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pii-cord19

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Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The use of psychotropic medication in children is increasing worldwide. Children with developmental disabilities seem to be prescribed these medications at a higher rate compared to their non-disabled peers. Little is known about prescribing in non-Western, middle-income studies. In Iran, the file records of 1133 children, aged 2 to 17 years, assessed as having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or an intellectual disability (ID) in Tehran City and Province from 2005 to 2019 were collated, and information from parental reports of medications was extracted. Upwards of 80% of children with ASD and 56% of those with ID were prescribed a psychotropic medication with around one quarter in each group taking two or more medications. The rates were higher among male children showing difficult-to-manage behaviors such as hyperactivity, but less so for children of fathers with higher levels of education. The lack of alternative management strategies may be a significant driver for the use of psychotropic medications in Iran and other Low and Middle Income countries, despite their known side effects, and their failure to address the developmental needs of the children. Rather, multi-disciplinary, behavioral, therapeutic, and educational interventions are required, but these are not available widely in Iran, although a start has been made.	The Use of Psychotropic Medication in Iranian Children with Developmental Disabilities	The Use of Psychotropic Medication in Iranian Children with Developmental Disabilities
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Data from both New York and London report a high prevalence of the asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant patients admitted for delivery, raising questions on the possible correlated dangers (ie, contacts with healthcare workers; the possible creation of an intrahospital outbreak at birth; and conflicting evidence on vertical transmission). For this study, results from SARS-CoV-2 screening via nasopharyngeal swab from maternity wards of the four hospitals of Genoa, Italy, were collected during a month of complete lockdown from 1 April to 30 April 2020. Out of 333 tested women, only 9 were symptomatic. Only one symptomatic patient (0.3%) and six asymptomatic ones (1.8%) tested positive. Out of the six positive asymptomatic patients, five were from the most disadvantaged neighborhood of the city (assessed by postal code). In conclusion, even if Italy was badly affected by coronavirus disease 2019 in the studied month, the reported prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in asymptomatic pregnant patients at term was lower than the ones reported in the literature.	Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnant patients in an Italian city during the complete lockdown	Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnant patients in an Italian city during the complete lockdown
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to analyze the serum melatonin levels and changes in sleep patterns in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters of children with the diagnosis of COVID-19 who had mild and moderate disease (i.e., COVID-19 group) were compared with those of children admitted with non-COVID-19 non-specific upper respiratory tract infection (i.e., control group). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire was applied to the participants' primary caregivers to analyze their sleep patterns at present and six months before symptom onset and to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep patterns. RESULTS: The entire study cohort consisted of 106 patients. The COVID-19 group included 80 patients, while the control group consisted of 26 patients. The mean serum melatonin levels were 136.72 pg/mL and 172.63 pg/mL in the COVID-19 and control groups, respectively (p=0.16). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of 6 subcategories of the SDSC questionnaire regarding the present time and six months before symptom onset. The total SDSC scores were also similar in two different evaluation time points described above (p=0.99). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that COVID-19 did not impact the sleep parameters of children. Serum melatonin levels of all patients were higher than the reference range; however, they were higher in the non-COVID-19 patient group than the COVID-19 group. Since serum melatonin levels were higher than the reference values in children with COVID-19, and this disease is significantly less morbid in children, melatonin may have protective effects against COVID-19.	Impact of COVID-19 on serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters in children	Impact of COVID-19 on serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters in children
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	We conducted preclinical studies in mice using a yeast-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD219-N1C1 subunit vaccine candidate formulated with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG deoxynucleotides. This vaccine formulation is similar to one that entered advanced phase 3 clinical development in India. We compared the immune response of mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum to mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG. We also evaluated mice immunized with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG and boosted with RBD219-N1C1/alum. Mice were immunized twice intramuscularly at a 21-day interval. Compared to two doses of the RBD219-N1C1/alum formulation, the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine induced a stronger and more balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response, with high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the original Wuhan isolate of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.1 (Kappa) variants. Notably, the sera from mice that received two 7 {micro}g doses of RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG showed more than 18 times higher neutralizing antibody titers against B.1.351, than the WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin NIBSC 20/136. Interestingly, a booster dose did not require the addition of CpG to induce this effect. The data reported here reinforces that the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine formulation is suitable for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 including three variants of concern, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.1 (Kappa).	Receptor-binding domain recombinant protein RBD219-N1C1 on alum-CpG induces broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern	Receptor-binding domain recombinant protein RBD219-N1C1 on alum-CpG induces broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND: Omicron variant viruses spread rapidly, even in individuals with high vaccination rates. This study aimed to determine the utility of the antibody against the spike protein level as a predictor of the disease course of COVID-19 in vaccinated patients. METHODS: Between 11 December 2021 and 10 February 2022, we performed a prospective observational cohort study in South Korea, which included patients infected with delta –and –omicron variants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the association between antibody levels and the outcomes was conducted.The relationship between antibody levels and cycle threshold (Ct) values was confirmed using a generalised linear model. RESULTS: From 106 vaccinated patients (39 delta and 67 omicron), the geometric mean titres of antibodies in patients withfever (≥37.5 °C), hypoxia (≤94% of SpO(2)), pneumonia, C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation (>8 mg/L), or lymphopenia (<1,100 cells/μL) were 1,201.5 U/mL, 98.8 U/mL, 774.1 U/mL, 1,335.1 U/mL, and 1,032.2 U/mL, respectively. Increased antibody levels were associated with a decrease in the fever occurrence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–0.51), hypoxia (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08–0.7), CRP elevation (aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.0.94), and lymphopenia (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33–0.98). Ct values showed a positive correlation between antibody levels (P =0.02). CONCLUSION: Antibody levels are predictive of the clinical course of COVID-19 in vaccinated patients with delta and omicron variant infections. Our data highlight the need for concentrated efforts to monitor patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who are at risk of low antibody levels.	Antibody level predicts the clinical course of breakthrough infection of COVID-19 caused by delta and omicron variants: a prospective cross-sectional study	Antibody level predicts the clinical course of breakthrough infection of COVID-19 caused by delta and omicron variants: a prospective cross-sectional study
