kick foul known as playing dangerously (“dangerous play”) only if the action unfairly takes away an opponent’s otherwise legal play of the ball (for players at the youth level, this definition is simplified even more as “playing in a manner considered to be dangerous to an opponent”). At minimum, this means that an opponent must be within the area of danger which the player has created. These same acts can become the direct free kick fouls known as kicking or attempting to kick an opponent or tripping or attempting to trip or tackling an opponent to gain possession of the ball only if there was contact with the opponent or, in the opinion of the referee, the opponent was forced to react to avoid the kick or the trip. The referee may warn players about questionable acts of play on the ground, but would rarely caution a player unless the act was reckless. November 15, 2015 Before the ball enters the goal from an attacking player’s shot, a spectator enters the field of play and slightly touches the ball with his hand but does not manage to stop the goal. What decision should the referee make? Answer (November 15, 2015): In such cases, the referee must follow the guidance on p. 66 of the Laws of the Game: Anyone not indicated on the team list as a player, substitute or team official is deemed to be an outside agent, as is a player who has been sent off. If an outside agent enters the field of play: • the referee must stop play (although not immediately if the outside agent does not interfere with play) • the referee must have him removed from the field of play and its immediate surroundings • if the referee stops the match, he must restart play with a dropped ball from the position of the ball when the match was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped In your situation, Law 3 requires that the referee determine whether or not the outside agent—here the spectator—has truly interfered with play. Only the referee on the game can determine this; not the players, not the team officials, no one but the referee, with advice from the ARs, if necessary. July 20, 2015 Referee Health and Safety As part of U.S. Soccer’s commitment to health and safety, our medical and referee experts have prepared the following recommendations for the referee community and incorporated them into our referee education materials. In the interest of health and safety, U.S. Soccer recommends that match officials practice the following skin care guidelines: • Consider wearing sunscreen daily on areas of exposed skin. • Apply skin protection factor (SPF) of 30 or greater 15 minutes prior to being exposed to the sun. • At a minimum, reapply every 2 hours or more frequently if sweating extensively. • Take advantage of halftime to reapply. • Consider wearing long sleeves (or UV protective clothing) if applicable during high sun exposure periods. • Periodically (once a year) review exposed skin for any changes or growths and consult your doctor or dermatologist. • Caps may be worn so long as the cap does not endanger the safety of the official or the players. • The cap should be consistent with the referee uniform and not conflict with the uniform colors worn by either team. • The cap may not bear any commercial marks or logos. May 13, 2015 My team had a pK shoot out last weekend. The referee placed the ball on the mark. We kicked first and my player moved the ball because it was in a hole but left it on the mark. The referee walked back to the ball picked it up and appeared to push it even harder in the original spot. Is the referee allowed to move or place the ball even though it’s on the mark. It clearly bothered my player. The referee did place the ball every single time after that as well So at least he was consistent. Answer (May 13, 2015): The ball must be placed on some part of the spot/mark. It can be moved to avoid holes or water. The only restriction is the ball may not be moved closer to the goal line than the spot itself. As I am fond of saying, some referees make too much of themselves and fail to remember that it is not the referee’s game, it belongs to the players. January 23, 2015 NOTE: This Q&A was published back in 2002 with the full approval of the U. S. Soccer Federation. I cannot claim that it still has approval, but it is a good path to explore when prosthetic devices are necessary for a player. I sent it out last week in response to a similar question from a player’s parent. The final decision will always rest with the referee, no matter who else might approve. May a player wear a titanium leg or other prosthetic device while playing soccer? Answer (January 18, 2015): The first concern of the International Football Association Board (IFAB) in Law 4 – The Players’ Equipment is for player safety: “Safety: A player must not use equipment or wear anything which is dangerous to himself or another player (including any kind of jewelry).” The IFAB then lists the basic compulsory equipment of a player: jersey or shirt, shorts, stockings, shinguards, and footwear. Artificial legs and other prosthetic devices are not included in the list. The United States Soccer Federation (USSF) neither approves nor disapproves the wearing of such artificial legs or prosthetic devices, taking the position that this decision is outside the authority and competence of the USSF. Custom and usage indicate that the use of artificial legs or other prosthetic devices by players was never contemplated by the International F. A. Board, but the case is analogous to that of a player wearing a cast or leg brace (when properly padded to prevent a danger to others). Injuring or reinjuring a limb is not considered to be a life-threatening situation, and it is commonly accepted according to custom and usage. The individual referee must consider the requirements of Law 4 and the Spirit of the Laws when judging the safety of wearing of an artificial leg or prosthetic device in the game he or she is to referee. The National State Association may grant permission for players to wear properly padded artificial legs or prosthetic devices if the following requirements are met: 1. The player (or the parents of a player under the age of 21) must sign a release form stating that the player/parents are aware of the hazards involved with the player/child playing soccer under the conditions of his/her health. 2. The player’s doctor must sign a release stating that the player may play a contact sport such as soccer while wearing the device. 3. It is the sole responsibility of the player (and parents, if the player is underage) to ensure that the device is worn as required by medical personnel. It should not fall to a coach, tournament director, referee, nor anyone else to see that this is done, nor should the coach, tournament director, referee, nor anyone else be held responsible if it is not and an injury results. 4. The referee in each case has the final decision as to whether or not to allow the player to participate. The player’s team must carry copies of the player’s/parents’ and doctor’s releases and a copy of the release from the National State Association (signed by the president, vice president for the appropriate competition, and registrar). As noted above, the final decision to let the player participate will rest with the individual referee. November 18, 2014 If a player from Team A is injured and is being substituted, can Team B also substitute at that time? If so,is there a limited number of players that can be substituted? Answer (November 18, 2014): Q. 1: Yes. Q. 2: See below. Under the Laws of the Game, the following procedures apply: In all matches, the names of the substitutes must be given to the referee prior to the start of the match. Any substitute whose name is not given to the referee at this time may not take part in the match. To replace a player with a substitute, the following conditions must be observed: • the referee must be informed before any proposed substitution is made • the substitute only enters the field of play after the player being replaced has left and after receiving a signal from the referee • the substitute only enters the field of play at the halfway line and DURING A STOPPAGE IN THE MATCH • the substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play • from that moment, the substitute becomes a player and the player he has replaced becomes a substituted player • the substituted player takes no further part in the match • all substitutes are subject to the authority and jurisdiction of the referee, whether called upon to play or not And from the back of the book, under Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees, Law 3: • A substitution may be made only during a stoppage in play • The assistant referee signals that a substitution has been requested • The player being substituted receives the referee’s permission to leave the field of play, unless he is already off the field of play for reasons that comply with the Laws of the Game • The referee gives the substitute permission to enter the field of play • Before entering the field of play, the substitute waits for the player he is replacing to leave the field • The player being substituted is not obliged to leave the field of play on the halfway line • Permission to proceed with a substitution may be refused under certain circumstances, e.g. if the substitute is not ready to enter the field of play • A substitute who has not completed the substitution procedure by setting foot on to the field of play cannot restart play by taking a throw-in or corner kick • If a player who is about to be replaced refuses to leave the field of play, play continues • If a substitution is made during the half-time interval or before extra time, the procedure is to be completed before the second half or extra time kicks off As you can see from these quotes, there is no limit on the number of players that may be substituted. However, remember that this particular facet of substitution was not written to consider the system of multiple substitutions that we see in many competitions. October 19, 2014 Law- 14 penalty kicks. The Defending Goalkeeper As stated by the rules of Fifa The defending goalkeeper: • must remain on his goal line, facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked. My question is does the keeper have to keep a part of their body on the line until the ball is kicked? Or does the keeper have to keep both feet on the line until the ball is kicked? It is allowed for keepers to move side to side so the feet obviously do not have to be on the goal line. I would guess this question relates to the plane being broken. When watching any professional games it seems that the keeper is allowed to move forward as long as a part of the body is on the goal line in the plane between the goalposts. I am looking for some clarification on this rule because as I have gray areas of rules. Answer (October 15, 2014): As you note, the Law tells us that the defending goalkeeper must remain on his goal line, facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked. A later portion on Law 14, in the back of the Law book under Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees, reiterates that the referee must confirm, before the penalty kick is taken, that the goalkeeper is on the goal line between the goalposts and facing the kicker. If the goalkeeper violates these instructions, the kick may be taken; however, if the ball enters the goal, the goal is awarded. If the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken. To answer your question specifically, the goalkeeper must remain on the line. No specific body part is mentioned, because it is traditional that the goalkeeper be upright, both feet on the line. He or she may move along the line, but must not move forward or backward. Not sure where any grayness might enter the picture, unless you take into account poor work by lazy referees at all levels of the game, those who allow the ‘keeper to move forward (or sometimes backward), which is not permitted until AFTER the ball has been kicked. And one correction: The Laws of the Game are not written by FIFA. They are written by the International Football Association Board, of which FIFA is a member. FIFA publishes the Laws for all. October 13, 2014 Hello, I am a U10 coach in CA. And recently had a game where our goalie was kicked four seperate times while picking up the ball,twice in the hand, leg and chest. I got a little verble by saying how many time are they going to kick our goalie before the Ref does something. The Fef came over to me and said our goalie did not have “possession” of the ball. I replied what does that have to do with kicking the goalie. I was under the impression and have been teaching our team that if a goalie had even a finger on the ball not to kick the ball because that is putting the goalie in danger and would draw a red card. So my questions are, 1- in u10 what is the rule on kicking the ball if a goalie is touching the ball . 2- if while attempting to kick a ball that the goalie is touching but kicks the goalie instead, Is there a foul or at least a warning to that player or coach? 3- if there are multiple players directly in front of the goal from both teams all scambling and kicking the ball, during the chaos can the goalie pick the ball up if the last foot on the ball was one from his own team, Not an attentional pass. Could you give me a clear answer and give me a link in the rule book were I can reference. Answer (October 13, 2014): Coach, Answers here depend on what rules your team is playing, i.e., USYSA U10 small-sided rules, normal Laws of the Game (the rules the world plays by), or something else. For US Youth Soccer Rules (and links to the Laws of the Game and other interesting items, see http://www.usyouthsoccer.org/coaches/PolicyonPlayersandPlayingRules/ . Yes, the Laws of the Game (again, I cannot speak for any local rules) suggest that a player be sent off for kicking or attempting to kick any other player, if the act is seen as either serious foul play or violent conduct: A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off if he commits any of the following seven offences: • serious foul play • violent conduct Clearly your referee needs to see his or her optometrist very soon. Why? Because the goalkeeper is considered to be in possession of the ball if he has as few as one finger on the ball and is pinning it to any surface (ground, body, whatever). And, as you state, it makes no difference if the goalie actually has possession of the ball when he is kicked; it’s still a foul (and possible misconduct). On to your questions: 1. As above, either a direct free kick and no disciplinary action or a direct free kick and either a caution (yellow card) or send-off (red card). This is no different in U10 rules than in the Laws of the Game. 2. Usually immediate dismissal for serious foul play, followed by the direct free kick. Coaches do not receive any warnings; they either behave responsibly or are expelled for irresponsible behavior. 3. Yes. It would be a very poor referee who called this an infringement of the Laws. October 5, 2014 NOTE: I do not remember where I got this item — and for that I apologize to the source — but it seems worth publishing again to remind referees that they need to ensure that everyone on the field knows who is in charge of the game. Recently I lined an U15B game in a neighborhood complex. A visiting team player whacked the ball. It went out of play, over the fans, along the touchline, over the short chain-link fence behind the fans, over a driveway into the complex, over another short chain-link fence, and into a neighbor’s backyard. A home team player knew the drill. He ran off the field, jumped the first fence, crossed the road, and arrived at the backyard fence. The player saw a “Beware of Dogs” sign. He looked around but didn’t see any dogs. To be sure he banged on the fence just as he started to jump. Lucky for him. Lying against the back of the house in the shade was THE DOG. THE DOG was not happy. THE DOG obviously had dealt with this situation before and knew how to handle it. THE DOG growled menacingly, stood up, and stared at the player. THE DOG then walked very deliberately to the ball as he maintained eye contact. He continued growling and staring at the player. When THE DOG got to the ball, he looked down, sniffed it disgustedly, looked up, and again growled at the player. THE DOG then looked at the ball one last time, raised his hind leg, and relieved himself on the ball. He gave the player a final stare with a final contemptuous growl (looking something like a sly, cynical grin), turned around, and casually jogged back to his favorite spot in the shade. The player was momentarily stunned. With both arms raised he finally shouted to the sidelines, “I’M NOT PLAYING WITH THAT BALL!!!”. I remember THE DOG whenever I referee an older youth game. He’s even become one of my role models for player management. THE DOG stayed in the background until it was time to make his presence known. He commanded the player’s attention while he took forceful action. He used crisp mechanics to clearly communicate his decision. He received the player’s unquestioning acceptance of his decision. And he felt much better when he was finished. September 17, 2014 Player takes a throw-in, throws ball at opponent (not hard or violent) bounces off opponent, throw takes possession of ball. This was happening all game and I think thrower was intentionally doing hit. Can you help me? Answer (September17, 2014): This tactic, if performed as you describe it, is perfectly legal. U. S. Soccer’s guidance to referees is that if a throw-in taken in such a way that the ball strikes an opponent is not by itself a violation of the Law. The act must be evaluated separately as a form of striking and dealt with appropriately if judged to be unsporting behavior (caution) or violent conduct (send off from the field). In either event, if deemed a violation, the restart is located at the place where the throw-in struck the opponent. If the throw-in is deemed to have been taken incorrectly, the correct restart is a throw-in. September 6, 2014 In USSF if a second AR is not present for the game how should we proceed with the game and should we collect all the money or only the money for the center and AR1? Answer (September 6, 2014): This answer is based on USSF historical documents and the Laws of the Game. The Federation, in its infinite wisdom, appears to have ceased publishing this information, possibly using the same reasoning used by the International Football Association Board, the folks who bring us the Laws of the Game:” Everyone knows that!” Here is the appropriate extract from page 39 of the Referee Administrative Handbook (2010-11 edition): Systems of Officiating Outdoor Soccer Games The Laws of the Game recognize only one system for officiating soccer games, namely the diagonal system of control (DSC), consisting of three officials – one referee and two assistant referees. All competitions sanctioned by the U.S. Soccer Federation require the use of this officiating system. (Certain competitions will use a 4th Official.)In order to comply with the Laws of the Game which have been adopted by the National Council of U.S. Soccer, all soccer games sanctioned directly or indirectly by member organizations of the U.S. Soccer Federation must employ the diagonal system. As a matter of policy, the U.S. Soccer Referee Committee prefers the following alternatives in order of preference: 1.One Federation referee and two Federation referees1 as assistant referees (the standard ALL organizations should strive to meet). 2.One Federation referee, one Federation referee as an assistant referee and one club linesman*who is unrelated to either team and not registered as a referee. (Only if there are not enough Federation referees as stated in 1, above). 3.One Federation referee, and two club linesmen* who are unrelated to either team and not registered as referees, acting as club linesmen, (only if there are not enough Federation referees as stated in 1 or 2, above). 4.One Federation referee and two club linesmen* who are not registered Federation referees and who are affiliated with the participating teams, (only if there are not enough Federation referees as stated in 1, 2 or 3, above). 5.One Federation referee, only if there are not enough federation referees or if the club linesmen are unavailable as stated in 1, 2, 3, or 4 above and one referee is appropriate for the level of competition. Member organizations and their affiliates should make every effort to assist in recruiting officials so that enough Federation referees will be available to permit use of the diagonal officiating system for ALL of their competitions. 1 In all cases, the Assistant Referee may be Grade 12 if the game level is appropriate for that assignment* Club linesmen (not registered as Federation Referees) are limited to calling in and out of bounds only * If only two officials turn up at the field, one must be the referee (with the whistle), while the other becomes an assistant referee (outside the field with the flag). They split the field between them, but only one may make the final decisions and blow the whistle. The upshot of all this is that you must try to find at least a club linesman to work one line, who must be provided by the home team. As to pay, you should collect only the pay for the two assigned officials. The home team MUST provide the club linesman. July 7, 2014 I explain to my new/young referees that catching and parrying are deliberate actions by the keeper using his hands to control the ball and both imply control of the ball by the keeper. The flip-side is punching, slapping or pushing the ball to keep it out of the goal which is not controlling the ball. Is there a single descriptive word for that non-controlled effort to keep the ball out of the goal? So I guess I’m asking, what’s the word to use that’s opposite of parry that would imply no control or do I need to keep saying, “If the keeper punches, slaps or pushes the ball…”? Answer (July 7, 2014): The acts of punching, slapping, or pushing the ball are deliberate and must be considered variations in parrying the ball. I.e., they constitute possession. However, if there is some movement by the ‘keeper that appears to be accidental or forced by another player, whether on the ‘keeper’s team or an opponent, then the act might be considered not to involve possession.

