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乙型肝炎@ 聚乙二醇干扰素 α-2a 已批准用于≥5 岁儿童的丙型肝炎，如果需要用于慢性乙型肝炎，可以考虑超适应证使用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "聚乙二醇干扰素 α-2a"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@此外，美国医师协会 (American College of Physicians) 不推荐对无症状非妊娠女性进行筛查性盆腔检查。卵巢癌@美国一项关于78,000多名年龄55-74岁患者研究显示，CA125和经阴道超声检查不能降低此筛查人群的卵巢癌死亡率。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经阴道超声检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
食管癌@在西方国家的发病率逐渐增高。 食管癌@男性的发病率很可能是女性的两倍。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@ 非结合多糖疫苗 Menomune-A/C/Y/W-135 (MPSV4) 适用于年龄≥56 岁、先前未接种过 A、C、W 和 Y 血清群脑膜炎球菌疫苗的人群，并且只需要接种一剂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非结合多糖疫苗 Menomune-A/C/Y/W-135"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "非结合多糖疫苗 Menomune-A/C/Y/W-135",
"subject_type": "其他",
"object": {
"@value": "MPSV4"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@ ### 罕见 查看全部 ### 脑膜刺激征 继发于脓毒性栓子。感染性心内膜炎@ ### 心脏杂音 典型的新发或恶化性心脏杂音罕见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑膜刺激征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
出生后感染性肺炎的病理改变以支气管肺炎和间质性肺炎为主，病变分散，影响一叶或数叶，有时融合成大片病灶，肺不张和肺气肿较易发生。X线胸片有时表现为弥漫性、深浅不一的模糊影，也可表现为两肺广泛点状或大小不一的浸润影，常伴肺气肿、肺不张，偶见大叶实变伴脓胸、脓气胸或肺大疱。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线胸片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺气肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺不张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大叶实变伴脓胸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓气胸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺大疱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "间质性肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
第四节 毛细支气管炎 毛细支气管炎（bronchiolitis）是婴儿期常见的下呼吸道炎症性疾病。 多数患儿先有上呼吸道感染症状，伴发热、食欲缺乏。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchiolitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@[ 肺炎/支气管炎 ](/topics/zh-cn/17) ### 机化性肺炎（不明原因机化性肺炎或闭塞性细支气管炎机化性肺炎） 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 通常表现为流感样症状，后发生第二种疾病并持续1到4个月，表现为低热、干咳、不适感、呼吸困难和体重减轻。非小细胞肺癌@典型的特征包括胸膜下或沿血管分布的不均匀磨玻璃影；支气管壁增厚和柱状扩张；直径大小为3-5mm小叶中心型结节或其他不明确结节；纵膈淋巴结肿大；胸腔积液。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "机化性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纵膈淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "机化性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸腔积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "机化性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "机化性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "干咳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "机化性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不适感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "机化性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "机化性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重减轻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胃炎@需要内镜下结扎出血的溃疡。 胃炎@[ 消化性溃疡病 ](/topics/zh-cn/80) 。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结扎出血的溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化性溃疡病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@抗血小板和抗凝药物（例如：阿司匹林加 P2Y12 抑制剂 [氯吡格雷、普拉格雷、替卡格雷或坎格雷洛]；GPIIb/IIIa 抑制剂；肝素静脉给药）也适用于治疗 STEMI，因为这能够通过抑制血小板激活和后续的血小板聚集，从而限制继发血栓形成。ST段抬高型心肌梗死@坎格雷洛是一种静脉给药的 P2Y12 抑制剂，在先前没有接受 P2Y12 抑制剂并且没有正在接受 GPIIb/IIIa 抑制剂的患者中，可以作为 PCI 的辅助药物，降低围手术期心肌梗死、反复冠状动脉血运重建和支架血栓形成的风险。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坎格雷洛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PCI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PCI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坎格雷洛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "P2Y12 抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗凝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "P2Y12 抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氯吡格雷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普拉格雷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "替卡格雷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "STEMI",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
研究已发现700多种基因突变与CF有关，但均定位于第7号染色体长臂单一位点。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基因突变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@### 黄疸 表明胆道梗阻，或及其罕见的肝脏或肝门部淋巴结转移情况。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
脑炎@肌肉活检 - 改良 Gomori trichrome 染色显示红色粗糙纤维。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@根据肾功能和蛋白尿水平和监测结果，以及抗肾小球基底膜抗体滴度和患者的临床状态，决定是否停止血浆置换。肾小球肾炎@如果经 2 至 3 周的治疗后患者仍有咯血或抗肾小球基底膜 (GBM) 抗体阳性，则继续行血浆置换，直到咯血消退，抗肾小球基底膜抗体明显下降或转阴。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血浆置换"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咯血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
惊厥（convulsion)是儿科最常见的急症之一,是由于脑大量神经元一过性同步化放电导致的所涉及随意肌的不可控制的抽搐或者肌张力改变，可以是部分身体（局灶性），也可以是全身性的（全面性）。 体格检査 主要包括皮肤瘀点、局部感染灶、脑膜刺激征、颅内高压症等，测血压及眼底检查等均可能有助于病因诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤瘀点"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部感染灶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑膜刺激征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内高压症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "测血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼底检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抽搐或者肌张力改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "convulsion"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@检查 CT 扫描可显示憩室炎，并且可显示膀胱瘘中含有气体，是膀胱瘘的首选检查手段。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "憩室炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性淋巴细胞白血病@[ 全血细胞减少评估 ](/topics/zh-cn/1024) ### 发热性中性粒细胞减少 | 短期 | 高 评估发热性中性粒细胞减少时，需要详细的病史采集、全面的体格检查和早期广泛的诊断性流程。急性淋巴细胞白血病@发热性中性粒细胞减少可以通过注意身体卫生、食用病菌少的食物及反向隔离或高效微粒空气过滤来预防。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "发热性中性粒细胞减少",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "注意身体卫生"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "发热性中性粒细胞减少",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食用病菌少的食物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "发热性中性粒细胞减少",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反向隔离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热性中性粒细胞减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@最常见的并发症是胃十二指肠出血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃十二指肠出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
呼气试验具有快速、可靠、安全及无痛苦的优点，适合大规模流行病学调查，表明目前是否有幽门螺杆菌感染，优于血清学检查。呼气试验根据标记物的不同，分为13C-尿素呼气试验（breath test）和14C-尿素呼气试验。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "13C-尿素呼气试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "14C-尿素呼气试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@遗传性胰腺炎发病的高峰年龄为10-14岁，青少年特发性慢性胰腺炎为19-23岁，酒精性慢性胰腺炎为36-44岁，而老年性特发性慢性胰腺炎为56-62岁。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "酒精性慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "36-44岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "遗传性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "10-14岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@英国胃肠病学会建议泼尼松/泼尼松龙联用硫唑嘌呤作为初始治疗选择，原因在于与皮质类固醇单药治疗相比，该方案被认为副作用较少，疗效更好。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇单药治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【病理解剖】 室间隔缺损种类很多,通常根据缺损在室间隔的部位及其与房室瓣、主动脉瓣的关系分类。 .大型室间隔缺损缺损直径>10mm或缺损面积>1.O cm²/m² 体表面积，大量左向右分流量使肺循环血流量增加，当超过肺血管 床的容量限度时，出现容量性肺动脉高压，肺小动脉持续出现反应 性痉挛，之后肺小动脉中层和内膜层渐增厚，管腔变小、梗阻。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "室间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大型室间隔缺损缺损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@用于 RA 治疗的 TNF-α抑制剂包括依那西普、英夫利西单抗、阿达木单抗、赛妥珠单抗和戈利木单抗。类风湿关节炎@ 依那西普是一种能与 TNF-α结合的可溶性 TNF 受体融合蛋白；英夫利西单抗、阿达木单抗和戈利木单抗是 TNF- α的单克隆抗体。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "依那西普"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "英夫利西单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TNF-α抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿达木单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "赛妥珠单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戈利木单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
血管壁结构或功能的异常、血小板量和质的异常、凝血功能异常是出血倾向的基本原因。临床以出血倾向为主要表现的疾病称作出血性疾病，约占血液系统疾病的30%，要对这些疾病作出正确的诊断和鉴别诊断，必须对正常的止血机制有一个全面的了解，现简述于下。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "出血性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板量和质的异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "出血性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血功能异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