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	AIM: To assess clinical outcomes according to the immunosuppressive treatment administered to patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and moderate inflammation. METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study involving 142 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate inflammation divided into three treatment groups (pulses of methylprednisolone alone [groupI], tocilizumab alone [groupII] and methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab [groupIII]). The aim was to assess intergroups differences in the clinical course with a 60-day follow-up and related analytical factors. RESULTS: 14 patients (9,8%) died: 8 (10%) in groupI and 6 (9,5%) in groupsII andIII. 15 (10,6%) were admitted to ICU: 2 (2,5%) from groupI, 4 (28,5%) from groupII and 9 (18,4%) from groupIII. The mean hospital stay was longer in groupII and clinical outcome was not associated with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Tocilizumab seems to be not associated with better clinical outcomes and should be reserved for clinical trial scenario, since its widespread use may result in higher rate of ICU admission and longer mean hospital stay without differences in mortality rate and potentially adverse events.	Glucocorticoids alone versus tocilizumab alone or glucocorticoids plus tocilizumab in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and mild inflammation./ Glucocorticoides solos versus tocilizumab solo o glucocorticoides más tocilizumab en pacientes con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 e inflamación moderada	{{NAME}} alone versus tocilizumab alone or glucocorticoids plus tocilizumab in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and mild inflammation./ Glucocorticoides solos versus tocilizumab solo o glucocorticoides más tocilizumab en pacientes con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 e inflamación moderada
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Although patients who recovered from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have prolonged disabilities, follow-up data of those who have survived COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still very scarce. Therefore, COVID-19-ARDS survivors requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) were followed six months after discharge. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), 6-min walk test (6MWT) and echocardiography were performed. Quality of life (QoL), depression and anxiety were assessed using validated questionnaires. Patients were compared based on respiratory mechanics and CT-phenotype during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Eighteen patients were included (61 ± 7 years; ICU-stay: 34 ± 16 days; IMV: 30 ± 15 days). At follow-up (197 ± 15 days after discharge), PFTs did not reveal significant limitations (VC: 92 ± 16%; FEV1: 92 ± 20%; DLco/VA: 81 ± 16%). Cardiac systolic function was normal in all patients, but 50% of them had diastolic dysfunction. 6MWT was under the lower limit of normal in only two patients. Eight patients (44%) reported tiredness, six (33%) suffered from fatigue and one patient (6%) had depression and anxiety. Surprisingly, patients with worse respiratory mechanics during IMV reported fewer symptoms and less exertional dyspnea at follow-up. In conclusion, patients with COVID-19-ARDS have the possibility to fully recover regarding pulmonary function and exercise capacity, which seems to be independent of disease severity during ICU stay.	Six Months Follow-Up of Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation due to COVID-19 Related ARDS	Six Months Follow-Up of Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation due to {{NAME}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Persistent disparities in the burden of breast cancer between African Americans and White Americans have been documented over many decades. Features characterizing breast cancer in the African American community include a 40% higher mortality rate, younger age distribution, greater advanced-stage distribution, increased risk of biologically aggressive disease such as the triple-negative phenotype, and increased incidence of male breast cancer. Public health experts, genetics researchers, clinical trialists, multidisciplinary oncology teams, and advocates must collaborate to comprehensively address the multifactorial etiology of and remedies for breast cancer disparities. Efforts to achieve breast health equity through improved access to affordable, high-quality care are especially imperative in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its disproportionately high economic toll on African Americans.	Disparities in Breast Cancer Associated With African American Identity	Disparities in Breast Cancer Associated With African American Identity
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented situation where sudden and prolonged surges of critically ill patients have disrupted healthcare systems worldwide A major concern for hospitals worldwide is how to best manage large numbers of COVID-19 infected and non-infected patients, while still maintaining high-quality clinical care. Aim: This manuscript describes the system development, collaborative efforts and the challenges encountered in developing an in-house clinical intelligence dashboard. Methods: Through a longitudinal, interdepartmental collaboration, a COVID-19 clinical intelligence dashboard was created using Microsoft Power BI and Cerner Computer Language (CCL) to demonstrate clinical severity of patients and patient location in a single screen. A color-coding schema was applied to produce a red highlight for patients whose condition is deteriorating, whether due to increasing oxygen demand or worsening laboratory values. An additional function enabled users to drill down into the patient's clinical and laboratory parameters for the past 5 days, and ultimately to the respective patient chart for further assessment. Results: The development of an in-house clinical intelligence dashboard is a feasible, effective tool to allow frontline clinicians to monitor patient status in multiple wards and proactively intervene as clinically necessary and transfer patients to the appropriate level of care. Comparing the 30 days before and 30 days after the implementation of the dashboard, the percentage of patients who required urgent intubation or cardiac resuscitation on the general medical ward, rather than a critical care setting, declined by over 50% (8 out of 34, 33% vs. 7 out of 55, 13%; two-tailed p < 0.05 by Fisher's exact test; OR 3.43; CI 1.07 to 10.95). Conclusion: The dashboard has enabled physicians to efficiently assess patient volumes and case severity to prioritize clinical care and appropriately allocate scarce resources. The dashboard can be replicated by developing healthcare systems that are continuing to grapple with the pandemic.	Rapid Development and Utilization of a Clinical Intelligence Dashboard for Frontline Clinicians to Optimize Critical Resources During Covid-19	{{ORGANIZATION}} of a Clinical Intelligence Dashboard for Frontline Clinicians to Optimize Critical Resources During Covid-19