<urn:uuid:9c27fdc3-8a35-4949-895d-75865760c841>

CC-MAIN-2016-18

http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?cat=26

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860116929.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161516-00113-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Iontaobhaithe a bhaineann le Dlí 18 Common Sense 7 Feabhra, 2016 Tá deacracht agam uaireanta ag aithint slide a chur i ngleic go Is é an bhréag i gcoinne ceann dlíthiúil. An féidir leat treoir a thabhairt dom cad ba chóir dom a lorg agus conas is féidir liom a bheith níos fearr ag glaoch ar fhall ar thacáil chrua? Uaireanta bíonn cluicheoirí ag titim mar gheall ar na hairíonna maithe, mar sin cabhair liom le do thoil leis seo. Freagra (6 Feabhra, 2016): Tagraíonn an téarma "tacáil sleamhnáin" d'iarracht an liathróid a chur ar shiúl ó na hiomaitheoirí agus é ag sleamhnú ar an talamh. Tá sé dlíthiúil go ndéantar díriú sleamhnáin, ar choinníoll go ndéantar é go sábháilte. Is é sin le rá, níl aon rud mídhleathach i dtaca le slide tackle féin - is cuma cá ndéantar é agus is cuma cén treo a thagann sé uaidh. Níor cheart do na breithiúna (agus do lucht féachana) dul i ngleic leis an téarma "slide" a bhaint. Níl aon rud maidir le "saothrú sábháilteachta an fhriotain" a chuireann teorainn leis le slide tackle. Go deimhin, má mheasann an t-arbharthóir go gcuireann an t-aistriú sábháilteacht an fhreasúraigh i mbaol, ní dhéanann sé aon difríocht má bhíonn teagmháil ann nó nach bhfuil. Ní mór don ealaíontóir a mheas an bhfuil an t-aistriú a rinne an t-aistriú eile cothrom nó an bhfuil sé neamhchúramach, neamhthromchúiseach, nó go bhfuil sé ag baint úsáide as fórsa iomarcach. Tá teagmháil a dhéanamh leis an gcomórtas roimh an liathróid agus tú ag déanamh díriú neamhcheart agus ba cheart pionós a ghearradh air. Ar an láimh eile, ní chiallaíonn an bhfíric go ndearnadh teagmháil leis an liathróid ar dtús go huathoibríoch go bhfuil an t-imreoir cothrom. Ní bhaineann an dearbhú a dhéanann imreoir go bhfuil an liathróid aige nó aici ar dtús, má dhéanann an t-imreoir, agus é ag cur isteach ar an liathróid, aon cheann de na gníomhartha toirmiscthe go neamhchúramach, go neamhthromchúiseach nó le fórsa iomarcach. Cuimhnigh nach foul é má tá an cluiche a bhfuil an liathróid a bhí i gceist aige a thit amach ansin thar chos an liathróir. Conas is féidir le hairíonna a bheith mídhleathach? Tá go leor bealaí ann ach is iad beirt de na bealaí is coitianta teagmháil a dhéanamh leis an gcomórtas ar dtús (sular teagmháil a dhéanamh leis an liathróid) agus ag bualadh ar an gcomórtas le cos uachtarach ardaithe roimh, le linn, nó tar éis teagmháil a dhéanamh leis an liathróid leis an liathróid. Ní mór do na breithiúna a bheith airdeallach agus daingean chun measúnú a dhéanamh ar aon chúl, toisc gurb é an pointe teagmhála is dóichí ná cosa níos ísle an fhriotaigh agus is limistéar leochaileach é seo. Ní mór dúinn a bheith ag brath ar agóidí 'Ach tá an liathróid agam, a threoirleach' agus ní mór dúinn a bheith ullamh chun an pionós cuí a mheas i gcás mí-iompar nuair a bhíonn sé sin de dhíth. Áirítear le "gníomhartha toirmiscthe" áirithe an cas a ardú chun an t-iomaitheoir a thriomú nó a iarracht a dhéanamh é a thriomú, an cas nó an cos eile a úsáid chun an t-iomaitheoir a thriomú nó a thriail a thriomú, an t-iomaitheoir a chornadh nó a chur i gcion, srl., srl. Is cinnte go dtiocfaidh mí-úsáidí eile den chineál sin chun cuimhne go héasca. Cuimhnigh nach bhfuil "an liathróid a fháil ar dtús" riamh a bheith absolve as cibé rud eile a d'fhéadfadh tarlú le linn nó díreach tar éis an t-aistriú. Níl aon rud mídhleathach, ina n-aonar, maidir le slideáil a dhéanamh nó an liathróid a imirt agus é ar an talamh. Ní dhéantar na gníomhartha seo a bheith ina bhfíor-bhuail saor indíreach ar a dtugtar imirt go contúirteach ( cluiche contúirteach) ach amháin má thógann an gníomh go mícheart an cluiche eile dlíthiúil an pheile ó na hiomaitheoirí (do imreoirí ar leibhéal na hóige, déantar an sainmhíniú seo a shimpliú níos mó mar ag imirt ar bhealach a mheastar a bheith contúirteach do na hiomaitheoirí). Ciallaíonn sé seo, ar a laghad, go gcaithfidh an t-iomaitheoir a bheith laistigh den limistéar contúirte a chruthaigh an t-imreoir. Is féidir leis na gníomhartha céanna a bheith ina bhfíor-bhuaillí saor-bhuailte ar a dtugtar bualadh nó iarracht a dhéanamh bualadh le haimeoir nó tripping nó iarracht a dhéanamh bualadh nó bualadh le haimeoir chun an liathróid a fháil ach amháin má bhí teagmháil leis an gcomharsa nó, i dtuairim an ealaíontóra, bhí an t-aingeall iallach air freagairt chun an bualadh nó an turas a sheachaint. Féadfaidh an réititheoir a bheith ag tabhairt rabhaidh do imreoirí faoi ghníomhartha amhrasacha ar an talamh, ach is annamh a chuirfeadh sé rabhadh ar imreoir mura raibh an gníomh go hearrfach. 15 Samhain, 2015 Sula dtéann an liathróid isteach sa sprioc ó lámhaigh imreoir ionsaitheach, téann lucht féachana isteach sa réimse cluiche agus sroichann sé an liathróid go héasca lena lámh ach ní éiríonn leis an sprioc a stopadh. Cad ba cheart don ealaíontóir a chinneadh? Freagra (15 Samhain, 2015): I gcásanna den sórt sin, ní mór don ealaíontóir na treoirlínte a leanas a leanúint ar leathanach 66 de na Rialacha Sa chluiche: Aon duine nach bhfuil ar an liosta foirne mar imreoir, mar imreoir malartaithe nó mar oifigeach foirne, meastar gur gníomhaire lasmuigh é, mar atá le himreoir a cuireadh amach. Má théann gníomhaire seachtrach isteach sa réimse: • ní mór don ealaíontóir an cluiche a stopadh (cé nach féidir é a stopadh láithreach mura gcuireann an t-oibrí seachtrach isteach ar an gcluiche) • ní mór don ealaíontóir a bheith ag déanamh an fhadhb • má chuireann an t-aisteoir stad ar an gcluiche, ní mór dó an cluiche a athchraoladh le liathróid thit ón suíomh a raibh an liathróid nuair a cuireadh deireadh leis an gcluiche, mura raibh an cluiche stopadh laistigh den limistéar sprioc, agus sa chás sin cuireann an t-aisteoir an liathróid ar líne an limistéir sprioc atá cothrom le líne an sprioc ag an bpointe is gaire don áit a raibh an liathróid nuair a cuireadh deireadh leis an gcluiche I do chás, éilíonn an tAcht 3 go gcinnfidh an t-ealaíontóir an bhfuil an ghníomhaire lasmuigh - anseo an lucht féachana - tar éis cur isteach i ndáiríre ar an gcluiche. Ní féidir leis an ealaíontóir a bheith ag iarraidh an t-am a bheidh sé ag imirt a chinneadh ach amháin má tá sé ag imirt i gceart. 20 Iúil, 2015 Sláinte agus Slándáil na Réiteora Mar chuid de thiomantas Chéad Chluiche Mheiriceá ar shláinte agus sábháilteacht, d'ullmhaigh ár saineolaithe leighis agus ealaíontóirí na moltaí seo a leanas don phobal ealaíontóirí agus chuir siad isteach iad iár n-ábhar oideachais ealaíontóirí. Ar mhaithe le sláinte agus sábháilteacht, molann US Soccer go ndéanfaidh oifigigh an chluiche na treoirlínte seo a leanas maidir le cúram craicinn: • Smaoinigh ar chriosáin ghrianchloine a chaitheamh go laethúil ar limistéir a bhfuil an craiceann nochtaithe. • Cuir fachtóir cosanta craiceann (SPF) de 30 nó níos mó i bhfeidhm 15 nóiméad sula mbeidh tú nochtaithe don ghrian. • Ath-iarscríobh gach 2 uair an chloig ar a laghad nó níos minice má tá an iomarca sweating. • Bain leas as an leath-am chun iarratas a dhéanamh arís. • Smaoinigh ar lámha fada a chaitheamh (nó éadaí cosanta UV) más infheidhme le linn tréimhsí ard nochtaithe sa ghrian. • Déan athbhreithniú tréimhsiúil (aon uair sa bhliain) ar an gcraiceann nochtaithe le haghaidh aon athruithe nó fás agus téigh i gcomhairle le do dhochtúir nó le do dhochtúir craiceann. • Is féidir caipíní a chaitheamh chomh fada is nach gcuireann an caipín sábháilteacht an oifigeach nó na n-imreoirí i mbaol. • Ba cheart go mbeadh an caipín comhsheasmhach le héide an riarthóra agus ní ba cheart go mbeadh sé i gcoinne dathanna an éide a chaitheann aon fhoireann. • Ní féidir aon mharc nó lógó tráchtála a bheith ar an gcnapán. 13 Bealtaine, 2015 Bhí shoot pK amach mo fhoireann deireadh seachtaine seo caite. Chuir an t-airdre an liathróid ar an marc. Chuaigh muid ar dtús agus bhog mo imreoir an liathróid mar bhí sé i mbosca ach d'fhág sé ar an marc. Chuaigh an t-aibí ar ais go dtí an liathróid thóg sé suas agus d'fhéach sé a bhrú níos deacra fós sa phointe bunaidh. An bhfuil cead ag an bpríomh-réitire an liathróid a bhogadh nó a chur, cé go bhfuil sé ar an marc? Is léir go raibh sé ag cur isteach ar mo chluiche. An réitigh a rinne an liathróid gach uair amháin tar éis sin chomh maith mar sin ar a laghad bhí sé comhsheasmhach. Freagra (13 Bealtaine, 2015): Ní mór an liathróid a chur ar chuid éigin den phointe/de na marcanna. Is féidir é a bhogadh chun poill nó uisce a sheachaint. Is é an t-aon srianta ná nach féidir an liathróid a bhogadh níos gaire don líne sprioc ná an láthair féin. Mar is maith liom a rá, déanann roinnt breithiúna ró-mhór orthu féin agus ní cuimhin leo nach cluiche na breithiúna é, is leis na himreoirí é. 23 Eanáir, 2015 Nóta: Foilsíodh an t-alt seo in 2002 le toiliú iomlán Chónaidhm Chluiche Peile na Stát Aontaithe. Ní féidir liom a rá go bhfuil sé ceadaithe fós, ach is bealach maith é a iniúchadh nuair a bhíonn gá le feistí próitéiseacha do imreoir. Chuir mé amach é an tseachtain seo caite mar fhreagra ar cheist den chineál céanna ó thuismitheoir imreoir. Beidh an cinneadh deiridh i gcónaí ag an ealaíontóir, is cuma cé eile a d'fhéadfadh a cheadú. An féidir le himreoir cos titanium nó feiste próitéiseach eile a chaitheamh agus é ag imirt peile? Freagra (18 Eanáir 2015): Is é an chéad imní atá ag an mBord Cumann Peile Idirnáisiúnta (IFAB) i dLá 4 An t-Earraí Imreoirí sábháilteacht imreoirí: Slándáil: Ní mór do imreoir trealamh a úsáid nó aon rud a chaitheamh atá contúirteach dó féin nó do imreoir eile (lena n-áirítear aon chineál jewelry). Liostaíonn an IFAB ansin trealamh éigeantach bunúsach imreoirí: léine nó léine, gearrthóga, stocaí, shinguards, agus bróga. Ní chuimsítear cosanna saorga agus feistí próitéiseacha