宫颈癌@ 采取这一筛查间隔的目的为，最大限度地减少治疗 HPV 感染相关性暂时性宫颈异常所引起的危害；决策分析表明，如果这样做，需要进行阴道镜检查的患者人数将减少一半。 宫颈癌@### 分期 宫颈癌分期传统上依据体格检查、阴道镜和活检结果以及下列限定的检查：胸部X线检查、静脉肾盂造影 (intravenous pyelogram, IVP)、直肠镜检查、膀胱镜检查、钡灌肠和麻醉下检查。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部X线检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直肠镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "钡灌肠和麻醉下检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@虽然这个比例显著高于一般人群中观察到的值，但心律失常似乎仅导致了 5%-10% 的 SIDS 死亡病例。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "心律失常",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "SIDS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
targetUrl=http://cochraneclinicalanswers.com/doi/10.1002/cca.355/full) ## 证据评分 抑郁症状的改善：存在中等质量证据显示，相对于安慰剂/静止项目对照组、药物治疗和其他治疗（例如，支持性和非指导性心理疗法、放松疗法、人际关系心理疗法），认知疗法改善抑郁或心境恶劣患者症状的效更好，但行为疗法效果不好。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "抑郁",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放松疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "抑郁",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人际关系心理疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@噻嗪类利尿剂：有研究认为该药可通过影响腺泡细胞从而引起胰腺炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "噻嗪类利尿剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
进行性肌营养不良（progressive muscular dystrophy )是一组遗传性肌肉变性疾病。 肌肉活体组织检査 见病理描述。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉活体组织检査"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "progressive muscular dystrophy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@临床证据支持推荐通过实现目标糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)＜7%、BP 目标＜140/90 mmHg、戒烟以及 BMI＜27 的理想体重来防止 CKD 发生。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "目标糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)＜7%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "BP 目标＜140/90 mmHg"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "BMI＜27 的理想体重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
常利用肺动脉高压患者的三尖瓣反流，以连续多普勒测定反流速度，以简化伯努利方程，计算肺动脉压：肺动脉收缩压= 4×反流血流速度2+CVP（假设CVP为5mmHg）。 （5）其他：以多普勒测定左或右肺动脉平均血流速度，流速降低提示肺血管阻力增加、肺动脉高压，系列动态观察对评估PPHN的治疗效果有意义。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "PPHN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多普勒测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 急性肾衰 | 短期 | 高 通常由于脱水和低血容量，但在严重疾病也可源自急性肾小管坏死。 疟疾感染@如果治疗时适当地注意液体状态，肾损害通常可逆，但需要适当肾脏支持治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "急性肾衰",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏支持治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肾衰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性肾衰",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脱水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性肾衰",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血容量"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性肾小管坏死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肾衰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@ 未分化型较少见，多发于50岁以后。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "未分化型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "50岁以后"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
在高氯性代谢性酸中毒，碳酸氢根的降低被氯离子所替代，而后者可通过血清电解质的测量获得。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "高氯性代谢性酸中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清电解质"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
常用奥美拉唑，剂量为每日0. 6 ~0. 8mg/kg,清晨顿服。 3.消化性溃疡一般不需手术治疗 但如有以下情况，应根据个体情况考虑手术治疗:①溃疡合并穿孔;②难以控制的出血，失血量大,48小时内失血量超过血容量的30% ;③瘢痕性幽门梗阻，经胃肠减压等保守治疗72小时仍无改善;④慢性难治性疼痛。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "消化性溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奥美拉唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白喉@伴随的发热通常不超过 39℃(102.2℉)。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@诊断HBV感染的最好方法是在高风险人群中进行临床疑诊，并对特定肝脏相关检查以及HBV血清学检测结果进行评估。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "临床疑诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HBV血清学检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性淋巴细胞白血病@ ### 体格检查 ### 体格检查 体检结果可能包括瘀斑、瘀点、淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大、腹部或睾丸肿块、肾脏肿大及皮肤浸润。急性淋巴细胞白血病@淋巴结肿大受累广泛，肿大淋巴结无疼痛且活动度好。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瘀斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瘀点"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部或睾丸肿块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤浸润"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肠旋转不良松解术后，常见胃肠道蠕动功能紊乱；而假性神经性肠梗阻提示小肠存在内在神经支配缺陷可能。其他术后并发症包括：绞窄性肠梗阻、迟发性肠梗阻及手术相关出血，另外肠扭转复位可致小肠再灌注损伤。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肠旋转不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手术相关出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肠旋转不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "绞窄性肠梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肠旋转不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "迟发性肠梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@在这项研究中，复发性卵巢癌患者被随机分配至接受单药脂质体阿霉素化疗或多柔比星脂质体加曲贝替定联合化疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "复发性卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单药脂质体阿霉素化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
