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๋๋์
์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋๋์
์ ์ผ๋๋ฐ ๊ณฑ์
์ ์ญ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ์ฐํ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๋ฐฉ๊ธ ๋งํ ๋๋ก ์ค์ ์ฐ์ฐ์ ๊ณฑํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์๋๋๋ค. | So, division -- we've used division because it's the inverse to multiplication, but as I've just said, the multiplication is a bit of a lie here. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋งค์ฐ ๋ณต์กํ ๋น์ ํ ์ฐ์ฐ์ด๊ณ ์ญ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ์ฐํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | This is a very, very complicated, very non-linear operation; it has no inverse. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด ๊ณต์์ ๋๋์ง ์๊ณ ํด๊ฒฐํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฐพ์์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. | So we have to figure out a way to solve the equation without a division operator. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๊ฐ๋จํฉ๋๋ค. | And the way to do that is fairly straightforward. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋์ํ์ ์กฐ๊ธ ์ด์ฉํด 6์ ๊ณต์์ ์ฐ๋ณ์ผ๋ก ์ฎ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. | You just say, let's play a little algebra trick, and move the six over to the right-hand side of the equation. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๋ฌ๋ฉด ๊ณฑํ๊ธฐ๋ง ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | Now, we're still using multiplication. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 0์ ์ค๋ฅ๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํฉ์๋ค. | And that zero -- let's think about it as an error. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ค์ ๋งํด, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ w๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํด์ ์ ๋ต์ด ๋์ค๋ฉด ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ 0์ด ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ | In other words, if we've solved for w the right way, then the error will be zero. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๋ชป๋ ๊ฐ์ ๊ตฌํ๋ค๋ฉด ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ 0๋ณด๋ค ์ปค์ง ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | And if we haven't gotten it quite right, the error will be greater than zero. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ถ์ธกํด์ ์ค๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ต์ํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๋ฐ ๊ฒ์ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ์ํ๋ ์ผ์ด์ฃ . | So now we can just take guesses to minimize the error, and that's the sort of thing computers are very good at. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋์ ์ต์ด์ ์ถ์ธก์ผ๋ก w๊ฐ 0์ด๋ผ๋ฉด | So you've taken an initial guess: what if w = 0? | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ค๋ฅ๋ 6์
๋๋ค. | Well, then the error is 6. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
w๊ฐ 1์ด๋ฉด ์ค๋ฅ๋ 4์
๋๋ค. | What if w = 1? The error is 4. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ์ ๋ง๋ฅด์ฝ ํด๋ก๊ฐ์ด ์ฌํํ๋ฉด ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ 0์ ๊ฐ๊น์์ง ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | And then the computer can sort of play Marco Polo, and drive down the error close to zero. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด์ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก w ๊ฐ์ ๊ทผ์ฌ์น๋ฅผ ์ป์ด๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | As it does that, it's getting successive approximations to w. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ํํ ๊ฐ์ ์ป์ง ๋ชปํ์ง๋ง ์์ญ ๋จ๊ณ๊ฐ ์ง๋๋ฉด w๋ 2.999๋ฅผ ์ป๊ฒ ๋๊ณ ์ด๋ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ๊ทผ์ ํ ๊ฐ์
๋๋ค. | Typically, it never quite gets there, but after about a dozen steps, we're up to w = 2.999, which is close enough. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๊ฒ์ด ํ์ต ๊ณผ์ ์
๋๋ค. | And this is the learning process. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ง์ x์ y ๊ฐ์ ์๊ณ ์๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ w ๊ฐ์ ์ถ๋ก ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์์๋ด๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. | So remember that what's been going on here is that we've been taking a lot of known x's and known y's and solving for the w in the middle through an iterative process. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ๋๊ฐ ํ์ตํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค. | It's exactly the same way that we do our own learning. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด๋ฆด ์ ์๋ง์ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง๋ฅผ ์ ํ๊ณ "์ด๊ฒ์ ์๋ค, ์ด๊ฒ์ ์๊ฐ ์๋๋ค" ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฃ์ต๋๋ค. | We have many, many images as babies and we get told, "This is a bird; this is not a bird." | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๊ฐ์ด ํ๋ฌ ๋ฐ๋ณตํ๋ฉด์ w๋ฅผ ์์๋ด์ฃ . ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | And over time, through iteration, we solve for w, we solve for those neural connections. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ณ ์ ๋ x์ w๊ฐ์ผ๋ก y๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๊ฒ์ ๋งค์ผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ๋ ์ธ์์
๋๋ค. | So now, we've held x and w fixed to solve for y; that's everyday, fast perception. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
w ๊ฐ์ ๊ตฌํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํ์ต์ด๊ณ ๋ ์ด๋ ต์ต๋๋ค. ์๋๋ฉด ๋ง์ ํ๋ จ ์์๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ค๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ต์ํ ํด์ผ ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . | We figure out how we can solve for w, that's learning, which is a lot harder, because we need to do error minimization, using a lot of training examples. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฝ 1๋
์ ์ ์ ํฌ ํ์ ์๋ ์ค ๋ชจ๋๋น์ธ ์ธํ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ x๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ๋ฉด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋๋์ง ์คํํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ์ต๋๋ค. w์ y ๊ฐ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ค๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | And about a year ago, Alex Mordvintsev, on our team, decided to experiment with what happens if we try solving for x, given a known w and a known y. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ค์ ๋งํ์๋ฉด ์๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ธ์ํ ์ ์๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ๋ ์ํ์์ ์์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ์์๋ด๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | In other words, you know that it's a bird, and you already have your neural network that you've trained on birds, but what is the picture of a bird? | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋๊ฐ์ ์ค๋ฅ ์ต์ํ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ์๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ ์ ์๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ | It turns out that by using exactly the same error-minimization procedure, one can do that with the network trained to recognize birds, and the result turns out to be ... | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์์ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์
๋๋ค. | a picture of birds. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ ์ ์๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด y ๊ฐ์ ๊ตฌํ๋ ๋์ x ๊ฐ์ ์ถ๋ก ํ์ฌ ๊ตฌํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. | So this is a picture of birds generated entirely by a neural network that was trained to recognize birds, just by solving for x rather than solving for y, and doing that iteratively. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ๋๋ฆฌ๋ฉด | Here's another fun example. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ์ ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ๋ง์ดํฌ ํฐ์นด์ ์ํ์
๋๋ค. ์ด ์ํ์ ์ ๋ชฉ์ "๋๋ฌผ ํ์ง"์
๋๋ค. | This was a work made by Mike Tyka in our group, which he calls "Animal Parade." | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ฆฌ์ ์ผํธ๋ฆฌ์ง์ ์ํ์ด ๋ ์ฌ๋์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ์ค์ผ์น๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋ค๊ฐ ์ง์ฐ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋ค๊ฐ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฐ ์์ผ๋ก ์์์ ๋ง๋ค์ฃ . | It reminds me a little bit of William Kentridge's artworks, in which he makes sketches, rubs them out, makes sketches, rubs them out, and creates a movie this way. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ ๋ง์ดํฌ๊ฐ ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณ์ y๋ฅผ ๋ค์ํ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค๋ก ์ค์ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ ์ ์๋๋ก ์ค๊ณ๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์์์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | In this case, what Mike is doing is varying y over the space of different animals, in a network designed to recognize and distinguish different animals from each other. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ด๋ฐ ํฌ์ํ ์์
ํ์ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค์ด ๋ณํ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋์ต๋๋ค. | And you get this strange, Escher-like morph from one animal to another. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ดํฌ์ ์๋ ์ค๋ y ๊ฐ์ ์ค์ฌ 2์ฐจ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ํํํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ด ๋คํธ์ํฌ๊ฐ ์ธ์ํ ์ ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ข
๋ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ง๋๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์์ต๋๋ค. | Here he and Alex together have tried reducing the y's to a space of only two dimensions, thereby making a map out of the space of all things recognized by this network. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๋ฐ ์ข
๋ฅ์ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง ํตํฉ ํน์ ์์ฑ์ ํ๋ฉด ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑธ์ณ y๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ํด์ ์ด๋ฐ ์ง๋๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ญ๋๋ค. ๋คํธ์ํฌ๊ฐ ์ธ์ํ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ง๋์
๋๋ค. | Doing this kind of synthesis or generation of imagery over that entire surface, varying y over the surface, you make a kind of map -- a visual map of all the things the network knows how to recognize. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ชจ๋ ๋๋ฌผ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ ๊ธฐ "์๋ฅด๋ง๋๋ก"๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. | The animals are all here; "armadillo" is right in that spot. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ก ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | You can do this with other kinds of networks as well. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ์ผ๊ตด์ ์ธ์ํ๋๋ก ์ค๊ณ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ๋๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | This is a network designed to recognize faces, to distinguish one face from another. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ ํฌ๊ฐ y์ "์ "๋ฅผ ๋ฃ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๋ณ์๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | And here, we're putting in a y that says, "me," my own face parameters. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๊ฒ์ด x๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฐ ์๋นํ ์ ์ ์๊ณ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ์
์ฒดํ, ์ดํ์ค์ฃผ์, ์ฌ์ดํค๋ธ๋ฆญํ ์ ์ฌ์ง์ ๋ง๋ญ๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ชจ์ต์ ํ ๋ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์์. | And when this thing solves for x, it generates this rather crazy, kind of cubist, surreal, psychedelic picture of me from multiple points of view at once. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ชจ์ต์ ํ ๋ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ๋ ์ด์ ๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ์ค๊ณ์์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ํ ๋ชจ์ต์์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์ต์ผ๋ก ๋์ด๊ฐ๋ ๋ชจํธํ ๊ณผ์ ์ด ์ ๊ฑฐ๋์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
๋๋ค. ํน์ ๊ฐ๋์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๋ณด๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | The reason it looks like multiple points of view at once is because that network is designed to get rid of the ambiguity of a face being in one pose or another pose, being looked at with one kind of lighting, another kind of lighting. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋์ ์ด๊ฒ์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฑํ ๋ ๊ฐ์ด๋ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง๋ ํต๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฐ ํผ๋์ค๋ฌ์ด ์์ ๋ค์ด ๋์ต๋๋ค. ๋ชจํธํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . | So when you do this sort of reconstruction, if you don't use some sort of guide image or guide statistics, then you'll get a sort of confusion of different points of view, because it's ambiguous. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ์๋ ์ค๊ฐ ๋ณธ์ธ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๊ฐ์ด๋๋ก ์ด์ฉํด ์ต์ ํ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๋ง๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | This is what happens if Alex uses his own face as a guide image during that optimization process to reconstruct my own face. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ณด์๋ค์ํผ ์๋ฒฝํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. | So you can see it's not perfect. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ต์ ํ๋ฅผ ํด์ผ ํ ์ง ์์ง๋ ๊ฐ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | There's still quite a lot of work to do on how we optimize that optimization process. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
ํ์ง๋ง ์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๊ฐ์ด๋๋ก ์ฐ๋ฉด ๋ ์ผ๊ด๋ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๊ตฌํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | But you start to get something more like a coherent face, rendered using my own face as a guide. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ตณ์ด ๋น ์บ๋ฒ์ค๋ก ์์ํ์ง ์์๋ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ํน์ ๋ฐฑ์ ์ก์์ผ๋ก์. | You don't have to start with a blank canvas or with white noise. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
x๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ ๋ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์์ x๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํด๋ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | When you're solving for x, you can begin with an x, that is itself already some other image. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ด ๋ฐ๋ก ๊ทธ ์์
๋๋ค. | That's what this little demonstration is. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ๋๋ก ์ค๊ณ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์ธ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ ๋๋ฌผ ๋ฑ์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | This is a network that is designed to categorize all sorts of different objects -- man-made structures, animals ... | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ ํฌ๋ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ ์ฌ์ง์ ์ด์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ํฌ๊ฐ ์ต์ ํ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์์ ๋ฌด์์ด ๋ณด์ด๋์ง ๊ตฌ๋ถํฉ๋๋ค. | Here we're starting with just a picture of clouds, and as we optimize, basically, this network is figuring out what it sees in the clouds. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ ์์ธํ ๋ณด์๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ์์ ๋ ๋ค์ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณผ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | And the more time you spend looking at this, the more things you also will see in the clouds. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ์ธ์ํ๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ก ํ๊ฐ์ ๋ง๋ค๋ฉด ๊ฝค๋ ์ ์ ์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋์ต๋๋ค. | You could also use the face network to hallucinate into this, and you get some pretty crazy stuff. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
ํน์ ๋ง์ดํฌ๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๋๋ฅผ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ฆ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ์ด์ฉํด ํ๊ฐ์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ํ๊ณ ํ๊ฐ์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ํ์ต๋๋ค. | Or, Mike has done some other experiments in which he takes that cloud image, hallucinates, zooms, hallucinates, zooms hallucinates, zooms. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฐฉํฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ณด์ด๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ์์ ์ฐ์์ ์ผ์ข
์ผ๋ก ๋คํธ์ํฌ๊ฐ ์ค์ค๋ก ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๊ฒ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | And in this way, you can get a sort of fugue state of the network, I suppose, or a sort of free association, in which the network is eating its own tail. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ด๋ ์ต๋๋ค. "๋ค์์๋ ๋ฌด์์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง? | So every image is now the basis for, "What do I think I see next? | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ค์์๋ ๋ฌด์์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง? ๋ค์์๋ ๋ฌด์์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง?" | What do I think I see next? What do I think I see next?" | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ์ต์ด๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐํ ๊ณณ์ ์์ ํ์ "๊ณ ๋ฑ ๊ต์ก"๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ๊ฐ์ฐ์์์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ง๋ฆฌํ๋๊ฐ ํฉ๋ฒํ ๋ ์งํ์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | I showed this for the first time in public to a group at a lecture in Seattle called "Higher Education" -- this was right after marijuana was legalized. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋์ ์ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งง๊ฒ ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ ์ฝ์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋งํ๋ฉด์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | So I'd like to finish up quickly by just noting that this technology is not constrained. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์์ ํ ์๊ฐ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ๋๋ฆฐ ์ด์ ๋ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์
๋๋ค. | I've shown you purely visual examples because they're really fun to look at. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ์์ ํ ์๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ ์๋๋๋ค. | It's not a purely visual technology. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ ํฌ์ ํจ๊ป ์ผํ๋ ์ํฐ์คํธ ๋ก์ค ๊ตฟ์์ ์คํ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐ๋ ์ฌ์ง๊ธฐ์ ๋ฑ์ ๋งค๊ณ ์๋ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ก ์ ๊ฒฝ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํด ์๋ฅผ ์ผ์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | Our artist collaborator, Ross Goodwin, has done experiments involving a camera that takes a picture, and then a computer in his backpack writes a poem using neural networks, based on the contents of the image. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ธ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ 20์ธ๊ธฐ ์์ ์ง๋์ฑ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ จ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. | And that poetry neural network has been trained on a large corpus of 20th-century poetry. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก ๋์จ ์๋ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ์ฌ์ค ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋์์ง ์์ ๋ณด์
๋๋ค. | And the poetry is, you know, I think, kind of not bad, actually. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ ๋ฏธ์ผ๋์ ค๋ก์ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ณ์๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค. ์ธ์๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์์ฑ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋ฐ์ ํ๊ฒ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. | In closing, I think that per Michelangelo, I think he was right; perception and creativity are very intimately connected. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ๋ณด์ ๊ฒ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์
๋๋ค. ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ จ์ด ๋์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํน์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ๋ค์ ์ธ์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋๋ก ์ ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ผ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | What we've just seen are neural networks that are entirely trained to discriminate, or to recognize different things in the world, able to be run in reverse, to generate. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋๋ ์ ์ค์ ํ๋๋ ๋ฏธ์ผ๋์ ค๋ก๊ฐ ์ ๋ง๋ก ๋ณธ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด ์์ ์๋ ์กฐ๊ฐ์๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์ด๋ค ์๋ฌผ, ์๋ช
์ฌ์ง์ด ์ธ๊ณ์ธ๋ ์ธ์ํ์๋ฅผ ํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ฐฝ์กฐํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ ์
๋๋ค. ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์กฐ์๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . | One of the things that suggests to me is not only that Michelangelo really did see the sculpture in the blocks of stone, but that any creature, any being, any alien that is able to do perceptual acts of that sort is also able to create because it's exactly the same machinery that's used in both cases. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ํ ์ ๋ ์ธ์๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์์ฑ์ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๊ตญํ๋์ง ์๋๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค. | Also, I think that perception and creativity are by no means uniquely human. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ ํฌ๋ ๋๊ฐ์ ์ผ์ ํ ์ ์๋ ์ปดํจํฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋ง๋ค์๊ณ | We start to have computer models that can do exactly these sorts of things. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ ๋๊ฐ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด ์ก๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ ์ผ๋ ์๋๋๋ค. | And that ought to be unsurprising; the brain is computational. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ปดํจํฐ๋ ์ง๋ฅ์ ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ค๊ณํ๋ฉด์ ์์๋์์ต๋๋ค. | And finally, computing began as an exercise in designing intelligent machinery. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๊ฒ์ ์ด๋ฐ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํ๋ฉด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋๋ํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์ง ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | It was very much modeled after the idea of how could we make machines intelligent. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด์ ์ ๊ตฌ์๋ค๊ณผ ํ ์ฝ์ ์ค์ ์ผ๋ถ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค๊ฐ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ํ๋ง, ํฐ ๋
ธ์ด๋ง ๋งค์ปฌ๋กํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํผํธ์๊ฒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | And we finally are starting to fulfill now some of the promises of those early pioneers, of Turing and von Neumann and McCulloch and Pitts. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ๋ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ ํ๊ณ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ ๋๋ง ์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค. | And I think that computing is not just about accounting or playing Candy Crush or something. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์์๋ถํฐ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ณธ๋ฐ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์๊ณ | From the beginning, we modeled them after our minds. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ง์์ ๋ ์ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ๋ ๋ํ๊ฒ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. | And they give us both the ability to understand our own minds better and to extend them. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. | Thank you very much. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์์ ๋ก์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ํ์ต๋๋ค. | At Free America, we've done a listening and learning tour. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ฒ์ฐฐ๊ด ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๊ตญํ์์๋ ๋ง๋ฌ๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ง์ญ์ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ ๊ต๋์์ ์๊ฐ์๋ค๋ ๋ง๋ฌ๊ณ | We visited not only with prosecutors but with legislators, with inmates in our state and local prisons. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด๋ฏผ์ ์์ฉ์์๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ๋ฉฐ | We've gone to immigration detention centers. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ง๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. | We've met a lot of people. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๊ฒ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ตฌ์๊ณผ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ๊ต๋์์์, ๊ฐ์ฅ์์ ์ด๋ฏผ์ ์์ฉ์์์ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์์. ๋ณต์ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋๋ ํ์ ๋ ๋์ ์ถ์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๋ฉด์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | And we've seen that redemption and transformation can happen in our prisons, our jails and our immigration detention centers, giving hope to those who want to create a better life after serving their time. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ฌ์ค๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋จ๊น์. | Imagine if we also considered the front end of this prison pipeline. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ง์ฝ ์ฌํ์ ํต์ฌ ๊ฐ์น๋ก ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ ์ฐ๋ฏผ์ ํต์ฌ ๊ฐ์น๋ก ์ฌ๊ธด๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋จ๊น์? | What would it look like if we intervened, with rehabilitation as a core value -- with love and compassion as core values? | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฌํ๋ ๋ ์์ ํ๊ณ ๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ๊ณ ์์ด๋ค์ด ์ด๊ธฐ ์ข์ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | We would have a society that is safer, healthier and worthy of raising our children in. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ ์์ค ์บ๋น์ ์๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค. | I want to introduce you to James Cavitt. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ ์์ค๋ ์ ํํด ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ ๊ต๋์์์ 12๋
๊ฐ ๋ณต์ญ ๋์ 18๊ฐ์์์ ์๋ฐฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | James served 12 years in the San Quentin State Prison and is being released in 18 months. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์, ์ ์์ค๋ ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๋ค์ฒ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ์ ์ง๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋ง์ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง๋
์ต๋๋ค. | Now James, like you and me, is more than the worst thing he's done. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ ์๋ฒ์ง์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋จํธ์ด์, ์๋ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์์ธ์
๋๋ค. | He is a father, a husband, a son, a poet. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ทธ๋ ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ์ ์ง๋ ๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ฃ๊ฐ์ ์น๋ฅด๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ค์ ์ฌํ๋ก ๋์์์ ๋ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ์ถ์ ๋์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. | He committed a crime; he's paying his debt, and working hard to build the skills to make the transition back to a productive life when he enters the civilian population again. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์, ์ ์์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ์ค์ธ ์๋ฐฑ๋ง ๋ช
์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ฒ๋ผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์คํจ๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ์ง ์๋๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๋๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ง ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ๋ ์์์
๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์๋ฐ์ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ์๊ณ ๋๊ท๋ชจ์ ํฌ์ฅ์ ๊ฒช์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋์์ค๋ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ์น์ ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | Now James, like millions of people behind bars, is an example of what happens if we believe that our failings don't define who we are, that we are all worthy of redemption and if we support those impacted by mass incarceration, we can all heal together. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ ์์ค๋ฅผ ์ง๊ธ ์๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ ๊ฒช์ ๊ตฌ์์ ์ฌ์ ์ ๋งํด์ค ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ์ ์์ค ์บ๋น: ๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค, ์กด. | I'd like to introduce you to James right now, and he's going to share his journey of redemption James Cavitt: Thanks, John. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
TED, ์ ํํด์ ์ค์ ๊ฑธ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. | TED, welcome to San Quentin. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๊ต๋์์ ๋ด๋ฒผ๋ฝ ๋ค์๋ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋ฅ๋ค์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. | The talent is abundant behind prison walls. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋ฏธ๋์ ์ํํธ์จ์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฌ์
๊ฐ ๊ณต์๊ฐ ์์
๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ ๊ฐ๊น์ง. | Future software engineers, entrepreneurs, craftsmen, musicians and artists. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์ด ์ํ์ ์ด ๊ณณ ์์์ ์๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋๋ ํ ๋ ๋์ ์ถ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ํ์ ์ ๋ชฉ์ "๋ด๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ ๊ณณ" ์
๋๋ค. | This piece is inspired by all of the hard work that men and women are doing on the inside to create better lives and futures for themselves This piece is entitled, "Where I Live." | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌด ๋๋ ค์ํ๋ ์ธ์์ ์ฐ๋ค. | I live in a world where most people are too afraid to go. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋์ ์ฝํฌ๋ฆฌํธ ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฒ ๋ก ๋ ์ฒ ์ฐฝ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ์ธ์ธ ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๋ฏธ๋์ ๋ํ ํฌ๋ง์ ์๋ผ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฒ ์กฐ๋ง์ด ์๋ ๊ณณ. | Surrounded by tall, concrete walls, steel bars, where razor wire have a way of cutting away at the hopes for a brighter tomorrow. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
๋๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅด์น๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฃฝ์ธ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ์ธ์์ ์ฐ๋ค. | I live in a world that kill people who kill people in order to teach people that killing people is wrong. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |
์์ํด๋ณด๋ผ. | Imagine that. | IWSLT2017 | null | null | null |