eile sa liosta. Ní cheadaíonn ná ní dhiúltaíonn Cónaidhm Chluiche Peile na Stát Aontaithe (USSF) do chaitheamh cosanna saorga nó gléasanna próitéiseacha den sórt sin, agus glacann sí an seasamh nach bhfuil an cinneadh seo lasmuigh d'údarás agus de inniúlacht USSF. Léiríonn an cleachtas agus an úsáid nár smaoinigh an F.A. Idirnáisiúnta riamh ar chosanna saorga nó feistí próitéiseacha eile a úsáid ag imreoirí. Tá an t-amhrán seo ag brath ar an gcluiche, ach tá an cás analógach leis an gcluiche a bhíonn ag imreoir a bhfuil cúlchiste nó cos cnámh aige (nuair a bhíonn sé páistí go cuí chun contúirtí a sheachaint do dhaoine eile). Ní mheastar gur cás a chuireann beatha i mbaol é a bheith ag déanamh díobhála nó ag athdhéanamh ar chomhalta, agus glactar leis go coitianta de réir an chustaim agus an chleachtais. Ní mór don réititheoir aonair ceanglais dhlí 4 agus spiorad na dhlí a chur san áireamh nuair a bhíonn sé ag breithniú an bhfuil sé sábháilte cos saorga nó feiste próitéiseach a chaitheamh sa chluiche a bhfuil sé nó sí le réitigh. Féadfaidh an Cumann Náisiúnta Stáit cead a thabhairt do chluicheoirí cosa saorga a bheith á gcodladh go cuí nó feistí próitéiseacha a chaitheamh má chomhlíontar na ceanglais seo a leanas: 1. an t-am a bhí ann. Ní mór don imreoir (nó do thuismitheoirí imreoir faoi 21 bliain d'aois) foirm scaoilte a shíniú lena ndeirtear go bhfuil an t-imreoir/a thuismitheoirí ar an eolas faoi na rioscaí a bhaineann leis an imreoir/an leanbh ag imirt peile faoi choinníollacha a shláinte. 2. Seachadadh. Ní mór do dhochtúir an imreoir scaoileadh a shíniú ag rá go bhféadfaidh an t-imreoir spórt teagmhála mar pheil a imirt agus an feiste á chaitheamh aige. 3. Tá an t-am ann. Is é an t-imreoir (agus tuismitheoirí, má tá an t-imreoir faoi bhun na bliana d'aois) amháin atá freagrach as a chinntiú go bhfuil an feiste á chaitheamh de réir mar a éilíonn pearsanra leighis. Níor cheart go mbeadh sé de dhualgas ar chóitseálaí, ar stiúrthóir comórtais, ar ársa, ná ar dhuine ar bith eile féachaint go ndéanfar é seo, ná níor cheart an cóitseálaí, an stiúrthóir comórtais, an ársa, ná aon duine eile a bheith freagrach mura ndéantar é agus go dtagann díobháil. 4. Tá an t-am Tá an t-airdre i ngach cás an cinneadh deiridh maidir le ligean don imreoir páirt a ghlacadh nó nach bhfuil. Ní mór do fhoireann an imreoir cóipeanna de scaoileadh an imreoir/a thuismitheoirí agus dochtúir a bheith aige agus cóip den scaoileadh ón gCumann Náisiúnta Stáit (a shínigh an t-uachtarán, leas-uachtarán don chomórtas iomchuí, agus an cláróir). Mar a luaitear thuas, is leis an mbreitheamh aonair an cinneadh deiridh a dhéanamh an t-imreoir a ligean páirt a ghlacadh. 18 Samhain, 2014 Má tá imreoir ó Threas A gortaithe agus má tá sé á chur in ionad, an féidir le Team B a chur in ionad ag an am sin freisin? Más amhlaidh, an bhfuil líon teoranta imreoirí is féidir a chur in ionad? Freagra (18 Samhain 2014): Q. Is é an t-am. 1: Sea. Q. Is é an t-am. 2: Féach thíos. Faoi na Rialacha an Ghréasáin, tá na nósanna imeachta seo a leanas i bhfeidhm: I ngach cluiche, ní mór ainmneacha na n-athsholáthraithe a thabhairt don réimeoir roimh thús an chluiche. Ní fhéadfaidh aon ionadóir nach bhfuil a ainm tugtha don riarthóir ag an am seo páirt a ghlacadh sa chluiche. Chun imreoir a athsholáthar le haislíne, ní mór na coinníollacha seo a leanas a urramú: • ní mór an réimeoir a chur ar an eolas sula ndéantar aon athsholáthar beartaithe • ní théann an t-ionadóir isteach sa réimse ach amháin tar éis don imreoir a bhfuil a ionadú á dhéanamh aige é a fhágáil agus tar éis dó comhartha a fháil ón ealaíontóir • ní théann an t-ionadóir isteach sa réimse ach ag an lárlíne agus LE DÉANAMHAS SA MÁIT • tá an t-athrú críochnaithe nuair a thagann ionad isteach sa réimse • ón nóiméad sin, bíonn an t-ionadóir ina imreoir agus bíonn an t-imreoir a chuir sé ina ionad ina imreoir a chur ina ionad • ní ghlacann an t-imreoir a cuireadh in ionad an cluiche a thuilleadh • tá gach malartach faoi réir údarás agus dhlínse an réimeora, cibé acu a ghlaoitear air imirt nó nach ea Agus ó chúl an leabhair, faoi Éagmhínithe ar Dlíthe an Ghréasáin agus Treoirlínte do Réitigh, Dlíthe 3: • Ní fhéadfar ionadú a dhéanamh ach amháin le linn stad sa chluiche • Léiríonn an leas-réitire go bhfuil iarradh ar athsholáthar • Faigheann an t-imreoir atá á chur in ionad cead an riara chun an réimse cluiche a fhágáil, mura bhfuil sé cheana féin lasmuigh den réimse cluiche ar chúiseanna a chomhlíonann Rialacha an Chluich • Tugann an riarthóir cead don ionadóir dul isteach sa réimse cluiche • Sula dtéann an t-ionadóir isteach sa réimse, fanann sé go bhfágfaidh an t-imreoir atá á chur ina ionad an réimse • Ní gá don imreoir atá á chur in ionad an páirc a fhágáil ar an líne leathbhealaigh • Féadfar cead a thabhairt chun dul ar aghaidh le haislíocht a dhiúltú i gcúinsí áirithe, e.g. mura bhfuil an t-ionadóir réidh chun dul isteach sa réimse • Ní féidir le malartach nach bhfuil críochnaithe aige leis an nós imeachta malartaithe trí chos a chur ar an bpáirc chluiche a athshocrú ag glacadh le caitheamh isteach nó le cúl • Má dhiúltaíonn imreoir atá ar tí a chur ina ionad é a fhágáil ar an bpáirc, leanann an cluiche ar aghaidh • Má dhéantar ionadú le linn an leath-ama nó roimh an am breise, ní mór an nós imeachta a chríochnú sula dtosaíonn an dara leath nó an t-am breise Mar a fheiceann tú ó na luachan seo, níl aon teorainn ar líon na n-imreoirí is féidir a chur in ionad. Cuimhnigh, áfach, nár scríobhadh an ghné áirithe seo den chur in ionad chun an córas de chur in ionad ilbhliantúil a fheicimid i go leor comórtais a mheas. 19 Deireadh Fómhair, 2014 Dlí- 14 phéinteáil. An Cúlchláraitheoir Cosanta Mar a luaitear i rialacha FIFA An gealaí cosanta: • ní mór dó fanacht ar a líne sprioc, os comhair an chlé, idir na póstaí sprioc go dtí go mbeidh an liathróid crathadh. Is é mo cheist an bhfuil an garda a choinneáil ar chuid de a chorp ar an líne go dtí go bhfuil an liathróid chorn? Nó an gcaithfidh an cúlra an dá chos a choinneáil ar an líne go dtí go ndéantar an liathróid a chornadh? Ceadaítear do choimeádtóirí bogadh ó thaobh go taobh ionas nach gá go mbeadh na cosa ar an líne sprioc. B'fhéidir go mbaineann an cheist seo leis an eitleán a bheith briste. Nuair a bhíonn sé ag féachaint ar aon chluiche gairmiúil is cosúil go bhfuil cead ag an gcúlra bogadh ar aghaidh chomh fada agus a bhíonn cuid den chorp ar an líne sprioc sa phláinéid idir na postais sprioc. Táim ag lorg soiléiriú ar an riail seo mar go bhfuil réimsí liath agam maidir leis na rialacha. Freagra (15 Deireadh Fómhair 2014): Mar a thug tú faoi deara, deir an Dlí dúinn go gcaithfidh an geansaí cosanta fanacht ar a líne sprioc, os comhair an kicker, idir na postais go dtí go mbeidh an liathróid curtha. Leathchuid níos déanaí ar an dlí 14, i gcúl an leabhair dlí faoi Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees, athdhéanann sé go gcaithfidh an t-ealaíontóir a dhearbhú, sula ndéantar an phionós, go bhfuil an cúlchóir ar líne an chúl idir na postais agus ag tabhairt aghaidh ar an gcúiteoir. Má sháraíonn an geallaire na treoracha seo, féadfar an cíos a ghlacadh; áfach, má théann an liathróid isteach sa sprioc, tugtar an sprioc. Mura dtéann an liathróid isteach sa sprioc, déantar an cíos a athghabháil. Chun do cheist a fhreagairt go sonrach, ní mór don gheallaire fanacht ar an líne. Ní luaitear aon chuid áirithe den chorp, toisc go bhfuil sé traidisiúnta go mbeadh an geataire ar bun, an dá chos ar an líne. Féadfaidh sé nó sí bogadh ar feadh an líne, ach ní mór dó dul ar aghaidh ná ar ais. Níl mé cinnte cá bhféadfaí aon greyness a chur isteach sa phictiúr, mura gcuireann tú i gcuntas droch-obair ag ársaí leisce ag gach leibhéal den chluiche, iad siúd a ligeann don keeper bogadh ar aghaidh (nó uaireanta ar ais), nach gceadaítear go dtí tar éis an liathróid a bheith crathadh. Agus ceartú amháin: Ní FIFA a scríobh na Rialacha Cluiche. Scríobhann an Bord Idirnáisiúnta Chumann Peile iad, arb é FIFA ball de. Foilsíonn an FIFA na dLeice do chách. 13 Deireadh Fómhair, 2014 Dia duit, tá mé ag U10 oiliúnóir i CA. Agus le déanaí bhí cluiche nuair a bhí ár goalkeeper chornadh ceithre huaire ar leithligh agus a bhailiú an liathróid, dhá uair sa lámh, cos agus cófra. Fuair mé beagán verble ag rá cé mhéad uair a bhfuil siad ag dul chun a chur ar ár goalman sula ndéanann an Ref rud éigin. Tháinig an Fef chugam agus dúirt sé nach raibh an liathróid ag ár gcolún. D'fhreagair mé cad a dhéanann go bhfuil a dhéanamh leis an kicking an goalie. Bhí mé faoi an tuiscint agus tá mé ag múineadh ár bhfoireann go má bhí an geata fiú amháin a mhéar ar an liathróid nach chun an liathróid a chothú toisc go bhfuil sé ag cur an geata i mbaol agus a tharraingt cárta dearg. Mar sin is iad mo cheisteanna, 1- sa U10 cad é an riail maidir le peil a chothú má tá goalóir ag teagmháil leis an liathróid . 