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（四）小儿一些常见药物中毒的主要处理原则 1.水杨酸盐 以5%碳酸氢钠或1∶5000高锰酸钾溶液洗胃；5%碳酸氢钠6ml/kg及维生素K110mg，每天1次静滴，补液利尿，碱化尿液。 2.巴比妥类及苯二氮类 1∶5000高锰酸钾洗胃；安钠咖6～12mg/kg，肌内注射；或贝美格1mg/kg，静注；或纳洛酮0. 01mg/kg，肌内注射；4～6小时后可重复1次，直至神志转清。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1∶5000高锰酸钾洗胃"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "安钠咖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贝美格"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纳洛酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "碳酸氢钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
血吸虫病@### 罕见 查看全部 ### 呼吸困难 慢性血吸虫病患者中由于肺纤维化和肺动脉高压可出现进行性呼吸困难。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "进行性呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
15.青少年失神癫痫 青春期左右发病，7～17岁起病，发病年龄高峰在10～12岁，男女性别无差异，失神发作频率较少，不一定每天均有发作，多伴有全身强直-阵挛发作。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "青少年失神癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "7～17岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "青少年失神癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "10～12岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
胆管癌@### 胆总管结石病 胆总管结石增加了患肝内胆管癌的风险，校正OR为4.0，95%CI为1.9-8.5。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "肝内胆管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆总管结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@左氧氟沙星对于革兰阳性细菌的覆盖优于环丙沙星。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左氧氟沙星"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环丙沙星"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（三）神经影像学检查 CT和MRI是诊断脑脓肿的首选检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
人粒细胞无形体病@严重者可出现感染中毒性休克、肝炎、心肌炎、机会性感染、急性肾衰竭、呼吸窘迫综合征、弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）及多脏器功能衰竭等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染中毒性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "机会性感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肾衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸窘迫综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弥漫性血管内凝血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人粒细胞无形体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多脏器功能衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "弥漫性血管内凝血",
"subject_type": "症状",
"object": {
"@value": "DIC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@有阑尾肿瘤，除非发生远处转移否则不会出现类癌综合征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "阑尾肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "类癌综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（三）急性运动 感觉性轴索型神经病（AMSAN）病理改变过程是补体激活，巨噬细胞与神经结接触，轴索周围间隙被打开，巨噬细胞游走其中；紧接着发生轴索皱缩，部分患者可发生轴索变性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "感觉性轴索型神经病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AMSAN"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@## 监测 进行胆囊切除术的患者应在出院后 2 周内返回医院复查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@更多局部手术治疗，例如楔形切除术或肺段切除术（去除肺叶的一部分），通常适于年老、有并发症或肺功能障碍的患者，但复发率较高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "楔形切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺段切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ 研究支持 和反对 奥曲肽缓解疼痛的建议。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奥曲肽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
幼年型皮肌炎@ 2.环磷酰胺（CTX） 每次0. 5～0. 75g/m2，每月一次静滴。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "幼年型皮肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环磷酰胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "环磷酰胺",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "CTX"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@## 治疗流程 请注意，同一药物不同名称的剂型和剂量可能不同： [ 参见免责声明 ](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/disclaimer/) 初始 ### 可能的细菌性脑膜炎 查看全部 1 月龄以下的婴儿 首选 – 抗生素治疗 如果患者病情非常严重、免疫力受损或此前已接受抗生素治疗，可经验性抗生素治疗，因为延迟使用抗生素与不良结果相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经验性抗生素治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
克罗恩病可累及胃肠道各部位，呈慢性肉芽肿性炎症，以回肠末段及其邻近结肠最常受累。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠道各部位"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呈慢性肉芽肿性炎症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "回肠末段及其邻近结肠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@### 疟疾 传染性病原体和红细胞的直接相互作用会导致溶血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疟疾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
第五节 出血性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断 一、概 述 皮肤、黏膜自发性出血或轻微损伤后出血不易自行停止者称为出血倾向，由于创伤、溃疡、肿瘤坏死等损伤中、小血管引起的出血不属于此范畴。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "出血性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "出血性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@### 杵状指 在非小细胞肺癌中比在 SCLC 中更常见 (35% VS 4%）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "杵状指"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@ * 雷诺嗪是一种改善心室舒张张力和耗氧量的抗心绞痛药物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "雷诺嗪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（一）肾小球性血尿 指血尿部位来源于肾小球。 1.原发性肾小球疾病 如急性、慢性肾小球肾炎，肾病综合征（肾病），急进性肾炎，IgA肾病，遗传性肾炎等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肾小球性血尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发性肾小球疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肾小球性血尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小球"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "原发性肾小球疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性、慢性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "原发性肾小球疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾病综合征（肾病）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "原发性肾小球疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "原发性肾小球疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "IgA肾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "原发性肾小球疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传性肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@造影剂诱导的肾病是常见的潜在严重并发症，特别是在基线肾功能损害患者中。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【病因】 根据不同病因，一般将休克分为分布性休克、低血容量性休克、心源性休克和梗阻性休克。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分布性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血容量性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心源性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梗阻性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
抗感染治疗 利巴韦林为广谱的抗病毒药物，毛细支气管炎多为RSV感染所致，但并不推荐常规应用利巴韦林，包括雾化吸入途径给药，偶用于严重的RSV感染或有高危因素的RSV感染患儿。继发细菌感染者应用抗菌药物。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗菌药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
登革热@[ 麻疹感染 ](/topics/zh-cn/217) ### 风疹 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 斑丘疹，通常从头部蔓延到脚。 登革热@病毒培养和逆转录聚合酶链反应：可能阳性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "风疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒培养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "风疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "逆转录聚合酶链反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "风疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "风疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "斑丘疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "斑丘疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "斑丘疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@对于明显降低生活质量并需要长期应用阿片类药物控制的疼痛，可能需要进行外科手术或内镜治疗等干预手段。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
第二节 急进性肾小球肾炎 急进性肾小球肾炎（rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis，RPGN）简称急进性肾炎，系急进性肾炎综合征。 （三）药物 青霉胺、肼屈嗪、别嘌呤醇（伴血管炎）及利福平等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肼屈嗪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "利福平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RPGN"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急进性肾炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【实验室检査】 尿液分析 常规检查:尿蛋白定性多在+++，约15%有短暂显微镜下血尿,大多可见透明管型、颗粒管型和卵圆脂肪小体。 血清蛋白、胆固醇和肾功能测定 血清白蛋白浓度≤25g/L可诊断为肾病综合征的低白蛋白血症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液分析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "低白蛋白血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "低白蛋白血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "低白蛋白血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾功能测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@远端疾病（直肠炎和左侧疾病、脾曲以下）通常可进行局部治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@### 定义 是孕妇或产妇（通常在分娩后7天以内）中以溶血(H)、肝酶升高(EL)、低血小板(LP)为特征的先兆子痫的一种严重形式。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝酶升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血小板"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先兆子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HELLP 综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
短暂性抽动障碍又称为抽动症或习惯性痉挛，是抽动障碍中最多见的一种类型，大多数儿童表现为简单性运动抽动，少数表现为单纯发声抽动，病程持续时间不超过1年。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "短暂性抽动障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抽动症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "短暂性抽动障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "习惯性痉挛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "短暂性抽动障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单纯发声抽动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
3.蛔虫性阑尾炎或腹膜炎 一旦诊断明确，应及早手术治疗。长期预防蛔虫病的最有效措施是对人粪必须进行无害化处理后再当肥料使用，以及提供对污水处理的卫生设施。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "蛔虫性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "腹膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@ 通常发生在30岁到40岁之间的女性。甲状腺癌@ 细针穿刺是最重要的诊断性试验。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "30岁到40岁之间"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
一年四季均有化脓性脑膜炎发生，但肺炎链球菌以冬、春季多见，而脑膜炎球菌和流感嗜血杆菌引起的化脓性脑膜炎分别以春、秋季发病多。脑膜炎球菌和流感嗜血杆菌引起的化脓性脑膜炎有时伴有关节痛。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "秋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
咽结膜热(pharyngo-conjunctival fever):病原体为腺病毒3、7型。临床表现为高热、咽痛、眼部刺痛，有时伴消化道症状。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "咽结膜热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "咽结膜热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "咽结膜热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼部刺痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "咽结膜热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化道症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "咽结膜热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腺病毒3、7型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@与HNPCC相关的最常见妇科恶性肿瘤是子宫内膜癌，但卵巢癌也与Lynch II综合征相关。 卵巢癌@### 弱 查看全部 ### 未生育女性 卵巢癌的发生率随着分娩次数的增加而降低。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "未生育女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@≥20年预期生存期 – 首选 – 根治性前列腺切除术±淋巴结清扫术 对于极低风险前列腺癌，必须满足以下条件：T1c 期，PSA＜10 μg/L (＜10 ng/mL)，Gleason 评分≤6，少于 3 个活检穿刺点阳性，任一针穿刺活检的肿瘤所占比例≤50%，同时 PSA 密度＜0.15 ng/mL/g。 前列腺癌@当肿瘤局限于前列腺时，可选择根治性前列腺切除术（根据患者意愿及是否适合进行手术）；是否进行淋巴结清扫术依据列线图的预测结果。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "根治性前列腺切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结清扫术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@短效药物包括沙丁胺醇和异丙托溴铵。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "沙丁胺醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "异丙托溴铵"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
三、食物和呕吐物吸入 除食物本身的刺激外，反流的胃酸亦是肺损伤的重要决定因素。严重者气管内吸引和机械通气。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "食物和呕吐物吸入",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气管内吸引和机械通气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
八、松果体区肿瘤第十一篇 儿童常见肿瘤 第六章 中枢神经系统肿瘤松果体区肿瘤占儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤的。由于肿瘤位于脑重要部位，手术死亡率高，因此除畸胎瘤要求完整切除外，其余肿瘤手术目的是部分切除肿瘤，解除脑积水并了解肿瘤性质，或仅做立体定向活检，以利放疗或化疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "死亡率",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手术死亡率高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "定向活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
狂犬病@ * 咬伤（ACIP标准）或II、III级暴露（WHO标准）者，需给予狂犬病疫苗。狂犬病@ * ACIP建议肌肉注射疫苗，且必须在正确的部位注射。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "狂犬病疫苗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@## 鉴别诊断 ### 查看全部 ### 胡萝卜素血症 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 黄色主要见于手掌和足底，而巩膜和黏膜未见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胡萝卜素血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "胡萝卜素血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手掌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "胡萝卜素血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足底"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@可进行二次刮除来去除焦痂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "焦痂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "二次刮除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
肝癌@ ### 下肢水肿 非特异性表现。肝癌@ ### 肝性脑病 在肝硬化失代偿的患者中常见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下肢水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
患儿不恰当长期禁用食盐或长期食用不含钠的食盐代用品、过多使用利尿剂以及感染、呕吐、腹泻等因素均可致低钠血症。 其临床表现可有厌食、乏力、懒言、嗜睡、血压下降甚至出现休克、抽搐等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乏力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "懒言"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嗜睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血压下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抽搐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不恰当长期禁用食盐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过多使用利尿剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "低钠血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
尘肺@### 表现特征 显著疾病患者会出现呼吸短促、咳嗽、胸闷和/或哮鸣的症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸短促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸闷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哮鸣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@其他在青少年咽炎患者中偶有发现的细菌包括 _支原体_ 和 _溶血隐秘杆菌_ 。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶血隐秘杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@大约30%的患者症状提示重症肌无力（例如，上睑下垂,复视）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "重症肌无力",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上睑下垂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "重症肌无力",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复视"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
儿童腺样增殖体肥大可出现慢性的无鼻音的发声。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童腺样增殖体肥大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性的无鼻音的发声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
地中海贫血又称海洋性贫血（thalassemia)、珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血,是遗传性溶血性贫血的一组疾病。 α地中海贫血 人类α珠蛋白基因簇位于第16号染色体短臂末端（16p13. 3)。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "地中海贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "α地中海贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "地中海贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "海洋性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "地中海贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "thalassemia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "地中海贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@在治疗期间应当常规监测血清钾水平，尤其是在开始治疗期间。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清钾水平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@ 虽然尚未证实该治疗有益于中等风险和高风险疾病患者，对于这些患者，除了延迟免疫治疗或膀胱灌注化疗以外，常常术后立即行膀胱灌注化疗。膀胱癌@ * 肿瘤切除的完整性、3 个月时的复发率以及重复切除时残留病灶均对于预后具有重要意义。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱灌注化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "延迟免疫治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 由于临床诊断膀胱输尿管反流时症状多不明显或仅有非特异性表现,故确诊需依赖影像学检查。 下列情况应考虑反流存在的可能性①反复复发和迁延的泌尿道感染;②长期尿频、尿淋漓 或遗尿;③年龄较小（<2岁）和（或）男孩泌尿道感染;④中段尿培养持续阳性;⑤泌尿道感染伴尿路畸形;⑥家族一级亲属有膀胱输尿管反流、反流性肾病患者;⑦胎儿或婴儿期有肾盂积水。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "②长期尿频、尿淋漓 或遗尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "④中段尿培养持续阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "⑤泌尿道感染伴尿路畸形;"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反复复发和迁延"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱输尿管反流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长期尿频"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿淋漓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中段尿培养持续阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泌尿道感染伴尿路畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾盂积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "膀胱输尿管反流",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "影像学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
脑炎@[ 癫痫发作概述 ](/topics/zh-cn/112) ### 脑出血 | 存在差异 | 低 取决于脑炎的广泛性和严重性，会使治疗效果恶化。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@肺癌也与氡气有关，氡气为铀的放射性衰变产物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氡气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@ ### 脑梗死 | 存在差异 | 中 继发于球孢子菌感染炎症过程的血管炎可能导致梗死。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑梗死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
1947年Jervis对病人进行苯丙氨酸负荷实验，揭示PKU发病的生化基础是肝脏苯丙氨酸代谢障碍。1953年，德国的Bickel首先报道用低苯丙氨酸奶方治疗PKU病人获得成功。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "PKU",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低苯丙氨酸奶方"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "PKU",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低苯丙氨酸奶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "PKU",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏苯丙氨酸代谢障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "PKU",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏苯丙氨酸代谢障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
白喉@### 皮肤白喉 查看全部 首选 – 监控 ＋ 隔离 皮肤白喉患者通常轻微，可在门诊治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤白喉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "皮肤白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "监控"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "皮肤白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隔离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@几乎所有类癌综合征患者有肝转移，许多患者病变无法切除。类癌综合征@手术，转移灶的栓塞，射频消融或放射性同位素标记的奥曲肽适用于某些患者。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "转移灶的栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "射频消融"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@## 病史和查体 ### 关键诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 持续＞6周的活动性对称性关节炎 有些线索如血液检查阳性或缺乏感染的证据预示着发展为RA的可能。类风湿关节炎@这些关节触痛明显、运动范围（ROM）受限。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "运动范围（ROM）受限"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节触痛明显"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活动性对称性关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
失眠症@### 事故 由于越来越笨拙、注意力不集中以及瞌睡，睡眠不佳可能导致对患者自己或他人不断的较小至重大伤害。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "越来越笨拙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "注意力不集中"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瞌睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睡眠不佳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "事故"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性淋巴细胞白血病@附加 – 异基因造血干细胞移植 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 机能状态表现良好的患者同样应考虑进行异基因骨髓移植。慢性淋巴细胞白血病@ 虽然没有已完成的随机对照试验证明干细胞移植的临床疗效，但回顾性分析显示，异基因移植可提高选定患者群体的整体和无病生存率。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "异基因骨髓移植"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 EH主要依据短期内头围增大及特有的头颅CT 或MRI表现而予以诊断。 【预后】 良好，常于2～3岁时自愈，无后遗症发生。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "EH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无后遗症发生"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "EH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头围增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "EH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "EH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@如果出现了任何感染或发热体征，患者应立即向他们的医生报告。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
麻风病@ ### 淋巴水肿 | 存在差异 | 低 小腿可能出现淋巴水肿，被忽视的情况下会导致象皮病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "淋巴水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小腿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "淋巴水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "象皮病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@近端球囊引导导管或大口径远端导管联合支架取栓器（而不是单用颈部引导导管）在某些谨慎选择的患者中也可能有帮助。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "近端球囊引导导管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@[ 肠易激综合征 (IBS) ](/topics/zh-cn/122) ### 炎性肠病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 腹痛常为痉挛痛，位于左侧。腹主动脉瘤@患者一般出现腹泻（血样和非血样便）、排便急迫、里急后重。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "炎性肠病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "炎性肠病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排便急迫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "炎性肠病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "里急后重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@CPB技术性强，因此适用于阿片类似物耐药的难治性疼痛患者，以及小胰管病变引起的慢性胰腺炎不伴主胰管梗阻的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小胰管病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@结果 其他原因阴性 ### 尿液化学 检查 结果 检查 评估尿有机酸浓度。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液化学"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
小儿GBS特点：①前驱症状除腹泻外以不明发热多见；②肢体瘫上下肢多不对称；③脑神经麻痹少见；④感觉障碍少见；⑤早期肌萎缩少于成人；⑥病情变化快，但预后较成人佳；⑦脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离较成人不典型。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不明发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肢体瘫上下肢多不对称"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑神经麻痹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "小儿GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感觉障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌萎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第六节 维生素B6缺乏症 维生素B6有三种形式，即吡哆醇（pyridoxine，PN）、吡哆醛（pyridoxal，PA或PL）和吡哆胺（pyridoxamine，PM）。 【病因】 （一）膳食组成的影响 因为5-磷酸吡哆醛是氨基酸代谢中许多酶的辅酶，故蛋白质代谢需要维生素B6的参与，当膳食中蛋白质的摄入量高时，维生素B6的需要量也多，如以蛋白质摄入量为基础计算，摄取100g蛋白质，每天需摄入维生素B61. 5～2. 5mg。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膳食组成的影响"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膳食组成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@在无法经口进食的患者中，应放置营养管（经幽门空肠鼻饲管 -尽管许多患者可以耐受胃内喂养，但首选超过Vater壶腹）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放置营养管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
睾丸癌@患者的绝对中性粒计数＜500/μl或＜1000/μl并持续下降，此时需考虑是中性粒细胞减少症。 睾丸癌@[ 中性粒细胞减少的评估 ](/topics/zh-cn/893) ### 治疗相关肺毒性 | 短期 | 低 一般在博来霉素治疗6个月内出现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "治疗相关肺毒性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@在涵盖全部或大部分大脑中动脉 (MCA) 区域的大脑中动脉梗死（也被称为恶性 MCA 缺血性梗死）且意识在卒中发生后 45 小时内下降的患者中，应考虑去骨瓣减压术。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "大脑中动脉梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大脑中动脉 (MCA)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "去骨瓣减压术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@### 需要考虑的检查 ### 查看全部 ### 胸部、腹部、骨盆和双相肝 CT 检查 结果 检查 每 4 至 6 个月应该进行常规分期。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部、腹部、骨盆和双相肝 CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
登革热@由于儿童进展为DHF和DSS的趋势正在增加，因此实验室检查如血细胞比容，血小板计数，和尿量应定时监测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血细胞比容"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿量"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@ 偏瘫型偏头痛 * 表现为偏头痛发作期间单侧运动或感觉体征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "偏瘫型偏头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性淋巴细胞白血病@ ### 急性淋巴细胞白血病分类（WHO） 前体淋巴细胞肿瘤 B淋巴细胞白血病/非特指的淋巴瘤 B淋巴细胞白血病/淋巴瘤伴重现性遗传学异常 * t（9；22）BCR/ABL:占成人B-ALL的25%，儿童B-ALL的5%以下 * t(v;11q23)11q23 MLL重排：尤其是小于1岁的婴儿，在儿童中少见，在成人中发病率增加。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前体淋巴细胞肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "B淋巴细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@可有喉炎、咳嗽以及不典型胸痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不典型胸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@尽管它们不是诊断工具，且不是特定用于持续性抑郁症，但有助于心境障碍患者的筛查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "筛查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@结果 识别颈动脉闭塞或严重狭窄 ### 经颅多普勒超声 检查 结果 检查 可以用在有经验的医疗中心，以确定Willis环的主要动脉分支闭塞。 缺血性卒中@结果 可能显示颅内动脉闭塞或严重狭窄 ### 传统的（侵入性）血管造影 检查 结果 检查 通常不用于急性卒中，除非考虑同时进行血管内介入治疗，例如动脉内溶栓或取出血栓。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "传统的（侵入性）血管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经颅多普勒超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
宫颈癌@评估宫颈附近组织（宫旁和韧带）的理想方法。 宫颈癌@结果 异常 ### 全身PET检查 检查 结果 检查 用于治疗计划的制订，但根据FIGO标准不能改变分期。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身PET检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎（infective endocarditis，IE ) 80%以上由链球菌和葡萄球菌所致,其他尚有真菌、衣原体、立克次体及病毒等。 次要指标 易感染条件:基础心脏疾病、心脏手术、心导管术、经导管介入治疗、中心静脉内置管等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基础心脏疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏手术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心导管术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经导管介入治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中心静脉内置管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "链球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "葡萄球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "真菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "衣原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "立克次体及病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "infective endocarditis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "IE"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@肝功能异常或怀疑患有胆管梗阻的患者通常需要进行磁共振胰胆管造影术 (MRCP)、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术 (ERCP)、经腹超声检查和内镜超声检查 (EUS)，以排除胆管狭窄、肿瘤或结石。 急性胰腺炎@如果怀疑病因在于胆道，则应考虑将超声作为首选初始检查手段。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磁共振胰胆管造影术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRCP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜逆行胰胆管造影术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ERCP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "内镜超声检查",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "EUS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜超声检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
依据眼底检查情况将小儿高血压分为4度：Ⅰ度：正常眼底；Ⅱ度：有局灶性小动脉收缩；Ⅲ度：有渗出伴有或无出血；Ⅳ度：视神经乳头水肿。 （三）脑脊液检查 有助对中枢神经系统病变或铅中毒的诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "小儿高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑脊液检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
白喉@为增加对百日咳的保护，Tdap 疫苗可以在基础免疫的三剂中替代任何一剂 Td。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Tdap 疫苗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Td"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@每种预防性药物均应在初始预防性应用后大约 3 个月进行评估。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "预防性药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
第四章 脑积水 脑积水（hydrocephalus）系指脑脊液的分泌、循环或吸收过程发生障碍，导致颅内脑脊液增多，引起脑室和（或）蛛网膜下腔异常扩大的病理状态。于出生时就存在的脑积水称为先天性脑积水，在出生后有明确病因产生的脑积水称为后天性（获得性）脑积水。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性脑积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "后天性（获得性）脑积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "hydrocephalus"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（一）胎母输血 胎母输血（fetal maternal transfusion）又称经胎盘失血，是指胎儿血通过胎盘进入母血循环，发生率占妊娠的10%，但多数失血量少，仅1%胎儿经胎盘失血量超过50ml。分娩时发生的急性经胎盘失血，出生时贫血不明显，但可引起低血容量性休克，随着细胞外液不断进入血液循环以代偿低血容量，24小时后患儿可出现贫血，但无肝、脾大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "胎母输血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血容量性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "胎母输血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "fetal maternal transfusion"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
狂犬病@病情进展迅猛，伴随着言语不清、幻觉、躁狂，甚至需要气管插管、镇静。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "言语不清"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "幻觉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "躁狂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
结节型多动脉炎@ （二）皮肤 沿浅动脉走行或不规则聚集于血管近旁的皮下结节，呈红色，有触痛，多见于下肢，也可有瘀斑、网状青斑、水肿或溃疡。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瘀斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "网状青斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@体检常见右上腹压痛、触及右上腹胀大的胆囊和墨菲征阳性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右上腹压痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "触及右上腹胀大的胆囊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "墨菲征阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
狂犬病@ [ NaTHNaC/Travel Health Pro: rabies factsheet ](http://travelhealthpro.org.uk/rabies/) ### 近期与蝙蝠接触 在美国，超过95%的本土病例是由蝙蝠病毒引起的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "近期与蝙蝠接触"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
口腔黏膜炎@放疗后的口腔黏膜炎仅限于放疗部位。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "口腔黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放疗部位"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
肺炎患儿的细菌学检查则较为困难。 （二）非特异性病原学检查 如外周血白细胞计数和分类计数、血白细胞碱性磷酸酶积分、四唑氮蓝试验等，对判断细菌或病毒可能有一定的参考价值。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周血白细胞计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分类计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四唑氮蓝试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@因为老年人免疫力底下，建议联合使用万古霉素、头孢曲松和氨苄西林。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "万古霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头孢曲松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨苄西林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白内障@越来越多的证据表明，前房内抗生素注射可减少眼内炎的发生率。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "眼内炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前房内抗生素注射"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 本病的诊断标准（试行，1994年10月，武汉）包括临床与实验室两个方面的依据： （一）临床诊断依据 能证实宿主体内有HCMV侵入，无论有无症状或病变均称为CMV感染。 2.根据临床征象分类 （1）症状性感染（symptomatic infection）： 出现HCMV感染相关的症状体征，损害宿主2个或2个以上器官或系统时称全身性感染（systemic infection），多见于先天性感染；主要集中于宿主的某一器官或系统如肝脏或肺部时，则称为CMV肝炎或CMV肺炎。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "CMV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "症状性感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "症状性感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "symptomatic infection"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@ 如果高度怀疑疟疾，应连续3天每天做血涂片检测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血涂片检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
麻风病@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 瘫痪麻痹 | 存在差异 | 中 麻风病患者的常见瘫痪麻痹为爪形手、足下垂、睑裂闭合不全和腕下垂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瘫痪麻痹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "爪形手"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足下垂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睑裂闭合不全"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腕下垂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "爪形手"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "瘫痪麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "爪形手"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "瘫痪麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足下垂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "瘫痪麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睑裂闭合不全"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "瘫痪麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腕下垂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@美国现在最常见的肾小球肾炎是局灶节段性肾小球硬化，特别是在黑人中。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |