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[ { "id": "15158", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evaluation of umbilical cord serum therapy for persistent corneal epithelial defects . AIMS To evaluate umbilical cord serum therapy as a means of promoting the healing of persistent corneal epithelial defects . METHODS Umbilical cord serum or autologous serum drops were used to promote the healing of persistent epithelial defects . The study design was a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial . 60 eyes of 59 patients were divided into two groups , 31 in the cord serum group and 29 in the autologous serum control group . Epithelial defects measuring at least 2 mm in linear dimension resistant to conventional medical management were included . Serial measurements of the size of the epithelial defects-namely , two maximum linear dimensions perpendicular to each other , and the area and perimeter was done at start of therapy and follow up days 3 , 7 , 14 , 21 . Rate of healing of the epithelial defects were measured as percentage decrease from the baseline parameter at each subsequent follow up . The data were analysed by the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test using STATA 7.0 . RESULTS The median percentage decrease in the size of the epithelial defect was significantly greater in the cord serum group at days 7 , 14 and 21 ( p < 0.05 ) when measured in terms of the area and perimeter . A greater number of patients showed complete re-epithelialisation with umbilical cord serum ( n = 18 ) than with autologous serum ( n = 11 ) ( Pearson chi = 0.19 ) . None of the patients reported any side effects or discomfort with either treatment . CONCLUSIONS Umbilical cord serum leads to faster healing of the persistent corneal epithelial defects refractory to all medical management compared to autologous serum ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1737 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "umbilical cord serum therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "umbilical cord serum therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Umbilical cord serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "autologous serum drops" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cord serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15164", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "autologous serum control" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cord serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15166", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cord serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15167", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Umbilical cord serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15168", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "autologous serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15169", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "persistent corneal epithelial defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15170", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "persistent epithelial defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15171", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Rate of healing of the epithelial defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15172", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decrease in the size of the epithelial defect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15173", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "complete re-epithelialisation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1353, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15174", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "faster healing of the persistent corneal epithelial defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1610, 1669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15175", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "persistent corneal epithelial defects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15176", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "persistent corneal epithelial defects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15178", "type": "document", "text": [ "Mometasone furoate nasal spray improves olfactory performance in seasonal allergic rhinitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15179", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Mometasone furoate nasal spray" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15180", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "olfactory performance in seasonal allergic rhinitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15181", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seasonal allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15183", "type": "document", "text": [ "Esomeprazole resolves chronic heartburn in patients without erosive oesophagitis . BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heartburn but with no endoscopic evidence of erosive oesophagitis require gastric acid suppression to relieve symptoms . AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole in patients with frequent heartburn for > or = 6 months and no evidence of erosive oesophagitis on endoscopy . METHODS Two randomized , double-blind , 4-week , multi-centre trials with identical methodology compared once-daily esomeprazole , 40 mg ( n = 241 ) or 20 mg ( n = 234 ) , with placebo ( n = 242 ) for the rigorous end-point of complete resolution of heartburn . Secondary end-points included the percentage of heartburn-free days and the time to first and sustained resolution of heartburn . RESULTS Patients treated with either dose of esomeprazole were two to three times more likely to achieve complete resolution of heartburn than patients treated with placebo ( P < 0.001 ) . The percentage of heartburn-free days was significantly higher with esomeprazole 40 mg ( 63 % , 66 % ) or 20 mg ( 63 % , 68 % ) than with placebo ( 46 % , 36 % ; P < or = 0.001 ) in each of the two studies . Esomeprazole was associated with a significantly shorter mean time to first ( 6-7 days ) and sustained ( 12-17 days ) resolution of heartburn compared with placebo ( first , 10-12 days ; sustained , 21-22 days ; P < or = 0.008 ) . The spectrum and frequency of adverse events with esomeprazole were similar to those with placebo . CONCLUSIONS Esomeprazole , at daily doses of 40 mg or 20 mg , is effective and safe for the treatment of chronic heartburn in patients without erosive oesophagitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1687 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15184", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15185", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15186", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15187", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15188", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15189", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15190", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15191", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15192", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15193", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15194", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relieve symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15195", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15196", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequent heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15197", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "complete resolution of heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15198", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of heartburn-free days" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 731 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15199", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to first and sustained resolution of heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15200", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "complete resolution of heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15201", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of heartburn-free days" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 731 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15202", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "resolution of heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15203", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "spectrum and frequency of adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15204", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective and safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 1587, 1605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15205", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15206", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "without erosive oesophagitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15207", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15208", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "frequent heartburn for > or = 6 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15209", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "241" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15210", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "234" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15211", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "242" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15213", "type": "document", "text": [ "Vaginal electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor : a randomized feasibility study in urinary incontinent elderly women . BACKGROUND To evaluate the effectiveness of intravaginal electrical stimulation ( ES ) of the pelvic floor for urinary incontinence in elderly women , and to determine whether ES of the pelvic floor is a preferable treatment for urinary incontinence in elderly women . METHODS Postmenopausal women ( age 65 years or older ) were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial and underwent every-other-day ES of the pelvic floor , or a daily Kegel exercise ( KE ) program . Objective outcome variables were : ( 1 ) Urinary leakage ( during a standardized PAD test ) , ( 2 ) pelvic muscle strength ( measured by a perineometer ) , and ( 3 ) detrusor instability ( on ambulant urodynamic registration ) . Subjective outcome variables were women 's subjective assessment of change in urinary symptoms based on the PRAFAB score . Twenty-four women treated with ES and 11 women treated with Kegel exercises completed the 8-week study program . The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis . RESULTS No significant improvement in objective outcome variables was observed in the population treated with ES compared with the population treated with KE ( with 29.2 % vs. 36.4 % of the women showing objective improvement in measured urinary leakage ) . Neither was subjective improvement significant , with 29.2 % vs. 27.3 % of the women reporting improvement in the amount of urinary leakage . CONCLUSIONS Although the number of enrolled women was very small this study shows that : 1 . Treating elderly women with vaginal ES of the pelvic floor has a high physical and emotional cost for the individual . 2 . The effectiveness of ES of the pelvic floor in urinary incontinent elderly women is low . 3 . There is no great discrepancy between objective amelioration ( PAD test ) and subjective amelioration ( PRAFAB score/quantity of urinary leakage ) , if the objective improvement is adequately defined . 4 . It is not reasonable to advise elderly women with urinary incontinence to undertake this treatment procedure . The effectiveness of treatment does not compensate for the long-lasting and intense treatment protocol . 5 . We terminated this study because of the negative outcome with ES ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2313 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15214", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Vaginal electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor :" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15215", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intravaginal electrical stimulation ( ES )" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15216", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ES of the pelvic floor" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15217", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ES of the pelvic floor" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15218", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "daily Kegel exercise ( KE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15219", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "program" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15220", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Urinary leakage" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15221", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pelvic muscle strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15222", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "detrusor instability" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15223", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ambulant urodynamic registration" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15224", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "women 's subjective assessment of change in urinary symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15225", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "measured urinary leakage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1340, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15226", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary leakage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15227", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15229", "type": "document", "text": [ "Presentation of allergen in different food preparations affects the nature of the allergic reaction -- a case series . BACKGROUND Characterization of fatal and non-fatal reactions to food indicates that the majority of reactions are due to the ingestion of prepared foods rather than the non-processed allergen . In an ongoing study that used a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge to investigate peanut allergy and clinical symptoms , the observed reaction severity in four of the first six subjects was greater than anticipated . We hypothesized that this was due to differences in the composition of the challenge vehicle . OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate whether the severity of observed challenge reactions would be repeated on re-challenge with a lower fat challenge vehicle . METHODS Peanut-allergic subjects were re-challenged with a lower fat recipe after reacting more severely than was anticipated to an initial peanut challenge . Similar challenge vehicle recipes were used , the only difference being the lower fat content ( 22.9 % compared with 31.5 % ) . The peanut content of the two recipes was analysed using RAST inhibition studies and ELISA tests . RESULTS Three of four subjects reacted to much smaller doses of peanut protein on re-challenge ( mean dose equivalence - 23 times less peanut ) with the lower fat recipe . RAST inhibition showed that neither recipe altered epitope recognition . The higher fat recipe required twice as much peanut to cause 50 % inhibition . ELISA detected far lower levels of peanut in the higher fat recipe ( 220 000 parts per million ( p.p.m . ) ) than in the lower fat recipe ( 990 000 p.p.m. ) . CONCLUSION The fat content of a challenge vehicle has a profound effect on the reaction experienced after allergen ingestion . This is another factor to be considered in assessing the risk of certain foods to food-allergic consumers and adds another dimension to clinical , research and regulatory practice ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1975 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15230", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15231", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "lower fat challenge vehicle" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15232", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "lower fat recipe" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15233", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "peanut" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15234", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "doses of peanut protein on re-challenge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15235", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "RAST inhibition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15236", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "epitope recognition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15237", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "allergic reaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15238", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "six" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15239", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Peanut-allergic" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15240", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "food-allergic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1876, 1889 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15242", "type": "document", "text": [ "Remifentanil with morphine transitional analgesia shortens neurological recovery compared to fentanyl for supratentorial craniotomy . PURPOSE To compare the recovery profiles , efficacy and safety of remifentanil and morphine for transitional analgesia with fentanyl in patients undergoing elective craniotomy for supratentorial mass lesions . METHODS Ninety-one patients were enrolled in this prospective , randomized , multicentre study . Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and remifentanil ( 1.0 micro g x kg ( -1 ) bolus and a 1 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) infusion ) or fentanyl ( 1 micro g x kg ( -1 ) bolus and a 1.0 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) infusion ) . The opioid infusion continued until the level of anesthesia was deemed appropriate for intubation . Anesthesia was maintained with N ( 2 ) O/O ( 2 ) , isoflurane 0.5 MAC and remifentanil 0.2 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) or fentanyl 0.04 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) . At bone flap replacement , either morphine 0.08 mg x kg ( -1 ) ( remifentanil group ) or saline ( fentanyl group ) was given . RESULTS Systolic blood pressure was greater in those receiving fentanyl during induction ( 145.6 +/-17.5 mmHg vs 128.8 +/-18.3 mmHg ; P = 0.006 ) and intubation ( 126.9 +/-17.1 vs 110.9 +/-16.5 mmHg ; P < 0.001 ) . Median time to tracheal extubation was similar but less variable in the remifentanil group ( remifentanil = 8 min : range = 2-44 min ; fentanyl = 8 min : range = 1-732 min ) . The fentanyl patients required a longer time to achieve the first normal neurological score ( fentanyl = 38.0 min ; remifentanil = 26.0 min ; P = 0.035 ) . Both the anesthesiologists and the recovery room nurses rated remifentanil better with respect to level of consciousness . Analgesics were required earlier in patients receiving remifentanil ; median time 0.5 vs 1.08 hr , P < 0.001 . CONCLUSIONS Remifentanil is a suitable alternative to fentanyl in supratentorial craniotomy . Time to preoperative neurological recovery is faster and morphine provides some transitional analgesia without compromising the quality of recovery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2106 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15243", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15244", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "remifentanil ( 1.0 micro g x kg ( -1 ) bolus" ], "offsets": [ [ 484, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15245", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) infusion )" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15246", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fentanyl ( 1 micro g x kg ( -1 ) bolus" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15247", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1.0 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15248", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "opioid infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15249", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15250", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15251", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane 0.5 MAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15252", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "remifentanil 0.2 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15253", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fentanyl 0.04 micro g x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15254", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "At bone flap replacement" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "either morphine 0.08 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "remifentanil group )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15258", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neurological recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15259", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recovery profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15260", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15261", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15262", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15263", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Median time to tracheal extubation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15264", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to achieve the first normal neurological score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1564 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15265", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "level of consciousness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1727, 1749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15266", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Analgesics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1752, 1762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15267", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Time to preoperative neurological recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1957, 1999 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15268", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "transitional analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15269", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 2085, 2104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15270", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elective craniotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15271", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "supratentorial mass lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15272", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ninety-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15274", "type": "document", "text": [ "Measuring adherence in a hypertension clinical trial . BACKGROUND Non-adherence in hypertension is a global problem and promoting adherence is necessary to decrease cardiovascular mortality . AIMS The purpose of this paper is to examine the measurement of adherence to medication taking in hypertensive patients . Adherence was evaluated primarily by means of MEMS ( Medication Event Monitoring System , Aprex Corporation , Fremont , California ) an electronic system that records the date and time of opening of the study medication container . Additional measurements such as change in urinary potassium level , capsule count , client self report and physician estimate of adherence were recorded . METHODS A randomised clinical trial was used to assign patients to receive the study medication ( potassium ) or placebo . Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions . Frequency and percentage of responses to different measures of adherence were carried out as well as correlation between the measures . RESULTS One hundred and seven subjects between the ages of 26 and 80 participated in the clinical trial . The results showed that adherence measures varied with lowest adherence from two items of self-report related to forgetfulness ( 46 and 55 % ) and stringent electronic monitoring with the MEMS ( 58 % ) to percentages in the 80-90 range for other self-report items and the general adherence scale . Electronic monitoring correlated best with capsule count at visit 5 . Implications for health care providers are discussed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1556 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15275", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15276", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "study medication ( potassium )" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15277", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15278", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "adherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15279", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "MEMS ( Medication Event Monitoring System" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15280", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary potassium level" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15281", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "capsule count" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15282", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "client self report and physician estimate of adherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15283", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15284", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "self-report related to forgetfulness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15285", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "electronic monitoring with the MEMS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1291, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15286", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "capsule count" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15287", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15288", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15289", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred and seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15290", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "26 and 80" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15292", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of feline chlamydophilosis . The current recommended treatment for feline chlamydophilosis involves daily oral administration of antimicrobials to all cats within an affected group for a prolonged period of time ( 4-6 weeks ) . Not surprisingly , owner compliance can be poor resulting in apparent treatment failure . Recent anecdotal evidence , supported by its efficacy in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in humans , has suggested that azithromycin may offer an alternative by allowing less frequent dosing for a shorter duration . A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of chlamydia ( Chlamydophila felis ) infection in cats . Whilst azithromycin , given at 10-15 mg/kg daily for 3 days and then twice weekly , provided a similar , rapid resolution of clinical signs and negative isolation scores as doxycycline , C felis was re-isolated in four out of the five cats treated . Furthermore , even daily administration of azithromycin to chronically infected cats was ineffective in clearing infection . The azithromycin protocols used here were therefore found to be unsuccessful in eliminating the carriage of this strain of C felis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1247 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15293", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15294", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antimicrobials" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15295", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15296", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15297", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15298", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxycycline" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15299", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15300", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15301", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15302", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15303", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "similar , rapid resolution of clinical signs and negative isolation scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15304", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ineffective in clearing infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15305", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "unsuccessful in eliminating the carriage of this strain of C felis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15307", "type": "document", "text": [ "Twenty-four vs. forty-eight weeks of re-therapy with interferon alpha 2b and ribavirin in interferon alpha monotherapy relapsers with chronic hepatitis C. BACKGROUND/AIM Roughly 50 % of patients with chronic hepatitis C , who relapsed after a previous monotherapy with interferon alpha , will respond in a sustained fashion to 24 weeks of re-therapy with the combination of interferon alpha plus ribavirin . Whether prolonging treatment duration to 48 weeks will further increase sustained response rates remains ill defined . In this randomised controlled pilot trial we compared the efficacy and tolerability of a 24 week with that of a 48 week course of combination therapy with interferon alpha and ribavirin in interferon monotherapy relapsers with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS Interferon alpha monotherapy relapsers with chronic hepatitis C were randomised to receive interferon alpha 2b ( 3 x 3 MIU sc weekly ) and oral ribavirin ( 1000/1200 mg po daily ) for either 24 weeks or 48 weeks . Virological response was evaluated by HCV RNA PCR at week 10 ( initial response ) , at the end of treatment ( end of- treatment response ) and at the end of 24 weeks follow-up ( sustained response ) . Only patients with negative HCV RNA at week 10 continued treatment . Adverse events were recorded at regular intervals . RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were enrolled , 19 ( 6 females , median age 43 ) in the 24 week and 18 ( 5 females , median age 40 ) in the 48 week treatment arm . Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups . At treatment week 10 , 12/19 ( 63 % ) in the 24 week group and 14/18 ( 78 % ) patients in the 48 week group had lost HCV RNA in serum ( p = 0.33 ) . All initial responders remained HCV RNA negative throughout the treatment period . Sustained response rates were 10/19 ( 53 % ) in the 24 week group and 13/18 ( 72 % ) in the 48 week group ( p = 0.31 ) . Three patients discontinued treatment early ( two due to moderate adverse events , one due to non-compliance ) . Dose modifications were necessary in 9 patients , 4 in the 24 week and 5 in the 48 week group for anaemia , neutropenia , nausea and depression , respectively . CONCLUSION Prolonging interferon / ribavirin combination therapy in interferon alpha monotherapy relapsers with chronic hepatitis C from 24 to 48 weeks may increase sustained response rates . Larger controlled trials using pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin in relapsers with chronic hepatitis C seem warranted ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2481 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15308", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon alpha 2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15309", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ribavirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15310", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "combination of" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15311", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15312", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "plus" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15313", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ribavirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15314", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon alpha 2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15315", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral ribavirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 936 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15316", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15317", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15318", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15319", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "lost" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15320", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HCV RNA in serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HCV RNA negative" ], "offsets": [ [ 1717, 1733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15322", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Sustained response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1768, 1792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15323", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "moderate adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1946, 1969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2100, 2107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2110, 2121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15326", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 2124, 2130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15327", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 2135, 2145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15328", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sustained response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15329", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "interferon alpha monotherapy relapsers" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15330", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis C." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15331", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "interferon monotherapy relapsers" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15332", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis C." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15333", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Interferon alpha monotherapy relapsers" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15334", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis C" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15335", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "negative HCV RNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15336", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15337", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1365, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15338", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15339", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15340", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "43" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15341", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15342", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "5" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15343", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15344", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 1445, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15345", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Three" ], "offsets": [ [ 1889, 1894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15346", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "relapsers with chronic hepatitis C" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15348", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of weight reduction interventions by community pharmacists . OBJECTIVE To compare a meal replacement ( MR ) program with a conventional reduced-calorie diet ( RCD ) for weight management using the pharmacy as the setting and the pharmacist as the point of contact for dietary advice . DESIGN Randomized , controlled , open-label trial . SETTING Travis Pharmacy in Shenandoah , Iowa . PATIENTS Ninety-five patients from southwestern iowa and southeastern Nebraska were enrolled , of whom 88 were considered eligible for comparison ( by continuing through week 2 of the study ) . INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to an MR plan or a traditional RCD plan . Patients were followed for a 3-month period of active weight loss and a 10-week period of weight maintenance . Patients returned every 3 weeks for follow-up with the pharmacist , for a total of 13 visits . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Weight changes . RESULTS During the active weight loss phase , the MR ( n = 45 ) and RCD ( n = 43 ) groups lost a significant amount of weight , although no significant difference was found between the groups ( mean +/- standard error = 4.90 +/- 0.30 kg MR versus 4.30 +/- 0.30 kg RCD ; P = .16 ) . In the weight maintenance phase , the MR group lost 0.70 +/- 0.40 kg and the RCD group lost 0.90 +/- 0.40 kg ( P = .60 ) . Significant improvements were observed in waist circumference , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , and triglyceride levels . No significant changes were seen in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in either group . CONCLUSION Successful weight management can be achieved in a pharmacy setting . Both MR and RCD programs were effective ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1703 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15349", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "weight reduction interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15350", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "meal replacement ( MR ) program" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15351", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "conventional reduced-calorie diet ( RCD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15352", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "dietary advice" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15353", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "MR" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15354", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "RCD" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15355", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "MR" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15356", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "RCD" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15357", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Weight changes ." ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15358", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "significant amount of weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1035 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15359", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "waist circumference , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , and triglyceride levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15360", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1481, 1563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15361", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ninety-five" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15362", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "88" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 497 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15364", "type": "document", "text": [ "Parent-defined target symptoms respond to risperidone in RUPP autism study : customer approach to clinical trials . OBJECTIVE A consumer-oriented efficacy assessment in clinical trials should measure changes in chief complaint and consumer request ( symptoms of most concern to patient/caregiver ) , which may be diluted in change scores of multisymptom scales . METHOD In the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology ( RUPP ) Autism Network 8-week double-blind trial of risperidone versus placebo , the chief concerns of parents were collected at 0 , 4 , and 8 weeks ( endpoint ) , in addition to standardized primary measures . Blinded clinical judges rated change from baseline to 4 and 8 weeks on a 9-point scale ( 1 = normalized , 5 = unchanged , 9 = disastrous ) ; 94 participants had usable data . RESULTS The most common symptoms identified by parents were tantrums , aggression , and hyperactivity . Interrater reliability was excellent . Mean ratings at endpoint were 2.8 +/- 1.2 on risperidone and 4.5 +/- 1.3 on placebo ( p < .001 ) . Ratings were collinear with Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and Aberrant Behavior Checklist Irritability subscale ( primary dimensional measure ) . Effect size d was 1.4 , compared to 1.2 on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Irritability subscale . Effect sizes varied twofold by symptom category , largest for self-injury ( 2.11 ) and tantrums ( 1.95 ) . CONCLUSIONS Risperidone was superior to placebo in reducing symptoms of most concern to parents of autistic children with irritable behavior . Rating individualized participant-chosen target symptoms seems a reliable , sensitive , efficient , and consumer-friendly way to assess treatment effect and might have clinical application ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1747 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15365", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15367", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15368", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15369", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15370", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15371", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15372", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tantrums" ], "offsets": [ [ 871, 879 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15373", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 882, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15374", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "hyperactivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15375", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Interrater reliability" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15376", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mean ratings at endpoint" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15377", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impression-Improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1081, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15378", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist Irritability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15379", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Effect size" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15380", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15381", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Effect sizes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1307, 1319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15382", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15383", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "irritable behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15384", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "RUPP autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15385", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "94" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15386", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15387", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1522, 1530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15388", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "irritable behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1554 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15390", "type": "document", "text": [ "Removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps increases patient satisfaction after anal fissure surgery . BACKGROUND Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps are frequently found in association with chronic fissure in ano . Usually , no specific attention is given to them and they are considered normal findings . The present prospective study was aimed at determining whether removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps while dealing with chronic fissure in ano confers long-term benefit to patients . METHODS Between July 1999 and December 2000 , 140 patients undergoing anal sphincterotomy were randomized into two groups to have their fibrous polyps and hypertrophied anal papillae either removed by radiofrequency surgery or left intact . After two years , they underwent a detailed interview by an independent , masked investigator . RESULTS Overall 84 % of patients who had polyp and papilla removal rated the outcome of their surgery as excellent or good in comparison to 58 % of controls . The mean satisfaction grading was 9.2 on a visual analogue scale in the treatment group compared to 8.1 in controls ( p=0.004 ) . CONCLUSION Removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps should be an essential part of treatment of chronic fissure in ano . Persistence of these structures leaves behind a sense of incomplete treatment , reducing the overall satisfaction on the part of the patient . Radiofrequency procedure is useful in eradication of these concomitant pathologies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1547 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15391", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15392", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15393", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "radiofrequency surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15394", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "left intact" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15395", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15396", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Radiofrequency procedure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15397", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15398", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "long-term benefit" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15399", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "interview by an independent , masked investigator ." ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15400", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "visual analogue scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15401", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15402", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after anal fissure surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15404", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prophylactic effect of phenytoin in bipolar disorder : a controlled study . OBJECTIVE Phenytoin is an effective anticonvulsant that has not previously been studied prophylactically in bipolar ( BP ) patients . Thus a study of phenytoin prophylaxis was undertaken and is herein reported . METHOD Bipolar patients were studied who had at least one episode per year in the previous 2 years despite ongoing prophylaxis . Patients were stable for a mean of 4 months ( range 1-13 ) before entering the study . Phenytoin or placebo was added to their current therapy in a double-blind cross-over design for 6 months in each phase . Thirty observation periods of 6 months each were studied for 23 patients . RESULTS Three patients had relapse on phenytoin and nine had relapse on placebo . There was a significant prophylactic effect of phenytoin in BP disorder [ Cox 's F-test for comparing survival in two groups : F ( 6 , 18 ) = 3.44 , p = 0.02 ] . CONCLUSIONS This study suggests prophylactic effects of add-on phenytoin in BP illness . However , the number of patients was small and confirmation is necessary ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1107 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15405", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15406", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15407", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15408", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15409", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15410", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15411", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15412", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15413", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Prophylactic effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15414", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15415", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prophylactic effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15416", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "[ Cox 's F-test" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15417", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival in" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15418", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prophylactic effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15419", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15420", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bipolar" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15421", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15422", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Bipolar" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15423", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "had at least one episode per year" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15424", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ongoing prophylaxis" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15425", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stable for a mean of 4 months ( range 1-13 ) before entering the study" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15426", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "23" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15428", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intraperitoneal application of bupivacaine plus morphine for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Intraperitoneal administration of a local anaesthetic in combination with an opioid , for the relief of postoperative pain , has already been reported except after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . This study was aimed at assessing the analgesic effect of the intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine and morphine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy . METHODS At the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy , in a double-blind , randomized manner , one of the following injections was given intraperitoneally . There were 30 patients in each group : Group 1 , physiological saline 30 mL ; Group 2 , bupivacaine 0.25 % 30 mL ; Group 3 , bupivacaine 0.25 % 30 mL plus morphine 2 mg . In addition , Group 2 received 2 mg intravenous ( i.v . ) morphine in 2 mL saline , and Groups 1 and 3 , 2 mL saline intravenously . Patients ' postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating score . The postoperative analgesic requirement was assessed by the total dose of metamizol administered by an i.v . patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) device . Pain , vital signs , supplemental analgesic consumption and side-effects were recorded for all patients for 24 h. RESULTS There were no differences between the three groups regarding pain scores ( at rest and coughing ) during the study except in the first 2 h , when scores were lower for patients receiving intraperitoneal bupivacaine plus i.v . morphine ( P < 0.05 ) . Supplemental consumption of metamizol was significantly lower ( P < 0.05 ) in Group 3 than in Group 1 during the first 6 h after surgery . However , the cumulative doses of metamizol were also lower in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 over the entire study ( 2025 +/- 1044 mg vs. 4925 +/- 1238 and 4125 +/- 1276mg ; P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy , the intraperitoneal administration of morphine plus bupivacaine 0.25 % reduced the analgesic requirements during the first 6 postoperative hours compared with the control group . However , the combination of intraperitoneal bupivacaine 0.25 % and i.v . morphine was more effective for treatment of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2325 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15429", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15430", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15431", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15432", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15433", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "physiological saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15434", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15435", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15436", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "plus morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15437", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15438", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15439", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15441", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15442", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15443", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15444", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15445", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15446", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15447", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15448", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "visual analogue scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15449", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "verbal rating score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15450", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1175, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15451", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15452", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vital signs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15453", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "supplemental analgesic consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15454", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15455", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15456", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Supplemental consumption of metamizol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15457", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cumulative doses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1746, 1762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15458", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesic requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 2069, 2091 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15459", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15460", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "laparoscopic cholecystectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15461", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15463", "type": "document", "text": [ "Can acupuncture ease the symptoms of menopause ? In a randomized , 2-group clinical study , acupuncture was used for the relief of menopausal hot flushes , sleep disturbances , and mood changes . The experimental acupuncture treatment consisted of specific acupuncture body points related to menopausal symptoms . The comparison acupuncture treatment consisted of a treatment designated as a general tonic specifically designed to benefit the flow of Ch'i ( energy ) . Results from the experimental acupuncture treatment group showed a decrease in mean monthly hot flush severity for site-specific acupuncture . The comparison acupuncture treatment group had no significant change in severity from baseline over the treatment phase . Sleep disturbances in the experimental acupuncture treatment group declined over the study . Mood changes in both the experimental acupuncture treatment group and the comparison acupuncture treatment group showed a significant difference between the baseline and the third month of the study . Acupuncture using menopausal-specific sites holds promise for nonhormonal relief of hot flushes and sleep disturbances ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1148 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15464", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15465", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15466", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15467", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15468", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15469", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15470", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15471", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15472", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15473", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15474", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptoms of menopause" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15475", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "menopausal hot flushes" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15476", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15477", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mood changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15478", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "menopausal symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15479", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean monthly hot flush severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15480", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "change in severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15481", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15482", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Mood changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15483", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "relief of" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15484", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hot flushes" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15485", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15486", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15487", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "menopause" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15488", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "menopausal hot flushes" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15489", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15490", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mood changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15492", "type": "document", "text": [ "Future therapeutic directions for factor Xa inhibition in the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic disorders . The targeted mechanism of factor Xa inhibition has been studied extensively , initially as prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) in the orthopedic surgical setting . Future therapeutic directions for selective factor Xa inhibition in the management of other thrombotic diseases are discussed . Thromboembolic diseases can occur in the venous or arterial sides of the circulatory system . Factor Xa inhibition is a targeted approach to anticoagulation that resulted from significant advances in our understanding of the coagulation cascade . The factor Xa inhibitor fondaparinux has been studied extensively in the orthopedic surgical setting for the prophylaxis of VTE . Current investigations that are under way or completed evaluate the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the management of various thrombotic diseases . The future development of fondaparinux resides primarily in three therapeutic areas : prevention of VTE , treatment of VTE , and treatment of acute coronary syndromes . For the prevention of VTE , fondaparinux has been studied as extended prophylaxis following hip fracture surgery ( PENTHIFRA Plus ) , for use in high-risk abdominal surgical patients ( PEGASUS and APOLLO ) , and for use in medical patients ( ARTEMIS ) . Studies evaluating fondaparinux for the treatment of VTE are part of the large MATISSE clinical program ( MATISSE DVT and MATISSE PE ) . Fondaparinux was investigated in phase 2 studies for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes , including acute ST-segment myocardial infarction ( PENTALYSE ) and unstable angina ( PENTUA ) . Encouraging data from these trials are the basis for phase 3 programs in this area ( MICHELANGELO ) . The orthopedic prophylactic and nonorthopedic clinical programs for fondaparinux in the management of thrombosis support the concept that targeted inhibition of coagulation is an effective advance in antithrombotic therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2029 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15493", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "factor Xa inhibitor fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15494", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15495", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15496", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fondaparinux" ], "offsets": [ [ 1510, 1522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15497", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15498", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute coronary syndromes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15499", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute ST-segment myocardial infarction ( PENTALYSE ) and unstable angina ( PENTUA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1617, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15500", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "targeted inhibition of coagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1943, 1977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15501", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "thrombotic disorders ." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15502", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism ( VTE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15503", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute coronary syndromes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15505", "type": "document", "text": [ "Extracorporeal shock wave therapy ( ESWT ) in patients with chronic proximal plantar fasciitis : a 2-year follow-up . The aim of this study was to compare the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy ( ESWT ) in patients with chronically painful proximal plantar fasciitis with a further conventional conservative treatment . Forty-seven patients ( 49 feet ) with a previously unsuccessful nonsurgical treatment of at least 6 months were randomized to two groups . Heel cups had to be worn throughout the study . Group 1 ( 25 heels ) was treated immediately with three sessions of ESWT ( 3000 shock waves/session of 0.2 mJ/mm2 ) at weekly intervals . The patients of group 2 ( 24 heels ) continued nonsurgical treatment ( iontophoresis with diclofenac and an oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ) for 12 weeks . After this period they were treated using the protocol of group 1 . No significant difference of pain and walking time after further nonsurgical treatment ( 3 months ) was seen in group 2 . At 12 weeks after ESWT , the pain estimation on the visual analogue scale ( VAS ) for activities of daily living diminished significantly by 62.9 % in group 1 and by 63.0 % in group 2 . The comfortable walking time had increased significantly in both groups . Two years after ESWT , pain during activities of daily living decreased by 94 % in group 1 and by 90 % in group 2 on the VAS and the comfortable walking time had increased significantly in both groups ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1472 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15506", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Extracorporeal shock wave therapy ( ESWT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15507", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "extracorporeal shock wave therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15508", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Heel cups" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15509", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ESWT ( 3000 shock waves/session of 0.2 mJ/mm2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15510", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "nonsurgical treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15511", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "(" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15512", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "iontophoresis with diclofenac" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 754 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15513", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "and an" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15514", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15515", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15516", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain and walking time" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15517", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain estimation on the visual analogue scale ( VAS ) for activities of daily living" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15518", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "comfortable walking time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15519", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain during activities of daily living" ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15520", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "comfortable walking time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15521", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with chronic proximal plantar fasciitis :" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15522", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronically painful proximal plantar fasciitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15523", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Forty-seven patients ( 49 feet ) with a previously unsuccessful nonsurgical treatment of at least 6 months were randomized to two groups ." ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15525", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intraperitoneal cisplatin versus no further treatment : 8-year results of EORTC 55875 , a randomized phase III study in ovarian cancer patients with a pathologically complete remission after platinum-based intravenous chemotherapy . First-line intravenous chemotherapy ( CT ) following debulking surgery is associated with prolonged survival , in particular in patients who achieve a pathological complete remission ( pCR ) at second-look surgery but in whom a high rate of relapses still occurs . Between 1988 and 1997 , 153 patients in pCR following platinum-based intravenous CT were randomized between four courses of intraperitoneal cisplatin ( P ) ( 90 mg/m2 every 3 weeks ) or observation . Overall survival ( OS ) was the primary endpoint , while progression-free survival ( PFS ) was a secondary endpoint . This intent-to-treat analysis includes 16 patients who were not eligible and 17 patients who had protocol violations . The two groups were well balanced in terms of age ( median = 55 years ) , performance status ( 78 % P.S . O ) , FIGO stage ( 96 % stage III ) , histology ( serous in 66 % ) , grade ( 2 or 3 in 80 % ) , and residuum before intravenous CT ( > 1 cm in 40 % ) . Intraperitoneal CT was delivered mainly through intraperitoneal catheters ( Port-a-Cath 61 % and Tenckhoff 25 % ) . Side effects of intraperitoneal cisplatin included vomiting [ > or =grade 2 ( 82 % ) ] , rise in serum creatinine [ > or =grade 2 ( 14 % ) ] , abdominal pain [ grade 1-2 ( 38 % ) ] , and neurotoxicity [ grade 2-3 ( 15 % ) ] . After a median follow-up of 8 years , 80 patients ( 52 % ) have progressed with no difference in the pattern of relapse between the two groups and 75 patients ( 49 % ) have died ; the respective hazard ratios for PFS and OS with 95 % CI are 0.89 ( 0.59-1.33 ) and 0.82 ( 0.52-1.29 ) . These results are suggestive of a treatment benefit but do not support a change in clinical practice . Other randomized clinical trials of intraperitoneal CT are reviewed and briefly discussed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2014 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15526", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intraperitoneal cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15527", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "platinum-based intravenous chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15528", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "First-line intravenous chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15529", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "platinum-based intravenous CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15530", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "four courses of intraperitoneal cisplatin ( P ) ( 90 mg/m2 every 3 weeks )" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15531", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "observation" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15532", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intraperitoneal CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1193, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15533", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intraperitoneal cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15534", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "prolonged survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15535", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Overall survival ( OS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15536", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15537", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "rise in serum creatinine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15538", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "abdominal pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15539", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neurotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15540", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "pattern of relapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1636, 1654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15541", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1708, 1712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15542", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ovarian cancer patients with a pathologically complete remission after platinum-based intravenous chemotherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15544", "type": "document", "text": [ "Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing regimens are associated with increased satisfaction with sexual life ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 127 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15545", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing regimens" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15546", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "satisfaction with sexual life" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15548", "type": "document", "text": [ "Identification , course , and treatment of depression after admission for a cardiac condition : rationale and patient characteristics for the Identifying Depression As a Comorbid Condition ( IDACC ) project . BACKGROUND Given the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and the high rates of depression among cardiac patients , there is a need to develop practical ways to identify this population and provide pragmatic general-practitioner-based interventions for managing depression as a comorbid condition . METHOD The Identifying Depression As a Comorbid Condition ( IDACC ) study employed a hybrid design , incorporating a randomized controlled trial nested within a prospective cohort study . IDACC screened for depression in patients hospitalized in South Australia for a range of cardiac conditions , with outcome measures monitored for 12 months after discharge . The subgroup identified as depressed was entered into the nested IDACC trial , which tests the hypothesis that identifying depression and offering an evidence-based intervention to general practitioners , incorporating multidisciplinary telephone case conferencing , will reduce levels of depression , improve quality of life , and reduce associated economic costs . RESULTS At baseline , 46.3 % of 1455 participants screened were classified as depression cases on the basis of their score on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale ( > or =16 ) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( > or =8 ) . Elevated scores were associated with being younger , female , divorced or separated , not employed , living alone , having a lower level of education , and having poorer health and quality of life . Nearly one fifth ( 19.4 % ) of participants had Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores > 27 , which is indicative of major depression . CONCLUSIONS This project confirms , in an Australian setting , the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among hospitalized cardiac patients . Follow-up over 12 months will enhance understanding of the natural history of depression in cardiac patients , while the nested trial will inform on effectiveness of an intervention involving tailored advice and support to general practitioners ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2236 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15549", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "general-practitioner-based interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15550", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "identifying depression and offering an evidence-based intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15551", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "multidisciplinary telephone case conferencing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15552", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15553", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "economic costs ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15554", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15555", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15556", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1439, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15557", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores > 27" ], "offsets": [ [ 1738, 1801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15558", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1932, 1951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15559", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "depression after admission for a cardiac condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15560", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1455" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1273 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15562", "type": "document", "text": [ "Early reperfusion and late clinical outcomes in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction randomly assigned to primary percutaneous coronary intervention or streptokinase . BACKGROUND Primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) has become an alternative to thrombolytic therapy as a reperfusion strategy for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) . METHODS The main goal of this study was to determine whether PCI and thrombolytic therapy achieve comparable reperfusion rates , as evidenced by ST-segment resolution . Secondary end points included infarct vessel patency rates before hospital discharge and short- and long-term outcomes . Patients with ischemic chest pain with duration < or =12 hours and no contraindication for thrombolytic therapy were included . RESULTS Between October 1993 and August 1995 , 58 patients were randomly assigned to streptokinase ( SK ) and 54 patients to primary PCI . Baseline clinical characteristics and infarct location were well balanced in both groups . Median age ( interquartile range ) was 68 ( 58 , 75 ) years , 29 % were women , and 78 % of the patients met at least one criterion for \" not low risk \" AMI ( anterior location , age > 70 years old , previous MI , systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg , and/or heart rate > 100 bpm ) . The median time from symptom onset to random assignment was 217 ( 139 , 335 ) minutes in the PCI group and 210 ( 145 , 334 ) minutes in the SK group . Median random assignment to balloon time was 82 ( 55 , 100 ) minutes , and median random assignment to needle time was 15 ( 10 , 26 ) minutes ( P < .0001 ) . TIMI grade 3 flow after primary PCI was obtained in 85 % of patients . The proportion of patients with ST-segment resolution > or =50 % at 120 minutes was 80 % in the PCI group and 50 % in the SK group ( P =.001 ) . The predischarge angiogram showed the presence of TIMI 3 flow in 96 % of patients who received PCI and 65 % of patients who received SK ( P < .001 ) . A composite of in-hospital death , reinfarction , severe heart failure , stroke , and major bleeding occurred in 15 % of patients who received PCI and 21 % of patients who received SK ( P =.4 ) . At 3 years , freedom from the composite end point of AMI , postdischarge revascularization , and death was 61 % in the PCI group and 40 % in the SK group ( P =.025 ) . CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that primary PCI , as compared with SK , is associated with more effective ST-segment resolution , higher patency rates in the infarct vessel at 7 days , and more favorable clinical outcomes at 3 years of follow-up ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2593 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15563", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "primary percutaneous coronary intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15564", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "streptokinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15565", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15566", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thrombolytic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15567", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15568", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thrombolytic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15569", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "streptokinase ( SK )" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15570", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "primary PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15571", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15572", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SK" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15573", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "infarct vessel patency rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15574", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15575", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median time from symptom onset" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15576", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "balloon time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1488, 1500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15577", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "needle time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1563, 1574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15578", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TIMI grade 3 flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1618, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15579", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ST-segment resolution" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15580", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "presence of TIMI 3 flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1872, 1895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15581", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "in-hospital death" ], "offsets": [ [ 2000, 2017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15582", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reinfarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 2020, 2032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15583", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2035, 2055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15584", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 2058, 2064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15585", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "major bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 2071, 2085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15586", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "composite end point of AMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 2211, 2237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15587", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postdischarge revascularization" ], "offsets": [ [ 2240, 2271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15588", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ST-segment resolution" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15589", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patency rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15590", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15591", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15592", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ischemic chest pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15593", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "58" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15594", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "54" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 907 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15595", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "68" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15596", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15597", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "> 70 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15599", "type": "document", "text": [ "Determination of vital status at the end of the DIG trial . The Digitalis Investigation Group ( DIG ) trial was a randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled trial whose primary objective was to determine whether digoxin had beneficial , harmful , or no effect on total mortality in patients with heart failure who were in sinus rhythm and whose ejection fraction was < /=0.45 . The study was designed as a large simple trial with a large number of centers ( 302 ) in the United States and Canada , many of which were inexperienced in research . To ensure that the results of the trial would be reported accurately without possible bias due to missing data , the study leadership decided that no outcome results would be reported until the vital status at the end of the study was known for at least 97 % of the study participants . Planning for closeout of the study began a year prior to the common end date of December 31 , 1995 and included plans for obtaining vital status on December 31 , 1995 . Participants were given postcards at their final study visit to be completed and mailed on or after January 1 , 1996 . Of 5602 postcards distributed , 5070 ( 90.5 % ) were completed and returned . A contract search agency was hired to locate the remaining participants . Of the total 7788 participants entered into the DIG trial , only 97 participants ( 1.2 % ) could not have their vital status as of December 31 , 1995 determined . It is recommended that investigators having an outcome measure with a common end date include plans in their protocols for obtaining their measures and activate those plans as early as possible during the course of the study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1663 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15600", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15601", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15602", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "given postcards at their final study visit to be completed and mailed on or after January 1 , 1996" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15603", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vital status" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15604", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with heart failure who were in sinus rhythm and whose ejection fraction was < /=0.45 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15605", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "a large number of centers ( 302 ) in the United States and Canada , many of which were inexperienced in research ." ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 546 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15607", "type": "document", "text": [ "Bupropion SR and counseling for smoking cessation in actual practice : predictors of outcome . To date , only one study has been published on individual characteristics associated with outcome following standard treatment with bupropion SR for smoking cessation . To investigate treatment outcome beyond the 6-week end-of-treatment point , the present study examined characteristics associated with more clinically relevant smoking endpoints following treatment with bupropion SR in a large health care system . A total of 1,524 smokers ( 649 men and 875 women ) of average age 45.1 years were randomized to receive one of four combinations of bupropion SR ( 150 or 300 mg ) and behavioral counseling ( tailored mailings or proactive telephone counseling ) and assessed for point-prevalent smoking status at 3 and 12 months . Multiple logistic regression analyses of potential risk factors for 12-month point-prevalent smoking and for persistent smoking ( point-prevalent smoking at both follow-ups ) following treatment were conducted for men and women combined and separately . Risk factors for smoking at both endpoints in the combined sample included treatment with tailored mailings , female gender , younger age , higher levels of tobacco dependence , shorter previous quit attempts , previous use of nicotine replacement therapy , and report of current depressive symptoms or lifetime depression . Risk factors for smoking following treatment identified in women only included treatment with the lower dose of bupropion SR , younger age , and higher perceived stress , whereas those that were unique to men included the presence of lifetime depression . The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the need for more effective treatments in general , and the role of individual differences in the likelihood of returning to smoking following treatment for quitting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1889 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15608", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bupropion SR" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15609", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "counseling for smoking" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15610", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "standard treatment with bupropion SR" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15611", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupropion SR" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15612", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupropion SR" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15613", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "behavioral counseling ( tailored mailings or proactive telephone counseling )" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15614", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupropion SR" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15615", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "need for more effective treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 1726, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15616", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "likelihood of returning to smoking following treatment for" ], "offsets": [ [ 1820, 1878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15617", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "smoking cessation" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15618", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1,524 smokers" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15619", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "649 men" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15620", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "875 women" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15621", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "average age 45.1 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15623", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of a carbohydrate-protein supplement on endurance performance during exercise of varying intensity . Increasing the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during prolonged variable intensity exercise by supplementing with carbohydrate has been found to spare muscle glycogen and increase aerobic endurance . Furthermore , the addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement will enhance the insulin response of a carbohydrate supplement . The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of a carbohydrate and a carbohydrate-protein supplement on aerobic endurance performance . Nine trained cyclists exercised on 3 separate occasions at intensities that varied between 45 % and 75 % VO2max for 3 h and then at 85 % VO2max until fatigued . Supplements ( 200 ml ) were provided every 20 min and consisted of placebo , a 7.75 % carbohydrate solution , and a 7.75 % carbohydrate/1.94 % protein solution . Treatments were administered using a double-blind randomized design . Carbohydrate supplementation significantly increased time to exhaustion ( carbohydrate 19.7 +/- 4.6 min vs. placebo 12.7 +/- 3.1 min ) , while the addition of protein enhanced the effect of the carbohydrate supplement ( carbohydrate-protein 26.9 +/- 4.5 min , p < .05 ) . Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were elevated above placebo during carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplementation , but no differences were found between the carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein treatments . In summary , we found that the addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement enhanced aerobic endurance performance above that which occurred with carbohydrate alone , but the reason for this improvement in performance was not evident ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1729 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15624", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate-protein supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15625", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "protein to a carbohydrate supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15626", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15627", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate-protein supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15628", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate/1.94" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15631", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "protein solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15632", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15633", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate-protein supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1358, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15634", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate-protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15635", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15636", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endurance performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15637", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic endurance" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15638", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic endurance performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15639", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to exhaustion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15640", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15641", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic endurance performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15642", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Nine trained cyclists" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15644", "type": "document", "text": [ "The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for respiratory allergy is not affected by different dosage regimens in the induction phase . BACKGROUND Sublingual administration of allergens is a safe and effective alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy in patients with respiratory allergies . A drawback to this therapeutic approach is the relatively long and complex management of the induction phase . AIM OF THE STUDY To determine whether different induction regimens affect the outcome of sublingual immunotherapy . METHODS AND RESULTS Adult and pediatric patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma were included in the study . Ten subjects served as controls and received symptomatic treatments . Forty-three subjects were allocated to sublingual immunotherapy , with three different induction protocols ( 8- , 15- and 20-day , respectively ) . Symptom and medication scores , skin test results and ( in asthmatic patients ) FEV1 values were monitored for two years . Adverse effects were recorded . All induction regimens produced a significant improvement in symptom and medication usage ( p < 0.0001 ) ; skin test scores decreased ( p < 0.0001 ) and FEV1 improved ( p < 0.05 ) . In contrast , symptom and skin test scores did not significantly change in controls . No relevant adverse effects were observed with any of the induction regimens . CONCLUSIONS For patients with respiratory allergies , sublingual immunotherapy with an 8-day induction protocol is safe and effective . Our results encourage the usage of shorter induction regimens , which produce better compliance with this therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1616 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15645", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sublingual immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15646", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sublingual administration of allergens" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15647", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sublingual immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15648", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "symptomatic treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15649", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sublingual immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15650", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sublingual immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15651", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Symptom and medication scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15652", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "skin test results" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15653", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "( in asthmatic patients ) FEV1 values" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15654", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15655", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "significant improvement in symptom and medication usage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15656", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "skin test scores decreased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15657", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "FEV1 improved" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15658", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptom and skin test scores did not" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15659", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15660", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15661", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with respiratory allergies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15662", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Adult and pediatric patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma were included in the study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15664", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of m-chlorophenylpiperazine on plasma homovanillic acid concentrations in healthy subjects . In view of the abundant anatomical and functional interactions between serotonin and dopamine systems , this study examined the effect of the serotonin agonist , m-chlorophenylpiperazine ( mCPP ) on plasma concentrations of the dopamine metabolite , homovanillic acid . Plasma prolactin levels , body temperature , and mCPP blood level were also measured . mCPP ( 0.35 mg/kg ) and placebo were administered orally to 10 healthy men in a randomized double-blind design . Variables were measured for 210 min after administration of capsules . mCPP raised prolactin and temperature as compared to placebo , but did not affect plasma homovanillic acid concentrations . Results suggest that mCPP does not alter dopamine function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 825 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15665", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "m-chlorophenylpiperazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15666", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "m-chlorophenylpiperazine ( mCPP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15667", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mCPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15668", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15669", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "mCPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15670", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mCPP does not alter dopamine function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15671", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy subjects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15673", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical and radiographic evaluation of guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of class II furcation defects . A randomized clinical trial . PURPOSE To evaluate the treatment outcomes after guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) with a bioabsorbable membrane in Class II furcation defects in mandibular molars . The open flap debridement ( OFD ) was used as the control . METHODS Nine patients , with two comparable Class II furcation defects were included in the study . After initial preparation , the defects were randomly assigned in each patient to either GTR-group or OFD-group . Clinical parameters and standardized radiographs were obtained at baseline and 6 months after the surgeries . The radiographs were analyzed by subtraction radiography . RESULTS Comparing baseline to 6-month results , both groups showed statistically significant probing depth reduction ( PD ) , horizontal clinical attachment level ( CAL-h ) gain , and increase in gingival recession ( GR ) . The vertical clinical attachment level ( CAL-v ) gain was statistically significant only for the OFD-group . Comparing the two treatments , no statistically significant differences were found in PD reduction ( GTR : 1.67 mm ; OFD : 2.51 mm , P = 0.26 ) , CAL-v gain ( GTR : 0.62 mm ; OFD : 1.16 mm , P= 0.37 ) , and GR increase ( GTR : 1.04 mm ; OFD : 1.24 mm , P = 0.31 ) . GTR provided complete closure of the furcation defect in two sites and superior horizontal clinical attachment level gain ( GTR : 2.27 mm ; OFD : 1.01 mm , P = 0.05 ) . Subtraction radiography showed significant difference in bone height change between GTR-group and OFD-group ( -0.14 mm and 0.86 mm , respectively ; P = 0.028 ) at 6 months ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1697 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15674", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "guided tissue regeneration ( GTR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15675", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "GTR-group" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15676", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "OFD-group" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15677", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiographs" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15678", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "GTR" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15679", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "probing depth reduction ( PD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 879 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15680", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "horizontal clinical attachment level ( CAL-h ) gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 882, 933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15681", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in gingival recession ( GR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15682", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vertical clinical attachment level ( CAL-v ) gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 1033 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15683", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PD reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1175, 1187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15684", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CAL-v gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15685", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GR increase" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15686", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "closure of the furcation defect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1377, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15687", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "superior horizontal clinical attachment level gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15688", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "class II furcation defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15689", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15690", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Class II furcation defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15691", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GTR-group or OFD-group" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15693", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prediction of the response to citalopram and reboxetine in post-stroke depressed patients . RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Depression is a significant complication of stroke . The effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in the management of post-stroke depression ( PSD ) has been widely investigated . However , the choice of antidepressant drug is critically influenced by its safety and tolerability and by its effect on concurrent pathologies . Here we investigate the efficacy and safety of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) , citalopram , and a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor ( NARI ) , reboxetine , in post-stroke patients affected by anxious depression or retarded depression . METHODS This was a randomized double-blind study . Seventy-four post-stroke depressed patients were diagnosed as affected by anxious or retarded depression by using a synoptic table . Randomisation was planned so that 50 % of the patients in each subgroup were assigned for 16 weeks to treatment with citalopram and the remaining 50 % were assigned to treatment with reboxetine . The Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) , the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS ) and a synoptic table were used to score depressive symptoms . RESULTS Both citalopram and reboxetine showed good safety and tolerability . Citalopram exhibited greater efficacy in anxious depressed patients , while reboxetine was more effective in retarded depressed patients . CONCLUSIONS Citalopram or other SSRIs and reboxetine may be of first choice treatment in PSD because of their good efficacy and lack of severe side effects . In addition , PSD patients should be classified according to their clinical profile ( similarly to patients affected by primary depression ) for the selection of SSRIs or reboxetine as drugs of choice in particular subgroups of patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1835 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15694", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "citalopram and reboxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15695", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) , citalopram , and a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor ( NARI ) , reboxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15696", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "citalopram" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15697", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "reboxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15698", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "citalopram" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15699", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "reboxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15700", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "reboxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15701", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Citalopram" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15702", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "reboxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15703", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15704", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15705", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) , the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15706", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depressive symptoms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15707", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15708", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15709", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "greater efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1321, 1337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15710", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "efficacy and lack of severe side effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15711", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "post-stroke depressed patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15712", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anxious depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15713", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "retarded depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15714", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seventy-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15715", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "post-stroke depressed" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15716", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PSD" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15718", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Combined preoperative xeloda and radiotherapy for lower rectal cancer ] . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of combined preoperative xeloda and pelvic radiotherapy on locally advanced lower rectal cancer . METHODS Sixty lower rectal cancer patients were divided randomly into two groups . 30 patients ( Group A ) were treated with operation alone and 30 patients ( Group B ) were treated with xeloda and radiotherapy before operation . RESULTS The operative resection , anal preservation and local recurrence rates were 86.66 % , 33.33 % , 15.38 % in group A and 100 % , 83.33 % , 0 % in group B ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Combined preoperative xeloda and radiotherapy for lower rectal cancer is able to significantly improve the operative resection , anal preservation and decrease the local recurrence rates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 824 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15719", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "preoperative xeloda" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15720", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15721", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined preoperative xeloda and pelvic radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15722", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "operation alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15723", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "xeloda and radiotherapy before operation" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15724", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Combined preoperative xeloda and radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15725", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative resection ," ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anal preservation" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15727", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "and local recurrence rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15728", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "lower rectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15729", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "locally advanced lower rectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15730", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15731", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15733", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of use of pyridostigmine and requirement of vecuronium in patients with myasthenia gravis . CONTEXT Patients with myasthenia gravis receive pyridostigmine , an anticholinesterase agent , as a part of therapy . These patients demonstrate a heightened sensitivity towards non-depolarising muscle relaxants . Continuing pyridostigmine till the day of the surgery or omitting it on the night before surgery could provide variable results with regards to the effect of vecuronium . AIMS Myographic evaluation of a dose of vecuronium in patients with myasthenia gravis on pyridostigmine therapy . SETTING AND DESIGN A randomised , double-blind , clinical study conducted in a teaching hospital . SUBJECTS AND METHODS Medically ( oral pyridostigmine ) well-controlled adult patients with myasthenia gravis who were posted for thymectomy , were randomly divided into two groups . Patients in Group 1 received their last dose of pyridostigmine on the night before surgery while those in Group 2 received even the morning dose of the drug on the day of surgery . Neostigmine ( 1-2 mg ) intravenously was used as rescue medication . Vecuronium ( 0.01 mg/kg ) was used for intubation and muscle relaxation during trans-sternal thymectomy and its effect was reversed using neostigmine and atropine . RESULTS Fourteen patients ( 7 in each group ) belonging to both sexes were enrolled in the study . The intubating dose of vecuronium showed quicker onset time ( 155 sec or 2.7 min approx . ) and peak effect ( 99 % T1 suppression ) in patients belonging to Group 1 , and 3/7 ( 43 % ) complained of respiratory discomfort while waiting for surgery . By giving the morning dose of pyridostigmine ( Group 2 ) , an identical intubating dose of vecuronium showed relative resistance ( peak effect-97 % T1 suppression ) and delayed onset time ( 198 sec approx. ) . However , the reversal was complete at the end of surgery in both the regimens . CONCLUSIONS Omission of the pyridostigmine dose on the day of surgery predisposed patients with myasthenia gravis to the possibility of respiratory discomfort and sensitivity to vecuronium . Continued administration significantly prolonged the onset time of vecuronium and the patients required a higher dose of vecuronium ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2261 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15734", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15735", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vecuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15736", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15737", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anticholinesterase agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15738", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vecuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "( oral pyridostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15741", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "thymectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Neostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15744", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Vecuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15745", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "trans-sternal thymectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1212, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15746", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15747", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vecuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15748", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15749", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vecuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15750", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vecuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15751", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vecuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15752", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "onset time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1446, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15753", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1493, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15754", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relative resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1755, 1774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15755", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "delayed onset time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1815, 1833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15756", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with myasthenia gravis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15758", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized Phase II trial assessing estramustine and vinblastine combination chemotherapy vs estramustine alone in patients with progressive hormone-escaped metastatic prostate cancer . Based on the results of combined data from three North American Phase II studies , a randomised Phase II study in the same patient population was performed , using combination chemotherapy with estramustine phosphate ( EMP ) and vinblastine ( VBL ) in hormone refractory prostate cancer patients . In all , 92 patients were randomised into a Phase II study of oral EMP ( 10 mg kg day continuously ) or oral EMP in combination with intravenous VBL ( 4 mg m ( 2 ) week for 6 weeks , followed by 2 weeks rest ) . The end points were toxicity and PSA response in both groups , with the option to continue the trial as a Phase III study with time to progression and survival as end points , if sufficient responses were observed . Toxicity was unexpectedly high in both treatment arms and led to treatment withdrawal or refusal in 49 % of all patients , predominantly already during the first treatment cycle . The mean treatment duration was 10 and 14 weeks , median time to PSA progression was 27.2 and 30.8 weeks , median survival time was 44 and 50.9 weeks , and PSA response rate was only 24.6 and 28.9 % in the EMP/VBL and EMP arms , respectively . There was no correlation between PSA response and survival . While the PSA response in the patients tested was less than half that recorded in the North American studies , the toxicity of EMP monotherapy or in combination with VBL was much higher than expected . Further research on more effective and less toxic treatment strategies for hormone refractory prostate cancer is mandatory ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1723 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15759", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estramustine and vinblastine combination chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15760", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estramustine alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy with estramustine phosphate ( EMP ) and vinblastine ( VBL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15762", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral EMP ( 10 mg kg day continuously ) or oral EMP in combination with intravenous VBL" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15763", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EMP/VBL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15764", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15765", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15766", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "VBL" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15767", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15768", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PSA response" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15769", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15770", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15771", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15772", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean treatment duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15773", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median time to PSA progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15774", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median survival time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1199, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PSA response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15776", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PSA response" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15777", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15778", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PSA response" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15779", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity of EMP monotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1512, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15780", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1624, 1633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15781", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxic" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15782", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "progressive hormone-escaped metastatic prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15783", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "92" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 495 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15785", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of low and high doses of atorvastatin on arterial compliance . At the beginning of atherosclerosis before evidence of morphological lesions or plaques , vascular distensibility or arterial compliance decreased gradually . This endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an early feature of atherosclerosis . In a randomized , double-blind study design , group 1 ( 12 patients ; 7 males , 5 females ) with serum LDL-C levels higher than 170 mg/dL and without any other risk factor for atherosclerosis received three months of 20 mg/day atorvastatin treatment while group 11 ( 8 males , 4 females ) with the same characteristics received 80 mg/day . Baseline and posttreatment serum lipid fractions and arterial compliance were measured . Arterial compliance was measured noninvasively in the left common carotid artery with color Doppler ultrasound . Atorvastatin reduced total cholesterol ( TC ) , LDL-C , and triglyceride levels by 32 % ( P < 0.001 ) , 40.8 % ( P < 0.001 ) , and 19 % ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively , and increased HDL-C by 6.9 % , ( P = 0.002 ) in the first group . In the second group these reductions were 38.5 % ( P < 0.001 ) , 46.2 % ( P < 0.001 ) , and 26.78 % ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively , and the increase in HDL was 7.8 % ( P = 0.03 ) . It was observed that the decrease in serum TC , LDL-C and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the second group than the first group . With atorvastatin , the distensibility coefficient ( DC ) and compliance coefficient ( CC ) increased from 18.7 +/- 3.4 to 21.3 +/- 2.9 10 ( -3 ) x kPa ( -1 ) ( P < 0.001 ) and from 0.69 +/- 0.05 to 0.77 +/- 0.03 mm2 x kPa ( -1 ) ( P < 0.001 ) in the first group while they changed from 18.3 +/- 3.6 to 21.9 +/- 3.0 10 ( -3 ) x kPa ( -1 ) ( P < 0.001 ) and from 0.70 +/- 0.04 to 0.81 +/- 0.01 mm2 x kPa ( -1 ) ( P < 0.001 ) respectively , in the second group . DC and CC increased in both groups , but the differences between the groups were not significant . High doses of atorvastatin reduce blood lipid levels more than conventional doses , however , the change in compliance is not dose-dependent . As endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an early feature of atherosclerosis , there would be no need to administer aggressive doses in a patient without any risk factors other than hyperlipidemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2316 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15786", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15787", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atorvastatin treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15788", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15789", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15790", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15791", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morphological lesions or plaques" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15792", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vascular distensibility" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15793", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arterial compliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15794", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum LDL-C levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15795", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum lipid fractions" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15796", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arterial compliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15797", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Arterial compliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15798", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduced total cholesterol ( TC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15799", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-C" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15800", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglyceride levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15801", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased HDL-C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15802", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in HDL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15803", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decrease in serum TC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1292, 1312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15804", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-C" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15805", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglyceride levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15806", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "distensibility coefficient ( DC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15807", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "compliance coefficient ( CC ) increased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1476, 1515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15808", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "DC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15809", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "CC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1501, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15810", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduce blood lipid levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 2001, 2026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15811", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "12" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15812", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "7 males" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15813", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "5 females" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15814", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "serum LDL-C levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15815", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15816", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "8 males" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15817", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "4 females" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15819", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intervention in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder : the role of parents and teachers . BACKGROUND Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder ( DCD ) are a heterogeneous group who have a marked impairment in the performance of functional skills . Provision for these children is usually made via a paediatrician through occupational or physiotherapy though , with a prevalence rate of 5 % , regular provision is not possible due to limited professional resources . AIMS The study aimed to determine the extent to which parents and teachers , with guidance , can assist in the management of children with DCD ; whether children with DCD are helped in this way and how this may contribute to our understanding of the condition . SAMPLE Thirty-one children with DCD aged 7 to 9 years participated in the study . METHODS Following assessment , individual profiles were developed and each week teachers and parents were given guidelines for working with the children and each child had three to four sessions a week lasting approximately for 20 minutes . In Phase 1 , one group of children worked with teachers and the other group worked with parents . In Phase 2 , the two groups of children swapped over . The children were assessed regularly throughout the project using the Movement ABC , together with diaries and comments from teachers and parents . RESULTS At the end of the 40-week study , 27 children showed significant improvement in their motor skills . CONCLUSIONS Both teachers and parents were able to provide effective intervention for the majority of the children . It is possible that the children who did not improve have difficulties that are of a more complex type which require more specialist therapy to meet their need ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1760 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15820", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "parents and teachers" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15821", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "occupational" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15822", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "physiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15823", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "parents and teachers" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15824", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "teachers and parents" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15825", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "teachers and parents" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15826", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "specialist therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1721, 1739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15827", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "motor skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15828", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1541, 1563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15829", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Developmental Coordination Disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15830", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Developmental Coordination Disorder ( DCD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15831", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15832", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "7 to 9 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15833", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "27" ], "offsets": [ [ 1415, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15835", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Clinical observation on effect of fuzheng yiliu granule on cell cycle and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B in tissue of esophageal-gastric carcinoma ] . OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Fuzheng Yiliu Granule ( FZYLG ) on cell cycle and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B ( NF-kappa B ) in tissue of esophageal-gastric carcinoma . METHODS Seventy-six patients with esophageal gastric carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups , the FZYLG group and the control group . FZYLG was given to the former for 15 days . The tumor tissue in both groups was resected and cell cycle and apoptosis rate as well as NF-kappa B were determined by flowcytometry . RESULTS Level of NF-kappa B in the treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . In the treated group , the percentage of G0/G1 stage cells were significantly increased and that of S stage significantly decreased ( both P < 0.05 ) . At the same time , obvious cell apoptosis was found in the treated group , the apoptosis rate of which was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION FZYLG can increase the NF-kappa B expression , block the proliferation to promote the apoptosis of tumor cells ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1232 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15836", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fuzheng yiliu granule" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15837", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fuzheng Yiliu Granule ( FZYLG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15838", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FZYLG" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15839", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15840", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FZYLG" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15841", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FZYLG" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15842", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cell cycle" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15843", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "apoptosis rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15844", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Level of NF-kappa B" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15845", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of G0/G1 stage cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15846", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "S stage" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15847", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cell apoptosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15848", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "apoptosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15849", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "apoptosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15851", "type": "document", "text": [ "Azimilide decreases recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators . OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of azimilide dihydrochloride ( AZ ) on anti-tachycardia pacing ( ATP ) and shock-terminated events in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators ( ICDs ) . BACKGROUND Animal studies have shown the effectiveness of AZ for therapy of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) . Azimilide dihydrochloride was investigated as adjunctive treatment for reducing the frequency of VT and , thus , the need for ICD therapies , including ATP and cardioversion/defibrillation ( ICD shocks ) in patients with inducible monomorphic VT. METHODS A total of 172 patients were randomized to daily treatment with placebo , 35 mg , 75 mg , or 125 mg of oral AZ in this dose-ranging pilot study of patients with ICDs . The majority of patients had a history of documented remote myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure New York Heart Association class II or III . RESULTS The frequency of appropriate shocks and ATP were significantly decreased among AZ-treated patients compared with placebo patients . The incidence of ICD therapies per patient-year among the placebo group was 36 , and it was 10 , 12 , and 9 among 35 mg , 75 mg , and 125 mg AZ patients , respectively ( hazard ratio = 0.31 , p = 0.0001 ) . Azimilide dihydrochloride was generally well tolerated and did not affect left ventricular ejection fraction or minimal energy requirements for defibrillation or pacing . CONCLUSIONS Azimilide dihydrochloride may be a safe and effective drug for reducing the frequency of VT and ventricular fibrillation in patients with implanted ICDs ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1722 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15852", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Azimilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15853", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azimilide dihydrochloride ( AZ )" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15854", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Azimilide dihydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15855", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15856", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral AZ" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15857", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Azimilide dihydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15858", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15859", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-tachycardia pacing ( ATP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15860", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "shock-terminated events" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15861", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency of appropriate shocks and ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1089 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15862", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "incidence of ICD therapies per patient-year" ], "offsets": [ [ 1182, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15863", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15864", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "affect left ventricular ejection fraction or" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15865", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "minimal energy requirements for defibrillation or pacing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1497, 1553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15866", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15867", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency of VT and ventricular fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15868", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "implantable cardioverter defibrillators" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15869", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "implantable cardioverter defibrillators" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15870", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "172" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15871", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ICDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15872", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "remote myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 992 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15874", "type": "document", "text": [ "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for postoperative pain relief after total knee arthroplasty . Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) has been used to treat chronic pain syndromes and has been reported to be of some utility in the treatment of postsurgical pain . A randomized , blinded , placebo-controlled trial was designed to evaluate the utility of TENS after total knee arthroplasty . Patients were randomly enrolled into patient-controlled anesthesia ( PCA ) alone , PCA plus TENS , or PCA plus sham TENS . The cumulative dose of morphine by PCA for each group was used as the end-point of the study . There was no significant reduction in the requirement for patient-controlled analgesia with or without TENS . We conclude that there is no utility for TENS in the postoperative management of pain after knee arthroplasty ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 855 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15875", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15876", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cumulative dose of morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15877", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "requirement for patient-controlled analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15878", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15879", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "total knee arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15880", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "total knee arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15882", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of a caregiver intervention on negative caregiver appraisals of behavior problems in patients with Alzheimer 's disease : results of a randomized trial . Behavioral problems are among the most challenging aspects of caring for a person with Alzheimer 's disease . A sample of 406 spouses-caregivers of patients with Alzheimer 's disease was randomized to an active multicomponent counseling and support intervention condition or to a usual care condition . Caregivers reported on the frequency of troublesome patient behaviors and their reactions to them at baseline and at regular follow-up interviews . Random-effects regression models over the first 4 years after randomization revealed that , although the intervention did not affect the frequency of patient behavioral problems , it did significantly reduce caregivers ' reaction ratings . Because caregiver appraisals have been found to mediate the impact of caregiving stress on depression and to predict nursing home placement rates , they deserve greater attention as an important target of intervention services ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1081 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15883", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "caregiver intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15884", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "active multicomponent counseling and support intervention condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15885", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "usual care condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15886", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15887", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "caregiver appraisals" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15888", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "frequency of troublesome patient behaviors and their reactions to them" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15889", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "caregivers ' reaction ratings ." ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15890", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Alzheimer 's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15891", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Alzheimer 's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15892", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "406" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15893", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Alzheimer 's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15895", "type": "document", "text": [ "Outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the current era : a report from the Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes ( PRESTO ) trial . BACKGROUND Diabetes portends an adverse prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . Whether improvements in current clinical practice ( stents , IIb/IIIa antagonists ) have resulted in substantial improvement of these outcomes remains an issue . The aim of this study was to determine the influence of diabetes on 9-month outcomes of patients undergoing PCI in the current era . METHODS AND RESULTS The 11 482 patients enrolled in the Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes ( PRESTO ) Trial were stratified according to the presence ( n=2694 ) or absence ( n=8798 ) of diabetes . Diabetic patients were older ; were more likely to be female ; had a higher proportion of congestive failure , hypertension , prior CABG , and unstable angina ; and had higher body mass index and lower ejection fraction than nondiabetic patients ( P < 0.01 for all comparisons ) . The degree of multivessel disease was similar between the two groups . American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association type C lesions were more common in diabetic patients ( 17 % versus 15 % , P < 0.01 ) . Angiographic and procedural success rates and in-hospital events were similar between the two groups . The primary end point of death , myocardial infarction , or target vessel revascularization ( TVR ) was analyzed as time-to-first event within 9 months of the index PCI . After adjusting for certain baseline characteristics , diabetes was independently associated with death at 9 months ( relative risk [ RR ] , 1.87 ; 95 % CI , 1.31 to 2.68 , P < 0.01 ) and with an increased likelihood of TVR ( RR , 1.27 ; 95 % CI , 1.14 to 1.42 , P < 0.01 ) , as well as the composite end point of death/myocardial infarction/TVR ( RR , 1.26 ; 95 % CI , 1.13 to 1.40 , P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Despite advances in interventional techniques , diabetes remains a significant independent predictor of adverse events in the intermediate term after PCI ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2173 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15896", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "percutaneous coronary intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15897", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15898", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15899", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes ( PRESTO ) Trial" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15900", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15901", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15902", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "congestive failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 945 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15903", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15904", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prior CABG" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 973 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15905", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "unstable angina" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15906", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body mass index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15907", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ejection fraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15908", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of multivessel disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1122, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15909", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "type C lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15910", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Angiographic and procedural success rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15911", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "in-hospital events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15912", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1462, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15913", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1470, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15914", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "target vessel revascularization ( TVR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1497, 1536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15915", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1462, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15916", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TVR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1531, 1534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15917", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "death/myocardial infarction/TVR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1922, 1953 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15918", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15919", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15920", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15921", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing PCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15922", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "11 482" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 648 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15924", "type": "document", "text": [ "Single-needle acupuncture alleviates gag reflex during transesophageal echocardiography : a blinded , randomized , controlled pilot trial . OBJECTIVES To study the effect of single-needle acupuncture in suppressing gag-reflex in transesophageal echocardiography ( TEE ) . DESIGN Prospective , blinded trial . Settings/locations : Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack undergoing TEE because of presumed cardioembolic origin in a specialized stroke unit of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University , Frankfurt/Main , Germany . Subjects/Study interventions : Forty-one ( 41 ) patients were studied . Patients received single-needle acupuncture with a 0.2 x 13 mm disposable acupuncture needle ( Suzhou Medical Appliances , China ) , 10-mm deep either at Chengjiang ( midline between lower lip and chin ) or superficially at a sham point ( tip of the chin ) during TEE or no acupuncture for alleviating gag reflex . OUTCOME MEASURES Severity of gagging was rated on a visual-analogue scale . RESULTS The acupuncture group experienced significantly less gagging than the sham group ( p = 0.037 ) or the nonacupuncture group ( p = 0.013 ) . CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture of CV24 is an easy to apply and effective method to reduce gag reflex during TEE ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1260 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15925", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Single-needle acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15926", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "single-needle acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15927", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "single-needle acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15928", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "no acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15929", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Acupuncture of CV24" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15930", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Severity of gagging" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15931", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "less gagging" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15932", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "gag reflex" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15933", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "during transesophageal echocardiography :" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15934", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack undergoing TEE because of presumed cardioembolic origin in a specialized stroke unit of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University , Frankfurt/Main , Germany ." ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15935", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-one ( 41 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15937", "type": "document", "text": [ "Psychoeducational group intervention for wives of men with prostate cancer . OBJECTIVE The effects of a 6-week psychoeducational group intervention on the distress , coping , personal growth , and marital communication of wives of men diagnosed with prostate cancer were evaluated using a randomized clinical trial . METHODS Sixty wives completed measures prior to random assignment to either the psychoeducational group intervention or a no-treatment control group , and 1 month after completion of the group . RESULTS No differences with regard to wives ' general distress or cancer-specific distress were noted . In comparison with the control group , participants receiving the intervention perceived that having a spouse with prostate cancer had made positive contributions to their lives , reported gains in the use of positive reappraisal coping and reductions in denial coping . CONCLUSION Although the psychoeducational intervention did not result in changes in psychological distress , improvements in adaptive coping and indicators of psychological growth were found . The utility of group interventions for spouses of men with prostate cancer is discussed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1169 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15938", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Psychoeducational group intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15939", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "psychoeducational group intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15940", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "psychoeducational group intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15941", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no-treatment control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15942", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "psychoeducational intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 941 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15943", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "general distress or cancer-specific distress" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15944", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "positive reappraisal coping" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15945", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "denial coping ." ], "offsets": [ [ 871, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15946", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "psychological distress" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15947", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "adaptive coping and indicators of psychological growth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15948", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15949", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15950", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diagnosed with prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15951", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15952", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "wives" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15953", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15955", "type": "document", "text": [ "The long-term effect of oxandrolone on hepatic acute phase proteins in severely burned children . BACKGROUND Acute phase protein production is a hallmark of severe burns . We wondered whether anabolic treatment with oxandrolone would affect these proteins . METHODS Thirty-five children with > or =40 % total body surface area burns were randomized to receive either placebo or oxandrolone ( 0.1 mg/kg by mouth twice daily ) from postoperative day 5 to 1 year postburn . Levels of constitutive proteins and acute phase proteins were measured at admission ; at discharge ; and at 6 , 9 , and 12 months after burn . Total albumin supplementation and hepatic transaminases were also assessed . RESULTS Constitutive proteins such as albumin , prealbumin , and retinol-binding protein levels increased ( p < 0.05 ) , and acute phase proteins such as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein , C3 complement , alpha 2-macroglobulin , and fibrinogen levels significantly decreased in the oxandrolone group compared with placebo ( p < 0.05 ) . Albumin supplementation during the acute hospitalization was reduced in the oxandrolone group . Hepatic transaminases remained within normal levels . CONCLUSION Treatment with oxandrolone in severe burns significantly increases constitutive protein and reduces acute phase protein levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1310 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15956", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxandrolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15957", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15958", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxandrolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15959", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Total albumin supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hepatic transaminases" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15961", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Constitutive proteins such as albumin , prealbumin , and retinol-binding protein levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 786 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15962", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute phase proteins such as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein , C3 complement , alpha 2-macroglobulin , and fibrinogen levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 934 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Albumin supplementation during the acute hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15964", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hepatic transaminases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15965", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "constitutive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15966", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute phase protein levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15967", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severely burned" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15968", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15969", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-five children" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15971", "type": "document", "text": [ "Left internal thoracic artery-radial artery composite grafts as the technique of choice for myocardial revascularization in elderly patients : a prospective randomized evaluation . OBJECTIVES The technique of choice for myocardial revascularization in elderly patients remains a debated issue . We evaluated the potential advantages of the use of left internal thoracic artery-radial artery composite grafts compared with conventional coronary artery bypass grafts in elderly patients . METHODS We prospectively enrolled 160 patients aged more than 70 years scheduled to undergo isolated myocardial revascularization . Patients were assigned at random to group 1 , 80 patients undergoing total arterial revascularization ( left internal thoracic artery on left anterior descending coronary artery plus radial artery ) , or group 2 , 80 patients undergoing standard coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( left internal thoracic artery on left anterior descending coronary artery plus saphenous veins ) . The radial artery was used in all cases as a composite Y-graft . RESULTS Preoperative characteristics and risk factors ( EuroSCORE : group 1 = 7.9 vs group 2 = 8.1 ) , number of grafted coronary vessels ( group 1 = 2.4 vs group 2 = 2.5 ) , aortic crossclamping time ( group 1 = 37 +/- 7 minutes vs group 2 = 38 +/- 7 minutes ) , ventilation time ( group 1 = 22 +/- 12 hours vs group 2 = 23 +/- 11 hours ) , intensive care unit stay ( group 1 = 39 +/- 10 hours vs group 2 = 40 +/- 9 hours ) , and hospital mortality ( group 1 = 3.8 % vs group 2 = 5 % ) were comparable between the groups . Comparison between the 2 groups in terms of early postoperative complications showed a higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in group 2 ( group 1 = 0 patients vs group 2 = 4 patients , 5 % ) . At a mean follow-up of 16 +/- 3 months , patients in group 1 showed superior clinical results with a lower incidence of graft occlusion ( group 1 = 2 vs group 2 = 11 ; P =.06 ) and angina recurrence ( group 1 = 2 patients vs group 2 = 12 patients ; P =.03 ) . Multivariate analysis identified saphenous vein grafts as independent predictors for graft occlusion and angina recurrence . CONCLUSIONS Left internal thoracic artery-radial artery composite grafts proved to be a safe procedure in elderly patients . It improved the clinical outcome , providing a significantly higher graft patency rate and a lower incidence of late cardiac events ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2436 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15972", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Left internal thoracic artery-radial artery composite grafts" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15973", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "left internal thoracic artery-radial artery composite grafts" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15974", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "conventional coronary artery bypass grafts" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15975", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "isolated myocardial revascularization" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15976", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "total arterial revascularization ( left internal thoracic artery on left anterior descending coronary artery plus radial artery )" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15977", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "standard coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( left internal thoracic artery on left anterior descending coronary artery plus saphenous veins ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15978", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "composite Y-graft" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15979", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of grafted coronary vessels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15980", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aortic crossclamping time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15981", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ventilation time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1332, 1348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15982", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "intensive care unit stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1410, 1434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15983", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "hospital mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1499, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15984", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "early postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1636, 1669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15985", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cerebrovascular accidents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1699, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15986", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "graft occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1913, 1928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15987", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angina recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1974, 1991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15988", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "graft occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1913, 1928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angina recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1974, 1991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15990", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myocardial revascularization in elderly patients :" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15991", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elderly patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15993", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison study of venlafaxine and paroxetine for the treatment of depression in elderly Chinese inpatients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15994", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine and paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15995", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15996", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "depression in elderly Chinese inpatients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "15998", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective , randomized trial of diclofenac and ketorolac after refractive surgery . PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of diclofenac and ketorolac in relieving corneal pain after refractive surgery , and determine if there is a difference in stinging on instillation . METHODS Thirty patients were randomized prospectively to postoperative diclofenac in one eye and ketorolac in the other . Patients and surgeon did not know which medications were used . Ocular postoperative pain and discomfort on instillation of medication were measured after radial keratotomy with a visual analog scale and a questionnaire . RESULTS Both medications were highly effective in relieving pain . There was no significant difference in pain relief , or stinging on instillation ( P = .29 ) . CONCLUSION There was no statistical difference in the effectiveness of the medications on pain relief , or in stinging on instillation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 915 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15999", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16000", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16001", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16002", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "postoperative diclofenac" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16003", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac in the other" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16004", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16005", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "relieving corneal pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16006", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Ocular postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16007", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "discomfort on instillation of medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16008", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "visual analog scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16009", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 614 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16010", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective in relieving pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16011", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16012", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "stinging on instillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16013", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16014", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "stinging on instillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16015", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "refractive surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16016", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "corneal pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16017", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16019", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clonidine treatment of hyperactive and impulsive children with autistic disorder . Many autistic children have associated problems of inattention , impulsivity , and hyperactivity that limit the effectiveness of educational and behavioral interventions . Few controlled psychopharmacologic trials have been conducted in autistic children to determine which agents may be effective for these associated features . Eight male children ( 8.1 +/- 2.8 years ) with autistic disorder , diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria , completed a placebo-controlled , double-blind crossover trial of clonidine . Subjects were included in the study if they had inattention , impulsivity , and hyperactivity that was excessive for their developmental level . Subjects had not tolerated or responded to other psychopharmacologic treatments ( neuroleptics , methylphenidate , or desipramine ) . Teacher ratings on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist irritability , stereotypy , hyperactivity , and inappropriate speech factors were lower during treatment with clonidine than during treatment with placebo . Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity : Comprehensive Teacher 's Rating Scale ratings were not significantly improved during the study , except for oppositional behavior . Parent Conners Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Questionnaire ratings significantly improved during clonidine treatment . Clonidine led to increased ratings of the side effects of drowsiness and decreased activity . Clinician ratings ( Children 's Psychiatric Rating Scale Autism , Hyperactivity , Anger and Speech Deviance factors ; Children 's Global Assessment Scale ; Clinical Global Impressions efficacy ) of videotaped sessions were not significantly different between clonidine and placebo . Clonidine was modestly effective in the short-term treatment of irritability and hyperactivity in some children with autistic disorder ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1887 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16021", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "neuroleptics" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16024", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylphenidate" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16026", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16027", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16028", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16029", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16030", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16031", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16032", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "inattention , impulsivity , and hyperactivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16033", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16034", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Teacher ratings on the" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16035", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist irritability , stereotypy , hyperactivity , and inappropriate speech factors" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16036", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Comprehensive Teacher 's Rating Scale ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1126, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16037", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Parent Conners Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Questionnaire ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16038", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects of drowsiness and decreased activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16039", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Children 's Psychiatric Rating Scale Autism , Hyperactivity , Anger and Speech Deviance factors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1488, 1583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16040", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Children 's Global Assessment Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16041", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impressions efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1624, 1660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16042", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "irritability and hyperactivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1815, 1845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16043", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hyperactive and impulsive children with autistic disorder ." ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16044", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "children with autistic disorder ." ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16046", "type": "document", "text": [ "Salmeterol versus slow-release theophylline combined with ketotifen in nocturnal asthma : a multicentre trial . French Multicentre Study Group . We wished to assess the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol ( SML ; 50 micrograms b.i.d . ) compared to a combination of slow-release theophylline and ketotifen p.o . ( TK ; T 300 mg+K 1 mg b.i.d . ) for the treatment of nocturnal asthma . Ninety six patients with nocturnal asthma , ( forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) 60-90 % of predicted value , reversibility > or = 15 % , at least two nocturnal awakenings per week ) were eligible for a multicentre , double-blind , double-dummy cross-over study ( 14-day run-in , two successive 28-day treatment periods ) . Efficacy was assessed as success/failure , success being defined as the complete disappearance of nocturnal symptoms/awakening during the last week of each treatment period . There was a statistically significant difference between SML and TK for this criterion : 46 % and 39 % success with SML during periods I ( first 28-day period ) and II ( following the cross-over ) , compared to only 15 % and 26 % with TK , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . SML was also significantly better for the other criteria ( lung function , rescue salbutamol intake during day and night ) . Side-effects were five times less frequent in SML-treated patients ( p < 0.004 ) . Efficacy and tolerance of SML were obviously far better than those of TK in patients with nocturnal asthma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1476 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16047", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16048", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16049", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketotifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16050", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16051", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "theophylline and ketotifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16052", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16053", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16054", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "success/failure , success" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16055", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "statistically significant difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lung function , rescue salbutamol intake during day and night" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16057", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16058", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy and tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16059", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nocturnal asthma :" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16061", "type": "document", "text": [ "Oscillatory potentials , retinopathy , and long-term glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetes . The main objective of the study was to assess effects of long-term lowering of glucosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 % ) on neurosensory function in insulin-dependent diabetes . Individual ( OP-1 , OP-2 , OP-3 ) and summed ( OP-sum ) amplitudes of oscillatory potentials ( OPs ) of electroretinography were recorded at study start and 7-years later in 45 patients ( the Oslo study ) . As an overall 7-year change , amplitudes of OP-2 , OP-3 and OP-sum were reduced ( p < 0.0001-0.01 ) , retinopathy worsened ( p = 0.005 ) , intraocular pressure decreased ( p < 0.001 ) , systolic blood pressure increased ( p < 0.0002 ) , and glycemic control improved from HbA1 of 11.2 +/- 2.2 % at study start to a 7-year cumulative mean of 9.5 +/- 1.5 % ( p < 0.0001 ) . Multiple regression analysis did not identify any independent relations between change in OP-1 , OP-2 , OP-3 , OP-sum and change in glycemic control or background variables , including change in age and duration of diabetes . However , cross-sectional observations at 7 years showed negative correlations between all OPs and age ( p < 0.0001-0.003 ) , and between OP-3 and duration ( p = 0.003 ) and counts of microaneurysms ( p = 0.02 ) . The data suggest that various clinical background variables may influence individual and summed amplitudes of OPs differently . Reduced neurosensory retinal function ( OPs ) seemed to appear after 7-years , independently of vascular defects of retinopathy and long-term improvement in glucose control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1593 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16062", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "glucosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 % )" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16063", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Individual ( OP-1 , OP-2 , OP-3 ) and summed ( OP-sum ) amplitudes of oscillatory potentials ( OPs ) of electroretinography were recorded" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16064", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucosylated hemoglobin" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16065", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "amplitudes of OP-2 , OP-3 and OP-sum" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16066", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "retinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16067", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16068", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16069", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycemic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 720, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16070", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "OP-1 , OP-2 , OP-3 , OP-sum" ], "offsets": [ [ 941, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16071", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "change in glycemic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 999 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16072", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "background variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16073", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "OPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16074", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "OP-3" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16075", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16076", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "counts of microaneurysms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1251, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16077", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Reduced neurosensory retinal function ( OPs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vascular defects of retinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1515, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16079", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "long-term improvement in glucose control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1551, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16080", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Oscillatory" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16081", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "retinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16082", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "insulin-dependent diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16083", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "insulin-dependent diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16084", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "45" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 448 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16086", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of a combination of evening primrose oil ( gamma linolenic acid ) and fish oil ( eicosapentaenoic + docahexaenoic acid ) versus magnesium , and versus placebo in preventing pre-eclampsia . In a placebo controlled , partially double-blinded , clinical trial , a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil was compared to Magnesium Oxide , and to a Placebo in preventing Pre-Eclampsia of Pregnancy . All were given as nutritional supplements for six months to a group of primiparous and multiparous pregnant women . Some of these women had personal or family histories of hypertension ( 21 % ) . Only those patients who received prenatal care at the Central Maternity Hospital for Luanda were included in the study . Compared to the Placebo group ( 29 % ) , the group receiving the mixture of evening primrose oil and fish oil containing Gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA ) , Eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) , and Docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) had a significantly lower incidence of edema ( 13 % , p = 0.004 ) . The group receiving Magnesium Oxide had statistically significant fewer subjects who developed hypertension of pregnancy . There were 3 cases of eclampsia , all in the Placebo group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1197 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16087", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gamma linolenic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16088", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "eicosapentaenoic + docahexaenoic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16089", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16090", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16091", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16092", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium Oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16093", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16094", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16095", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "evening primrose oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16096", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fish oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16097", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16098", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 945 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16099", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Magnesium Oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16100", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16101", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pre-eclampsia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16102", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pre-Eclampsia of Pregnancy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16103", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16104", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "edema" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16105", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypertension of pregnancy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16106", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "eclampsia" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16107", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pre-eclampsia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16108", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Some of these women had personal or family histories of hypertension ( 21 % ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16110", "type": "document", "text": [ "Reliance on visual information after stroke . Part II : Effectiveness of a balance rehabilitation program with visual cue deprivation after stroke : a randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that balance rehabilitation with visual cue deprivation improves balance more effectively than rehabilitation with free vision . DESIGN Single-blind , randomized controlled trial . SETTING Public rehabilitation center in France . PARTICIPANTS Twenty patients with hemiplegia after a single-hemisphere stroke that occurred at least 12 months before the study . INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 balance rehabilitation programs-with and without visual cue deprivation . In all other respects , the programs were identical . Each lasted for 1 hour and was implemented 5 days a week for 4 weeks . All patients completed the program . Mean outcome measures Balance under 6 sensory conditions was assessed by computerized dynamic posturography ( EquiTest ) , gait velocity , timed stair climbing , and self-assessment of ease of gait before and after program completion . RESULTS After completing the program , balance , gait velocity , and self-assessment of gait improved significantly in all patients . The improvements in gait velocity ( P= .03 ) and timed stair climbing ( P= .01 ) correlated significantly with improved balance . Balance improved more in the vision-deprived group than in the free-vision group . CONCLUSIONS Balance improved more after rehabilitation with visual deprivation than with free vision . Visual overuse may be a compensatory strategy for coping with initial imbalance exacerbated by traditional rehabilitation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1674 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16111", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rehabilitation program" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16112", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "visual cue deprivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16113", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rehabilitation with visual cue deprivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16114", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "rehabilitation with free vision" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16115", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16116", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16117", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "balance rehabilitation programs-with" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16118", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16119", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "without visual cue deprivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16120", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "In all other respects , the programs were identical" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 754 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16121", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "visual deprivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1508, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16122", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "free vision" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16123", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "visual information" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16124", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16125", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16126", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dynamic posturography ( EquiTest ) , gait velocity , timed stair climbing , and self-assessment of ease of gait before and after program completion" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16127", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16128", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "gait velocity" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16129", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-assessment of gait" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16130", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "gait velocity" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16131", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "timed stair climbing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16132", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16133", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16134", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after stroke :" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16135", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Public rehabilitation center in France ." ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16137", "type": "document", "text": [ "Injection pain and postinjection pain of the palatal-anterior superior alveolar injection , administered with the Wand Plus system , comparing 2 % lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine to 3 % mepivacaine . PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective , randomized , double-blind study was to compare injection pain and postinjection pain of 2 % lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 % mepivacaine using the computer-assisted Wand Plus injection system to administer the palatal-anterior superior alveolar ( P-ASA ) injection . Additionally study was done to determine if the use of topical anesthetic decreased the pain of needle insertion with the P-ASA injection . STUDY DESIGN Using a crossover design , 40 subjects randomly received , in a double-blind manner , P-ASA injections of 1.4 mL of 2 % lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 1.4 mL of 3 % mepivacaine , at 2 separate appointments . The P-ASA injection was administered , utilizing the Wand Plus system , 6 to 10 mm into the incisive canal located lingual to the central incisors . The pain of needle insertion , needle placement , solution deposition and postinjection pain were recorded on a Heft-Parker visual analog scale for the 2 P-ASA injections . Eighty injections were randomly administered in the study , 40 using topical anesthetic gel and 40 using a placebo gel . RESULTS For needle insertion , 30 % of the subjects reported moderate/severe pain with the lidocaine solution and 43 % reported moderate/severe pain with the mepivacaine solution . There was no significant difference ( P > .05 ) between the topical and placebo groups . For needle placement into the incisive canal , 54 % of the subjects reported moderate/severe pain with the lidocaine solution and 58 % reported moderate/severe pain with the mepivacaine solution . For anesthetic solution deposition , 8 % of the subjects reported moderate pain with the lidocaine solution and 12 % reported moderate pain with the mepivacaine solution . There were no significant differences ( P > .05 ) between the lidocaine and mepivacaine solutions . Regarding postinjection pain , when anesthesia wore off on the day of the injection , 20 % of the subjects reported moderate/severe pain with the lidocaine solution and 14 % reported moderate/severe pain with the mepivacaine solution . Pain ratings decreased over the next 3 days . There were no significant differences ( P > .05 ) between the lidocaine and mepivacaine solutions . Postinjection , 12 % and 18 % of the subjects experienced temporary numbness/paresthesia of the incisive papilla with the lidocaine and mepivacaine solutions , respectively . Twenty percent and 28 % of the subjects had incisive papilla swelling or soreness with the lidocaine and mepivacaine solutions , respectively . There were no significant differences ( P > .05 ) between the lidocaine and mepivacaine solutions . CONCLUSIONS The P-ASA injection of 1.4 mL of 2 % lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 3 % mepivacaine , administered with the Wand Plus , has the potential to be a painful injection . The use of topical anesthetic did not significantly reduce pain of needle insertion when compared to a placebo . The incidence of postinjection pain , temporary numbness/paresthesia , and incisive papilla swelling or soreness would indicate that some pain and problems occur with the P-ASA technique , regardless of whether 2 % lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 3 % mepivacaine is used ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3460 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16138", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16139", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16140", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16141", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "topical anesthetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16142", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "P-ASA injections of 1.4 mL of 2 % lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16143", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16144", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16145", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "topical anesthetic gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1288, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16146", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16147", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16148", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16149", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16150", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16151", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16154", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16158", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16166", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16167", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 3170, 3179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16168", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16169", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16170", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mepivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16171", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Injection pain and postinjection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16172", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "injection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16173", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postinjection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16174", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16175", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain of needle insertion , needle placement , solution deposition and postinjection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16176", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate/severe pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16177", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate/severe pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16178", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate/severe pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16179", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate/severe pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16180", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1873, 1886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16181", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1873, 1886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16182", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postinjection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16183", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate/severe pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16184", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "moderate/severe pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16185", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 2315, 2327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16186", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "temporary numbness/paresthesia of the incisive papilla" ], "offsets": [ [ 2519, 2573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16187", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incisive papilla swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 2680, 2705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "soreness" ], "offsets": [ [ 2709, 2717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16189", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16190", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postinjection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16191", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "temporary numbness/paresthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2519, 2549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16192", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "incisive papilla swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 2680, 2705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16193", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "soreness" ], "offsets": [ [ 2709, 2717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16194", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16196", "type": "document", "text": [ "Rapid-sequence intubation of head trauma patients : prevention of fasciculations with pancuronium versus minidose succinylcholine . INTRODUCTION Fasciculations during rapid-sequence intubation may lead to increased intracranial pressure and emesis with aspiration . Standard rapid-sequence intubation requires a nondepolarizing blocking agent before succinylcholine administration . HYPOTHESIS Prevention of fasciculations during rapid-sequence intubation of head trauma patients can be accomplished as safely and effectively with minidose succinylcholine as with a defasciculating dose of pancuronium . DESIGN A prospective , randomized , double-blind study . SETTING An inner-city county trauma center with 70,000 patient visits per year . PARTICIPANTS Sequential adult head trauma patients requiring rapid-sequence intubation who had no contraindications to succinylcholine or pancuronium . INTERVENTIONS Each head trauma patient requiring rapid-sequence intubation who met the inclusion criteria received standard rapid-sequence intubation maneuvers and lidocaine ( 1 mg/kg ) IV . Patients were randomized to receive either minidose succinylcholine ( 0.1 mg/kg ) or pancuronium ( 0.03 mg/kg ) IV one minute prior to the full paralytic dose of succinylcholine ( 1.5 mg/kg ) IV . Fasciculations were recorded using a graded visual scale . RESULTS Of 46 patients , eight of 19 ( 42 % ) in the pancuronium group and six of 27 ( 22 % ) in the succinylcholine group experienced fasciculations . No statistically significant difference in fasciculations was detected between the two groups using chi 2 analysis . Complete relaxation of the cords was present in all but two patients , one in each group . No patient in either group experienced emesis or significant dysrhythmias . CONCLUSION Pretreatment with minidose succinylcholine causes no greater incidence of fasciculations than pancuronium in rapid-sequence intubation of head trauma patients in an ED setting . Thus succinylcholine may be used as the sole paralytic agent in rapid-sequence intubation of head trauma patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2081 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16197", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Rapid-sequence intubation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16198", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pancuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16199", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "minidose succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16200", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succinylcholine administration" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16201", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16202", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16203", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pancuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16204", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rapid-sequence intubation maneuvers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16205", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16206", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "minidose succinylcholine ( 0.1 mg/kg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16207", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pancuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16208", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "full paralytic dose of succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16209", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pancuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16210", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16211", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16212", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pancuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16213", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16214", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasciculations" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16215", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fasciculations" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16216", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "emesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16217", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasciculations" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16218", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fasciculations" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16219", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "graded visual scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16220", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasciculations" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16221", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasciculations" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16222", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Complete relaxation of the cords" ], "offsets": [ [ 1610, 1642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16223", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "emesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16224", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "significant dysrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1750, 1774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16225", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasciculations" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16226", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "head trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16227", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adult" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16228", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "46" ], "offsets": [ [ 1352, 1354 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16230", "type": "document", "text": [ "Body asymmetry affects conjugate lateral eye movement . A. H. Baker ( 1989 ) and A. H. Baker and A. I. Ledner ( 1990 ) reported that asymmetrical visual stimulation affects conjugate lateral eye movement ( CLEM ) . In the present article , the authors explored whether asymmetrical body position similarly affects CLEM . The authors assessed CLEMs twice in a counterbalanced design . In the control ( symmetric ) condition , each participant sat in a completely symmetrical position facing a wall devoid of any asymmetrical features . In the experimental ( asymmetrical ) condition , half the participants rotated their heads 68 degrees clockwise relative to their bodies to face the experimenter , and the other half rotated their heads 68 degrees counterclockwise , also to face the experimenter . CLEM was predominantly toward the body 's position in the asymmetrical condition rather than toward the body 's position in the symmetrical condition ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 951 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16231", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Body asymmetry" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16232", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "completely symmetrical position" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16233", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rotated their heads 68 degrees clockwise relative to their bodies to face the experimenter ," ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16234", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "the other half rotated their heads 68 degrees counterclockwise" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16235", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "conjugate lateral eye movement" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16236", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "conjugate lateral eye movement ( CLEM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16237", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Body asymmetry" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16238", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "conjugate lateral eye movement ( CLEM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16239", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "control ( symmetric ) condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16241", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical effects of naltrexone on autistic behavior . Eight young adults who were diagnosed with autism were given the opiate antagonist naltrexone to control self-injurious behavior and maladaptive idiosyncratic mannerisms . The drug and placebo were administered in a double-blind crossover design over 17 weeks . Although one subject appeared to have partial decreases in maladaptive behaviors associated with naltrexone use , the drugs , as administered in this study , did not reduce the self-injurious and other maladaptive behaviors of the subjects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 557 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16242", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16243", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "opiate antagonist naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16244", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16245", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16246", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "partial decreases in maladaptive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16247", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reduce the self-injurious and other maladaptive behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16248", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic behavior ." ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16249", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Eight young adults who were diagnosed with autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16251", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pretreatment with thiopental for prevention of pain associated with propofol injection . UNLABELLED Propofol causes pain on IV injection in 28 % -90 % of patients . A number of techniques have been tried to minimize propofol-induced pain , with variable results . We compared the efficacy of pretreatment with thiopental 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg and lidocaine 40 mg after venous occlusion for prevention of propofol-induced pain . One-hundred-twenty-four adult patients , ASA physical status I-II , undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 31 each . Group I received normal saline , group II received lidocaine 2 % ( 40 mg ) , and groups III and IV received thiopental 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg , respectively . All pretreatment drugs were made in 2 mL and were accompanied by manual venous occlusion for 1 min . Propofol was administered after release of venous occlusion . Pain was assessed with a four-point scale : 0 = no pain , 1 = mild pain , 2 = moderate pain , and 3 = severe pain at the time of propofol injection . Twenty-four patients ( 77 % ) complained of pain in the group pretreated with normal saline as compared with 12 ( 39 % ) , 10 ( 32 % ) , and 1 ( 3 % ) in the groups pretreated with lidocaine 40 mg , thiopental 0.25 mg/kg , and thiopental 0.5 mg/kg , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . Thiopental 0.5 mg/kg was the most effective treatment . We therefore suggest routine pretreatment with thiopental 0.5 mg/kg along with venous occlusion for 1 min for prevention of pain associated with propofol injection . IMPLICATIONS Pain associated with IV injection of propofol is seen in 28 % -90 % patients . Pretreatment with thiopental 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg after manual venous occlusion for 1 min effectively attenuated pain associated with propofol injection . Thiopental 0.5 mg/kg was the most effective in prevention of propofol pain and can be used routinely ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1904 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16252", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16253", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16254", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16258", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16259", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16260", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "manual venous occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16261", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16262", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16263", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16264", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16265", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16266", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16267", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16268", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Thiopental" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16269", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain associated with propofol injection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16270", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain on IV injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16271", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "propofol-induced pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16272", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16274", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16275", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16276", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16277", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16278", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "propofol pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1863, 1876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16279", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pain associated with propofol injection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16280", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One-hundred-twenty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16281", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adult" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16283", "type": "document", "text": [ "Delayed genomic and acute nongenomic action of glucocorticosteroids in seasonal allergic rhinitis . BACKGROUND Glucocorticosteroids are effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis , a disease characterized by a variety of symptoms , e.g . rhinorrhea and itching . The time course of symptomatic relief for allergic rhinitis by steroids has not been examined in detail to date , although the onset of steroid action is one of the main discriminations between genomic and nongenomic actions of steroids . We therefore investigated the time course of subjective and objective measures of nasal affection after steroid administration in patients with allergic rhinitis following specific allergen challenge . METHODS Six female and 18 male volunteers ( median age 26 years ) with a history of allergic rhinitis but currently free of symptoms were included in this randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , three-period crossover study . A single dose of either betamethasone ( 60 mg ) , methylprednisolone ( 400 mg ) or placebo was given intravenously , 5 min after intranasal allergen provocation . After 10 , 20 , 60 , 150 and 240 min , nasal itching and nasal obstruction were assessed using a standardized visual analogue scale . In addition , nasal airflow was measured by anterior rhinomanometry . RESULTS Nasal itching was markedly reduced following either of the two steroids within 10 min after administration of study drug . Itching was depressed by 38 % following betamethasone ( P < 0.05 ) and by 18 % following methylprednisolone ( P=0.07 ) compared with placebo . Nasal airflow and nasal obstruction were not significantly altered by steroids during the first 2 h of the study . However , after 150 min , nasal airflow was 21 % rsp . 19 % higher after methylprednisolone and betamethasone ( P < 0.05 ) compared with placebo . After 240 min , nasal airflow was increased by 20 % following betamethasone ( P < 0.05 ) and by 19 % following methylprednisolone . Nasal obstruction was also beneficially affected by both steroids 150 and 240 min after administration compared with placebo ( P < 0.05 for both time points following betamethasone ) . CONCLUSION This study for the first time shows rapid in vivo effects of external glucocorticosteroids in humans . Itching , a pathophysiologically complex sensation , is favourably influenced by steroids within 10 min , therefore presumably via nongenomic mechanisms . Though no detailed mechanisms can be derived from this study , steroid interaction with receptors in the central nervous system may play an important role in mediating this effect ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2614 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16284", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Glucocorticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16285", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16286", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone ( 60 mg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16287", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolone ( 400 mg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16288", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16289", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16291", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16293", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16294", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16295", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "betamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16296", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16297", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16298", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucocorticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal affection" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16300", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal itching" ], "offsets": [ [ 1146, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16301", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1164, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16302", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "standardized visual analogue scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16303", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal airflow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16304", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anterior rhinomanometry" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16305", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nasal itching" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16306", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Itching" ], "offsets": [ [ 1442, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16307", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nasal airflow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1164, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16309", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal airflow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16310", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal airflow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16311", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nasal obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1979, 1996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16312", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Itching" ], "offsets": [ [ 1442, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16313", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seasonal allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16314", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16315", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Six" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16316", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "female" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16317", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16318", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16319", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "26 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16320", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16322", "type": "document", "text": [ "Plasma kinetics of zeaxanthin and 3'-dehydro-lutein after multiple oral doses of synthetic zeaxanthin . BACKGROUND Zeaxanthin is hypothesized to reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration ; however , kinetic information is limited . OBJECTIVES The objective was to investigate the plasma kinetics of synthetic zeaxanthin after repeated oral doses and to assess the possible influence of other carotenoids on plasma zeaxanthin concentrations . DESIGN After a run-in of 3 d , 20 healthy volunteers assigned to 2 parallel dose groups received once daily oral doses of either 1 mg ( 1.76 micro mol ) or 10 mg ( 17.6 micro mol ) zeaxanthin for 42 d. Plasma concentration-time profiles on days 1 and 42 , concentrations immediately before zeaxanthin intake during the dosing period , and concentrations after the last dose until day 76 were monitored . RESULTS all-E-Zeaxanthin concentrations increased from 0.048 +/- 0.026 micro mol/L at baseline to 0.20 +/- 0.07 and 0.92 +/- 0.28 micro mol/L with 1 and 10 mg zeaxanthin , respectively . The dose-normalized bioavailability of all-E-zeaxanthin after the10-mg dose was 40 % lower ( P < 0.001 ) than after the 1-mg dose . Other kinetic parameters did not differ significantly between groups . After 17 d of dosing , > 90 % of steady state concentrations were reached , which was compatible with an effective half-life for accumulation of 5 d. The terminal elimination half-life was 12 +/- 7 d ( n = 20 ) . The time course of plasma all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein concentrations resembled that of all-E-zeaxanthin . The data provided evidence that all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein was derived from all-E-zeaxanthin . Concentrations of other carotenoids were not affected . Zeaxanthin was well tolerated . CONCLUSION Long-term oral intake of 1 and 10 mg zeaxanthin as beadlets increases plasma zeaxanthin concentrations approximately 4- and 20-fold , respectively . Evidence that all-E-3-dehydro-lutein is formed from zeaxanthin was strong ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1976 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16323", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "synthetic zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16324", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16325", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16326", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16327", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16328", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "all-E-Zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16329", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "all-E-zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16330", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16331", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16332", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16333", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma kinetics of synthetic zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16334", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma zeaxanthin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16335", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma concentration-time profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16336", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "all-E-Zeaxanthin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16337", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dose-normalized bioavailability of all-E-zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16338", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "kinetic parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1181, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16339", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16340", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "terminal elimination half-life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16341", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time course of plasma all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16342", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1485, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16343", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "all-E-zeaxanthin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16344", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Concentrations of other carotenoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16345", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma zeaxanthin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16346", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "all-E-3-dehydro-lutein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1915, 1937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16347", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "macular degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16348", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16349", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16351", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Clinical study on dan shao tang in treating IgA nephropathy of deficiency of yin with damp-heat symptom ] . OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Dan Shao Tang ( DST ) in treating IgA nephropathy ( IgAN ) of deficiency of Yin with damp-heat symptom . METHODS 90 patients with IgAN of deficiency of Yin with damp-heat symptom were randomly divided into two groups . 50 patients in treatment group were treated with DST and western medicine and 40 patients in control group were treated only with western medicine . The effects and changes of the indexes including renal function , hematuria , proteinuria , blood IgA before and after treatment were observed . RESULTS After six months treatment , the general effective rate in treatment group was 70.00 % , which was markedly higher than that in control group ( 37.50 % , P < 0.01 ) . Treatment group is obviously better than control group on decreasing hematuria , proteinuria , blood IgA and improving renal function ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION DST is effective on IgAN of deficiency of Yin with damp-heat symptom ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1063 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16352", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dan shao tang" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Dan Shao Tang ( DST )" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DST" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16355", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "western medicine" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16356", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "with western medicine" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16357", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DST" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16358", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal function , hematuria , proteinuria , blood IgA" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 614 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16359", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "general effective rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16360", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decreasing hematuria , proteinuria , blood IgA and improving renal function ( P" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16361", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "90" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16362", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "IgAN of deficiency of Yin" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16363", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "damp-heat symptom" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16365", "type": "document", "text": [ "Skin concentrations of thromboxane synthetase inhibitor after topical application with bioelastic membrane . Elevated thromboxane levels are associated with a number of disease states , including dermal pressure ulcers . When dazmegrel was orally administered to greyhound dogs wearing leg casts , it resulted in a sparring effect on the skin areas of potential pressure ulcer development . The objective of this research was to determine if bioelastic matrices could provide controlled release of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor ( dazmegrel ) at tissue concentrations sufficient for inhibition of thromboxane synthesis . The animal used for these studies was the greyhound , which has thin skin , angular conformation , limited body fat and is predisposed to pressure ulcers similar to those occurring in humans . In vivo skin penetration studies showed that epidermal exposure to bioelastic thromboxane synthetase inhibitor ( TSI ) matrix resulted in local tissue concentrations of TSI sufficient for thromboxane synthetase inhibition . There were no significant differences between dazmegrel in the skin layers ( epidermis , dermis and subcutaneous layers ) on 1 , 7 and 14-day exposures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1196 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dazmegrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16367", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Skin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16368", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "controlled release" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16369", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "local tissue concentrations of TSI" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16370", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "greyhound dogs wearing leg casts" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16372", "type": "document", "text": [ "Short-term fluoxetine monotherapy for bipolar type II or bipolar NOS major depression - low manic switch rate . OBJECTIVES Current guidelines for the initial treatment of bipolar type II ( BP II ) major depressive episode ( MDE ) recommend using either a mood stabilizer alone or a combination of a mood stabilizer plus a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) . This recommendation is the result of concern over antidepressant-induced manic switch episodes . However , recent evidence suggests that the manic switch rate may be low in BP II MDE during SSRI therapy . METHODS As part of a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled relapse-prevention study of fluoxetine monotherapy in BP II MDE , 37 patients received open-label fluoxetine 20 mg every day for up to 8 weeks . Outcome measures included the Hamilton Depression Rating ( HAM-D 17 ) rating and the Young Mania Rating ( YMR ) scale . RESULTS Eleven of 23 patients ( 48 % ) who completed 8 weeks of fluoxetine treatment showed a HAM-D 17 reduction of > or =50 % , while 14 ( 38 % ) of all treated patients had > or =50 % reduction in baseline HAM-D 17 score . Using a conservative YMR score of > or =8 to identify hypomanic symptoms , the frequency of patients with YMR score > or =8 during fluoxetine did not differ from that seen during the screen and baseline period . Only three patients ( 7.3 % ) had symptoms suggestive of hypomania , and only one patient stopped treatment because of a rapid mood swing into depression . LIMITATIONS Fluoxetine was given at a fixed dose of 20 mg everyday . Fluoxetine was prescribed in an open-label manner , and the sample size was limited . CONCLUSIONS These observations support the findings of a low manic switch rate during SSRI monotherapy of BP II MDE , and suggest that fluoxetine monotherapy may be a safe and effective initial treatment of BP II MDE ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1877 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16373", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine monotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16374", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16375", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "fluoxetine monotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16376", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "open-label fluoxetine 20 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16377", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "every day for up to 8 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16378", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16379", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1516, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16380", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1516, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16381", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine monotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16382", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HAM-D 17 reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16383", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "YMR score of > or =8" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16384", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypomania" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16385", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "rapid mood swing into depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1469, 1501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16386", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bipolar type II or bipolar NOS major depression - low manic switch rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16387", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bipolar type II" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16388", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "BP II" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16389", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "BP II" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16390", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "37" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16391", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "BP II MDE" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 555 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16393", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of quality of life , work productivity and medical resource utilization of peginterferon alpha 2a vs the combination of interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin as initial treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The on-treatment impact of interferon-based therapies on quality of life ( QOL ) , work productivity , and medical resource utilization has not been systematically studied . We evaluated the effects of treatment with peginterferon alpha ( pegIFNalpha ) 2a monotherapy and the combination of interferon alpha ( IFNalpha ) 2b plus ribavirin ( RBV ) on health-related QOL , work productivity and resource utilization . A total of 412 patients with hepatitis C infection were randomized to open-label treatment with either pegIFNalpha 2a ( n = 206 ) or IFNalpha 2b/RBV ( n = 206 ) . PegIFNalpha 2a was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 180 microg once weekly for 48 weeks ; and IFNalpha 2b/RBV at doses of 3 MU thrice weekly subcutaneously and 1000-1200 mg/day orally . Outcome measures included the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire and additional generic and specific scales . During treatment , for all SF-36 summary and Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire ( HQLQ ) -specific scales , the pegIFNalpha 2a group experienced less impairment than did the IFNalpha 2b/RBV patients . The between-treatment differences were significant for many of the scores particularly in the first 24 weeks of treatment . Across all measures of work functioning and productivity at each visit , patients randomized to pegIFNalpha 2a treatment showed less impairment relative to the group treated with IFNalpha 2b/RBV . Hence treatment with pegIFNalpha 2a relative to IFNalpha 2b/RBV minimizes the adverse impact of therapy on health-related QOL . Patients randomized to pegIFNalpha 2a had improved work productivity , less activity impairment , decreased need for prescription drugs to treat adverse effects , and better adherence to therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1958 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16394", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alpha 2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16395", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16396", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "peginterferon alpha ( pegIFNalpha )" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16397", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "monotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16398", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination of interferon alpha ( IFNalpha ) 2b plus ribavirin ( RBV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16399", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "open-label treatment with either pegIFNalpha 2a ( n = 206 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16400", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFNalpha 2b/RBV ( n = 206 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16401", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PegIFNalpha 2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16402", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFNalpha 2b/RBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16403", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pegIFNalpha 2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16404", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFNalpha 2b/RBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16405", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pegIFNalpha 2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16406", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFNalpha 2b/RBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16407", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pegIFNalpha 2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16408", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFNalpha 2b/RBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16409", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pegIFNalpha 2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16410", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16411", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "work productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16412", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "medical resource utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16413", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life ( QOL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16414", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "work productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16415", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "medical resource utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16416", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health-related QOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16417", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "work productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16418", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resource utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16419", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire and additional generic and specific scales" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16420", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire ( HQLQ ) -specific scales" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16421", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "health-related QOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16422", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "work productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16423", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "less activity impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1833, 1857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16424", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "decreased need for prescription drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1860, 1897 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16425", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1907, 1922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16426", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "better adherence to therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1929, 1956 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16427", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "412" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16428", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatitis C infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16430", "type": "document", "text": [ "Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl ( CAELYX/Doxil ) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer . BACKGROUND This study was designed to demonstrate that efficacy [ progression-free survival ( PFS ) ] of CAELYX [ pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl ( PLD ) ] is non-inferior to doxorubicin with significantly less cardiotoxicity in first-line treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Women ( n=509 ) with MBC and normal cardiac function were randomized to receive either PLD 50 mg/m2 ( every 4 weeks ) or doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 ( every 3 weeks ) . Cardiac event rates were based on reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction as a function of cumulative anthracycline dose . RESULTS PLD and doxorubicin were comparable with respect to PFS [ 6.9 versus 7.8 months , respectively ; hazard ratio ( HR ) =1.00 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.82-1.22 ] . Subgroup results were consistent . Overall risk of cardiotoxicity was significantly higher with doxorubicin than PLD ( HR=3.16 ; 95 % CI 1.58-6.31 ; P < 0.001 ) . Overall survival was similar ( 21 and 22 months for PLD and doxorubicin , respectively ; HR=0.94 ; 95 % CI 0.74-1.19 ) . Alopecia ( overall , 66 % versus 20 % ; pronounced , 54 % versus 7 % ) , nausea ( 53 % versus 37 % ) , vomiting ( 31 % versus 19 % ) and neutropenia ( 10 % versus 4 % ) were more often associated with doxorubicin than PLD . Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia ( 48 % versus 2 % ) , stomatitis ( 22 % versus 15 % ) and mucositis ( 23 % versus 13 % ) were more often associated with PLD than doxorubicin . CONCLUSIONS In first-line therapy for MBC , PLD provides comparable efficacy to doxorubicin , with significantly reduced cardiotoxicity , myelosuppression , vomiting and alopecia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1874 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16431", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl ( CAELYX/Doxil )" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16432", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "conventional doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16433", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CAELYX [ pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl ( PLD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16434", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16435", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16436", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin 60 mg/m2" ], "offsets": [ [ 656, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16437", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anthracycline" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16438", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16439", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16441", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16442", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16443", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16444", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16445", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16446", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16447", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16448", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16449", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16450", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival ( PFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16451", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Cardiac event rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 716 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16452", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "PFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16453", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Overall risk of cardiotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16454", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16455", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Alopecia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1292, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16456", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1365, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16457", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1395, 1403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16458", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16459", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1516, 1549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16460", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "stomatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1572, 1582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16461", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "mucositis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16462", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cardiotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16463", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myelosuppression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1832, 1848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16464", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1395, 1403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16465", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "alopecia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1864, 1872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16466", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16467", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "first-line treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16468", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "Women" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16469", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "MBC and normal cardiac function" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16471", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomised controlled trial comparing Drawtex with standard dressings for exuding wounds . OBJECTIVE This randomised controlled clinical trial compared a capillary dressing ( Drawtex , now rebranded as Vibriant RCD [ Vibriant Technology Services ] ) with routine practice for exuding wounds greater than 2.5 x 2.5 cm . METHOD The target population was 300 control and 300 test subjects across three sites in the UK , but recruitment difficulties resulted in only 125 patients being evaluable . Wound progress was recorded by nurses ' perception of the progress of wound healing and by objective digital imaging . In the final analysis digital images were randomised ( in time order ) and a panel of nurses who were not otherwise involved in the research project graded the wound 's progress . RESULTS After deconvolution of the data , the subjective ( nurse perception ) method of evaluation determined that the new dressing resulted in wound improvement in 12.7 % more patients than did routine practice , but the blinded assessment method ( based on the digital images ) showed that routine practice was better by 6.6 % . CONCLUSION Evaluation of wound progress is clearly difficult . Human nature makes us favour novelty if we believe it is going to be better . Making interpretation more objective removed that bias and did not demonstrate a significant advantage for the test dressing . The findings suggest that unblinded assessment by trial nurses is unacceptable on its own . Blinded assessments may miss finer nuances of wound progression , but are likely to be more accurate . The authors suggest that the true result lies somewhere in the middle , with the trial dressing likely to be as effective as , but not more effective than , a standard dressing ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1767 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16472", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Drawtex with standard dressings" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16473", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "capillary dressing" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16474", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Drawtex , now rebranded as Vibriant RCD" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16475", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Vibriant Technology Services" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16476", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "with routine practice for exuding wounds" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16477", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Wound progress" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16478", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "wound improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 956 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16479", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "wound progress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16480", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "wound progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1549 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16482", "type": "document", "text": [ "Retrograde tracing and electrophysiological findings of collateral sprouting after end-to-side neurorrhaphy . The aim of this study was to seek more potent evidences of collateral sprouting for both motor and sensory nerve fibres after end-to-side neurorrhaphy using a modified double-labelling retrograde tracing method and to investigate the function of regenerated motor axons with electrophysiological evaluation . Four groups ( n=4 for each group ) were used : end-to-end coaptation ( six months postoperatively ) , end-to-side coaptation ( four months and six months postoperatively ) and normal control . Two fluorescent tracers ( true blue and diamidino yellow ) were applied to the proximal ends of tibial and common peroneal nerves , respectively after four or six months of nerve coaptation . Five days later , we only found single-labelled motor and sensory neurons in the normal and end-to-end coaptation groups , while some dual-labelled neurons can be identified in end-to-side coaptation groups . Four months after surgery , the motor nerve conduction velocity in end-to-side coaptation was significantly slower than in the normal control . But no difference was found in the sixth month . These results suggest that end-to-side neurorrhaphy can induce the functional collateral sprouting of both motor and sensory axons in the peripheral nerve ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1362 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16483", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "end-to-side coaptation" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16484", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "normal control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16485", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "fluorescent tracers" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16486", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "end-to-side neurorrhaphy" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16487", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "single-labelled motor and sensory neurons" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16488", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "motor nerve conduction velocity in end-to-side" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16489", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after end-to-side neurorrhaphy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16490", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after end-to-side neurorrhaphy" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16492", "type": "document", "text": [ "Does aerobic training lead to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure ? BACKGROUND Due to dyspnea and fatigue , patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) are often restricted in the performance of everyday activities , which gradually may lead to hypoactivity . AIMS To assess whether aerobic training leads to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life ( QoL ) in patients with CHF . METHODS Patients with stable CHF ( NYHA II/III ; 59 ( 11 ) years ) were randomly assigned to a training group ( n=18 ; 3-month aerobic program above standard treatment ) or control group ( n=16 ; standard treatment without special advice for exercise ) . Measurements were performed on level of everyday physical activity ( PA , novel accelerometry-based activity monitor ) and QoL , and on several related parameters . RESULTS Training did not result in a more active lifestyle or improved QoL , but improved ( P < 0.05 ) peak power ( 17 % ) , 6-min walk distance ( 10 % ) , muscle strength ( 13-15 % ) and depression ( -1.3 unit ) . Changes in level of everyday PA were related to changes in peak Vo ( 2 ) ( r=0.58 , P=0.01 ) and knee extension strength ( r=0.48 , P=0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS At group level training did not result in a more active lifestyle or improved QoL . However , correlations between training-related changes in parameters suggest that aerobic training has the potential to increase levels of everyday PA in CHF ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1483 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16493", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic training" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16494", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic training" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16495", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "training" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16496", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic program above standard treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16497", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16498", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "standard treatment without special advice for exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16499", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "active lifestyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16500", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "improved quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16501", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "active lifestyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16502", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life ( QoL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 425 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16503", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "everyday physical activity ( PA , novel accelerometry-based activity monitor )" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16504", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "active lifestyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16505", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "QoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16506", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak power" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16507", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "6-min walk distance" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16508", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "muscle strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16509", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16510", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak Vo ( 2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16511", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "knee extension strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1181, 1204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16512", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "active lifestyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16513", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "QoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16515", "type": "document", "text": [ "The influence of pre- and intraoperative positioning of the condyle in the centre of the articular fossa on the position of the disc in orthognathic surgery . A magnetic resonance study . OBJECTIVE We investigated the changes in the temporomandibular joint ( TMJ ) after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible for orthognathic surgery and the influence of positioning of the condylar process in the centre of the articular fossa before and during the operation for preventing changes in the TMJ postoperatively . STUDY DESIGN A total of 28 patients with mandibular retrognathism had bilateral sagittal split osteotomies for mandibular advancement . In one group of 14 patients ( 28 TMJ ) , the condyles were placed in the centre of the articular fossa before and during the operation , and in the other group they were not . Differences on magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) were calculated and the results were evaluated . RESULTS The main differences were found at maximal mouth opening . 15/28 TMJs ( 54 % ) that had not been positioned changed the position of the disc from physiological to anterior disc derangement with and without reduction postoperatively . In the 28 that had been positioned , changes were found in only 3 TMJs ( 11 % ) postoperatively . CONCLUSIONS Fixing the condylar process in the centre of the articular fossa intraoperatively before bilateral sagittal split osteotomy is a factor in preventing postoperative structural changes in the temporomandibular joint ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1503 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16516", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "pre- and intraoperative positioning of the condyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16517", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "orthognathic surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16518", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16519", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "positioning of the condylar process" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16520", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "bilateral sagittal split osteotomies for mandibular advancement ." ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16521", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "condyles were placed in the centre of the articular fossa before and during the operation , and in the other group they were not" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16522", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16523", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Fixing the condylar process in the centre of the articular fossa intraoperatively" ], "offsets": [ [ 1288, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16524", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Differences on magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16525", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximal mouth opening" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16526", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TMJs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16527", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "orthognathic" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16528", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "temporomandibular joint ( TMJ )" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16529", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bilateral sagittal split osteotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16530", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "orthognathic" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16531", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16532", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mandibular retrognathism" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16533", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bilateral sagittal split osteotomies" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16534", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "14" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16535", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16536", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "TMJ" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16537", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "15/28" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16538", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "TMJs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16539", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16540", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16541", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "TMJs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16543", "type": "document", "text": [ "Strength of vital force in classical homeopathy : bio-psycho-social-spiritual correlates within a complex systems context . OBJECTIVE To explore associations between a global rating for the classical homeopathic construct of vital force and clinician and patient ratings on previously validated bio-psycho-social-spiritual questionnaires . METHODS Sixty-two ( 62 ) community-recruited patients with fibromyalgia ( FM ) were assessed at baseline prior to a clinical trial of individualized homeopathy . Two homeopaths jointly performed case-taking interviews . A conventional medical provider independently evaluated patients with a standardized history and physical examination . Homeopaths rated each patient 's vital force ( five-point Likert scale , with 1 = very weak to 5 = very strong ) . Homeopaths and the conventional medical provider rated their Clinical Global Impression ( CGI ) of the severity of illness ( 1 = normal ; 7 = among the most extremely ill ) . Patients completed self-rating scales on pain , global health , mood , quality of life , coping style , health locus of control , multidimensional well-being , spirituality , sense of coherence , positive states of mind , and social desirability . RESULTS Greater vital force ratings ( mean 2.9 standard deviation [ SD ] 0.6 ) correlated moderately ( p < or = 0.005 ) with less severe CGI illness ratings by the homeopaths ( r =-0.59 ) , decreased patient-rated mental confusion ( r =-0.43 ) , higher vigor ( r = 0.38 ) , and greater positive states of mind ( r = 0.36 ) . Vital force also showed correlations ( p < 0.05 ) with lower CGI ratings by the conventional medical provider ( r =-0.32 ) , better selfrated quality of life ( r = 0.33 ) , lesser fatigue ( r =-0.31 ) , better global health ( r = 0.29 ) , greater sense of coherence ( r = 0.28 ) , powerful-others health locus of control ( r = 0.27 ) , increased emotional well-being ( r = 0.27 ) , and higher social desirability ( r = 0.27 ) , but not with age , pain , or illness duration . CONCLUSION Homeopathic vital force ratings reflect better perceived mental function , energy , and positive dimensions of the individual , beyond absence of disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2185 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16544", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "case-taking interviews" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16545", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "self-rating scales" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16546", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impression ( CGI ) of the severity of illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 917 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16547", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "self-rating scales on pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16548", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "global health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16549", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mood" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16550", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16551", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "coping style" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16552", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "health locus of control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16553", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "multidimensional well-being" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16554", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "spirituality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16555", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sense of coherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16556", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "positive states of mind" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16557", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social desirability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16558", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vital force ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16559", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CGI illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16560", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient-rated mental confusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1418, 1448 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16561", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "vigor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1471, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16562", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "positive states of mind" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16563", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CGI ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1604, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16564", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16565", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fatigue" ], "offsets": [ [ 1723, 1730 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16566", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "better global health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1746, 1766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16567", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "greater sense of coherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1782, 1808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16568", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "powerful-others health locus of control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1824, 1863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16569", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "increased emotional well-being" ], "offsets": [ [ 1879, 1909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16570", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "higher social desirability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1929, 1955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16571", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Sixty-two ( 62 ) community-recruited patients with fibromyalgia ( FM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16572", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Two homeopaths jointly performed case-taking interviews ." ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16574", "type": "document", "text": [ "Correlates of cognitive deficits in first episode schizophrenia . OBJECTIVE The presence of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia has been well documented , but questions remain about whether there are relationships between this dysfunction and clinical symptomatology . If present , such relationships should be most clearly observable in patients with first episode schizophrenia ; that is , before the effects of chronic illness , institutionalization , or treatment might confound them . METHOD 307 schizophrenia subjects in their first episode of illness were recruited to participate in a clinical trial comparing the long-term efficacy of haloperidol and risperidone . The psychopathology , cognitive functioning , early treatment history , and duration of untreated psychosis of these subjects were assessed prior to their assignment to randomized , double-blind treatment . Approximately two-thirds of the subjects were receiving antipsychotic treatment at the time of assessment ; however , the duration of treatment was limited to 12 weeks or less . RESULTS The severity of negative symptoms at the time of assessment was associated with deficits in memory , verbal fluency , psychomotor speed and executive function . Positive symptoms were not associated with cognitive deficits . Also , the duration of untreated illness ( DUI ) prior to assessment was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study of first episode schizophrenia patients suggest that a relationship exists between negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction . However , that relationship accounts for only a minor portion of the variance ( i.e. , 10-15 % ) in the severity of cognitive dysfunction after controlling for a number of potentially confounding factors . This finding provides support for the theory that the neurobiological processes that give rise to symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia are partially overlapping ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1981 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16575", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol and risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16576", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antipsychotic treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16577", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cognitive deficits" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16578", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cognitive dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16579", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16580", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical symptomatology ." ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16581", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severity of negative symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16582", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "deficits in memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16583", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "verbal fluency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16584", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "psychomotor speed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16585", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "executive function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16586", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Positive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16587", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cognitive deficits" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16588", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of untreated illness ( DUI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1306, 1343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16589", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1402, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16590", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "negative symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16591", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16592", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "severity of cognitive dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1696, 1729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16593", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "symptomatology" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16594", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cognitive dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16595", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "first episode schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16596", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16597", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "first episode schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16598", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16599", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "307" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16600", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16601", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "first episode of illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16602", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "two-thirds" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16603", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "first episode schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16604", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16606", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled trial of phenytoin for the prevention of early posttraumatic seizures in children with moderate to severe blunt head injury . STUDY OBJECTIVE We determine the efficacy of prophylactic phenytoin in preventing early posttraumatic seizures in children with moderate to severe blunt head injury . METHODS Children younger than 16 years and experiencing moderate to severe blunt head injury were randomized to receive phenytoin or placebo within 60 minutes of presentation at 3 pediatric trauma centers . The primary endpoint was posttraumatic seizures within 48 hours ; secondary endpoints were survival and neurologic outcome 30 days after injury . A Bayesian decision-theoretic clinical trial design was used to determine the probability of remaining posttraumatic seizure free for each treatment group . RESULTS One hundred two patients were enrolled , with a median age of 6.1 years . Sixty-eight percent were boys . The 2 treatment groups were well matched . During the 48-hour observation period , 3 ( 7 % ) of 46 patients given phenytoin and 3 ( 5 % ) of 56 patients given placebo experienced a posttraumatic seizure . There were no significant differences between the treatment groups in survival or neurologic outcome after 30 days . According to these results , the probability that phenytoin has the originally hypothesized effect of reducing the rate of early posttraumatic seizures by 12.5 % is 0.0053 . The probability that phenytoin has any prophylactic efficacy is 0.383 . The median effect size in this trial was -0.015 ( seizure rate increased by 1.5 % in the phenytoin group ) , 95 % probability interval -0.127 to 0.091 ( 12.7 % higher rate of posttraumatic seizures to a 9.1 % lower rate of posttraumatic seizures with phenytoin ) . CONCLUSION The rate of early posttraumatic seizures in children may be much lower than previously reported . Phenytoin did not substantially reduce that rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1960 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16607", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16608", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16609", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16610", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16611", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16612", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16613", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16614", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16615", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16616", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16617", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1910, 1919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16618", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "posttraumatic seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "posttraumatic seizure" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16620", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neurologic outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of early posttraumatic seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16623", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "prophylactic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1503, 1524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16624", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "posttraumatic seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16625", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Children younger than 16 years and experiencing moderate to severe blunt head injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16626", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16627", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "46" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16628", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "56" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16630", "type": "document", "text": [ "LDL cholesterol-raising effect of low-dose docosahexaenoic acid in middle-aged men and women . BACKGROUND Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have variable effects on LDL cholesterol , and the effects of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) are uncertain . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the effect on blood lipids of a daily intake of 0.7 g DHA as triacylglycerol in middle-aged men and women . DESIGN Men and women aged 40-65 y ( n = 38 ) underwent a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover trial of treatment with 0.7 g DHA/d for 3 mo . RESULTS DHA supplementation increased the DHA concentration in plasma by 76 % ( P < 0.0001 ) and the proportion in erythrocyte lipids by 58 % ( P < 0.0001 ) . Values for serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , and plasma apolipoprotein B concentrations were 4.2 % ( 0.22 mmol/L ; P = 0.04 ) , 7.1 % ( 0.23 mmol/L ; P = 0.004 ) , and 3.4 % ( P = 0.03 ) higher , respectively , with DHA treatment than with placebo . In addition , the LDL cholesterol : apolipoprotein B ratio was 3.1 % higher with DHA treatment than with placebo ( P = 0.04 ) , which suggested an increase in LDL size . Plasma lathosterol and plant sterol concentrations were unaffected by treatment . CONCLUSION A daily intake of approximately 0.7 g DHA increases LDL cholesterol by 7 % in middle-aged men and women . It is suggested that DHA down-regulates the expression of the LDL receptor ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1445 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16631", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "docosahexaenoic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16632", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16633", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHA" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16634", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16635", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHA/d" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16636", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHA" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16637", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16638", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16639", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHA" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16640", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHA" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16641", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effect on blood lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16642", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "DHA concentration in plasma" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16643", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proportion in erythrocyte lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16644", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , and plasma apolipoprotein B concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16645", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL cholesterol : apolipoprotein B ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16646", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in LDL size" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16647", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma lathosterol and plant sterol concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16648", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increases LDL cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16649", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16650", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16651", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "40-65 y" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16653", "type": "document", "text": [ "Metoprolol CR/XL improves systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in patients with chronic heart failure . AIMS To investigate whether metoprolol controlled release/extended release ( CR/XL ) once daily would improve diastolic and systolic left ventricular function in patients with chronic heart failure and decreased ejection fraction . METHODS In an echocardiographic substudy to the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Heart Failure ( MERIT-HF ) , 66 patients were examined three times during a 12-month period blinded to treatment group , assessing left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction , and Doppler mitral inflow parameters , all measured in a core laboratory . RESULTS In the metoprolol CR/XL group left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 0.26 to 0.31 ( P = 0.009 ) after a mean observation period of 10.6 months , and deceleration time of the early mitral filling wave ( E ) increased from 189 to 246 ms ( P = 0.0012 ) , time velocity integral of E-wave increased from 8.7 to 11.2 cm ( P = 0.018 ) , and the duration of the late mitral filling wave ( A ) increased from 122 to 145 ms ( P = 0.014 ) . No significant changes were seen in the placebo group regarding any of these variables . CONCLUSION Metoprolol CR/XL once daily in addition to standard therapy improved both diastolic and systolic function in patients with chronic heart failure and decreased ejection fraction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1432 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16654", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metoprolol CR/XL" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16655", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoprolol controlled release/extended release ( CR/XL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16656", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metoprolol CR/XL" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16657", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoprolol CR/XL" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16658", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16659", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metoprolol CR/XL" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16660", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic and diastolic left ventricular function" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16661", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diastolic and systolic left ventricular function" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16662", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction , and Doppler mitral inflow parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16663", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular ejection fraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16664", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time of the early mitral filling wave" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16665", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time velocity integral of E-wave" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16666", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of the late mitral filling wave" ], "offsets": [ [ 1062, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16667", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diastolic and systolic function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16668", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16669", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "66" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16671", "type": "document", "text": [ "Reflexive orienting in response to eye gaze and an arrow in children with and without autism . BACKGROUND This study investigated whether another person 's social attention , specifically the direction of their eye gaze , and a non-social directional cue , an arrow , triggered reflexive orienting in children with and without autism in an experimental situation . METHODS Children with autism and typically developed children participated in one of two experiments . Both experiments involved the localization of a target that appeared to the left or right of the fixation point . Before the target appeared , the participant 's attention was cued to the left or right by either an arrow or the direction of eye gaze on a computerized face . RESULTS Children with autism were slower to respond , which suggests a slight difference in the general cognitive ability of the groups . In Experiment 1 , although the participants were instructed to disregard the cue and the target was correctly cued in only 50 % of the trials , both groups of children responded significantly faster to cued targets than to uncued targets , regardless of the cue . In Experiment 2 , children were instructed to attend to the direction opposite that of the cues and the target was correctly cued in only 20 % of the trials . Typically developed children located targets cued by eye gaze more quickly , while the arrow cue did not trigger such reflexive orienting in these children . However , both social and non-social cues shifted attention to the cued location in children with autism . CONCLUSION These results indicate that eye gaze attracted attention more effectively than the arrow in typically developed children , while children with autism shifted their attention equally in response to eye gaze and arrow direction , failing to show preferential sensitivity to the social cue . Difficulty in shifting controlled attention to the instructed side was also found in children with autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1976 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16672", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "arrow" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16673", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "localization of a target" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16674", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "arrow" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16675", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "direction of eye gaze on a computerized face" ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16676", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16677", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reflexive orienting" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16678", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "slower to respond" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16679", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive ability" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16680", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "responded" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16681", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "located targets cued by eye gaze" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16682", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reflexive orienting" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16683", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16684", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16685", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1837, 1848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16686", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16687", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16688", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with and without autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16690", "type": "document", "text": [ "Perispinal analgesia for labour followed by patient-controlled infusion with bupivacaine and sufentanil : combined spinal-epidural vs. epidural analgesia alone . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Combined spinal-epidural is an alternative technique to epidural analgesia for labour , but its benefits are not clearly identified . METHODS A prospective , blinded , randomized study was undertaken involving 113 women attending a university hospital obstetric department . Analgesia was initiated with intrathecal bupivacaine 0.25 % 1 mL + sufentanil 5 microg in the combined spinal-epidural group ( n = 54 ) , and with bupivacaine 0.125 % + epinephrine 2.5 microg mL ( -1 ) + sufentanil 7.5 microg in the epidural group ( n = 59 ) . In both cases this was followed by patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.125 % ( + sufentanil 0.25 microg mL ( -1 ) ) . Duration of labour , quality of analgesia and side-effects were compared between groups . RESULTS In the combined spinal-epidural group , the onset of analgesia was faster ( 5 vs. 15 min , P < 0.001 ) , the consumption of bupivacaine was lower ( 7.5 vs. 11.3 mg h ( -1 ) , P = 0.003 ) and there was less unilateral analgesia ( 14.8 % vs. 40.7 % , P = 0.002 ) than in the epidural group . The characteristics of labour were similar in both groups . However , in the combined spinal-epidural group , there was a higher incidence of posterior presentation ( 25.9 % vs. 10 % , P = 0.03 ) , pruritus ( P < 0.001 ) , hypotension ( P = 0.002 ) , somnolence ( P = 0.01 ) , nausea ( P = 0.02 ) and one case of meningitis . CONCLUSIONS The combined spinal-epidural technique provided more effective analgesia during labour than epidural analgesia alone but offered no other advantage . It induced more adverse effects and this should be considered before routinely using the combined spinal-epidural technique ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1863 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16691", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16692", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sufentanil" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16693", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spinal-epidural vs. epidural" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16694", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine 0.25 % 1 mL" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16695", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sufentanil 5 microg" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16696", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine 0.125 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 609, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16697", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine 2.5 microg mL ( -1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16698", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sufentanil 7.5 microg" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16699", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "In both cases this was followed by patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.125 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16700", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sufentanil 0.25 microg mL ( -1 ) )" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16701", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16702", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16703", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16704", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "unilateral analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16705", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "characteristics of labour" ], "offsets": [ [ 1254, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16706", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of posterior presentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16707", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1448, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16708", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1473, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16709", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "somnolence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1501, 1511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16710", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16711", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "meningitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1563, 1573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16712", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "113" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16713", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16714", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "during labour" ], "offsets": [ [ 1661, 1674 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16716", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cyproheptadine in the treatment of autistic disorder : a double-blind placebo-controlled trial . OBJECTIVE Autism is a childhood-onset disorder of unknown , possibly of multiple aetiologies . The core symptoms of autism are abnormalities in social interaction , communication and behaviour . The involvement of neurotransmitters such as 5-HT has been suggested in neuropsychiatric disorders and particularly in autistic disorder . Increased platelet 5-HT levels were found in 40 % of the autistic population , suggesting that hyperserotonaemia may be a pathologic factor in infantile autism . Therefore , it is of interest to assess the efficacy of cyproheptadine , a 5-HT2 antagonist in the treatment of autistic disorder . In this 8-week double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , we assessed the effects of cyproheptadine plus haloperidol in the treatment of autistic disorder . METHODS Children between the ages 3 and 11 years ( inclusive ) with a DSM IV clinical diagnosis of autism and who were outpatients from a specialty clinic for children at Roozbeh Psychiatric Teaching Hospital were recruited . The children presented with a chief complaint of severely disruptive symptoms related to autistic disorder . Patients were randomly allocated to cyproheptadine + haloperidol ( Group A ) or haloperidol + placebo ( Group B ) for an 8-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . The dose of haloperidol and cyproheptadine was titrated up to 0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg/day respectively . Patients were assessed by a third-year resident of psychiatry at baseline and after 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 weeks of starting medication . The primary measure of the outcome was the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Community ( ABC-C ) and the secondary measure of the outcome was the Childhood Autism Rating Scale ( relating to people and verbal communication ) . Side effects and extrapyramidal symptoms were systematically recorded throughout the study and were assessed using a checklist and the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale , administered by a resident of psychiatry during weeks 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 . RESULTS The ABC-C and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores improved with cyproheptadine . The behaviour of the two treatments was not homogeneous across time ( groups-by-time interaction , Greenhouse-Geisser correction ; F = 7.30 , d.f . = 1.68 , P = 0.002 ; F = 8.21 , d.f . = 1.19 , P = 0.004 respectively ) . The difference between the two treatments was significant as indicated by the effect of group , and the between-subjects factor ( F = 4.17 , d.f . = 1 , P = 0.048 ; F = 4.29 , d.f . = 1 , P = 0.045 respectively ) . No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of extrapyramidal symptoms ( P = 0.23 ) . The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant . CONCLUSION The results suggest that the combination of cyproheptadine with a conventional antipsychotic may be superior to conventional antipsychotic alone for children with autistic disorder . However the results need confirmation by a larger randomized controlled trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3100 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16717", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cyproheptadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16718", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16719", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyproheptadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16720", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-HT2 antagonist" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16721", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16722", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyproheptadine plus haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16723", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyproheptadine + haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16724", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16725", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "+ placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16726", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol and cyproheptadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16727", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyproheptadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16728", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyproheptadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16729", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "conventional antipsychotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 2904, 2930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16730", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "conventional antipsychotic alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2950, 2982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16731", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Community ( ABC-C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16732", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Childhood Autism Rating Scale ( relating to people and verbal communication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1760, 1835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16733", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "ABC-C and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 2102, 2152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16734", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "extrapyramidal symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1857, 1880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16735", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "frequency of side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 2779, 2804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16736", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder :" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16737", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "infantile autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16738", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Children between the ages 3 and 11 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16739", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "DSM IV clinical diagnosis of autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16740", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "outpatients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1011 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16741", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16742", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16743", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16744", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16746", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in a patient-controlled analgesia environment . We conducted a prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron on post-operative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) during opioid patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) . In total , 374 patients using opioid PCA , but otherwise considered to be low risk for PONV , were randomly allocated to ondansetron ( 4 mg given intravenously and 16 mg added into the PCA pump ) or saline ( control group ) . PONV was evaluated in terms of nausea graded on a visual analogue scale , and the number of patients who experienced emetic episodes or needed rescue anti-emetics in the 48-h post-operative period . Patient satisfaction for PCA was scored at the end of the evaluation period . The only difference between the two groups was the higher number of headaches in the ondansetron group . In patients using opioid PCA , but with no other high risk factors for PONV , prophylactic ondansetron does not have any clinical benefit ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1066 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16747", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16748", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prophylactic ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16749", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16750", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16751", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "post-operative nausea and vomiting ( PONV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16752", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "PONV" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16753", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea graded on a visual analogue scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16754", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "number of patients who experienced emetic episodes or needed rescue anti-emetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16755", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16756", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "higher number of headaches" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16757", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "PONV" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16758", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "374" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16759", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PONV" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16761", "type": "document", "text": [ "Phase III trial of gemcitabine plus tipifarnib compared with gemcitabine plus placebo in advanced pancreatic cancer . PURPOSE To determine whether addition of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib ( Zarnestra , R115777 ; Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development , Beerse , Belgium ) to standard gemcitabine therapy improves overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer . PATIENTS AND METHODS This randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study compared gemcitabine + tipifarnib versus gemcitabine + placebo in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma previously untreated with systemic therapy . Tipifarnib was given at 200 mg bid orally continuously ; gemcitabine was given at 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously weekly x 7 for 8 weeks , then weekly x 3 every 4 weeks . The primary end point was overall survival ; secondary end points included 6-month and 1-year survival rates , progression-free survival , response rate , safety , and quality of life . RESULTS Six hundred eighty-eight patients were enrolled . Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two treatment arms . No statistically significant differences in survival parameters were observed . The median overall survival for the experimental arm was 193 v 182 days for the control arm ( P =.75 ) ; 6-month and 1-year survival rates were 53 % and 27 % v 49 % and 24 % for the control arm , respectively ; median progression-free survival was 112 v 109 days for the control arm . Ten drug-related deaths were reported for the experimental arm and seven for the control arm . Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia grade > or = 3 were observed in 40 % and 15 % in the experimental arm versus 30 % and 12 % in the control arm . Incidences of nonhematologic adverse events were similar in two groups . CONCLUSION The combination of gemcitabine and tipifarnib has an acceptable toxicity profile but does not prolong overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer compared with single-agent gemcitabine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2007 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16762", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gemcitabine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16763", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tipifarnib" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16764", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gemcitabine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16765", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16766", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tipifarnib" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16767", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gemcitabine + tipifarnib" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16768", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tipifarnib was given at 200 mg bid orally continuously ; gemcitabine was given at 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously weekly x 7 for 8 weeks , then weekly x 3 every 4 weeks ." ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16769", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gemcitabine and tipifarnib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1837, 1863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16770", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16771", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16772", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "6-month and 1-year survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16773", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16774", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16775", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16776", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16777", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16778", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1213, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16779", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "6-month and 1-year survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16780", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1420, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16781", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "drug-related deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1498, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16782", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nonhematologic adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1748, 1777 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16783", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16784", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Six hundred eighty-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16786", "type": "document", "text": [ "Bisphosphonate infusions : patient preference , safety and clinic use . GOALS OF WORK We set out to assess the preference of patients with common cancers involving bone receiving intravenous bisphosphonate therapy for either pamidronate ( P ) or zoledronic acid ( Z ) and their preference for the location of the infusion ( clinic or home ) . We also aimed to monitor these patients ' renal safety , and to compare their time in clinic to receive P and Z infusions . PATIENTS AND METHODS Enrolled in the study were 184 patients , and all received initial infusions of Z ( so any first infusion reactions did not confound preferences for P ) . For their second and third infusions , patients were randomized to receive Z then P or P then Z , and questioned on their preferences . For up to 1 year they continued on Z infusions every 3-4 weeks , while their renal safety was monitored . Where practical , later infusions were given at home ( rather than in the clinic ) and patients questioned on their preferred infusion location . In a convenience subset of 43 patients , clinic use for Z and P infusions was also measured by timing infusions and other procedures . MAIN RESULTS Of 144 patients who received a third infusion , 138 responded to questions on bisphosphonate preference , and of these 138 , 92 % ( 127 ) preferred Z to P , because shorter infusions caused less disruption to their day . Only 12 % of eligible patients ( 16/138 ) received home infusions , but 13/14 questioned preferred this location . Among 184 patients , 19 episodes of renal impairment were noted , mostly owing to disease progression ( e.g . obstructive uropathy ) , with none linked to Z therapy . The mean clinic time taken to receive Z and any concomitant therapy was about half that for P ( 78 vs 161 min ) . CONCLUSIONS Cancer patients prefer shorter bisphosphonate infusions-and at home , where practical . Regular Z 4 mg infusions appear to be safe in these patients , with routine monitoring of serum creatinine . Using Z rather than P could save busy cancer centres time and improve patient satisfaction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2097 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16787", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bisphosphonate infusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16788", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bisphosphonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16789", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pamidronate ( P )" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16790", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zoledronic acid ( Z )" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16791", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "P and Z infusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16792", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "infusions of Z" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16793", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Z then P" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16794", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "P then Z" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16795", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Z infusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Z and P infusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Z" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "P" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16799", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Z" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bisphosphonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16801", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Z" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16802", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Z rather than P" ], "offsets": [ [ 2011, 2026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16803", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient preference" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16804", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16805", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinic use" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16806", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "renal safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16807", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "disruption to their day" ], "offsets": [ [ 1374, 1397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16808", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1551, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16809", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disease progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1597, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16810", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean clinic time taken to receive Z and any concomitant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1686, 1749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16811", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "bisphosphonate infusions-and" ], "offsets": [ [ 1839, 1867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16812", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16813", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 2075, 2095 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16814", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16815", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "184" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16816", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "12 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16817", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1808, 1814 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16819", "type": "document", "text": [ "Should insertion of intramedullary nails for tibial fractures be with or without reaming ? A prospective , randomized study with 3.8 years ' follow-up . OBJECTIVE To determine if any differences exist in healing and complications between reamed and unreamed nailing in patients with tibial shaft fractures . DESIGN Prospective , randomized . SETTING Level 1 trauma center . PATIENTS Forty-five patients with displaced closed and open Gustilo type I-IIIA fractures of the central two thirds of the tibia . INTERVENTION Stabilization of tibial fractures either with a slotted , stainless steel reamed nail or a solid , titanium unreamed nail . MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Nonunions , time to fracture healing , and rate of malunions . RESULTS The average time to fracture healing was 16.7 weeks in the reamed group and 25.7 weeks in the unreamed group . The difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.004 ) . There were three nonunions , all in the unreamed nail group . Two of these fractures healed after dynamization by removing static interlocking screws . The third nonunion did not heal despite exchange reamed nailing 2 years after the primary surgery and dynamization with a fibular osteotomy after an additional 1 year . There were two malunions in the reamed group and four malunions in the unreamed group . There were no differences for all other outcome measurements . CONCLUSION Unreamed nailing in patients with tibial shaft fractures may be associated with higher rates of secondary operations and malunions compared with reamed nailing . The time to fracture healing was significantly longer with unreamed nails ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1631 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16820", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "reamed and unreamed nailing" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16821", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stabilization of tibial fractures either with a slotted , stainless steel reamed nail or a solid , titanium unreamed nail ." ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16822", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "reamed" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16823", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "unreamed" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16824", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "unreamed nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16825", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "reamed" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16826", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "reamed nailing ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16827", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nonunions" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16828", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to fracture healing , and rate of malunions" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16829", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "average time to fracture healing" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16830", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nonunions" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16831", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "healed after dynamization by removing static interlocking screws" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1060 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16832", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heal" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16833", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "malunions" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16834", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "malunions" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16835", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rates of secondary operations and malunions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1481, 1524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16836", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to fracture healing" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16837", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "tibial" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16839", "type": "document", "text": [ "Calcium chloride before i.v . diltiazem in the management of atrial fibrillation . Diltiazem is commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation or flutter ( AFF ) with rapid ventricular response ( RVR ) . Although it is very effective for rate control , up to an 18 % prevalence of reported diltiazem-induced hypotension [ defined by systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) < 90 mm Hg ] , and a mean of 9.7 % hypotension have been reported from several studies totaling over 450 patients . This hypotension may complicate therapy . Our objective was to determine if calcium chloride ( CaCl ( 2 ) ) pre-treatment would blunt a SBP drop after i.v . diltiazem , while allowing diltiazem to maintain its efficacy . A prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was conducted . Seventy-eight patients with AFF and a ventricular rate of > /= 120 beats per minute were enrolled . Half received i.v . CaCl ( 2 ) pre-treatment ; the other half received placebo . All patients then received i.v . diltiazem in a standard , weight-based dose . A second dose of CaCl ( 2 ) pre-treatment or placebo and diltiazem was given if clinically indicated for additional rate control . Both CaCl ( 2 ) and placebo pre-treatment groups had equal lowering of heart rate ( p < 0.001 ) . There were no adverse events in the calcium pre-treatment study arm . One patient in the placebo group became paradoxically more tachycardic and apneic after the diltiazem infusion . Although i.v . CaCl ( 2 ) seems to be equally safe compared to placebo as a pre-treatment in the management of AFF with RVR , we were unable to find a statistically significant blunting of SBP drop with CaCl ( 2 ) i.v . pre-treatment . Until further research determines a benefit exists , we can not recommend i.v . CaCl ( 2 ) pre-treatment before diltiazem in the treatment of AFF with RVR ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1847 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16840", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Calcium chloride before i.v" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16841", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16842", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16843", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem-induced" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16844", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium chloride ( CaCl ( 2 ) )" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16845", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16846", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CaCl ( 2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16847", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16848", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16849", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16850", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16851", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16852", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CaCl ( 2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16853", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16854", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "management of atrial fibrillation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16855", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate control" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16856", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diltiazem-induced hypotension [ defined by systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) < 90 mm Hg ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16857", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16858", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16859", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "SBP drop" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16860", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1245, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16861", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1286, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16862", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "tachycardic and apneic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16863", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16864", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "flutter ( AFF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16865", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "450" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16866", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seventy-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16867", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "AFF" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16868", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16870", "type": "document", "text": [ "Improved intraoperative management of anastomotic bleeding during aortic reconstruction : results of a randomized controlled trial . In a randomized controlled trial , the effectiveness of a polymeric surgical sealant ( CoSeal ) was compared to Gelfoam/thrombin for managing anastomotic bleeding after implantation of Dacron grafts during aortic reconstruction for nonruptured aneurysms . Each treatment was directly applied to the suture line after confirmation of anastomotic bleeding . The proportion of suture line sites that achieved immediate sealing and the proportion sealed within 5 minutes were determined among 37 experimental ( 59 sites ) and 17 control subjects ( 27 sites ) . A significantly greater proportion of bleeding suture line sites treated with the polymeric sealant achieved immediate sealing following reestablishment of blood flow compared with control-treated sites [ 48 of 59 ( 81 % ) vs 10 of 27 ( 37 % ) ; P = 0.002 ] . The difference between treatment groups was maintained after 5 minutes with approximately 85 per cent ( 50 of 59 ) of CoSeal sites compared to just over one-half ( 14 of 27 ) of control sites demonstrating ultimate sealing ( P = 0.01 ) . There were no adverse events related to the use of the polymeric sealant in this study . These results support the use of this novel sealant for the intraoperative management of anastomotic bleeding during aortic reconstruction procedures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1428 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16871", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "polymeric surgical sealant ( CoSeal )" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16872", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16873", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Each treatment was directly applied to the suture line after confirmation of anastomotic bleeding ." ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16874", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "polymeric sealant" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16875", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CoSeal" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16876", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "polymeric sealant" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16877", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Improved intraoperative management" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16878", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16879", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anastomotic bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16880", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "immediate sealing" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16881", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "immediate sealing" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16882", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ultimate sealing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16883", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anastomotic bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16884", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anastomotic bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16885", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nonruptured aneurysms" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16886", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "37" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 624 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16887", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "17" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16888", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anastomotic bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16890", "type": "document", "text": [ "The reversibility of increased airways resistance in chronic heart failure measured by impulse oscillometry . BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heart failure complain of breathlessness and fatigue on exercise . Airways resistance is increased and lung compliance is reduced in chronic heart failure patients . The aim of this study was to determine whether the pulmonary abnormalities are reversible and whether any improvements lead to changes to exercise capacity or symptoms . METHODS Twelve patients with stable chronic heart failure and 10 matched controls underwent repeated assessment of airways resistance using impulse oscillometry and peak exercise testing with metabolic gas exchange after receiving nebulized saline as placebo or combined salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in a double-blind crossover randomized fashion . RESULTS Patients had lower peak oxygen consumption and a steeper slope relating ventilation to carbon dioxide production than controls . Bronchodilators reduced peripheral airways resistance in patients ( 0.53 versus 0.38 , P < .02 ) and controls ( 0.21 versus 0.19 , P < .005 ) and increased measures of compliance in both groups . There was no effect on the peak oxygen consumption , exercise time , ventilation to carbon dioxide slope , or anaerobic threshold . There was an increase in peak tidal volume ( VT ) in both groups but this did not lead to an increase in peak ventilation . The slope relating symptoms to ventilation ( ie , Borg/VE ) was significantly reduced in the patients after bronchodilators ( 17 % +/-8 % , P < .05 ) . The relationship between the improvement in VT and reduction in gradient of the Borg/VE slope was significant ( r=.40 , P < .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Nebulized bronchodilators improve airways resistance , lung reactance , and peak tidal volume during exercise in chronic heart failure but do not increase peak exercise capacity . They do , however , reduce the symptom of breathlessness ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1957 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16891", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "oscillometry and peak exercise testing with metabolic gas exchange" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 693 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16892", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "nebulized saline as placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16893", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16894", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ipratropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16895", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak oxygen consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16896", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak oxygen consumption , exercise time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16897", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventilation to carbon dioxide slope" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16898", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anaerobic threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16899", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak tidal volume ( VT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16900", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16901", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16902", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Borg/VE slope" ], "offsets": [ [ 1655, 1668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16903", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "airways resistance , lung reactance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1753, 1788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16904", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak tidal volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16905", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptom of breathlessness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1930, 1955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16906", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16907", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twelve patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16908", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stable chronic heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16909", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10 matched controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16911", "type": "document", "text": [ "Bitewing film quality : a clinical comparison of the loop vs. holder techniques . OBJECTIVE To compare in vivo bitewing film quality using the holder versus the paper loop technique . METHOD AND MATERIALS Four bitewing films were taken from the right and left premolar and molar regions of 45 dental students using both the bitewing holder and paper loop techniques . A total of 360 films were taken and assessed by an experienced practitioner not apprised of the bitewing technique used . Of interest were : ( 1 ) the number of overlaps and the percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest ; ( 2 ) proper film positioning ; and ( 3 ) the percentage of cone cutting . A Poisson regression using generalized estimating equations ( GEEs ) was used to estimate the difference in overlap between the two techniques . For proper positioning and cone cutting , logistic regressions using GEEs were used . RESULTS The average number of horizontal overlaps for the loop and holder techniques at the right premolar , right molar , left premolar , and left molar were 1.64 , 2.11 , 2.16 , 2.78 , and 1.64 , 2.00 , 2.00 , 2.18 , respectively . The loop technique was 1.11 times more likely to cause overlapping than the holder technique . The highest percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest by the loop technique was 97.8 % in the mandibular second premolar and first molar . With respect to film positioning , the loop technique was 1.12 times more likely to cause improper positioning than the holder technique . Both techniques demonstrated minimal cone cutting ( 1 in the loop versus 0 in the holder ) . CONCLUSION The quality of bitewing films taken by the loop and holder techniques was not significantly different ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1720 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16912", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "loop" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16913", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "holder techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16914", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "holder" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16915", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "the paper loop technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16916", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "bitewing holder" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16917", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "paper loop techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16918", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "bitewing technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16919", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "loop" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16920", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "holder techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16921", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "loop technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16922", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "holder technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16923", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "loop technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16924", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "loop technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16925", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "holder technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16926", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "loop" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16927", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "holder techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16928", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "average number of horizontal overlaps for the loop and holder techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 985 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16929", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overlapping" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16930", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "highest percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest by the loop technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16931", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "improper positioning" ], "offsets": [ [ 1464, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16932", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "minimal cone cutting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16933", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "45" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16935", "type": "document", "text": [ "Primary stenting of occluded native coronary arteries : final results of the Primary Stenting of Occluded Native Coronary Arteries ( PRISON ) study . BACKGROUND Primary intracoronary stent placement after successfully crossing chronic total coronary occlusions may decrease the high restenosis rate at long-term follow-up compared with conventional balloon angioplasty . METHODS In a prospective , randomized trial , balloon angioplasty was compared with stent implantation for the treatment of chronic total occlusions . Patients were followed for 12 months with angiographic follow-up at 6 months . Quantitative coronary analysis was performed by an independent core lab . RESULTS A total of 200 patients were enrolled . Baseline characteristics were evenly distributed . After the procedure the mean minimal luminal diameter in the conventional group was 2.34 +/- 0.46 mm versus 2.90 +/- 0.41 mm in the stented group ( P < .0001 ) . The 6-month angiographic follow-up showed a mean minimal luminal diameter of 1.57 +/- 0.74 mm in the conventional group versus 1.93 +/- 0.85 mm in the stented group ( P =.009 ) and a mean diameter stenosis of 44.7 % +/- 25.0 % versus 35.5 % +/- 26.5 % ( P =.036 ) . Binary angiographic restenosis ( > 50 % diameter stenosis ) was seen in 33 % in the conventional group versus 22 % in the stented group ( P =.137 ) . The reocclusion rates were 7.3 % and 8.2 % , respectively ( P = 1.00 ) . At 12 month follow-up , the rate of target lesion revascularization was significantly higher in the conventional group ( 29 % versus 13 % , P < .0001 ) . CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that stenting of chronic total occlusions is superior to balloon angioplasty alone with a statistically significant reduction in the need for target lesion revascularization and a lower , but not significant , restenosis rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1840 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16936", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Primary stenting" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16937", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Primary intracoronary stent placement" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16938", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional balloon angioplasty ." ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16939", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "balloon angioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16940", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stent implantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16941", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "conventional" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16942", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stented" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16943", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stented" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16944", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "conventional" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16945", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stenting" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16946", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "balloon angioplasty alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1670, 1695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16947", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean minimal luminal diameter" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16948", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean minimal luminal diameter" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16949", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean diameter stenosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16950", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Binary angiographic restenosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16951", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reocclusion rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1356, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16952", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rate of target lesion revascularization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1453, 1492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16953", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "target lesion revascularization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1461, 1492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "restenosis rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16955", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic total occlusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16956", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "200" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16958", "type": "document", "text": [ "Increased repetitive behaviours and prolactin responsivity to oral m-chlorophenylpiperazine in adults with autism spectrum disorders . Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunction in three primary behavioural domains : repetitive behaviours , social deficits , and language abnormalities . There is evidence that abnormalities exist in the serotonin ( 5-HT ) system in autism spectrum patients . Furthermore , 5-HT is known to play a role in repetitive and social behaviours . This study examined the effect of m-chlorophenylpiperazine ( m-CPP ) on repetitive behaviours and prolactin response in 11 adults with autism or Aspergers disorder and 8 age- and gender-matched healthy controls via randomized double-blind , m-CPP and placebo challenges . The primary outcome measure was an instrument rating six repetitive behaviours : need to know , repeating , ordering , need to tell/ask , self-injury , and touching . Patients with autism spectrum disorders showed a significant increase in repetitive behaviours at end-point following oral m-CPP in comparison to placebo . Additionally subjects with autism spectrum disorders showed a significantly increased prolactin response to m-CPP compared to normal controls , with neither group responding to placebo . This study provides further evidence for altered 5-HT sensitivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders , as well as a possible relationship between repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorders and abnormalities in the 5-HT system ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1529 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16959", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "m-chlorophenylpiperazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16960", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "m-chlorophenylpiperazine ( m-CPP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16961", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16962", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral m-CPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16963", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16964", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "m-CPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16965", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "instrument rating six repetitive behaviours : need to know , repeating , ordering , need to tell/ask , self-injury , and touching" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16966", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "repetitive behaviours" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16967", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "oral m-CPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16968", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prolactin response to m-CPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1182, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16969", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adults with autism spectrum disorders ." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16971", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer . BACKGROUND Minimally invasive , laparoscopically assisted surgery was first considered in 1990 for patients undergoing colectomy for cancer . Concern that this approach would compromise survival by failing to achieve a proper oncologic resection or adequate staging or by altering patterns of recurrence ( based on frequent reports of tumor recurrences within surgical wounds ) prompted a controlled trial evaluation . METHODS We conducted a noninferiority trial at 48 institutions and randomly assigned 872 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon to undergo open or laparoscopically assisted colectomy performed by credentialed surgeons . The median follow-up was 4.4 years . The primary end point was the time to tumor recurrence . RESULTS At three years , the rates of recurrence were similar in the two groups -- 16 percent among patients in the group that underwent laparoscopically assisted surgery and 18 percent among patients in the open-colectomy group ( two-sided P=0.32 ; hazard ratio for recurrence , 0.86 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.63 to 1.17 ) . Recurrence rates in surgical wounds were less than 1 percent in both groups ( P=0.50 ) . The overall survival rate at three years was also very similar in the two groups ( 86 percent in the laparoscopic-surgery group and 85 percent in the open-colectomy group ; P=0.51 ; hazard ratio for death in the laparoscopic-surgery group , 0.91 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.68 to 1.21 ) , with no significant difference between groups in the time to recurrence or overall survival for patients with any stage of cancer . Perioperative recovery was faster in the laparoscopic-surgery group than in the open-colectomy group , as reflected by a shorter median hospital stay ( five days vs. six days , P < 0.001 ) and briefer use of parenteral narcotics ( three days vs. four days , P < 0.001 ) and oral analgesics ( one day vs. two days , P=0.02 ) . The rates of intraoperative complications , 30-day postoperative mortality , complications at discharge and 60 days , hospital readmission , and reoperation were very similar between groups . CONCLUSIONS In this multi-institutional study , the rates of recurrent cancer were similar after laparoscopically assisted colectomy and open colectomy , suggesting that the laparoscopic approach is an acceptable alternative to open surgery for colon cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2449 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16972", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16973", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopically assisted surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16974", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open or laparoscopically assisted colectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16975", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopically assisted colectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16976", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open colectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16977", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to tumor recurrence ." ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16978", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rates of recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16979", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Recurrence rates in surgical wounds" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16980", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16981", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "hazard ratio for death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16982", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16983", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16984", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Perioperative recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1672, 1694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16985", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "median hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1801, 1821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16986", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "intraoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 2011, 2039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16987", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "30-day postoperative mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2042, 2072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16988", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications at discharge and 60 days" ], "offsets": [ [ 2075, 2113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16989", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital readmission , and reoperation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2116, 2154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16990", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rates of recurrent cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 2242, 2267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16991", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "colon cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16992", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing colectomy for cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16993", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "872" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16994", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adenocarcinoma of the colon" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "16996", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective randomised study of double hemi-body irradiation with and without subsequent maintenance recombinant alpha 2b interferon on survival in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma . Immediately before first hemi-body irradiation , 59 patients with relapsed multiple myeloma were randomised to receive or not to receive subsequent alpha-2b interferon maintenance . 13 patients ( 22 % ) [ 8 of 31 ( 26 % ) controls , 5 of 28 ( 18 % ) in the interferon arm ] received single hemi-body irradiation alone due to progressive disease and/or persistent cytopoenias following the initial procedure . Mean time between upper and lower hemi-body irradiation was 69 days ( range 35-294 ) . Of 23 patients randomised to receive interferon and completing double hemi-body irradiation , 15 ( 65 % ) achieved peripheral blood counts adequate to allow interferon administration as per study criteria commencing at a mean 116 days ( 61-241 ) from time of study entry . The mean period of interferon therapy , starting at a mean 65 days ( 26-160 ) post second hemi-body irradiation , is 16.4 months ( 2-33.5 ) . There was no significant difference in median survival durations ( 10 months ) from time of initial radiotherapy between control and interferon patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1255 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16997", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hemi-body irradiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16998", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant alpha 2b interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "16999", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alpha-2b interferon maintenance" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17000", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "single hemi-body irradiation alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17001", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17002", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17003", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peripheral blood counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17004", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median survival durations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1140, 1165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17005", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "59" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 241 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17007", "type": "document", "text": [ "ROMEO : rethink organization to improve education and outcomes . AIMS Scarcity of resources , expertise and evidence-based models have so far limited delivery of patient-centred diabetes education . We have developed and validated a group care approach that is applicable to everyday clinical practice and cost-effective in improving metabolic control , knowledge of diabetes , health behaviours , and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes . A clinical trial ( ROMEO ) was planned to evaluate applicability and reproducibility of group care in other outpatients facilities and assess its impact on a larger patient population . METHODS Multicentre , randomized , controlled clinical trial of group vs. individual care in the routine management of Type 2 diabetes . Nine hundred patient aged < 80 , with diabetes of > or =1 year known duration , treated by either diet alone or diet and oral agents , will be recruited in 15 centres and followed for 4 years . Training of physicians , nurses and dietitians included preparation of operating manual and videos , interactive sessions , and evaluation of local facilities and resources . RESULTS PRIMARY MEASUREMENTS 3-monthly HbA1c , fasting blood glucose , body weight , waist-hip ratio , yearly blood lipids , and bi-yearly assessment of knowledge of diabetes , health behaviours and quality of life . SECONDARY OUTCOMES systolic and diastolic blood pressure , evaluation of ECG for ischaemia and QT interval , hypoglycaemic and anti-hypertensive medication and cardiovascular events . Analysis will be by intention-to-treat . DISCUSSION If ROMEO confirms that group care can be successfully implemented in different clinics , a novel clinico-pedagogic tool will have been acquired to support patient-centred education , improve lifestyle and outcomes , support team work , enhance providers ' attitudes and competencies and ameliorate diabetes care organization ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1910 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17008", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "group" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17009", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "individual care" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diet alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17011", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diet and oral agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17012", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Training of physicians , nurses and dietitians included preparation of operating manual and videos , interactive sessions , and evaluation of local facilities and resources" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17013", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "metabolic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17014", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "knowledge of diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17015", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health behaviours" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17016", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17017", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "3-monthly HbA1c" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17018", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasting blood glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17019", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17020", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "waist-hip ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17021", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "yearly blood lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17022", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bi-yearly assessment of knowledge of diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17023", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "health behaviours" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17024", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17025", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic and diastolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17026", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "evaluation of ECG for ischaemia and QT interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17027", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypoglycaemic and anti-hypertensive medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1457, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1508, 1529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17029", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "improve lifestyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 1767, 1784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17030", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "support team work" ], "offsets": [ [ 1800, 1817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17031", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "enhance providers ' attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1820, 1849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17032", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "larger patient population ." ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 624 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17033", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Nine hundred" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17034", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "< 80" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17035", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17037", "type": "document", "text": [ "Role of the placebo effect in evaluating antidepressant efficacy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17038", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17039", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "antidepressant efficacy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17040", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "antidepressant efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17042", "type": "document", "text": [ "A description of the clinical characteristics at baseline of patients recruited into the Carvedilol or Metoprolol European Trial ( COMET ) . BACKGROUND & AIMS The COMET trial was a prospective , double-blind , randomised trial comparing carvedilol , a comprehensive adrenergic receptor antagonist , with metoprolol , a beta-1-selective agent in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction . The trial showed a reduction in mortality with carvedilol that was consistent across subgroups . The purpose of this report is to describe in greater detail the heterogeneity of this population at baseline with particular reference to the impact of symptomatic severity , age and gender on patient characteristics . METHODS A descriptive report using data entered in the COMET study data-base . RESULTS The characteristics of the population studied were similar to those reported in previous trials of beta-blockers . Almost all patients were receiving diuretics and ACE inhibitors with few patients taking angiotensin receptor blockers . As expected , older patients had more co-morbidity . Older patients and women reported worse symptoms and poorer well-being despite similar ventricular dimensions and systolic dysfunction . NT-proBNP was higher in patients with more severe symptoms and older patients but not in women , although differences in NT-proBNP may have been confounded by differences in renal function . CONCLUSION Age and gender , as well as the severity of cardiac dysfunction , appear to have an important effect on the severity of heart failure symptoms and patient 'well-being ' . This could have important implications for the relationship between symptoms and prognosis and therefore the way in which patients are selected for clinical trials and the goals of treatment . This will be the subject of further analyses ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1858 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17043", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17044", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metoprolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17045", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COMET" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17046", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17047", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antagonist" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17048", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoprolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17049", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-1-selective agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17050", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17051", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COMET" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17052", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17053", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17054", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "angiotensin receptor blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17055", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 458 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "co-morbidity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17057", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17058", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17059", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "poorer well-being" ], "offsets": [ [ 1162, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17060", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular dimensions and systolic dysfunction . NT-proBNP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17061", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1420, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17062", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart failure symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1568, 1590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17063", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patient 'well-being '" ], "offsets": [ [ 1595, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17064", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17065", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17066", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "left ventricular systolic dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17068", "type": "document", "text": [ "Double blind comparison of Iomeprol 350 and Iopamidol 340 in intravenous digital subtraction angiography for peripheral vascular disease . A randomized double blind study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic efficacy and side effects of a new non-ionic contrast medium Iomeprol with a commonly used one -- Iopamidol . Visual and densitometric comparison was made of intravenous digital subtraction angiograms performed for peripheral vascular disease . The results show the two media to be similar both in imaging quality and in the incidence of associated side effects . Ninety-eight per cent of the intravenous digital subtraction angiograms were assessed as adequate for clinical management by the vascular surgeon ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 723 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17069", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Iomeprol 350 and Iopamidol 340" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17070", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intravenous digital subtraction angiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17071", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "non-ionic contrast medium Iomeprol" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17072", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "commonly used one -- Iopamidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17073", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17074", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "intravenous digital subtraction angiograms" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17075", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "diagnostic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17076", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17077", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "imaging quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17078", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of associated side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17079", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "intravenous digital subtraction angiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17080", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "peripheral vascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17082", "type": "document", "text": [ "Mouth closing device ( chinstrap ) reduces mouth leak during nasal CPAP . BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mouth leak occasionally complicates continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) therapy , which leads to discomfort . While a chinstrap prevents the mouth from opening during sleep , its efficacy in diminishing mouth leak has not been studied . PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with mouth leak complaining of mouth dryness and nasal obstruction underwent two consecutive overnight polysomnographies , one with a chinstrap , in random order . Cephalometry with and without a chinstrap was randomly performed on six patients . RESULTS With the chinstrap , both mouth leak and the arousal index decreased significantly , from ( mean+/-SD ) 42.9+/-23.5 to 23.8+/-13.3 % of total sleep time ( TST ) , and from 33.4+/-18.6 to 23.6+/-9.3/sleep hour , respectively . However , snoring time showed a concomitant increase from 6.7+/-14.3 to 24.0+/-13.2 % of TST . The arousal index was significantly higher during leak periods , and its changes correlated positively with changes in mouth leak . Cephalometric measures showed a significant decrease in anterior lower facial height . CONCLUSIONS The chinstrap , by closing the mouth during CPAP , reduces mouth leak and therefore the arousal index in most patients . Nevertheless , the indices remained unacceptably high . The chinstrap may also increase snoring and , in rare cases , can worsen the respiratory disturbance index . Consideration of these potential effects is important before instituting regular home use of the chinstrap ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1582 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17083", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "two consecutive overnight polysomnographies" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17084", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chinstrap" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17085", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Cephalometry with and without a chinstrap" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17086", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mouth leak" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17087", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cephalometry" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17088", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mouth leak" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17089", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "the arousal index" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17090", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total sleep time" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17091", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "snoring time" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17092", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arousal index" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17093", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mouth leak" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17094", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cephalometric measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17095", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anterior lower facial height" ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17097", "type": "document", "text": [ "Gender difference in the response to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic in hypertensive patients of African descent . BACKGROUND The efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors in decreasing blood pressure in African patients is controversial . OBJECTIVE We examined the ambulatory blood pressure ( ABP ) response to a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor in hypertensive patients of East African descent and evaluated the individual characteristics that determined treatment efficacy . DESIGN A single-blind randomized AB/BA crossover design . SETTING Hypertensive families of East African descent from the general population in the Seychelles . PARTICIPANTS Fifty-two ( 29 men and 23 women ) out of 62 eligible hypertensive patients were included.Main outcome measures ABP response to 20 mg lisinopril ( LIS ) daily and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide ( HCT ) daily given for a 4-week period . Results The daytime systolic/diastolic ABP response to HCT was 4.9 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.2-8.6 ] /3.6 ( 1.0-6.2 ) mmHg for men and 12.9 ( 9.2-16.6 ) /6.3 ( 3.7-8.8 ) mmHg for women . With LIS the response was 18.8 ( 15.0-22.5 ) /14.6 ( 12.0-17.1 ) mmHg for men and 12.4 ( 8.7-16.2 ) /7.7 ( 5.1-10.2 ) mmHg for women . The night-time systolic/diastolic response to HCT was 5.0 ( 0.6-9.4 ) /2.7 [ ( -0.4 ) -5.7 ] mmHg for men and 11.5 ( 7.1-16.0 ) /5.7 ( 2.6-8.8 ) mmHg for women , and to LIS was 18.7 ( 14.2-22.1 ) /15.4 ( 12.4-18.5 ) mmHg for men and 3.5 [ ( -1.0 ) -7.9 ] /2.3 [ ( -0.8 ) -5.4 ] mmHg for women . Linear regression analyses showed that gender is an independent predictor of the ABP responses to HCT and to LIS . CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive patients of African descent responded better to LIS than to HCT . Men responded better to LIS than to HCT and women responded similarly to both drugs ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1841 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17098", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17099", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17100", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17101", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17102", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ACE inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17103", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lisinopril ( LIS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17104", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide ( HCT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 888 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17105", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17106", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LIS" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17107", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17108", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LIS" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17109", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LIS" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17110", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17111", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17112", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decreasing blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17113", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ambulatory blood pressure ( ABP ) response" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17114", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17115", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "treatment efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17116", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ABP response" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17117", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "daytime systolic/diastolic ABP response" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17118", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "night-time systolic/diastolic response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1259, 1297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17119", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "gender is an independent predictor of the ABP responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1589, 1644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17120", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Men responded better" ], "offsets": [ [ 1756, 1776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17121", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "women responded similarly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1800, 1825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17122", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive patients of African descent" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17123", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17124", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "29" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17125", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17126", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "23" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17127", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17129", "type": "document", "text": [ "Weight and leptin changes among risperidone-treated youths with autism : 6-month prospective data . OBJECTIVE The authors examined the developmental impact and temporal characteristics of risperidone-associated weight change . METHOD Weight change was measured for 63 children and adolescents with autism treated with risperidone for 6 months . Change in serum leptin levels after 2 months was examined as a predictor of final weight gain in mixed regression models that controlled for site , gender , age , and risperidone dose . RESULTS Age- and gender-standardized weight increased after 6 months of treatment ( gross : mean=5.6 kg [ SD=3.9 ] ; standardized : mean=0.6 z [ SD=0.5 ] ) and was positively correlated with weight gained after 1 month . Change in leptin levels after 2 months of treatment ( mean=-0.3 ng/ml , SD=6.2 ) ( N=48 ) did not predict final weight gain . CONCLUSIONS Chronic risperidone exposure in children with autism causes weight gain in excess of developmentally expected norms that follows a curvilinear trajectory and decelerates over time . Serum leptin change does not reliably predict risperidone-associated weight gain ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1154 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17130", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17131", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone-associated" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17132", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17133", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17134", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17135", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17136", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17137", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight change" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17138", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Weight change" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17139", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Change in serum leptin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17140", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "final weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17141", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight increased" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17142", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight gained" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17143", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Change in leptin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17144", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "final weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17145", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17146", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum leptin change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17147", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17149", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparative effects of valsartan versus amlodipine on left ventricular mass and reactive oxygen species formation by monocytes in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy . OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB ) valsartan versus the calcium channel blocker amlodipine , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) formation by monocytes , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and left ventricular ( LV ) mass were studied in 104 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) . BACKGROUND There is evidence that ARBs have blood pressure ( BP ) -independent effects on LV mass . Whether regression of LV mass by ARBs is correlated to ROS formation by monocytes and CRP is not fully understood yet . METHODS A cross-sectional and prospective study was performed . Participants were randomly assigned to either the 80-mg valsartan ( n = 52 ) or 5-mg amlodipine ( n = 52 ) group and were treated for eight months . The left ventricular mass index ( LVMI ) was calculated from two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography . Formation of ROS by monocytes was measured by gated flow cytometry . In addition , CRP , plasma renin activity , plasma aldosterone , and traditional risk factors were assessed . RESULTS Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between LVMI and ROS formation by monocytes and between LVMI and CRP . Treatment reduced BP to a similar extent in both groups . Valsartan significantly reduced LVMI after eight months , but amlodipine had less effect ( 16 % vs. 1.2 % , n = 50 , p < 0.01 ) . Formation of ROS by monocytes was reduced to a greater extent with valsartan than with amlodipine ( 28 % vs. 2 % , n = 50 , p < 0.01 ) . Valsartan but not amlodipine reduced CRP levels . A significant correlation between changes in ROS formation by monocytes and LVMI or between CRP and LVMI was observed . CONCLUSIONS The ARB valsartan has BP-independent effects on LVH , ROS formation by monocytes , and CRP in hypertensive patients with LVH ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2018 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17150", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valsartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17151", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB ) valsartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium channel blocker amlodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17154", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ARBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ARBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "80-mg valsartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-mg amlodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17158", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Valsartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valsartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Valsartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ARB valsartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1896, 1909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17165", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Treatment reduced BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1385, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17166", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "similar extent" ], "offsets": [ [ 1411, 1425 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17167", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Valsartan significantly reduced LVMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17168", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "less effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1520, 1531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17169", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Formation of ROS by monocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1065, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17170", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduced CRP levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1739, 1757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17171", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant correlation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17172", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in ROS formation by monocytes and LVMI or between CRP and LVMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1794, 1864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17173", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17175", "type": "document", "text": [ "Bevacizumab plus irinotecan , fluorouracil , and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer . BACKGROUND Bevacizumab , a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor , has shown promising preclinical and clinical activity against metastatic colorectal cancer , particularly in combination with chemotherapy . METHODS Of 813 patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer , we randomly assigned 402 to receive irinotecan , bolus fluorouracil , and leucovorin ( IFL ) plus bevacizumab ( 5 mg per kilogram of body weight every two weeks ) and 411 to receive IFL plus placebo . The primary end point was overall survival . Secondary end points were progression-free survival , the response rate , the duration of the response , safety , and the quality of life . RESULTS The median duration of survival was 20.3 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab , as compared with 15.6 months in the group given IFL plus placebo , corresponding to a hazard ratio for death of 0.66 ( P < 0.001 ) . The median duration of progression-free survival was 10.6 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab , as compared with 6.2 months in the group given IFL plus placebo ( hazard ratio for disease progression , 0.54 ; P < 0.001 ) ; the corresponding rates of response were 44.8 percent and 34.8 percent ( P=0.004 ) . The median duration of the response was 10.4 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab , as compared with 7.1 months in the group given IFL plus placebo ( hazard ratio for progression , 0.62 ; P=0.001 ) . Grade 3 hypertension was more common during treatment with IFL plus bevacizumab than with IFL plus placebo ( 11.0 percent vs. 2.3 percent ) but was easily managed . CONCLUSIONS The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1943 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17176", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bevacizumab plus irinotecan , fluorouracil , and leucovorin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17177", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17178", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan , bolus fluorouracil , and leucovorin ( IFL ) plus bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17179", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "IFL plus placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17180", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFL plus bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17181", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "IFL plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17182", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFL plus bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17183", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "IFL plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17184", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFL plus bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17185", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "IFL plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17186", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFL plus bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17187", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "IFL plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17188", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17189", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1762, 1805 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17190", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17191", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17192", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "the response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17193", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "the duration of the response" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17194", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17195", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17196", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median duration of survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17197", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median duration of progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17198", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median duration of the response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1348, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17199", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Grade 3 hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17200", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17201", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17202", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17203", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "813" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17204", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "untreated metastatic colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17205", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic colorectal cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17207", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clarithromycin reduces the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma . A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effects of a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic , clarithromycin , on bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in patients with a diagnosis of asthma . Adult asthma patients undergoing treatment with budesonide 400 microg b.i.d . and salbutamol 200 microg p.r.n . less than twice weekly were studied . Arm A ( 16 males/six females , aged 48 +/- 16 yrs ) received clarithromycin 250 mg b.i.d . for 8 weeks , arm B ( eight males/12 females , aged 42 +/- 12 yrs ) clarithromycin 250 mg t.id . and arm C ( six males/15 females , aged 41 +/- 16 yrs ) placebo dextrose tablets . Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was quantified by measurement of the provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20 % fall in forced expiratory volume in one second ( PD20 ) . Median ( interquartile range ) PD20 in the three groups before and after treatment with clarithromycin were : arm A : 0.3 ( 0.1-1 ) and 1.3 ( 0.6-2 ) mg ; arm B : 0.4 ( 0.1-0.9 ) and 2 ( 2-2 ) mg ; and arm C : 0.4 ( 0.1-0.9 ) and 0.3 ( 0.1-0.6 ) mg , respectively . Serum free cortisol levels were determined and remained unchanged from baseline in the clarithromycin-treated patients . It is concluded that clarithromycin reduces the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1426 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17208", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17209", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17210", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17211", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17212", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methacholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17213", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17214", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17215", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo dextrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17216", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methacholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17217", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clarithromycin-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17219", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17220", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17221", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "evaluate the effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17222", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was quantified" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 797 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17223", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "provocative dose of methacholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17224", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "20 % fall in forced expiratory volume in one second ( PD20 ) . Median ( interquartile range ) PD20" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17225", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum free cortisol levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1192, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17226", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17227", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17228", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17229", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Adult" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17230", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17231", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "16" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17232", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males/six females" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17233", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "48 +/- 16" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17234", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17235", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males/12 females" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17236", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "42 +/- 12" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17237", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "clarithromycin-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17238", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17240", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective randomized evaluation of diode-laser and cryotherapy in prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity . PURPOSE To study the efficacy of indirect diode laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy in prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) . METHODS Thirty-six eyes of 18 premature infants less than 34 weeks gestational age and/or less than 1600 g birth weight with prethreshold ROP were prospectively randomized to treatment with either indirect laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy . Prethreshold ROP was defined as any stage of ROP in zone I with plus disease ; or stage 3 with three or more contiguous clock hours or five or more total clock hours of involvement of retina in zone II with plus disease but less than threshold disease . Regression of the ROP was assessed for a minimum period of 6 months . RESULTS Regression of ROP occurred in all 36 eyes ( 100 % ) in both groups . CONCLUSIONS Excellent results are achieved if ROP is treated at the prethreshold stage with both indirect laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy . Although laser has definite advantages , cryotherapy can be considered as an alternative modality of treatment in developing countries due to economic reasons ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1204 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17241", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "indirect laser photocoagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17242", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17243", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prethreshold retinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17244", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17245", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Regression of the ROP" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17246", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Regression of ROP" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17247", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ROP" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17248", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17249", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17250", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18 premature infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17251", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "34 weeks gestational age" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17252", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prethreshold ROP" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17253", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Regression of ROP" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17255", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Cardiac protection is a clinical evidence ] . AIM Anaesthetics may have protective effect against myocardial ischemia . We aimed to investigate if sevoflurane administration could exert myocardial protection during following coronary occlusion in patients with coronary artery disease . METHODS a ) . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN prospective , randomized study . b ) . SETTING University Hospital , cardiac surgical operative theatre . c ) . PATIENTS 42 patients with coronary artery disease , scheduled to undergo coronary surgery . INCLUSION CRITERIA severe coronary stenosis of anterior descending coronary artery ; no collateral flow on angiography ; at least two normokinetic segments in the myocardial region supplied by the vessel being bypassed . PATIENTS were randomized to receive ( group S ) or not ( group C ) sevoflurane administration for 15 min just before coronary occlusion . d ) . INTERVENTIONS Transoesophageal Tissue Doppler echocardiographic examination of myocardial systolic and early diastolic velocities in both groups basally and 60 s after coronary occlusion by the surgeon . e ) . MEASURES systolic and early diastolic velocities were registered by Tissue Doppler from a long-axis view of the interventricular septum or the anterior wall of the left ventricle . RESULTS In group C a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic intramyocardial velocities was found during myocardial ischemia due to coronary occlusion . CONCLUSION Treatment with sevoflurane before coronary occlusion seem effective in reducing functional myocardial impairment due to ischemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1585 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "to receive ( group S ) or not ( group C ) sevoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17257", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Transoesophageal Tissue Doppler echocardiographic examination of myocardial systolic" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17258", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "early diastolic velocities in both groups basally and 60 s after coronary occlusion by the surgeon" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17259", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial protection" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17260", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic and early diastolic velocities" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17261", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic and diastolic intramyocardial velocities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17262", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "functional myocardial impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1535, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17263", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary artery disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17264", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17265", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severe coronary stenosis of anterior descending coronary artery" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17266", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "no collateral flow on angiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17267", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "at least two normokinetic segments in the myocardial region supplied by the vessel being bypassed" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17269", "type": "document", "text": [ "Predicting completion of treatment among foreign-born adolescents treated for latent tuberculosis infection in Los Angeles . SETTING Two health clinics in Los Angeles County , California . OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with completion of care among foreign-born adolescents treated for latent tuberculosis infection ( LTBI ) . DESIGN A total of 766 low-income adolescents ( 79 % participation rate ) , including 610 foreign-born , were recruited . In prospective face-to-face interviews , data were obtained on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics , psychosocial factors and clinic-related variables . Medical chart data were abstracted regarding clinic appointment keeping and completion of treatment . Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with completion of care . RESULTS Foreign-born adolescents were more likely to complete care than US-born adolescents , with 82 % completion of care rate . In logistic regression analyses after controlling for age , medication taking behavior ( OR 1.26 , 95 % CI 1.15-1.39 ) , living with both parents ( OR 1.74 , 95 % CI 1.02-2.97 ) , sexual intercourse ( OR 0.66 , 95 % CI 0.36-1.19 ) and speaking mostly or only English with parents ( OR 0.39 , 95 % CI 0.15-1.03 ) were independently associated with completion of care . CONCLUSION These findings contribute to our understanding of the factors that may explain why some adolescents complete care whereas others do not . They provide supportive evidence that tailored intervention programs should be developed to support the screening and completion of treatment of foreign-born adolescents ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1673 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17270", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "face-to-face interviews" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17271", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Medical chart data were abstracted" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17272", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "complete care" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17274", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "medication taking behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17275", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "living with both parents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1106, 1130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17276", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sexual intercourse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17277", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "speaking mostly or only English with parents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17278", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "foreign-born" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17279", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17280", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "latent tuberculosis infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17281", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "foreign-born" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17282", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17283", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "latent tuberculosis infection ( LTBI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17284", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "766" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17285", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "low-income" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17286", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17287", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "610" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17288", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "foreign-born" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17289", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Foreign-born" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 875 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17290", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17291", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "foreign-born" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17292", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17294", "type": "document", "text": [ "Analgesic effect of expressed breast milk in procedural pain in term neonates : a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial . AIM To assess the effectiveness of expressed breast milk ( EBM ) in reducing pain due to venepuncture , in term neonates , as measured by behavioural and physiological observations . METHODS This randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial involved 81 full-term neonates , up to 4 wk of postnatal age , who needed venepuncture for blood investigations . Two minutes before the venepuncture , in the intervention arm , 40 babies received 5 ml of EBM , while 41 babies in control group received 5 ml of distilled water ( DW ) as placebo . Two observers who were blinded to the intervention recorded the physiological ( heart rate and oxygen saturation ) and behavioural parameters [ duration of crying and modified Neonatal Facial Coding Scores ( NFCS ) ] after the venepuncture . RESULTS There was no difference in the baseline characteristics of the neonates in the two groups . The duration of crying was significantly shorter in babies fed EBM [ median 38.5 s , interquartile range ( IQR ) 9.5-57.5 s ] than in those fed DW ( median 90 s , IQR 28-210 s ) . The mean duration of crying in EBM group was shorter by 70.7 ( 95 % confidence interval 36.6-104.9 ) s. The modified NFCS at 0 , 1 and 3 min was significantly lower ( p < 0.01 ) in the EBM than in the DW group . The change in heart rate and oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the EBM group and returned to baseline values sooner than in the DW group . CONCLUSION Feeding 5 ml of EBM before venepuncture is effective in reducing symptoms due to pain in term neonates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1682 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17295", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17296", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "expressed breast milk" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17297", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17298", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "venepuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17299", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "5 ml of distilled water ( DW ) as placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17300", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "venepuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17301", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EBM" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17302", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EBM" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17303", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EBM" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17304", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EBM" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17305", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "venepuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17306", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17307", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physiological ( heart rate and oxygen saturation ) and behavioural parameters [ duration of crying and modified Neonatal Facial Coding Scores ( NFCS ) ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean duration of crying" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17309", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "change in heart rate and oxygen saturation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17310", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17311", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "neonates" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17312", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "81" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17313", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "4 wk" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17314", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "17316", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of simvastatin and fenofibrate on endothelium in Type 2 diabetes . Statins and fibrates influence endothelial activity and consequently atherogenesis but the mechanisms are not well understood . Twenty Type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia were treated 3 months with simvastatin ( 20 mg daily ) and then 3 months with fenofibrate ( 200 mg daily ) with 2 months of wash-out between the two treatments . Laboratory parameters of oxidative stress , fibrinolysis and endothelial function were evaluated before and at the end of each treatment period . The significant decrease in serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations ( P < 0.0001 ) caused by simvastatin was associated with an increase in serum N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity ( P < 0.001 ) , ascorbic acid ( P < 0.001 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI-1 ) ( P < 0.01 ) , vonWillebrand factor ( P < 0.05 ) , E-selectin ( P < 0.01 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( P < 0.05 ) concentrations and with a decrease in plasma glutathione ( P < 0.01 ) levels . Fenofibrate caused a significant decrease in serum triglyceride concentration ( P < 0.0001 ) associated with a decrease in plasma malondialdehyde ( P < 0.001 ) and an increase in plasma PAI-1 ( P < 0.05 ) and P-selectin ( P < 0.05 ) concentrations . We conclude that simvastatin and fenofibrate interact , by different mechanisms , with oxidative stress , a key factor in the modification of fibrinolysis and endothelial function in Type 2 diabetes ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1496 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17317", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17318", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fenofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17319", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17320", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fenofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17322", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17323", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasminogen activator inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vonWillebrand factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 875 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17326", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "E-selectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17327", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vascular endothelial growth factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 953 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17328", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17329", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum triglyceride concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17330", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma malondialdehyde" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17331", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma PAI-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17332", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "P-selectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17333", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17334", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17335", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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