2- má bhíonn sé ag iarraidh liathróid a bhuail an cúlra a bhuail an cúlra ach goil an cúlra ina ionad sin, An bhfuil mí-úsáid nó ar a laghad rabhadh don imreoir nó don chóitseálaí sin? 3- má tá imreoirí iomadúla díreach os comhair an chúlra ó gach foireann ag scambling agus ag cíosadh an liathróid, le linn an chaos an féidir leis an gcolún an liathróid a phiocadh suas má bhí an chos deireanach ar an liathróid ar dhuine as a fhoireann féin, Ní pas aird. An féidir leat freagra soiléir a thabhairt dom agus nasc a thabhairt dom sa leabhar rialacháin ar féidir liom tagairt a dhéanamh dó? Freagra (13 Deireadh Fómhair 2014): Coach, freagraí anseo ag brath ar cad rialacha do fhoireann ag imirt, ie, USYSA U10 rialacha beag-taobh, gnáth-dhlíthe an chluiche (an rialacha an domhan ag imirt ag), nó rud éigin eile. Maidir le Rialacha Peile Óige na Stát Aontaithe (agus naisc leis na Rialacha an Ghréasáin agus le míreanna spéisiúla eile, féach http://www.usyouthsoccer.org/coaches/PolicyonPlayersandPlayingRules/ . Sea, molann Rialacha an Ghréasáin (arís, ní féidir liom labhairt ar son aon rialacha áitiúla) go gcuirfear imreoir amach as an gcluiche as imreoir eile a chothú nó iarracht a dhéanamh í a chothú, má fheictear an gníomh mar ghníomh tromchúiseach nó mar iompar foréigneach: Cuirtear imreoir, imreoir malartaithe nó imreoir malartaithe as an gcluiche má dhéanann sé aon cheann de na seacht gcion seo a leanas: • mí-chleachtas tromchúiseach • iompar foréigneach Is léir go gcaithfidh do réitigh a shúil-eolaí nó a shúil-eolaí a fheiceáil go luath. Cén fáth? Toisc go meastar go bhfuil an liathróid i seilbh an gheallaire má tá uimhir amháin de mhéar aige ar an liathróid agus má tá sé ag cur é ar aon dromchla (talún, corp, cibé rud). Agus, mar a deir tú, ní dhéanann sé aon difríocht má tá an cúlchistí i seilbh an liathróid i ndáiríre nuair a bhíonn sé ag cíos; tá sé fós ina bhréag (agus mí-iompar féideartha). Ar aghaidh chuig do cheisteanna: 1. an t-am a bhí ann. Mar a tharla thuas, nó saorchluiche díreach agus gan aon ghníomhaíocht araíonachta nó saorchluiche díreach agus nó rabhadh (cárta buí) nó seoladh amach (cárta dearg). Níl aon difríocht idir rialacha U10 agus Rialacha an Ghréasáin. 2. Seachadadh. De ghnáth, dífhostú láithreach le haghaidh droch-imirt thromchúiseach, agus ansin an scipeáil shaor díreach. Ní fhaightear aon rabhadh ó chóitseálaithe; ní mór dóibh iompar freagrach a bheith acu nó tá siad tar éis iad a dhíbirt as iompar neamhfhreagrach. 3. Tá an t-am ann. Sea, tá. Bheadh sé ina réititheoir an-dhorcha é a d'iarr sé seo a shárú na dTreoracha. 5 Deireadh Fómhair, 2014 Nóta: Ní cuimhin liom cá bhfuair mé an t-alt seo agus as sin tá brón orm don fhoinse ach is cosúil gur fiú é a fhoilsiú arís chun a mheabhrú do na breithiúna go gcaithfidh siad a chinntiú go bhfuil a fhios ag gach duine ar an bpáirc cé atá i gceannas ar an gcluiche. Le déanaí rinne mé líneáil ar chluiche U15B i gcómhleas ceantair. Bhuail imreoir foirne a bhí ar cuairte an liathróid. D'imigh sé as an gcluiche, thar na lucht leanúna, ar feadh an líne teagmhála, thar an fál gearr-cheangail taobh thiar de na lucht leanúna, thar chosán isteach sa choimpléasc, thar fál gearr-cheangail eile, agus isteach i gcúlchóir an chomharsa. Bhí a fhios ag imreoir foirne baile an druileáil. D'eitil sé as an réimse, léim sé an chéad fál, thrasnaigh sé an bóthar, agus tháinig sé ar an fál cúlchúrsa. Chonaic an t-imreoir comhartha "Beware of Dogs". D'fhéach sé timpeall ach níor chonaic sé aon madraí. Chun a bheith cinnte go raibh sé banged ar an fál díreach mar a thosaigh sé léim. Sásta dó. Ag luí i gcoinne an chúl an tí sa scáth bhí an madra. B'ÍOS an madra. B'FÉIDIR go raibh an madra i ngleic leis an staid seo roimhe seo agus go raibh a fhios aige conas é a láimhseáil. GRUAGHA an madra go bagairt, sheas suas, agus stánadh ar an imreoir. An DOG ansin shiúil go mór go ciallmhar go dtí an liathróid agus é ag coinneáil teagmháil súl. Lean sé ag grunting agus ag stánadh ar an imreoir. Nuair a fuair an madra ar an liathróid, d'fhéach sé síos, sniffed sé disgustedly, d'fhéach sé suas, agus arís growled ar an imreoir. D'fhéach an madra ansin ar an liathróid uair dheireanach, d'ardaigh sé a chos chúl, agus d'éirigh sé as an liathróid. Thug sé an t-imreoir stánadh deiridh le growl scornach deiridh (ag breathnú rud éigin cosúil le sneaky, grin cynical), chas sé ar ais, agus leisciúil jogged ar ais go dtí a chuid is fearr leat áit sa scáth. Bhí an t-imreoir stunned ar feadh nóiméad. Le dhá lámh ardaithe, ghlaoigh sé ar deireadh go dtí an taobh, "NÍL M'ÁIR LE SÉ AN BALL!! ! . Cuimhním ar an madra gach uair a dhéanaim réitigh ar chluiche óige níos sine. Tá sé ina cheann de mo múnlaí ról i mbainistíocht imreoirí. D'FÉIG an madra ar chúl go dtí go raibh sé in am a láithreacht a chur in iúl. D'ordaigh sé aird an imreoir agus é ag gníomhú go láidir. D'úsáid sé meicnic chróite chun a chinneadh a chur in iúl go soiléir. Fuair sé glacadh gan cheist ag an imreoir lena chinneadh. Agus mhothaigh sé i bhfad níos fearr nuair a bhí sé críochnaithe. 17 Meán Fómhair, 2014 Glacann an t-imreoir a chaitheamh isteach, cuireann sé an liathróid ar an gcomórtas (ní crua nó foréigneach) bounceann sé ar an gcomórtas, cuireann sé an liathróid i seilbh. Bhí sé seo ag tarlú an cluiche agus sílim go raibh an t-airgeadóir ag déanamh buille go ciallmhar. An féidir leat cabhrú liom? Freagra (17.9.2014): Tá an tactic, má dhéantar mar a thuairiscigh tú é, go hiomlán dlíthiúil. Is é treoir US Soccer do ríthe ná mura ndéantar an t-aistriú a dhéanamh ar bhealach go mbuaileann an liathróid opponent ní shárú an Dlí é. Ní mór an gníomh a mheas go leithleach mar chineál buailte agus déileáil leis go cuí má mheasfar gur iompar neamh-spórtúil é (caomhnú) nó iompar foréigneach (seoladh as an réimse). I gcás ar bith, má mheastar gur sárú é, suitear an athfhostú san áit a bhuail an caith isteach an t-aicme. Má mheasann an t-ath-tharraingt go ndearnadh an t-ath-tharraingt a dhéanamh go mícheart, is ath-tharraingt é an t-ath-tharraingt ceart. 6 Meán Fómhair, 2014 I USSF mura bhfuil an dara AR i láthair don chluiche conas ba cheart dúinn dul ar aghaidh leis an gcluiche agus ba cheart dúinn a bhailiú an t-airgead go léir nó amháin an t-airgead don lár agus AR1? Freagra (Meán Fómhair 6, 2014): Tá an freagra seo bunaithe ar dhoiciméid stairiúla USSF agus ar Dlíthe an Ghráma. Is cosúil go bhfuil an Chónaidhm, ina eagna gan teorainn, tar éis stop a chur leis an bhfaisnéis seo a fhoilsiú, agus is dócha go bhfuil an réasúnaíocht chéanna á úsáid ag an mBord Idirnáisiúnta Chumann Peile, na daoine a thugann dúinn Dlíthe an Ghréasáin: Seo an sliocht cuí ó leathanach 39 den Leabharlainne Riaracháin na Réitigh (eagrán 2010-2011): Córais um Chluiche Peile a Oifigeáil lasmuigh Ní aithníonn na Rialacha Cluiche ach córas amháin le haghaidh cluichí peile a rialú, is é sin an córas rialaithe diagonal (DSC), atá comhdhéanta de thrí oifigeach réitigh amháin agus dhá chúntóir réitigh. Éilíonn gach comórtas a cheadaíonn Chónaidhm Chluiche Peile na Stát Aontaithe an córas oifige seo a úsáid. (Bainfidh comórtais áirithe úsáid as 4ú Oifigeach. Chun na Rialacha Cluiche a chomhlíonadh a ghlac Comhairle Náisiúnta Chóis Fodbal na Stát Aontaithe, ní mór do gach cluiche peile a cheadaíonn eagraíochtaí ball de Chónaidhm Chóis Fodála na Stát Aontaithe go díreach nó go hindíreach an córas déagóra a úsáid. Mar ábhar polasaí, is fearr le Coiste Reifreála Sócair na Stát Aontaithe na roghanna eile seo a leanas in ord tosaíochta: 1.Rífrí amháin ón gCónaidhm agus dhá riarthóir ón gCónaidhm1 mar riarthóirí cúnta (an caighdeán ba cheart do gach eagraíocht iarracht a dhéanamh a chomhlíonadh). 2.Rífrí amháin ón gCónaidhm, riar amháin ón gCónaidhm mar riar cúnta agus líneóir amháin de chuid an chlub* nach bhfuil baint aige le haon fhoireann agus nach bhfuil cláraithe mar riar. (Níl ach amháin mura bhfuil go leor breithiúna de chuid na Cónaidhme ann mar a luaitear in 1, thuas). 3.Rífrí amháin ón gCónaidhm, agus beirt lucht loingseoireachta cluba* nach bhfuil baint acu le haon fhoireann agus nach bhfuil cláraithe mar ríthe, ag gníomhú mar lucht loingseoireachta cluba, (níl ach amháin mura bhfuil go leor riarthóirí ón gCónaidhm mar a luaitear in 1 nó 2 thuas). 4.Ríotóir amháin ón gCónaidhm agus beirt lucht líne an chlub* nach bhfuil cláraithe mar rítirí ón gCónaidhm agus atá cleamhnaithe leis na foirne rannpháirteacha, (níl ach amháin mura bhfuil go leor rítirí ón gCónaidhm mar a luaitear in 1, 2 nó 3 thuas). 5.Ríomhairí de chuid an Chónaidhm amháin, ach amháin mura bhfuil go leor riarthóirí de chuid na gcónaidhme ann nó mura bhfuil na línteoirí cluba ar fáil mar a luaitear in 1, 2, 3 nó 4 thuas agus má tá riarthóir amháin oiriúnach do leibhéal na hiomaíochta. Ba cheart do na heagraíochtaí ball agus dá gcomhpháirtithe gach iarracht a dhéanamh chun cabhrú le hoifigigh a earcú ionas go mbeidh go leor smachtbhannaí Cónaidhme ar fáil chun úsáid an chórais smachtbhanna diagainil a cheadú le haghaidh a gcuid comórtais UILE. 1 I ngach cás, féadfaidh an t-aisteoir a bheith Grád 12 má tá an leibhéal cluiche oiriúnach don tasc sin* Tá líneálaithe an chlub (nach bhfuil cláraithe mar Aisteoirí an Chónaidhm) teoranta do ghlao isteach agus amach as na teorainneacha amháin * Má thagann ach dhá oifigeach ar an bpáirc, ní mór don duine a bheith ina réimeoir (le an síoráin), agus is é an duine eile a bhíonn ina cúntóir réimeora (sa chúl na páirce leis an bhratach). Roinneann siad an réimse eatarthu, ach ní féidir ach amháin ceann amháin na cinntí deiridh a dhéanamh agus an síol a bhualadh. Is é an toradh ar seo go léir ná go gcaithfidh tú iarracht a dhéanamh líneóir club a fháil ar a laghad chun líne amháin a oibriú, a chaithfidh an fhoireann baile a sholáthar. Maidir leis an íocaíocht, ní ba chóir duit ach pá an dá oifigeach a ceapadh a bhailiú. Ní mór don fhoireann baile an líne-chluiche a chur ar fáil don chlub. 7 Iúil, 2014 Míním do mo réitigh nua/óige go bhfuil gabháil agus parrying gníomhartha d'aon ghnó ag an gcúlra ag úsáid a lámha chun an liathróid a rialú agus go gcuireann an dá cheann smacht ar an liathróid ag an gcúlra. Is é an flip-side punching, slapping nó brú a chur ar an liathróid chun é a choinneáil amach as an gclós nach bhfuil an liathróid á rialú aige. An bhfuil focal amháin ann a thugann cur síos ar an iarracht neamhriaraithe sin an liathróid a choinneáil amach as an gcol? Mar sin, is dócha go bhfuil mé ag iarraidh, cad é an focal a úsáid go bhfuil i gcoinne parry a bheadh a léiriú aon smacht nó ní mór dom a choinneáil ag rá, "Má tá an cúlraí punches, slaps nó brú an liathróid...?" Freagra (Iúil 7, 2014): Tá na gníomhartha chun an liathróid a phuncháil, a slapping, nó a bhrú go rúnda agus ní mór iad a mheas mar athruithe ar an liathróid a phárú. Is é sin, is sealbhóir iad. Mar sin féin, má tá roinnt gluaiseacht ag an caipéir a bhfuil an chuma air go bhfuil sé neamhchinnte nó é a fhorchur ag imreoir eile, cibé acu ar an caipéir fhoireann nó opponent, ansin d'fhéadfadh an gníomh a mheas nach bhfuil a bheith i gceist le seilbh.