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The emergence of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, triggered the discovery of a high diversity of coronaviruses in bats. Studies from Europe have shown that coronaviruses circulate in bats in France but this reflects only a fraction of the whole diversity. In the current study the diversity of coronaviruses circulating in western Europe was extensively explored. Ten alphacoronaviruses in eleven bat species belonging to the Miniopteridae, Vespertilionidae and Rhinolophidae families and, a SARS-CoV-related Betacoronavirus in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were identified. The diversity and prevalence of bat coronaviruses presently reported from western Europe is much higher than previously described and includes a SARS-CoV sister group. This diversity demonstrates the dynamic evolution and circulation of coronaviruses in this species. That said, the identified coronaviruses were consistently associated with a particular bat species or genus, and these relationships were maintained no matter the geographic location. The observed phylogenetic grouping of coronaviruses from the same species in Europe and Asia, emphasizes the role of host/pathogen coevolution in this group.	SARS-CoV related Betacoronavirus and diverse Alphacoronavirus members found in western old-world()	SARS-CoV related Betacoronavirus and diverse Alphacoronavirus members found in western old-world()
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Background: To assess the effectiveness of vitamin C treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Methods: An open-label, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The case and control treatment groups each consisted of 30 patients. The control group received lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine and the case group received high-dose of vitamin C (six gr daily) added to the same regimen. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between two groups with respect to age and gender, laboratory results, and underlying diseases. On the 3 rd day of hospitalization, the mean core body temperatures was significantly lower and SpO2 was higher In the case group (p value = 0.001, and 0.014, respectively). The median length of hospitalization in case group which was significantly longer than the control group (8.5 days vs. 6.5 days) (p value = 0.0280). There was no significant difference in SpO2 levels at discharge time, the length of ICU stay, and mortality between the two groups. Conclusions: : We did not find significantly better outcomes in the group who were treated with high-dose vitamin C in addition to the main treatment regimen at discharge. Trial registration: The project was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.IRCT20200411047025N1	Safety and Effectiveness of High-Dose Vitamin C in Patients with COVID-19;A Randomized Controlled open-label Clinical Trial ‎	{{ORGANIZATION}} in Patients with COVID-19;A Randomized Controlled open-label Clinical Trial ‎
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Considering the impact of the number of potential new coronavirus infections in each city, this paper explores the relationship between temperature and cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China through the non-parametric method. In this paper, the floating population of each city in Wuhan is taken as a proxy variable for the number of potential new coronavirus infections. Firstly, to use the non-parametric method correctly, the symmetric Gauss kernel and asymmetric Gamma kernel are applied to estimate the density of cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China. The result confirms that the Gamma kernel provides a more reasonable density estimation of bounded data than the Gauss kernel. Then, through the non-parametric method based on the Gamma kernel estimation, this paper finds a positive relationship between Wuhan’s mobile population and cumulative confirmed cases, while the relationship between temperature and cumulative confirmed cases is inconclusive in China when the impact of the number of potential new coronavirus infections in each city is considered. Compared with the weather, the potentially infected population plays a more critical role in spreading the virus. Therefore, the role of prevention and control measures is more important than weather factors. Even in summer, we should also pay attention to the prevention and control of the epidemic.	The Influence of Potential Infection on the Relationship between Temperature and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China	The Influence of Potential Infection on the Relationship between Temperature and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Enveloped viruses require viral fusion proteins to promote fusion of the viral envelope with a target cell membrane. To drive fusion, these proteins undergo large conformational changes that must occur at the right place and at the right time. Understanding the elements which control the stability of the prefusion state and the initiation of conformational changes is key to understanding the function of these important proteins. The construction of mutations in the fusion protein transmembrane domains (TMDs) or the replacement of these domains with lipid anchors has implicated the TMD in the fusion process. However, the structural and molecular details of the role of the TMD in these fusion events remain unclear. Previously, we demonstrated that isolated paramyxovirus fusion protein TMDs associate in a monomer-trimer equilibrium, using sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation. Using a similar approach, the work presented here indicates that trimeric interactions also occur between the fusion protein TMDs of Ebola virus, influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV), and rabies virus. Our results suggest that TM-TM interactions are important in the fusion protein function of diverse viral families. IMPORTANCE Many important human pathogens are enveloped viruses that utilize membrane-bound glycoproteins to mediate viral entry. Factors that contribute to the stability of these glycoproteins have been identified in the ectodomain of several viral fusion proteins, including residues within the soluble ectodomain. Although it is often thought to simply act as an anchor, the transmembrane domain of viral fusion proteins has been implicated in protein stability and function as well. Here, using a biophysical approach, we demonstrated that the fusion protein transmembrane domains of several deadly pathogens—Ebola virus, influenza virus, SARS CoV, and rabies virus—self-associate. This observation across various viral families suggests that transmembrane domain interactions may be broadly relevant and serve as a new target for therapeutic development.	Transmembrane Domains of Highly Pathogenic Viral Fusion Proteins Exhibit Trimeric Association In Vitro	{{NAME}} of Highly Pathogenic Viral Fusion Proteins Exhibit Trimeric Association In Vitro
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, and the ensuing global pandemic, has resulted in an unprecedented response to identify therapies that can limit uncontrolled inflammation observed in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The immune pathology behind COVID-19 is complex and involves the activation and interaction of multiple systems including, but not limited to, complement, inflammasomes, endothelial as well as innate and adaptive immune cells to bring about a convoluted profile of inflammation, coagulation and tissue damage. To date, therapeutic approaches have focussed on inhibition of coagulation, untargeted immune suppression and/or cytokine-directed blocking agents. Regardless of recently achieved improvements in individual patient outcomes and survival rates, improved and focussed approaches targeting individual systems involved is needed to further improve prognosis and wellbeing. This review summarizes the current understanding of molecular and cellular systems involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and their contribution to pathogen clearance and damage to then discuss possible therapeutic options involving immunomodulatory drug delivery systems as well as summarising the complex interplay between them.	Drug delivery systems as Immunomodulators for therapy of infectious disease: relevance to COVID-19	Drug delivery systems as Immunomodulators for therapy of infectious disease: relevance to COVID-19