新生儿乳糜胸多见于男性，多数发生在生后1周内，其中半数发生在生后24小时以内，可伴Down综合征及母亲羊水过多等。反复胸腔穿刺可减轻压迫症状，但乳糜可迅速漏出重新积聚，并导致热量、蛋白质和淋巴细胞的丢失，继发免疫功能缺陷，如低免疫球蛋白血症和细胞免疫功能异常。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "乳糜胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸腔穿刺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "乳糜胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
慢性溶血时，患儿可出现黄疸及肝、脾大。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性溶血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸及肝、脾大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@有必要对患者进行早期危险分层，并使用抗缺血药物（β受体阻滞剂，硝酸酯）、抗凝血药物（肝素）和双重抗血小板药物（阿司匹林及P2Y12受体抑制剂联用）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗缺血药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "β受体阻滞剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硝酸酯"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗凝血药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双重抗血小板药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "P2Y12受体抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
阻断M1及M2受体，抑酸差，解痉镇痛好，限用于DU及少数有痉挛疼痛的GU患者，消化性溃疡有胃排空不良者不用。 （四）幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡的治疗 目前幽门螺杆菌阳性合并有活动期溃疡的患者除给予传统抗溃疡药物治疗，如H2受体阻滞剂、质子泵抑制剂或硫糖铝促进溃疡愈合外，常同时给予抗生素根除幽门螺杆菌。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "消化性溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "H2受体阻滞剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "消化性溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "质子泵抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（四）水肿 肾病综合征时水肿机制尚未完全阐明，可能机制：①由于血浆白蛋白下降，血浆胶体渗透压降低，血浆中水分由血管内转入组织间隙直接形成水肿；②水分外渗致血容量下降，通过容量和压力感受器使体内神经体液因子发生变化（如抗利尿激素、醛固酮及利钠因子等），引起水钠潴留而导致全身水肿；③低血容量使交感神经兴奋性增高，近端小管重吸收钠增多，加重水钠潴留；④其他肾内原因导致肾近曲小管回吸收钠增多。病毒感染多发生在接受皮质激素和免疫抑制剂治疗的过程中，多为并发水痘、麻疹及带状疱疹等，病情往往较一般患儿为重。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "水痘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "带状疱疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
三、葡萄球菌肺炎 葡萄球菌肺炎（staphylococcal pneumonia）多发生于新生儿和婴儿。易出现脓胸、脓气胸、肺大疱等并发症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓胸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓气胸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺大疱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "staphylococcal pneumonia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿和婴儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
痛风@在一项 8 周单盲双模拟剂量范围研究中，随机选取急性痛风患者（对非甾体抗炎药和/或秋水仙碱无反应或有禁忌症）接受单剂皮下注射康纳单抗（不同剂量；n = 143）或肌内注射曲安西龙 (n = 57)。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非甾体抗炎药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "秋水仙碱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "康纳单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲安西龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
磨牙症@一项来在美国的研究发现，亚裔磨牙症自我报告率为 25%，而非洲裔自我报告率则是 9%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "磨牙症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "25%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "磨牙症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "9%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma)简称哮喘,是儿童期最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病。 冷空气。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冷空气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchial asthma"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哮喘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@硼替佐米联合 MP 与仅使用 MP 相比使应答率升高至 71%，且显著延长了患者的总生存期。多发性骨髓瘤@ 当存在重度肾功能不全时，硼替佐米给药也是安全的。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硼替佐米"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硼替佐米联合 MP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
成人哮喘@### 第 4~6 级：重度持续 定义为： * 症状持续 * 活动受限 * 急性加重频繁 * 夜间症状频繁 * FEV1≤60% 预计值 * PEFR 变异率>60%。成人哮喘@应当指出的是，生产商推荐的最大剂量低于指南推荐的最大剂量。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活动受限"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性加重频繁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "夜间症状频繁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
根据目前国内检出病原（肺炎链球菌、脑膜炎双球菌及流感杆菌为主），首选头孢三嗪或头孢噻肟，头孢三嗪［100mg/（kg•d），分2次］，具有广谱、高效、半衰期长、对革兰阴性杆菌作用效果好以及使用方便等优点，已成为治疗婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎的常用药物，但其可与胆红素竞争白蛋白，有增加核黄疸的危险，在新生儿黄疸时少用。 （二）降颅压 颅内压明显增高时可用呋塞米每次1mg/kg静推，20%甘露醇每次0. 5～1g/kg快速静脉滴注，两者可交替应用，但不主张多用，因多次使用易使脑脊液黏稠，增加炎症后的粘连。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呋塞米"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "20%甘露醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
睾丸癌@标志物是阴性的。 睾丸癌@[ 睾丸扭转 ](/topics/zh-cn/506) ### 附睾睾丸炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 炎症表现（红、热和痛）可以出现，这在恶性疾病中不常见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "附睾睾丸炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@氟喹诺酮类是二线治疗，除非在一些需要住院或广谱覆盖的高危患者的重症感染时。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟喹诺酮类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
登革热@全身广泛性皮肤潮红，其脸部，耳部和唇部尤甚，指压后皮肤苍白。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指压后皮肤苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
在特发性扩张性心肌病成人患者，心肌炎的发生率为3%～63%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "3%～63%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
大型缺损心影中度以上增大，左、右心室增大,多以右心室增大为主，肺动脉段明显突出，肺野明显充血。当肺动脉高压转为双向或右向左分流时，出现艾森曼格综合征,主要特点为肺动脉主支增粗，而肺外周血管影很少，宛如枯萎的秃枝，此时心影可基本正常或 轻度增大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大型缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "艾森曼格综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大型缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺动脉主支增粗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大型缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺外周血管影很少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大型缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺动脉段明显突出"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大型缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺野明显充血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大型缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左、右心室增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@ * 血管紧张素 II 受体拮抗剂，可用于代替或联合血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管紧张素 II 受体拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@症状改善：低级证据显示人际心理治疗（IPT）在减轻症状、改善社会适应方面较未治疗组更有效。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人际心理治疗（IPT）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@联合 – 体育锻炼 针对经选择患者组全部患者的治疗推荐 锻炼可以在疾病的任何阶段改善运动任务的功能性表现 因此应始终鼓励患者进行锻炼。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体育锻炼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
胃炎@化脓性胃炎是一种罕见却威胁生命的胃黏膜下和肌层的感染，见于虚弱的患者。 胃炎@患者需要收入ICU行中心静脉置管和容量复苏。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "化脓性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ICU"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "化脓性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中心静脉置管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "化脓性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "容量复苏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "化脓性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃黏膜下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "化脓性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌层"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
Noonan综合征:本病为常染色体显性遗传病。临床主要特征为特殊面容、矮身材、胸部畸形和先天性心脏病等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Noonan综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特殊面容"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Noonan综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "矮身材"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Noonan综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "Noonan综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
3.抗体检测 GBS患者血清中可出现多种抗神经节苷脂GM1、GMa、GD1a、GD1b及GQ1b的抗体，一般采用ELISA法检测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗体检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