Young Goodman Brown It is a short story published in 1835. The story was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The plot takes place in Puritan New England. Hawthorne describes the main protagonist’s inner struggle to maintain his religious faith. SUMMARY-Young Goodman Brown Goodman Brown bids farewell to his beautiful wife Faith. She asks him to stay with her because she is afraid to be alone. Goodman tells her that he will be away for just one night. She must remember to say her prayers and to go to bed early if she does this no harm will come. Goodman thinks that his wife has guessed the evil purpose of his travel because he promised her that after this night he will be a better man. Goodman is on his way through murky forest looking around. He is scared because he thinks there might be Indians or the devil himself. Soon, he meets a man. He says hello to Goodman like he was expecting him. The man looks normal. He is wearing some regular clothes except for one thing: his walking stick. It features a carved serpent which is so authentic that it looks like it is alive. The man offers the walking stick to Goodman saying that he will walk faster and easier. Goodman refuses the offer. He says that he agreed to come to their meeting but he will not touch the stick and he wants to return home as soon as possible. Goodman tells the man that his family members are very good Christians for generations and that he does not want to be associated with them. The man tells him that he knew his grandfather and father and the governor and the members of churches. These words confused Goodman. He says to the man that he wants to return back to his wife Faith. In that moment, an old limping woman came. The man and Goodman recognized her, it was Goody Cloyse. She was respected and pious woman in the village. Goodman tries to hide because he is embarrassed to be seen with the man. But the man taps Goody on the shoulder. Goody recognizes him as the devil and she reveals herself as a witch. She was on the way to the sinful forest ceremony. In spite of Goody’s revelation, Goodman still wants to return home to Faith. The man says to Goodman to rest a little bit. He gives him his stick before he disappears. The man tells him that he is free to use the stick to get to forest faster. Goodman sits and hears the horses approaching. He hides. Goodman hears some voices. He recognizes the voice of the minister of the church and the voice of Deacon Gookin. Goodman is shocked. He promises to himself that he will stay true to God for Faith’s sake. He will not go to the forest ceremony. But he hears another voice. It is Faith’s voice. Surely, there is no good in the world because Faith has turned to evil. In that moment, he grabs the stick which pulls him quickly to the ceremony. He reaches the spot where the ceremony is taking place. The trees around the ceremony are on fire. Thanks to fire, he can recognize some of the people, all the respected members of his community. But Goodman cannot see where Faith is. He is hoping she is not there.

