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31,686,808 | == Welcome ==
{| width="100%" style="background:transparent"
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Please remember to sign your name on talk pages by clicking or or by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your username and the date. Also, please do your best to always fill in the edit summary field. Below are some useful links to facilitate your involvement.Freakmighty
Happy editing! FM
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|} | 427,618,898 | 2011-05-05T18:15:46 | Kurogane III | 2,011 |
33,805,926 | 467,168,371 | 2011-12-22T10:42:38 | Cliff Lake (Idaho) | 2,011 |
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29,046,699 | 413,268,741 | 2011-02-11T08:59:11 | Bosnia and Herzegovina Jews | 2,011 |
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33,805,928 | 467,169,465 | 2011-12-22T10:53:43 | Conkling Park, Idaho | 2,011 |
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33,805,929 | You have been blocked indefinitely from editing because your account is being used mainly for trolling, disruption or harassment. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text , but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Materialscientist (talk) | 461,521,026 | 2011-11-20T01:44:19 | Pointblank666 | 2,011 |
33,805,930 | 467,170,602 | 2011-12-22T11:05:32 | Dandy Lake | 2,011 |
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31,686,809 | 429,686,796 | 2011-05-18T07:27:53 | Emil Meyer (legislator) | 2,011 |
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33,805,932 | 467,172,485 | 2011-12-22T11:25:21 | Diamond Lake (Idaho) | 2,011 |
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33,805,934 | 467,354,207 | 2011-12-23T15:49:56 | Edith Lake | 2,011 |
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33,805,935 | 467,354,215 | 2011-12-23T15:50:03 | Edna Lake | 2,011 |
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33,805,936 | 467,354,233 | 2011-12-23T15:50:14 | Elk Bend, Idaho | 2,011 |
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33,805,937 | ==Welcome==
Hi, 99.114.213.46. Welcome to Wikipedia!
I hope you like it here and decide to stick around. If you see something on Wikipedia that you want to change, just press the edit button and change it!
For the basic principles, see the five pillars of Wikipedia. And if you're ready to make some edits, this Wikipedia cheatsheet may come in handy.
You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but you may wish to . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits. If you edit without a username, your IP address (99.114.213.46) is used to identify you instead.
Cheers, ChzzBot IV (talk)
== Your submission at Articles for creation ==
I noticed your submission in Articles for creation, Articles for creation/King of England. Thanks! It will be reviewed by a volunteer soon.
Before it can be added to Wikipedia, your submission should have references. All articles on Wikipedia should have inline, numbered references after facts, showing the 'reliable source' (a newspaper, book, etc.) where the information can be checked, so that all information is verifiable.
Here's an example of how to add references:
Chzz is 98 years old.<ref> "The book of Chzz", Aardvark Books, 2009. </ref>
He likes tea.<ref> Smith, John. "Interview with Chzz", Foo News, 1 April 2010. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
== References ==
That makes the references automatically display as small numbers which will link to the details in the section titled == References == at the end. You can see that example in action here.
Please add references to your submission, which will be reviewed as soon as possible. See also, Referencing for beginners. If you need any help, just put at the end of this page, followed by a question or get into our live help chat chanel at .
Best, ChzzBot IV (talk) | 461,521,059 | 2011-11-20T01:44:35 | 99.114.213.46 | 2,011 |
31,686,811 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to International No Diet Day, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: International No Diet Day was changed by 86.129.31.167 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.964426 on 2011-05-05T18:16:11+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,618,957 | 2011-05-05T18:16:14 | 86.129.31.167 | 2,011 |
29,046,713 | == October 2010 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Culture of Uruguay, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record | 388,564,826 | 2010-10-03T23:35:04 | 68.63.77.1 | 2,011 |
43,836 | __NOTOC__
Year 171 (CLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Herennianus (or, less frequently, year 924 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 171 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
== Events ==
=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
Emperor Marcus Aurelius forms a new military command, the praetentura Italiae et Alpium. Aquileia is relieved, and the Marcomanni are evicted from Roman territory.
Marcus Aurelius signs a peace treaty with the Quadi and the Sarmatian Iazyges. The Germanic tribes of the Hasdingi (Vandals) and the Lacringi become Roman allies.
Armenia and Mesopotamia becomes a protectorate of the Roman Empire.
The Costoboci cross the Danube (Dacia) and ravage Thrace in the Balkan Peninsula. They reached Eleusis, near Athens, and destroyed the temple of the Eleusinian Mysteries.
In May or June, the orator Aelius Aristides delivered a public speech in Smyrna, lamenting the damage recently inflicted to the sacred site of Eleusis.
== Births ==
Sima Lang, elder brother of Sima Yi (d. 217)
== Deaths ==
== References ==
171
171 እ.ኤ.አ.
171
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১৭১
171
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१७१
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۱۷۱ (میلادی)
171
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171年
171년
171
171-æм аз
171
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171 m.
171
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171年
171
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171年 | 466,129,862 | 2011-12-16T08:20:46 | 171 | 2,011 |
33,805,938 | 467,354,242 | 2011-12-23T15:50:20 | Elk Lake (Sawtooth Wilderness) | 2,011 |
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33,805,939 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Florence Christian School, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Florence Christian School was changed by 68.19.0.2 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.965119 on 2011-11-20T01:44:44+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 461,521,087 | 2011-11-20T01:44:47 | 68.19.0.2 | 2,011 |
31,686,812 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to The Golden Kite, The Silver Wind, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: The Golden Kite, The Silver Wind was changed by 71.128.202.98 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.954076 on 2011-05-05T18:16:17+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,618,973 | 2011-05-05T18:16:20 | 71.128.202.98 | 2,011 |
29,046,717 | == October 2010 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Lamoille-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Lamoille-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Wayne Olajuwon chat | 388,565,499 | 2010-10-03T23:39:16 | 72.92.153.11 | 2,011 |
829,966 | The Press of Atlantic City is a daily newspaper based in Pleasantville, New Jersey. It is the primary newspaper for most of southeastern New Jersey and the Jersey Shore, publishing regional editions for Atlantic County, Cumberland County, Cape May County, and southern Ocean County. The paper has a daily circulation of 70,000 and a Sunday circulation of 85,000.
The newspaper focuses mainly on local, regional and state news, but also publishes national and international news mostly with wire stories. Founded in 1895 by Walter Edge as the Atlantic City Daily Press, it is now owned by Abarta, a privately owned Pittsburgh-based holding company. Around 1928, the name of the paper was changed to the Atlantic City Press, and in 1971 the name was changed to The Press. In 1988, its name was changed again to The Press of Atlantic City, the name currently in use.
The Press of Atlantic City also publishes various other products including At The Shore (a weekly entertainment magazine for southern New Jersey), Real Estate Monthly, and Press Extra. Additional websites launched by The Press of Atlantic City Media Group include JerseyDevilCars.com, JerseyDevilJobs.com, JerseyDevilHomes.com and most recently, GoAC.com, a travel guide site for .
Unlike most other newspapers, The Press of Atlantic City is printed using a flexographic process that seals the inks into the paper and reduces smudging, allowing readers to avoid getting their hands or clothing dirty.
Although The Press has no daily newspaper competitors within its direct marketing area, other daily newspapers that have some local penetration are The Philadelphia Inquirer, the Asbury Park Press, Cherry Hill's Courier-Post and The Vineland Daily Journal.
==Personnel==
Publisher: Keith Dawn
Executive Editor and Content Director: Neill Borowski
Deputy Content Director/Digital: Stephen Warren
Lead Local Content Producer: Peter M. Brophy
Digital Technology Manager: Guy Pastrana
Senior Web Developer: Mike DellaVecchia
Web Designer\Data Base Developer: Julie Vance
Vice President of Sales and Marketing: John Celestino
Human Resources Director: Kathleen Leonard
Director of Finance: Charles Bryant
Director of Advertising: Alisha Owens
Director of Marketing: Rhona Bronson
==Prices==
The Press prices are: $0.75 Daily, $1.75 Sunday. Prices are higher in Toms River and north.
== References ==
==External links==
Press of Atlantic City
Mobile version
Abarta.com
Press of Atlantic City, The
Atlantic County, New Jersey
Cape May County, New Jersey
Cumberland County, New Jersey
Press of Atlantic City | 458,811,668 | 2011-11-03T14:35:10 | The Press of Atlantic City | 2,011 |
33,805,940 | ==Welcome!==
Hello 75.36.41.88, welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Our intro page contains a lot of helpful material for new users—please check it out! If you need help, visit Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place on this page, followed by your question, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. You also might want to consider being "adopted" by an experienced user who would show you how wikipedia works through a program called adopt-a-user.
— alf.laylah.wa.laylah (talk)
== Rampart scandal reference ==
Hey! Thanks for putting that in there. You were having trouble, because the references section is set up to display things which are cited inline. It's OK to put books in that aren't cited inline, but we usually put them in a further reading section, like I did there with that book. You can read CITE for detailed information on how to make citations, if you're interested.— alf.laylah.wa.laylah (talk) | 461,521,288 | 2011-11-20T01:46:26 | 75.36.41.88 | 2,011 |
157,855 | Rutland is a county in England. It may also refer to:
==Places==
Canada
Rutland Park, Calgary, a neighbourhood of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Rutland, Kelowna, a neighbourhood of Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Indian Ocean
Rutland Island, an island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean
Ireland
Rutland, Ireland, an island and electoral district in County Donegal
United States
Rutland, Illinois
Rutland Township, Illinois
Rutland, Indiana
Rutland, Iowa
Rutland, Massachusetts
Rutland Charter Township, Michigan
Rutland Township, Minnesota
Rutland, New York
Rutland, North Dakota
Rutland, Ohio
Rutland Township, Meigs County, Ohio
Rutland Township, Pennsylvania
Rutland, South Dakota
Rutland (city), Vermont, the largest U.S. Rutland and the second-largest city in Vermont
Rutland County, Vermont
Rutland (town), Vermont
West Rutland, Vermont
Rutland, Wisconsin
==People==
Mark Rutland (born 1947), American missionary
Patti Rutland, American choreographer
Rutland Barrington (1853-1922), British entertainer
Rutland Boughton (1878-1960), British composer
==Other uses==
Rutland Weekend Television, which spawned The Rutles
Rutland Herald, a newspaper based in Rutland, Vermont
Rutland Railroad, which served the New England states of the United States
Rutland State Airport, an airport in Rutland, Vermont
Duke of Rutland, derived from the county in England
Place name disambiguation pages
Rutland (desambiguació)
Rutland (Begriffsklärung)
Rutland (disambigua)
Rutlandas (reikšmės)
Rutland
ルートランド (曖昧さ回避)
Rutland (andre betydninger)
Rutland
Rutland (desambiguação)
Rutland
Rutland (olika betydelser) | 447,188,822 | 2011-08-28T20:06:07 | Rutland (disambiguation) | 2,011 |
31,686,814 | 427,618,997 | 2011-05-05T18:16:29 | Coleophora uniformis | 2,011 |
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33,805,941 | 467,354,258 | 2011-12-23T15:50:26 | Farley Lake | 2,011 |
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31,686,815 | Welcome!
Hello, Sabdaljit, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Sabdaljit, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted.
There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers:
Starting an article
Your first article
Biographies of living persons
How to write a great article
The five pillars of Wikipedia
Help pages
Tutorial
I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk)
==Speedy deletion nomination of Sabdaljit==
A tag has been placed on Sabdaljit, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information.
If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion," which appears inside of the speedy deletion () tag (if no such tag exists, the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate). Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk)
Your account has been blocked indefinitely from editing Wikipedia because it appears to be mainly intended or used for publicity and/or promotional purposes. Please read the following carefully.
Why can't I edit Wikipedia?
Your account's edits and/or username indicate that it is being used on behalf of a company, group, celebrity or other well-known individual, or organization for purposes of promotion and/or publicity. The edits may have violated one or more of our rules on spamming, which include: adding inappropriate external links, posting advertisements, and using Wikipedia for promotion. Wikipedia has many articles on companies, groups, and organizations, but such groups are generally discouraged from using Wikipedia to write about themselves. In addition, usernames like yours are disallowed under our username policy.
Am I allowed to make these edits if I change my username?
Probably not. See FAQ/Organizations for a helpful list of frequently asked questions by people in your position. Also, review the conflict of interest guidance to see the kinds of limitations you would have to obey if you did want to continue editing about your company, group, or organization. If this does not fit in with your goals, then you will not be allowed to edit again. Consider using one of the many websites that allow this instead.
What can I do now?
You are still welcome to write about something other than your company or organization. If you do intend to make useful contributions on some other topic, you must convince a Wikipedia administrator that you mean it. To that end, please do the following:
Add the text on your user talk page.
Replace the text "Your proposed new username" with a new username you are willing to use. See Listusers to search for available usernames. Your new username will need to meet our username policy.
Replace the text "Your reason here" with your reason to be unblocked. In this reason, you must:
If you believe this block was made in error, please see how to appeal a block. TNXMan | 427,619,556 | 2011-05-05T18:20:33 | Sabdaljit | 2,011 |
33,805,943 | 467,354,270 | 2011-12-23T15:50:32 | Glacier Lake (Elmore County, Idaho) | 2,011 |
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33,805,944 | 467,354,276 | 2011-12-23T15:50:37 | Goat Lake (Sawtooth Wilderness) | 2,011 |
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33,805,945 | 461,521,129 | 2011-11-20T01:45:12 | Feature data | 2,011 |
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33,805,946 | 467,354,285 | 2011-12-23T15:50:43 | Greer, Idaho | 2,011 |
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33,805,947 | 467,354,294 | 2011-12-23T15:50:48 | Groveland, Idaho | 2,011 |
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29,046,721 | Mirage is the name of several fictional characters in the various Transformers universes. This page is for later characters named Mirage. For the initial character named Mirage see Mirage (Transformers).
==Beast Machines==
The first truly new, different character to bear the name of Mirage appeared in the 1999 Beast Machines toyline, a portent of the frequent reuse the name would soon receive. A member of the evil Vehicons, with the requisite (albeit stylised and alien) racing car alternate mode, this Mirage did not appear in the accompanying animated series, but was characterised as an experiment by Megatron in bridging the intelligence gap between Vehicon drones and their generals.
Mirage’s biography presents him as a trickster who enjoys playing cruel pranks on his comrades, making him unpopular with his fellow Vehicons. He is not particularly smart and would be entirely useless without Megatron's own supervision and orders. He possesses the power of teleportation, able to appear from nowhere to attack his foes, and is armed with a plasma blaster and dual missile launchers. Interestingly, with the exception of his weaponry, Mirage’s biography is a carbon copy of that of the G1 Decepticon, Skywarp.
===3H Enterprises===
The Mirage Vehicon drones, as well as the original, made a cameo in the BotCon "Wreckers" comic. The original Mirage appeared being sent by Megatron to investigate a transwarp anomaly - which in reality bore the forces of Primal Prime. Mirage was caught up in a battle with the Wreckers, and he and Apelinq were sucked into the anomaly. While Apelinq survived, Mirage's fate is unknown.
The Mirage drones appeared under the command of Quake and Blastcharge. They battled the Wreckers, but were largely destroyed in the ensuing battle.
===Toys===
Beast Machines Basic Mirage (1999)
Beast Machines Mirage features pressure-launching missiles, and was later repainted and released in as part of the Robots in Disguise line, as an Autobot named Mirage GT (see below).
Plans existed to remold and redeco the toy into the Autobot bounty hunter, Devcon, to be released as an exclusive for a future BotCon. By extension, the toy would have been a Transformers: Universe figure, but plans were abandoned when 3H Enterprises lost the license to the hold the convention. Although the toy was not produced, the character did appear in the Transformers: Universe - Wreckers comic series.
==Transformers: Robots in Disguise==
The parallel universe of the 2001 line, Robots in Disguise introduced another new Mirage, known
as Counter Arrow in the original Japanese version, Car Robots. Mirage is the fastest of the Spy Changers, which makes him the best choice for spying on the enemy – he’ll be in and out before anyone is the wiser. As an excellent marksman, he is fittingly armed with a sniper rifle, and, like the other Spy Changers, possesses optical camouflage powers that can make him appear invisible and is able to drive over any surface, including water, and even upside-down
=== Animated series ===
Mirage made his debut with the rest of the Spy Changers rescuing a plutonium generator from the clutches of the Predacons. His most focal role, however, proved to be an unintentional homage to G1 Mirage's own biggest role, when the other Spy Changers inaccurately suspected Mirage of betraying the Autobots to the Predacons.
After an incident where Mirage, fearing collateral damage, allowed the Predacons to get away, the others on the team accused him of failure. A furious Mirage walked out, realizing the Predacons had put a bug on him. His best friend Ironhide attempted to talk him out of it, but snapped and punched him when Mirage threatened to join the Predacons, much to the listening Predacons' delight. Slapper, Gas Skunk and Darkscream soon approached him, and he seemingly joined up with them. Mirage called the Spy Changers to Megatron's latest weapon, ostensibly to lure them into a trap. He managed to communicate his true intentions to the other Spy Changers, and they destroyed the laser. A guilty Ironhide demanded Mirage hit him to even things out between them - but Mirage simply prodded his friend, claiming they were now even before challenging him to a race back to base.
===Toys===
Car Robots Spy Changer Counter Arrow (2000)
A redeco of the toy previously released as Generation 2 Mirage released as part of the Car Robots line in Japan by Takara. Instead of a standard Autobot logo on his chest it features a heat-sensitive rub-symbol of the logo.
Car Robots Jusco Clear Counter Arrow (2000)
A Jusco store exclusive of Counter Arrow redone in clear blue and green plastic.
Spy Changer Mirage (2001)
A slight redeco of Counter Arrow, particularly change to a painted Autobot logo to his chest.
The toy, originally sold in a two-pack with Ironhide and packaged with a Tiny Tin.
Kaybee Clear Mirage (2001)
A Kaybee store exclusive with clear plastic replacing the white, representing Mirage as he turns invisible.
Kaybee Clear Mirage Recolor (2001)
A Kaybee store exclusive with green and blue (the opposite of the Jusco Counter Arrow) clear plastic replacing the white, representing Mirage as he turns invisible. This toy was later repackaged in the Transformers: Universe line as a new form og Generation 1 Mirage.
Car Robots Super Counter Arrow (2003)
A red recolor of Counter Arrow available only in blind packaged boxes in Japan which represent Counter Arrow powered up by Ultra Magnus. Addly, this and all following Takara versions of Counter Arrow would have the painted Autobot symbol added by Hasbro for Mirage.
Car Robots Clear Super Counter Arrow (2003)
A recolor of Super Counter Arrow available only in blind packaged boxes in Japan which represent Counter Arrow powered up by Ultra Magnus and going invisible.
==Transformers: Robots in Disguise (Mirage GT)==
When Hasbro imported the Japanese Car Robots line into Robots in Disguise, they added many toys that did not appear in the animated series or toy line as filler. One of which was Mirage GT.
===Toys===
Robots in Disguise Mirage GT (2002)
A yellow/black redeco of Beast Machines Mirage as an Autobot named Mirage GT, sold in a three-pack with Nightcruz and Scavenger (also repaints of Beast Machines vehicon toys). The toy was exclusive to the Robots in Disguise line, not having been a part of Car Robots and hence the character did not appear in the animated series; and without a profile, it is unclear whether or not Mirage GT is intended to be the same character as the existing Robots in Disguise Mirage or any other character by that name.
==Transformers: Armada==
The alternate universe of Armada introduced another Mirage (known in Japan as Indy) in 2002, this time a member of the diminutive Mini-Con faction and one third of the Race Team, alongside Dirt Boss and Downshift. In the early days of the war, his skills in stealth and speed lead him to prefer running and hiding to fighting, but upon witnessing the atrocities of war, he viewed his cowardice as the worst crime of all, and stepped up to a command position in hopes of doing something about it. Although smart, observant and direct, Mirage still carries with him the guilt from the earlier part of his life, when he ignored his principles in favor of his own self-preservation.
===Animated series===
As a Mini-Con, Mirage possessed no given personality in the Armada animated series, communicating only in bleeps and spending most of his time onscreen in the merged form of the Skyboom Shield as the Autobots and Decepticons battled for ownership of it and the other Mini-Con weapons.
Mirage appeared in episode #49, called "Alliance." He is among the Mini-Cons assisting the Autobots and Decepticons evacuating from Cybertron when it was attacked by Unicron.
===Dreamwave Productions===
Mirage remained without any characterisation until Dreamwave Productions produced the character profile above, which presented Mirage to be the leader of the Race Team. Like his G1 progenitor, Dreamwave presented Armada Mirage to possess a light-bending invisibility power, capable of rendering himself and other objects imperceptible, which he used in defence of the Mini-Con's moonbase in the Dreamwave comic book storyline.
In Transformers: Armada #9-11 by Dreamwave Productions the Race Team were among the Mini-Cons survived crashing on Earth's moon. Under the leadership of Dualor they built a fortress there and defended it from an attack by Megatron, Starscream, Thrust and Cyclonus. Once Megatron overpowered the base the Mini-Cons escaped to Earth.
Mirage appeared among the Mini-Cons in issue #18 of the Transformers: Armada comic book who aided Over-Run using the Mini-Con Matrix in the defeat of Unicron.
Mirage was brought to the Speed Planet under the protection of Hot Shot, where he quickly overcome his sadness at his separation from Downshift and Dirt Boss when he discovered the planet's perfect raceways. Now he and Hot Shot are a nearly unbeatable racing team.
===Cybertron story===
Mirage ended up on the Speed Planet, where his damaged body was found by Override who recognized his potential and took him in. Repaired by her, Mirage became her willing parter, helping her win race after race. Upon discovering that Mirage's team-mate, Downshift, had been captured by Speed Planet native Dirt Boss (no relation to the Race Team member), the team have dedicated themselves to hunting down the villain and rescuing Downshift.
===Toys===
Armada Race Team Mirage (2002)
Packaged with Dirt Boss and Downshift as the Race Team, Mirage's mold is based on an earlier figure, Swindle – the transformation of the toy is identical, aside from an additional waist swivel, but every piece is molded differently – and, naturally, transforms into a Formula One racing car. He can combine with the rest of the Mini-Con Race Team into the Skyboom Shield.
Mirage was recolored in green and black to become the Japanese exclusive figure, Topgear, available only with the third DVD volume release of the series. His teammates were also released in such a manner, as "Midship" and "Tailside", and together, the "Speed Chaser Team," as they were dubbed, could combine into the "Magnawing," and featured in the Linkage manga included with the DVDs as servants of Unicron.
The original version of Armada Mirage (and the rest of the Race Team) was repackaged individually with a collectible Tiny Tin.
Armada Road Assault Mirage (2003)
The Race Team was later redecoed in red and white as the Road Assault Team. In Japan, Mirage was later redecoed in blue and white.
The Road Assault Mini-Con Team was repackaged with the Space Team as a discount six pack of Mini-Cons under the Energon label. These toys were identical to the Armada version.
Cybertron Mirage (2005)
A recolor of Armada Mini-Con Mirage in a Tiny-Tin was released as a promotional item inside the boxes for Hot Shot and Override as a Wal-Mart exclusive promotion. While this seemed like a novel way to keep Mini-Cons in the Unicron Trilogy toy and story lines, neither Cybertron’s Hot Shot, nor Override had Mini-Con powerlink points on them.
==Transformers: Energon==
Despite occupying the same continuity as Transformers: Armada and its Mirage, Energon introduced its own Mirage (named Shockfleet in Japan) in 2004, an upgraded version of the lumbering Decepticon battleship, Tidal Wave. Unusually for a character bearing the name, he transforms into a high-speed gunboat. This Mirage has proved himself as much a threat on land as he is on water, turning destruction into an art form.
===Animated series===
When the unruly, treacherous Decepticon known as Shockblast joined Megatron’s forces, Tidal Wave warned against the idea, distrusting Shockblast as a result of some unspecified past conflict that had occurred between them. Ordered to aid Shockblast in battle, however, Tidal Wave was badly damaged when an Energon Tower collapsed on him, and Megatron used the power of Unicron to reformat him, recreating Tidal Wave as Mirage.
Smaller and sleeker than in his original form, Mirage received an intelligence upgrade to go along with his new body, speaking more full sentences and losing his penchant for repeating his own name, though he still referred to himself in the third-person. By the climactic events of the series Mirage developed a , often making comments about his affection for him and, in one instance, contorting his body and generating a glowing pink heart while declaring Megatron's greatness. Tragically, Mirage’s sheer devotion to Megatron led him to follow his leader into oblivion when he flew into the Energon sun that had caused his leader’s demise, thus bringing an end to Mirage. However, Megatron and Starscream actually survived leaping into the sun as shown in Cybertron.
===Dreamwave Productions===
Energon Mirage also made a brief appearance in the Dreamwave Energon comic book series. Here, after failing in a mission on Cybertron, Tidal Wave was punished by Scorponok for his misdeed, and was damaged so badly that Alpha Q used Unicron’s power to rebuild his shattered body as Mirage. Mirage proceeded to battle the Omnicons and Kicker, but the bankruptcy and subsequently closure of Dreamwave Productions has left its storylines unfinished. Like the Mini-Con Mirage, this Mirage also had the ability to become invisible for short periods of time, in homage to the original G1 Mirage.
===Pack-in mini-comics===
Mirage debuted in the third installment of the mini-comics included with Transformers: Energon figures, patrolling an Autobot island facility while his fellow Decepticons worked to penetrate it. When the Decepticons are caught by Bulkhead and Towline, Mirage rushes to provide backup but is confronted and taken out by Omega Supreme. Tow Line wounds Slugslinger in combat. Omega Supreme takes out Mirage, Sharkticon and Shockblast. Later, in the fourth mini-comic, Mirage was among the Decepticons aiding Megatron in battle against Optimus Prime and Hot Shot, who were defeated when Prime powerlinked with Wing Saber.
===Toys===
Transformers: Armada - Tidal Wave (2002-2004)
The original form of Mirage, the massive Decepticon battleship, Tidal Wave, was available in a variety of colors. As originally designed for the Transformers: Armada toyline, he was purple and grey, but large amounts of green were later added to the toy. The animators of the television series, however, did not learn of this change until they had rendered Tidal Wave in his original color scheme for the series, so while the American toy had the green components, the Japanese release of the figure chose to use the original design in the name of show accuracy. When re-released in the Transformers: Energon toyline, he was now rendered in whites and translucent greens, with lightning-bolt scars that the animated series blamed on exposure to raw Energon.
Tidal Wave is formed of three separate ship components - a troop carrier, an aircraft carrier and a twin-bowed gunboat. These three vessels can link together to form one giant battleship, which can then transform into Tidal Wave, or they can individual merge with the Armada Megatron or Galvatron toy. Tidal Wave has two firing missiles in his gunboat section, and his Mini-Con partner, Ramjet, activates rotating gun turrets.
Transformers: Energon - Mirage (2004)
Mirage is one of the more complex toys of the line, and features spring-loaded hyper-power cannons with accompanying electronic sounds. The figure was later recolored into Dreadwing, his own clone, as part of the Energon line.
==Transformers==
Mirage is among the characters which appeared in the Transformers 3D Battle Card Game by Wizards of the Coast. He is a blue and white Ford GT almost identical to his Alternator form, with exception to the movie-style exposed facial robotics and joints.
==Transformers: Timelines==
An evil mirror-universe version of Mirage serves as one of Optimus Prime's Autobots in the Shattered Glass universe. Mirage is a former bank robber who was experimented on by Ratchet. He is now permanently partly transparent.
===Fun Publications===
Mirage gets interviewed by Andromeda in Around Cybertron #6.
===Toys===
While no toy of this Mirage was made, his appearance is based on the Japanese exclusive Henkei! Electron Disruptor Ligier toy.
== References ==
==External links==
Mirage at Teletraan 1
Mirage galleries at Seibertron.com
Mirage at the Transformers Wiki | 396,895,937 | 2010-11-15T12:31:10 | Mathewignash/Mirage (other incarnations) | 2,011 |
33,805,948 | 461,521,154 | 2011-11-20T01:45:22 | Federal Geographic Data Committee | 2,011 |
|
33,805,950 | 467,354,302 | 2011-12-23T15:50:53 | Headquarters, Idaho | 2,011 |
|
31,686,816 | == Welcome! ==
|}
|} | 427,619,052 | 2011-05-05T18:16:51 | RazzPT | 2,011 |
33,805,951 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Camp Micah, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Camp Micah was changed by 72.93.251.225 (u) (t) ANN scored at 1 on 2011-11-20T01:45:23+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 461,521,166 | 2011-11-20T01:45:27 | 72.93.251.225 | 2,011 |
31,686,819 | Welcome!
Hello, Alfianamy, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
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==File source and copyright licensing problem with File:Dbkl logo.gif==
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If you did not create this work entirely yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. You will also need to state under what licensing terms it was released. Please refer to the image use policy to learn what files you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. The page on copyright tags may help you to find the correct tag to use for your file.
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Please also check any other files you may have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is . If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Eeekster (talk) | 456,109,378 | 2011-10-18T01:49:08 | Alfianamy | 2,011 |
31,686,820 | == Welcome ==
Welcome!
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. The following links will help you begin editing on Wikipedia:
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The Wikipedia tutorial is a good place to start learning about Wikipedia. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on Freakmightymy talk page. By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and discussion pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~ (the software will replace them with your signature and the date). Again, welcome!
FM | 427,619,130 | 2011-05-05T18:17:30 | Supersevens | 2,011 |
13,060,534 | {|
|}
SM U-39 was a German Type U 31 U-boat which operated in the Mediterranean Sea during World War I. It ended up being the second most successful U-boat participating in the war, sinking 157 ships for a total of 404,478 tons.
Its longest-serving captain was Walther Forstmann, who was awarded the Pour le Mérite during command on U-39.
From January to mid-1917, Martin Niemöller served as U-39's coxswain. He is known as the author of the poem "First they came" which is inscribed at the New England Holocaust Museum. As an enemy of the Reich he was imprisoned from 1938-1945 in Sachenhausen and Dachau. In 1917 and 1918 Karl Dönitz served as watch officer on this boat. He later became Grand Admiral and Commander in Chief of the German Navy, and, for three weeks, the 4th President of Germany.
==Fate==
On 27 April 1918, U-39 sailed from Pola under command of Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Metzger, for operations in the Western Mediterranean.
On 17 May, together with UB-50, U-39 operated against a convoy North of Oran, from which it sank the British steamer SCULPTOR (4,874 tons) in a submerged attack.
At 13:50 hrs on 18 May, when in a position 36.36N 00.02W, U-39 was attacked by two French seaplanes. It crash-dived, but when reaching a depth of 12 meters two bombs exploded very close; the after torpedo room flooded, the diving planes were destroyed, and the boat began sinking by the stern. KL Metzger ordered the tanks blown and U-39 surfaced, but the heavy damage suffered prevented diving again. Metzger was forced to lay a course for the nearest Spanish harbour, Cartagena. At about 17:00 U-39 was attacked again by two seaplanes; it fought back with gun and machine-guns, and the enemy bombs caused no damage, but during the action two crewmen (sailor Schulz and stoker Hausottl) fell overboard and were lost.
In the evening U-39 reached Cartagena and was interned for the remainder of the war.
It was surrendered to France on 22 March 1919 and was broken up at Toulon in 1923.
==References==
==External links==
uboat.net webpage for U-39
Type U 31 U-boats
U-boats commissioned in 1915
World War I submarines of Germany
1914 ships
Ships built in Kiel
U-39 (1915) | 431,982,920 | 2011-06-01T11:24:24 | SM U-39 | 2,011 |
31,686,821 | Welcome!
Hello, Daksh prajapat tiles works, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Daksh prajapat tiles works, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted.
There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers:
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==Speedy deletion nomination of Daksh prajapat tiles works==
A tag has been placed on Daksh prajapat tiles works, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information.
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Your account has been blocked indefinitely from editing Wikipedia because it appears to be mainly intended or used for publicity and/or promotional purposes. Please read the following carefully.
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If you believe this block was made in error, please see how to appeal a block. Atama頭 | 427,627,603 | 2011-05-05T19:11:24 | Daksh prajapat tiles works | 2,011 |
29,046,730 | == Summary ==
== Licensing == | 447,029,717 | 2011-08-27T20:37:19 | TeitokunoKetsudanJPBoxShotGenesis.jpg | 2,011 |
829,979 | BWA or Bwa may refer to:
Baptist World Alliance
Billiards World Cup Association, a former carom-governing body
Botswana, ISO 3-letter country code
Burrows-Wheeler Aligner, a bioinformatic tool (algorithm) to map short nucleotide sequences to a reference genome
Bwa people of Burkina Faso and Mali
Bwa languages, a branch of the Gur languages spoken by the Bwa people of Burkina Faso and Mali
Bwa language, a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Baboa people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
BWIA West Indies Airways, ICAO code and predecessor of Caribbean Airlines
Caribbean Airlines, ICAO code
Red Bull Big Wave Africa, a surfing competition
BWA
BWA
BWA
BWA
BWA
BWA | 454,646,110 | 2011-10-09T02:19:32 | BWA | 2,011 |
219,630 | Willem van Est (March 25, 1923 – 1 May 2003) was a Dutch racing cyclist.
He is best known for being the first Dutch cyclist to wear the yellow jersey in the Tour de France of 1951, and for falling into a ravine while wearing it.
==Biography==
Van Est was born in the town of Fijnaart, in North Brabant. Prior to his cycling career, he used to smuggle tobacco by bike, but was eventually caught and served several months in prison. He started his cycling career (as an amateur) in 1946, after a professional runner had seen him race in a local competition as part of a wager. His first major victory came in 1950, when he won the 600-km Bordeaux–Paris race.
In 1951, Van Est was part of the Dutch team for the Tour de France. In the 12th stage, from Agen to Dax, he escaped with a small group. He won the stage and gained 19 minutes on the leader, enough to move up to first place overall. As the first Dutchman to wear the accompanying yellow jersey he was praised by the public and media at home.
The next day, in defence of his position, Van Est was chasing the leaders in the descent of the Col d'Aubisque. Due to a flat tyre (according to Van Est himself), he slipped away and fell into a 70 m deep ravine. Miraculously, he survived the fall and had no serious injuries. Using a chain of tyres, and helped by spectators and his manager, he managed to get back to the road. Van Est wanted to continue, but was persuaded to go to the hospital.
At home, Van Est's fame grew even more when Pontiac, which had supplied watches to the Dutch team in the Tour de France, started an advertising campaign "Seventy meters deep I dropped, my heart stood still but my Pontiac never stopped".
Later in his career, Van Est twice won the Ronde van Nederland, wore the yellow jersey again in 1955 and 1958, placed 8th in 1957 and won two more stages. Also, he won Bordeaux–Paris two more times, two national road titles, four national titles in the individual pursuit on the track, as well as three medals in the pursuit at the World Championships.
Nevertheless, he remained most famous for the two days in the 1951 Tour de France. To remember this event, a monument was placed on the mountain 50 years after the event, on July 17, 2001.
Wim van Est died in his hometown Sint Willebrord.
== Palmarès ==
1947
Saarland Rundfahrt
1949
Etten-Leur
national track pursuit championship
Putte-Mechelen
1950
Brugge
Dendermonde
Houthalen-Helchteren
Luxembourg
Lyon
Oostburg
Oostkamp
Sint-Willebrord
Steenbergen
Bordeaux–Paris
Tilburg
1951
Avignon
Bordeaux
Duisburg
Etten-Leur
Grenoble
Köln
Luxembourg
Lyon
national Interclubs championship
Borgerhout
Tour de France:
Winner stage 11
1952
national track pursuit championship
Omloop van Limburg
Oosterhout
Ronde van Nederland
Sint-Willebrord
Nokere Koerse
Bordeaux–Paris
1953
Belsele
Geleen
Tour de France:
Winner stage 16
Kerkrade
Leiden
national track pursuit championship
Pont-l'Abbé
Ronde van Vlaanderen
Zandvoort
Koewacht, Koewacht
Rotterdam
Acht van Chaam
Eede
1954
Driedaagse van Antwerpen
Ronde van Nederland
Tour de France:
Winner stage 4B
1955
Acht van Chaam
national track pursuit championship
national interclubs championship
Turnhout
Amsterdam
Mandel-Leie-Schelde
Etten-Leur
1956
national track stayers championship
national interclubs championship (with Piet van Est)
Dutch National Road Race Championship
GP Stad Vilvoorde
Maldegem
Boom
1957
Dutch National Road Race Championship
Tour de France:
8th place overall classification
1958
Etten-Leur
national track stayers championship
1959
Kruiningen
Rotterdam
Wilrijk
1961
Bordeaux–Paris
Mortsel
1963
Brasschaat
national interclubs championship (with Piet van Est)
Drie Zustersteden
1964
national interclubs championship (with Piet van Est)
==References==
== External links ==
Official Tour de France results for Wim van Est
More extensive story of Van Ests fall in 1951
Contemporary newsreel footage of the crash (in French)
== See also==
List of Dutch cyclists who have led the Tour de France general classification
1923 births
2003 deaths
Dutch cyclists
Dutch Tour de France stage winners
People from Moerdijk
Wim van Est
Wim van Est
Wim van Est
Wim van Est
Wim van Est | 449,280,236 | 2011-09-09T06:15:18 | Wim van Est | 2,011 |
31,686,823 | 427,619,163 | 2011-05-05T18:17:45 | GLAM/Derby/QR code experiment | 2,011 |
|
33,805,952 | Ustad Ali Quli was a commander of the Mughal Empire. Under the reign of Babur, he commanded artillery for his army. At the Battle of Khanwa against the Hindu Rajputs, he commanded his cannon batteries.
==See also==
Mughal Empire
Babur
Mughal Empire
Turkish people | 461,678,821 | 2011-11-20T23:26:12 | Ustad Ali Quli | 2,011 |
31,686,824 | '''WereWolves or "wolf man" are mythalogical creatures.This is a man that is cursed to turn into a giant wolf during a full moon.
Werewolves are to be thort to have "superhuman strenth" and the ability to shapeshift into a wolf.Once bittan by a werewolf you
have no choice but to join this curse.
Werewolves cannot lift their dredful curse and remain wolf forever if bittan by a vampire.
The werewolf has 2 phobias 1 they are afraid of fire 2 they are afraid of a full moon beacause this results in pain whist shifting
into a werewolf.the werewolf is veye deadly and will destroy ANYTHING in its path!!! | 427,619,183 | 2011-05-05T18:17:55 | Shannon-RoseWolfGirl | 2,011 |
31,686,825 | == May 2011 ==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Chester Markel (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, you will be blocked from editing.Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was changed by 69.136.17.213 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.894721 on 2011-05-05T18:22:13+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. Meph.
== June 2011 ==
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== July 2011 ==
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== August 2011 ==
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== September 2011 ==
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33,805,953 | 467,354,310 | 2011-12-23T15:50:59 | Hell Roaring Lake | 2,011 |
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33,805,954 | 467,354,319 | 2011-12-23T15:51:05 | Hidden Springs, Idaho | 2,011 |
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31,686,826 | ==Welcome==
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== Proposed deletion of Pala ekari Naidu ==
The article Pala ekari Naidu has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
Notability not established, mostly OR, no sources
While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.
You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.
Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Eeekster (talk) | 432,269,629 | 2011-06-03T00:34:51 | Drnaidu2k | 2,011 |
33,805,955 | 467,354,351 | 2011-12-23T15:51:18 | Idahome, Idaho | 2,011 |
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384,232 | ==Significant non members (United Kingdom)==
Looking through the significant 'non members' of the Francaphonie, I am surprised to see the absence of the United Kingdom. French is the most popular foreign language in the UK and 23% of British residents claim they can speak French. This I believe is more significant than some of the official observers such as Slovakia who can simply say that 2% can speak French. I believe this is a case to put the UK forward as a significant non member. This is also not to mention the huge number of French expats living in major British cities and studying in French 'lycées' on British Land. This presents the French culture in many British neighbourhoods and it's still evident that people taking French in the UK is on the rise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.155.252.31 (talk)
Well, add it then! Aaker (talk)
==Name==
Article might be misnamed.
See french wkipedia article on "Francophonie", I quote:
"En outre, on confond parfois la francophonie en tant que concept avec l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), organisation beaucoup plus politique et économique que culturelle, qui regroupe un certain nombre de pays qui ne sont pas pour autant ceux où le français est fréquemment utilisé ou reconnu officiellement."
This article is only discussing the political organisation, which at least in French is not to my knowledge often referred to as "la Francophonie". Is this really what people call it in English?
Even if this is the case the article could benefit from distinction between francophonie and the OIF; numerous members of latter are not normally thought of as being in former.
== Human rights==
I am tempted to delete the paragraph related to the observancy of human rights and I will do it unless someone timmmy is my best firends me that it is essential to keep it. It is irrelevant to the spirit and contents of this page. Otherwise we should include it in practically any single page of the wikipedia. Pedron
"Several of the member states have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy. A proposed measure to sanction such countries was debated at least twice, but was not approved."
temptation was too strong for me, of course this paragraph was totally irrelevant and absolutely non neutral. Why do not add a paragraph about the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki or the one of Dresden by the British? The nations the most prompts of giving democracy lessons are not necessarily the legitimate ones if you know what i mean. We also could add a paragraph or two about The Great Upheaval of the French spokers Acadians by the Americans, wich is described by some as an ethnical cleansing. Another paragraph could note the Cajun prosecution in Louisiana when the Americans have prohibited the use of French wich was their native language! We could also add a reference to the British treatment of the forbidden children born of British and natives in Australia! How they were separated from their family to be "humanized" and get proper education, those who were assassinated. Yes there are many irrelevant things to reveal about those who consider themselves as teachers of the Human Rights. Synchronicity I
The paragraph is relevant because other similar organisations do make a point of promoting democracy and human rights. Is it appropriate for prominent democracies such as France to associate with less salubrious regimes without making an overt effort to promote good governance? EdC
In fact, the promotion of human rights and democracy are stated as official goals of the oganisation. Check the website. 12:07, 5 September 2006 Taciturnus
AFAIK (from what i red in the fr vers and watched on french TV about the creation/promo of a new sat channel) this OIF organisation is NOT political, but only economical and cultural.
British editors tends to compare it with Commonwealth wich is totally different. This is actually a way for the french to promote and to sell overseas their own artists, writers, publishers, French speaking satellite TV channels and TV shows and series!! this is it! The french uses the fear of uniformisation of cultures (understand the americanization of cultures), wich is associated to anglophony, as an excuse. The true purpose is mercantilism of the french culture. Francophonie is an international economical network linking sellers (French publishers etc) and buyers (former colonies) with each others to create a french culture market. Since there is no more colonial expeditions, now they use "francophonie" as a new vehicle for an economical/cultural imperialism.
Oh, OK. I think that has helped me understand the situation. Still, the comparison with the Commonwealth has been and will be made, and deserves at least to be touched on. EdC
Francophonie's geostrategical importance is minor, even though people consuming french products and french culture will more easily support france's international political views.
The Commonwealth, geostrategic? Actually, I suppose it is in a way. EdC
I don't think france is that much a democracy, as many foreign political observers (and even some french university teachers) describes it more as a monarchy in disguise with a few priviliged people inc. the president, of course, who had amnestied his friends (see the polemical, recent, "Guy Drut" case) and even himself! This is not a direct democracy like Switzerland (mainly because the latter is a small scaled state). there's not that much referendums in france (its said to be too expensive!!), but how could it be true democracy when nobody asks the people before acting?!
Well, direct democracy has its own problems, as do referenda. Not that it couldn't work elsewhere, but Switzerland is a pretty special case. Have you read Why Switzerland? (ISBN 0521484537) - I very much recommend it. Also, while certainly the énarques run everything in France, it still retains a certain democratic cachet - liberté and all that. EdC
"Is it appropriate for prominent democracies such as France to associate with less salubrious regimes without making an overt effort to promote good governance?" i'm sorry to tell, but what you're saying now is just the colonialist's traditional speech. france (and nobody, being the british, or the americans) is legitimate to promote any kind of "good governance" in a country. What is a "good" governance? how can you define "good"? is it on a religious aspect? wich religion? yours? them? what is "good" and what is not is defined by each culture. no country is legitimate to promote a specific governance into a foreign civilization. what about the right to self-determination for each people that was granted by WWII winners wich included the 2 major colonialists Britain & France ?? the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights is NOT universal since its intrinsic "universality" was self-proclaimed by UN members of that time who claimed that THEY were the humanity and that THEY were universal, but this is bullshit since there is no universality in this declaration wich was proclaimed by a bunch of christians countries who were the WWII winners. Nobody asked the Chinese nor the Indians whose populations covers half of the whole humanity, nobody asked the muslims while its the second world religion. This is a well known and ancient tendencie named Ethnocentrism, since the beginning, the colonial expeditions led by the British and the French were Europeocentrists, they considered themselves both as the center of the world and as the standard of humanity just like the Romans, or the Athenians before them, calling all non-Athenians as barbarian wich is pejorative for non-greek (ie "non-human") spoken languages. But no country is legitimate to promote a political regime over another one to a civilization that is older and who didn't asked such advice. Each People has the right to self-determination THIS is a legitimate universal right. Synchronicity I
Well, to me the rights of the individual trump a people's right to self-determination. (A viewpoint shared not only by crazy anarcho-liberals like myself - of which there are a fair number on Wikipedia - but also pretty much anyone who finds themselves on the receiving end of their people's "right to self-determination". Oh, and "there is no such thing as society".) "Good governance" - is a fairly technical term in the context of international development, actually. The Wikipedia article of that name does a pretty fair job of exploring its facets. It's a fairly empirical concept, the idea - borne out to a degree by historical evidence - being that countries which work towards good governance will do better (on metrics such as HDI) than countries which do not.
I don't think mention of alleged WWII war crimes is relevant to the article. Mention of previous French-speaking populations in the now United States could well be appropriate, if written in an appropriate historical context. I don't think the experience of Australian native populations is relevant, unless of course they were French-speaking. (Were they?) EdC
:it wasn't relevant, it was just cynicism, a reminder, a demonstration the british nor the americans are legitimate to promote human rights in foreign countries, nor to judge or condamn local political views abroad, they are not even legitimate to do this in an "encylopedia". considering their own History, these human rights teachers are absolutely not legitimate to get a such arrogant attitude toward foreign countries. Synchronicity I
:: Well, that's one opinion. Another is that now recognising past mistakes, the richer countries are bound to help the nationals of poorer and less free countries towards the rights and privileges their own citizens enjoy. By the way, "legitimate" can't be used as a part of speech in the way you have done above. (No, I have no idea why.) I would suggest "have the right to"; I don't think there's a direct Latinate equivalent. (Perhaps "are entitled to", but that's subtly different in tone.) EdC
Not very relevant.... Several former English colonies have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy. Ericd
And why is that relevant? Aaker
And Commonwealth of Nations mentions that organisation's policy on human rights: "... placing moral pressure on members who violate international laws, such as human rights laws, and abandon democratically-elected government ...". Human rights policy is a fit subject for this article, however it reflects on the organisation. EdC
Francophonie is simply not that ambitious. it's not the French Commonwealth. Synchronicity I
=== NPOV stuff ===
Does anyone else think this is really necessary. I believe it makes the page very NPOV.
'Several of the member states have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy. A proposed measure to impose sanctions on such countries was debated at least twice but was not approved. This is not surprising as the purpose of the organisation is not to promote international cooperation or human rights.'
I don't really get why that paragraph breaks the NPOV rule. No specific country is even named. It is only normal to discuss a little bit of what is going on within the organization. This is a good example of something that is a subject of debate between these countries.
This has nothing to do with the organization, this is only an irrelevant free talk while many important things are missing when comparing this article with the French one, starting with the colors used on the Francophonie map to separate the different uses of French language as native, language, cultural, minority!
Bleu foncé : langue maternelle
Bleu : langue administrative
Bleu clair : langue de culture
Vert : minorités francophones.
This is what happen when editors mistaken francophobia to francophonie and start editing with no knowledge at all. I'm sorry if the truth hurts. By the way i noticed that even the French article used "Francophonie" w/o the article... Synchronicity I
Absolutely. If you can improve the article by importing information from the French-language article, then please do so! I'll start by importing the map. EdC
i'll be happy to do it, i was just afraid that some people here would revert my edits if i dare. i just need some time and i'll translate stuff from the FR to the EN, so the localization/neutralization would be able. Synchronicity I
:Great! EdC
I decided against it; that's a map of French language distribution, thus not appropriate for this article per se. Also, we already have a map of members of the organisation. I added it to Francophone instead. (It's already at French langauge, in the infobox.) EdC
The assertions made in the quoted segment ('Several of the member states... cooperation or human rights.') however true they may be (or may not be) are worded as if they were the mere opinion of the person who wrote that segment. That passage should be edited to be more factual. 'Amnesty International has repeatedly faulted X, Y, Z for human right violations..., etc.' or 'At the 200X annual meeting of la Francophonie, sanctions against X, Y, Z were proposed but not approved...' It is not that the topic covered is inappropriate, just the wording.
:Is the NPOV problem settled? Cause whatever it was is apparently removed from the article, can we remove the NPOV tag yet? Xlegiofalco
== Italy, Francophonie as cultural vehicle ==
Francophonie claims also the Val d'Aoste region of Italy.
Good original article, the comment above on Francophonie as the vehicle of an alternative culture to Anglo-Saxon/consumer society/etc. is bang on (I would be interested to know if anyone has ever read anything comparing or about the influence of Francophonie on the EU). But should this not be pointed out in the article, as it is the raison d'être of the enterprise?
Jeremynicholas
== Question about member states (ExpandSection, Wikify) ==
Off-topic, out of curiosity: I've just seen the list of member states, associate members and additional states of La Francophonie. The membership of many of these countries is obvious, like France, Belgium and Switzerland. But could anyone explain to me what the link of Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Egypt, Albania, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Armenia, Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia with the French language is? Is Armenia's membership possibly related to the fact that France has a large Armenian majority? Aecis Appleknocker Flophouse
I've started on this and added Expandsection so hopefully someone will complete it (if that's overkill, feel free to detag it). However, it doesn't look like Mediawiki likes nested dictionary lists, so I've added a wikify to hopefully get some guru attention (if there's a better way to ask for that, feel free to implement it). My reasons were handraulically generated from parsing country articles, so this should also be checked over by an expert. (Or at least someone who speaks French! :O Vagary
I've changed the opening section, as it's a whopping lie to call the Francophonie a collection of French-speaking polities and governments. As an English speaker who CAN speak French, I would not say that I am a French-speaker. Greece and so on speak Greek etc., then English, then French. Just because it's taught in schools doesn't make them Francophone. Also, there is a difference in understanding in English between 'Francophone' and 'French-speaking'. There are only a few properly French-speaking regions: France, just under half of Belgium, Monaco, a quarter of Switzerland, Haiti, etc. Francophone countries may use French as a lingua Franca (no pun intended), that is as an official means of communication between different languages in the countries (like Berber and Arabic, for example). By this standard, India, Nigeria, Burma and even to some extent most of the world would be 'English-speaking'. This is clearly nonsense. They are Francophone. However, greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Armenia are involved just to seek ties with France and for educational purposes - there are benefits if they want French as an option in schools. This is De Gaulle's dream; a perfect opportunity to claim mentorship over most of the world. They are in the Francophonie for the same reason that Mozambiquei is in the Commonwealth despite its lack of any historical ties to Britain whatsoever. It doesn't ask much to join but there are some benefits. It doesn't mean much. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.241.91.225 (talk)
== Comparison with the Commonwealth of Nations ==
The article states: "Unlike some similar organisations such as the Commonwealth of Nations, La Francophonie does not have in its stated aims the promotion of democracy and human rights. This has led to some criticism as several of the member states have a poor record when it comes to the protection of human rights and the practice of democracy; a proposed measure to impose sanctions on such countries was debated at least twice but was not approved."
That is not true.
1) The stated missions of Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, include "Paix, démocratie et droits de l'Homme" (Peace, Democracy, and Rights of Man). Read the Novembre 3rd 2000 Déclaration de Bamako on this subject. There is actually a section on the initiatives, financing and agenda of the organisation in regards to one of its stated mission of "Paix, démocratie et droits de l'Homme" here: http://www.francophonie.org/actions/democratie/index.cfm
2) Since 1) is not true, "it" (the alledged absense of aims to promote democracy and human rights) cannot have lead to the criticism. The criticism actually came from within the organisation itself. The media relayed information on internal criticism around 1997 when Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard, former Ambassador of Canada to France, promoted the idea of a Charter in order for the organisation to sanction member countries that are known to violate Human Rights. The idea was rejected by France. Read this Le Droit article by journalist Paul Gaboury dated November 18 1997 : http://www.vigile.net/francophonie/gabouryvoix.html
== Membership ==
I have no particular interest in la Francophonie but rather a Ghanaian interest. While reading my daily dose of African news this morning (30 Sep 2006) I learned that Ghana is now a full member of the organization. http://news.africast.com/africastv/article.php?newsID=60007
Your article states that there are 53 member nations. I linked over to the la Francophonie website from your article and, if I am reading the French correctly, that site states that there are 55 member nations. Also, as of this morning Ghana is still listed as an associate member on that site.
I am writing this only to give you guys a heads up. CaliOjosAzules
== "Republic of Macedonia" or "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)"? ==
I bevieve that it's best to use the name "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)" and not just "Republic of Macedonia" on the list of the EU members, since the official name that this country entered the organisation is "Ex-République yougoslave de Macédoine" http://www.francophonie.org/oif/membres.cfm xvvx
It should be listed under the name FYROM. Also, why is FYROM a member of the Francophonie? What's the rationale?
== Mauritius ==
AFAIK french is co-official in Mauritius http://www.geonames.de/coumu.html
Ybgursey
== Serbia - a member or only an observer? ==
The Francophonie website does not list Serbia as its member, but rather as an observer. An anon IP listed it here two weeks ago under the observer heading. However, it was "elevated" to a member status by a registered contributor a couple of days later. The remark about Serbia's "historical traditional friendly relations" with France also looks like POV. I will wait for the time being before making changes to see if anyone has anything to share on the subject . | 413,752,696 | 2011-02-13T20:56:01 | Organisation internationale de la Francophonie | 2,011 |
33,805,962 | 467,117,614 | 2011-12-22T01:04:02 | Middle Hanson Lake | 2,011 |
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33,805,963 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to A Town, a Team, and a Dream, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
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157,857 | Ron Stander (born 17 October 1944 in Columbia, South Carolina) is a boxing referee and former professional boxer from Council Bluffs, Iowa, who was once a challenger for the heavyweight championship of the world.
Stander built up a 23-1-1 record, including a knockout win over future world title challenger, the hard-punching Earnie Shavers, and decisions over fringe contenders Jack O'Halloran, Manuel Ramos, and Thad Spencer. Stander was ranked in the top 15 among the world's Heavyweights when he was given a shot at world champion Joe Frazier, prompting his wife Darlene to say the now famous words, "You don't take a Volkswagen into the Indianapolis 500 unless you know a short-cut."
The fight took place at the Civic Auditorium in Omaha, Nebraska on 25 May 1972. Stander was not knocked out by Frazier, but he lost by a technical knockout after the fourth round, due to heavy cuts, requiring 32 stitches after the fight. This was Frazier's last successful title defense; he would lose to George Foreman in his next bout.
Stander continued boxing until 1982; among his most notable opponents were future world title holders Ken Norton and Gerrie Coetzee, losing to both by TKO. He retired with a record of 37 wins, 21 losses and 3 draws, 28 of those wins coming by knockout.
Stander's success earned him a unique title: The Council Bluffs Butcher.
In 2004, an award-winning documentary entitled "The Bluffs Butcher" and produced by journalism student Andrew Batt, was released. The documentary told the story of Iowa's arguably best shot at a World Heavyweight Boxing Title and chronicled Stander's journey from virtual unknown to boxing's largest stage.
==External links==
1944 births
Living people
American boxers | 437,480,230 | 2011-07-03T00:40:01 | Ron Stander | 2,011 |
31,686,829 | People by university or college in Texas | 427,619,312 | 2011-05-05T18:18:45 | Central Texas College people | 2,011 |
33,805,964 | 467,117,878 | 2011-12-22T01:06:42 | Mink Creek, Idaho | 2,011 |
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33,805,965 | 467,118,203 | 2011-12-22T01:09:22 | Moreland, Idaho | 2,011 |
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33,805,966 | 461,527,353 | 2011-11-20T02:30:49 | Koopa516 | 2,011 |
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33,805,967 | a hopless dickhead called jack ryan wiv a oldah bruva call liam wich is a fukin nerd and allways looks drunk jack is a white snowflake that never smelts beacuase he is a white pieace of shitt lool jack yu sukk motherfukin coocks cuunt | 461,521,334 | 2011-11-20T01:46:44 | Linvalstarz | 2,011 |
22,363,956 | REDIRECT Eidos Interactive | 288,971,732 | 2009-05-10T00:22:04 | Eidos-Montréal | 2,011 |
33,805,968 | 467,120,534 | 2011-12-22T01:31:53 | Neeley, Idaho | 2,011 |
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29,046,736 | I Don't Want to Be Born (U.S. The Devil Within Her) is a 1975 British horror film, directed by Peter Sasdy and starring Joan Collins, Ralph Bates, Eileen Atkins and Donald Pleasence, which tapped into the 1970s fad for devil-child horror films. The film was originally marketed as a straight-faced and serious product, and as such was comprehensively mauled by critics of the time. However it later gained a reputation as a cult film favourite due to its perceived shortcomings, absurdities and unintentional camp comedy appeal.
==Plot==
Lucy (Collins) is working as a dancer in a sleazy strip joint. Her stage act includes a routine with a dwarf named Hercules (George Claydon). One night after the show, she invites Hercules into her dressing-room for a drink. He declines the drink but starts to rub Lucy's neck and shoulders. Lucy feels uncomfortable but tries to pretend nothing is happening, until Hercules makes a sudden lunge for her breasts, causing her to scream out in shock. This alerts the stage manager Tommy (John Steiner), who rushes into the dressing-room and sends Hercules unceremoniously on his way, then proceeds to make love to Lucy. Later as Lucy leaves the club she is confronted by the spurned and humiliated Hercules, who curses her with the words "You will have a baby...a monster! An evil monster conceived inside your womb! As big as I am small and possessed by the devil himself!"
Months pass and Lucy has left her stripping days behind, having moved up in the world via marriage to the wealthy Italian Gino Carlesi (Bates) and now comfortably settled in a grand Kensington townhouse. Lucy goes into hospital to give birth to the baby she is expecting. It proves to be a protracted, dangerous and painful delivery as the baby is a hefty 12-pounder. The new-born infant is handed to Lucy, and seconds later she is sporting a slashed and bleeding cheek. "He scratched me! With his sharp nails!" she exclaims in horror to her obstetrician Dr. Finch (Pleasence), who calmly explains that the baby must have been alarmed at being held too tightly.
Lucy and Gino bring the baby home and are welcomed by their efficient, no-nonsense housekeeper Mrs. Hyde (Hilary Mason). Things get off to a bad start when Mrs. Hyde goes to chuck the baby's chin, only to regret it. "The little devil bit me!" she says as she displays her crushed finger. She takes an instant dislike to the child, and is later rewarded with a dead mouse in her cup of tea. Lucy's attempts at maternal bonding are fraught with problems. She is visited by her friend Mandy (Caroline Munro) and is voicing her concerns when they are interrupted by a series of crashings from upstairs. To their horror, they find the baby in his cot but the nursery practically demolished.
Gino's sister Albana (Atkins), a nun, arrives from her convent in Italy to visit her new nephew. Immediately aware that all is not well, she invites Gino to pray with her for the baby, which results in agonising screams from the nursery. Dr. Finch is consulted, and agrees to carry out a series of tests. Lucy meanwhile finds the burdens of motherhood too much to bear alone, and employs a nurse (Janet Key) to look after the baby. After a near-miss when the nurse's head is pulled underwater while bathing the baby, matters take a deadly turn when she takes him for a walk in the park. Reaching out from his pram, he pushes her with such force that she falls, cracks her head on a lakeside rock, falls unconscious into the water and is drowned.
Lucy pays a visit Tommy at the strip club. She intimates that, given the timing of the birth, there is a chance the baby could be his. "Just ’cause you’ve got some freaky offspring you wanna pin it on me?" he asks. However his curiosity is aroused and he asks to see the "spooky kid". Once at the house he leans over to peer into the baby's cot, only to reel back with a smashed and bloody nose for his trouble. This temporarily pushes the baby up in Lucy's estimation and she gazes lovingly at him, until the face in the cot turns into that of Hercules.
One evening Gino plans a romantic night-in to take Lucy's mind off her woes. At the end of a successful evening, he goes to check on the baby, only to find the nursery empty, the window open and odd noises coming from the garden. Going out to investigate, he looks up into a tree, whereupon a noose is thrust around his neck and he is hauled into the air and hanged. His body is stuffed down a drain. The following day Lucy criss-crosses London in a frenzy trying to find her missing husband. Dr. Finch is summoned and pays an evening call to check on the baby and the distraught Lucy. After administering a powerful sedative to Lucy, he too hears strange noises. He unwisely steps out into the garden, and is decapitated with a spade(While still standing up). The trail of death continues as Lucy stumbles through the house in a groggy haze, pleading for her life to no avail as she is stabbed through the heart with a pair of scissors.
Finally galvanised into action, Albana decides that she must perform exorcism on the baby. Brandishing a crucifix at him and incanting in Latin, she bravely persists as the room shakes and the baby tears at her vestments. Meanwhile at the strip club Hercules is on stage, and begins to stagger around in pain. Albana finally touches the crucifix to the baby's head, and his demons are cast out at the same time as Hercules falls over dead in front of a stunned audience.
==Reputation==
I Don't Want to Be Born was initially a target of critical scorn. A damning review by Andrew Nickolds of Time Out described the film as "derivative and disastrous in every respect: a poor idea...an abominable screenplay by Stanley Price ("I keep getting these awful premonitions"), ludicrous acting...and worst of all, Sasdy's direction. Almost every foot of film not concerned with the baby is travelogue at its most banal – extraneous shots of Westminster and Oxford Street, plugs for Fortnum & Mason and Holiday Inns. Completing this sorry tale of rip-off is borrowing from The Exorcist...and any number of details from Amicus, Hammer and Swinging London horrors. Give it a wide berth." An American reviewer found the film "sensational and vulgar" and "an unholy cross" between The Exorcist and Rosemary's Baby, adding "why decent actors like Eileen Atkins and Donald Pleasence allowed themselves to be corralled into a mess like this is enigmatic."
From the 1980s, the film became a regular feature on late-night TV in the UK and U.S., attracting ironic appreciation from connoisseurs of the "so-bad-it's-good" school of films. The factors which were originally ridiculed now became selling points to this audience, including the incoherent, implausible and ill-explained plot; wild overacting and a general air of absurd hysteria; laughably overwrought, clumsy and stilted dialogue, the bizarre accents adopted by Bates and Atkins; the inclusion of a lengthy, completely gratuitous and archetypally-1970s sex scene between Collins and Bates, and the spectacle of several well-respected actors of the time making fools of themselves. The tongue-in-cheek British Horror Films website sums up the film's appeal as: "There are some films that just defy description. I Don't Want to Be Born ranks very highly among them. The film is...an out-and-out classic. And it was apparently made completely straight-faced. Quite how unbelievable that statement is can only be appreciated when the film is watched."
==Cast==
Joan Collins as Lucy Carlesi
Ralph Bates as Gino Carlesi
Eileen Atkins as Sister Albana
Donald Pleasence as Dr. Finch
Hilary Mason as Mrs. Hyde
Caroline Munro as Mandy Gregory
John Steiner as Tommy Morris
George Claydon as Hercules
Janet Key as Jill Fletcher
Derek Benfield as Police Inspector
Stanley Lebor as Police Sergeant
Judy Buxton as Sheila
Andrew Secombe as Delivery Boy
Floella Benjamin as Nurse
==References==
== External links ==
I Don't Want to Be Born at British Horror Films
The Devil Within Her at Cool Cinema Trash
British films
1975 films
1970s horror films
British horror films
English-language films
Films set in London
Sharon's Baby | 434,991,467 | 2011-06-18T21:14:03 | I Don't Want to Be Born | 2,011 |
33,805,969 | 467,354,440 | 2011-12-23T15:52:03 | Pancho Lake | 2,011 |
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33,805,971 | 467,354,452 | 2011-12-23T15:52:08 | Pats Lake | 2,011 |
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43,839 | The Santorum Amendment was an amendment to the 2001 education funding bill which became known as the No Child Left Behind Act, proposed by then-Republican United States Senator Rick Santorum from Pennsylvania, which promotes the teaching of intelligent design while questioning the academic standing of evolution in U.S. public schools. Though the amendment only survives in modified form in the Bill's Conference Report and does not carry the weight of law, as one of the Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns it became a cornerstone in the intelligent design movement's "Teach the Controversy" campaign.
==History==
The origin of the amendment can be traced back to 2000, when leading intelligent design (ID) proponents through the Discovery Institute,
a conservative Christian think tank that is the hub of the intelligent design movement, held a congressional briefing in Washington, D.C., to promote their agenda to lawmakers. Sen. Rick Santorum was one of intelligent design's most vocal supporters on Capitol Hill.
One result of this briefing was that in 2001 Senator Santorum proposed incorporating pro-intelligent design language, crafted in part by the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, into the No Child Left Behind bill. It portrayed evolution as generating "much continuing controversy" and not widely accepted, using the Discovery Institute's Teach The Controversy method.
In proposing the amendment, Santorum addressed the Congress:
Santorum then went on to quote David DeWolf, a Senior Fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, as how the Institute's agenda was justified and would benefit students.
Phillip E. Johnson, retired UC Berkeley law professor, leading proponent of intelligent design, founding advisor of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, and "father" of the intelligent design movement, assisted Santorum in phrasing the amendment. Johnson says that he is the author of the original amendment.
On June 14, 2001, the amendment was passed as part of the education funding bill by the Senate on a vote of 91-8. This was hailed as a major victory by proponents of intelligent design and other creationists; for instance an email newsletter by the Discovery Institute contained the sentence "Undoubtedly this will change the face of the debate over the theories of evolution and intelligent design in America...It also seems that the Darwinian monopoly on public science education, and perhaps the biological sciences in general, is ending." Senator Sam Brownback of Kansas cited the amendment as vindicating the 1999 Kansas school board decision (since overturned) to eliminate evolution questions from state tests.
The House version of the bill H.R. 1 did not contain the amendment, which meant that a conference committee had to decide its ultimate fate.
Scientists and educators feared that by singling out biological evolution as very controversial, the amendment could create the impression that a substantial scientific controversy about evolution exists, leading to a lessening of academic rigor in science curricula. A coalition of 96 scientific and educational organizations signed a letter to this effect to the conference committee, urging that the amendment be stricken from the final bill, which it was, but intelligent design supporters on the conference committee preserved it in the bill's legislative history.
While the amendment did not become law, a version of it appears in the Conference Report as an explanatory text about the legislative history and purposes of the bill. Such a report may be taken into account if courts later need to consider the intent of the bill, but it has no legal force per se. The final text of the Santorum Amendment as included in the Conference Report reads:
Despite the amendment lacking the weight of law, the conference report is constantly cited by the Discovery Institute and other ID supporters as providing federal sanction for intelligent design. In response to criticisms of the Institute stating that the amendment was a federal education policy requiring inclusion of alternatives to evolution be taught, which it was not, in 2003 intelligent design's three most prominent legislators, John Boehner, Judd Gregg and Santorum provided a letter to the Discovery Institute giving it the go ahead to invoke the amendment as evidence of "Congress's rejection of the idea that students only need to learn about the dominant scientific view of controversial topics". This letter was also sent to executives on the Ohio Board of Education and the Texas Board of Education, both of which were subject to Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns at the time.
==Scientific community's response==
The position of scientists and science educators has been that although evolution has generated a great deal of political and philosophical debate it is, in the scientific fields, regarded as fact. They said that the amendment creates the mis-perception that evolution is not fully accepted in the scientific community, and thus weakens science curricula. As a response, a coalition of 96 scientific and educational organizations wrote a letter to the conference committee, urging that the amendment be stricken from the final bill.
In addition, opponents of the amendment cite the stated agenda of the Discovery Institute's Phillip Johnson use of the "Wedge strategy" to "affirm the reality of God by challenging the domination of materialism and naturalism in the world of the mind" and thereby return Christian creationism in the guise of intelligent design to public school classrooms. Along with the Academic Bill of Rights, the Santorum Amendment and its "Teach the Controversy" approach is viewed by some academics as a threat to academic freedom.
==See also==
Teach the Controversy
Wedge strategy
Discovery Institute
Intelligent design in politics
Natural science
==References==
==External links==
Link to Conference Report with text
Commentary, history and links from the Discovery Institute web site
Professor Ken Miller's claim that the Discovery Institute wrongly stated the Santorum Amendment was part of the Education Bill.
Discovery Institute's Response to Ken Miller's accusations
Washington Post article noting Santorum's drawing upon Discovery Institute material for the amendment
Creationism
Intelligent design
Intelligent design movement
Intelligent design controversies
Discovery Institute campaigns
Rick Santorum | 468,155,993 | 2011-12-28T21:43:25 | Santorum Amendment | 2,011 |
33,805,972 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Emerald, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Emerald was changed by 110.55.77.110 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.913441 on 2011-11-20T01:46:50+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 461,521,355 | 2011-11-20T01:46:55 | 110.55.77.110 | 2,011 |
33,805,973 | 467,354,464 | 2011-12-23T15:52:14 | Pauline, Idaho | 2,011 |
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31,686,830 | ==Welcome==
Hello, Joseph S 97, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type and your question on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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22,363,958 | == April 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from . When removing text, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the text has been restored, as you can see from the . Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Oliver Fury, Esq. messagecontributions
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29,046,740 | == Summary ==
Poster for the 1975 British film, I Don't Want to Be Born.
==Rationale of fair use for I Don't Want to Be Born==
This image is used to represent the film and illustrate how it was promoted during its original theatrical release.
It is of much lower resolution than the original (copies made from it will be of very inferior quality).
It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to market or sell the work in any way.
This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is.
The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the original work.
No free or public domain images have been located for this item.
== Licensing ==
Film poster images | 388,564,977 | 2010-10-03T23:35:56 | IDWTBB.jpg | 2,011 |
33,805,974 | 467,354,494 | 2011-12-23T15:52:27 | Perkins Lake | 2,011 |
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33,805,975 | 467,354,504 | 2011-12-23T15:52:32 | Pettit Lake | 2,011 |
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33,805,976 | 467,354,515 | 2011-12-23T15:52:38 | Pillar Falls | 2,011 |
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31,686,831 | == Welcome! ==
|}
|}
== May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page Close Lobsters has been reverted.Your edit here to Close Lobsters was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove links which are discouraged per our external links guideline. The external link(s) you added or changed (http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/2111/lobsters.html) is/are on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia.If you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other, constructive, changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! --XLinkBot (talk) | 427,619,321 | 2011-05-05T18:18:51 | Bongovonbudvar | 2,011 |
31,686,833 | == Invitation to participate in GLAM/ARKive project ==
Congratulations for all your good work translating GLAM/Derby articles. I would now like to invite you to assist in translating English-language articles about endangered species, which have been improved by the GLAM/ARKive project. These are listed on this section of the project page. Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Andy's talk; Andy's edits
but not until September 4th Victuallers (talk) | 445,699,757 | 2011-08-19T17:56:50 | GLAM/Derby/Multilingual Challenge/Participants | 2,011 |
33,805,977 | 467,354,523 | 2011-12-23T15:52:45 | Pleasantview, Idaho | 2,011 |
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22,363,961 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was redirect to List of county routes in Suffolk County, New York. stuff's in history for the merge Fritzpoll (talk)
===County Route 31 (Suffolk County, New York)===
() – (View AfD)(View log)
There is no evidence of notability for this road. This road fails USRD/NT as a county route of a local county route system. In addition to this, the road is only four miles long. Rschen7754 (T C)
Cut down to a few sentences and merge into the notes column of List of county routes in Suffolk County, New York. This doesn't look like a major road (Old Riverhead Road north from Westhampton Beach).
that's it? I'm curious? Do we need this one? - I'm with NE2 on this one Merge — master sonT - C
Merge per NE2. – TMF
Weak keep I know of far less important roads in Suffolk County. This is no CR 15 in Smithtown. It serves Westhampton Beach, and the nearby airport, not to mention having a huge cloverleaf interchange with NY 27, like County Route 104 (Suffolk County, New York). It's obvious that Suffolk County DPW and NYSDOT had greater ambitions for the road, back when they were willing to make true road improvements.
Merge per USRD/NT to a list the list suggested by NE2. No clue on best target, but that's what the guideline suggests. Hobit (talk)
Merge per NE2 above.
Merge - I feel that many county roads, such as this one, are short routes that generally serve local interests and are better suited to a list. There are many unnumbered roads that probably have more notability than this road. This is the reason why I am reluctant to do a mass creation of articles for 600-series county routes in New Jersey. Dough4872 (talk)
''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 284,395,334 | 2009-04-17T11:15:57 | Articles for deletion/County Route 31 (Suffolk County, New York) | 2,011 |
33,805,978 | 467,354,532 | 2011-12-23T15:52:51 | Plummer Lake (Idaho) | 2,011 |
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31,686,835 | Coleophora platyphyllae is a moth of the Coleophoridae family. It is found in Japan.
The wingspan is about 13 mm.
The larvae feed on Betula platyphylla. They create a blackish, rather slender pistol-case, with some whitish fluffs along the lateral line and around the anal flap. It is about 8 mm in length. The larva feeds on the upper surface of the host leaf without making mine.
==References==
Coleophora | 427,619,463 | 2011-05-05T18:19:58 | Coleophora platyphyllae | 2,011 |
29,046,742 | == October 2010 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Closed-eye hallucination, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Susfele (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings. | 388,564,982 | 2010-10-03T23:35:57 | 65.185.62.230 | 2,011 |
31,686,836 | 427,619,498 | 2011-05-05T18:20:13 | GLAM/Derby/Multilingual Challenge/Existing pages | 2,011 |
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33,805,981 | The Knox Old Boys Rugby Union Football Club is a rugby union club which plays in Division One of the New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union and is based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The club has won the Kentwell Cup, among other trophies.
==History==
The Club was founded by and is associated with the ex-students association of Knox Grammar School, a Uniting Church day and boarding school for boys, located in Wahroonga, an upper North Shore suburb of Sydney, Australia. The club won the New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union's Kentwell Cup in 2005 and 2009.
==See also==
Rugby union in New South Wales
List of Old Knox Grammarians
==External links==
Homepage
==References==
Rugby union teams in Sydney | 461,525,515 | 2011-11-20T02:16:21 | Knox Rugby Club | 2,011 |
31,686,837 | Welcome!
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29,046,744 | == October 2010 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Michigan, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. AlexiusHoratius | 388,564,994 | 2010-10-03T23:36:01 | 75.198.36.88 | 2,011 |
31,686,838 | 427,619,540 | 2011-05-05T18:20:29 | Coleophora platyphyllae | 2,011 |
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33,805,982 | 467,354,565 | 2011-12-23T15:53:07 | Raft River (Idaho) | 2,011 |
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33,805,983 | 467,354,573 | 2011-12-23T15:53:13 | Riverside, Bingham County, Idaho | 2,011 |
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33,805,984 | 467,354,586 | 2011-12-23T15:53:18 | Riverside, Canyon County, Idaho | 2,011 |
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33,805,985 | 467,354,601 | 2011-12-23T15:53:25 | Robie Creek, Idaho | 2,011 |
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22,363,965 | Hlane Royal National Park is a park in Swaziland, roughly 67km northeast of Manzini. Prior to the park being public, it was a private royal hunting ground. Hlane, meaning 'wilderness', was named by King Sobhuza II. It is now held in trust for the Nation by His Majesty King Mswati III,
and is managed by Big Game Parks, a privately owned body.
It is Swaziland's largest protected area and also the largest park. The park and its adjacent dispersal areas covers 30,000 hectares of Swazi bushveld. It is a flat lowland area, covered with ancient hardwood trees like knobthorn, leadwood and tambuti, with some grasslands and shallow pans.
Hlane is home to lion, elephant and white rhino. Wildebeest, zebra and impala are attracted to the waterholes during the dry winter months, June to September.
It has an abundant and diverse bird life, including the highest density of nesting white-backed vultures in Africa. Raptors include martial eagles, bateleurs, and Long-crested Eagles, as well as several species of vultures including white-backed, white-headed, lappetfaced and the occasional Cape vulture. It has the southernmost nesting site of the marabou stork.
A network of game-viewing roads criss-cross the park’s flat terrain. Accommodation is available in thatched huts and cottages.
The park was bisected by a highway in the 1960s under pressure from sugar estates at the park's borders. They claimed that the highway would cause no environmental damage, but now hundreds of antelope, wild boar, buffalo and other game are struck by vehicles each year.
==References==
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==Sources==
National parks of Swaziland
Geography of Swaziland
Protected areas of Swaziland | 434,568,113 | 2011-06-16T11:04:26 | Hlane Royal National Park | 2,011 |
33,805,988 | 467,354,611 | 2011-12-23T15:53:30 | Rock Island Lake | 2,011 |
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11,337,512 | Palibhasa Lalake (Just Because (You're) A Man) is a defunct Philippine TV sitcom series on ABS-CBN which ran fron 1986 to 1998.
==Sypnopsis==
The show began in 1986 with the original cast composed of Joey Marquez, Richard Gomez, Miguel Rodriguez, Gloria Romero, Cynthia Patag, and Amy Perez.
They were later joined by Carmina Villaroel (who then played Richard's younger sister, Cathy, a streetsmart tomboyish kid from the province, and Apa Ongpin (who played the role of a rich Castilian hunky nerd).
Over the years, many characters have come and gone (and stayed on), like Rene Requiestas (as Minerva's genius brother who is never taken seriously), John Estrada (as Johnny, a dumb hunk whose favorite endeavor is to invent things that never succeeded anyway). Later additions to the family include the Gwapings, namely Mark Anthony Fernandez, Jomari Yllana, and Eric Fructuoso (who play regular teenage rascals always on the lookout for girls). Still later on, another bench brat joined in the fray, Jao Mapa.
Since the show was predominantly male, girls had to join in the fun too. They are Lindsay Custodio, Rica Peralejo, Jacqui Manzano, and Regine Tolentino, all fresh and talented, and sexy teens. Claudine Barretto and G. Toengi also appeared as recurring guest stars in early years. The growth of the characters has proven an effective come for the program. With the addition of comedy prince Anjo Yllana, who plays Tikboy, a lovable semi-retardate in search of his long-lost mother, the much needed boost has given the program the unbeatable 1-2 power packed punch which demolishes competition to a pulp.
==Cast==
===Regular===
Richard Gomez as Ricky (1986-1998)
Joey Marquez as Joey
John Estrada as Johnny (1989-1998)
Miguel Rodriguez as Miggy (1986-1992) (Recurring guest thereafter)
Anjo Yllana as Tikboy (1992-1998)
Gloria Romero as Tita Minerva Chavez
Amy Perez as Amy
Cynthia Patag as Cynthia Alexander
Carmina Villaroel as Cathy (1986-1993)
Apa Ongpin (1986)
Edu Manzano as Budoy
===The Gwapings===
Mark Anthony Fernandez as Mark
Eric Fructuoso as Eric
Jomari Yllana as Jomari
Jao Mapa as Jao
===The Kutings===
Claudine Barretto as Tracey
Rica Peralejo as Ashley
G. Toengi as KC
Regine Tolentino as Regine
Lindsay Custodio as Sydney
===Additionals===
John Lloyd Cruz as Grasshopper Rovic
Rene Requiestas as Minerva's brother
Jacqui Manzano as Jacqui
Bonel Balingit as Hikapre
Sarah Jane Ritter
Bearwin Meily
Gabby Eigenmann
Andrea del Rosario as Seksi
Ogie Diaz as Pekto
Bentong as Bentong
==See also==
List of shows previously aired by ABS-CBN
== External links ==
ABS–CBN Corporation
Philippine television series
Philippine comedy television series
Palibhasa Lalake | 468,178,327 | 2011-12-28T23:57:41 | Palibhasa Lalake | 2,011 |