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide this disease has infected around 1.5 million individuals with a mortality rate ranging from 5 to 10%. It has also imposed extreme challenges on global health, economy, and social behavior. Due to the unavailability of therapeutics, several efforts are going on in the drug discovery to control the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The main protease (MPro) plays a critical role in viral replication and maturation, thus can serve as the primary drug target. To understand the structural evolution of MPro, we have performed phylogenetic and SSN analysis, that depicted divergence of Coronaviridae MPro in five clusters specific to viral hosts. This clustering was also corroborated with the comparison of MPro structures. Furthermore, it has been observed that backbone and binding site conformations are conserved despite variation in some of the residues. This conservation can be exploited to repurpose available viral protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 MPro. In agreement with this, we performed screening of the custom-made library of ~7100 molecules including active ingredients present in the Ayurvedic anti-tussive medicines, anti-viral phytochemicals and synthetic anti-virals against SARS-CoV-2 MPro as the primary target. We identified several natural molecules that strongly binds to SARS-CoV-2 MPro among which top seven molecules are d-Viniferin, Myricitrin, Taiwanhomoflavone A, Lactucopicrin 15-oxalate, Nympholide A, Biorobin and Phyllaemblicin B. Most of the predicted lead molecules are from Vitis vinifera, also reported for anti-tussive and/or antiviral activities. These molecules also showed strong binding with other main targets RdRp and hACE-2. We anticipate that our approach for identification of multi-target-directed ligand will provide new avenues for drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands by Targeting Host-specific SARS-CoV-2’s Structurally Conserved Main Protease	Discovery of {{ORGANIZATION}} by {{NAME}}-specific SARS-CoV-2’s Structurally Conserved Main Protease
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Rheumatoid factors (RFs) are autoantibodies that recognize the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Genetically diverse RFs are produced in rheumatoid arthritis patients; however, in hematologic diseases, such as cryoglobulinemia and B cell lymphoma, RFs from a limited combination of heavy chain V-region genes and J-region genes are produced in large quantities and forms immune complexes with IgG. These genetically limited RFs have historically been used for the immunochemical characterization of RFs. Among them, RFs derived from the heavy-chain germline gene IGHV1-69 are the most common. Recently, the crystal structure of an IGHV1-69-derived RF named YES8c was elucidated in complex with human IgG1-Fc. Based on the structure and mutant analyses, a recognition mechanism for the autoantigen (IgG-Fc) common to IGHV1-69-derived RFs was proposed. This review summarizes the immunochemical character of the IGHV1-69-derived RFs, and then focuses on the recognition mechanism of the IGHV1-69-derived RFs, referring the structural features of the IGHV1-69-derived neutralizing antibodies.	Structural Basis of a Conventional Recognition Mode of IGHV1-69 Rheumatoid Factors.	Structural Basis of a Conventional Recognition Mode of {{ORGANIZATION}}.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Research-oriented universities are known for prolific research activity that is often supported by students in faculty-guided research. To maintain ethical standards, universities require on-going training of both faculty and students to ensure Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR). However, previous research has indicated RCR-based training is insufficient to address the ethical dilemmas that are prevalent within academic settings: navigating issues of authorship, modeling relationships between faculty and students, minimization of risk, and adequate informed consent. U.S. universities must explore ways to identify and improve RCR concerns for current (faculty) and future researchers (students). This article reports the findings of a self-study (N = 50) of research stakeholders (students and faculty) at a top tier research institution. First, we report on their perceived importance of applying RCR principles. Second, we explore relationships between stakeholder backgrounds (e.g., prior training, field, and position) and how they ranked the degree of ethical concerns in fictitious vignettes that presented different unethical issues university students could encounter when conducting research. Vignette rankings suggested concerns of inappropriate relationships, predatory authorship and IRB violations which were judged as most unethical, which was dissimilar to what sampled researchers reported in practice as the most important RCR elements to understand and adhere to for successful research. Regression models indicated there was no significant relationship between individuals’ vignette ethics scores and backgrounds, affirming previous literature suggesting that training can be ineffectual in shifting researcher judgments of ethical dilemmas. Recommendations for training are discussed.	Reflecting on Responsible Conduct of Research: A Self Study of a Research-Oriented University Community	Reflecting on Responsible Conduct of Research: A Self Study of a Research-Oriented University Community
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify the incidence of and risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) after office cystoscopy and urodynamic studies (UDS) in a female population. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study investigating incidence of and risk factors for UTI after office testing. Inclusion criteria included women presenting for either cystoscopy or UDS from September 2019 to February 2020. Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to identify risk factors for UTI after cystoscopy and UDS in a female population. RESULTS A total of 274 patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred eighty-five patients underwent office cystoscopy. Nine (4.8%) had a postcystoscopy UTI. Significant risk factors for postcystoscopy UTI included recurrent UTI (relative risk, 7.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-34.05) and a history of interstitial cystitis (relative risk, 4.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-13.73). Of those with recurrent UTI, 13.7% had a postcystoscopy UTI. Among patients with interstitial cystitis, 25% had a postcystoscopy UTI. One hundred ninety-two patients underwent UDS. Ten (5.2%) developed a post-UDS UTI. No risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS Patients with recurrent UTI were 7.51 times more likely to develop a UTI after cystoscopy, whereas those with interstitial cystitis were 4.56 times more likely to develop a UTI after cystoscopy. The incidence of UTI after UDS was low overall. Understanding who is at higher risk of postprocedural UTIs may help identify subpopulations that may benefit from prophylactic strategies.	A Retrospective Cohort Study to Identify the Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection After Office Procedures.	A Retrospective Cohort Study to Identify the Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection After Office Procedures.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	COVID-19 poses more risk to patients who already suffer from other diseases, particularly respiratory disorder In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and related risk factors during hospitalization of COVID-19 patients admitted with kidney damage A total of 102 COVID-19 patients with kidney damage [irrespective of their chronic kidney disease (CKD) history] during hospitalization were included in this study The patients were divided into a core group and a group who developed critical illness or death Clinical data included age, gender, length of hospitalization, clinical manifestations, medical history, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs -CRP), high serum creatinine, low cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and hemoglobin Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of patients' outcome Among the outcomes, 75 patients (73 53%) were cured, 27 (26 47%) developed to critical illness or death, 20 (19 61%) of them died A total of 36 (4 26%) out of 845 COVID-19 patients, developed acute kidney injury (AKI) Decreased oxygen saturation, elevated hs-CRP, elevated serum creatinine, elevated cTnI, and anemia were related factors for COVID-19 patients who developed to critical illness or death (P <0 05) Decreased oxygen saturation, elevated hs-CRP and anemia were not independent factors, but elevated serum creatinine and elevated cTnI were independent factors for COVID-19 patients who developed to critical illness or death (P <0 05) Among COVID-19 patients with or without CKD but with kidney damage during hospitalization, patients with elevated serum creatinine and elevated Tnl, more likely to developed critical illness or death	Kidney damage in COVID-19 patients with or without chronic kidney disease: Analysis of clinical characteristics and related risk factors	{{NAME}} damage in COVID-19 patients with or without chronic kidney disease: Analysis of clinical characteristics and related risk factors
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	As countries around the world went into lockdown in 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic, people looked for virtual ways of reducing social isolation. Amongst these online interactions, a relatively new phenomenon ? the virtual choir ? grew in popularity. As part of a wider study on virtual choirs, this study analyses the multimodal performance of, and textual audience responses to, ?The Birth of the Virtual Choir?, posted on YouTube in June 2020. The study uses a combination of Mediated Discourse Analysis (Norris and Jones, 2005) and the theoretical concept of liminality (Turner, 1974;van Gennep, 1960) as a means of understanding how one performance in this new genre was used to reflect personal crises during the pandemic and enforced lockdowns. It argues that the song mirrors a process of separation, transition and reaggregation in both time and space, consistent with rites of passages and liminal experiences, whereby social actors are isolated, use creative ways to find order to the chaos, then reintegrate into society as changed subjects. It also demonstrates how online creativity and illusion highlighted one choir?s experience on life and lockdowns during the Covid-19 pandemic, many of which appeared to ring true for their wider audience and other virtual choirs being born into the Covid era.	‘The Birth of the Virtual Choir’: Exploring the multimodal realisation of the Covid-19 liminal space in a YouTube virtual choir performance	‘The Birth of the Virtual Choir’: Exploring the multimodal realisation of the Covid-19 liminal space in a {{ORGANIZATION}} virtual choir performance
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Purpose: This study investigated the impact of conspiracy beliefs on fear of Covid-19 and health protective behavior of university students in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted at three universities in Punjab (e.g. two public sectors and one private sector) with permission from concerned authorities for data collection. A total of 374 responses were received that were analyzed by applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results indicated the prevalence of conspiracy beliefs and fear of Covid-19 among university students of two public sector universities and one private sector university. Furthermore, the conspiracy beliefs of university students predicted their fear of Covid-19. However, conspiracy beliefs did not predict the health protective behavior of university students. Research limitations/implications: These results had serious implications for public health in Pakistan demonstrating the critical need for health education and promotion as individual preparedness along with system preparedness is essential to combat Covid-19 pandemic and infodemic. These results are useful for policymakers, healthcare professionals, university administration and library staff for making evidence-based decisions toward health education and promotion related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Originality/value: It is hoped that the present study would make an invaluable contribution to existing research on promotional health in general and the role of conspiracy beliefs in putting public health at risk in particular as limited studies have been published so far. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.	Impact of conspiracy beliefs on Covid-19 fear and health protective behavior: a case of university students	Impact of conspiracy beliefs on Covid-19 fear and health protective behavior: a case of university students
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had occurred at our hospital We retrospectively analyzed the differences between patients with nosocomial COVID-19 and either hematological disease (n=40) or other diseases (n=57) The analysis was completed within 60 days for surviving patients Among the patients with hematological disease and those with other diseases, there were 21 (52 5%) and 20 (35 1%) deaths, respectively Although the patients with hematological disease received favipiravir more frequently than patients with other diseases (21 [52 5%] vs 15 [35 3%], respectively;P<0 05), their median overall survival was poor (29 days;P=0 078) Furthermore, the median duration from oxygen therapy initiation to death or intubation was significantly shorter in the patients with hematological disease (5 days [range, 1-17 days] vs 10 days [1-24 days], respectively;P<0 05) Furthermore, the patients with hematological disease and nosocomial COVID-19 exhibited more marked respiratory failure and poorer outcomes leading to death in a shorter time period than the patients with other diseases and nosocomial COVID-19	[Retrospective analysis of nosocomial COVID-19: a comparison between patients with hematological disorders and other diseases]	[Retrospective analysis of nosocomial COVID-19: a comparison between patients with hematological disorders and other diseases]
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Across Europe, businesses and policy makers are now worried about the future of industries dominated by U S and Chinese companies Since the financial and economic global crisis in 2007, Western industrialized countries have experienced a return to stronger state interventions in the business States, which had previously been reluctant to intervene, implemented interventions to support individual companies or adopted industrial measures for whole sectors Moreover, the pandemic has driven Asian countries to double down on the tradition of state intervention The specific causes of the coronavirus global recession, however, impose a radical and targeted solution Governments should enter key-sectors and cover directly wages and maintenance costs for critical businesses facing shutdown In this context of Government s direct involvement in global business, it is very useful to remember the lesson from the genesis of Japans motorcycle global leaders: Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki and Yamaha	Global Competition & State Intervention. The Genesis of Japan's Motorcycle Global Leaders: Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki & Yamaha	{{ORGANIZATION}}. The Genesis of Japan's Motorcycle Global Leaders: {{ORGANIZATION}}, {{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The widespread idea about the Russian Orthodox Church as an institution incapable of development needs to be substantially modified The conservatism inherent in the Church should not be confused with reactionism, which is not its immanent attribute Moreover, it is possible to talk about the internal polyphony of the Church, which incorporates a fairly wide range of views Historically, the Russian Orthodox Church has been distinguished by an extremely high degree of adaptability, the ability to integrate different traditions even in such conservative areas as worship, but in the Soviet years it was "encapsulated" and largely turned into a hermetic structure with the focus on preserving tradition The current situation in the Russian Orthodox community is characterized by a huge gap between the number of "nominal" and "practising" believers At the same time, the low and diffuse mass religiosity is compensated and, so to say, replaced by the increased activity of the practising minority and priests But the active minority in the Russian Orthodox Church is heterogeneous and is split into several groups, the most important of which are conservatives and pragmatists The internal polyphony of the Russian Orthodox Church was clearly