<urn:uuid:047fd42b-c276-42af-9e3e-27e8c35b9242>

CC-MAIN-2018-51

https://yourbookreports.com/young-goodman-brown-nathaniel-hawthorne/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823322.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210101954-20181210123454-00281.warc.gz

en

Goodman Brown Óg Is scéal gearr é a foilsíodh i 1835. Scríobh Nathaniel Hawthorne an scéal. Tarlaíonn an plota i Sasana Nua Púrtaineach. Déanann Hawthorne cur síos ar an bpríomh-phrótagánach a streachailt inmheánach chun a chreideamh reiligiúnach a choinneáil. SÓCHTÁIL - Goodman Brown Óg Goodman Brown bids adieu a bhean chéile álainn Faith. Iarrann sí air fanacht léi mar go bhfuil eagla uirthi a bheith ina n-aonar. Deir Goodman léi nach mbeidh sé ar shiúl ach ar feadh oíche amháin. Ní mór di cuimhneamh a rá a n-príosanna agus dul a chodladh go luath más rud é go ndéanann sí é seo ní bheidh aon dochar teacht. Goodman cheapann go bhfuil a bhean chéile a guessed an cuspóir olc a chuid taistil toisc gur gheall sé di go tar éis an oíche seo beidh sé ina fear níos fearr. Goodman ar a bhealach trí foraoise dorcha ag breathnú timpeall. Tá eagla air toisc go gceapann sé go bhféadfadh Indians nó an diabhal féin a bheith ann. Go luath, buaileann sé le fear. Deir sé hello go Goodman mar a bhí sé ag súil leis. Breathnaíonn an fear gnáth. Tá roinnt éadaí rialta aige ach amháin rud amháin: a chnámh coise. Tá nathair chléite aici atá chomh barántúil go bhfuil an chuma air go bhfuil sí beo. Tugann an fear an bata coise do Goodman ag rá go rachaidh sé níos tapúla agus níos éasca. Diúltaíonn Goodman an tairiscint. Deir sé gur aontaigh sé teacht ar a gcruinniú ach nach mbeidh sé ag baint leis an mbosca agus gur mhaith leis filleadh abhaile chomh luath agus is féidir. Deir Goodman leis an bhfear go bhfuil baill a theaghlaigh ina gCríostaithe an-mhaith le glúine agus nach dteastaíonn uaidh bheith bainteach leo. Deir an fear leis go raibh aithne aige ar a sheanathair agus ar a athair agus ar an ghobharnóir agus ar na baill eaglaisí. Chuir na focail seo mearbhall ar Goodman. Deir sé leis an bhfear gur mhaith leis filleadh ar ais chuig a bhean chéile Faith. Ag an nóiméad sin, tháinig bean d'aois limping. An fear agus Goodman aitheanta í, bhí sé Goody Cloyse. Bhí sí ina bhean meas agus pious sa sráidbhaile. Déanann Goodman iarracht é a cheilt toisc go bhfuil náire air a bheith le feiceáil leis an bhfear. Ach tá an fear tapes Goody ar an ghualainn. Goody aithníonn sé mar an diabhal agus nochtann sí í féin mar witch. Bhí sí ar an mbealach go dtí an searmanas foraoise pheacach. In ainneoin nochta Goody, tá Goodman fós ag iarraidh filleadh abhaile chuig Faith. Deir an fear go Goodman chun scíth a ligean beagán. Tugann sé a chuid bata dó sula n-imíonn sé. Deir an fear leis go bhfuil sé saor chun an bata a úsáid chun dul go dtí an fhoraois níos tapúla. Goodman suíonn agus éisteann na capaill ag teacht. Tá sé i bhfolach. Goodman éisteacht roinnt guthanna. Aithníonn sé an guth an chaomhnóir na heaglaise agus an guth Deacon Gookin. Goodman iontas. Geallann sé dó féin go bhfanfaidh sé dílis do Dhia ar mhaithe le Faith. Ní bheidh sé ag dul go dtí an searmanas foraoise. Ach éisteann sé le guth eile. Is é Faith's guth. Is cinnte, níl aon mhaith ar an domhan toisc go bhfuil Creideamh i gcoinne olc. Sa nóiméad sin, glacann sé an bata a tharraingíonn go tapa é go dtí an searmanas. Téann sé go dtí an áit a bhfuil an searmanas ag tarlú. Tá na crainn timpeall an searmanais ag lasadh. A bhuíochas leis an tine, is féidir leis cuid de na daoine a aithint, baill urramacha a phobail go léir. Ach Goodman ní féidir a fheiceáil i gcás Faith. Tá sé ag súil nach bhfuil sí ann.

Assignment: Culturally Competent Evaluators These principles align closely with the five guiding principles adopted by the American Evaluation Association as quality standards of practice for the profession: (1) systematic inquiry, (2) competence, (3) integrity/honesty, (4) respect for people, and (5) responsibilities for general and public welfare. The guiding principles for multicultural evaluation, however, imply a higher threshold that takes into account these generally accepted standards of quality evaluation while overlaying explicit consideration of differences related to diversity in race and ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, religion, disability, and/or immigrant status. Multicultural evaluation is built from core elements of sound evaluation practices, such as data- based inquiry, valid and reliable measures, and impartial assessment. Multicultural evaluation also reflects characteristics of quality evaluations based on guidelines set forth by the American Evaluation Association, such as strongly respecting stakeholders’ self-worth, considering perspectives of a full range of stakeholders, and (where feasible) providing benefit to those who contribute data. When the principles of multicultural evaluation are applied to all aspects of evaluation—from the evaluator; to design and planning; to data collection, analysis, reporting, and application of findings—the result is a significant shift in how evaluation is implemented. The characteristics of a multicultural evaluation are shown in Table 6.3. Traditional evaluation is based on a long history in which formally trained evaluators implement needs or impact assessments based on established measures of what is good practice. Multicultural evaluation is characterized by reciprocity. Evaluators integrate their own expertise throughout the evaluation, but the evaluator does not presume to understand the cultural context of diverse communities that are being studied. As a result, multicultural evaluation is characterized by a fundamental shift in how the evaluation is conceptualized and designed, how communities are engaged in data collection and analysis, and how the findings from the evaluation are ultimately communicated and used. TABLE 6.3 Characteristics of a Multicultural Evaluation Source: Inouy e, Yu, and Adefuin (2005). Closely related to understanding the principles and characteristics of multicultural evaluation is defining the characteristics of evaluators that make them culturally competent. Attributes of multicultural evaluators’ competence do not lend themselves to a checklist or a formula. Rather, the multicultural knowledge, attitudes, and skill sets that evaluators bring to their work can best be viewed as evolving human skills that are developed over time. Some of the most often described characteristics are: Experience in diverse communities. Although an evaluator may not necessarily be from the same cultural background as the people in the communities he or she is evaluating, cultural competence involves a broader world perspective, often gained from experience living or working with different cultural groups. Openness to learning about cultural complexities. Culturally competent evaluators exhibit humility about what they think they already know and are open to in-depth understanding of the nuances and complexities of inter- and intracultural influences and variations. Flexibility in evaluation design and practice. Rather than coming in with prescriptive evaluation strategies, culturally competent evaluators realize limitations to established approaches and are willing to adapt to honor different cultural contexts. Rapport and trust with diverse communities. Culturally competent evaluators prioritize relationship building with diverse communities rather than viewing them solely as data sources. Relationships are viewed as mutually beneficial. Acknowledgment of power differentials. Culturally competent evaluators acknowledge the various power differentials possible in an evaluation, including those between the evaluator and those being evaluated, or between the commissioning entity (often a foundation) and those being evaluated. We are a professional custom writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. Yes. We have posted over our previous orders to display our experience. Since we have done this question before, we can also do it for you. To make sure we do it perfectly, please fill our Order Form. Filling the order form correctly will assist our team in referencing, specifications and future communication. 2. Fill in your paper’s requirements in the "PAPER INFORMATION" section and click “PRICE CALCULATION” at the bottom to calculate your order price. 3. Fill in your paper’s academic level, deadline and the required number of pages from the drop-down menus. 4. Click “FINAL STEP” to enter your registration details and get an account with us for record keeping and then, click on “PROCEED TO CHECKOUT” at the bottom of the page. 5. From there, the payment sections will show, follow the guided payment process and your order will be available for our writing team to work on it. Need help with this assignment? Discount Code: SAVE25

<urn:uuid:02cfbb65-cb24-420f-922b-592fe9e57b2e>

CC-MAIN-2021-43

https://www.keyhomework.org/assignment-culturally-competent-evaluators-assignment-culturally-competen/writers/882/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585305.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020090145-20211020120145-00188.warc.gz

en

Cinntí: Measúnaithe atá inniúil ó thaobh cultúir de Tá na prionsabail seo ag teacht go dlúth leis na cúig phrionsabal treorach a ghlac Cumann Meastóireachta Mheiriceá mar chaighdeáin cháilíochta don ghairm: (1) fiosrúchán córasach, (2) inniúlacht, (3) ionracas / macántacht, (4) meas ar dhaoine, agus (5) freagrachtaí don leas ginearálta agus don phobal. Is éard atá i gceist le prionsabail threoirlínte meastóireachta ilchultúrtha ná tairseach níos airde a thugann aird ar na caighdeáin mheasúnaithe cáilíochta seo a nglactar leo go ginearálta agus a chuimsíonn breithniú soiléir ar dhifríochtaí a bhaineann le héagsúlacht in chine agus eitneachas, aois, inscne, treoshuíomh ghnéasach, stádas sóisia-eacnamaíoch, reiligiún, míchumais agus/nó stádas inimirce. Tá meastóireacht ilchultúrtha tógtha ó phríomhghnéithe de chleachtais dea-mheastóireachta, amhail fiosrúchán bunaithe ar shonraí, bearta bailí agus iontaofa, agus measúnú neamhchlaonta. Léiríonn meastóireacht ilchultúrtha tréithe meastóireachtaí cáilíochta bunaithe ar threoirlínte a leagann an Cumann Meastóireachta Mheiriceá amach, amhail féinmheas na bpáirtithe leasmhara a urramú go láidir, dearcadh raon iomlán na bpáirtithe leasmhara a mheas, agus (nuair is indéanta) tairbhe a sholáthar dóibh siúd a rannchuidíonn le sonraí. Nuair a chuirtear prionsabail na meastóireachta ilchultúrtha i bhfeidhm ar gach gné den mheastóireacht - ón meastóir; go dearadh agus pleanáil; go bailiú sonraí, anailís, tuairisciú agus cur i bhfeidhm na dtorthaí - is athrú suntasach é an toradh ar an gcaoi a gcuirtear meastóireacht i bhfeidhm. Tá na saintréithe a bhaineann le meastóireacht ilchultúrtha le feiceáil i dTábla 6.3. Tá meastóireacht thraidisiúnta bunaithe ar stair fhada ina gcuireann meastóirí a bhfuil oiliúint foirmiúil faighte acu meastóireachtaí riachtanas nó tionchair i bhfeidhm bunaithe ar bhearta bunaithe ar cad is dea-chleachtas é. Tá meastóireacht ilchultúrtha tréithúil le hachomair. Cuireann meastóirí a saineolas féin le chéile le linn na meastóireachta, ach ní éilíonn an meastóir go dtuigeann sé comhthéacs cultúrtha na bpobal éagsúil atá á staidéar. Mar thoradh air sin, is athrú bunúsach a bhíonn i gceist le meastóireacht ilchultúrtha maidir le conas a chuirtear an meastóireacht i bpéintéireacht agus a dhearadh, conas a bhíonn pobail páirteach i mbailiú agus i anailís sonraí, agus conas a dhéantar na torthaí ón meastóireacht a chur in iúl agus a úsáid sa deireadh. TABLA 6.3 Saineolaíochtaí Meastóireachta Ilchultúrtha Foinse: Inouye, Yu, agus Adefuin (2005). Tá baint dlúth le prionsabail agus le tréithe meastóireachta ilchultúrtha a thuiscint ná tréithe meastóirí a shainiú a dhéanann iad inniúil ó thaobh cultúrtha de. Ní féidir le tréithe inniúlachta meastóirí ilchultúrtha a bheith le liosta seiceála ná le foirmle. Is féidir an t-eolas, na dearcadh agus na scileanna ilchultúrtha a thugann meastóirí lena gcuid oibre a mheas mar scileanna daonna atá ag teacht chun cinn a fhorbraítear le himeacht ama. Is iad seo a leanas cuid de na tréithe is minice a thuairiscítear: Taithí i bpobail éagsúla. Cé nach gá go mbeadh measúnaitheoir ón gcúlra cultúrtha céanna leis na daoine sna pobail atá á measúnú aige nó aici, baineann cumas cultúrtha le dearcadh níos leithne ar an domhan, a fhaightear go minic as taithí a bheith ag maireachtáil nó ag obair le grúpaí cultúrtha éagsúla. Oscailteacht chun foghlaim faoi chastachtaí cultúrtha. Léiríonn meastóirí atá inniúil ó thaobh cultúrtha um ídhuineacht maidir leis an méid a cheapann siad go bhfuil a fhios acu cheana féin agus tá siad oscailte do thuiscint dhomhain ar na nuansanna agus ar chastachtaí na n-ionsaithe agus na n-athruithe idirchultúrtha agus intracultúrtha. Solúbthacht i ndearadh agus i gcleachtas na meastóireachta. Seachas straitéisí meastóireachta forordaitheacha a bheith acu, tuigeann meastóirí atá inniúil ó thaobh cultúrtha teorantachtaí na gcur chuige bunaithe agus tá siad toilteanach oiriúnú chun comhthéacsanna cultúrtha éagsúla a urramú. Teagmháil agus muinín le pobail éagsúla. Tugann meastóirí atá inniúil ó thaobh cultúrtha tosaíocht do thógáil caidrimh le pobail éagsúla seachas iad a fheiceáil mar fhoinsí sonraí amháin. Meastar go bhfuil an caidreamh tairbheach don dá pháirtí. Aithint ar dhifríochtaí cumhachta. Aithníonn meastóirí atá inniúil ó thaobh cultúrtha de na difríochtaí cumhachta éagsúla is féidir a bheith ann i meastóireacht, lena n-áirítear iad siúd idir an meastóir agus iad siúd atá á meastóireacht, nó idir an eintiteas coimisiúnaithe (go minic bunús) agus iad siúd atá á meastóireacht. Is suíomh Gréasáin gairmiúil scríbhneoireachta saincheaptha muid. Má rinne tú cuardach ar cheist agus gur thit tú ar ár suíomh Gréasáin, bí cinnte go bhfuil tú san áit cheart chun cabhair a fháil i do chuid oibre cúrsa. Sea, tá. Tá ár n-orduithe roimhe seo curtha ar fáil againn chun ár dtaithí a thaispeáint. Ós rud é go bhfuil muid déanta an cheist seo roimh, is féidir linn a dhéanamh freisin ar do shon. Chun a chinntiú go ndéanaimid é go foirfe, déan an Foirm Ordaithe a chomhlánú le do thoil. Má líontar an fhoirm ordaithe i gceart, cuideoidh sé lenár bhfoireann le tagairtí, sonraíochtaí agus cumarsáid sa todhchaí. 2. Seachadadh. Líon isteach do chuid riachtanas páipéir sa chuid "FÓRMHAÍ PAIPÉIR" agus cliceáil ar "CALCALUISE PRIOS" ag an mbonn chun do phraghas ordú a ríomh. 3. Tá an t-am ann. Cuir isteach leibhéal acadúil, spriocdháta agus an líon leathanaigh is gá de do pháipéar ó na roghchlár titim síos. 4. Tá an t-am Cliceáil ar CÉIMÍN DEIRMHEÁIL chun do chuid sonraí clárúcháin a iontráil agus cuntas a fháil linn chun taifid a choinneáil agus ansin, cliceáil ar CHANTAR LEO CHECKOUT ag bun na leathanaigh. 5. Tá an t-am ann. Ón áit sin, taispeánfar na rannáin íocaíochta, lean an próiseas íocaíochta treoraithe agus beidh do ordú ar fáil dár bhfoireann scríbhneoireachta chun oibriú air. An gá cabhair leis an tasc seo? Cód lascaine: SAVE25

Wild Flower - Lesser Teasel - Dipsacus Pilosus Small teasel prefers damp, calcareous soils especially along woodland edges and clearings but is also found along hedgerows and the banks of streams and rivers. Although often found amongst tall vegetation the seeds of small teasel require disturbance for germination. It therefore requires a habitat subject to occasional management if it is to persist. Best sown in the autumn but can be grown at any time of the year.

<urn:uuid:23a2f556-3b9e-45a0-ae58-7cc43e246457>

CC-MAIN-2021-43

https://justseed.com/products/wfdi001

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587593.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20211024173743-20211024203743-00545.warc.gz

en

Bláth Fiadhúil - Lesser Teasel - Dipsacus Pilosus Is fearr le teasel beag ithir fliuch, cailcneach go háirithe ar imeall na coillte agus ar ghlanadh ach tá sé le fáil freisin ar feadh hedges agus ar bhruach sruthanna agus aibhneacha. Cé go bhfuil siad le fáil go minic i measc na bhforaoiseacht ard, teastaíonn cur isteach ar shíolta teasel beag chun go n-éireoidh leo. Dá bhrí sin, tá gá le háitritheoir atá faoi réir bainistíochta ó am go ham má tá sé le maireachtáil. Is fearr an t-eitilt a chur sa gheimhreadh ach is féidir é a fhás ag am ar bith den bhliain.

Links and documents 1913/01/01 to 1916/01/01 Listed on the Canadian Register: Statement of Significance Description of Historic Place Designed in a Tudor Gothic style, the Connaught Building is an imposing government office building faced in randomly coursed rusticated sandstone. It is embellished with turrets, a crenellated roofline, buttresses, an ogee arched entrance and rows of flat-headed windows accented by dressed quoins. Situated on Sussex Drive, the Connaught Building overlooks Parliament Hill. The designation is confined to the footprint of the building. The Connaught Building has been designated as a Classified Federal Heritage Building primarily because of its architectural significance. It represents one of the best works of David Ewart, chief architect of the Department of Public Works (1897-1914). It also has important historical associations with the development of a stronger federal presence in the capital, and continues to function as an important urban landmark. Sources: Robert Hunter, Connaught Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Federal Heritage Building Review Office Building Report 87-039;Connaught Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Heritage Character Statement, 87-039. Key elements that define the heritage character of the building include: -the exterior elevations, which were designed in the modified Tudor Gothic style favoured by Ewart because of its compatibility with the Parliament Buildings and its associations with British precedent; - the symmetry of the massing, which reflects an underlying Beaux-Arts layout; -the highly articulated stonework, with its buttresses, corbelling, niches, carved embellishments, and elaborate window and door surrounds, and the doors and windows themselves; -the wall finish, which is primarily of sandstone, with a granite plinth and Wallace stone detailing. Government of Canada Treasury Board Heritage Buildings Policy Classified Federal Heritage Building Theme - Category and Type Function - Category and Type - Office or office building Architect / Designer Location of Supporting Documentation National Historic Sites Directorate, Documentation Centre, 5th Floor, Room 89, 25 Eddy Street, Gatineau, Quebec Cross-Reference to Collection

<urn:uuid:00aa5a6b-aa29-4ef8-8a2a-b4abbe6d89b0>

CC-MAIN-2016-22

http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=4029

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464051196108.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524005316-00010-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz

en

Naisc agus doiciméid 1913/01/01 go 1916/01/01 Liostáilte ar Chlár Cheanada: Ráiteas ar Thábhacht Tuairisc ar an Áit Stairiúil Dearadh i stíl Tudor Gothic, is foirgneamh oifige rialtais é an Foirgneamh Connaught atá os comhair gaineamh gaineamh rusticated. Tá sé maisithe le turretes, líne díon crenellated, buttresses, iontráil bog ogee agus sraitheanna de fhuinneoga ceann cothrom a bhfuil quoins cóirithe acu. Suite ar Sussex Drive, tá an Tógáil Connaught os cionn Parliament Hill. Tá an ainmniúchán teoranta do thorthaí na foirgnime. Tá an Foirgneamh Connaught ainmnithe mar Foirgneamh Oidhreachta Chónaidhme Rangaithe go príomha mar gheall ar a thábhacht ailtireachta. Tá sé ar cheann de na saothair is fearr a rinne David Ewart, príomh-ailtire na Roinne Oibreacha Poiblí (1897-1914). Tá comhlachais stairiúla tábhachtacha aige freisin le forbairt láithreacht chónaidhme níos láidre sa phríomhchathair, agus leanann sé ag feidhmiú mar cheannródaíocht uirbeach tábhachtach. Foinsí: Robert Hunter, Foirgneamh Connaught, Ottawa, Ontario, Oifig Athbhreithnithe Foirgneamh Oidhreachta Chónaidhme Tuairisc Foirgneamh 87-039; Foirgneamh Connaught, Ottawa, Ontario, Ráiteas Caipitil Oidhreachta, 87-039. I measc na príomhghnéithe a shainmhíníonn carachtar oidhreachta an fhoirgnimh tá: - na h-ardú seachtracha, a ceapadh sa stíl gotach Tudor modhnaithe a bhí fabhrach ag Ewart mar gheall ar a chomhoiriúnacht le Tithe na Parlaiminte agus a chomhlachais le réamhchónaí na Breataine; - siméadracht an mhaisithe, a léiríonn leagan amach Beaux-Arts bunúsach; - an cloch oibre go mór-airte, lena chuid cúlchistí, corbelling, niches, ornáidí carved, agus fuinneoga agus doras timpeallacht elaborate, agus na doirse agus na fuinneoga iad féin; - an chríochnú balla, atá go príomha de sandstone, le plinth gráinéad agus mionsonraí cloiche Wallace. Rialtas Cheanada Beartas um Foirgneamh Oidhreachta an Bhoird Chisteachais Foirgneamh Oidhreachta Chónaidhme Rangaithe Téama - Catagóir agus Cineál Feidhm - Catagóir agus Cineál - Oifig nó foirgneamh oifige Ailtire / Dearthóir Suíomh na Doiciméadachta Tacaíochta Stiúrthóireacht na Suímh Stairiúla Náisiúnta, Ionad Doiciméadachta, 5ú hurlár, Seomra 89, 25 Sráid Eddy, Gatineau, Québec Creis-tharraingt ar an mbailiúchán