口咽癌@IVC期肿瘤可行放疗来姑息性缓解症状，西妥昔单抗联合化疗可提高生存率。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "IVC期肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "IVC期肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "西妥昔单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "IVC期肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@免疫抑制剂禁忌症 – 首选 – 皮质类固醇单药治疗 #### 第一选择 [ 泼尼松龙 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 5-15 mg，口服，每日 1 次 或 [ 泼尼松 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 5-15 mg，口服，每日 1 次 至少复发过两次的成人患者，需要进行长期治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇单药治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【发病机制】 dRTA的主要缺陷在于远端小管泌H+功能的不足。 （一）分泌型 （secretory defect） H+-ATP酶功能障碍，小管上皮不能分泌H+。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "dRTA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分泌型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "dRTA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "远端小管泌H+功能的不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
CT、MRI可以定位肿物和其向周围侵袭的情况。儿童横纹肌肉瘤尚无特异性血浆或尿标记物。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
甲苯咪唑加噻嘧啶，或噻嘧啶加左旋咪唑联合治疗，可提高疗效。目前尚无疫苗用于预防钩虫，但借助重组DNA技术，通过基因克隆和抗原合成，研制疫苗预防钩虫病是有可能的。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "钩虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲苯咪唑加噻嘧啶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@就治疗慢性疼痛而言，普瑞巴林（一种可有效治疗其他原因所致的中枢神经性疼痛的加巴喷丁类似物）相较于安慰剂，可以更好地缓解疼痛性慢性胰腺炎患者的疼痛症状， 尽管它尚未获准用于此类治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性疼痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普瑞巴林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@或 [ 氯霉素 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 儿童和成人：每日 50~100 mg/kg，静脉内分次给药，每 6 小时一次；每日最大剂量不超过 4000 mg 在病原体及其药敏性确定之前，静脉注射广谱抗生素。 细菌性脑膜炎@所选的治疗方案必须尽量广谱以涵盖受感染年龄组的潜在病原体。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉注射广谱抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@具有安全的胎儿宫内状态时，引产较为合适。妊娠胆汁淤积@具有不安全的胎儿宫内状态时，建议剖宫产。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "剖宫产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 驱虫治疗 恩波批维铵（pyrvinium embonate):是治疗蛲虫感染的首选药物。 噻嘧啶(pymntel pamoate):为广谱高效驱虫药。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "蛲虫感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "噻嘧啶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "噻嘧啶",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "pymntel pamoate"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "pyrvinium embonate",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "恩波批维铵"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "恩波批维铵",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "pyrvinium embonate"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "蛲虫感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恩波批维铵"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
毛细胞白血病@### 西半球的位置 西半球更多见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "毛细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "西半球的位置"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@ 急性播散性脑脊髓炎 (ADEM)： * 是与 MS 相关但又与其有区别的一种单相病程疾病。多发性硬化症@ * 表现为明显的病毒感染后或疫苗接种后 CNS 功能障碍，包括脑病表现和 MRI 上多发的颅内病灶（所有病变几乎同时出现）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "急性播散性脑脊髓炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多发性硬化症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性播散性脑脊髓炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ADEM"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
5）钙和镁的补充：一般患儿无须常规服用钙剂，对合并营养不良或佝偻病的患儿应早期给钙。在输液过程中如出现抽搐，可给予10%葡萄糖酸钙5～10ml，静脉缓注，必要时重复使用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "10%葡萄糖酸钙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
5.肾血管疾患 坏死性血管炎，过敏性血管炎，恶性高血压，肾动脉血栓形成或栓塞，双侧肾静脉血栓形成。败血症也可引起弥散性血管内凝血（DIC），导致急性肾衰。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "败血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾血管疾患"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "败血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弥散性血管内凝血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "弥散性血管内凝血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DIC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "坏死性血管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾血管疾患"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "过敏性血管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾血管疾患"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "恶性高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾血管疾患"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
III级以上PVH-IVH、梗阻性脑积水、侧脑室进行性增大者，可于病情稳定后(生后2周左右）行脑室外引流。常用的方法有顶骨帽状腱膜下埋置储液器（Ommaya reservoir)，或脑室-腹腔分流术，以缓解脑室内压力。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "侧脑室进行性增大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室-腹腔分流术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "梗阻性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室-腹腔分流术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "PVH-IVH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室-腹腔分流术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "PVH-IVH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室外引流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "梗阻性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室外引流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "侧脑室进行性增大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室外引流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@## 新兴疗法 ### 幽门螺杆菌的替代疗法。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "幽门螺杆菌的替代疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
@ 2.重症病例少数病例除了手足口病的临床表现外,病情迅速进展，伴有以下任一系统并发症的病例，为重症病例。 呼吸系统：可发生肺水肿、肺出血、肺功能衰竭等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "手足口病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "手足口病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "手足口病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺功能衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
原发症征候，如松果体肿瘤的上视不能，小脑蚓部肿瘤的共济失调等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "松果体肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上视不能"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小脑蚓部肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "共济失调"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@ ### 坏疽性胆囊炎 | 短期 | 中 在 2% 至 30% 的病例中出现。胆囊炎@由于血管损伤，最常在胆囊底部出现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "坏疽性胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊底部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坏疽性胆囊炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
妊娠期高血压@## 患者指导 通常建议孕妇，如果可能，每天监测血压，进行自检尿蛋白，如有任何症状，应立即报告，包括胎动减少。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胎动减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "监测血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
本部分主要阐述新生儿细菌性败血症（neonatal bacterial septicemia)。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿细菌性败血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "neonatal bacterial septicemia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@肝硬化、绝经后骨质减少或椎体压缩、情绪不稳或精神疾病、高血压控制不良或脆弱性糖尿病的患者，服用皮质类固醇药物的不良反应风险增加（因此预后可能较差）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "情绪不稳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压控制不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脆弱性糖尿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@铅中毒的主要症状是神经毒性作用，可以影响中枢或周围神经系统。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经系统"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经毒性作用"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@ 新型 ICS 药物，例如莫米松、环索奈徳和糠酸氟替卡松，目前只获准用于 12 周岁及以上的儿童，被认为具有较好的副作用记录。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "莫米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环索奈徳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糠酸氟替卡松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新型 ICS 药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
高血压急症@硝酸甘油可扩张外周血管，静脉药理作用强于动脉可降低心脏前负荷和心输出量，并增加冠脉血流起效时间：立即；作用时间：3 至 5 min。 高血压急症@第二 – 拉贝洛尔及硝酸甘油 #### 第一选择 [ 硝酸甘油 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 5-100 μg/min静脉滴注 拉贝洛尔为 α-1 及非选择性 β 受体阻滞剂，可降低全身血管阻力、平均动脉压 (MAP) 、心率，可降低或不影响心输出量。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高血压急症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉贝洛尔及硝酸甘油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@ 相比延后的胆囊切除术（入院后 6 周以上），症状发作后 72 小时内的 ELC 在并发症率、成本、生活质量和住院天数方面具有明显益处。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@限制蛋白摄入只有在4或5期的患者才推荐使用，其可作为一种控制尿毒症并延缓透析的策略。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "限制蛋白摄入"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@ AML 伴骨髓增生异常相关性变化 (AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, AML-MRC) 治疗相关的髓系肿瘤 AML，非特殊类型 (not otherwise specified, NOS) * 微分化型 AML * 未成熟型 AML * 成熟型 AML * 急性粒-单核细胞白血病 * 急性单核细胞白血病 * 纯红系白血病 * 急性巨核细胞白血病 * 急性嗜碱性粒细胞白血病 * 急性全髓白血病伴骨髓纤维化。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "微分化型 AML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "未成熟型 AML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "成熟型 AML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性粒-单核细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性单核细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纯红系白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性巨核细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
此类患儿多有营养障碍，营养支持疗法对促进肠黏膜损伤的修复、胰腺功能的恢复、微绒毛上皮细胞双糖酶的产生等进而恢复健康是必要的治疗措施。 双糖不耐受患儿食用含双糖(包括乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖）的饮食可使腹泻加重,其中以乳糖不耐受最多见，治疗中应注意减少饮食中的双糖负荷，如采用不含乳糖代乳品或去乳糖配方奶粉等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "营养支持疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
高血压急症@酚妥拉明可阻滞α肾上腺素受体，其主要血液动力学效应为增加心率及心收缩力。 高血压急症@不使用拟交感神经药 – 第二 – 拉贝洛尔及硝普钠 #### 第一选择 [ 拉贝洛尔 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 根据治疗反应，每 10 min 静注 20 mg，总剂量上限 300 mg，或 0.5 至 2 mg/min 静脉输注。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高血压急症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉贝洛尔及硝普钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
第十二章 化脓性脑膜炎 化脓性脑膜炎（purulent meningitis）以下简称化脑，是由化脓菌引起的脑膜炎症。本病常为败血症的一部分或继发于败血症，但也可作为一种局部感染而存在。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "败血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脓性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "purulent meningitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脓菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@如果静脉通路可行，则使用劳拉西泮。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "劳拉西泮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
第四节 黏多糖病 【概述】 黏多糖病（mucopolysaccharidosis，MPS）是一组遗传性溶酶体贮积症，因降解各种黏多糖所需的溶酶体酶缺陷，造成不能完全降解的黏多糖在溶酶体中贮积，并有大量黏多糖从尿中排出。 【临床表现】 黏多糖是结缔组织的主要成分，因此黏多糖代谢异常累及全身器官，患者一般出生时正常，随年龄增大，临床症状逐渐明显，其共同特征是在出生一年左右出现生长落后。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏多糖病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长落后"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "黏多糖病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "mucopolysaccharidosis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "黏多糖病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MPS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "mucopolysaccharidosis",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MPS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
真菌感染性疾病@ （一）真菌感染的影响因素 1.真菌因素 当机体缺乏对致病真菌的特异性免疫时，致病真菌可使正常健康人感染发病。 真菌感染性疾病@ 3.其他因素 实施某些使机体抵抗力降低的诊疗措施，如使用抗生素、激素、免疫抑制剂或接受放疗和化疗的肿瘤患者、脾摘除、器官移植及外伤等患者，易受条件致病真菌感染。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "真菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "其他因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "真菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "真菌因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【病理变化】 HIE的病理变化与胎龄、损伤性质和程度密切相关，主要有以下几种病理类型： （一）两侧大脑半球损伤 主要见于足月儿，窒息为不完全性，首先发生器官间的血液分流（潜水反射）以保证心、脑血供；随着缺氧持续，血压下降，血流第二次重新分布（脑内分流），即大脑半球的血供由于前脑循环血管收缩而减少，而丘脑、脑干和小脑的血供则由于后脑循环血管扩张而增加。 （三）脑室周围白质软化 主要见于早产儿，侧脑室周围缺氧缺血，导致深部白质脑细胞死亡，常呈对称性分布，以后可发生以两下肢受累为主的瘫痪。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "HIE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室周围白质软化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "HIE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室周围白质软化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "HIE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两侧大脑半球损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "HIE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两侧大脑半球损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "两侧大脑半球损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足月儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "脑室周围白质软化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@### 持续性或反复性强直阵挛发作伴意识水平改变（全身惊厥性 SE） 持续强直阵挛癫痫发作伴随意识完全丧失，或反复性强直阵挛癫痫发作且无基线意识恢复。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "持续强直阵挛癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "意识完全丧失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "反复性强直阵挛癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无基线意识恢复"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@放射治疗史可能引起放射性食管炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "放射性食管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放射治疗史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@禁忌使用免疫抑制剂疗法（血细胞减少症、活动性恶性疾病或巯嘌呤甲基转移酶缺乏症）的患者，可进行皮质类固醇单药治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇单药治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |