Search is not available for this dataset
page_id
int64 845
72.9M
| text
stringlengths 0
405M
| revision_id
int64 2.84M
1.14B
| timestamp
timestamp[us] | title
stringlengths 1
223
| year
int64 2.02k
2.02k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
61,281,100 | == July 2019 ==
Hello, I'm OxonAlex. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Tornado records have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the help desk. Thanks. ~~ OxonAlex - talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 906,251,649 | 2019-07-14T17:15:15 | 2600:6C4A:787F:F6B4:2159:86FF:B6A1:8B30 | 2,019 |
61,281,101 | 906,251,672 | 2019-07-14T17:15:29 | Désiré Hudelo | 2,019 |
|
56,488,223 | Film award winners
Czech film awards
Film | 914,779,332 | 2019-09-09T09:58:23 | Czech film award winners | 2,019 |
50,069,648 | == April 2016 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Cameron Diaz has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
For help, take a look at the introduction.
The following is the log entry regarding this message: Cameron Diaz was changed by 101.184.55.254 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.959892 on 2016-04-07T03:21:24+00:00 .
Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Cameron Diaz. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. North America1000
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 714,011,877 | 2016-04-07T03:22:10 | 101.184.55.254 | 2,019 |
31,686,743 | Murray Norton Broadcaster, charity fund raiser, restaurant owner and well known personality in Jersey, Channel Islands
Born 25th June 1959 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
A pupil at Apley Park Boarding School from 1970- 1974
Served an engineering apprenticeship with <
Murray moved to Jersey since 1979 to work as the show compere at Behan's West Park in Jersey for three summer seasons. He was the resident DJ in the leading nights clubs of Jersey during the 1980's including Madisons and Raffles
He joined the BBC in 1984, leaving in 2006 after presenting for 22 years. After a brief spell with commercial station Channel 103, he re-joined the BBC five years after leaving in April 2011.
Away from the BBC, he is a regular presenter for live online TV programmes for many commercial brands such as Lapgroig whisky in Scotland and Maker's Mark Bourbon in Kentucky for from locations around the world.
He has had many magazine articles published, mostly featuring holiday destinations around the world
He is also known for his fund raising expertise within the island. Raising huge sums with a Radio Auction every December for over 25 year, known as the Jersey Christmas Appeal, to help families less fortunate at the seasonal time of year. Murray's title is 'auction co-ordinator' where he gets local businesses to donate items and services and then produces an on air auction to eight hours inviting listeners to call in and bid. He has raised money for other charities, including cycling around Jersey ten times in five days for the Murray's 10 Charity Challenge, with money going to 10 local Jersey charities. is patron of his charity. Murray also cycled in two different teams coast to coast across Mexico raising money for Jersey Hospice. The combined total raised was in excess of £360,000.
He often appears at public events in Jersey as a host or compere, the biggest which is the where he was the commentator for more than twenty years.
In 2003 He opened Murray's, a highly successful casual cafe and restaurant in . rate this as the number one restaurant in St Aubin according to reviews from the general public.
== References ==
== External links ==
/programmes/p00frr3s
/watch?v=Coi6OSpXfd0
/.../battle-people-murray-norton-and-peter-morris/
/Restaurants-g551610-St_Aubin_Jersey_Channel_
| 878,455,598 | 2019-01-14T22:34:44 | Newlyfan/Murray Norton | 2,019 |
22,363,914 | == April 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Chico and the Man, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Chico and the Man was changed by 64.246.147.73 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2009-04-10T23:31:48+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) | 283,075,678 | 2009-04-10T23:31:51 | 64.246.147.73 | 2,019 |
11,337,444 | == Dead links everywhere ==
I've been checking the external links on this page, and almost all of them are dead. They also seem somewhat random: why are there 4 links to Canadian risk assessments of various strains (including one broken link)? Why are some papers listed but not referenced in the text? Surely if they are relevant enough to be in the external links section they should be contributing to the article itself, no?
I would quite like to clean this section up (I am currently working to improve the article), but am a very new editor. If a more seasoned Wikipedian could chip in, that would be fantastic. Thanks! Rambunctious Racoon (talk)
== External links modified ==
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to on Trichoderma reesei. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
Added archive to
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.
Cheers.—cyberbot IITalk to my owner:Online
== External links modified ==
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to on Trichoderma reesei. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
Added archive to
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).
Cheers.—cyberbot IITalk to my owner:Online
== External links modified ==
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Trichoderma reesei. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
Added archive to
Added archive to
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) | 757,868,263 | 2017-01-02T05:17:33 | Trichoderma reesei | 2,019 |
29,046,607 | ~
Russia and Soviet Union military ship templates | 569,632,871 | 2013-08-21T21:32:13 | Evstafi class battleship | 2,019 |
61,281,102 | Zoomkoom is a fermented beverage from Northern Ghana and its neighboring country Burkina Faso with a sweet and spicy taste. "Zoom" means flour and “koom” means are varieties of "zoomkoom",the traditional and modernized traditional beverage is brown in color and the modernized has a white appearance because millet is used in place of guinea corn and without shea butter.
== Ingredients ==
ginger
grains of selim
cloves
pepper
shea butter (optional)
milled millet/ guinea corn
== Method of preparation ==
Peeled tamarinds are soaked in water, and then boiled and sugar is added. Millet flour, chilli pepper and ginger are then added, and the mixture is stirred to a smooth consistency. The drink is served cold.
== Uses ==
“zoomkoom” is a welcome-to-my-house drink and is usually offered to guests.
traditional ceremonies
== References ==
Ghana drinks | 921,082,416 | 2019-10-13T19:11:16 | Zoomkoom | 2,019 |
36,123,895 | == June 2012 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Floods in Australia, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Floods in Australia was changed by 42.241.209.64 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.95704 on 2012-06-13T04:04:14+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Floods in Australia with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Jim1138 (talk) | 497,341,637 | 2012-06-13T04:10:29 | 42.241.209.64 | 2,019 |
31,686,744 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Business studies, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Business studies was changed by 82.26.109.230 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.938956 on 2011-05-05T18:07:47+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,617,734 | 2011-05-05T18:07:50 | 82.26.109.230 | 2,019 |
219,626 | Artificial meat may refer to:
Cultured meat: meat grown in cell culture instead of inside animals
Meat analogue: imitation meat products such as textured vegetable protein (TVP) | 877,658,090 | 2019-01-10T02:09:53 | Artificial meat | 2,019 |
33,805,845 | Otto Sydow (1 February 1896 – 24 June 1970) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Luftwaffe during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Otto Sydow was captured by Soviet troops in May 1945 and was held until October 1955.
==Awards and decorations==
Wound Badge (1914)
in Black (9 July 1918)
Iron Cross (1914)
2nd Class (7 March 1917)
Cross of Honor
Sudetenland Medal with "Prague Castle Bar"
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (4 December 1940)
1st Class (25 August 1941)
Anti-Aircraft Flak Battle Badge (12 December 1941)
Eastern Front Medal
German Cross in Gold (24 September 1942)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 28 February 1945 as Generalmajor and commander of 1. Flak-Division Berlin
==References==
===Citations===
===Bibliography===
==External links==
World War 2
1896 births
1970 deaths
People from Altentreptow
German military personnel of World War I
Luftwaffe World War II generals
Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 2nd class
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union
German police officers
People from the Province of Pomerania
Major generals of the Luftwaffe | 809,995,001 | 2017-11-12T20:15:25 | Otto Sydow | 2,019 |
56,488,233 | 905,045,286 | 2019-07-06T13:01:33 | Kaleerein | 2,019 |
|
56,488,236 | 897,367,314 | 2019-05-16T15:28:59 | Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile | 2,019 |
|
61,281,104 | 906,251,740 | 2019-07-14T17:16:05 | Taxonomy/Phrynomerinae | 2,019 |
|
61,281,105 | == July 2019 ==
Hello, I'm OxonAlex. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Tornado records have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the help desk. Thanks. ~~ OxonAlex - talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 906,251,746 | 2019-07-14T17:16:08 | 2600:1700:DC50:5950:61:D438:5F95:D354 | 2,019 |
5,399,373 | State of Change is an original novel written by Christopher Bulis and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. The novel features the Sixth Doctor and Peri, although the dimensional instability of the realm they are currently visiting causes the Doctor to briefly regress through his first five incarnations; the Sixth Doctor also spends a great deal of time allowing the personality of the Third Doctor to take control of his body when he is forced to fight.
==Plot==
10 BC. The Doctor and Peri land in ancient Rome, specifically in the tomb of Cleopatra. But something is very wrong: The tomb walls depict steam-driven galleys and other disturbing anachronisms. The time travellers discover that Rome has advanced far beyond its natural means, and they must recruit the aid of Ptolemy Caesar to prevent his half-siblings, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II, from waging a potentially world-ending war with each other. But the anomalies don't just end with Rome, as The Doctor and Peri experience changes of their own...
==Continuity==
It is implied at the end of the novel, when the Dominion is transported to a newly created duplicate of Earth in a distant star system, that this is the same planet as Mondas - the eventual home of the Cybermen.
==External links==
The Cloister Library - State of Change
State of Change in the TARDIS Data Core
1994 British novels
1994 science fiction novels
Virgin Missing Adventures
Sixth Doctor novels
Novels by Christopher Bulis
The Rani (Doctor Who) stories
Novels set in ancient Rome
Novels set in the 1st century BC | 875,319,726 | 2018-12-25T15:12:40 | State of Change | 2,019 |
50,069,650 | == Welcome! ==
{| width="100%" style="background-color:#F5FFFA;"
|style="width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"|
{| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA"
! Getting started
|-
|style="color:#000"|
A tutorial • Our five pillars • Getting mentored
How to: Edit a page • Upload and use images • Create your first article
Intuitive guide to Wikipedia • Article Creation Wizard
|-
! Getting help
|-
| style="color:#000"|
Frequently asked questions • Tips
Where to ask questions or make comments
Request administrator attention
Help desk: A Wiki Styled page to ask questions on
Help directory: A comprehensive list-style help contents page
|-
! Policies and guidelines
|-
| style="color:#000"|
Neutral point of view • No original research
Verifiability • Reliable sources • Citing sources
What Wikipedia is not • Biographies of living persons
List of policies • Three-revert rule • Sock puppetry
Copyrights • Policy for non-free content • Image use policy
External links • Spam • Vandalism • List of guidelines
Deletion policy • Conflict of interest • Notability
|-
|}
|class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"|
{| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA"
! The community
|-
|style="color:#000"|
Build consensus • Resolve disputes
Assume good faith • Civility • Etiquette
No personal attacks • No legal threats
Community portal • Village pump
Signpost • IRC channels • Mailing lists
|-
! Writing articles
|-
|style="color:#000"|
Be bold in editing • Develop an article
The perfect article • Simplified manual of style
Stubs • Categories • Disambiguation
Peer review • Featured content
|-
! Miscellaneous
|-
|style="color:#000"|
User pages • Talk pages
Awards a registered contributor can achieve and award
Clean up: General • Spam • Vandalism
Join a WikiProject • Translation
Useful templates • Tools • User scripts
|-
|}
|}
|}
== April 2016 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page Gay Village, Montreal has been edit here to Gay Village, Montreal was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove links which are discouraged per our external links guideline. The external link(s) you added or changed ( is/are on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia. If the external link you inserted or changed was to a blog, forum, free web hosting service, fansite, or similar site (see 'Links to avoid', #11), then please check the information on the external site thoroughly. Note that such sites should probably not be linked to if they contain information that is in violation of the creator's copyright (see Linking to copyrighted works), or they are not written by a recognised, reliable source. Linking to sites that you are involved with is also strongly discouraged (see conflict of interest).If you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other, constructive, changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! --XLinkBot (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, please ignore this notice. | 714,011,863 | 2016-04-07T03:22:02 | 67.71.170.75 | 2,019 |
22,363,918 | Hi!
Could you give me any references about the Bete fruit?
Thanks.
--Againme (talk) | 283,075,768 | 2009-04-10T23:32:22 | 161.31.226.95 | 2,019 |
61,281,107 | 906,251,789 | 2019-07-14T17:16:30 | Taxonomy/Phrynomantis | 2,019 |
|
61,281,108 | == July 2019 ==
Hello, I'm OxonAlex. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Mark Schlabach have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the help desk. Thanks. ~~ OxonAlex - talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 906,251,797 | 2019-07-14T17:16:35 | 174.28.82.97 | 2,019 |
61,281,109 | 906,251,809 | 2019-07-14T17:16:41 | Henri Hubert (gymnast) | 2,019 |
|
61,281,110 | Hello! The name is FishyFishsticks! I like music. | 906,251,814 | 2019-07-14T17:16:44 | FishyFishsticks | 2,019 |
31,686,745 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Sam Butcher, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Sam Butcher was changed by 4.28.88.210 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.865721 on 2011-05-05T18:07:48+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please do not add commentary or your own personal analysis to Wikipedia articles, as you did to Precious Moments, Inc.. Doing so violates Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy and breaches the formal tone expected in an encyclopedia. Thank you. Meph. | 427,622,855 | 2011-05-05T18:41:53 | 4.28.88.210 | 2,019 |
50,069,654 | == April 2016 ==
Hello. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Perfect has been undone because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. – Gilliam (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 714,011,939 | 2016-04-07T03:22:52 | 2601:81:8400:32BE:A5:9DAF:DB04:6BA1 | 2,019 |
56,488,244 | SU Ursae Majoris, or SU UMa, is a close binary star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It is a periodic cataclysmic variable that varies in magnitude from a peak of 10.8 down to a base of 14.96. The distance to this system, as determined from its annual parallax shift of , is 719 light years. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +27 km/s.
The variable nature of this star was discovered at the Moscow Observatory by Lidiya Tseraskaya (L. Ceraski) in 1908. It was classified as a U Geminorum-type variable, or dwarf nova. Observation since 1926 showed that this variable undergoes two different types of eruptions: a short maxima lasting around two days that ranged in brightess between 11.6–12.9 magnitude, and a longer maxima extending for 13 days that ranged between 10.4–11.8 magnitude. The later event came to be referred to as 'supermaxima'. Similar dwarf novae of this class have since been discovered, and SU UMa is now the prototype for this sub-category of variable stars.
This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of . It consists of a white dwarf star that is acquiring matter from its close companion via an accretion disk. This disk is unstable and undergoes periodic outbursts which increase the luminosity of the system. For SU UMa, the accretion rate from the companion is . X-ray emission has been detected in the vicinity of the white dwarf, which drops by a factor of four during outbursts. This emission is theorized to come from the boundary layer between the white dwarf and its accretion disk.
==See also==
Superhump
==References==
==Further reading==
White dwarfs
Dwarf novae
Spectroscopic binaries
Ursa Major (constellation)
Ursae Majoris, SU
2MASS objects | 909,499,527 | 2019-08-05T20:35:35 | SU Ursae Majoris | 2,019 |
61,281,114 | 906,251,933 | 2019-07-14T17:17:46 | Communism in India | 2,019 |
|
50,069,655 | == April 2016 ==
Hello. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Onion has been undone because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. – Gilliam (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 714,011,983 | 2016-04-07T03:23:25 | 2605:E000:ADCB:9300:75EB:D003:6290:450E | 2,019 |
31,686,746 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Deryck Whibley, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Deryck Whibley was changed by 70.112.212.69 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.972924 on 2011-05-05T18:07:46+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,617,740 | 2011-05-05T18:07:51 | 70.112.212.69 | 2,019 |
61,281,115 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, Zippydo2, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful:
Introduction and Getting started
Contributing to Wikipedia
The five pillars of Wikipedia
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
How to create your first article
Simplified Manual of Style
You may also want to complete the Wikipedia Adventure, an interactive tour that will help you learn the basics of editing Wikipedia. You can visit the Teahouse to ask questions or seek help.
Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome! I dream of horses @ | 906,251,944 | 2019-07-14T17:17:53 | Zippydo2 | 2,019 |
533,285 | Copp's Hill is an elevation in the historic North End of Boston, Massachusetts. It is bordered by Hull Street, Charter Street and Snow Hill Street. The hill takes its name from William Copp, a shoemaker who lived nearby. Copp's Hill Burying Ground is a stop on the Freedom Trail.
==Early history==
Like all of the Shawmut Peninsula, the hill was Algonquian territory before the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The first English settlers to the hill arrived in the 1630s and built a windmill atop the hill to grind grain.
==Copp's Hill Burying Ground==
Founded by the town of Boston in 1659, Copp's Hill Burying Ground is the second oldest burying ground in the city. The cemetery's boundaries were extended several times, and the grounds contain the remains of many notable Bostonians in the thousands of graves and 272 tombs.
Among the Bostonians buried here are the original owner, William Copp, his children, Increase Mather, Cotton Mather, Robert Newman, John Pulling, (the patriots who placed the signal lanterns in the steeple of Old North Church for Paul Revere's midnight ride to Lexington and Concord), Prince Hall (the father of Black Freemasonry), and many unmarked graves of the African Americans who lived in the "New Guinea" community at the foot of the hill. The cemetery was not an official stop on the Freedom Trail when it was created in 1951, but it has since been added and is much-frequented by tourists and photographers.
==Revolutionary War==
During the Revolutionary War, the British used the hill to train artillery onto Charlestown during the Battle of Bunker Hill. For several years starting in 1806, soil was taken from the top of Copp's Hill to increase the available building land by filling the Mill Pond. This removal reduced the height of the hill by about 7 feet (about 2 meters).
==Skinny House==
Across Hull street from the Copp's Hill Burying Ground is an extremely narrow four-story spite house built shortly after the Civil War. Only wide at its widest point, the house is reported by the Boston Globe as having the "uncontested distinction of being the narrowest house in Boston."
==The vista==
Copp's Hill is the highest point in the North End and is the third highest hill in Boston after Beacon Hill and Fort Hill. As such, Copp's Hill provides a view of numerous local landmarks. The Old North Church stands at one end of Hull Street. In the opposite direction, the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge and the TD Garden are visible not far away. Over local rooftops the upper levels of Custom House Tower, One International Place, and other buildings in the Financial District can be glimpsed. Beyond the other side of the hill, across the Charles River in Charlestown, the USS Constitution and the USS Cassin Young may be seen docked at Boston Navy Yard with the Bunker Hill Monument in the distance.
==Gallery==
Image:Increase Mather |The Mather family tomb in Copp's Hill Burying Ground
Image:|The Skinny House on Hull Street
Image:|The Skinny House with Copp's Hill Burying Ground in the foreground
Image:|From left to right can be seen the Skinny House, the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge, and the Copp's Hill Burying Ground.
Image:|The Copp's Hill Burying Ground in the foreground with the Custom House Tower and One International Place glimpsed in the background.
Image:Copp's Hill Terrace |Copp's Hill Terrace
==References==
North End, Boston | 906,675,011 | 2019-07-17T12:53:17 | Copp's Hill | 2,019 |
61,281,116 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.
Here are some links to pages you may find useful:
Contributing to Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
Simplified Manual of Style
You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply . It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you:
Create new pages and rename pages
Edit semi-protected pages
Upload images
Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed
Note that in order for the first three features to be available, you must have had an account for a certain number of days and made a certain number of edits.
If you edit without using a named account, your IP address (2A02:C7F:8651:3300:7824:1FED:3830:C855) is used to identify you instead.
I hope that you, as a Wikipedian, decide to continue contributing to our project: an encyclopedia of human knowledge that anyone can edit. If you need help, check out Questions, or you can to ask for help on your talk page, and a volunteer should respond shortly. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~).
Happy editing! I dream of horses @ | 906,251,970 | 2019-07-14T17:18:05 | 2A02:C7F:8651:3300:7824:1FED:3830:C855 | 2,019 |
61,281,117 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.
Here are some links to pages you may find useful:
Contributing to Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
Simplified Manual of Style
You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply . It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you:
Create new pages and rename pages
Edit semi-protected pages
Upload images
Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed
Note that in order for the first three features to be available, you must have had an account for a certain number of days and made a certain number of edits.
If you edit without using a named account, your IP address (162.195.112.168) is used to identify you instead.
I hope that you, as a Wikipedian, decide to continue contributing to our project: an encyclopedia of human knowledge that anyone can edit. If you need help, check out Questions, or you can to ask for help on your talk page, and a volunteer should respond shortly. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~).
Happy editing! I dream of horses @ | 906,251,974 | 2019-07-14T17:18:07 | 162.195.112.168 | 2,019 |
61,281,118 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.
Here are some links to pages you may find useful:
Contributing to Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
Simplified Manual of Style
You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply . It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you:
Create new pages and rename pages
Edit semi-protected pages
Upload images
Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed
Note that in order for the first three features to be available, you must have had an account for a certain number of days and made a certain number of edits.
If you edit without using a named account, your IP address (122.161.249.218) is used to identify you instead.
I hope that you, as a Wikipedian, decide to continue contributing to our project: an encyclopedia of human knowledge that anyone can edit. If you need help, check out Questions, or you can to ask for help on your talk page, and a volunteer should respond shortly. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~).
Happy editing! I dream of horses @ | 906,251,979 | 2019-07-14T17:18:13 | 122.161.249.218 | 2,019 |
61,281,120 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.
Here are some links to pages you may find useful:
Contributing to Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
Simplified Manual of Style
You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply . It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you:
Create new pages and rename pages
Edit semi-protected pages
Upload images
Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed
Note that in order for the first three features to be available, you must have had an account for a certain number of days and made a certain number of edits.
If you edit without using a named account, your IP address (174.21.188.165) is used to identify you instead.
I hope that you, as a Wikipedian, decide to continue contributing to our project: an encyclopedia of human knowledge that anyone can edit. If you need help, check out Questions, or you can to ask for help on your talk page, and a volunteer should respond shortly. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~).
Happy editing! I dream of horses @ | 906,252,022 | 2019-07-14T17:18:32 | 174.21.188.165 | 2,019 |
61,281,121 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.
Here are some links to pages you may find useful:
Contributing to Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
Simplified Manual of Style
You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply . It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you:
Create new pages and rename pages
Edit semi-protected pages
Upload images
Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed
Note that in order for the first three features to be available, you must have had an account for a certain number of days and made a certain number of edits.
If you edit without using a named account, your IP address (88.106.210.186) is used to identify you instead.
I hope that you, as a Wikipedian, decide to continue contributing to our project: an encyclopedia of human knowledge that anyone can edit. If you need help, check out Questions, or you can to ask for help on your talk page, and a volunteer should respond shortly. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~).
Happy editing! I dream of horses @ | 906,252,039 | 2019-07-14T17:18:41 | 88.106.210.186 | 2,019 |
61,281,122 | == July 2019 ==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Anthony McPartlin. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. ~~ OxonAlex - talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Anthony McPartlin, you may be blocked from editing. ~~ OxonAlex - talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Anthony McPartlin. ~~ OxonAlex - talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 906,252,298 | 2019-07-14T17:21:00 | 2A00:23C5:C23B:8800:B18F:7451:91D4:AD34 | 2,019 |
11,337,448 | Vardaan is a 1975 Hindi movie directed by Arun Bhatt. The film stars Vinod Mehra, Reena Roy, Mehmood, Om Prakash & Others.
==Plot==
After being thrown out of his house by his father, the smuggler Sunder is forced to live a simple life and in doing so manages to reform himself and become the good son that his father always dreamed of.
==Cast==
Vinod Mehra ... Mahesh Sharma
Reena Roy ... Lata
Mehmood ... Nandlal
Om Prakash ... Banwari Sharma
Urmila Bhatt ... Janki Sharma
Chandrashekhar ... Chaudhary Sahib
==Awards==
Filmfare Best Comedian Award for Mehmood
== External links ==
1975 films
Indian films
1970s Hindi-language films | 928,335,842 | 2019-11-28T11:43:38 | Vardaan | 2,019 |
61,281,123 | == July 2019 ==
Hello, I'm Geniac. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, Pakistani pop music, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Geniac (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 906,252,080 | 2019-07-14T17:19:07 | 39.62.21.219 | 2,019 |
50,069,659 | Jordi Cinca Mateos (born in Andorra la Vella, 26 July 1965) is an Andorran politician who was Minister of Finance between 2011 and 2019.
He was named in the 2016 Panama Papers leak.
==References==
1965 births
Living people
Government ministers of Andorra
People named in the Panama Papers
People from Andorra la Vella | 901,375,711 | 2019-06-11T13:23:00 | Jordi Cinca | 2,019 |
29,046,614 | == Comedies and Dramas ==
This is minor, but I'm bothered by the revert and I would like to seek a consensus on this. It is my opinion that while nominally sitcoms, Family Ties and The Wonder Years were more half-hour dramas. I find it odd that they are listed under Comedy while the other half-hour dramatic sitcom Doogie Hauser M.D. is listed under Drama. I believe that they should be listed under Drama as well. Further, I want to know in what world the Adam West Batman series is considered a Drama outside of the minds of 8 year olds? I believe it should be moved to Comedy. I've already done this once, but it was reverted by AdamDeanHall without explanation. If everybody agrees that it should be as it is now, I'll drop the matter, but otherwise, I believe my previous edits should stand. - Diesel Phantom (talk)
== Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? leaving The Hub ==
I checked the TV schedule on my AT&T U-verse website and there is no way the show Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? is leaving The Hub. I really think you should discuss this first before adding this report with a reliable source. AdamDeanHall (talk)
Justice League Unlimited coming to the HUB? Well I checked the page for Justice League Unlimited. It said it's coming to the HUB, I don't exactly think it will fit in (Although I loved it as a kid) because they have hints about adult themed jokes like when Hawkgirl said to Flash "I heard she's ......Brazillan,". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikigal120 (talk • contribs)
==Requested move==
The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
The result of the proposal was moved.
List of programs broadcast by The Hub → – Because The Hub transferred to Hub Network on June 1, 2013. AdamDeanHall (talk)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
==i think that the acticle should be merged with List of programs broadcast by Discovery Family==
the article will merged with the list of Discovery Family programs, because its the same channel and style. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.116.240.160 (talk) | 640,860,323 | 2015-01-03T22:33:15 | List of programs broadcast by Hub Network | 2,019 |
36,123,896 | == Welcome ==
{| width="100%" style="background:transparent"
{| width="100%" style="background-color:#F5FFFA"
|style="width: 50%; border:1px solid #084080; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"|
{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA"
| Hello, , and Welcome to Wikipedia!
Please remember to sign your name on talk pages by clicking or or by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your username and the date. Also, please do your best to always fill in the edit summary field. Below are some useful links to facilitate your involvement. Happy editing! Salma Vian (talk)
|}
{| width="100%" style="background-color:#F5FFFA"
|style="width: 50%; border:0; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"|
{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA;"
|-
! Getting started
|-
|style="color:#000"|
Introduction
The five pillars of Wikipedia
How to edit a page
Intuitive guide to Wikipedia
|-
! Finding your way around
|-
| style="color:#000"|
Table of contents
Department directory
|-
! Editing articles
|-
| style="color:#000"|
How to develop an article
Manual of Style
|-
|}
|style="width: 50%; border:0; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"|
{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA"
! Getting help
|-
|style="color:#000"|
Frequently asked questions
Cheatsheet
Where to ask a question
Help pages
New contributors' help page
Article Wizard – a Wizard to help you create articles
|-
! How you can help
|-
|style="color:#000"|
Contributing to Wikipedia
Community Portal
Join a WikiProject
Follow Wikipedia etiquette
Practice civility
|-
|}
|}
|}
|}
==In response to your feedback==
You have! Thank you for your feedback and thank you for your contributions! For more help on getting started, please look at Help desk and the help pages.
If you need help editing,
Check out the tutorial.
Wanting to create an article? Use the article wizard.
See the manual.
Cheers,Riley Huntley talk No talkback needed; I'll temporarily watch here.
Hi RH! I thought the Dancing Cat Records logo would be a visual enhancement for the Dancing Cat Records article and thought DCR should have no objections to the positive publicity, but I was unable, trying two different image sizes, to accomplish an in-focus upload and so decided to drop the project. Malama Pono, Ka'upena Kuahewa (talk)
 
==Orphaned non-free image File:"orange" Dancing Cat Records ==
Thanks for uploading "orange" Dancing Cat Records . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).
Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk)
==Orphaned non-free image File:"orange" Dancing Cat Records ==
Thanks for uploading "orange" Dancing Cat Records . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).
Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk)
==Orphaned non-free image File:Dancing Cat Records ==
Thanks for uploading Dancing Cat Records . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).
Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk)
== Welcome to Wikipedia ==
In case you are unaware, we're trying to put together a Hawaii edit-a-thon at the downtown library in Honolulu on Jan 24, 2014. If you live on O'ahu and are interested in participating, the coordinate page is Hawaii 2014.
==Disambiguation link notification for November 11==
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Freddie Tavares, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Bassman. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject.
It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk)
== ArbCom elections are now open! ==
Hi,
You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk)
==Disambiguation link notification for April 18==
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Bill Graham (promoter), you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Santana. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject.
It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk)
==Disambiguation link notification for October 3==
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Robert Crumb, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Mad. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject.
It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk)
== ArbCom Elections 2016: Voting now open! ==
== ArbCom 2017 election voter message ==
== July 2018 ==
Hello, I'm Doniago. I noticed that you made one or more changes to an article, Paul Whiteman, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so! If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. DonIago (talk)
== ArbCom 2018 election voter message == | 869,728,683 | 2018-11-20T01:07:33 | Kuahewa | 2,019 |
61,281,124 | Monuments and memorials by person
Julius Caesar | 906,252,317 | 2019-07-14T17:21:09 | Monuments and memorials to Julius Caesar | 2,019 |
31,686,749 | ==Copyrighted==
Hi! I've recently joined wikipedia to edit article on charities and ran across this article. After reading through a bit of it, it was obvious that the text was written as a newsletter or company website. I checked and it looks like a lot of the text comes from this newsletter published in 2002 meaning that it didn't come from Wikipedia. Is this a problem and what do you do when you find a copyright problem? | 429,025,238 | 2011-05-14T03:31:19 | Home-Start Worldwide | 2,019 |
61,281,125 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, DemonstrativeDialectic, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful:
Introduction and Getting started
Contributing to Wikipedia
The five pillars of Wikipedia
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
How to create your first article
Simplified Manual of Style
You may also want to complete the Wikipedia Adventure, an interactive tour that will help you learn the basics of editing Wikipedia. You can visit the Teahouse to ask questions or seek help.
Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome! I dream of horses @
== Invitation to WikiProject Socialism == | 908,141,508 | 2019-07-27T18:56:16 | DemonstrativeDialectic | 2,019 |
61,281,126 | == July 2019 ==
Hello. This is a message to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions, such as the edit you made to Edict of Nantes, did not appear constructive and has been reverted. Please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at our welcome page which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make test edits, please use the sandbox for that. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you may leave a message on my talk page. Thank you. Samf4u (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Thank you for your contributions to Dillon Francis, but we are trying to write an encyclopedia here, so please keep your edits factual and neutral. Our readers are looking for serious articles and will not find joke edits amusing. Remember that Wikipedia is a widely used reference tool, so we have to take what we do here seriously. If you'd like to experiment with editing, use the sandbox instead. Thank you. I dream of horses @ | 906,252,718 | 2019-07-14T17:24:41 | 2603:301B:D6C:0:3155:2B79:6189:458 | 2,019 |
61,281,128 | == July 2019 ==
Hello. This is a message to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions, such as the edit you made to Jean-Gabriel Pageau, did not appear constructive and has been reverted. Please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at our welcome page which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make test edits, please use the sandbox for that. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you may leave a message on my talk page. Thank you. Samf4u (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 906,252,140 | 2019-07-14T17:19:31 | 2607:F2C0:E4C2:233:B97F:AAAD:D875:3C63 | 2,019 |
33,805,846 | Patient management software (PMS) is referred to as software that is regulated as a medical device. It is software that is used to acquire medical information from a medical device to be used in the treatment or diagnosis of a patient. It can also be software that is an adjunct to a medical device and directly contributes to the treatment of the patient by performing analysis, or providing treatment or diagnosis functionality that replaces the decision and judgment of a physician.
==Clinical applications==
Medical devices are classified and these classifications became somewhat less restrictive in December, 2010. Regulations provide rules for classifying medical devices into four increasing risk levels – Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV. Patient management software is classified as either Class I or Class II. Software that is intended to be used to view images, or other real time data, as an adjunct to the monitoring device itself, for the purpose of aiding in treatment or diagnosis of a patient, would be Class I medical devices. Medical device software that is an adjunct to another medical device and is involved in data manipulation, data analysis, data editing, image generation, determination of measurements, identification of a region of interest in an image, or identification (by an alarm or alert) of results from a monitor that are outside of an established range, is a Class II medical device if it: (1) provides the only means and opportunity to capture or acquire data from a medical device for aiding directly in diagnosis or treatment of a patient; or (2) replaces a diagnostic or treatment decision made by a physician.
Computerized physician order entry, an example of PMS, highlights some of these safety concerns.
Other criticisms are aimed at the regulations in place. Some critics argue that regulations stifle innovation and that vendors will no longer have any incentive to create new products. Also, existing and future products will have to adhere to strict licensing procedures and this may affect the sustainability of these products.
Another concern is that the rules are disproportionately strict in comparison to the actual risk associated with a wide variety of eHealth systems and this may prevent companies from initiating the development of new products.
==Canada==
Regulation of patient management software applies to anyone importing, distributing or selling the software. Health Canada is responsible for regulating the sale, advertising and distribution of patient management software in Canada. Regulated software is classified based on risk increasing from Class I to Class II.
The type of license required depends on the classification of the software. An establishment license is required from a vendor or manufacturer of Class I PMS and a medical device license is required from a vendor or manufacturer of Class II PMS. ISO 13485 certification is required of manufacturers of Class II medical devices.
===History===
In August, 2009, Health Canada which is responsible for regulating the advertising, manufacturing and sale of medical devices in Canada issued a notice confirming that patient management software is a medical device and is subject to the Medical Devices Regulations and the Food and Drugs Act. The development of the regulation of patient management software as a medical device began three years earlier when a company called MedManager created a patient portal technology that was deemed a Class II medical device and subject to regulation by Health Canada. Developments had taken place thereafter, to indicate that medical device classification include patient management software. A notice was officially released by Health Canada in August, 2009 indicating that patient management software was indeed a medical device.
Therefore, organizations that import, sell or otherwise distribute Class I patient management software must have an establishment license and Class II patient management software must have a medical device licence. In order to obtain a medical device licence, manufacturers must hold a quality management system (QMS) certificate issued by an accredited registrar showing that the QMS is compliant with ISO 13485: 2003 Medical devices – Quality management systems – requirements for regulatory purposes. Organizations are also required to perform certain post-market responsibilities such as maintaining distribution and complaint handling records, mandatory problem reporting and recalls.
In December, 2010, a notice was released by Health Canada further clarifying the definition, classification and licensing requirements of software regulated as a medical device. For example, software used to transmit data from a medical device, or software that analyzes data from a medical device and makes diagnostic or treatment decisions normally made by a physician, would be considered software regulated as a medical device. A product that only stores and displays patient information is not a medical device. Examples of software that are not medical devices are middleware, EHR's including those that are custom built for use only within the organization, applications that perform administrative calculations and manipulations (such as determining time between appointments, or workflow management), the Wii Fit video game, personal BMI calculators and pedometer software used for fitness. The regulations apply to software that is distributed with or without compensation.
==Notes==
Health informatics
Regulation of medical devices
Medical software | 894,030,988 | 2019-04-25T04:50:24 | Patient management software | 2,019 |
43,830 | Year 178 (CLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Rufus (or, less frequently, year 931 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 178 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
== Events ==
=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
Bruttia Crispina marries Commodus and receive the title of Augusta.
Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus arrive at Carnuntum in Pannonia, and travel to the Danube to fight against the Marcomanni.
==== Asia ====
Last (7th) year of Xiping era and start of Guanghe era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
In India, the decline of the Kushan Empire begins. The Sassanides take over Central Asia.
==== Religion ====
The Montanist heresy is condemned for the first time.
== Births ==
Lü Meng, general of the Eastern Wu state in the Three Kingdoms period (d. 220)
== Deaths ==
S. Caecilia, martyr in Rome
Empress Song, Han dynasty empress
== References == | 904,358,263 | 2019-07-01T16:49:57 | 178 | 2,019 |
829,959 | Division No. 6 is a census division in Alberta, Canada. Surrounding the City of Calgary, the majority of the division comprises Alberta's Calgary Region, while the northern portion of the division is located within central Alberta. The division also forms the southern segment of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. Division No. 6 is the largest census division in Alberta according to population and also has the highest population density.
== Census subdivisions ==
The following census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) are located within Alberta's Division No. 6.
Cities
Towns
Villages
Municipal districts
First Nation reserves
== Demographics ==
In the 2011 Census, Division No. 6 had a population of 1,311,022 living in 500,103 of its 527,608 total dwellings, a 12.9% change from its 2006 population of 1,160,936. With a land area of , it had a population density of 103.7 people per square kilometre in 2011.
In 2006, Division No. 6 had a population of 1,160,936 living in 465,473 [a 13.7% increase from 2001. The census division has a land area of and a | 877,869,762 | 2019-01-11T12:12:27 | Division No. 6, Alberta | 2,019 |
31,686,750 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Artix Entertainment, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Artix Entertainment was changed by 86.166.217.32 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.854623 on 2011-05-05T18:08:17+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,617,818 | 2011-05-05T18:08:21 | 86.166.217.32 | 2,019 |
50,069,660 | == Would this fit? ==
This article seems to be a list of feeder pageants for major competitions, so I hesitate to add the Rose of Tralee pageant under Ireland. 2602:301:779A:FC0:1DB7:3D40:F292:503F (talk)
== Semi-protected edit request on 31 March 2019 ==
Add Miss International Pageants Inc. (2005–present) to the Minor Pageants list. Wikieditno3 (talk)
Note: close duplicate edit request. NiciVampireHeart
== Semi-protected edit request on 31 March 2019 ==
Add Miss International Pageants Inc. (2005–present) to the Minor International Pageants list. Wikieditno3 (talk)
Not done: no reliable sources provided. In addition, Miss International Pageants Inc. is a redlink, i.e. no article exists for that pageant. Only notable pageants are listed here. As a basic requirement, the pageant should have an existing wikipedia article. NiciVampireHeart | 896,880,749 | 2019-05-13T12:47:09 | List of beauty pageants | 2,019 |
36,123,898 | Welcome to Wikipedia. Because we have a policy against usernames that give the impression that the account represents a group, organization or website, I have blocked this account; please take a moment to create a new account with a username that represents only yourself as an individual. You should also read our conflict of interest guideline and be aware that promotional editing is not acceptable regardless of the username you choose. If your username doesn't represent a group, organization or website, you may appeal this username block by adding the text below this notice. Thank you. MBisanz talk | 497,341,006 | 2012-06-13T04:04:39 | Rutgers Executive MBA in Singapore | 2,019 |
31,686,751 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Spirituality, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Chester Markel (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
Please do not add or change content without verifying it by citing reliable sources, as you did to Spirituality. Before making any potentially controversial edits, it is recommended that you discuss them first on the article's talk page. Please review the guidelines at Citing sources and take this opportunity to add references to the article. Thank you. (talk) | 427,620,032 | 2011-05-05T18:23:59 | 115.186.48.84 | 2,019 |
13,060,501 | The shifting balance theory is a theory of evolution proposed in 1932 by Sewall Wright, suggesting that adaptive evolution may proceed most quickly when a population divides into subpopulations with restricted gene flow. The name of the theory is borrowed from Wright's metaphor of fitness landscapes (evolutionary landscapes), attempting to explain how a population may move across an adaptive valley to a higher adaptive peak. According to the theory, this movement occurs in three steps:
Genetic drift allows a locally adapted subpopulation to move across an adaptive valley to the base of a higher adaptive peak.
Natural selection will move the subpopulation up the higher peak.
This new superiorly adapted subpopulation may then expand its range and outcompete or interbreed with other subpopulations, causing the spread of new adaptations and movement of the global population toward the new fitness peak.
Although shifting balance theory has been influential in evolutionary biology, inspiring the theories of quantum evolution and punctuated equilibrium, little empirical evidence exists to support the shifting balance process as an important factor in evolution.
==References==
==Further reading==
Wade, M.J.; Goodnight, C.J. 1998. Perspective: the theories of Fisher and Wright in the context of metapopulations: when nature does many small experiments. Evolution 52(6): 1537-1553.
Wright, S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16:97-159.
Wright, S. 1932. The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Genetics: 356-366.
Wright, S.W. 1948. On the roles of directed and random changes in gene frequency in the genetics of populations. Evolution 2(4):279-294.
Wright, S.W. 1982. The shifting balance theory and macroevolution. Annual Review of Genetics 16: 1-19.
Evolutionary biology | 863,812,214 | 2018-10-13T06:37:52 | Shifting balance theory | 2,019 |
29,046,617 | W.M. "Joe" Atwell (August 25, 1919 – December 13, 1988) was a construction investor and builder who was the co-owner of the Montreal Alouettes from 1965–1967 and sole owner from 1967-1969.
Originally from Hamilton, Ontario, Atwell constructed and sold upscale homes in Highland Beach, Florida and Boca Raton, Florida. In 1965, he purchased 50% of Ted Workman's shares in the Alouettes and became the team's chairman. On November 13, 1967, Atwell became the sole owner of the Alouettes. Under Atwell's sole ownership, the Alouetes never won more than 3 games in a season and missed the playoffs each year. On December 9, 1969 it was announced that Ottawa attorney Sam Berger had purchased the club from Atwell for upwards of $1.2 million.
Atwell died of heart failure on December 13, 1988 at his home in Boca Raton.
==References==
1919 births
1988 deaths
Montreal Alouettes owners
Montreal Alouettes team presidents
Businesspeople from Ontario
Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario
Sportspeople from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Sportspeople from Boca Raton, Florida | 876,598,760 | 2019-01-03T08:23:18 | Joe Atwell | 2,019 |
50,069,663 | Rasmus Rasmussen (August 13, 1871 – October 5, 1962), also known as Regin í Líð and Rasmus á Háskúlanum, was a Faroese folk high school teacher, writer, and independence activist.
==Life==
Rasmussen was born in Miðvágur in 1871, the son of Johannes Rasmussen and Ata Haraldsdatter. Growing up was no different than it was for most children in the Faroes at the time, and he was engaged in odd jobs while not attending school. He studied under Jacob Jacobsen from Tórshavn, and he was a member of the first graduating class of the Faroese Teachers School (Føroya Læraraskúli), after having also spent an academic year at a folk high school in Denmark. Jacobsen's wife, Anna Kjelnæs, had also attended a folk high school in Denmark, and this is where Rasmussen first became familiar with the folk high school movement.
His urge to attend such a school was so strong that in 1892 he left the family farm, which he had allodial rights to, and started attending the crafts department at Vallekilde Folk High School. He remained there for two academic years, working as a carpenter in the summers. During the 1896/97 academic year he attended Askov Folk High School, where he made the acquaintance of his compatriot Símun av Skarði. In 1904, Rasmussen married Símun's sister, Anna Suffía av Skarði, and he remained Símun's close friend and coworker. Rasmussen also attended the State Teachers School (Statens Lærerhøjskole) in Copenhagen, where his main study area was science.
Rasmussen's wife, Anna Suffía, served as superintendent after Símun av Skarði and Rasmus Rasmussen founded the Faroese Folk High School (Føroya Fólkaháskúli) in Klaksvík in 1899. This is still the only Faroese folk high school, and it became the first school to teach in Faroese. The school was relocated to Tórshavn in 1909, and Rasmussen served as a teacher at the school until he retired in 1947. His teacher's position there was the source of his Faroese epithet Rasmus á Háskúlanum (literally, 'Rasmus at the high school').
Rasmussen died in Tórshavn.
==Politician==
Rasmussen was a clear proponent of Faroese independence and he served in the Løgting as a representative from Norðoyar from 1914 to 1928 as a member of the Home Rule Party (Sjálvstýrisflokkurin). He viewed work with the folk high school as part of the effort to cultivate the minds of Faroese young people, which was essential in working for Faroese autonomy. Rasmussen was also among the founders of the Faroese Fishing Union (Føroya Fiskimannafelag) together with Símun Pauli úr Konoy in 1911, was the union's first secretary, and served as its director until 1947.
==Author==
Rasmussen published the first Faroese novel, Babelstornið (The Tower of Babel), in 1909. In 1910, he published the first Faroese botany textbook.
==Bibliography==
1909: Bábelstornið (The Tower of Babel)
1910: Plantulæra (Botany)
1912: Glámlýsi (Dazzling Light)
1922–1923: Voluspá (Prophecy of the Seeress), translation
1928: Høvdingar hittast (Heroes Meet), play
1936: Føroya Flora (Faroese Flora)
1942: Tvær fornsøgur (Two Old Stories)
1943: Tvær skaldsøgur (Two Novels)
1945: Fornmálasagnir og fornmálaljóð (Legends and Poems in the Old Language)
1945: Hávamál (Sayings of the High One), translation
1946: Gróðrarnýtsla fyrr í tíðini (Cultivation in Old Times)
1949: Sær er siður á landi (Every Country Has its Own Customs), memoirs
1950: Føroysk Plantunøvn (Faroese Plant Names)
1951: Yvirlit yvir Føroya søgu (Overview of Faroese History)
1952: Gróður og gróðrarvánir (Growth and Growing Conditions)
2001: Rakul – og aðrar søgur (Rakul and Other Stories), also audiobook
==References==
==Further reading==
Brix, Kirsten. 2001. Dialog i Babelstårnet: analyse af Regin í Líðs prosaforfatterskab. Doktorgradsavhandling. Tórshavn: Fróðskaparsetur Føroya.
Brix, Kirsten. 2003. Regin í Líð und der Durchbruch – eine kurze Darstellung einiger Kapitel in der Prosadichtung von Regin í Líð. Tjaldur: Mitteilungsblatt des Deutsch-Färöischen Freundeskreises 30: 22–26.
Lenvig, Tummas. 1995. Fyrsta føroyska skaldsøgan Regin í Líð: Bábelstornið evni og hugsjónir hennara ritgerð. Klaksvík: Egið forlag.
Rasmus Rasmussen. 2002. Løgtingið 150 – Hátíðarrit 2: 350.
Members of the Løgting
People from Miðvágur
Faroese writers
1871 births
1962 deaths | 841,845,307 | 2018-05-18T13:02:07 | Rasmus Rasmussen (writer) | 2,019 |
36,123,900 | == Dana Air Flight 992 ==
Please do not insert of rubbish edits. Example: -- | 498,045,258 | 2012-06-17T16:47:01 | 166.197.72.51 | 2,019 |
31,686,752 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Please be aware of Wikipedia's policy that biographical information about living persons must not include unsupported or inaccurate statements. Whenever you add possibly controversial statements about a living person to an article or any other Wikipedia page, you must include proper sources. If you don't know how to cite a source, you may want to read Referencing for beginners for guidelines. Thank you. The Blade of the Northern Lights (話して下さい) | 427,617,836 | 2011-05-05T18:08:27 | Timberfalldown | 2,019 |
13,060,502 | Thanks for your additions to the Penallt article. -- Euchiasmus | 155,179,677 | 2007-09-02T09:03:18 | 86.31.21.147 | 2,019 |
29,046,618 | == October 2010 ==
This is the only warning you will receive regarding your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did to Hydraulic brake, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. LeadSongDog come howl! | 388,564,208 | 2010-10-03T23:30:54 | 64.222.205.98 | 2,019 |
50,069,665 | == April 2016 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Albert P. Brewer High School has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
For help, take a look at the introduction.
The following is the log entry regarding this message: Albert P. Brewer High School was changed by 75.137.131.158 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.894663 on 2016-04-07T03:26:32+00:00 .
Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 714,012,289 | 2016-04-07T03:26:35 | 75.137.131.158 | 2,019 |
33,805,850 | Timpa Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 479 along Timpa Creek Creek.
Timpa Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries. It is downstream of Chickadee Lake, Surprise Lake, Confusion Lake, and Low Pass Lake.
==References==
==See also==
List of lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains (Idaho)
Sawtooth National Forest
Sawtooth National Recreation Area
Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
Lakes of Idaho
Lakes of Elmore County, Idaho
Glacial lakes of the United States
Glacial lakes of the Sawtooth Wilderness | 859,534,307 | 2018-09-14T17:02:43 | Timpa Lake | 2,019 |
22,363,921 | Dick Tooth born 1929 is an Australian former rugby union footballer of the 1950s. He represented for the Wallabies in ten Test matches and nineteen total appearances and was Australian captain on two occasions. He resided at St Andrew's College while studying at Sydney University. His club rugby was played with the Sydney University Football Club and later with Randwick in the Shute Shield. He practised as an orthopaedic surgeon and was a sports medicine an international rugby union player who captained the Wallabies, Tooth had more than an academic interest in knee damage. Torn ligaments had put an end to the careers of many sports champions.}}
==Early life and education==
Richard Murray Tooth was born in Bombala and his family relocated to Newcastle when he was seven years of age. He attended Newcastle Boys' High School and represented the school in rugby league, swimming (member of the 1943 Farlow Cup winning team) and athletics (member of the 1943 winning teams, CHS Juvenile Shield, Kerr and Lintott Cups). An all-round schoolboy athlete, he swam in the summer with the Cooks Hill Surf Life Saving Club.
While studying science at the University of Sydney and domiciled at St Andrew's College, Tooth played inter-collegiate rugby and grade rugby for the University. In 1949 he switched to medicine and at the same time cemented a spot in Sydney's University's 2nd grade side. From there he was selected in an Australian Universities XV who met a New Zealand Universities side for a three match series in 1949.
==Representative career==
In 1950 he was a regular first grader at University, was coached by former Wallaby Joe Kraefft and played against a visiting British Isles side. In 1951 he was selected for New South Wales and made his debut for Australia with three Test appearances against the All Blacks at five-eighth marking the experienced All Black fly-half Laurie Haig.
He focussed on his studies for the next couple of years but in 1954 was back in the national side in a series of games against the visiting Fijians playing in one Test at fullback and another at centre. In 1955 he was selected in the Wallaby touring party to New Zealand captained by his University colleague John Solomon. He appeared in twelve of the thirteen tour games at either fullback or fly-half and had a sound tour.
In 1957 he captained the Wallabies on two occasion when the All Blacks toured Australia. It was a surprise when at the end of that season and as the current Australian captain, he was not selected in the 27 man Wallaby side to tour Britain, Ireland and France. Howell reports that his omission defied explanation given his positional versatility but Tooth took it in his stride and travelled himself to the United Kingdom at that time to continue his medical studies. While there he captained the Rosslyn Park club side in England, played for Middlesex and while a resident at a Belfast Hospital was selected in the invitational side the North of Ireland Wolfhounds.
==Orthopaedic Surgeon==
Tooth helped pioneer arthroscopic surgery in Australia. In 1971, he performed the first full knee reconstruction in Australia; his patient was Johnny Warren, captain of the Socceroos who went on to captain them to the 1974 World Cup.
==Family Life==
In 1956 he married Marianne, the elder daughter of the Consul-General for Sweden, Ivar Stenstrom. Their daughter, Liane Tooth, is a double Olympic gold medallist.
His nephew Tim Walsh was a first grade rugby player with Leeds Carnegie and made a number of representative appearances for Australia at Rugby Sevens.
==References==
==Sources==
Howell, Max (2005) Born to Lead – Wallaby Test Captains, Celebrity Books, Auckland NZ
1929 births
Living people
Australian rugby union players
Australia international rugby union players
Australian rugby union captains
People from Bombala, New South Wales
People from Newcastle, New South Wales
People educated at Newcastle Boys' High School | 919,312,058 | 2019-10-03T01:17:42 | Dick Tooth | 2,019 |
24,099 | Pope Clement II (Clemens II; born Suidger von Morsleben; died 9 October 1047), was Pope from 25 December 1046 until his death in 1047. He was the first in a series of reform-minded popes from Germany.
Suidger was the Bishop of Bamberg. In 1046, he accompanied Henry, King of Germany, when at the request of laity and clergy of Rome, Henry went to Italy and summoned the Council of Sutri, which deposed Popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III, and accepted the resignation of Gregory VI. Henry suggested Suidger for Pope, and he was then elected, taking the name of Clement II. Clement then proceeded with the coronation of Henry as Holy Roman Emperor.
Clement's brief tenure as pope saw the enactment of more stringent prohibitions against simony.
==Life==
Born in Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, he was the son of Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad. In 1040, he became Bishop of Bamberg.
In the autumn of 1046, there were three rival claimants to the papacy, in St. Peter's, the Lateran, and St. Mary Major's. Two of them, Benedict IX and Sylvester III, represented rival factions of the nobility. The third, Pope Gregory VI, in order to free the city from the House of Tusculum, and Benedict's scandalous lifestyle, had paid Benedict money in exchange for his resignation. Regardless the motives, the transaction bore the appearance of simony. Questions regarding the legitimacy of any of them could undermine the validity of a coronation of Henry as Holy Roman Emperor. King Henry crossed the Alps at the head of a large army and accompanied by a brilliant retinue of the secular and ecclesiastical princes of the empire, for the twofold purpose of receiving the imperial crown and of restoring order.
In 1046, Suidiger accompanied King Henry on his campaign to Italy and in December, participated in the Council of Sutri, which deposed former Popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III and persuaded Pope Gregory VI to resign. King Henry nominated Suidger for the papacy and the council elected him. Suidger insisted upon retaining the bishopric of his see, partly for needed financial support, and partly lest the turbulent Romans should before long send him back to Bamberg. Suidger took the name Clement II. Immediately after his election, King Henry and the new Pope travelled to Rome, where Clement was enthroned as pope. and then crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.
Clement's election was later criticized by the reform party within the papal curia due to the royal involvement and the fact that the new Pope was already bishop of another diocese. Contrary to later practice, Clement kept his old see, governing both Rome and Bamberg simultaneously.
Clement's first pontifical act was to crown Henry and the queen-consort, Agnes of Aquitaine. He bestowed on the Emperor the title and diadem of a Roman Patricius, a dignity which was commonly understood to give the bearer the right of indicating the person to be chosen pope.
Clement II's short pontificate, starting with the Roman synod of 1047, initiated an improvement in the state of affairs within the Roman Church, particularly by enacting decrees against simony. A dispute for precedence among the Sees of Ravenna, Milan, and Aquileia was settled in favour of Ravenna.
Clement accompanied the Emperor in a triumphal progress through southern Italy and placed Benevento under an interdict for refusing to open its gates to them. Proceeding with Henry to Germany, he canonized Wiborada, a nun of St. Gall, martyred by the Hungarians in 925. On his way back to Rome, he died near Pesaro on 9 October 1047. His corpse was transferred back to Bamberg, which he had loved dearly, and interred in the western choir of the Bamberg Cathedral. His is the only tomb of a Pope north of the Alps.
A toxicologic examination of his remains in the mid-20th century confirmed centuries-old rumors that the Pope had been poisoned with lead sugar. It is not clear, however, whether he was murdered or whether the lead sugar was used as medicine.
==See also==
List of popes
==References==
==Bibliography==
Dolley, M. (1969). "Some Neglected Evidence from Irish Chronicles Concerning the Alleged Poisoning of Pope Clement II," Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3, 1969, pp. 343–346.
Mann, Horace K. (1902). The lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages Volume V (London, K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & co.), pp. 270–285.
Timmel, R. (1982). "Bischof Suidger von Bamberg – Papst Clemens II., † 1047," Fränkische Lebensbilder 10, 1982, pp. 1–19.
Zimmermann, G. (1980). "Bischof Suidger von Bamberg – Papst Clemens II.," in: Sorge um den Menschen. Festschrift zum 25jährigen Bischofsjubiläum von Alterzbischof Joseph Schneider, (ed. H.G. Röhrig) Bamberg 1980, pp. 125–135.
==External links==
Laqua, Hans Peter (2000). "Clemente II" Enciclopedia dei papi (Treccani 2000).
1005 births
1047 deaths
People from Hornburg
German popes
11th-century German people
Popes
Roman Catholic bishops of Bamberg
11th-century archbishops
Burials at Bamberg Cathedral
11th-century popes | 838,082,659 | 2018-04-24T20:28:32 | Pope Clement II | 2,019 |
36,123,904 | == June 2012 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Orting High School, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Orting High School was changed by 184.157.252.19 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.934137 on 2012-06-13T04:05:37+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Orting High School with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Jim1138 (talk)
Please do not add unsourced or original content. Doing so violates Wikipedia's verifiability policy. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Jim1138 (talk)
This is your last warning. You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Orting High School. Jim1138 (talk)
You have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text , but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Materialscientist (talk) | 497,342,839 | 2012-06-13T04:20:24 | 184.157.252.19 | 2,019 |
50,069,666 | == April 2016 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Race and appearance of Jesus has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
For help, take a look at the introduction.
The following is the log entry regarding this message: Race and appearance of Jesus was changed by 47.210.130.143 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.921431 on 2016-04-07T03:26:32+00:00 .
Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Race and appearance of Jesus. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. – Gilliam (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you may be blocked from editing. 2601:1C0:4901:2191:99AA:D674:A7EA:CCA5 (talk)
You may be blocked from editing without further notice the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Race and appearance of Jesus. I dream of horses @
Anonymous users from this IP address have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by first reading the guide to appealing blocks, then adding the following text to the bottom of your talk page: . Yamaguchi先生 (talk)
If this is a shared IP address and you are an uninvolved editor with a registered account, you may continue to edit by logging in. | 714,155,342 | 2016-04-08T00:07:47 | 47.210.130.143 | 2,019 |
31,686,753 | == May 2011 ==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Chemical bond. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Chester Markel (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Chemical bond with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. Meph. | 427,618,304 | 2011-05-05T18:11:26 | 117.193.98.60 | 2,019 |
13,060,503 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was delete.
===Lab 5===
– (View AfD)(View log)
Very small article (basically a paragraph) about a non-notable and incredibly generic fictional location. Shouldn't need more than a simple mention in the main Fullmetal Alchemist article. Kariteh
Delete per nom
Delete per nom Czac
Delete, not notable in its own right.-h i s s p a c e r e s e a r c h
Delete not notable, not suitable name for redirect, article title is misleading, as any number of different lab 5s exist in the world. I was thinking this title would be about BSL-5 labs. 132.205.44.5
Delete - per nom, minor aspect of the series that does not need an article. Sephiroth BCR (Converse)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Anime and manga-related deletions. —Sephiroth BCR (Converse)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 156,376,132 | 2007-09-07T23:21:14 | Articles for deletion/Lab 5 | 2,019 |
11,337,450 | Holzlar
Is an enclosed settlement in Bonn's district Beuel, east of the Rhine and north of the Siebengebirge in Germany. Holzlar has a population of about 11.000 and consists out of the former villages Holzlar, Kohlkaul, Heidebergen, Roleber and Gielgen.
Today the borders of the villages are no longer visible.
== History and presence ==
The first documented mention of Holzlar was in 1394, where it was referred to as “Hultzelar”. Other documented names are Hultzlair, Holtzlar, Holtzlohr, Holzlahr, and Holtzlahr.
In 1757 the brown coal quarrying started for private use. About 50 years later the brothers Leopold and Abraham Bleibtreu bought properties in Holzlar-Kohlkaul und Holzlar Gielgen and began quarrying brown coal and alum.
1969 Holzlar became part of Bonn's district Beuel. Before 1969, Holzlar belonged to the Amt Menden.
Today there are mainly housing estates of higher standard in Roleber, Gielgen, Heidebergen and Holzlar. The north of Holzlar-Kohlkaul as well as other areas offer in addition subsidized housing.
==The watermill==
Holzlar offers a special gem. The watermill of Holzlar. With today’s knowledge the watermill is the only functioning historical watermill in the area of Bonn
The watermill is an early industrial cultural relic.
Not much information about its history exists. It is assumed that the mill already existed in companion with a Burghof, which was given to Wilhelm von Nesselrode in 1502 and was destroyed during the war in the 16th century. In the middle of the 19th century, the mill was bought by the family Reuter from the Earl von Nesselrode. The Reuter family was mentioned as the lessee of the mill in the beginning of the 19th century. The mill was closed in the 1950s. In 1989 the “Holzlarer Mühlenverein” was founded. The society bought the mill and restored it. Today the mill is one of Bonns monuments and has historic preservation.
==The old Protestant cemetery==
The cemetery is located between Hauptstraße and Hövelweg in Holzlar. It has a size of 330 square meters and about 50 graves and is a historic preservation, because it is one of the oldest Protestant cemetery in the Rhineland.
The cemetery was laid out by Family Linder as a private cemetery in the middle of the 17th century. The oldest gravestone has the inscription “M. Linder” and is from 1658. The cemetery is also called “Linders Garten” (garden of Linder). The street name close to the cemetery called Lindershausweg reminds of the family Linder.
In 1819 the cemetery was extended by Leopold Bleibtreu. Today there are 14 gravestones with the inscription “Bleibtreu”.
The cemetery was closed in 1968. It has preservation of sites of historic interest.
== Landscape and rare animals ==
The landscape of Holzlar in the South and East is dominated by forest, brooks, lakes and ponds. In the centre of Holzlar there is a nature reserve. The forest Ennert is mainly mixed forest with some very big oaks.
There are a lot of hiking trails, therefore the Ennert is a popular recreational area in the region of Bonn. There are a lot of springs in the Ennert. Some of them are not mapped. The names of the mapped ones are Alaunbach, Ankerbach, Pechsiefen, Holtorfer Bach, and Mühlenbach. Rare species like the fire salamander, the Coronella austriaca, the great spotted woodpecker and the Anguis fragilis live in the forest or in the brooks and ponds. The Ennert is a nature reserve. In the northwestern part of Holzlar there are no forests and lakes and the land is used for agriculture.
== External links ==
Bürgerverein Holzlar e. V.
Holzlarer Mühle
Privates Informationsangebot zu Holzlar
Bürgerverein Kohlkaul
Urban districts and boroughs of Bonn
Populated places on the Rhine | 819,755,818 | 2018-01-11T03:00:25 | Holzlar | 2,019 |
22,363,924 | 889,319,440 | 2019-03-24T23:02:48 | Dhammikarama Burmese Temple | 2,019 |
|
36,123,905 | Hoseynabad-e Qorbani (حسين ابادقرباني, also Romanized as Ḩoseynābād-e Qorbānī) is a village in Yanqaq Rural District in the Central District of Galikash County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 207, in 51 families.
== References ==
Populated places in Galikash County | 906,549,306 | 2019-07-16T15:39:35 | Hoseynabad-e Qorbani, Galikash | 2,019 |
50,069,667 | == April 2016 ==
Hello. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Gum arabic has been undone because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. – Gilliam (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Visible spectrum. Your edits continue to appear to constitute vandalism and have been automatically reverted.
If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place on your talk page and someone will drop by to help.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Visible spectrum was changed by 66.113.52.235 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.942819 on 2016-04-07T03:50:06+00:00 .
Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Visible spectrum with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. I dream of horses @ | 714,014,809 | 2016-04-07T03:50:48 | 66.113.52.235 | 2,019 |
33,805,865 | == November 2011 ==
This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. →Στc.
You have been blocked indefinitely from editing because your account is being used only for vandalism. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text , but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. - Vianello (Talk) | 461,520,339 | 2011-11-20T01:39:09 | VainAttempts | 2,019 |
31,686,756 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Greg Pope, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Greg Pope was changed by 81.102.163.238 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.917605 on 2011-05-05T18:09:02+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Blackburn with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Meph.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Greg Pope with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. My76Strat (talk)
This is your last warning. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did at Jo Brand, you will be blocked from editing without further edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: Jo Brand was changed by 81.102.163.238 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.894794 on 2011-05-06T00:23:19+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
You have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text , but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first.
== July 2011 ==
Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information, especially if controversial, to articles or any other page on Wikipedia about living persons, as you did to Greg Pope. Thank you. Pstanton (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings. | 437,491,435 | 2011-07-03T02:32:24 | 81.102.163.238 | 2,019 |
384,225 | The Sabine's gull (Xema sabini), also known as the fork-tailed gull or xeme, is a small gull. Its generic placement is disputed; some authors treat it as the sole species in the genus Xema as Xema sabini, while others retain it in the genus Larus as Larus sabini.
The Sabine's gull breeds in colonies on coasts and tundra, laying two or three spotted olive-brown eggs in a ground nest lined with grass. It is very pelagic outside the breeding season. It takes a wide variety of mainly animal food, and will eat any suitable small prey. It also steals eggs from nesting colonies of Arctic terns.
==Description==
The Sabine's gull is a small gull, in length and weighing . The wings are long, thin and pointed with a span of between . The bill, which is black with a yellow tip, is around long.
This species is easy to identify through its striking wing pattern. The adult has a pale grey back and wing coverts, black primary flight feathers and white secondaries. The white tail is forked. The male's hood darkens during breeding season. Young birds have a similar tricoloured wing pattern, but the grey is replaced by brown, and the tail has a black terminal band. Juveniles take two years to attain full adult plumage. Sabine's gulls have an unusual molt pattern for gulls. Fledged birds retain their juvenile plumage through the autumn and do not start molting into their first winter plumage until they have reached their wintering grounds. Adults have their complete molt in the spring prior to the spring migration, and have a partial molt in the autumn after returning to the wintering area, a reversal of the usual pattern for gulls. They have a very high-pitched and squeaking call.
==Taxonomy and evolution==
The Sabine's gull is usually treated as comprising a monotypic genus; it is only placed within the genus Larus when the genus is enlarged. The black bill and notched tail are almost unique within the gulls, as they are shared only with the swallow-tailed gull of the Galapagos. On the basis of this the two species were often thought to be each other's closest relatives, a hypothesis ruled out by a number of behaviour and ecological differences. Mitochondrial DNA studies confirmed that they are not closely related, and the closest relative of the Sabine's gull is now thought to be the ivory gull, another Arctic species. The two species are thought to have separated around 2 million years ago, longer ago than most groups of gull species.
Geographical variation is slight; birds from Alaska are slightly darker and perhaps bigger. Most authorities recognise no races, but a few recognise four based on size and mantle (back) colour. The Handbook of the Birds of the World recognises four subspecies. The nominate subspecies, X. s. sabini, breeds from the Canadian Arctic to Greenland. X. s. palaearctica (Stegman, 1934) breeds from Spitsbergen to the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia, and X. s. tschuktschorum (Portenko, 1939) breeds on the Chukotskiy Peninsula of Russia, and X. s. woznesenskii (Portenko, 1939) is found from the Gulf of Anadyr to Alaska.
The specific epithet and common name honour the Irish scientist Sir Edward Sabine, who sent a specimen to his brother Joseph Sabine; Joseph referred to it as Larus sabini in 1818. (The first accepted description was by Leach in 1819.) The Oxford English Dictionary gives the pronunciation , which is the pronunciation of the surname according to a history of the Sabine family. However, some authorities give . The genus name Xema appears to be an invented name without meaning.
==Distribution and habitat==
It breeds in the Arctic and has a circumpolar distribution through northernmost North America and Eurasia. It migrates south in autumn; most of the population winters at sea in the Pacific off western South America in the cold waters of the Humboldt Current, while Greenland and eastern Canadian birds cross the Atlantic by way of the westernmost fringes of Europe to winter off southwest Africa in the cold waters of the Benguela Current. Occasionally individual Sabine's gulls can be seen off other coasts such as the northeastern United States or further east in Europe, typically following autumn storms. It is recorded often enough inland in North America, Europe, and even Siberia, that it has been said to exhibit "cross-continental migration" in addition to migration at sea.
==Diet and feeding==
The diet and feeding technique of the Sabine's gull varies by season and habitat. In the breeding season it takes a range of freshwater and terrestrial prey on the tundra. This includes insects and probably spiders, aquatic insects and insect larvae, crustaceans, fish and young birds and eggs. Young birds and eggs are taken opportunistically and rarely, but can include black turnstones, lapland longspurs and even the eggs of other Sabine's gulls and geese. Insects and insect larvae taken include terrestrial and aquatic beetles, springtails, craneflies, mosquitos, midges, and (Syrphidae).
==References==
==External links==
Sabine's gull
Birds of the Arctic
Birds of Greenland
Birds of North Asia
Birds of Southern Africa
Sabine's gull
Taxa named by Joseph Sabine | 931,575,553 | 2019-12-19T19:13:18 | Sabine's gull | 2,019 |
61,281,129 | The 2019 SAFF U-15 Women's Championship was the 3rd edition of the SAFF U-15 Women's Championship, an international football competition for women's under-15 national teams organized by SAFF. The tournament was hosted by Thimpu, Bhutan from 9 October to 15 October 2019. Four teams from the region will take part.
==Squads==
Players born on or after 1 January 2004 are eligible to compete in the tournament. Each team have to register a squad of minimum 18 players and maximum 23 players, minimum three of whom had to be goalkeepers.
==Participating nations==
==Venue==
== Round robin ==
All the four teams will play each other in a round robin phase and the top two teams will play the final.
All matches will be played at Thimphu, Bhutan.
Times listed are 00.
==Final==
==Awards==
==Goalscorers==
==Broadcasting rights==
==References==
2019 in women's association football
2019 in Asian football
2019 in Bhutanese football
2019 in Asian sport
2019–20 in Nepalese football
2019–20 in Indian football
2019 in Bangladeshi football
2019 in Maldivian football
2019–20 in Pakistani football
2019–20 in Sri Lankan football | 928,338,779 | 2019-11-28T12:17:25 | 2019 SAFF U-15 Women's Championship | 2,019 |
33,805,868 | ==== 20 November 2011 ====
SCV for 2011-11-20
===== Copyright investigations (manual article tagging) =====
Shahdaei paradox ( · ) from and I am very concerned that there may be additional copyright violations in this article, but many of the sources are pay only. Monty845
To save us some time and ugliness here, I propose letting the AfD ride out to its inevitable conclusion. The creator doesn't seem interested in other articles.
Makes sense to me. Relisted.
Isadore Schwartz ( · ) from CCI. Sources copied include and Mkativerata (talk)
Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement.
Ana González (fashion designer) ( · ) from The talk page of the Spanish WP article mentions an OTRS ticket for a similarity with a page from , which is itself different from the hereabove mentioned page from . now claims here to have "the permision of Ana Locking to paste the bio of Ana Locking from her website". — Racconish Tk
OTRS Ticket received, article now licensed and compatible with CC-BY-SA.
Targeted killing ( · ) from CCI. Foundational. Recent history of the article shows random sampling picking up multiple copyright violations of cited sources, many of which are word-for-word. I don't think we have the resources to pick through this article line-by-line. There is very little substantive text in the article that isn't the work of the CCI subject. Mkativerata (talk)
Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. --Moonriddengirl (talk) | 464,082,347 | 2011-12-04T19:20:53 | Copyright problems/2011 November 20 | 2,019 |
31,686,757 | Coleophora hancola is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Japan.
The wingspan is about 12 mm.
The larvae feed on Alnus japonica. They create a grey-brownish, somewhat tubular leaf-case of about 5 mm in length with short dorsal keel. They mine into the leaf of their host plant until October, and passes winter in full-grown stage within the case fastened on the twig.
==References==
hancola
Moths described in 1965
Moths of Japan | 875,954,629 | 2018-12-30T04:31:45 | Coleophora hancola | 2,019 |
61,281,130 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, Jk2102, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful:
Introduction and Getting started
Contributing to Wikipedia
The five pillars of Wikipedia
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
How to create your first article
Simplified Manual of Style
You may also want to complete the Wikipedia Adventure, an interactive tour that will help you learn the basics of editing Wikipedia. You can visit the Teahouse to ask questions or seek help.
Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome! I dream of horses @ | 906,252,156 | 2019-07-14T17:19:37 | Jk2102 | 2,019 |
61,281,131 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay.
Here are some links to pages you may find useful:
Contributing to Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
Simplified Manual of Style
You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but if you wish to acquire additional privileges, you can simply . It's free, requires no personal information, and lets you:
Create new pages and rename pages
Edit semi-protected pages
Upload images
Have your own watchlist, which shows when articles you are interested in have changed
Note that in order for the first three features to be available, you must have had an account for a certain number of days and made a certain number of edits.
If you edit without using a named account, your IP address (86.134.28.70) is used to identify you instead.
I hope that you, as a Wikipedian, decide to continue contributing to our project: an encyclopedia of human knowledge that anyone can edit. If you need help, check out Questions, or you can to ask for help on your talk page, and a volunteer should respond shortly. We also have an intuitive guide on editing if you're interested. By the way, please make sure to sign and date your talk page comments with four tildes (~~~~).
Happy editing! I dream of horses @ | 906,252,162 | 2019-07-14T17:19:41 | 86.134.28.70 | 2,019 |
43,831 | Year 177 (CLXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Commodus and Plautius (or, less frequently, year 930 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 177 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
== Events ==
=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
Lucius Aurelius Commodus Caesar (age 15) and Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus become Roman Consuls.
Commodus is given the title Augustus and is made co-emperor with the same status as his father Marcus Aurelius.
Marcus Aurelius begins a systematic persecution of Christians at Rome, the followers take refuge in the catacombs.
Churches in southern Gaul are destroyed after a crowd accuses the local Christians of practicing cannibalism and incest.
Forty-seven Christians are martyred in Lyon (Saint Blandina and Pothinus, bishop of Lyon, are among them).
Second Marcomannic War: Marcus Aurelius and Commodus begin war against the Quadi and the Marcomanni.
==== Asia ====
Chinese troops suffer a crushing defeat against a confederacy of Central Asian tribes led by the Xianbei (see Wu Hu).
== Births ==
Cao Ang, first son of the Han dynasty warlord Cao Cao (approximate date) (d.197)
Sun Yu, Han dynasty general and cousin of the warlord Sun Quan (d. 215)
Wang Can, Han dynasty official, scholar and poet (d. 217)
Zhu Huan, general of the Eastern Wu state in the Three Kingdoms period (d. 238)
== Deaths ==
Saint Polycarpus (b. AD 69)
Saint Blandina (b. 162) and other martyrs in Lyon
== References == | 840,607,154 | 2018-05-10T23:15:39 | 177 | 2,019 |
13,060,504 | James Theophilus Grayman (born 11 October 1985) is a male er from Antigua and Barbuda. He was born and raised in Parham Town by his mother Evelyn Sheppard. He is the cousin of St. Peter's Youth Branch Chairperson Chaneil Jackson.
His personal best jump is 2.27 metres, achieved in July 2007 in Pergine Valsugana. This is the current Antiguan and Barbudan record.
==Personal bests==
Outdoor
High bump: 2.27 m NR – Pergine Valsugana, 7 July 2007
Indoor
High jump: 2.24 m – Ghent, 21 February 2010
==Achievements==
{|
|-
!colspan="6"|Representing
|-
|rowspan=3|2003
|CARIFTA Games (U20)
|Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
|5th
|1.98 m
|-
|Central American and Caribbean Championships
|St. George's, Grenada
|10th
|1.95 m
|-
|Pan American Junior Championships
|Bridgetown, Barbados
|8th
|2.05 m
|-
|2004
|Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U20)
|Coatzacoalcos, Mexico
|6th
|2.00 m
|-
|2005
|Central American and Caribbean Championships
|Nassau, Bahamas
|6th
|2.15 m
|-
|rowspan=3|2006
|Commonwealth Games
|Melbourne, Australia
|9th
|2.10 m
|-
|NACAC Under-23 Championships
|Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
|6th
|2.11 m
|-
|Central American and Caribbean Games
|Cartagena, Colombia
|4th
|2.13 m
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|Pan American Games
|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd
|2.24 m
|-
|World Championships
|Osaka, Japan
|38th (q)
|2.14 m
|-
|2008
|Olympic Games
|Beijing, China
|28th (q)
|2.20 m
|-
|rowspan=2|2009
|ALBA Games
|Havana, Cuba
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|2.10 m
|-
|Central American and Caribbean Championships
|Havana, Cuba
|bgcolor="gold" | 1st
|2.19 m
|-
|rowspan=2|2010
|Central American and Caribbean Games
|Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
|7th
|2.10 m
|-
|Commonwealth Games
|Delhi, India
|12th
|2.15 m
|-
|rowspan=2|2011
|Central American and Caribbean Championships
|Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
|bgcolor="silver" | 2nd
|2.25 m
|-
|Pan American Games
|Guadalajara, Mexico
|4th
|2.24 m
|}
==References==
==External links==
1985 births
Living people
Antigua and Barbuda male high jumpers
Commonwealth Games competitors for Antigua and Barbuda
Olympic athletes of Antigua and Barbuda
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2007 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Antigua and Barbuda
People from Saint Peter Parish, Antigua
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field) | 919,203,852 | 2019-10-02T11:48:06 | James Grayman | 2,019 |
36,123,908 | The 1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Rollins Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 16th season at Missouri.
The Tigers won the College World Series, defeating Rollins College 4-1 in the final.
==Season Recap==
===College World Series===
In the first round, Missouri defeated the Lafayette Leopards by a score of 6-3. Missouri was then knocked into the loser's bracket after a 1-4 second-round loss to Art Brophy and Rollins College. Behind lefthander Ed Cook, the Tigers then defeated the UMass Minutemen 8-1.
Missouri defeated Oklahoma A&M Aggies 7-3 in the behind a strong outing from starting pitcher Norm Stewart and home runs from Jerry Schoonmaker and George Gleason. Tied 3-3 with the Michigan State Spartans heading into the ninth inning, Emil Kammer singled home Buddy Cox to propel Missouri into the championship game for a re-match against Rollins College and Art Brophy.
Missouri bested Rollins 4-1 in the championship game behind a great outing from Ed Cook and a Buddy Cox home run.
With seven triples, Missouri tied Holy Cross's record for triples in a College World Series.
==Roster==
==Schedule==
|-
! style="" | Postseason
|-
|
|}
== Awards and honors ==
Jerry Schoonmaker
First Team All-American
All-District V
Led NCAA with six home runs
Emil Kammer
All-District V
Bob Musgrave
All-District V
==Team Photo==
==References==
Missouri Tigers baseball seasons
Missouri
College World Series seasons
NCAA Division I Baseball Championship seasons
Big Eight Conference baseball champion seasons
1954 NCAA championship seasons | 920,888,751 | 2019-10-12T14:33:47 | 1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team | 2,019 |
31,686,758 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. -- zzuuzz (talk) | 427,617,978 | 2011-05-05T18:09:11 | 159.191.195.42 | 2,019 |
384,231 | Venstre (left) is the name of two Scandinavian liberal political parties:
Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Norway) | 933,233,534 | 2019-12-30T18:47:38 | Venstre | 2,019 |
31,686,760 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to National Constituent Assembly, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: National Constituent Assembly was changed by 88.81.134.136 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.972906 on 2011-05-05T18:09:16+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,618,007 | 2011-05-05T18:09:21 | 88.81.134.136 | 2,019 |
33,805,870 | The Wandown Important Bird Area comprises a 48 km2 disjunct tract of remnant mallee habitat in northern Victoria, south-eastern Australia. It lies close to the junction of the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers, some 50 km south-east of the town of Robinvale and 75 km north-west of the city of Swan Hill.
==Description==
The Important Bird Area (IBA) consists of three separate properties: Wandown Flora and Fauna Reserve, Menzies Nature Conservation Reserve, and the Boundary Bend property owned and managed by Trust For Nature. The vegetation is dominated by mallee woodland and shrubland communities with patches of semiarid non-eucalypt woodland on calcareous dunes with loamy or sandy soils. The northernmost section of Boundary Bend is dominated by lignum and other non-mallee communities. The area has a warm, dry climate with mean maximum temperatures ranging from 33 °C in January to 15.7 °C in July, and mean annual rainfall of 320 mm.
==Flora and fauna==
Of the more than 200 species of plants recorded in the IBA, several are listed as threatened, including the yellow Swainson-pea. Mitchell's hopping mice and common brushtail possums are present.
===Birds===
The site has been identified as an IBA by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding population of malleefowl as well as foraging habitat for regent parrots. Other birds recorded in the IBA include striated grasswrens, shy heathwrens, black honeyeaters, flame robins, southern scrub-robins, chestnut quail-thrushes, chestnut-crowned babblers and black honeyeaters.
==References==
Important Bird Areas of Victoria (Australia)
Mallee (Victoria)
Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands | 916,568,755 | 2019-09-19T14:51:05 | Wandown Important Bird Area | 2,019 |
36,123,909 | Yanqaq (ينقاق, also Romanized as Yanqāq; also known as Banqāq) is a village in Yanqaq Rural District in the Central District of Galikash County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,600, in 1,013 families.
== References ==
Populated places in Galikash County | 771,432,550 | 2017-03-21T14:21:15 | Yanqaq | 2,019 |
22,363,933 | William "Billy" Stobie (1950 – 12 December 2001) was an Ulster Defence Association (UDA) quartermaster and RUC Special Branch informer who was involved in the shootings of student Brian Adam Lambert in 1987 and solicitor Pat Finucane in 1989.
His 1990 admissions, to journalist Neil Mulholland, provided new information which led, in February 1999, to British Irish Rights Watch submitting a confidential report to the British Government. This in turn would lead to the reopening of the Stevens Enquiry, which uncovered state/paramilitary collusion at a level "way beyond" what Sir John Stevens had originally reported.
==Early life==
Stobie was a native of loyalist west Belfast who joined the UDA for the first time around the time of its foundation in 1971. After a short spell he left and joined the British Army, serving outside Northern Ireland. Returning to Belfast when his spell in the army ended he rejoined the UDA and served the organisation as an armourer. Stobie had initially applied to join the Ulster Volunteer Force but was rejected by that organisation, which feared that he might be a government agent due to his time in the army, and instead rejoined the UDA, joining A Company of the UDA West Belfast Brigade in Highfield.
==Brian Adam Lambert==
On 8 November 1987, the IRA detonated a powerful bomb at the Enniskillen Remembrance Sunday ceremony killing eleven. There was no immediate direct reprisal, partially as a result of an appeal by Gordon Wilson, father of one of the victims. The exception to this was when Brian Adam Lambert was mistakenly targeted and shot the following day at a building site in Highfield, Belfast. He was a 19-year-old Protestant student with no criminal record or paramilitary links, but was assumed to have been a Catholic.
At the Stevens Enquiry ("Overview & Recommendations"), Stobie admitted supplying the guns for the attack and driving Stephen Harbinson in the getaway car. Both Stobie and Harbinson stated they were sickened by the mistake and for the first time Stobie realised that the UDA was unprofessional. Harbinson was also arrested; he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Following his release under the Good Friday Agreement he skipped bail on drug dealing charges in Northern Ireland. He was rearrested on the Costa Del Sol on separate charges of drug trafficking, kidnapping and arms possession. Once more he was given bail and disappeared.
==Discovery as an informer==
Stobie's informing did not go unnoticed and in May 1992 he narrowly avoided being killed by other members of the West Belfast Brigade who suspected he was a "tout". At the time Stobie was operating the switchboard at Circle Taxis on the Shankill when their offices were raided by the police and the owners questioned about a taxi that had been ordered to the Glencairn estate. This car had been hijacked whilst on that call by the UVF and used in an abortive operation by the group. West Belfast brigadier Johnny Adair was told by a friend that Stobie had told the police about the incident and it was decided that he would be shot as an informer.
On the evening of 21 May 1992, Stobie was called to the house of Jackie Thompson on Snugville Street where a party was being held, with Adair and fellow UDA members Donald Hodgen, Tommy Potts and others in attendance. Stobie did not attend so Thompson and Hodgen drove up to his house and dragged him out. They took him to an alleyway where Adair was waiting and after a struggle a fleeing Stobie was shot five times in the back and legs. However he survived the attack despite his injuries.
==Pat Finucane==
According to Henry McDonald and Jim Cusack, Stobie provided the gun used to kill Pat Finucane and they further claimed that once he gave the weapon to the hit team he called the RUC to let them know that a killing was about to take place. In April 1999, as part of the Stevens Enquiry, Stobie was arrested and charged with Finucane's murder. In June that year, as agreed, journalist Ed Moloney published Stobie's version of the circumstances of Finucane's death. The charges were later commuted to aiding and abetting the murder. Stobie's trial eventually collapsed because of the failure of Neil Mulholland, by now Northern Ireland Office Press Officer, to take the witness stand.
==Stevens 3==
Stobie was rearrested and charged with murder as a result of Stevens 3. At his trial the chief witness, Neil Mullholland, refused to take the witness stand and Stobie was released. In his overview and recommendations John Stevens stated:
I have uncovered enough evidence to lead me to believe that the murders of Patrick Finucane and Brian Adam Lambert could have been prevented.
==Death==
In 2001, Stobie let it be known that he would be willing to testify at an inquiry into Finucane's killing, stating that he would not name loyalists but would name their RUC "handlers". By declaring that he supported the Finucane family's demand for a public inquiry he effectively made himself a target for his former UDA comrades. On 12 December 2001, Stobie was shot dead outside his home at Forthriver Road, Glencairn, Belfast. The Red Hand Defenders (RHD) claimed responsibility. Stobie's killers, who shot him five times, had actually belonged to the UDA and were using the Red Hand Defenders cover name. In a statement made by a masked paramilitary after the killing it was claimed: "Billy Stobie could have stayed on the Shankill and been left alone had he not spoken out on Ulster Television and backed the public inquiry . He betrayed his comrades by doing that and for that reason he paid for his treason".
==References==
1950 births
2001 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
Loyalists imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict
Protestants from Northern Ireland
People from Belfast
People killed by loyalist paramilitaries
Ulster Defence Association members | 911,014,087 | 2019-08-16T00:59:55 | William Stobie | 2,019 |
11,337,462 | is a professional baseball player from Ōita City, Japan. He is part of the starting rotation for the Hanshin Tigers baseball team.
==Career==
In 2006, Ando pitched his first Shutout game against Yokohama BayStars.
Ando joined the Japanese Olympic baseball team for the 2004 Summer Olympics, and won a bronze medal. Ando went 7-4 in college, battling shoulder problems. He went on to Toyota Motors in the industrial leagues and peaked at 93 mph there, drawing the interest of various scouts. In the 2001 Baseball World Cup, he went 2-0 with a 2.45 ERA, allowing 5 hits and fanning 14 in 11 innings.
==References==
==External links==
1977 births
Living people
People from Ōita (city)
Sportspeople from Ōita Prefecture
Hosei University alumni
Japanese baseball players
Hanshin Tigers players
Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic baseball players of Japan
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in baseball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Japanese baseball coaches
Nippon Professional Baseball coaches | 930,845,229 | 2019-12-15T09:31:42 | Yuya Ando | 2,019 |
31,686,763 | Could somebody finish up that first sentence? --64.90.224.40 (talk) | 898,371,734 | 2019-05-23T03:56:28 | Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc. | 2,019 |
13,060,507 | The Backyard is a 1920 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy.
==Cast==
Jimmy Aubrey as Almost a cop
Oliver Hardy as The ruffian (as Babe Hardy)
Jack Ackroyd as A millionaire
Kathleen Myers as His daughter
Evelyn Nelson as His daughter
==See also==
List of American films of 1920
Oliver Hardy filmography
==External links==
1920 films
American films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
1920s comedy films
Films directed by Jess Robbins
1920 short films
American comedy films
Comedy short films | 906,064,980 | 2019-07-13T11:21:50 | The Backyard (1920 film) | 2,019 |
31,686,765 | == May 2011 ==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Pica (disorder). Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Fyrefly (talk) | 427,618,111 | 2011-05-05T18:09:57 | 99.110.245.237 | 2,019 |
33,805,873 | 906,738,938 | 2019-07-17T22:01:43 | Washington Summit (1987) | 2,019 |
|
61,281,132 | == Academia and education ==
Harjot Oberoi - Professor of Asian Studies at the University of British Columbia
Sandeep Singh Brar - Sikh historian, Internet pioneer and photographer
Sheena Iyengar - Professor of Business in the Management Department at Columbia Business School
== Business and the professions ==
Baljit Singh Chadha - Businessman, president and founder of Balcorp Limited
Harbanse Singh Doman - Chairman of Doman Industries
Jaspal Atwal - Real estate construction, media businesses
Manjit Minhas - Entrepreneur, television personality and venture capitalist
Spoony Singh - Businessman and entrepreneur known for his personality and establishing the Hollywood Wax Museum
Vikas Khanna - Chef, restaurateur, cookbook writer, filmmaker and humanitarian
== Charity, community and non-profit ==
Harmeet Singh Sooden - Canadian-New Zealand anti-war activist who volunteered for the international NGO Christian Peacemaker Teams in Iraq
== Film, drama and entertainment ==
Jus Reign - comedian and youtube personality
Kanwer Singh - Sikh Canadian YouTube personality
Neeru Bajwa - Actress, director and producer associated with Punjabi cinema
Rupan Bal - YouTuber, actor, director and comedian
Sunny Leone - Actress and model
== Journalism, writers and media ==
Gurjinder Basran - Novelist
Lilly Singh - YouTuber, comedian, television host and actress
Monita Rajpal - CNN International news anchor
Monika Deol - Entertainment reporter for Citytv in Toronto
Ranj Dhaliwal - Author
Rupi Kaur - poet, writer, illustrator, and performer
Tara Singh Hayer - Indo-Canadian newspaper publisher
== Music ==
Harbhajan Mann - Punjabi singer, actor and film producer
Jazzy B - Bhangra singer-songwriter.
Rup Magon - Singer, songwriter, producer, actor and author
Sarbjit Cheema - actor and singer
== Politics ==
Amarjeet Sohi - Minister of Natural Resources
Anju Dhillon - First person of South Asian descent to be elected from the province of Quebec.
Baljit Singh Gosal - Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for the electoral district of Bramalea—Gore—Malton
Bardish Chagger - Member of Parliament for the riding of Waterloo
Colin Basran - Mayor of Kelowna, British Columbia
Darshan Kang - Member of the Canadian Parliament for Calgary Skyview
Gulzar Singh Cheema - Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly for Surrey-Panorama Ridge
Gurbax Singh Malhi - Member of the Canadian Parliament for Bramalea - Gore - Malton
Gurmant Grewal - Member of the Canadian Parliament for Newton - North Delta
Gurratan Singh - Member of the Ontario Provincial Parliament for Brampton East
Hardial Bains - Founder of the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist - Leninist)
Harjit Sajjan - 42nd Minister of National Defence
Harry Bains - Minister of Labour in British Columbia
Harinder Takhar - Former politician in Ontario, Canada
Herb Dhaliwal - Politician and businessman
Jagmeet Singh - Leader of the New Democratic Party
Jasbir Singh Cheema - Canadian television personality and politician.
Johnder Basran - First Indo-Canadian elected to mayoral office in Canada
Kuldip Kular - Former MPP in Ontario, Canada
Manmeet Bhullar - Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta
Moe Sihota - President of the British Columbia New Democratic Party
Navdeep Bains - Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development
Nina Grewal - Conservative Party representing the constituency of Fleetwood - Port Kells
Parm Gill - Conservative Party, representing the riding of Brampton - Springdale
Prabmeet Sarkaria - 1st Associate Minister of Small Business and Red Tape Reduction
Raminder Gill - Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Randeep Sarai - Member of the Canadian Parliament for Surrey Centre
Ravi Kahlon - Parliamentary Secretary for Sport and Multiculturalism of British Columbia
Ruby Dhalla - First Sikh women to serve in the House of Commons of Canada.
Sabi Marwah - Member of the Canadian Senate
Sara Singh - Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party
Sindi Hawkins - Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly for Kelowna-Mission
Sukh Dhaliwal - Businessman and politician
Tim Uppal - Minister for Democratic Reform
Ujjal Dosanjh - 33rd Premier of British Columbia
Vic Dhillon - Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Wally Oppal - Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly for Vancouver-Fraserview
== Revolutionaries ==
Buckam Singh - Sikh soldier in World War I and early Sikh pioneer to Ontario.
Mewa Singh Lopoke - Member of the Vancouver branch of the anti-British, revolutionary Ghadar Party
== Sports ==
Andrew Kooner - Boxer
Arjan Bhullar - Mixed martial artist currently signed to ONE Championship
Jimmy Hansra - Cricketer
Jinder Mahal - Professional wrestler currently signed to WWE
Jujhar Khaira - Professional ice hockey
Nuvraj Singh Bassi - Former defensive tackle in the Canadian Football League
Sim Bhullar - professional basketball player for Guangxi Rhino
== Cause célèbres ==
Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu - Beautician
T. Sher Singh - Former lawyer
== See also ==
Sikhism in Canada
Sikhism in Greater Vancouver
== References == | 920,770,607 | 2019-10-11T19:04:27 | List of Canadian Sikhs | 2,019 |
36,123,912 | == Welcome! ==
==Welcome!==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages you might like to see:
The five pillars of Wikipedia
Help pages
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
How to create your first article (using the Article Wizard if you wish)
Manual of Style
You are welcome to continue editing without logging in, but many editors recommend that you . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits such as the ability to create articles. For a full outline and explanation of the benefits that come with creating an account, please see this page. If you edit without a username, your IP address (68.50.231.119) is used to identify you instead.
In any case, I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your comments on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place before the question on this page. Again, welcome!
== June 2012 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page Alpha Shade has been edit here to Alpha Shade was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove links which are discouraged per our external links guideline. The external link(s) you added or changed ( is/are on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other, constructive, changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! --XLinkBot (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, please ignore this notice. | 497,341,309 | 2012-06-13T04:07:34 | 68.50.231.119 | 2,019 |
11,337,473 | == Worldview within article ==
This article is really sparse. I think the most important part would be a comparison of the situation in different countries.
And some pictures. The german version would be a good template. Altought it is not perfect too.
Am I the only who thinks that this whole story with "cameras identifying the age of the person standing before the machine by comparing it to a database of other persons" is well... a load a crock, to put it mildly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.76.138.135 (talk)
Actually, in Virginia (USA), there are automated systems to identify (among other things, like if they person is drunk or not) people who wish to purchase ethanol-based beverages at certain places with those systems installed. But, I would also like to see this article expanded. Especially adding a section about the United States of America, since I've walked by many of these machines before the mid-1990s.
== Ban? ==
There are moves to try and get these banned in the UK:
ShakespeareFan00
There used to be cigarette machines on the pavements in the UK. I can't remember when these were got rid of. It's the sort of thing this article should cover Vince Calegon Vince Calegon
== Someone needs a geography lesson ==
Under the section entitled "Bans and Restrictions in EUROPE"(emphasis mine), Australia is listed. The last time I checked, Australia wasn't in Europe. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.141.154.75 (talk)
== France ==
Simply stating 'banned' here may lead the reader to assume that this may be due to some anti-smoking legilsation. There never were any cigarette machines in France; sales of cigarettes are strictly limited to special 'Bar Tabacs' - bars/cafés holding a special government tobacco vending licence. Cigarettes are not sold anywhere else. Kudpung กุดผึ้ง (talk)
== External links modified ==
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on Cigarette machine. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
Added archive to
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) | 794,398,623 | 2017-08-07T19:52:02 | Cigarette machine | 2,019 |
29,046,620 | Armed conflicts and attacks
3 people killed in Pibor county of Jonglei state of Sudan. (Sudan Tribune)
Afghanistan and Pakistan
Jewish settlers in the West Bank set fire to the Muslim Al-Anbiaa mosque in Beit Fajjar area near the Palestinian city of Bethlehem. Its rug ground and some parts of the Qur'an are burnt and anti-Islamic and anti-Palestinian slogans are written. (Xinhua) (Al Jazeera) (BBC)
War in Iraq
5 Tajik policemen are killed in a clash in East Tajikistan. (Xinhua)
4 people, including two Central Reserve Police Force men, are killed and 2 others are injured in an evening landmine blast in the remote parts of South Gadchiroli. The attack is carried out by Maoists. (DNA) (ZEE)
Arts and culture
TVNZ Breakfast race row: Video
The world's oldest known , estimated to be 49,000 years old, is uncovered near Kokoda, Papua New Guinea. (Radio Australia)
Jonathan Evans, head of Britain's MI5, gives a rare interview, disclosing details of his love for classics and calling for wider availability of Latin and Greek in schools as, he claims, they are useful for spies. (The Daily Telegraph)
British comic actor and songwriter Sir Norman Wisdom dies in an Isle of Man nursing home. (BBC)(The Guardian)
The industrial dispute surrounding The Hobbit film project is mediated by New Zealand's Economic Development Minister Gerry Brownlee and Arts and Culture Minister Chris Finlayson. (The New Zealand Herald) (BBC)
Hundreds of people attend the public funeral of actor Tony Curtis who died last week. (BBC)
Business and economy
2001 Nobel laureate economist Joseph Stiglitz warns of a "wave of austerity" set to sweep across Europe, triggering a new recession and the demise of the euro, and predicts Spain will enter a "death spiral" - similar to that of Argentina a decade ago - when it is attacked by speculators. (AFP via The Age)
The Greek government announces additional harsher austerity measures in its 2011 draft budget. (BBC)
Visa and MasterCard agreed to settle an antitrust lawsuit brought by the U.S. Department of Justice and the attorneys-general of seven states. They agreed to allow their participating merchants to steer customers toward lower-cost options. American Express will fight rather than agree to the terms, it said. (NPR)
Disasters and accidents
Indonesian Coordinating Minister for Public Welfare Affairs Agung Laksono said here on Tuesday that the massive flood in Wasior, West Papua that continuously occurred from Sunday to Monday has claimed 56 lives. (Xinhua)
3 people were killed and 5 were injured after a boiler exploded in a tannery in Hatay in the Dericiler area of Güzelburç town. The injured were taken to Mustafa Kemal University’s faculty of medicine hospital. (Today's Zaman)
Two persons were killed when a mini-lorry was hit by the Netravati Express, they were travelling at an unmanned level crossing at Panachuvadu near Punnapra, India. (The Hindu)
At least 26 are killed and many more left missing after flash floods in eastern Indonesia's Papua province. (Deccan Chronicle via AP) (Jakarta News)
International relations
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan met in Brussels, on the sidelines of the Asia–Europe Meeting. (CNN)
The 2010 Asia–Europe Meeting commences in Brussels, Belgium with Russia, Australia and New Zealand joining the discussions. (Xinhua)
China's State Councilor Dai Bingguo delivers a speech at the opening session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Tianjin before the U.N. climate summit in Mexico at year's end. (China Daily via Xinhua) (Al Jazeera)
An angry stand-off results from a row over the ongoing presence of dozens of United States military bases on the Japanese island of Okinawa, all of which remain through intense U.S. pressure despite protests from tens of thousands of residents. (BBC)
Federal Minister of the Interior Thomas de Maizière tells a news conference in Berlin that there is no concrete evidence of an imminent attack and "no reason to be alarmist at this time"; the Japanese government alerts its citizens to watch out for any attacks in Europe. The United States and UK have both done so in recent times. (BBC)
Israel decides to deport 1976 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Maguire, whom it has kept locked up in a detention facility since last Tuesday when she arrived to attend a conference with 5 other Nobel peace laureates. An Israeli court orders her to keep "her propaganda to herself". Israel claims it has banned her from entering its land but she says she is unaware of such a ban. (The Irish Times) (BBC) (Haaretz)
Law and crime
Dutch MP Geert Wilders is put on trial in Amsterdam on charges of inciting hatred against Muslims in his 17-minute film Fitna. Anti-Wilders protests occur outside court. (BBC) (Al Jazeera) (AFP via iAfrica)
Syria issues arrest warrants for more than 30 people accused of misleading an investigation into the 2005 assassination of Lebanon's former prime minister Rafic Hariri. (Al Jazeera)
Former Prime Minister of Fiji Mahendra Chaudhry is released on bail. (Indian Express) (BBC)
A court in Thailand rejects a request to drop charges against Viktor Bout, whom the United States suspects of attempting to sell weapons to its opponents. He was arrested by undercover United States agents in 2008 at a Bangkok hotel. (BBC) (Xinhua)
A vigil is held by Rutgers University in the United States for Tyler Clementi, who committed suicide after a roommate and another student secretly streamed online a private sexual encounter he had with a man. (AP via The Age)
A gunman in Gainesville, Florida shoots six people, killing his father before committing suicide. (Gainesville Sun)
Tens of thousands of people protest about tree-felling in Stuttgart and are confronted by police wielding water cannon and pepper spray. (BBC)
Politics
Brazilian elections:
A Japanese judicial panel calls for charges against top Democratic Party (DPJ) figure Ichirō Ozawa. (BBC) (Bangkok Post)
Lima receives its first female mayor in Susana Villarán. (BBC)
The Cuban government considers another large-scale round of political prisoner releases after the release of 52 in July. (BBC)
Science
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine:
The first Census of Marine Life (CoML), a 10-year major international project described as the most comprehensive study of its kind, is completed, sparking celebration among scientists. (BBC), (AFP via Google News)
Sport
2010 U.S. Open champion Graeme McDowell of Northern Ireland defeats Hunter Mahan of the United States in the final match to win the 2010 Ryder Cup for Europe by 14½-13½. (BBC Sport) (RTÉ Sport) (The Irish Times) (Sky News)
Football:
*The corpse of David Le Cluse, the chairman of Croydon Athletic football club, is located with a bullet wound to the head. The team's owner was recently arrested in connection with the recent Pakistan cricket spot-fixing scandal. (BBC News) (Sky News) | 910,636,242 | 2019-08-13T12:22:25 | Current events/2010 October 4 | 2,019 |
End of preview. Expand
in Dataset Viewer.
Dataset Card for Dataset Name
This is a Wikipedia dataset correct to "31-12-2019".
Dataset Details
Dataset Description
WikiMedia routinely publishes dumps of Wikipedia, each containing the revision history of articles. We first defined the relevant revision before extracting the article information. Specifically, we select the most recent revision as of December 31st for each year. Consequently, some revisions in our datasets date back several years from the target date since these pages haven't been edited. While this inclusion of older revisions might initially appear problematic, it is important to note that these are the existing versions of Wikipedia pages as of the cutoff date. The content of these pages was considered current enough at that time. This approach ensures that our training datasets reflect the most up-to-date information available on Wikipedia at each year's end, providing a realistic snapshot of knowledge for that specific point in time.
Once each revision has been identified we clean the page using the code from \textit{wiki-dump-reader} \footnote{https://github.com/CyberZHG/wiki-dump-reader/tree/master}, which parses the page and outputs clean text. During the cleaning phase a number of unwanted features and attributes are removed: file links, emphasises, comments, indents, HTML, references etc.
- Language(s): English
- License: cc-by-sa-3.0
Uses
Diachronic studies of Wikipedia, historical LLM pre-training, and any task that requires strict temporal partitioning of data.
Dataset Structure
The dataset is saved in a format that is suitable for fast loading of large files and is compatible with the Huggingface datasets framework.
Bias, Risks, and Limitations
This dataset does include all Wikipedia articles, some of which might not be useful to the end user. Filtering of relevant articles may be necessary for downstream tasks.
Dataset Card Contact
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Graphcore, and their team, for their support in providing us with compute for this project. The first author was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK via the Grand Union DTP. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T023333/1). We are also grateful to the Oxford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance and the Oxford e-Research Centre for their support.
Citation
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{drinkall-tima-2024, title = "Time Machine GPT", author = "Drinkall, Felix and Zohren, Stefan and Pierrehumbert, Janet", booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024", month = june, year = "2024", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics" }
- Downloads last month
- 144