The Jesus Film Project ( click on image) This film is a great introduction to Jesus through the Book of Luke. In the greater story of the world, God creates everything and loves mankind. But mankind disobeys God. God and mankind are separated. God loves mankind so much, He arranges redemption for mankind. He sends his Son Jesus to be a perfect sacrifice to make amends for us. Jesus is the centerpiece in the larger story. Mankind’s redemption hinges on the suffering and rejection of the sinless offering of Jesus Christ. In witnessing His crucifixion and rise from the dead, we see God’s authority over death and justification for all sin. Those who follow Jesus, confessing Him as Savior and leaving their old lives behind, are saved from God’s wrath against their sins. When judged, Jesus’s blood will cover them so that they are sinless in the eyes of God. This is demonstrated story after story when Jesus is able to declare, "Your sins have been forgiven." - How is the sacrifice of Jesus part of God’s plan? - How do the different groups of people respond to Jesus and His teachings? - What are some of the miracles Jesus performed? How do they affect those people? - How do you respond to the life of Jesus in your own life? - Reaching the unreached worldwide - In their heart languages (1,150) - Helping them to grow in Christ

<urn:uuid:280243b7-2b69-4fbb-8012-7bac37c96d28>

CC-MAIN-2019-04

https://www.hiker4jesus.com/the-jesus-film-project.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583657470.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20190116113941-20190116135941-00300.warc.gz

en

Tionscadal Scannán Íosa (cliceáil ar an íomhá) Is é an scannán seo an t-amhrán iontach ar Íosa trí Leabhar Lucais. Sa scéal níos mó ar an domhan, cruthaíonn Dia gach rud agus is breá leis an chine daonna. Ach tá an chine daonna neamhfhreagrach do Dhia. Tá Dia agus an chine daonna ar leithligh. Is breá le Dia an chine daonna go mór, socraíonn sé an t-aisghabháil don chine daonna. Chuir sé a Mhac Íosa chun a bheith ina íobairt foirfe chun an t-éagóir a dhéanamh dúinn. Is é Íosa an croílár sa scéal níos mó. Tá an chine daonna ag teacht ar ais ó fhulaingt agus diúltú na tabhartas gan pheaca de Íosa Críost. Agus muid ag féachaint ar a chrosadh agus ar a aiséirí ó mhairbh, feicimid údarás Dé thar an bhás agus an ceartú ar son gach peaca. Iad siúd a leanann Íosa, ag admháil dó mar Slánaitheoir agus a fhágann a saol sean taobh thiar, tá siad a shábháil ó wrath Dé i gcoinne a gcuid peacaí. Nuair a dhéantar breithiúnas orthu, déanfaidh fuil Íosa cosc orthu ionas go mbeidh siad gan pheaca i súile Dé. Léirítear é seo i gcás i ndiaidh eachtra nuair a bhíonn Íosa in ann a dhearbhú, "Tá do pheacaí maithe". - Conas is íobairt Íosa cuid de phlean Dé? - Conas a dhéanann na grúpaí éagsúla daoine freagrófar ar Íosa agus a chuid teagasc? - Cad iad cuid de na míorúiltí a rinne Íosa? Cén tionchar a bhíonn acu ar na daoine sin? - Conas a fhreagraíonn tú ar shaol Íosa i do shaol féin? - Ag teacht ar na daoine nach bhfuil in ann teacht orthu ar fud an domhain - I dteangacha a gcroí (1,150) - Ag cuidiú leo fás i gCríost

The Nutrition in Glazed Carrots A recipe for glazed carrots accentuates the natural sweetness of cooked carrots. Some children who refuse to eat their vegetables may agree to eat glazed carrots. You can serve these carrots as a side dish with beef or chicken. Glazed carrot recipes normally include sugar or honey and some seasoning. The nutritional information in glazed carrots varies depending on the exact recipe you use. A typical glazed carrot recipe includes 1 pound of baby carrots, 1 tablespoon of butter or margarine, 1 tablespoon of packed brown sugar, a dash of salt and black pepper to taste. Fresh or dried thyme and fresh Italian parsley are optional. You can substitute honey or white sugar for the brown sugar without affecting the nutritional content of the recipe. A serving is one-quarter of the entire recipe. Each serving of glazed carrots contains 83 calories. It has 1 gram of protein, or 4 percent of the daily recommended intake for a person on a 2,000-calorie diet. It has 14 grams of total carbohydrates, or 5 percent of the daily intake, and 3 grams of total fat, or 5 percent of the daily recommendation. Glazed carrots contain 2 grams of saturated fat, or 10 percent of the daily recommended intake, 8 milligrams of cholesterol and 111 milligrams of sodium. Each serving of glazed carrots provides 2 grams of dietary fiber, or 8 percent of the daily recommended intake. Dietary fiber lowers levels of cholesterol in your blood and may reduce your risk for heart disease. Fiber helps control your blood sugar levels, and it may prevent constipation by helping food to move through the digestive tract. Fruits, whole grains, beans and vegetables are also good sources of fiber. Vitamin A and Folate Glazed carrots provide 13,897 international units of vitamin A, or 278 percent of the daily recommended intake. Vitamin A is necessary for healthy vision and a strong immune system to fight infections. The vitamin A from carrots is in the form of beta-carotene, which is an antioxidant. Carrots also are natural sources of folate, a B vitamin which is necessary for preventing neural tube birth defects. Each serving of the recipe supplies 32 micrograms of folate, or 8 percent of the daily recommended intake. - Better Homes and Gardens: Brown Sugar-Glazed Carrots - Department of Health and Human Services: 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Food and Drug Administration: Appendix F: Calculate the Percent Daily Value for the Appropriate Nutrients - Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center: Vitamin A Natalie Stein specializes in weight loss and sports nutrition. She is based in Los Angeles and is an assistant professor with the Program for Public Health at Michigan State University. Stein holds a master of science degree in nutrition and a master of public health degree from Michigan State University.

<urn:uuid:cacddc64-cf74-4851-bdbf-39970502185d>

CC-MAIN-2021-43

https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/nutrition-glazed-carrots-1114.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587767.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20211025185311-20211025215311-00069.warc.gz

en

An cothú i gcarróidí glasaithe Cuireann oideas do choróin glasaithe milis nádúrtha na gcarróidí cócaráilte i bhfios. D'fhéadfadh roinnt páistí a dhiúltaíonn a gcuid glasraí a ithe aontú go n-itheann siad carrótaí glasaithe. Is féidir leat na carróga seo a sheirbheáil mar mhias taobh le mairteola nó sicín. I measc na n-oidis carróg glaiste bíonn siúcra nó mil agus roinnt séasúr. Athraíonn an fhaisnéis chothaitheacha i carróg glaiste ag brath ar an oideas beacht a úsáideann tú. I measc an chóireála tipiciúil carróg glaiste tá 1 punt de carróga leanbh, 1 spúnóg boird de bhoirt nó margarine, 1 spúnóg boird de siúcra donn pacáilte, dash salann agus piobar dubh chun blas a fháil. Is rogha é an t-im agus an pharsil úr ón Iodáil. Is féidir leat mil nó siúcra bán a chur in ionad an siúcra donn gan tionchar a bheith agat ar ábhar cothaitheach an oidis. Is é an t-úsamh an ceathrú cuid den oideas iomlán. Tá 83 calraí i ngach raon de charróga glasaithe. Tá 1 gram próitéine ann, nó 4 faoin gcéad den iontógáil laethúil molta do dhuine ar aiste bia 2,000 calorie. Tá 14 gram de charbhoileacraí iomlána ann, nó 5 faoin gcéad den iontógáil laethúil, agus 3 gram de shaill iomlána, nó 5 faoin gcéad den mholadh laethúil. Tá 2 ghram saille sháthaithe, nó 10 faoin gcéad den iontógáil laethúil molta, 8 mhilleagram de chholeistéaról agus 111 mhilleagram de shódam i maraí glasáilte. Tugann gach raon de charróga glasaithe 2 ghram de shnáithín aiste bia, nó 8 faoin gcéad den iontógáil laethúil molta. Laghdaíonn snáithín bia leibhéil cholesterol i do fhuil agus d'fhéadfadh sé do riosca galar croí a laghdú. Cabhraíonn snáithín le leibhéil siúcra fola a rialú, agus d'fhéadfadh sé cosc a chur ar constipation trína chabhrú le bia a bhogadh tríd an gcanáil díleá. Tá torthaí, gráin iomlána, pianta agus glasraí ina bhfoinsí maith snáithín freisin. Vitimín A agus Folait Soláthraíonn carróga glaiste 13,897 aonad idirnáisiúnta vitimín A, nó 278 faoin gcéad den iontógáil laethúil molta. Tá vitimín A riachtanach le haghaidh fís shláintiúil agus córas imdhíonachta láidir chun ionfhabhtuithe a chomhrac. Tá vitimín A ó choróin i bhfoirm béite-carotene, rud atá ina antaibheathach. Tá an carróg ina fhoinse nádúrtha folate freisin, vitimín B atá riachtanach chun míchumas breith an tshubha néaróide a chosc. Soláthraíonn gach rabhadh den oideas 32 mhicreagram folate, nó 8 faoin gcéad den iontógáil laethúil molta. - Tithe agus Gairdíní Níos Fearr: Cártaí Brúite Siúcra-Glazed - Roinn Sláinte agus Seirbhísí Daonna: Treoirlínte Bia 2010 do Mheiriceánaigh - Riarachán Bia agus Drugaí: Leas-leathanach F: Léigh an luach laethúil faoin gcéad do na cothaithigh iomchuí - Ionad Faisnéise Micronutrient Institiúid Linus Pauling: Vitimín A Tá Natalie Stein speisialaithe i meáchain caillteanas agus cothaithe spóirt. Tá sí lonnaithe i Los Angeles agus is ollamh cúnta í leis an gClár um Shláinte Poiblí in Ollscoil Stáit Michigan. Tá máistreacht eolaíochta ag Stein i gcothú agus máistreacht i sláinte poiblí ó Ollscoil Stáit Michigan.