visible during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic The situation touched upon the church-state relations, as well as the question of the role of confessions in modern society, rather than boiling down to the usual confrontation between liberals and conservatives The pandemic not only exacerbated the contradictions between pragmatists and conservatives, but also led to the serious disagreements between the state and the Church that looked up to its influential conservatives in the decision-making process However, since the Church as an institution is not ready to oppose state power, the prevailing model of relations between them is likely to remain, although it may become less idyllic	Polyphony of Russian Church: State Factor, Public Demand, and Challenge of Pandemic	{{ORGANIZATION}} State Factor, Public Demand, and {{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The red-crowned crane is one of the rarest crane species, and its population is decreasing due to loss of habitat, poisoning, and infections. Using a viral metagenomics approach, we analyzed the virome of feces from wild and captive red-crowned cranes, which were pooled separately. Vertebrate viruses belonging to the families Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Caliciviridae were detected. Among the members of the family Picornaviridae, we found three that appear to represent new genera. Six nearly complete genomes from members of the family Parvoviridae were also obtained, including four new members of the proposed genus “Chapparvovirus”, and two members of the genus Aveparvovirus. Six small circular DNA genomes were also characterized. One nearly complete genome showing a low level of sequence identity to caliciviruses was also characterized. Numerous viruses believed to infect insects, plants, and crustaceans were also identified, which were probably derived from the diet of red-crowned cranes. This study increases our understanding of the enteric virome of red-crowned cranes and provides a baseline for comparison to those of other birds or following disease outbreaks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00705-018-4037-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.	The fecal virome of red-crowned cranes	The fecal virome of red-crowned cranes
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	One silver lining of COVID-19 has been the ushering in of ‘the golden age of telehealth’. However, this unplanned rapid conversion to telehealth left many providers and clinics unprepared to address systemic barriers that adversely affect older adults, particularly those with disabilities. Data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse suggest that the rapid adoption of telehealth in mental health clinics during COVID-19 widened telehealth utilization disparities for older Veterans (65+) with disabilities. With 4.5 million Veterans 55+ who have at least one disability more attention to addressing this widening gap is needed. For those with hearing, vision, and complex mobility impairments, there are unique challenges to initiating telehealth services. Dr. Touchett will present preliminary findings while discussing ethical and contextual considerations when using telehealth with older Veterans who have disabilities, while discussing ways to facilitate robust clinical encounters for this population.	Ushering in the Silver Age of Telehealth: Addressing Telehealth Disparities for Older Adults With Disabilities	Ushering in the Silver Age of Telehealth: Addressing Telehealth Disparities for Older Adults With Disabilities
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Currently, the use of voice-assistants has been on the rise, but a user-centric usability evaluation of these devices is a must for ensuring their success. System Usability Scale (SUS) is one such popular usability instrument in a Graphical User Interface (GUI) scenario. However, there are certain fundamental differences between GUI and voice-based systems, which makes it uncertain regarding the suitability of SUS in a voice scenario. The present work has a twofold objective: to check the suitability of SUS for usability evaluation of voice-assistants and developing a subjective scale in line with SUS that considers the unique aspects of voice-based communication. We call this scale as the Voice Usability Scale (VUS). For fulfilling the objectives, a subjective test is conducted with 62 participants. An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggests that SUS has a number of drawbacks for measuring the voice usability. Moreover, in case of VUS, the most optimal factor structure identifies three main components: usability, affective, and recognizability and visibility. The current findings should provide an initial starting point to form a useful theoretical and practical basis for subjective usability assessment of voice-based systems.	Usability Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Voice Assistants: The Case of Amazon Alexa	{{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	We report the development and evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a whole virion inactivated (WVI) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152), adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide gel (Algel), or TLR7/8 agonist chemisorbed Algel. We used a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 strain and an established Vero cell platform to produce large-scale GMP grade highly purified inactivated antigen. Product development and manufacturing process were carried out in a BSL-3 facility. Immunogenicity and safety was determined at two antigen concentrations (3µg and 6µg), with two different adjuvants, in mice, rats and rabbits. Our results show that BBV152 vaccine formulations generated significantly high antigen-binding and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb), at both concentrations, in all three species with excellent safety profiles. The inactivated vaccine formulation containing TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant-induced Th1 biased antibody responses with elevated IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and increased levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IFN-Î³+ CD4+ T lymphocyte response. Our results support further development for Phase I/II clinical trials in humans.	Th1 Skewed immune response of Whole Virion Inactivated SARS CoV 2 Vaccine and its safety evaluation	Th1 Skewed immune response of Whole Virion Inactivated SARS CoV 2 Vaccine and its safety evaluation
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The sudden outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19 inevitably has a great impact on economic and social development. Therefore, the innovation-driven value becomes more and more prominent. Through literature review, it is not difficult to find that values have gradually become an important reference standard for organizations to select talents for their teams, as well as an important reference factor for studying organizational citizenship behavior. In order to explore the relationship between values realization degree and organizational citizenship behavior, this investigation based on the social interaction theory was conducting using a sample of enterprise staff (N=358). In this paper, LISRELV9.2 and SPSS21.0 were used to analyze the sample data, including descriptive statistical analysis, common variance deviation test, reliability and validity test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and validation of mediating effects. The results showed that values realization degree positively predicted organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction played an intermediary role in the relationship between values realization degree and organizational citizenship behavior. Besides, there were some differences between the relation that work values realization degree and organizational citizenship behavior acted on organizational citizenship behavior.	The Relation of Career Adaptability to Values Realization Degree and Organizational Citizenship Behavior	The Relation of Career Adaptability to Values Realization Degree and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) have been widely used for various purposes for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic, such as self-assessment, contact tracing, disseminating information, minimizing exposure, and reducing face-to-face health consultation. The objective of this study is to systematically review COVID-19 related mHealth apps and highlight gaps to inform the development of future mHealth initiatives in Indonesia. METHODS: A systematic search strategy using a PRISMA flowchart was used to identify mHealth apps available in Google Play and Apple Play stores. We searched mHealth apps using certain specific terms related to COVID-19 outbreaks. The inclusion criteria were apps-based smartphone users related to COVID-19 using local language, free of cost, available in the Google Play and Apple Play Stores, and supported by the Indonesian government. We excluded games, apps on infectious diseases unrelated to COVID-19 specifically, and apps with non-Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language). The selected mHealth apps were assessed based on two measures: (1) the WHO guidelines on digital health intervention and (2) the four dimensions of the mHealth technology fit framework. In addition, user feedback from experienced and non-experienced users was conducted to evaluate four dimensions of the apps. RESULTS: A total of 339 mHealth apps were generated from the initial search, remaining seven selected apps that met inclusion criteria. The results highlighted that mHealth apps reviewed had still not been widely used by the general public. The applications were purposed to disseminate information, conduct a self-risk assessment, provide an online community forum, and telemedicine or teleconsultation regarding COVID-19. Data services, including data storage, aggregation, and data exchange, are available in most apps. The rarest function found was contact tracing and assisting health management and health workers, such as the availability of testing facilities, reporting test results, and prescribing medication. The main issues reported were the lack of data security and data privacy protection, integration and infrastructures, usability, and usefulness. CONCLUSION: Our study highlighted the necessity to improve mHealth apps' functions related to assisting health workers and the function of digital contact tracing. An effort to increase public awareness regarding the use of mHealth is also necessary to streamline the function of this innovation. Policymakers must consider usefulness, usability, integration, and infrastructure issues to improve their mHealth function.	COVID-19 Mobile Health Apps: An Overview of Mobile Applications in Indonesia	COVID-19 Mobile Health Apps: An Overview of Mobile Applications in Indonesia
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Background: Risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy remain poorly understood. Identifying and understanding populations at a heightened risk of acquisition is essential to more effectively target outreach and prevention efforts. Objective: This study aimed to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and, among those with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, to compare characteristics of those who reported coronavirus disease symptoms and those who were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Study Design: This retrospective cohort study includes pregnant women who delivered or intended to deliver at Northwestern Memorial Hospital after initiation of a universal testing protocol on admission (April 8, 2020-May 31, 2020). Women were dichotomized by whether they had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Among women with a positive test result, women were further dichotomized by whether they reported symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. Bivariable analysis and parametric tests of trend were used for analyses. Logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders and to examine effect modification between race and ethnicity and any other identified risk factors. Results: During the study period, 1418 women met inclusion criteria, of whom 101 (7.1%) had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Of the 101 women who had a positive test result, 77 (76.2%) were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Compared with women who had a negative test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, those with a positive test result were younger and were more likely to have public insurance, to identify as black or African American or Latina, to be unmarried, to be obese, to have preexisting pulmonary disease, and to have living children. An increasing number of living children was associated with an increasing risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and this finding persisted after controlling for potential confounders. There was no effect modification between race or ethnicity and having living children with regard to the risk of infection. There were no significant differences identified between women who were symptomatic and asymptomatic. Conclusion: Many risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy are similar to the social and structural determinants of health that have been reported in the general population. The observed association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and having children raises the possibility of children themselves being vectors of viral spread or behavior patterns of parents being mediators of acquisition.	Risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnant women	Risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnant women
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	This should help the reader understand the issue in a manner that makes the extent of the problem clear and offers enough context to enable him/her to make a judgment about the applicability of the concerns to their own setting.	Turning Around a Medical Education Conference: Ottawa2020 in the time of Covid-19.	Turning Around a Medical Education Conference: Ottawa2020 in the time of Covid-19.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Fitness centres are an obvious arena for performing physical activity for the general population but representation of adults with physical disabilities (AwPD) is lacking. To increase possibilities for AwPD to exercise in fitness centres together with adults without physical disabilities (AwoPD), the aim of this study was to identify, synthesise, and compare barriers to, and facilitators of, exercising in fitness centres for each group. A scoping review was conducted and data extraction of the barriers and facilitators was performed independently by two researchers on six categories of contextual factors based on the framework of Di Blasi: (1) The fitness centre setting; (2) The fitness centre user characteristics; (3) The fitness instructor/staff characteristics; (4) The fitness centre user-instructor/management relationship; and (5) The fitness/exercise characteristics. An extra category, (6) Other relationships, was added. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was used for reporting. Of the 102 included papers, only 26 (25%) of the papers were on AwPD, which focused mainly on physical barriers (category 1: inaccessible settings). In contrast, the remaining 76 papers involving AwoPD focused primarily on facilitators (category 2: motivational factors and exercising effects). In categories 3-6, the two groups had similar results, as both groups preferred skilled instructors, a welcoming and comfortable fitness centre environment, an ability to exercise at their preferred type and level, and good social connections. Since most data were based on AwoPD, more studies on actual experiences from AwPD are needed, to reveal the facilitators/motivational factors for fitness centre use.	Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Exercising in Fitness Centres among Adults with and without Physical Disabilities: A Scoping Review.	Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Exercising in Fitness Centres among Adults with and without Physical Disabilities: A Scoping Review.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Using a network approach, we estimate the output loss due to the lockdown of the Hubei province triggered by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Based on our mo	How Much of China and World GDP has the Coronavirus Reduced?	How Much of China and World GDP has the Coronavirus Reduced?
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the need for new innovative methods to effectively maintain education in times of crisis and uncertainty This study first presents the Online-Merge-Offline (OMO) learning approach, a way of learning that caters to the new needs of students and teachers in the post-COVID-19 era OMO learning utilizes a hybrid infrastructure that combines Open Educational Practices and real-time learning spaces, both online and offline This study then discusses the early results of a pilot experiment investigating OMO learning in China for three months from three dimensions: space design requirements, technological considerations, and pedagogical considerations A qualitative, two-stage study focused on content analysis and a multiple-case study were carried out in the context of courses about English language learning with 30 teachers and students The obtained findings showed that, although both teachers and students had a positive attitude towards OMO learning, they mentioned that a comprehensive set of core and functional competencies are needed—including the use of online platforms, communication skills, class management, and the effective use of resources Additionally, the findings showed that more effort should be paid to classroom design, such as infrastructure, to efficiently support OMO learning This study exemplifies a new approach toward the future of education to ensure sustainable education in this complex and uncertain world	Emergence of the Online-Merge-Offline (OMO) Learning Wave in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Pilot Study	Emergence of the Online-Merge-Offline (OMO) {{NAME}} in the {{ORGANIZATION}}-COVID-19 Era: A Pilot Study
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis has exposed the limits of the dominant ideologies Western liberals champion global solutions to unlock ever-more individual liberty, whereas communities want greater state protection and social solidarity National populists or authoritarians from the United States to Brazil, Eastern Europe, India, and China offer simplistic slogans and blame foreign forces, whereas countries need real leadership and international cooperation to be more resilient We face a conflict between liberal calls for greater global technocracy and an authoritarian retreat to national isolation Both worldviews are ugly Utopias with dystopian consequences They rest on the Utopian promise of biosurveil-lance, disruptive technology, and capitalism to restore prosperity coupled with public health In reality, the emerging economic models are based on the Darwinist power of the strong over the weak the oligarchy of U S tech platforms and of Chinese state corporations raises questions about citizenship and what makes us human A revived social Darwinism erodes the dignity of the person and fundamental freedoms linked to mutual obligations upon which a healthy democracy depends	Death of Utopia	Death of Utopia
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought into focus the key role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as a cell surface receptor required for the virus to enter cells. SARS-CoV-2 can decrease cell surface ACE2 directly by internalization of ACE2 bound to the virus and indirectly by increased ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17)-mediated shedding of ACE2. ACE2 is widely expressed in the heart, lungs, vasculature, kidney and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where it counteracts the deleterious effects of angiotensin II (AngII) by catalyzing the conversion of AngII into the vasodilator peptide angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). The down-regulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 can be detrimental to the cardiovascular system and kidneys. Further, decreased ACE2 can cause gut dysbiosis, inflammation and potentially worsen the systemic inflammatory response and coagulopathy associated with SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to elucidate the crucial role of ACE2 both as a regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as the implications for Coronavirus disease 19 and its associated cardiovascular and renal complications.	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19 in cardiorenal diseases	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19 in cardiorenal diseases
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND: Multimodal approaches have been shown to be a promising way to collect data on child development at high frequency, combining different data inputs (from phone surveys to signals from noninvasive biomarkers) to understand children’s health and development outcomes more integrally from multiple perspectives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to describe an implementation study using a multimodal approach combining noninvasive biomarkers, social contact patterns, mobile surveying, and face-to-face interviews in order to validate technologies that help us better understand child development in poor countries at a high frequency. METHODS: We carried out a mixed study based on a transversal descriptive analysis and a longitudinal prospective analysis in Malawi. In each village, children were sampled to participate in weekly sessions in which data signals were collected through wearable devices (electrocardiography [ECG] hand pads and electroencephalography [EEG] headbands). Additionally, wearable proximity sensors to elicit the social network were deployed among children and their caregivers. Mobile surveys using interactive voice response calls were also used as an additional layer of data collection. An end-line face-to-face survey was conducted at the end of the study. RESULTS: During the implementation, 82 EEG/ECG data entry points were collected across four villages. The sampled children for EEG/ECG were 0 to 5 years old. EEG/ECG data were collected once a week. In every session, children wore the EEG headband for 5 minutes and the ECG hand pad for 3 minutes. In total, 3531 calls were sent over 5 weeks, with 2291 participants picking up the calls and 984 of those answering the consent question. In total, 585 people completed the surveys over the course of 5 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study achieved its objective of demonstrating the feasibility of generating data through the unprecedented use of a multimodal approach for tracking child development in Malawi, which is one of the poorest countries in the world. Above and beyond its multiple dimensions, the dynamics of child development are complex. It is the case not only that no data stream in isolation can accurately characterize it, but also that even if combined, infrequent data might miss critical inflection points and interactions between different conditions and behaviors. In turn, combining different modes at a sufficiently high frequency allows researchers to make progress by considering contact patterns, reported symptoms and behaviors, and critical biomarkers all at once. This application showcases that even in developing countries facing multiple constraints, complementary technologies can leverage and accelerate the digitalization of health, bringing benefits to populations that lack new tools for understanding child well-being and development.	Combining Wearable Devices and Mobile Surveys to Study Child and Youth Development in Malawi: Implementation Study of a Multimodal Approach	Combining Wearable Devices and Mobile Surveys to Study Child and Youth Development in Malawi: Implementation Study of a Multimodal Approach
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of innovative healthcare methods, including remote patient monitoring. In the setting of limited healthcare resources, outpatient management of individuals newly diagnosed with COVID-19 was commonly implemented, some taking advantage of various personal health technologies, but only rarely using a multi-parameter chest-patch for continuous monitoring. Here we describe the development and validation of a COVID-19 decompensation index (CDI) model based on chest patch-derived continuous sensor data to predict COVID-19 hospitalizations in outpatient-managed COVID-19 positive individuals, achieving an overall AUC of the ROC Curve of 0.84 on 308 event negative participants, and 22 event positive participants, out of an overall study cohort of 400 participants. We retrospectively compare the performance of CDI to standard of care modalities, finding that the machine learning model outperforms the standard of care modalities in terms of both numbers of events identified and with a lower false alarm rate. While only a pilot phase study, the CDI represents a promising application of machine learning within a continuous remote patient monitoring system.	Wearable sensor derived decompensation index for continuous remote monitoring of COVID-19 diagnosed patients	Wearable sensor derived decompensation index for continuous remote monitoring of COVID-19 diagnosed patients
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Editor’s comment-A The covid-19 pandemic is the greatest challenge for the current generation of physicians, scientists and health administrators B Strict use of PPE, face masks, isolation and quarantine are the most effective methods of prevention of this infection C The immunomodulator hydroxychloroquine is approved for prophylactic use in asymptomatic health care workers and household contacts It is also approved as compassionate use for treatment of active covid-19 cases in the USA D Lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir are used in some countries, but efficacy is doubtful E Treatment with convalescent plasma may be considered in emergency situations	Management of sars-cov-2 (Covid-19) infection with special focus on use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir	Management of sars-cov-2 (Covid-19) infection with special focus on use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir