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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17336 | 15189800 | [
{
"id": "17337",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Chronic fatigue syndrome versus neuroendocrineimmune dysfunction syndrome : differential attributions . Since 1988 , when the term chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) was coined , considerable discussion has occurred about stigma associated with this diagnostic term . In particular , patients with CFS have felt that this term trivializes the serious nature of this disorder . A Name Change Work group , appointed by the CFS Coordinating Committee , developed an umbrella term : chronic neuroendocrineimmune dysfunction syndrome ( CNDS ) , and proposed that there would be sub-types under this term , one being CFS . The present study examined attributions of this new umbrella term when compared with CFS . Nurses and physician assistants ( PAs ) were presented a case study of a patient with symptoms of CFS . They were told that the patient had either \" chronic fatigue syndrome , \" \" chronic neuroendocrineimmune dysfunction syndrome , \" or \" chronic neuroendocrineimmune dysfunction syndrome , which had formerly been called chronic fatigue syndrome . \" The different terms led to different attributions , with PA respondents rating the \" CNDS \" label as more severe . Results suggest that a more medical sounding term ( CNDS ) may lead to attributions that this syndrome is a more serious , disabling illness . The policy implications of these findings are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1372
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]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17338",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"syndrome : differential attributions"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17339",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"case study of a patient with symptoms of CFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
763,
807
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17340",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"medical sounding term ( CNDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1200,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17341",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"attributions"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17342",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"medical sounding term"
],
"offsets": [
[
1200,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17343",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"attributions"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17344",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with CFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
282,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17345 | 15191260 | [
{
"id": "17346",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Is individual peer support a promising intervention for persons with heart failure ? Peer support has been used effectively in a variety of patient populations , but its effectiveness in improving outcomes in persons with chronic heart failure has not been explored . We trained 9 persons with heart failure to mentor other heart failure patients and tested the effectiveness of this approach in a randomized controlled clinical trial . A low proportion ( 37 % ) of the eligible population of hospitalized patients agreed to participate . At the end of the 3-month trial , there was significantly higher heart failure self-care in the intervention group ( P < .05 ) . The only difference in social support was a significant decline in perceived support reciprocity in the intervention group ( F = 5.94 , P = .004 ) . No significant group differences in heart failure readmissions , length of stay , or cost were evident at 90-days , although the heart failure readmission rate was 96 % higher in the intervention group when compared to that in the control group . The reasons for low overall enrollment and high readmission rates in the intervention group require further study . Including additional self-care education by a professional , rather than leaving all the education to the mentor , could strengthen the peer support intervention trialed in this study . Small group meetings may be less intrusive and more desirable for this patient population ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1457
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17347",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"individual peer support"
],
"offsets": [
[
3,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17348",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Peer support"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17349",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"mentor other heart failure patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17350",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart failure self-care"
],
"offsets": [
[
604,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17351",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"support reciprocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
745,
764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17352",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"heart failure readmissions"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
879
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17353",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"length of stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17354",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17355",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart failure readmission rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
946,
976
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17356",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"low overall enrollment and high readmission rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17357",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"persons with heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17358",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"persons with chronic heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17359 | 15191587 | [
{
"id": "17360",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Mandibular overdentures supported by two Brånemark , IMZ or ITI implants : a 5-year prospective study . OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective comparative study was to evaluate the survival rate and the condition of the peri-implant tissues of the IMZ implant system ( two-stage cylindertype ) , the Brånemark implant system ( two-stage screwtype ) and the ITI implant system ( one-stage screwtype ) supporting a mandibular overdenture during a 5-year follow-up period . MATERIAL AND METHODS Three groups of 30 edentulous patients were treated with two endosseous implants in the interforaminal region of the mandible . Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated immediately after completion of the prosthetic treatment and after 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 years of functional loading . RESULTS The five-year survival rate is 98.3 % for the IMZ group , 98.3 % for the Brå group and 100 % for the ITI group . Mean scores on indices for plaque , calculus , gingiva and bleeding were very low at all evaluation periods . Mean marginal bone loss over a period of 5 years , was 1.4 mm for the IMZ group , 0.7 mm for the Brå group and 0.9 mm for the ITI group . CONCLUSION It is concluded that two implants placed in the interforaminal region , connected with a bar , supply a proper base for the support of a mandibular overdenture in the edentulous patient . After 5 years no clinically relevant and statistically significant radiographic changes had developed between the three implant systems ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1494
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17361",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"survival rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17362",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the condition of the peri-implant tissues"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17363",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean scores on indices for plaque , calculus , gingiva and bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17364",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean marginal bone loss over a period of 5 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1020,
1068
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17365",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"30"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17366 | 15193471 | [
{
"id": "17367",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"An open and randomized study comparing the efficacy of standard danazol and modified triptorelin regimens for postoperative disease management of moderate to severe endometriosis . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of danazol and triptorelin ( Decapeptyl CR , Ferring , Kiel , Germany ) in the management of moderate and severe endometriosis in terms of symptom control and revised American Fertility Society ( AFS ) score reduction , and to evaluate the hormonal profile of patients treated with triptorelin every 6 weeks . DESIGN Open and randomized trial . SETTING Kwong Wah Hospital , a large public hospital in an urban location ( Hong Kong ) . PATIENT ( S ) Forty patients after their first conservative operation for endometriosis , with surgical confirmation of revised AFS stage III or IV endometriosis . INTERVENTION ( S ) Postoperative 6 months ' therapy of danazol or triptorelin every 6 weeks , postmedical therapy second-look laparoscopy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) Symptom control and patients ' tolerance during medical therapy , posttherapy revised AFS score , hormonal profile during triptorelin therapy . RESULT ( S ) Pain control was similar between danazol and triptorelin therapy . There was less breakthrough bleeding with triptorelin . More patients failed to complete the whole course of danazol because of its side effects . The revised AFS score at second-look laparoscopy did not show a significant difference between the two medications . Adequate pituitary suppression was observed with injection of triptorelin every 6 weeks . CONCLUSION ( S ) Lengthening of triptorelin administration intervals from 4 weeks to 6 weeks is effective in maintaining a hypoestrogenic state . Patients were more compliant with triptorelin than danazol . Thus , triptorelin injection every 6 weeks is more cost-effective than conventional regimens ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1860
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17368",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"standard danazol"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17369",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"modified triptorelin regimens"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17370",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"danazol"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17371",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17372",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17373",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"danazol"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17374",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17375",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"danazol"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17376",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17377",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17378",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"danazol"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17379",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17380",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17381",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17382",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"danazol"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17383",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17384",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17385",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17386",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom control"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17387",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"American Fertility Society ( AFS ) score reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17388",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hormonal profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17389",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Symptom control and patients ' tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
981,
1021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17390",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"posttherapy revised AFS score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1047,
1076
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17391",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hormonal profile during triptorelin therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17392",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Pain control"
],
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17393",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"breakthrough bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17394",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1337,
1351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17395",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"revised AFS score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1059,
1076
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17396",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Adequate pituitary suppression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1469,
1499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17397",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypoestrogenic state ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1682,
1704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17398",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"compliant"
],
"offsets": [
[
1724,
1733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17399",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate to severe endometriosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17400",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
669
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17401",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AFS stage III or IV endometriosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
811
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17402 | 15193939 | [
{
"id": "17403",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Brain activity correlates differentially with increasing temporal complexity of rhythms during initialisation , synchronisation , and continuation phases of paced finger tapping . Activity in parts of the human motor system has been shown to correlate with the complexity of performed motor sequences in terms of the number of limbs moved , number of movements , and number of trajectories . Here , we searched for activity correlating with temporal complexity , in terms of the number of different intervals produced in the sequence , using an overlearned tapping task . Our task was divided into three phases : movement selection and initiation ( initiate ) , synchronisation of finger tapping with an external auditory cue ( synchronise ) , and continued tapping in absence of the auditory pacer ( continue ) . Comparisons between synchronisation and continuation showed a pattern in keeping with prior neuroimaging studies of paced finger tapping . Thus , activation of bilateral SMA and basal ganglia was greater in continuation tapping than in synchronisation tapping . Parametric analysis revealed activity correlating with temporal complexity during initiate in bilateral supplementary and pre-supplementary motor cortex ( SMA and preSMA ) , rostral dorsal premotor cortex ( PMC ) , basal ganglia , and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) , among other areas . During synchronise , correlated activity was observed in bilateral SMA , more caudal dorsal and ventral PMC , right DLPFC and right primary motor cortex . No correlated activity was observed during continue at P < 0.01 ( corrected , cluster level ) , though left angular gyrus was active at P < 0.05 . We suggest that the preSMA and rostral dorsal PMC activities during initiate may be associated with selection of timing parameters , while activation in centromedial prefrontal cortex during both initiate and synchronise may be associated with temporal error monitoring or correction . The absence of activity significantly correlated with temporal complexity during continue suggests that , once an overlearned timed movement sequence has been selected and initiated , there is no further adjustment of the timing control processes related to its continued production in absence of external cues ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2274
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17404",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"paced finger tapping"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17405",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"movement selection and initiation ( initiate ) , synchronisation of finger tapping with an external auditory cue ( synchronise )"
],
"offsets": [
[
613,
741
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17406",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continued tapping in absence of the auditory pacer"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17407",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continuation"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17408",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"synchronisation"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Brain activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17410",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Activity in parts of the human motor system"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17411",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"activation of bilateral SMA and basal ganglia"
],
"offsets": [
[
960,
1005
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17412",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Brain activity correlates"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17413",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"paced finger tapping"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17414 | 15196300 | [
{
"id": "17415",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The prophylactic effect of valproate on glyceryltrinitrate induced migraine . In this study the human glyceryltrinitrate ( GTN ) model of migraine was for the first time used to test the effect of a prophylactic drug . We chose to test valproate due to its well documented effect as a migraine prophylactic drug . Efficacy of this compound would support the usefulness of the model in prophylactic antimigraine drug development . Twelve patients with migraine without aura were included in a randomized double blind crossover study . Valproate 1000 mg or placebo was given daily , each for a minimum of 13 days . On the last treatment day of each arm a 20 min intravenous infusion of GTN ( 0.25 microg/kg/min ) was given . Headache was registered for 12 h after the infusion and headache intensity was scored on a scale from 0 to 10 . Fulfillment of IHS criteria was recorded for 24 h. The middle cerebral arteries were evaluated by transcranial Doppler and the diameter of the superficial temporal and radial arteries were measured with high frequency ultrasound . GTN evoked migraine fulfilling IHS criteria 1.1 in 6 patients after placebo and in 2 patients after valproate ( P = 0.125 ) . Including additionally 3 patients on placebo and 1 patient on valproate who felt they had suffered a migraine attack , but who had as associated symptoms only photophobia or phonophobia , a significant reduction in the number of patients with induced migraine after valproate was seen ( P = 0.031 ) . Median peak headache intensity was 1 ( range 0-9 ) after valproate compared to 4.5 ( range 0-8 ) after placebo ( P = 0.120 ) . Pretreatment with valproate as compared to placebo reduced the velocity in both middle cerebral arteries after GTN ( left P = 0.021 , right P = 0.031 ) . No effect of valproate was seen in the diameter of the superficial temporal artery ( P = 0.781 ) or the radial artery ( P = 0.367 ) before or after GTN . The study indicates that a prophylactic effect of valproate may be demonstrated using the GTN human migraine model . Although , all headache parameters were reduced after valproate compared to placebo , only one parameter was statistically significantly reduced probably because of the small number of patients . The size of the effect was similar to that of valproate in clinical trials . The GTN model may therefore be a valid tool for testing new prophylactic antimigraine drugs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2411
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17416",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17417",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prophylactic drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17418",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17419",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"migraine prophylactic drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17420",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17421",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17422",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GTN"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17423",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GTN"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17424",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
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[
555,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17425",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
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[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17426",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
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[
555,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17427",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
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[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17428",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
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[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17429",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
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[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17430",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
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[
555,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17431",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
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"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17432",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
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[
555,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17433",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17434",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
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"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17435",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GTN human migraine model"
],
"offsets": [
[
2018,
2042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17436",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valproate"
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"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17437",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17438",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GTN"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17439",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glyceryltrinitrate induced migraine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17440",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17441",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Headache"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17442",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"headache intensity"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
797
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17443",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"middle cerebral arteries"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17444",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"transcranial Doppler"
],
"offsets": [
[
933,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17445",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diameter of the superficial temporal and radial arteries"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
1018
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17446",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"GTN evoked migraine fulfilling IHS criteria"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17447",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"migraine attack"
],
"offsets": [
[
1293,
1308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17448",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"photophobia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1351,
1362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17449",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"phonophobia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17450",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"number of patients with induced migraine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1411,
1451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17451",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Median peak headache intensity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1493,
1523
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17452",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"velocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1683,
1691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17453",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"middle cerebral arteries"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17454",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diameter of the superficial temporal artery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1813,
1856
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17455",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"radial artery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1878,
1891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17456",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"GTN human migraine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2018,
2036
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17457",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"headache parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
2060,
2079
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17458",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"glyceryltrinitrate induced migraine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17459",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twelve"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17460",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"migraine without aura"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
472
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17461 | 15198767 | [
{
"id": "17462",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Needle versus loop diathermy excision of the transformation zone for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia : a randomised controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To determine whether lower rates or incomplete resection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) may be achieved by needle excision of the transformation zone ( NETZ ) than with loop excision ( LLETZ ) . DESIGN A prospective randomised controlled trial . SETTING A gynaecological oncology centre and a teaching hospital in West London . POPULATION Four hundred and four women due to receive treatment for suspected CIN . METHODS Women were randomised to receive either LLETZ or NETZ . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The study was designed to demostrate a difference in the proportion of women with clear histological margins of 82 % for LLETZ compared to 94 % for NETZ with 90 % power at a 5 % significance level , allowing for absence of CIN in the treatment specimen in 15 % . RESULTS Four randomised women were excluded from the analysis , as they were ineligible for the study . Three hundred and forty-seven ( 87 % ) had CIN in the treatment specimen and could be included in the analysis of excision margins . More women in the NETZ arm had clear histological margins ( 84.8 % vs 75 % , ( P= 0.03 ) . The median volume of specimens in the NETZ arm was 739 mm ( 3 ) larger ( P= 0.33 ) and they were less likely to be removed in multiple pieces ( 2.5 % vs 29.5 % , RR 0.09 , 95 % CI 0.04 to 0.20 ) . Needle excision took longer to perform ( median treatment time 210 vs 90 seconds , P < 0.0001 ) and surgeons more often reported the procedure as 'difficult ' ( 9.5 % vs 3.0 % , RR = 3.17 % , 95 % CI 1.33 to 7.58 ) . No difference in peri-operative or post-operative complication rates could be demonstrated between the two groups . CONCLUSION NETZ is more likely to produce a specimen in one piece and with clear margins compared to LLETZ ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1907
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17463",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Needle versus loop diathermy excision"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17464",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"needle excision of the transformation zone ( NETZ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17465",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"loop excision ( LLETZ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17466",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LLETZ"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17467",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"NETZ"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17468",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LLETZ"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17469",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"NETZ"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17470",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"NETZ"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17471",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LLETZ"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17472",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proportion of women with clear histological margins"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17473",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clear histological margins"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17474",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median volume of specimens"
],
"offsets": [
[
1273,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17475",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"longer to perform ( median treatment time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1487,
1528
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17476",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reported the procedure as 'difficult '"
],
"offsets": [
[
1586,
1624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17477",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cervical intraepithelial neoplasia :"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17478",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN )"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17479 | 15200727 | [
{
"id": "17480",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Patterning of pain and power with guided imagery . Using Martha Rogers ' science of unitary human beings , changes in pain and power among 42 patients were examined in relation to the use of a guided imagery modality . Participants were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups and repeated measures MANCOVA was used to detect differences in pain and power over a 4-day period of time . The treatment group 's pain decreased during the last 2 days of the study . No differences in power emerged . Guided imagery appeared to have potential as a useful nursing modality for chronic pain sufferers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
605
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17481",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"guided imagery"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17482",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"guided imagery modality"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17483",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17484",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control groups"
],
"offsets": [
[
272,
286
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17485",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Guided imagery"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17486",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17487",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"power"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17488",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17489",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"power"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17490",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17491",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"power"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17492",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17493",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"power"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17494",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Participants were randomly assigned to treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17495 | 15200998 | [
{
"id": "17496",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer : the surgical setting of the Big Lung Trial . OBJECTIVES The non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) meta-analysis suggested a survival benefit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy when given in addition to surgery , radical radiotherapy or 'best supportive care ' . However , it included many small trials and trials with differing eligibility criteria and chemotherapy regimens . The aim of the Big Lung Trial was therefore to run a large pragmatic trial to confirm the survival benefits seen in the meta-analysis . METHODS In the surgery setting , a total of 381 patients were randomised to chemotherapy ( C , 192 patients ) or no chemotherapy ( NoC , 189 patients ) . C was three 3-weekly cycles of cisplatin/vindesine , mitomycin/ifosfamide/cisplatin , mitomycin/vinblastine/cisplatin or vinorelbine/cisplatin . RESULTS Chemotherapy was given before surgery in 3 % of patients whilst 97 % received adjuvant chemotherapy . Baseline characteristics were : median age 61 years , 69 % male , 48 % squamous cell , 93 % WHO PS 0-1 , 27 % stage I , 38 % stage II , and 34 % stage III . Complete resection was achieved in approximately 95 % of patients . In the C group , 13 % received no chemotherapy , 21 % one or two cycles , and 64 % all three cycles of their prescribed chemotherapy ( 60 % of the latter with no delays or modification ) . 30 % had grade 3/4 toxicity , mainly haematological , nausea/vomiting and neutropenic fever , and six patients were reported as having a treatment-related death . 198 ( 52 % ) of patients have died , but there is currently no evidence of a benefit in overall survival to the C group : HR 1.02 ( 95 % CI 0.77-1.35 ) , P = 0.90 ) . CONCLUSIONS This trial has failed to observe a survival benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy following complete resection of stage I-III NSCLC . However , the hazard ratio and 95 % confidence intervals are consistent with the previously reported meta-analysis and two large recently reported trials , which suggest a small survival benefit with cisplatin-based chemotherapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2096
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17497",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17498",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin-based chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17499",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17500",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17501",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17502",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
698
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17503",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin/vindesine , mitomycin/ifosfamide/cisplatin , mitomycin/vinblastine/cisplatin or vinorelbine/cisplatin ."
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17504",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17505",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17506",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adjuvant chemotherapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
955,
978
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17507",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
698
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17508",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17509",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adjuvant chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
955,
976
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17510",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin-based chemotherapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2066,
2096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17511",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival benefits"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17512",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Complete resection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1136,
1154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17513",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity , mainly haematological , nausea/vomiting and neutropenic fever"
],
"offsets": [
[
1412,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17514",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1548,
1553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17515",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"benefit in overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1633,
1660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17516",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17517",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lung cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17518",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lung cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17519",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"381"
],
"offsets": [
[
614,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17520",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"192"
],
"offsets": [
[
665,
668
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17521",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"189"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17522 | 15206990 | [
{
"id": "17523",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Single and short-term dosing effects of levocetirizine on adenosine monophosphate bronchoprovocation in atopic asthma . AIMS Adenosine monophosphate ( AMP ) acts indirectly via primed airway mast cells to induce bronchial hyper-responsiveness , which in turn correlates with eosinophilic asthmatic inflammation and atopic disease expression . We evaluated single and short-term dosing effects of a modern histamine H1-receptor antagonist , levocetirizine , given at the usual clinically recommended dose , on the primary outcome of AMP bronchoprovocation . METHODS Fifteen atopic asthmatics were randomized in double-blind , cross-over fashion to receive for 1 week either levocetirizine 5 mg or placebo . There was a 1-week washout period prior to each randomized treatment . The provocative concentration of AMP producing a 20 % fall in FEV1 ( PC20 ) was measured after each washout at baseline and at 4-6 h following the first and last doses of each randomized treatment . RESULTS Baseline mean +/- SEM values after washout prior to each randomized treatment comparing levocetirizine vs placebo were not significantly different for prechallenge FEV1 ( % predicted ) 83 +/- 4 vs 82 +/- 4 , or AMP PC20 ( mg ml ( -1 ) ) 45 +/- 24 vs 45 +/- 22 , respectively . Airway calibre as prechallenge FEV1 for levocetirizine vs placebo was not significantly different following the first dose 86 +/- 4 vs 82 +/- 4 , or the last dose 85 +/- 4 vs 83 +/- 4 , respectively . There were significant improvements ( P < 0.05 ) in AMP PC20 comparing levocetirizine vs placebo following the first dose 123 +/- 73 vs 48 +/- 24 , a 1.4 doubling dilution difference ( 95 % CI 0.8 , 1.9 ) , and the last dose 127 +/- 74 vs 53 +/- 29 , a 1.2 doubling dilution difference ( 95 % CI 0.5 , 2.0 ) . AMP PC20 was also improved ( P < 0.05 ) by the first and last doses of levocetirizine but not placebo , vs respective baseline values , with there being no difference in the degree of protection between first and last doses . CONCLUSIONS Single and short-term dosing with levocetirizine conferred similar improvements in bronchial hyper-responsiveness to AMP challenge , which was unrelated to prechallenge airway calibre . Further studies are indicated to evaluate the longer-term effects of levocetirizine on asthma exacerbations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2305
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17524",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17525",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17526",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine 5 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17527",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17528",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17529",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17530",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17531",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17532",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17533",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17534",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"eosinophilic asthmatic inflammation"
],
"offsets": [
[
275,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17535",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"atopic disease expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17536",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean +/- SEM values"
],
"offsets": [
[
993,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17537",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
843
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17538",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AMP PC20"
],
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17539",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Airway calibre as prechallenge FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1261,
1296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17540",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AMP PC20"
],
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17541",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AMP PC20"
],
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17542",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bronchial hyper-responsiveness to AMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
2093,
2130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17543",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"asthma exacerbations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2283,
2303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17544",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17545",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"atopic asthmatics"
],
"offsets": [
[
573,
590
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17546 | 15217131 | [
{
"id": "17547",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Comparison of two methods of local anaesthesia prior to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies ] . OBJECTIVE To compare the analgesic efficacy of rectal administration of Lidocaïne gel with Lidocaïne periprostatic infiltration prior to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies . MATERIAL AND METHODS Between July 2002 and July 2003 , candidates to prostate biopsies were randomised into two groups . In group 1 , 15 ml 2 % Lidocaïne gel was administered intra-rectally 10 minutes prior to biopsies and patients included in group 2 received 10 ml of 1 % Lidocaïne in two périprostatique equivalent injections , 4 minutes prior to prostate biopsies . Pain was assessed with a Visual Analog Scale , during anaesthesia ( VAS 1 ) , during the biopsies procedure ( VAS 2 ) and 30 minutes after them ( VAS 3 ) . RESULTS 308 patients were included in this trial with 156 patients in group 1 and 152 in group 2 . Group 1 experienced statistically less pain for VAS 1 ( 0.1 versus 1.4 , p < 0.0001 ) and VAS 3 ( 0.8 versus 1.4 , p < 0.001 ) but no significative difference could be demonstrated for VAS 2 ( 1.8 versus 2.0 ) . No major complication was noted . CONCLUSION Rectal administration of Lidocaïne gel and infiltration of Lidocaïne lead to a comparable level of anaesthesia during prostatic biopsies procedure . However , the Lidocaïne gel , being both safe and simple , tends to maintain a better comfort of the patient 30 minutes after the end of the biopsies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1479
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17548",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"local anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17549",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lidocaïne gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17550",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lidocaïne periprostatic infiltration"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lidocaïne gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"administration of Lidocaïne"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17553",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"infiltration of Lidocaïne"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17554",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lidocaïne"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17555",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17556 | 15220012 | [
{
"id": "17557",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of pioglitazone and glimepiride on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus : A multicenter , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group trial . BACKGROUND Pioglitazone and glimepiride improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by different mechanisms . Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance , and glimepiride is a sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue . OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to compare changes in measures of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes who received pioglitazone or glimepiride for 1 year . METHODS This was a multicenter , 52-week , double-blind , parallel-group trial . Patients were randomized to receive monotherapy with either glimepiride ( 2 mg QD initially ) or pioglitazone ( 15 mg QD initially ) . Doses were titrated ( maximal doses : pioglitazone 45 mg , glimepiride 8 mg ) to achieve glycemic targets ( fasting blood glucose < or =7 mmol/L and 1-hour postprandial blood glucose < or =10 mmol/L ) . Insulin sensitivity ( primary end point ) was evaluated in terms of the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Sensitivity ( HOMA-S ) , the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index ( QUICKI ) , and fasting serum insulin ( FSI ) concentrations . Glycemic control was evaluated in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA ( 1c ) ) values and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) concentrations . Patients were encouraged to maintain their individual diet and exercise regimens throughout the study . RESULTS Two hundred forty-four patients ( 125 women , 119 men ; all but 1 Hispanic ) were randomized to receive pioglitazone ( n = 121 ) or glimepiride ( n = 123 ) . In the intent-to-treat sample , pioglitazone and glimepirede produced comparable reductions in HbA ( 1c ) from baseline to the end of the study ( -0.78 % and -0.68 % , respectively ) . The pioglitazone group had significantly higher HbA ( 1c ) values compared with the glimepiride group after 12 weeks of therapy ( 8.66 % vs 7.80 % ; P = 0.007 ) but had significantly lower values after 52 weeks ( 7.46 % vs 7.77 % ; P = 0.027 ) . Pioglitazone significantly reduced FPG compared with glimepiride ( -0.6 vs 0.6 mmol/L ; P = 0.01 ) . Pioglitazone therapy was associated with significant increases in insulin sensitivity ( reduced insulin resistance ) , whereas glimepiride had no effect . HOMA-S values changed 18.0 % for pioglitazone and -7.9 % for glimepiride ( P < 0.001 ) , QUICKI values changed a respective 0.013 and -0.007 ( P < 0.001 ) , and FSI values were -21.1 and 15.1 pmol/L ( P < 0.001 ) . Both drugs were well tolerated , with pioglitazone associated with more peripheral edema ( number of treatment-emergent cases : 35/121 [ 28.9 % ] vs 17/123 [ 13.8 % ] ; P = 0.005 ) and fewer hypoglycemic episodes ( 19 [ 15.7 % ] vs 38 [ 30.9 % ] ; P = 0.024 ) . The incidence of weight gain was not significantly different between treatment groups . CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that long-term treatment with pioglitazone enhances insulin sensitivity relative to glimepiride in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes and that pioglitazone may have a more sustained antihyperglycemic effect ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3247
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17558",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17559",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17560",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17561",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17562",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17563",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17564",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17565",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17566",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17567",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17568",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17569",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17570",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17571",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepirede"
],
"offsets": [
[
1802,
1813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17574",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17576",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17577",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17578",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17579",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17580",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17581",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17582",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17583",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glimepiride"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17584",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pioglitazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17585",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reductions in HbA ( 1c )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1834,
1858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17586",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HbA ( 1c )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1411,
1421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17587",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FPG"
],
"offsets": [
[
1460,
1463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17588",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insulin sensitivity ( reduced insulin resistance )"
],
"offsets": [
[
2351,
2401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17589",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HOMA-S values"
],
"offsets": [
[
2440,
2453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17590",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
2676,
2685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17591",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"peripheral edema"
],
"offsets": [
[
2727,
2743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17592",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hypoglycemic episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
2846,
2867
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17593",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
2934,
2945
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17594",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Mexican"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17595",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 2 diabetes mellitus"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17596",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Two hundred forty-four"
],
"offsets": [
[
1595,
1617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17597",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"125"
],
"offsets": [
[
1629,
1632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17598",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
1633,
1638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17599",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"119"
],
"offsets": [
[
1641,
1644
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17600",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
1187,
1190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17601",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"all but 1 Hispanic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1651,
1669
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17602 | 15220594 | [
{
"id": "17603",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Untreated silicone breast implant rupture . Implant rupture is a well-known complication of breast implant surgery that can pass unnoticed by both patient and physician . To date , no prospective study has addressed the possible health implications of silicone breast implant rupture . The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether untreated ruptures are associated with changes over time in magnetic resonance imaging findings , serologic markers , or self-reported breast symptoms . A baseline magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed in 1999 on 271 women who were randomly chosen from a larger cohort of women having cosmetic breast implants for a median period of 12 years ( range , 3 to 25 years ) . A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging examination was carried out in 2001 , excluding women who underwent explantation in the period between the two magnetic resonance imaging examinations ( n = 44 ) . On the basis of these examinations , the authors identified 64 women who had at least one ruptured implant at the first magnetic resonance imaging examination and , for comparison , all women who had intact implants at both examinations ( n = 98 ) . Magnetic resonance images from the two examinations were compared and changes in rupture configuration were evaluated . Comparisons were also made for self-reported breast symptoms occurring during the study period and for changes in serum values of antinuclear antibodies , rheumatoid factor , and cardiolipin antibodies immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M. The majority of the women with implant rupture had no visible magnetic resonance imaging changes of their ruptured implants . For 11 implants ( 11 percent ) in 10 women , the authors observed progression of silicone seepage , either as a conversion from intracapsular into extracapsular rupture ( n = 7 ) , as progression of extra-capsular silicone ( n = 3 ) , or as increasing herniation of the silicone within the fibrous capsule ( n = 1 ) ; however , in most cases , these changes were minor . Some changes could be ascribed to trauma , but others seemed spontaneous . There was no increase in levels of autoantibodies during the study period in either study group . Women with untreated implant ruptures reported a significant increase in nonspecific breast changes ( odds ratio , 2.1 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 1.2 to 3.8 ) compared with women without ruptures . On the basis of this first study of women with untreated silicone breast implant rupture , the authors conclude that implant rupture is a relatively harmless condition , which only rarely progresses and gives rise to notable symptoms . Even so , because of a small risk of silicone spread , the authors suggest that women with implant ruptures be followed clinically , if not operated on . Because implant ruptures often occur asymptomatically , any woman with silicone implants , regardless of rupture status , should be evaluated at regular intervals ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2968
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17604",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"implant ruptures"
],
"offsets": [
[
2229,
2245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17605",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"magnetic resonance imaging changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1600,
1634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17606",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"silicone seepage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1745,
1761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17607",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"levels of autoantibodies"
],
"offsets": [
[
2135,
2159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17608",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nonspecific breast changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
2281,
2307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17609",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Untreated silicone breast implant rupture ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17610",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"271"
],
"offsets": [
[
567,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17611",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17612",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17613",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"having cosmetic breast implants for a median period of 12 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
695
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17614",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"( range , 3 to 25 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17615",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"64"
],
"offsets": [
[
987,
989
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17616",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17617 | 15223738 | [
{
"id": "17618",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of an aquatics programme on fitness parameters of individuals with a brain injury . The primary objective was to determine the effect of an aquatic exercise programme on the physical fitness of people with a brain injury . A pre-test-post-test randomized-groups design was conducted . Sixteen outpatients with a brain injury were included in the study . Eight participants were assigned to an aquatic exercise group and eight to a control group . The components of physical fitness measured included cardiovascular endurance , body composition , muscular strength and endurance and flexibility . Measurements were taken pre- and post-programme . Results indicated an increase in components of physical fitness for the experimental group but not the control group . Increases in fitness were reported as having a positive impact on the functional capacity of individuals in the exercise group as well as enhancing the individual 's ability to complete activities of daily living successfully . Results indicate that aquatic exercise may positively impact the primary and secondary physical injuries caused by a brain injury ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1135
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17619",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"aquatics programme"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17620",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"aquatic exercise programme"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17621",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"aquatic exercise group and eight to a control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17622",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fitness parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17623",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"physical fitness"
],
"offsets": [
[
185,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17624",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular endurance"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17625",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body composition"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17626",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscular strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17627",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endurance and flexibility"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17628",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"components of physical fitness"
],
"offsets": [
[
462,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17629",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
865
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17630",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ability to complete activities of daily living"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17631",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"primary and secondary physical injuries"
],
"offsets": [
[
1069,
1108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17632",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"brain injury"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17633",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"brain injury"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17634",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17635",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"brain injury"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17636 | 15223814 | [
{
"id": "17637",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Intravenously administered histamine increases choroidal but not retinal blood flow . PURPOSE To determine the effect of intravenously administered histamine on both retinal and choroidal blood flow in humans . METHODS A randomized , double-masked , two-way crossover study was performed in 14 healthy volunteers . Placebo or histamine was administered intravenously in stepwise increasing doses ( 0.08 microg/kg/min , 0.16 microg/kg/min , and 0.32 microg/kg/min ) . Retinal vessel diameters were measured with a retinal vessel analyzer , and retinal venous blood speed was assessed by bi-directional laser Doppler velocimetry . Using these parameters retinal blood flow was calculated . Subfoveal and pulsatile choroidal blood flow were measured with laser Doppler flowmetry and laser interferometry , respectively . RESULTS After infusion of histamine pulsatile choroidal blood flow increased by 5 +/- 3 % , 9 +/- 8 % , and 14 +/- 7 % ( P = 0.001 , ANOVA ) and subfoveolar choroidal blood flow by 8 +/- 11 % , 13 +/- 11 % , and 13 +/- 12 % ( P = 0.003 , ANOVA ) . Retinal arterial and venous vessel diameter significantly increased by 3 +/- 4 % , 2 +/- 4 % , and 3 +/- 5 % ( P = 0.047 , ANOVA ) and 1 +/- 2 % , 3 +/- 2 % , and 3 +/- 2 % ( P = 0.015 , ANOVA ) , respectively . Red blood cell velocity in major retinal veins tended to decrease by -9 +/- 12 % , -9 +/- 20 % , and -13 +/- 12 % , but this effect did not reach levels of significance . Calculated retinal blood flow was not changed by administration of histamine ( -7 +/- 14 % , -4 +/- 20 % , and -8 +/- 12 % , P = 0.28 , ANOVA ) . CONCLUSIONS Intravenous histamine in the selected doses increased choroidal blood flow . Retinal vessels showed a small diameter increase , whereas red blood cell speed decreased , resulting in an unchanged total retinal blood flow . This may result from local differences in the receptor distribution in the posterior part of the eye ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1931
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17638",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Intravenously administered histamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17639",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenously administered histamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17640",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17641",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"histamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17642",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"histamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17643",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"histamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17644",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Intravenous histamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1607,
1628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17645",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Retinal vessel diameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17646",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"retinal venous blood speed"
],
"offsets": [
[
543,
569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17647",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"retinal blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17648",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"choroidal blood"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17649",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulsatile choroidal blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17650",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subfoveolar choroidal blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
963,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17651",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Retinal arterial and venous vessel diameter"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17652",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Red blood cell velocity in major retinal veins"
],
"offsets": [
[
1278,
1324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17653",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Calculated retinal blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1449,
1478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17654",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"choroidal blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17655",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"small diameter increase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1709,
1732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17656",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"red blood cell speed"
],
"offsets": [
[
1743,
1763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17657",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total retinal blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1802,
1826
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17658 | 15223903 | [
{
"id": "17659",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Predicting the costs of allogeneic sibling stem-cell transplantation : results from a prospective , multicenter , French study . BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a widely used , cost-intensive procedure . Our purpose was to estimate costs and determine cost predictors . METHODS We used data from a prospective French study comparing four doses of immunoglobulins . Resource use of hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients during the first 6 months posttransplant , both inpatient and ambulatory costs , in 85 patients from five centers were collected prospectively and costed . Baseline data and clinical events were retrieved . Protocol-driven costs were excluded . Multivariable analysis evaluated the association between costs and patient 's pretransplant status and transplant-related complications . Because of the absence of differences in outcome among the four randomization groups , cost data for all patients were pooled . RESULTS Total costs per patient were the following : mean 76,237 Euros ; standard deviation 32,565 Euros ; median 69,516 Euros ; range 183,758 to 14,761Euros . The major cost driver was hospital days . No association was found between costs and baseline status . The \" predictors \" of higher costs ( adding an average 20,000 Euros/patient ) were the occurrence of transplant-related complications : graft-versus-host disease and repeated infections that were unpredictable before transplant in this homogeneous group of patients . CONCLUSION Our data highlight the discrepancy between the Diagnosis Related Group prospective payment system and actual costs . The actual cost of geno-identical stem-cell transplantation results from posttransplant complications that can not be predicted prospectively and require ex post cost adjustment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1809
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17660",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"allogeneic sibling stem-cell transplantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17661",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17662",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"data from a prospective French study"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17663",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"immunoglobulins"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17664",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17665",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17666",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost predictors"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17667",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Multivariable analysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
705,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17668",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17669",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"patient 's pretransplant status"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17670",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"transplant-related complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17671",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost data"
],
"offsets": [
[
930,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17672",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Total costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
979,
990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17673",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17674",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"baseline status"
],
"offsets": [
[
1216,
1231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17675",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"transplant-related complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17676",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"repeated infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
1400,
1419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17677",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"actual costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1615,
1627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17678",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"actual cost"
],
"offsets": [
[
1615,
1626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17679",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"allogeneic sibling stem-cell transplantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17680",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17681",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"85"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17682",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pretransplant status and transplant-related complications ."
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
842
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17683 | 15224298 | [
{
"id": "17684",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Retroinfusion-supported stenting in high-risk patients for percutaneous intervention and bypass surgery : results of the prospective randomized myoprotect I study . The objective of this study was to assess event-free survival and total treatment costs of retroinfusion-supported stenting in high-risk patients compared to bypass surgery . An increasing number of patients with main-stem and main-stem-equivalent stenosis are treated by stent implantation , which appears to be safe in the short-term follow-up . However , there is a lack of randomized studies comparing conventional bypass surgery with stent implantation , particularly in patients with high risk for both treatments . We here report on the 1-year results of a prospective randomized single-center study in patients with symptomatic main-stem and main-stem-equivalent lesions with substantially increased risk for bypass surgery . Patients where randomized to undergo either percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/stent procedure ( n = 23 ) or bypass surgery ( n = 21 ) . Patients randomized to stent implantation were supported by selective pressure-regulated retroinfusion of the anterior cardiac vein during ischemia . Patients of the stent group and the bypass group did not differ in baseline characteristics , including Parsonnet score and quality-of-life score . Twenty-eight-day mortality and 1-year mortality rate as well as quality-of-life scores were similar in both groups . Event-free survival after 1 year was higher in the bypass group ( 71.4 % vs. 52.3 % ; P = 0.02 ) due to a lower target lesion revascularization rate . With regard to total treatment costs , however , the stent group compared favorably to the bypass group ( 9,346 +/- 807 vs. 26,874 +/- 3,985 euro ) , predominantly as a result of a shorter intensive care and hospital stay . In this first randomized study in high-risk patients for stent implantation and bypass surgery , patients with retroinfusion-supported stent implantation had a similar 1-year outcome and quality of life compared to patients with bypass surgery . Though in the stent group event-free survival was lower and target lesion revascularization rate was higher , retroinfusion-supported stent implantation was associated with substantially lower costs and might be considered as an alternative treatment option in this selected group of high-risk patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2388
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17685",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Retroinfusion-supported stenting"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17686",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17687",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"retroinfusion-supported stenting"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17688",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17689",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17690",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"conventional bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17691",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17692",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/stent procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
1005
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17693",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17694",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17695",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"selective pressure-regulated retroinfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1108,
1150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17696",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stent"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17697",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"bypass"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17698",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17699",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17700",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"retroinfusion-supported stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1949,
1991
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17701",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17702",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"retroinfusion-supported stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1949,
1991
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17703",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"event-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17704",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"total treatment costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17705",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Parsonnet score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1302,
1317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17706",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality-of-life score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1322,
1343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17707",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Twenty-eight-day mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
1346,
1372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17708",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"1-year mortality rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1377,
1398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17709",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality-of-life scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1410,
1432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17710",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Event-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1463,
1482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17711",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"total treatment costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17712",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"1-year outcome"
],
"offsets": [
[
2006,
2020
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17713",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
2025,
2040
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17714",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"event-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17715",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"revascularization rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1589,
1611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17716",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lower costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2271,
2282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17717",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17718",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"percutaneous intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17719",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17720",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-risk patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17721",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"main-stem and main-stem-equivalent stenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17722",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with high risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
641,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17723",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"23"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17724",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"21"
],
"offsets": [
[
1041,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17725",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stent group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1214,
1225
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17726",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bypass group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1234,
1246
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17727",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-risk patients for stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1872,
1913
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17728",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17729 | 15224627 | [
{
"id": "17730",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Public and private heart rate feedback in social phobia : a manipulation of anxiety visibility . According to cognitive behavioural models of social phobia , bodily symptoms are the main source of information concerning social evaluation for social phobics . Experience and perception of bodily symptoms therefore play an important role in social anxiety . In this study we evaluated the effects of anxiety visibility on patients and controls using feedback of veridical heart sounds . A total of 32 social phobics and 32 controls were asked twice to sit in a chair and appear relaxed while being evaluated . Half of the participants heard their heart sounds first via headphones and then via loudspeakers which were also audible to observers . The presentation order of the heart sound was reversed for the other half of the subjects . Social phobics reported substantially more anxiety than controls . Both groups showed habituation in heart rate from the first to the second presentation , and both groups reported perception of a higher heart rate , but only social phobics reported significantly more anxiety and were more worried about their heart rates in the public than in the private condition . These effects were in excess of actual heart rate differences . In conclusion , social phobics worried about the broadcast of a bodily anxiety symptom , whereas controls did not . Information about arousal made public has a strong potential to increase anxiety levels in social phobics ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1493
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17731",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"social phobia"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17732",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
":"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17733",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"social phobia"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17734",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"social phobics"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17735",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"participants heard their heart sounds first via headphones"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17736",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Social phobics"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
851
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17737",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"social phobics"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17738",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"controls"
],
"offsets": [
[
434,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17739",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social evaluation"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17740",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety visibility"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17741",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart sound"
],
"offsets": [
[
471,
482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17742",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17743",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"habituation in heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17744",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"higher heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1034,
1051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17745",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17746",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17747",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"actual heart rate differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1238,
1267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17748",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bodily anxiety symptom"
],
"offsets": [
[
1334,
1356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17749",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1459,
1473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17750",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"social phobia"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17751",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"32"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17752",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"32"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17753 | 15233698 | [
{
"id": "17754",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Six-month trial of on-demand rabeprazole 10 mg maintains symptom relief in patients with non-erosive reflux disease . BACKGROUND Compliance studies have shown that patients with reflux symptoms generally take their medication only when experiencing these symptoms . AIM To evaluate the efficacy of on-demand rabeprazole maintenance therapy in patients with non-erosive reflux disease . METHODS This multicentre , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , withdrawal study compared 6 months of on-demand treatment with rabeprazole 10 mg vs. placebo . Adults with a history of reflux symptoms , a negative endoscopy , and > or = 3 days of moderate to very severe heartburn in the 7 days before enrollment ( N = 535 ) entered 4 weeks of open-label , acute treatment with rabeprazole 10 mg once daily . Patients with complete symptom relief then entered the on-demand phase . The primary end-point was discontinuation due to lack of heartburn control during the on-demand phase . RESULTS Eighty-three percent ( 432 of 523 ) of patients reported complete symptom relief at the end of the acute phase . During on-demand treatment , rates of discontinuation because of inadequate heartburn control were 20 % ( 28 of 139 ) for placebo vs. 6 % ( 16 of 279 ) for rabeprazole ( P < 0.00001 ) . Antacid use was twofold higher in the placebo group vs. the rabeprazole group ( P = 0.0009 ) . CONCLUSIONS Rabeprazole 10 mg once daily is highly effective in acute symptom relief and as on-demand long-term maintenance therapy in non-erosive reflux disease patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1557
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17755",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17756",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17757",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17758",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17759",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17760",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17761",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17762",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17763",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17764",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17765",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1397,
1408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17766",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17767",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reflux disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17768",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17769",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17770",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"discontinuation due to lack of heartburn control during the on-demand phase"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
980
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17771",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17772",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rates of discontinuation because of inadequate heartburn control"
],
"offsets": [
[
1133,
1197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17773",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Antacid use"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17774",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1436,
1445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17775",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acute symptom relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
1449,
1469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17776",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"non-erosive reflux disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17777",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with reflux symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17778",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"non-erosive reflux disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17779",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17780",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"reflux"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17781",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heartburn"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17782",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"non-erosive reflux disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17783 | 15238023 | [
{
"id": "17784",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Why distinctive information reduces false memories : evidence for both impoverished relational-encoding and distinctiveness heuristic accounts . Two accounts explain why studying pictures reduces false memories within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm ( J. Deese , 1959 ; H. L. Roediger & K. B. McDermott , 1995 ) . The impoverished relational-encoding account suggests that studying pictures interferes with the encoding of relational information , which is the primary basis for false memories in this paradigm . Alternatively , the distinctiveness heuristic assumes that critical lures are actively withheld by the use of a retrieval strategy . When participants were given inclusion recall instructions to report studied items as well as related items , they still reported critical lures less often after picture encoding than they did after word encoding . As the impoverished relational-encoding account suggests , critical lures appear less likely to come to mind after picture encoding than they do after word encoding . However , the results from a postrecall recognition test provide evidence in favor of the distinctiveness heuristic ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1151
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17785",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"distinctive information"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17786",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"studying pictures"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17787",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"studying pictures"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17788",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"retrieval strategy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17789",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"inclusion recall instructions to report studied items as well as related items"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
759
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17790",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"picture encoding"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17791",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"word encoding ."
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17792",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"postrecall recognition test"
],
"offsets": [
[
1063,
1090
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17793",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"false memories :"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17794",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"false memories"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17795",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pictures"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17796",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"critical lures"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17797",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reported critical lures"
],
"offsets": [
[
773,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17798",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"critical lures"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17799",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postrecall recognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
1063,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17800",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"impoverished relational-encoding"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17801",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"distinctiveness heuristic accounts"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17802",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"inclusion recall instructions"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17803 | 15241630 | [
{
"id": "17804",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Registration accuracy of 153Gd transmission images of the brain . PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of non-rigid nine-parameter image registrations based on 153Gd transmission computed tomography ( TCT ) images as compared with those based on 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer ( ECD ) images and to assess whether normalised mutual information ( NMI ) or count difference ( CD ) should be used . METHODS TCT and ECD data were acquired in 25 randomly selected patients . Emission images were registered to an ECD template with a CD cost function . The same registration parameters were applied to the transmission images to create a TCT template . All TCT images were registered to the TCT template and the same registration parameters were applied to the ECD images . The procedure was repeated with NMI as cost function . Accuracy of both ECD-based and TCT-based registrations was assessed by comparing the normalisation parameter values and regional activities in the spatially normalised ECD images , using a mixed-model analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) . Scheffe post hoc tests were performed . RESULTS No significant differences were found between ECD/CD , ECD/NMI and TCT/CD , suggesting that ECD registration can be done with either CD or NMI , and that TCT registration using CD is equally as accurate as ECD registration . The accuracy of TCT registration with NMI was lower , with discrepancies occurring in the frontal inferior region and the cerebellum . The analysis of normalisation parameters indicated that z-scaling is underestimated and yz-rotation overestimated with TCT/NMI registration . CONCLUSION We conclude that ECD registrations with CD or NMI are as accurate as TCT registrations with CD and that TCT registrations with NMI should be avoided ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1788
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17805",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"153Gd transmission computed tomography"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17806",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer ( ECD ) images"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17807",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ECD"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17808",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"TCT"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17809",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ECD"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17810",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ECD-based"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17811",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"TCT-based"
],
"offsets": [
[
874,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17812",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ECD/CD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1171,
1177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17813",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ECD/NMI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1180,
1187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17814",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"TCT/CD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1192,
1198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17815",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ECD"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17816",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CD"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17817",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"NMI"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17818",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"TCT"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17819",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"TCT"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17820",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"No significant differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1125,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17821",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"accuracy of TCT registration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1354,
1382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17822",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lower"
],
"offsets": [
[
1396,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17823 | 15247730 | [
{
"id": "17824",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of nitinol tipless stone baskets in an in vitro caliceal model . PURPOSE Tipless stone baskets facilitate caliceal calculi extraction during flexible ureteroscopy . We evaluated the stone capture rate of 9 commercially available tipless stone baskets in an in vitro model using novice and expert operators . MATERIALS AND METHODS The Microvasive Zerotip ( 2.4Fr , 3.0Fr ) , Cook N-Circle ( 2.2Fr , 3.0Fr , 3.2Fr ) , Bard Dimension ( 3.0Fr , Sacred Heart Medical Halo ( 1.9Fr ) , Vantage ( 1.9Fr ) and Circon-ACMI Sur-Catch-NT ( 3.0Fr ) were tested by 3 novice and 3 experienced basket operators . Each operator performed stone extraction of 2 , 5 and 8 mm calculi ( size determined by digital caliper with 3 repetitions of each basket . The time to extraction of the calculus from a convex based test tube caliceal model was recorded . Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Fisher 's pairwise comparisons . RESULTS After a learning curve of 27 basket retrievals , there was no significant difference in stone capture times between novice ( 38 +/- 54 seconds ) and expert operators ( 32 +/- 49 seconds , p = 0.174 ) . For total stone capture ( all sizes ) the Sacred Heart Halo resulted in the most rapid stone extraction ( 17 +/- 14 seconds ) by novices and experts , while the Sur-Catch NT resulted in the slowest stone extraction ( 78 +/- 90 , seconds , p = 0.001 ) . The Halo ( 14 +/- 9 seconds ) and Vantage ( 19 +/- 12 seconds ) baskets were significantly faster for 2 mm calculi than the N-Circle ( 73 +/- 60 seconds , p = 0.006 ) , Sur-Catch ( 169 +/- 85 seconds , p = 0.0005 ) and Dimension ( 73 +/- 70 seconds , p = 0.017 ) . The Zerotip functioned well for 2 mm calculi in the hands of expert operators ( 15 +/- 9 seconds ) but not novice operators ( 94 +/- 95 seconds ) . The Sur-Catch NT was significantly slower for 2 mm calculi than the N-Circle ( p = 0.01 ) , Dimension ( p =.03 ) , Halo ( p =.0005 ) , Vantage ( p =.001 ) and Zerotip ( p =.002 ) . For 5 mm calculi the Halo was superior ( 12 +/- 8 seconds ) , while the Zerotip were superior for 8 mm calculi ( 8 +/- 3 seconds ) compared to the N-Circle ( 23 +/- 28 seconds , p = 0.026 ) , Halo ( 26 +/- 18 seconds , p = 0.021 ) and Vantage ( 23 +/- 15 seconds , p = 0.006 ) . CONCLUSIONS The Sacred Heart Halo and Vantage baskets resulted in the most expeditious stone extraction , especially for 2 to 5 mm calculi while the Microvasive Zerotip was optimal for 8 mm calculi . The Sur-Catch NT had the slowest stone capture rate for all stone sizes . Caliceal models of stone basketing may be useful to train novice urology residents and nursing assistants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2666
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17825",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"nitinol tipless stone baskets"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17826",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Tipless stone baskets"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17827",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"tipless stone baskets"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17828",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stone extraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17829",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vitro"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17830",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"stone capture times"
],
"offsets": [
[
1045,
1064
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17831",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rapid stone extraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1240,
1262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17832",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"most expeditious stone extraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
2355,
2388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17833",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"slowest stone capture rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2510,
2536
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17834 | 1524884 | [
{
"id": "17835",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Severe complications of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin with concomitant radiotherapy in inoperable non-metastatic squamous cell oesophageal cancer after intubation -- early termination of a prospective randomised trial ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
218
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17836",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"5-fluorouracil"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17837",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17838",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"concomitant radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17839",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Severe complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17840",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"inoperable non-metastatic squamous cell oesophageal cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17841 | 15249792 | [
{
"id": "17842",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and reduced sodium intake on blood pressure control . The authors hypothesized that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet and reduced sodium intake would control stage 1 hypertension and reduce high-normal blood pressure ( BP ) to optimal levels . Adults with systolic BP 120-159 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80-95 mm Hg were randomly assigned to receive the DASH diet or a typical American ( control ) diet , consuming three different sodium intakes ( higher=142 mmol/d , intermediate=107 mmol/d , and lower=65 mmol/d ) for 30 days each . BP control was defined as systolic BP < 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg . Among subjects with hypertension at baseline , at higher sodium intake the DASH diet increased BP control two-fold over control ( 63 % vs. 32 % ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.4-2.9 ) . Reducing sodium intake in the control diet group increased BP control 2.3-fold ( 74 % vs. 32 % ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.7-3.2 ) . The maximum BP control rate ( 84 % ) was achieved with the DASH/lower sodium diet . BP became normal or optimal in 71 % of persons consuming the control/lower sodium diet and 77 % of persons consuming the DASH/lower sodium diet . Both the DASH diet and reduced sodium intake improved BP control ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1310
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17843",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17844",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"reduced sodium intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17845",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"DASH diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17846",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"typical American ( control ) diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17847",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control/lower sodium diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
1159,
1184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17848",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"DASH/lower sodium diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
1073,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17849",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure ( BP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17850",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17851",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diastolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17852",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased BP control"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17853",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased BP control"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17854",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maximum BP control rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1018,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17855",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
302,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17856",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP control"
],
"offsets": [
[
613,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17857",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17858",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"systolic BP 120-159 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80-95 mm Hg"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17859",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17860 | 1525112 | [
{
"id": "17861",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The implications of introducing the symphyseal-fundal height-measurement . A prospective randomized controlled trial ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
118
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17862",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"symphyseal-fundal height-measurement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17863",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"implications"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
16
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17864",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symphyseal-fundal height-measurement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17865",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prospective"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17866 | 15260182 | [
{
"id": "17867",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of two-month vocal exercising with and without spectral biofeedback on student actors ' speaking voice . Twelve student actors ( 6 males , 6 females ) were given voice training for two months . Randomly selected , half of the students ( 3 males , 3 females ) was trained in the traditional way , while the other half was given biofeedback with real-time spectrum analysis . The aim was a ringing voice quality with strong overtones at 3-5 kHz . Text samples read at different loudness levels were recorded before and after training . Fundamental frequency ( F0 ) , sound pressure level ( SPL ) and long-term-average spectrum ( LTAS ) analyses were made . Voice quality was evaluated by two voice trainers . Sound energy at 3-5 kHz increased by 3-4 dB ( 1.5-14.5 dB ) across groups after training . This change , which was slightly larger for the biofeedback ( BF ) group , did not correlate with SPL . F0 increased slightly in the BF group and decreased in the control group . The relative dB level of fundamental decreased significantly more in the BF group probably suggesting a tighter adduction . Voice quality improved in both groups . Visual feedback seems to add some efficacy in voice training . However , there is a danger of hyperfunctional voice production if other sensory feedback is neglected ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1316
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17868",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"two-month vocal exercising"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17869",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"spectral biofeedback"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17870",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"voice training"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17871",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"traditional way"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17872",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ringing voice quality with strong overtones at 3-5 kHz"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17873",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Fundamental frequency ( F0 ) , sound pressure level ( SPL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17874",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"long-term-average spectrum ( LTAS ) analyses"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17875",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Voice quality"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17876",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Sound energy at 3-5 kHz"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
738
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17877",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"SPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17878",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"F0"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17879",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"relative dB level of fundamental"
],
"offsets": [
[
989,
1021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17880",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Voice quality"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17881",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1183,
1191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17882",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"( 6 males , 6 females )"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17883 | 15264973 | [
{
"id": "17884",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effect of reinforcement or stimulus control to reduce sedentary behavior in the treatment of pediatric obesity . Obese children were randomly assigned to a family-based behavioral treatment that included either stimulus control or reinforcement to reduce sedentary behaviors . Significant and equivalent decreases in sedentary behavior and high energy density foods , increases in physical activity and fruits and vegetables , and decreases in standardized body mass index ( z-BMI ) were observed . Children who substituted active for sedentary behaviors had significantly greater z-BMI changes at 6 ( -1.21 vs. -0.76 ) and 12 ( -1.05 vs. -0.51 ) months , respectively . Substitution of physically active for sedentary behaviors and changes in activity level predicted 6- and 12-month z-BMI changes . Results suggest stimulus control and reinforcing reduced sedentary behaviors are equivalent ways to decrease sedentary behaviors , and behavioral economic relationships in eating and activity may mediate the effects of treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1035
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17885",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"family-based behavioral treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17886",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sedentary behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17887",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sedentary behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17888",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"high energy density foods"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17889",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"physical activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17890",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"fruits and vegetables"
],
"offsets": [
[
407,
428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17891",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body mass index ( z-BMI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
486
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17892",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sedentary behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17893",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"z-BMI changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17894",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sedentary behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17895",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"activity level"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17896",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"z-BMI changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17897",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sedentary behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17898",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sedentary behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17899",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavioral economic relationships in eating and activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
940,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17900",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"pediatric"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17901",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"obesity"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17902",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Obese"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17903",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17904 | 1526697 | [
{
"id": "17905",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dihydroergocryptine in the management of senile psycho-organic syndrome . A double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized study is described of an assessment of the efficacy and relative safety of the ergot alkaloid , dihydroergocryptine , on 52 patients with mild organic brain syndrome over a period of three months using a series of neurophysiological tests . The results indicated that short-term treatment with the alkaloid improved memory impairment . The side-effects were mild and transient in both the dihydroergocryptine and placebo groups and there were no alterations in blood chemistry ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
601
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17906",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dihydroergocryptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17907",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17908",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dihydroergocryptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17909",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dihydroergocryptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17910",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and relative safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17911",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"neurophysiological tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17912",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"memory impairment"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17913",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side-effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
463,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17914",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"alterations in blood chemistry"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17915",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"senile psycho-organic syndrome ."
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17916",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"52"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
246
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17917",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild organic brain syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17918 | 15267097 | [
{
"id": "17919",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Herpesvirus-like particles in the skin of a saltwater crocodile ( Crocodylus porosus ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
88
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17920",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"saltwater crocodile"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17921",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Crocodylus porosus"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17922 | 1527133 | [
{
"id": "17923",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The A-V Impulse System reduces deep-vein thrombosis and swelling after hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture . We performed a prospective randomised controlled trial of the A-V Impulse System in 82 patients treated by hemiarthroplasty for subcapital fracture of the femoral neck . The incidence of proximal deep-vein thrombosis as assessed by Doppler ultrasonography was 23 % in the control group and 0 % in those using the device ( p less than 0.01 ) . Calf and thigh circumferences were measured in both groups at seven to ten days after operation . In the treatment group there was a mean relative reduction of postoperative swelling of the thigh by 3.27 cm ( p less than 0.001 ) and of the calf by 1.55 cm ( p less than 0.001 ) . The A-V Impulse System appears to be a safe and effective method of reducing the incidence of proximal deep-vein thrombosis , and of postoperative swelling ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
887
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17924",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"A-V Impulse System"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17925",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"A-V Impulse System"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17926",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Doppler ultrasonography"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17927",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean relative reduction of postoperative swelling of the thigh"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17928",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
769,
773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17929",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of proximal deep-vein thrombosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17930",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative swelling"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17931",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"deep-vein thrombosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17932",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17933",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"82"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17934",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"treated by hemiarthroplasty for subcapital fracture of the femoral neck"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17935 | 15272537 | [
{
"id": "17936",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Human achaete-scute homologue ( hASH1 ) mRNA level as a diagnostic marker to distinguish esthesioneuroblastoma from poorly differentiated tumors arising in the sinonasal tract . Distinction of high-grade esthesioneuroblastomas from other poorly differentiated tumors arising in the nasal cavity is an important diagnostic challenge because it determines patient management and prognosis . The human achaete-scute homologue ( hASH1 ) gene is critical in olfactory neuronal differentiation and is expressed in immature olfactory cells ; therefore , it could have potential use as a diagnostic marker The aim of the present study was to determine the value of hASH1 messenger RNA ( mRNA ) levels in differentiating esthesioneuroblastoma from other poorly differentiated tumors . A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was developed , permitting the comparative determination of hASH1 mRNA levels in triplicate in a double-blind pilot study including 24 frozen cases of esthesioneuroblastoma and poorly differentiated tumors . All 4 positive cases were esthesioneuroblastomas , and all 19 poorly differentiated tumors were negative . In addition , there was an inverse association between the grade of esthesioneuroblastomas and hASH1 mRNA levels . The hASH1 mRNA level might represent a useful tool for distinguishing esthesioneuroblastoma from poorly differentiated tumors of the sinonasal region ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1401
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17937",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"real-time polymerase chain reaction assay"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17938",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hASH1 mRNA levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
880,
897
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17939",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"esthesioneuroblastomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17940",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"grade of esthesioneuroblastomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1225
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17941",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"esthesioneuroblastoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17942",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tumors"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17943",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"esthesioneuroblastomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17944",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"other poorly differentiated tumors arising in the nasal cavity"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17945",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24"
],
"offsets": [
[
952,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17946 | 15274666 | [
{
"id": "17947",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori eradication in children and adolescents by a once daily 6-day treatment with or without a proton pump inhibitor in a double-blind randomized trial . AIM To evaluate two simplified Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment alternatives for children and adolescents . METHODS Study subjects were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot in a family screening project . Helicobacter pylori infected 10-21 year olds were offered treatment , individuals with abdominal pain underwent upper endoscopy and those with peptic ulcers were excluded . Participants were randomized to either azithromycin 500 mg daily and tinidazole 500 mg two tablets daily in combination with lansoprasole 30 mg daily for 6 days ( ATL-group ) or with placebo ( ATP-group ) . Urea Breath Test was performed at inclusion and after a minimum of 6 weeks after end of therapy . RESULTS In total , 131 individuals were randomized , of whom 31 ( 24 % ) had undergone upper endoscopy . Full compliance was achieved in 93 % ( 122 of 131 ) . The intention-to-treat eradication rate was 67 % ( 44 of 66 ) and 58 % ( 38 of 65 ) for the ATL- and the ATP-group , respectively . CONCLUSION The double-blind randomized clinical trial did not identify a simplified , successful once daily H. pylori treatment for children and adolescents . Thus , twice daily proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) -based triple therapies for 7 days remain as the choice of treatment in children . Further , powerful and controlled studies are needed to elucidate the best treatment strategies for H. pylori eradication in this age group ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1610
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17948",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"treatment with or without a proton pump inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17949",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin 500 mg daily and tinidazole 500 mg two tablets daily in combination with lansoprasole 30 mg daily for 6 days ( ATL-group )"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17950",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo ( ATP-group )"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17951",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Urea Breath Test"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17952",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori eradication"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17953",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori eradication"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17954",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Full compliance"
],
"offsets": [
[
992,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17955",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"intention-to-treat eradication rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1050,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17956",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori eradication in"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17957",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17958",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17959",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17960",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17961",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17962",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17963",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"10-21"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17964",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"abdominal pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17965",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"peptic ulcers"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17966",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"131"
],
"offsets": [
[
906,
909
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17967",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"31 ( 24 % )"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17968",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17969",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17970",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17971 | 15274670 | [
{
"id": "17972",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of the motilin agonist KC 11458 on gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis . BACKGROUND KC 11458 , a motilin agonist without antibiotic properties , accelerates gastric emptying in animals and healthy humans . AIM To evaluate the acute effects of KC 11458 on gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis . METHODS Twenty-nine patients ( 6 type 1 and 23 type 2 ) with gastroparesis underwent assessments of : ( i ) gastric emptying of a solid/liquid meal using scintigraphy , ( ii ) glycaemic control ( blood glucose at 0 , 30 , 60 , 90 and 120 min during the gastric emptying measurement ) and ( iii ) upper gastrointestinal and 'meal-related ' symptoms ( questionnaire ) , at baseline and after treatment with KC 11458 in a dose of 8 mg t.d.s. , or placebo for 8 days . RESULTS KC 11458 had no statistically significant or clinically relevant effect on gastric emptying of either the solid intragastric retention at 100 min ( T100 ) ( P = 0.87 ) or liquid 50 % emptying time ( T50 ) ( P = 0.17 ) components of the meal . KC 11458 slightly worsened ( P = 0.04 ) upper gastrointestinal symptoms when compared with placebo . The magnitude of the change in solid gastric emptying correlated with the change in the blood glucose concentration ( r = 0.49 ; P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS KC 11458 , in a dose of 8 mg t.d.s . for 8 days , does not accelerate gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis . The absence of efficacy may relate to an effect of hyperglycaemia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1481
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17973",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KC 11458"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17974",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KC 11458"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17975",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KC 11458"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17976",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KC 11458"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17977",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
758,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17978",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KC 11458"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17979",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KC 11458"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17980",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
758,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17981",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KC 11458"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17982",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastric emptying"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17983",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastric emptying"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17984",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"upper gastrointestinal symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1070,
1101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17985",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"solid gastric emptying"
],
"offsets": [
[
1162,
1184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17986",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood glucose concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1246
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17987",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastric emptying"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17988",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy humans ."
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17989",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17990",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"6"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17991",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"23"
],
"offsets": [
[
358,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17992",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gastroparesis"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
17993 | 15275765 | [
{
"id": "17994",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Gabapentin for the prevention of postoperative pain after vaginal hysterectomy . Gabapentin alleviates and/or prevents acute nociceptive and inflammatory pain both in animals and volunteers , especially when given before trauma . Gabapentin might also reduce postoperative pain . To test the hypothesis that gabapentin reduces the postoperative need for additional pain treatment ( postoperative opioid sparing effect of gabapentin in humans ) , we gave 1200 mg of gabapentin or 15 mg of oxazepam ( active placebo ) 2.5 h prior to induction of anaesthesia to patients undergoing elective vaginal hysterectomy in an active placebo-controlled , double blind , randomised study . Gabapentin reduced the need for additional postoperative pain treatment ( PCA boluses of 50 microg of fentanyl ) by 40 % during the first 20 postoperative hours . During the first 2 postoperative hours pain scores at rest and worst pain score ( VAS 0-100 mm ) were significantly higher in the active placebo group compared to the gabapentin-treated patients . Additionally , pretreatment with gabapentin reduced the degree of postoperative nausea and incidence of vomiting/retching possibly either due to the diminished need for postoperative pain treatment with opioids or because of an anti-emetic effect of gabapentin itself . No preoperative differences between the two groups were encountered with respect to the side effects of the premedication . However , 15 mg oxazepam was more effective in relieving preoperative anxiety than 1200 mg gabapentin ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1534
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "17995",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17996",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17997",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17998",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17999",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18000",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18001",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxazepam ("
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18002",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"active placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18003",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
")"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18004",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"elective vaginal hysterectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
608
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18005",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18006",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18007",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gabapentin-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1007,
1025
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18008",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18009",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18010",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18011",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18012",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18013",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"acute nociceptive and inflammatory pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18014",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18015",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative need for additional pain treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18016",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18017",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain scores at rest"
],
"offsets": [
[
879,
898
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18018",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"worst pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
903,
919
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18019",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"degree of postoperative"
],
"offsets": [
[
1093,
1116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18020",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea and incidence of vomiting/retching"
],
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18021",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18022",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1465,
1474
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18023",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"preoperative anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1488,
1508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18024",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18025",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vaginal hysterectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18026 | 15278032 | [
{
"id": "18027",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Tension-free laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair ] . AIM During the last decade laparoscopic techniques have been applied to the treatment of inguinal hernia to combine tension-free technique , esthetic , and functional benefits of mini-invasive surgery . Anyway controversy persists regarding the most effective inguinal hernia repair . The aim of this study is to compare the open technique and the laparoscopic approach concerning : complications , recurrences , recovery time and return to usual activity . METHODS A randomized prospective analysis of 121 consecutive inguinal hernia repairs was performed over a 12-month period . Male well-informed patients with primary monolateral inguinal hernia ( ASA I-II ) were divided into 2 groups and consecutively treated ; group A was treated with laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach ( TAPP ) ( median age 47+/-7 years , 57 patients ) , group B with open mesh herniorrhaphy ( 45+/-6 years , 64 patients ) . RESULTS Complication rate was 5.26 % for group A ( none needed conversion ) and 4.68 % for group B . All complications were considered minor . No recurrences were observed over a 12-month follow-up in both groups . Post-operative hospital stay and return to activity show statistically significant differences . Median post-hospital stay was 1.7 days for group A while it was longer ( 2.9 days ) for group B . Significant difference was observed in the duration of convalescence too ( group A 9.3+/-7.2 days ; group B 12.1+/-7 . 1 days ) . CONCLUSION On the basis of our experience , even if a longer follow-up is needed , the validity of laparoscopic approach to inguinal hernia is confirmed . General anesthesia and higher costs are reasonable compromises for a shorter period of discomfort in patients with a low ASA index and busy job/sport activity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1840
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18028",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"open inguinal hernia repair ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18029",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"inguinal hernia repairs"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18030",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach"
],
"offsets": [
[
811,
861
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18031",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"open mesh herniorrhaphy"
],
"offsets": [
[
928,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18032",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"laparoscopic approach to inguinal hernia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1624,
1664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18033",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inguinal hernia"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18034",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18035",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18036",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrences , recovery time and return to usual activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18037",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18038",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Complication rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
993,
1010
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18039",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"recurrences"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18040",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Post-operative hospital stay and return to activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1200,
1251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18041",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Median post-hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
1297,
1322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18042",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration of convalescence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1438,
1463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18043",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"period of discomfort"
],
"offsets": [
[
1757,
1777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18044",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"randomized prospective analysis of"
],
"offsets": [
[
535,
569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18045",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"121"
],
"offsets": [
[
570,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18046",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"consecutive inguinal hernia repairs was performed over a 12-month period ."
],
"offsets": [
[
574,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18047",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Male"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18048",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"well-informed patients with primary monolateral inguinal hernia ( ASA I-II )"
],
"offsets": [
[
654,
730
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18049 | 15279417 | [
{
"id": "18050",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Structural and immunohistochemical changes of conjunctiva induced by topical glaucoma medication ] . PURPOSE The topical medication represents the first line therapy for the primary open angle glaucoma . The study is aimed at assessing the structural and immunohistochemical changes of conjunctiva induced by topical glaucoma medication . METHODS For this purpose , we carried out a 40 weeks , prospective , experimental , epidemiological-operational and randomized study enrolling 18 patients ( 36 eyes ) with recently primary open angle glaucoma . The eyes were divided into treatment ( non-selective beta blockers or selective , prostaglandin analogues , topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ) in four groups . The assessment was performed by comparison with control group ( 4 patients ) who was instilled with natural tears ( with different preservative ) . Both the cytology and the conjunctival biopsy specimens were investigated by histological exams and immunohistochemistry using different monoclonal antibodies . The study was performed by collaboration with The National Institute of Research and Development in Pathology and Biomedical Sciences- \" V. Babes \" -Bucharest . RESULTS The morphometric analysis of histological sections of conjunctiva showed the following changes : squamous metaplasia ( significant increases in the thickness and number of epithelial cell layers ) , inflammation ( increase the number of lymphocytes , macrophages and fibroblasts ) and subconjunctival fibrosis . According to the type of medication , we observed the significant increase of subepithelial collagen density and degenerative changes of fibrocytes , the reduction of extracellular matrix and also the up-regulation of antibodies against matrix metalloproteinase and allergic changes . According to structural changes , the immunohistochemistry confirmed the tendency of chronic inflammation . CONCLUSIONS This study revealed important structural and immunohistochemical changes of conjunctiva after topical glaucoma medication . The category and the intensity of these changes are dependent on the sort of therapy and the topical treatment period . The findings showed that benzalkonium chloride ( the most common preservative of antiglaucoma drugs ) is a major factor for conjunctival metaplasia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2305
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18051",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"topical medication"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18052",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"topical glaucoma medication"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18053",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"non-selective beta blockers or selective , prostaglandin analogues , topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18054",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18055",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"natural tears"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18056",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"topical glaucoma medication"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18057",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"benzalkonium chloride ( the most common preservative of antiglaucoma drugs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
2181,
2257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18058",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"squamous metaplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1292,
1311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18059",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thickness and number of epithelial cell layers ) , inflammation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1343,
1406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18060",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of lymphocytes , macrophages and fibroblasts ) and subconjunctival fibrosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1422,
1506
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18061",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subepithelial collagen density and degenerative changes of fibrocytes , the reduction of extracellular matrix and also the up-regulation of antibodies against matrix metalloproteinase and allergic changes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1585,
1791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18062",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"chronic inflammation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1877,
1899
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18063",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"conjunctiva"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18064",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"18 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18065",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"primary open angle glaucoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18066",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"4 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
781,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18067",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"natural tears"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18068 | 15283485 | [
{
"id": "18069",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Long-term quality of life measures after functional endoscopic sinus surgery . BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS ) is a common disease that has a significant impact on quality of life ( QOL ) . The aim of this study was to evaluate the longer-term effects of combined medical and surgical therapy for CRS on overall health status and QOL . METHODS We used a prospective study that utilized the Short-Form 36 Survey at baseline presentation and at a mean time of 3 years post-functional endoscopic sinus surgery to assess the general health status of patients who presented for their initial visitfrom 1996 to 1998 . Of the 200 randomly selected patients , 150 respondents completed follow-up surveys ( a 75 % response rate ) . RESULTS Eighty-nine ( 59.3 % ) women and 61 ( 40.7 % ) men were included in the study . Baseline QOL scores indicated significant differences between patients with CRS and published norms in 6/8 subscale parameters ( role physical , bodily pain , general health , social function , vitality , and mental health ) . Significant improvement in all six categories was maintained at the end of the study period ( p < 0.05 ) with QOL scores within limits of published norms for the general population . CONCLUSION Our data indicate that functional endoscopic sinus surgery , combined with appropriate postoperative care , is effective at maintaining a significant improvement in the overall general health status of patients for at least 3 years after surgical intervention and that the overall scores return to a range of normative values for the general population ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1596
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18070",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18071",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Short-Form 36 Survey"
],
"offsets": [
[
400,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18072",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"baseline presentation"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18073",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"endoscopic sinus surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18074",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"endoscopic sinus surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18075",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Long-term quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18076",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18077",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Baseline QOL scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
821,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18078",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"role physical , bodily pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
950,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18079",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"general health"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18080",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social function"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18081",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vitality"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1023
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18082",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
1030,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18083",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"QOL scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18084",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18085",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CRS"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18086",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"200"
],
"offsets": [
[
629,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18087",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eighty-nine ( 59.3 % )"
],
"offsets": [
[
741,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18088",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"61 ( 40.7 % )"
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
787
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18089",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CRS"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18090 | 15294387 | [
{
"id": "18091",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"An evaluation of an adaptive automation system using a cognitive vigilance task . The performance of an adaptive automation system was evaluated using a cognitive vigilance task . Participants responded to the presence of a green \" K \" in an array of two , five , or nine distractor stimuli during a 40-min vigil . The array with the target stimulus was presented once each minute . Participants EEG was recorded and an engagement index ( EI = 20 x beta/ ( alpha + theta ) ) was derived . In the negative feedback condition , increases in the EI caused the number of stimuli in the array to decrease while decreases in the EI caused the number of stimuli to increase . For the positive feedback condition , increases in the index caused an increase in the array size ( AS ) while decreases caused a decrease in the array size . Each experimental participant had a yoked control partner who received the same pattern of changes in array irrespective of their engagement index . A vigilance decrement was seen only for the positive feedback , experimental group ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1061
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18092",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"adaptive automation system"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18093",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"cognitive vigilance task"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18094",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"adaptive automation system"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18095",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"green \" K \" in an array of two , five , or nine distractor stimuli during a 40-min vigil"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18096",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"EEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18097",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"engagement index"
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18098",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of stimuli in the array"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18099",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"EI caused the number of stimuli to increase"
],
"offsets": [
[
623,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18100",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"EEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18101",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"participant had a yoked control partner"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18102",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"experimental group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1041,
1059
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18103 | 15299181 | [
{
"id": "18104",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Concomitant radiochemotherapy vs radiotherapy alone in patients with head and neck cancer : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Phase III Study . The primary objective of the present randomized phase III trial was to compare the 3-yr survival rate of patients treated with standard fractionated radiotherapy ( RT ) alone or with the same RT concomitantly with cisplatin ( DDP ) or carboplatin ( Cb ) . From January 1995 until July 1999 , 124 patients with histologically proven locally advanced non-nasopharyngeal head and neck cancer ( HNC ) were randomized to receive either RT monotherapy ( 70 Gy , Group A ) or the same RT concomitantly with DDP ( 100 mg/m2 on d 2 , 22 , 42 , Group B ) or Cb ( 7 AUC on d 2 , 22 , 42 , Group C ) . There were no significant differences in complete response rates between patients treated with RT alone or combined chemoradiotherapy . However , median time to progression ( TTP ) and overall survival ( OS ) were significantly longer in patients treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy . Thus , median TTP was 6.3 , 45.2 , and 17.7 mo in groups A , B , and C respectively ( p = 0.0002 ) . Similarly , median OS was 12.2 , 48.6 , and 24.5 mo , respectively ( p = 0.0003 ) . At 3 yr follow-up , 17.5 % of patients in group A were alive compared to 52 % in group B and 42 % in group C ( p < 0.001 ) . Patients treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy experienced more frequently severe hematological toxicity . Also , severe nausea/vomiting was more pronounced in group B , as expected . The present study clearly demonstrated that concomitant chemoradiotherapy with platinum analogs significantly prolongs 3-yr survival and median OS in patients with locally advanced HNC compared to conventional RT alone ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1749
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18105",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Concomitant radiochemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18106",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiotherapy alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18107",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"standard fractionated radiotherapy ( RT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
275,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18108",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin ( DDP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
362,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18109",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"carboplatin ( Cb )"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18110",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"RT monotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18111",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"RT concomitantly with DDP"
],
"offsets": [
[
626,
651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18112",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cb"
],
"offsets": [
[
397,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18113",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chemoradiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
854,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18114",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"concomitant chemoradiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18115",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"concomitant chemoradiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18116",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"concomitant chemoradiotherapy with platinum analogs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1573,
1624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18117",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"3-yr survival rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18118",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"complete response rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
802
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18119",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median time to progression ( TTP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18120",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"overall survival ( OS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18121",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median TTP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1037,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18122",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"median OS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1143,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18123",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"alive"
],
"offsets": [
[
1270,
1275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18124",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severe hematological toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1420,
1449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18125",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"severe nausea/vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
1459,
1481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18126",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"3-yr survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18127",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"median OS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1143,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18128 | 15302308 | [
{
"id": "18129",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist with or without raloxifene : effects on cognition , mood , and quality of life ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
119
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18130",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18131",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"raloxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18132",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cognition , mood"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18133",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
", and quality of life ."
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18134",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist with or without raloxifene :"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18135 | 15302787 | [
{
"id": "18136",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of oral sirolimus for restenosis prevention in patients with in-stent restenosis : the Oral Sirolimus to Inhibit Recurrent In-stent Stenosis ( OSIRIS ) trial . BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in interventional cardiology , including the introduction of drug-eluting stents for de novo coronary lesions , the treatment of in-stent restenosis ( ISR ) remains a challenging clinical issue . Given the efficacy of systemic sirolimus administration to prevent neointimal hyperplasia in animal models and to halt and even reverse the progression of allograft vasculopathy , the aim of the present double-blind , placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 10-day oral sirolimus treatment with 2 different loading regimens for the prevention of recurrent restenosis in patients with ISR . METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred symptomatic patients with ISR were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment arms : placebo or usual-dose or high-dose sirolimus . Patients received a cumulative loading dose of 0 , 8 , or 24 mg of sirolimus 2 days before and the day of repeat intervention followed by maintenance therapy of 2 mg/d for 7 days . Angiographic restenosis at 6-month angiography was the primary end point of the study . Restenosis was significantly reduced from 42.2 % to 38.6 % and to 22.1 % in the placebo , usual-dose , and high-dose sirolimus groups , respectively ( P=0.005 ) . Similarly , the need for target vessel revascularization was reduced from 25.5 % to 24.2 % and to 15.2 % in the placebo , usual-dose , and high-dose groups , respectively ( P=0.08 ) . The sirolimus blood concentration on the day of the procedure correlated significantly with the late lumen loss at follow-up ( P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS In patients with ISR , an oral adjunctive sirolimus treatment with an intensified loading regimen before coronary intervention resulted in a significant improvement in the angiographic parameters of restenosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1994
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18137",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18138",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Sirolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18139",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18140",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"usual-dose or high-dose sirolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
1011
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18141",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"6-month angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18142",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"restenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18143",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neointimal hyperplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18144",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Angiographic restenosis at 6-month angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18145",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Restenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1283,
1293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18146",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"need for target vessel revascularization"
],
"offsets": [
[
1462,
1502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18147",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"The sirolimus blood concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1630,
1663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18148",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"angiographic parameters of restenosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1955,
1994
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18149",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"in-stent restenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18150",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ISR"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18151",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Three hundred"
],
"offsets": [
[
873,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18152",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic patients with ISR"
],
"offsets": [
[
887,
916
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18153 | 15304592 | [
{
"id": "18154",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Minocycline safety and tolerability in Huntington disease . Minocycline is an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties that prolongs survival in a transgenic Huntington disease ( HD ) mouse model . In a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study of minocycline in 60 HD patients , the authors determined that over 8 weeks , minocycline at 100 and 200 mg/day was well tolerated and safe in HD patients . Tolerability and adverse event frequency were similar between treatment and placebo groups ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
527
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18155",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Minocycline"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18156",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Minocycline"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18157",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18158",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"minocycline"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18159",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"minocycline at 100 and 200 mg/day"
],
"offsets": [
[
356,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18160",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18161",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated and safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
417
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18162",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18163",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse event frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
452,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18164",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Huntington disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18165",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Huntington disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18166",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HD"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18167",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18168",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HD"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18169",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HD"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18170 | 15304616 | [
{
"id": "18171",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"IV amantadine improves chorea in Huntington 's disease : an acute randomized , controlled study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
97
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18172",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18173",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chorea in Huntington 's disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18174 | 15305197 | [
{
"id": "18175",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomised comparison of UK genetic risk counselling services for familial cancer : psychosocial outcomes . The aim of the study was to compare psychosocial outcomes for 50 new clinic attendees , referred for cancer genetic counselling to five UK centres . The centres represented England , Scotland and Wales , and were randomly selected from groups ranked by different levels of clinical activity in cancer genetics practice . Questionnaires assessed demographic data , risk perception , mental health and use of health services pre-consultation and at 1 and 12 months follow-up . Satisfaction was measured for attendees and referring doctors at follow-up . A total of 256 unaffected adults fulfilled the study criteria . The five centres varied widely with respect to service organisation and activity , but all had a greater proportion of unaffected attendees with a breast cancer risk ( 61-91 % ) than either a bowel cancer risk ( 0-33 % ) or ovarian cancer risk ( 3-25 % ) . There were no significant differences in the psychosocial data between centres pre-counselling . No significant change over time occurred for any of the centres for risk perception or general psychological distress . There were significant differences between centres in reduction of cancer worry from baseline to 12 months and with the number of women who were recommended to have mammographic surveillance who had not received this . Overall , one-third of women for whom mammography had been recommended had not been screened within 1 year of follow-up . Subsequent attendance at the GP , but not at a hospital , was associated with risk level , but differences between centres could not be analysed . Satisfaction differed significantly between centres for 4 : 14 aspects of service provision and with 3 : 17 items concerning communication ; satisfaction was high overall . Over 90 % of referring doctors were moderately/very satisfied with the service , but 23 % were dissatisfied with waiting times and 19 % with access to preventive treatment . Results differed significantly between centres for doctor 's satisfaction with the provision of referral criteria and prescribing information . In conclusion , there were relatively few significant differences in psychosocial outcomes between centres , considering the wide variation in service organisation and activity . These significant differences were not consistent across the centres , therefore , differences could not be linked to specific aspects of service provision ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2515
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18176",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"UK genetic risk counselling services"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18177",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"cancer genetic counselling"
],
"offsets": [
[
211,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18178",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"pre-counselling"
],
"offsets": [
[
1062,
1077
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18179",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychosocial outcomes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18180",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychosocial outcomes"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18181",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"demographic data"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18182",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"risk perception"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18183",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
492,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18184",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"use of health services pre-consultation"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18185",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18186",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychosocial data"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18187",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"risk perception"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18188",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"general psychological distress"
],
"offsets": [
[
1167,
1197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18189",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18190",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18191",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychosocial outcomes"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18192",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"UK genetic risk counselling services for familial cancer :"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18193 | 15307010 | [
{
"id": "18194",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Once-daily versus twice-daily lamivudine , in combination with zidovudine and efavirenz , for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV infection : a randomized equivalence trial . A randomized , double-blind , double-dummy controlled , multicenter trial was conducted that involved 554 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults ( plasma HIV type 1 [ HIV-1 ] RNA level , > or=400 copies/mL ; CD4 ( + ) cell count , > 100 cells/mm ( 3 ) ) and compared a 300-mg once-daily ( q.d . ) regimen of lamivudine ( 3TC ) versus a 150-mg twice-daily ( b.i.d . ) regimen of 3TC , combined with zidovudine ( 300 mg b.i.d . ) and efavirenz ( 600 mg q.d . ) , during a 48-week period . Treatments were considered equivalent if the 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) for the difference in proportions of patients achieving an HIV-1 RNA level of < 400 copies/mL was within the bound of -12 % to 12 % . At week 48 of the study , an intent-to-treat analysis in which patients with missing data were considered to have experienced treatment failure showed that the 3TC q.d . and 3TC b.i.d . regimens were equivalent ( HIV-1 RNA level < 400 copies/mL , 178 [ 64 % ] of 278 vs. 174 [ 63 % ] of 276 ; treatment difference , 1 % [ 95 % CI , -7.1 % to 8.9 % ] ; HIV-1 RNA level < 50 copies/mL , 165 [ 59 % ] of 278 vs. 168 [ 61 % ] of 276 ; treatment difference , 1.7 % [ 95 % CI , -9.7 % to 6.6 % ] ) . Median increase above baseline in CD4 ( + ) cell count was similar ( q.d . group , +144 cells/mm ( 3 ) ; b.i.d . group , +146 cells/mm ( 3 ) ) , and the incidences of adverse events , disease progression , and HIV-associated conditions were comparable ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1665
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18195",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine , in combination with zidovudine and efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18196",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine ( 3TC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18197",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"3TC , combined with zidovudine ( 300 mg b.i.d . ) and efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
598,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18198",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"3TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18199",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"3TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18200",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"equivalence"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18201",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"equivalent"
],
"offsets": [
[
734,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18202",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"HIV-1 RNA level of < 400 copies/mL"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18203",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1054,
1061
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18204",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Median increase above baseline in CD4 ( + ) cell count"
],
"offsets": [
[
1412,
1466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18205",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidences of adverse events , disease progression , and HIV-associated conditions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1565,
1647
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18206",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"antiretroviral-naive"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18207",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18208",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
144,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18209",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"554"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18210",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"human immunodeficiency virus-infected"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18211",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18212 | 1530836 | [
{
"id": "18213",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of the effects of anticholinergic and beta 2-agonist and combination therapy on respiratory impedance in COPD . The effects of three different regimens of inhaled bronchodilators on spirometry and respiratory impedance as measured with the technique of forced oscillations were compared in a double-blind crossover study in 22 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( FEV1 less than 70 percent predicted ) . On three trial days , patients inhaled , in random order , 40 micrograms ipratropium bromide , 200 micrograms fenoterol hydrobromide , or a combination of 40 micrograms ipratropium and 100 micrograms fenoterol from a powder inhaler , followed by a second dose of the same drug after 60 min . The effects were measured at baseline and 20 , 40 , 60 , and 120 min after the first inhalation . No significant decrease in total respiratory resistance at 8 Hz ( Rrs [ 8 ] ) was observed after ipratropium , whereas Rrs ( 8 ) decreased significantly 20 min after fenoterol and 40 min after the combination regimen ( p less than 0.05 ) . All three studied drugs resulted in a significant increase in the reactance ( p less than 0.01 ) and decrease in resonant frequency . Both fenoterol ( delta FEV1 34 percent , p less than 0.0001 ) and the combination regimen ( delta FEV1 38 percent , p less than 0.0001 ) resulted in a significantly larger increase in FEV1 than ipratropium alone ( delta FEV1 17 percent , p less than 0.0001 ) . A second dose of fenoterol and of the combination regimen resulted in a further significant increase in FEV1 after 120 min ( p less than 0.05 ) . A second dose of ipratropium did not result in a further significant increase in FEV1 . The changes in respiratory impedance were qualitatively similar for all three drug regimens , but larger in absolute terms after fenoterol and the combination regimen than after ipratropium . The similar effect of these drugs on the reactance can be explained by an increase in the capacitance of the respiratory system , and in combination with a decrease in frequency dependence of resistance , by assuming a decrease in peripheral airway resistance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2153
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18214",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anticholinergic and beta 2-agonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18215",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18216",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"inhaled bronchodilators"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18217",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ipratropium bromide"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18218",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fenoterol hydrobromide"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18219",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination of 40 micrograms ipratropium and 100 micrograms fenoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
581,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18220",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ipratropium"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18221",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fenoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18222",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18223",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18224",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ipratropium"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18225",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fenoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18226",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18227",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ipratropium"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18228",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fenoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18229",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18230",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ipratropium"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18231",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total respiratory resistance at 8 Hz ( Rrs [ 8 ] )"
],
"offsets": [
[
858,
908
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18232",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reactance ( p less than 0.01 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1137,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18233",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"resonant frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
1184,
1202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18234",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18235",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"second dose"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18236",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"A second dose of ipratropium did not result in a further significant increase in FEV1 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1612,
1699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18237",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"capacitance of the respiratory system"
],
"offsets": [
[
1982,
2019
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18238",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18239",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"22"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18240",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18241",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"FEV1 less than 70 percent predicted"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18242 | 15309442 | [
{
"id": "18243",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Rye bran bread intake elevates urinary excretion of ferulic acid in humans , but does not affect the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation ex vivo . BACKGROUND Rye bread contributes an important part of the whole grain intake in the Scandinavian diet . Ferulic acid is the major phenolic compound in rye bran and is an antioxidant in vitro and may , therefore , contribute to cardioprotective effects of whole grain consumption . AIM OF THE STUDY Firstly , to evaluate the bioavailability and potential antioxidative effects in humans of ferulic acid from rye . Secondly , to evaluate urine levels of ferulic acid as a possible biomarker of the ordinary dietary intake of ferulic acid . METHODS We determined the urinary excretion of ferulic acid in 18 postmenopausal women after a dietary intake of rye bran or an inert wheat bran ( control ) in a crossover study ( 2 x 6 weeks with 4 weeks washout ) . The potential antioxidative effect of the rye bran intervention was investigated by measuring low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) susceptibility to copper oxidation ex vivo . The subjects ingested rye bran enriched breads equivalent to approximately 10.2 mg ferulic acid per day . RESULTS The urinary excretion of ferulic acid averaged approximately 4.8 mg per day during intervention with rye bran breads and approximately 1.9 mg per day on the control breads ( P = 0.002 ) . Rye bran intervention had no influence on lag time or propagation rate of the LDL oxidation ex vivo . CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that ferulic acid from rye bran is bioavailable and that the urinary concentration of ferulic acid reflects the dietary intake of this hydroxycinnamic acid . Within the period of intervention , the elevated ferulic acid did not produce a measurable antioxidative effect on the subjects ' LDL . It is suggested that the determination of ferulic acid in urine is a useful biomarker to assess the intake of ferulic acid from a regular diet ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1957
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18244",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Rye bran bread intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18245",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Rye bread"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18246",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dietary intake of rye bran"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18247",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"an inert wheat bran ( control )"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18248",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rye bran breads"
],
"offsets": [
[
1287,
1302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18249",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control breads"
],
"offsets": [
[
1343,
1357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18250",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Rye bran intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1374,
1395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18251",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary excretion of ferulic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18252",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"susceptibility of LDL to oxidation"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18253",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bioavailability"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18254",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18255",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"potential antioxidative effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
490,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18256",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urine levels of ferulic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
582,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18257",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary excretion of ferulic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18258",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) susceptibility to copper oxidation ex vivo"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1069
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18259",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary excretion of ferulic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18260",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lag time or propagation rate of the LDL oxidation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1416,
1465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18261",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antioxidative effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
500,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18262",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intake of ferulic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
659,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18263",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"urinary excretion of ferulic acid in humans"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18264 | 15310639 | [
{
"id": "18265",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Caudal neostigmine with bupivacaine produces a dose-independent analgesic effect in children . PURPOSE To evaluate the analgesic efficacy and duration of varying doses of caudal neostigmine with plain bupivacaine and its side effects in children undergoing genito-urinary surgery . METHODS In a randomized double-blind prospective study 80 boys aged two to eight years scheduled for surgical repair of hypospadias were allocated randomly to one of four groups ( n = 20 each ) and received either only caudal 0.25 % plain bupivacaine 0.5 mL.kg ( -1 ) ( Group I ) or 0.25 % plain bupivacaine 0.5 mL.kg ( -1 ) with neostigmine ( Groups II-IV ) in doses of 2 , 3 and 4 microg.kg ( -1 ) respectively . Postoperative pain was assessed for 24 hr using an objective pain score . Blood pressure , heart rate , oxygen saturation , total amount of analgesic consumed and adverse effects were also recorded . RESULTS The duration of postoperative analgesia in Group I ( 5.1 +/- 2.3 hr ) was significantly shorter than in the other three groups ( II -16.6 +/- 4.9 hr ; III - 17.2 +/- 5.5 hr ; IV - 17.0 +/- 5.8 hr ; P < 0.05 ) . Total analgesic ( paracetamol ) consumption was significantly more in Group I ( 697.6 +/- 240.7 mg ) than in the groups receiving caudal neostigmine ( II - 248.0 +/- 178.4 ; III - 270.2 +/- 180.8 and IV -230.6 +/- 166.9 mg ; P < 0.05 ) . Groups II , III and IV were comparable with regards to duration of postoperative analgesia and total analgesic consumption ( P > 0.05 ) . Incidence of nausea and vomiting were comparable in all four groups . No significant alteration in vital signs or any other adverse effects were observed . CONCLUSIONS Caudal neostigmine ( 2 , 3 and 4 microg.kg ( -1 ) ) with bupivacaine produces a dose-independent analgesic effect ( approximately 16-17 hr ) in children as compared to those receiving caudal bupivacaine alone ( approximately five hours ) and a reduction in postoperative rescue analgesic consumption without increasing the incidence of adverse effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2013
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18266",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Caudal neostigmine with bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18267",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caudal neostigmine with plain bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18268",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"only caudal"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18269",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"plain bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18270",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"0.25 % plain bupivacaine 0.5 mL.kg ( -1 ) with neostigmine"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18271",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"( paracetamol )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1132,
1147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18272",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"neostigmine"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18273",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Caudal neostigmine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18274",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18275",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18276",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"evaluate"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18277",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"analgesic efficacy and duration"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18278",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
715
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18279",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"objective pain score ."
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18280",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood pressure , heart rate , oxygen saturation , total amount of analgesic consumed"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18281",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18282",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"duration of postoperative analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18283",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Total analgesic ( paracetamol ) consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
1116,
1159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18284",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration of postoperative analgesia and total analgesic consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
1409,
1476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18285",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1505,
1511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18286",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
1516,
1524
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18287",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"vital signs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1591,
1602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18288",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"analgesic effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18289",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative rescue analgesic consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
1917,
1959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18290",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18291",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18292",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18293",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18294",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"undergoing genito-urinary surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18295",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"80"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18296",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"two to eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18297 | 15312096 | [
{
"id": "18298",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of additional amine fluoride/stannous fluoride-containing mouthrinse during supportive therapy in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis . A randomized , crossover , double-blind , controlled trial . OBJECTIVES The objective of the present randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a mouthrinse containing a combination of AmF/SnF2 in controlling supragingival plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation during a 12-week period in patients affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis ( GAP ) . METHODS Eighteen subjects , six males and 12 females , mean age : 32.2 years , were evaluated . One-half of the patients was either prescribed an AmF/SnF2-containing mouthrinse ( test mouthrinse ) or a control mouthrinse in addition to mechanical plaque control for 12 weeks . After a 2-week wash-out period , the patients received the alternative mouthrinse . Before and after treatment plaque index ( PlI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , angulated bleeding index ( AngBI ) , tooth stain ( GMSI ) , and tongue stain were recorded . RESULTS Test mouthrinse resulted in a statistically significant decrease in PlI ( p = 0.029 ) and GI ( p = 0.017 ) . After treatment , PlI was significantly lower in test compared to control mouthrinse ( p = 0.027 ) . GMSI significantly increased post-treatment for both mouthrinse regimens ( p < 0.001 ) , a significantly higher score being observed for the test compared to control mouthrinse ( p = 0.002 ) . CONCLUSIONS The 12-week use of a AmF/SnF2-containing mouthrinse as an adjunct to conventional mechanical oral hygiene procedures in GAP patients was effective in controlling the amount of supragingival plaque deposits ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1701
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18299",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amine fluoride/stannous fluoride-containing mouthrinse"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18300",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mouthrinse containing a combination of AmF/SnF2"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18301",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"AmF/SnF2-containing mouthrinse"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18302",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"control mouthrinse"
],
"offsets": [
[
745,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18303",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"mechanical plaque control"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18304",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mouthrinse ."
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18305",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Test mouthrinse"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18306",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mouthrinse regimens"
],
"offsets": [
[
1342,
1361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18307",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"control mouthrinse"
],
"offsets": [
[
745,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18308",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"AmF/SnF2-containing mouthrinse"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18309",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plaque index ( PlI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18310",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gingival index ( GI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
954,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18311",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"angulated bleeding index ( AngBI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18312",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tooth stain ( GMSI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18313",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tongue stain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1042,
1054
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18314",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PlI"
],
"offsets": [
[
946,
949
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18315",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PlI"
],
"offsets": [
[
946,
949
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18316",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"GMSI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1033
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18317",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"generalized aggressive periodontitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18318",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"generalized aggressive periodontitis ( GAP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18319",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eighteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18320",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"six"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18321",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
575,
580
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18322",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12"
],
"offsets": [
[
457,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18323",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"females"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18324",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age : 32.2 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
598,
619
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18325",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"GAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
535,
538
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18326 | 15317925 | [
{
"id": "18327",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risk factors for fracture in a UK population : a prospective cohort study . BACKGROUND Common clinical risk factors for fracture in older women have been identified . To date , most of these risk factors have not been confirmed in a UK population . AIM To confirm the important risk factors for fracture in older women . DESIGN Comprehensive cohort study ( CCS ) with a nested randomized controlled trial . METHODS The CCS included 4292 women aged > 70 years . We assessed potential risk factors for fracture , and followed-up participants for 24 months for incidence of non-vertebral fractures . RESULTS Odds ratios ( ORs ) for predicting any non-vertebral fracture were : previous fracture , 2.67 ( 95 % CI 2.10-3.40 ) ; a fall in the last 12 months , 2.06 ( 95 % CI 1.63-2.59 ) ; and age ( per year increase ) , 1.03 ( 95 % CI 1.01-1.05 ) . ORs for predicting hip fracture were : previous fracture , 2.31 ( 95 % CI 1.31-4.08 ) ; low body weight ( < 58 kg ) , 2.20 ( 95 % CI 1.28-3.77 ) ; maternal history of hip fracture , 1.68 ( 95 % CI 0.85-3.31 ) ; a fall in the last 12 months , 2.92 ( 95 % CI 1.70-5.01 ) ; and age ( per year increase ) , 1.09 ( 95 % CI 1.04-1.13 ) . ORs for predicting wrist fracture were : previous fracture , 2.29 ( 95 % CI 1.56-3.34 ) ; and a fall in the last 12 months , 1.60 ( 95 % CI 1.10-2.31 ) . Being a current smoker was not associated with an increase in risk , and was consistent across all fracture types . DISCUSSION Older women with the clinical risk factors identified in this study should be investigated for osteoporosis or offered preventive treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1598
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18328",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Risk factors for fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18329",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"cohort study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18330",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"risk factors for fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18331",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"risk factors for fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18332",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Comprehensive cohort study ( CCS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18333",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"controlled trial ."
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18334",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"CCS"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18335",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"risk factors for fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18336",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"previous fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18337",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"a fall in the last 12 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18338",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"age"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18339",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"previous fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18340",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low body weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18341",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maternal history of hip fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
991,
1023
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18342",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"a fall in the last 12 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18343",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"age"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18344",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"previous fracture"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18345",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"a fall in the last 12 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18346",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"current smoker"
],
"offsets": [
[
1338,
1352
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18347 | 15319704 | [
{
"id": "18348",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Ropinirole as a treatment of restless legs syndrome in patients on chronic hemodialysis : an open randomized crossover trial versus levodopa sustained release . OBJECTIVE Restless legs syndrome ( RLS ) is a common neurologic condition characterized by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs , occurring primarily at rest , which are usually worse in the evening and are alleviated by movement . RLS is present in 20-40 % of patients with renal failure . This study was a 14-week open , randomized , crossover trial of ropinirole vs. levodopa sustained release ( SR ) in 11 patients with RLS on chronic hemodialysis . METHODS Eleven patients ( 7 men , 4 women ) were enrolled in the study . They received either levodopa SR or ropinirole for 6 weeks , followed by a washout week , then the alternate treatment for 6 weeks . Patients rated the severity of RLS by means of a 6-item questionnaire developed by the International Restless Legs Study Group ( 6-item IRLS ) , by the Clinical Global Impression ( CGI ) scale , and by sleep diaries . RESULTS Under treatment with levodopa SR , 1 patient presented severe vomiting , leading to study discontinuation . The 10 patients who completed the study reported a 33.5 % improvement ( from 16.7 +/- 3.2 to 11.1 +/- 4 ; P < 0.001 ) of the 6-item IRLS scores during levodopa SR treatment and a 73.5 % improvement ( from 16.6 +/- 2.8 to 4.4 +/- 3.8 ; P < 0.001 ) during ropinirole treatment . By the end of the study the mean levodopa SR dosage was 190 mg/d and the mean ropinirole dosage was 1.45 mg/d . Ropinirole was superior to levodopa SR in reducing 6-item IRLS scores ( P < 0.001 ) and in increasing sleep time ( P < 0.001 ) . The patient CGI scale showed a significant difference favoring ropinirole ( P < 0.01 ) . There was no significant carryover or period effect for any outcome measure . Four patients reported a complete reversion of RLS symptoms during ropinirole treatment at doses ranging from 0.25-2 mg/d . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ropinirole is more effective than levodopa SR in the treatment of RLS in patients on chronic hemodialysis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2125
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18349",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ropinirole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18350",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levodopa sustained release"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18351",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ropinirole"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18352",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levodopa sustained release ( SR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18353",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levodopa SR"
],
"offsets": [
[
724,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18354",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ropinirole"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18355",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alternate treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18356",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ropinirole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18357",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levodopa SR"
],
"offsets": [
[
724,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18358",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severity of RLS"
],
"offsets": [
[
855,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18359",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"severe vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18360",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleep time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1661,
1671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18361",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CGI scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1700,
1709
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18362",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"RLS symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1902,
1914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18363",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"restless legs syndrome in patients on chronic hemodialysis :"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18364",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"renal failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18365",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"11"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18366",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"7"
],
"offsets": [
[
656,
657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18367",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18368",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"4"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18369",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18370",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
1174,
1176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18371",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"who completed the study"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1209
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18372 | 15324531 | [
{
"id": "18373",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oxaprozin versus diclofenac in NSAID-refractory periarthritis pain of the shoulder . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxaprozin in comparison with diclofenac in patients with periarthritis pain of the shoulder previously unsuccessfully treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs other than diclofenac and oxaprozin . METHODS In this open , multicentre , randomised , controlled study , eligible patients with periarthritis of the shoulder were randomised to receive either oxaprozin 1200 mg once daily ( n = 49 ) or diclofenac 50 mg three times daily ( n = 47 ) . The treatment period was 15 +/- 1 days . The study was planned on a hypothesis of equivalence between the two study drugs . The primary study endpoint was the change from baseline at day 15 in the patient-assessed shoulder pain score . Secondary efficacy variables included investigator-assessed shoulder function , patient-assessed quality of life on the Short-Form-36 ( SF-36 ) Acute Health Survey and both patients ' and investigators ' overall assessment of efficacy . RESULTS At day 15 , the mean changes in shoulder pain score from baseline in the oxaprozin and diclofenac groups were -5.85 +/- SD 4.62 and -5.54 +/- SD 4.41 , respectively . The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant , confirming the hypothesis of the study that oxaprozin is as effective as diclofenac . Investigator-assessed shoulder function improved in both groups but more so in the oxaprozin group ( p = 0.028 at day 15 ) . Quality of life as measured by SF-36 total score was also improved in both treatment groups , with a trend toward greater improvement in the oxaprozin group . Furthermore , a significantly more favourable effect on the SF-36 'mental health ' item was observed in oxaprozin compared with diclofenac-treated patients at day 15 ( p = 0.0202 ) . As assessed by investigators , the overall efficacy of oxaprozin was superior to that for diclofenac at visit 3 ( 8 +/- 1 days ) ( p = 0.0067 ) . Patients also assessed the overall efficacy of oxaprozin as superior to that of diclofenac at visits 3 ( 8 +/- 1 days ) ( p = 0.0235 ) and 4 ( 15 +/- 1 days ) ( p = 0.0272 ) . Only six adverse events , all of which were mild or moderate in intensity and occurred in four diclofenac recipients , were observed in the study . CONCLUSIONS As expected , once-daily oxaprozin proved to be as effective as diclofenac three times daily in reducing the primary efficacy variable of patient-assessed shoulder pain score in patients with periarthritis of the shoulder refractory to previous treatments with other NSAIDs . Oxaprozin was shown to be superior to diclofenac in improving shoulder function and was considered by investigators and patients to have greater overall efficacy than diclofenac . In addition , oxaprozin showed a trend toward superior results in improving patients ' quality of life compared with diclofenac . A trend towards better tolerability results for oxaprozin compared with diclofenac was also noted ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3029
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18374",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18375",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18376",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18377",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18378",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18379",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18380",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18381",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18382",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18383",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18384",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18385",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18386",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18387",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18388",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18389",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18390",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18391",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18392",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18393",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18394",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18395",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxaprozin"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18396",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18397",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"change from baseline at day 15 in the patient-assessed shoulder pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18398",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18399",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"shoulder pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
801,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18400",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"difference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1239,
1249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18401",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Investigator-assessed shoulder function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1395,
1434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18402",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Quality of life as measured by SF-36 total score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1520,
1568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18403",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18404",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SF-36 'mental health ' item"
],
"offsets": [
[
1739,
1766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18405",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18406",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
2193,
2207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18407",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"patient-assessed shoulder pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"shoulder function"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18410",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerability results"
],
"offsets": [
[
2953,
2973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18411",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"periarthritis"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18412",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"eligible patients with periarthritis of the shoulder"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18413",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"shoulder pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
801,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18414",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Short-Form-36"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18415",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"SF-36"
],
"offsets": [
[
959,
964
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18416",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"periarthritis"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18417 | 15327617 | [
{
"id": "18418",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A prospective randomised comparison of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol in second trimester termination of pregnancy . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy , side effects and acceptability of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol for second trimester medical abortion . DESIGN Prospective randomised controlled trial . SETTING Tertiary referral unit and a teaching hospital . POPULATION Two hundred and twenty-four women at 12 to 20 weeks of gestation . METHODS The women were randomised to receive either sublingual or vaginal misoprostol 400 microg every 3 hours for a maximum of five doses . The course of misoprostol was repeated if the woman did not abort within 24 hours . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The success rate at 48 hours , induction-to-abortion interval and the side effects . RESULTS There was no significant difference in the success rate at 48 hours ( sublingual : 91 % ; vaginal : 95 % ) . However , the success rate at 24 hours was significantly higher in the vaginal group ( 85 % ) compared with the sublingual group ( 64 % ) . There was no difference in the median induction-to-abortion interval ( sublingual : 13.8 hours ; vaginal : 12.0 hours ) . Significantly more women in the sublingual group preferred the route to which they were assigned when compared with the vaginal group . The incidence of fever was also less in the sublingual group . CONCLUSION The use of vaginal misoprostol for second trimester medical abortion resulted in a higher success rate than sublingual misoprostol at 24 hours but the abortion rate was similar at 48 hours . Vaginal misoprostol should be the regimen of choice but sublingual misoprostol is also an effective alternative ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1675
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18419",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sublingual and vaginal misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18420",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sublingual and vaginal misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18421",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sublingual or vaginal misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18422",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18423",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vaginal misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18424",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18425",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Vaginal misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1562,
1581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18426",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sublingual misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1479,
1501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18427",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18428",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18429",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"acceptability"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18430",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"The success rate at 48 hours , induction-to-abortion interval"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18431",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18432",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the success rate at 48 hours"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
857
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18433",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"success rate at 24 hours"
],
"offsets": [
[
913,
937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18434",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the median induction-to-abortion interval"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18435",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"preferred the route"
],
"offsets": [
[
1210,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18436",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"The incidence of fever"
],
"offsets": [
[
1297,
1319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18437",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"success rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
701,
713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18438",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"abortion rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1522,
1535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18439",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sublingual and vaginal misoprostol in second trimester termination of pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18440",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"second trimester medical abortion ."
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18441",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Two hundred and twenty-four women"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18442 | 15346745 | [
{
"id": "18443",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of an allograft in an experimental putty carrier and a bovine-derived xenograft used in ridge preservation : a clinical and histologic study in humans . PURPOSE The aim of this randomized , controlled , blinded clinical study was to compare ridge dimensions and histologic characteristics of ridges preserved with 2 different graft materials . MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four subjects , each requiring a nonmolar extraction and delayed implant placement , were randomly selected to receive ridge preservation treatment with either an allograft in an experimental putty carrier plus a calcium sulfate barrier ( PUT ) or a bovine-derived xenograft ( BDX ) plus a collagen membrane . Horizontal and vertical ridge dimensions were determined using a digital caliper and a template . At 4 months postextraction , a trephine core was obtained for histologic analysis . RESULTS The average ridge width decreased by 0.50 mm for both groups ( P < .05 ) . The midbuccal vertical change for the PUT group was a loss of 0.3+/-0.7 mm versus a gain of 0.7+/-1.2 mm for the BDX group , a difference of 1.0 mm ( P > .05 ) . Histologic analysis revealed vital bone in the PUT group of about 61 % +/-9 % versus 26 % +/-20 % for the BDX group ( P < .05 ) . DISCUSSION Greater vital bone fill in the PUT group may be attributable to earlier and greater vascular invasion of the carrier material . The putty material was characterized by ease of handling , simple placement , and enhanced graft particle containment . CONCLUSIONS Allograft mixed with an experimental putty carrier produced significantly more vital bone fill than did the use of a xenograft with no carrier material . Ridge width and height dimensions were similarly preserved with both graft materials ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1762
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18444",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"allograft"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18445",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"experimental putty carrier and a bovine-derived xenograft"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18446",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"graft materials"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
352
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18447",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calcium sulfate barrier"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18448",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bovine-derived xenograft ( BDX )"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18449",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BDX"
],
"offsets": [
[
661,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18450",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"BDX"
],
"offsets": [
[
661,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18451",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"xenograft"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18452",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ridge dimensions and histologic characteristics of ridges"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18453",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Horizontal and vertical ridge dimensions"
],
"offsets": [
[
694,
734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18454",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"histologic analysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
854,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18455",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ridge width"
],
"offsets": [
[
896,
907
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18456",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"midbuccal vertical change"
],
"offsets": [
[
963,
988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18457",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vital bone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1150,
1160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18458",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vital bone fill"
],
"offsets": [
[
1270,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18459",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Ridge width and height dimensions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1676,
1709
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18460",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"humans"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18461",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-four"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18462",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nonmolar extraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18463",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"delayed implant placement"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
466
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18464 | 15353873 | [
{
"id": "18465",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A double blind randomized trial to compare the effects of eprosartan and enalapril on blood pressure , platelets , and endothelium function in patients with essential hypertension . The renin-angiotensin system is the major contributor to development of hypertension , atherosclerosis , and many other cardiovascular diseases . Angiotensin II , one of the main effectors of this system , contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension and plays an important role in monocyte , platelet , and endothelium interactions . The effects on platelet and endothelial function , either by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists , are still not well understood . A double-blind , randomized , prospective trial of either enalapril ( 10-20 mg daily ) or eprosartan ( 400-800 mg daily ) over a 10-week period was conducted in 42 patients ( 27 males , 15 females ) . Platelet activation was evaluated by measuring platelet factor 4 ( PF-4 ) , beta-thromboglobulin ( beta-TG ) , the ratio of platelet factor 4 to beta-thromboglobulin , and endothelial function by measuring total plasma nitrate levels , von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) levels , and blood flow using venous occlusive plethysmography . After a 10-week treatment with enalapril or eprosartan , the sitting blood pressure in both the enalapril group ( from 152.2 +/- 18.7 mmHg to 141.9 +/- 23.5 mmHg , P < 0.05 ) and eprosartan group ( from 151 +/- 10.0 mmHg to 142.3 +/- 12.9 mmHg , P < 0.05 ) was significantly reduced . Significant diastolic blood pressure ( DPB ) reduction ( from 94 +/- 8.7 to 84.5 +/- 9.6 mmHg , P < 0.05 ) and a greater DBP reduction response were found in the eprosartan group ( 63 % in eprosartan versus 25 % in enalapril ) . Additionally , dose-dependent reductions in the indices of platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction were observed in patients administered high dose treatments of eprosartan and enalapril , and the beneficial effects of these agents were not correlated with the reduction of blood pressure using both agents . Eprosartan is effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of mid-to-moderate hypertension , and the DBP response reduction to eprosartin was better than that to enalapril . A high dose of either eprosartan or enalapril significantly decreased the indices of platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients . The benefits of both agents can not be explained solely by their antihypertensive effects and possibly may be mediated through their unique effect on angiotensin blockade ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2562
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18466",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartan and enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18467",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18468",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18469",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril or eprosartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
1255,
1278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18470",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18471",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18472",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18473",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18474",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18475",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartan and enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18476",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Eprosartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
2055,
2065
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18477",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2183,
2193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18478",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18479",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eprosartan or enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
2252,
2275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18480",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18481",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelets"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18482",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelium function"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18483",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet and endothelial function"
],
"offsets": [
[
535,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18484",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet factor 4 ( PF-4 ) , beta-thromboglobulin ( beta-TG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
940,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18485",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"the ratio of platelet factor 4 to beta-thromboglobulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1004,
1058
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18486",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelial function by measuring total plasma nitrate levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18487",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1129,
1165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18488",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood flow using venous occlusive plethysmography"
],
"offsets": [
[
1172,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18489",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sitting blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1285,
1307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18490",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diastolic blood pressure ( DPB )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1521,
1553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18491",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1630,
1633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18492",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet activation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1797,
1816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18493",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelial dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1821,
1844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18494",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18495",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
2069,
2078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18496",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well-tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
2083,
2097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18497",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1630,
1633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18498",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet activation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1797,
1816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18499",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"essential hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18500",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"42"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18501",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"27"
],
"offsets": [
[
867,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18502",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
870,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18503",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"15"
],
"offsets": [
[
878,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18504",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"females"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
888
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18505",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensive"
],
"offsets": [
[
2366,
2378
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18506 | 15356085 | [
{
"id": "18507",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Flutamide-metformin plus ethinylestradiol-drospirenone for lipolysis and antiatherogenesis in young women with ovarian hyperandrogenism : the key role of early , low-dose flutamide . A low-dose combination of flutamide-metformin and ethinylestradiol-drospirenone was recently found to reduce the excess of total and abdominal fat , to diminish the deficit in lean mass , and to attenuate the dysadipocytokinemia of young women with ovarian hyperandrogenism , a variant of polycystic ovary syndrome . We questioned the need to give flutamide , an androgen receptor blocker , together with an oral contraceptive that contains drospirenone , a progestin claimed to have antiandrogen properties . The additive effects of low-dose flutamide ( 62.5 mg/d ) were assessed over 3 months in young patients with hyperinsulinemic ovarian hyperandrogenism ( n = 40 ; age , approximately 17 yr ; body mass index , approximately 22 kg/m ( 2 ) ) ; all participants started on metformin ( 850 mg/d ) and a fourth-generation contraceptive ( ethinylestradiol 30 microg plus drospirenone 3 mg , 21 d/month ) , and they were randomized to receive flutamide in addition ( n = 20 ) or not ( n = 20 ) . Fasting blood glucose , serum insulin , lipid profile , testosterone , adiponectin , and IL-6 were determined at baseline and after 3 months , together with body composition ( by dual x-ray absorptiometry ) and with Doppler assessment of ovarian arterial resistance . At start , the pulsatility and resistance indices of ovarian arteries were elevated . By comparison of 3-month changes between randomized subgroups , the addition of low-dose flutamide was found to have consistently ( more ) normalizing effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , IL-6 , and adiponectin , lean body mass , total and abdominal fat mass , and arterial flow in the ovaries . In conclusion , low-dose flutamide is herewith identified as a pivotal component within a first contraceptive combination therapy that has been shown to attenuate the hypoadiponectinemia , ovarian vascular hyperresistance , lean mass deficit , and central adiposity of young women with polycystic ovary syndrome . Finally , these data challenge any claim that drospirenone , as currently used in a contraceptive , is a clinically significant antiandrogen ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2297
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18508",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flutamide-metformin"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18509",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinylestradiol-drospirenone"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18510",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"drospirenone"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18511",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose flutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18512",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18513",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinylestradiol 30 microg plus drospirenone 3 mg , 21 d/month"
],
"offsets": [
[
1023,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18514",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18515",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18516",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"drospirenone"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18517",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lipolysis and antiatherogenesis"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18518",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"excess of total and abdominal fat"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18519",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lean mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18520",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dysadipocytokinemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18521",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Fasting blood glucose"
],
"offsets": [
[
1179,
1200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18522",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1203,
1216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18523",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lipid profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18524",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"testosterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1235,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18525",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adiponectin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1250,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18526",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6"
],
"offsets": [
[
1268,
1272
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18527",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"pulsatility"
],
"offsets": [
[
1462,
1473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18528",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"resistance indices"
],
"offsets": [
[
1478,
1496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18529",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , IL-6"
],
"offsets": [
[
1695,
1737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18530",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adiponectin , lean body mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
1744,
1772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18531",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total and abdominal fat mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
1775,
1803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18532",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial flow in the ovaries"
],
"offsets": [
[
1810,
1838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18533",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypoadiponectinemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
2008,
2027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18534",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ovarian vascular hyperresistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
2030,
2062
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18535",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lean mass deficit"
],
"offsets": [
[
2065,
2082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18536",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"central adiposity"
],
"offsets": [
[
2089,
2106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18537",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18538",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18539",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ovarian hyperandrogenism"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18540",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18541",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18542",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ovarian hyperandrogenism"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18543",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"variant of polycystic ovary syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18544",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"17 yr"
],
"offsets": [
[
874,
879
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18545 | 15356657 | [
{
"id": "18546",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Low-dose oral etoposide-based induction regimen for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse . We evaluated the clinical response to low-dose etoposide in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) . Of the 45 patients with ALL in first bone marrow relapse enrolled on the ALL R15 protocol , 44 had received epipodophyllotoxins during frontline therapy . In the first week of remission induction therapy , patients received etoposide ( 50 mg/m ( 2 ) per day ) administered orally as a single agent once or twice daily . On Day 8 , patients started to receive dexamethasone , vincristine , and L-asparaginase . Etoposide was administered until Day 22 . Two courses of consolidation therapy were followed by continuation therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . After 7 days of single-agent etoposide treatment , peripheral blast cell counts ( P=0.013 ) and percentages of bone marrow blasts ( P=0.016 ) were significantly reduced . In all , 38 ( 84.4 % ) attained second remission . Only time to relapse was significantly associated with outcome ( P=0.025 ) : the 5-year event-free survival estimates ( +/-se ) were 52.0+/-9.6 % for those with late relapse and 20.0+/-8.0 % for those with early relapse . We conclude that low-dose etoposide administered orally has a cytoreductive effect in relapsed ALL ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1350
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18547",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Low-dose oral etoposide-based"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18548",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose etoposide"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18549",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"epipodophyllotoxins during frontline therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
342,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18550",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"etoposide"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone , vincristine , and L-asparaginase"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Etoposide"
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18553",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continuation therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
740,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18554",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18555",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose etoposide"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18556",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical response"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral blast cell counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percentages of bone marrow blasts"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"second remission ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1009,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18560",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to relapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
1033,
1048
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18561",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"5-year event-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1109,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18562",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18563",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute lymphoblastic leukemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18564",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute lymphoblastic leukemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18565",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ALL"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18566",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"45"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18567 | 15358441 | [
{
"id": "18568",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Estradiol and the addition of progesterone increase the sensitivity to a neurosteroid in postmenopausal women . The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamic response to a neuroactive steroid , pregnanolone , before and during different hormonal settings of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) , using natural progesterone . A second aim was to investigate whether the response to pregnanolone was associated with cyclicity in negative mood symptoms during treatment . Twenty six postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were administered HRT in a randomized , double blinded , placebo-controlled , crossover study . The women received 2 mg oral estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) continuously during two 28-day cycles and 800 mg of vaginal progesterone or placebo sequentially for the last 14 days of each treatment cycle . Pharmacodynamic response to pregnanolone was assessed before treatment , and during the last week of each treatment cycle , by comparing the effects of intravenous pregnanolone ( 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one ) on saccadic eye velocity ( SEV ) , saccade acceleration , saccade latency and self-rated sedation . Throughout the study daily symptom rating scales were kept . According to the daily symptom rating scales , patients were divided into two groups ; one group who displayed a significant variance in negative mood symptoms during HRT ( cyclicity ) and one group with no cyclical changes in negative mood symptoms during treatment . During treatment with either E ( 2 ) alone or E ( 2 ) +progesterone the response in saccadic eye movement parameters and in self-rated sedation to pregnanolone was enhanced compared to pretreatment values . The SEV , saccade acceleration and sedation responses to pregnanolone was also increased in women expressing cyclicity in negative mood symptoms compared to women with no cyclical changes in negative mood during HRT . In conclusion , during treatment with either E ( 2 ) alone , or E ( 2 ) +progesterone , pregnanolone sensitivity was increased . Women expressing cyclicity in negative mood symptoms were more sensitive to pregnanolone than women without symptom cyclicity during HRT ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2183
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18569",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Estradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18570",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18571",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"neuroactive steroid , pregnanolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy ( HRT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"natural progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18574",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pregnanolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HRT"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18576",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral estradiol ( E ( 2 ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18577",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vaginal progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
752,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18578",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18579",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pregnanolone ( 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1008,
1060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18580",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HRT"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18581",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"E ( 2 ) alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1520,
1533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18582",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"E ( 2 ) +progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1537,
1558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18583",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pregnanolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18584",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HRT"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18585",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"E ( 2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18586",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"E ( 2 ) +progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1537,
1558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18587",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pregnanolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18588",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HRT"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18589",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"negative mood symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18590",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Pharmacodynamic response"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18591",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"saccadic eye velocity ( SEV ) , saccade acceleration , saccade latency and self-rated sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18592",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"daily symptom rating scales"
],
"offsets": [
[
1182,
1209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18593",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"daily symptom rating scales"
],
"offsets": [
[
1182,
1209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18594",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"negative mood symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18595",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"saccadic eye movement parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1575,
1607
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18596",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"self-rated sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18597",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"saccade acceleration and sedation responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
1708,
1751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18598",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"negative mood symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18599",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pregnanolone sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
2004,
2028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18600",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postmenopausal"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18601",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18602",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty six"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18603",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postmenopausal"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18604",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18605",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"climacteric symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18606",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"negative mood symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18607",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"negative mood symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18608",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"negative mood symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18609 | 15358853 | [
{
"id": "18610",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Peripheral arterial disease : therapeutic confidence of CT versus digital subtraction angiography and effects on additional imaging recommendations . PURPOSE To compare multi-detector row computed tomographic ( CT ) angiography and digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) prior to revascularization in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease for the purpose of assessing recommendations for additional imaging and physician confidence ratings for chosen therapy . MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized controlled trial , 73 patients were assigned to CT angiography , and 72 were assigned to DSA . Physician confidence in the treatment decision was measured as a continuous outcome on a scale of 0-10 ( uncertain to certain ) and as a dichotomous outcome ( further imaging recommended , yes or no ) . Mean confidence scores and additional imaging recommendations were compared between CT and DSA groups in an intention-to-diagnose-and-treat analysis . To detect trends in confidence , confidence scores were plotted over time , and multiple linear regression analysis was performed . To detect trends in additional imaging recommendations , logistic regression analysis was used . Data from eligible nonrandomized patients were analyzed separately . RESULTS No statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between randomized groups was found . CT had a lower confidence score than did DSA ( 7.2 vs 8.2 , P < .001 ) . Further imaging was recommended more often after CT ( 25 of 71 patients , 35 % ) than after DSA ( nine of 66 patients , 14 % ; P = .003 ) . Analysis of trends demonstrated increasing ( but not statistically significant ) confidence in CT and stable confidence in DSA . No significant difference was found in baseline characteristics between randomized and nonrandomized patients . Among nonrandomized patients , no significant difference in mean confidence score ( 8.2 vs 8.3 , P = .26 ) was found between CT ( n = 24 ) and DSA ( n = 26 ) . CONCLUSION With CT angiography , physician confidence decreases with an associated increase in additional imaging prior to revascularization in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease . Given that CT is less invasive than DSA , results suggest that CT may replace DSA in selected cases ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2292
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18611",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18612",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"digital subtraction angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18613",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"multi-detector row computed tomographic ( CT ) angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18614",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"digital subtraction angiography ( DSA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18615",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"revascularization"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18616",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
564,
578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18617",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18618",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18619",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18620",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18621",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18622",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18623",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18624",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18625",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18626",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18627",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18628",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
564,
578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18629",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18630",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18631",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18632",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18633",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Physician confidence in the treatment decision"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18634",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Mean confidence scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18635",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"additional imaging recommendations"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18636",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"additional imaging recommendations"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18637",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"lower confidence score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1386,
1408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18638",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"confidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18639",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"confidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18640",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"No significant difference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1719,
1744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18641",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mean confidence score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1891,
1912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18642",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
302,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18643",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"73 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
535,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18644",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"were assigned to CT angiography , and"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18645",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"72"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18646",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"were assigned to DSA"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
608
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18647 | 15358872 | [
{
"id": "18648",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Parent management training and Asperger syndrome : a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a parent based intervention . This controlled trial of a parent management intervention aimed to increase parental competence in management of problem behaviours associated with Asperger syndrome . The intervention compared two formats , a 1 day workshop and six individual sessions . Measures were taken on three occasions : pre-intervention , at 4 weeks , and at 3 month follow-up . Variables of interest were number and intensity of problem behaviours , and parent evaluation of social interaction skills . Results showed parents reporting fewer and lower intensity of problem behaviours and increased social interactions at 4 weeks and 3 months . Results held across formats and suggest that parent management training can provide an effective intervention for parents of a child with Asperger syndrome . Group differences on outcome measures and in the use of strategies are discussed along with limitations of the study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1020
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18649",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Parent management training"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18650",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent based intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18651",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent management intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18652",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"1 day workshop and six individual sessions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18653",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"parent based intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18654",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number and intensity of problem behaviours"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18655",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parent evaluation of social interaction skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18656",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"intensity of problem behaviours"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18657",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"increased social interactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18658",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effective intervention for parents of a child with Asperger syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
831,
899
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18659",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Parent management training and Asperger syndrome :"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18660",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"parent based"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18661",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Asperger syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18662",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"child"
],
"offsets": [
[
871,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18663",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Asperger syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18664 | 1536276 | [
{
"id": "18665",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Differential response of seven subjects with autistic disorder to clomipramine and desipramine . OBJECTIVE Clomipramine , a serotonin reuptake blocker that has unique antiobsessional properties , was hypothesized to have a different effect from that of desipramine , a tricyclic antidepressant with selective adrenergic effects , for the stereotyped , repetitive behaviors in autism . METHOD Seven subjects , ages 6-18 years , with autistic disorder completed a 10-week double-blind , crossover trial of clomipramine and desipramine following a 2-week single-blind , placebo phase . RESULTS Clomipramine was superior to desipramine and placebo , as indicated by standardized ratings of autism and anger as well as ratings of repetitive and compulsive behaviors . Clomipramine and desipramine were equally superior to placebo for ratings of hyperactivity . Parents of all seven subjects elected to have their children continue to take clomipramine after the study . CONCLUSIONS Clomipramine and desipramine are differentially effective in treating the obsessive-compulsive and core symptoms in autistic disorder . Biological links between compulsions and stereotyped , repetitive behaviors in autistic disorder should be explored ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1230
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18666",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clomipramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18667",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desipramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18668",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clomipramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18669",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desipramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18670",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
567,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18671",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ratings of autism and anger"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18672",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"ratings of repetitive and compulsive behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
714,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18673",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"ratings of hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18674",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"obsessive-compulsive"
],
"offsets": [
[
1051,
1071
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18675",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"core symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1076,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18676",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18677",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subjects with autistic disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18678",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18679",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"ages 6-18 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18680",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18681",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18682 | 15364709 | [
{
"id": "18683",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Further evaluation of docosahexaenoic acid in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A treatment : subgroup analyses . OBJECTIVE To determine whether docosahexaenoic acid will slow the course of retinal degeneration in subgroups of patients with retinitis pigmentosa who are receiving vitamin A . DESIGN A cohort of 208 patients with retinitis pigmentosa , aged 18 to 55 years , were randomly assigned to 1200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid plus 15 000 IU/d of vitamin A given as retinyl palmitate ( DHA + A group ) or control fatty acid plus 15 000 IU/d of vitamin A ( control + A group ) and followed up over 4 years . Seventy percent of the patients in each group were taking vitamin A , 15 000 IU/d , prior to entry . We compared rates of decline in ocular function in the DHA + A vs control + A groups among the subgroups defined by use or nonuse of vitamin A prior to entry . We also determined whether decline in ocular function was related to red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine docosahexaenoic acid level , dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake , or duration of vitamin A use . Main outcome measures were Humphrey Field Analyzer visual field sensitivity , 30-Hz electroretinogram amplitude , and visual acuity . RESULTS Among patients not taking vitamin A prior to entry , those in the DHA + A group had a slower decline in field sensitivity and electroretinogram amplitude than those in the control + A group over the first 2 years ( P =.01 and P =.03 , respectively ) ; these differences were not observed in years 3 and 4 of follow-up or among patients taking vitamin A prior to entry . In the entire cohort , red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine docosahexaenoic acid level was inversely related to rate of decline in total field sensitivity over 4 years ( test for trend , P =.05 ) . This was particularly evident over the first 2 years among those not on vitamin A prior to entry ( test for trend , P =.003 ) . In the entire control + A group , dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake was inversely related to loss of total field sensitivity over 4 years ( intake , < 0.20 vs > or =0.20 g/d ; P =.02 ) . The duration of vitamin A supplementation prior to entry was inversely related to rate of decline in electroretinogram amplitude ( P =.008 ) . CONCLUSIONS For patients with retinitis pigmentosa beginning vitamin A therapy , addition of docosahexaenoic acid , 1200 mg/d , slowed the course of disease for 2 years . Among patients on vitamin A for at least 2 years , a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids ( > or =0.20 g/d ) slowed the decline in visual field sensitivity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2592
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18684",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docosahexaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18685",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18686",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docosahexaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18687",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18688",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docosahexaenoic acid plus 15 000 IU/d of vitamin A given as retinyl palmitate ( DHA + A group )"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18689",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control fatty acid plus 15 000 IU/d of vitamin A ( control + A group )"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18690",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18691",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DHA + A"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18692",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"control + A"
],
"offsets": [
[
580,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18693",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18694",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"not taking vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
1254,
1274
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18695",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DHA + A"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18696",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"control + A"
],
"offsets": [
[
580,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18697",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18698",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docosahexaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18699",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"not on vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
1875,
1891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18700",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dietary omega-3 fatty acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1030,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18701",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin A supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
2141,
2166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18702",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"vitamin A therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
2329,
2346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18703",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docosahexaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18704",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin A"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18705",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omega-3 fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
2505,
2524
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18706",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Humphrey Field Analyzer visual field sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18707",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"30-Hz electroretinogram amplitude"
],
"offsets": [
[
1175,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18708",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual acuity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1215,
1228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18709",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"field sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1155,
1172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18710",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"electroretinogram amplitude"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18711",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total field sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1743,
1766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18712",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total field sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1743,
1766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18713",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"duration of vitamin A supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
2129,
2166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18714",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"retinitis pigmentosa"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18715",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"retinitis pigmentosa"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18716",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"208"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18717",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"retinitis pigmentosa"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18718",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"18 to 55 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18719",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"retinitis pigmentosa"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18720 | 15374792 | [
{
"id": "18721",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Association of race with complications and prognosis following acute coronary syndromes . The baseline characteristics , complications , and survival of 489 black and 6,890 non-black patients with acute coronary syndromes were studied . Important racial differences were observed in demographic features , atherosclerosis risk factors , and treatment strategies ; however , despite these differences , no independent difference was observed in clinical outcomes according to race . The 1-year mortality rate was 2.9 % for black patients and 2.5 % for non-black patients ( p = 0.93 ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
584
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18722",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"race"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18723",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"treatment strategies"
],
"offsets": [
[
341,
361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18724",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"characteristics"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18725",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18726",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18727",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"racial differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
247,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18728",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"atherosclerosis risk factors"
],
"offsets": [
[
306,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18729",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"treatment strategies"
],
"offsets": [
[
341,
361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18730",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18731",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"489"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18732",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"6,890"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18733",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary syndromes"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18734 | 15377466 | [
{
"id": "18735",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte globulin , cyclosporine and two different granulocyte colony-stimulating factor regimens : a GITMO prospective randomized study . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In a previous study we showed that patients with severe aplastic anemia ( SAA ) treated with anti-lymphocyte globulin ( ALG ) , cyclosporin ( CyA ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) 5 micro g/kg/day had an encouraging outcome . However , failure to respond , delayed responses , partial responses , relapses and early deaths remain significant problems . The aim of the present study was to test whether a higher dose of G-CSF ( 10 micro g/kg/day ) would reduce these complications . DESIGN AND METHODS This was a multicenter prospective trial in 77 SAA patients treated with horse ALG ( 15 mg/kg/day day1-5 ) and CyA ( 5 mg/kg/day day 1-180 ) . Patients were randomized to receive G-CSF 5 micro g/kg/day ( n=38 , group A ) or 10 micro g/kg/day ( n=39 , group B ) from day +1 to day +30 . All patients then received G-CSF 5 micro g/kg/day from day +31 to day +90 . The primary end point of this study was response at day +120 . Secondary end points were early deaths , blood counts at day +120 , and survival . RESULTS At day +120 responses were classified as absent , partial , and complete in 12 , 22 , and 4 patients in group A and in 23 , 7 , and 9 patients in group B ( p=0.001 ) . At last follow-up these figures were respectively 9 , 12 , and 17 vs 19 , 2 , and 18 ( p=0.004 ) . Thirteen patients ( 5 in group A and 8 in group B ) died before day 120 ( p=0.3 ) . Median peripheral blood counts on day 120 were comparable in the two groups : Hb 10.5 and 9.5 g/dL in group A and B , respectively ( p=0.6 ) , Neutrophil counts were 2.4 vs 1.9x10 ( 9 ) /L in groups A and B ( p=0.4 ) and platelet counts were , respectively , 42 vs 36x10 ( 9 ) /L ( p=0.3 ) . The actuarial survival at 4 years is 72 % in group A and 67 % in group B ( p=0.3 ) . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Increasing the dose of G-CSF does not appear to reduce early deaths , does not improve peripheral blood counts nor survival , and may reduce the response rate in patients with SAA receiving ALG and CyA ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2211
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18736",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antilymphocyte globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18737",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18738",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"granulocyte colony-stimulating factor regimens"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18739",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anti-lymphocyte globulin ( ALG"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18740",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin ( CyA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
340,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18741",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18742",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"G-CSF"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18743",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"horse ALG ( 15 mg/kg/day day1-5 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18744",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CyA ( 5 mg/kg/day day 1-180 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18745",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"receive G-CSF 5 micro g/kg/day ( n=38 , group A ) or 10 micro g/kg/day ( n=39 , group B ) from day +1 to day +30 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
904,
1018
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18746",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"G-CSF 5"
],
"offsets": [
[
912,
919
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18747",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"G-CSF"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18748",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ALG"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18749",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CyA"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18750",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"failure to respond , delayed responses , partial responses , relapses"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18751",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"early deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18752",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"reduce these complications ."
],
"offsets": [
[
685,
713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18753",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18754",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"early deaths ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
1184,
1198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18755",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
1199,
1211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18756",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1230,
1240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18757",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
506
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18758",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"absent , partial"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18759",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"complete"
],
"offsets": [
[
1313,
1321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18760",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"died"
],
"offsets": [
[
1568,
1572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18761",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral blood counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
1607,
1630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18762",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Neutrophil counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
1743,
1760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18763",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
1821,
1836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18764",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"actuarial survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1896,
1914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18765",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"reduce early deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
2056,
2075
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18766",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral blood counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
1607,
1630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18767",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1230,
1238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18768",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2153,
2166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18769",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with severe aplastic anemia ( SAA ) treated with anti-lymphocyte globulin ( ALG ) , cyclosporin ( CyA ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
247,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18770",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"77"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
779
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18771 | 15383046 | [
{
"id": "18772",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Atrial remodeling after mitral valve surgery in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation . BACKGROUND Mitral valve pathology is frequently associated with auricular dilatation and atrial fibrillation . Mitral surgery allows an immediate surgical auricular remodeling and besides in those cases in which sinus rhythm is reached , it is followed by a late remodeling . The aim of this study is to investigate the process of postoperative auricular remodeling in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation undergoing mitral surgery . METHODS In a prospective randomized trial , 50 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and dilated left atrium , submitted to surgical mitral repair , were divided into two groups : Group I contained 25 patients with left auricular reduction and mitral surgery , and Group II contained 25 patients with isolated valve surgery . Both groups were considered homogeneous in the preoperative assessment . RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 31 months , 46 % of patients included in Group I versus 18 % of patients included in Group II restarted sinus rhythm ( p = 0.06 ) . An auricular remodeling with size regression occurred in those patients who recovered from sinus rhythm , worthy of remark in Group II ( -10.8 % of left auricular volume reduction in Group I compared to -21.5 % in Group II ; p < 0.05 ) . A new atrial enlargement took place in those patients who remained with atrial fibrillation ( +16.8 % left auricular volume in Group I vs. +8.4 % in Group II ; p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Mitral surgery produces an atrial postoperative volume that decrease especially when reduction techniques are employed . Late left atrial remodeling depended on the type of atrial rhythm and postoperative surgical volume ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1751
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18773",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Atrial remodeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18774",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"mitral valve surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18775",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Mitral surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18776",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"mitral surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18777",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"left auricular reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18778",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"mitral surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18779",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"isolated valve surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
864
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18780",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Atrial remodeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18781",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sinus rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
306,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18782",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"auricular remodeling with size regression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1109,
1150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18783",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"new atrial enlargement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1346,
1368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18784",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"atrial rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1702,
1715
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18785",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative surgical volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
1720,
1749
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18786",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"permanent atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18787",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"permanent atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18788",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"50"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18789",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"permanent atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18790",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"dilated left atrium"
],
"offsets": [
[
630,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18791",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"25"
],
"offsets": [
[
739,
741
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18792",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"left auricular reduction and mitral surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18793",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"isolated valve surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
864
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18794 | 1541306 | [
{
"id": "18795",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Absorption of intramuscular phenobarbitone in children with severe falciparum malaria . The absorption of intramuscular phenobarbitone 7 mg.kg-1 was studied in 11 Karen children aged between 1.7 and 11 y with severe falciparum malaria . Eight of the children were comatose . Clinical findings were compared with those in 9 further children with severe malaria of similar age range ( four of whom were unconscious ) , who received an identical placebo . One child , who had received placebo , had repeated convulsions and died 1 h after admission to hospital . The remainder made an uncomplicated recovery . There were no convulsions subsequent to treatment , although the study was too small to assess anticonvulsant efficacy . There was no observable toxicity , but phenobarbitone recipients had a significant tendency to deepen in their level of coma or to become sleepy within the 4 h after drug administration . Phenobarbitone was rapidly absorbed , reaching a mean ( range ) peak concentration of 34.2 [ 29.3-42.6 ] mumol.l-1 in a median ( range ) of 4 ( 2.5-12 ) h. These values are comparable to those previously reported in healthy children and in children with febrile convulsions . Intramuscular phenobarbitone is well absorbed in children with severe malaria ; the optimum prophylactic anticonvulsant dose remains to be determined ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1343
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18796",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intramuscular phenobarbitone 7 mg.kg-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18797",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"identical placebo ."
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
452
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18798",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Absorption of intramuscular phenobarbitone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18799",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"absorption of intramuscular phenobarbitone"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18800",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"repeated convulsions"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18801",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"uncomplicated recovery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
582,
606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18802",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"convulsions"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18803",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
752,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18804",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"level of coma"
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18805",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"become sleepy"
],
"offsets": [
[
859,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18806",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"febrile convulsions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1170,
1189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18807",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18808",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"falciparum malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18809",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"11"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18810",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Karen"
],
"offsets": [
[
163,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18811",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"between 1.7 and 11 y"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18812",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"falciparum malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18813",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
242
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18814 | 15446660 | [
{
"id": "18815",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Faulty Japanese sentences are judged more grammatical when punctuation is used : negative implications for Chomsky 's principle of Full Interpretation . 88 adult Japanese speakers judged the grammaticality of isolated simple bitransitive sentences involving an uninterpretable extra argument in addition to three legitimate arguments . The sentences thus violated Chomsky 's principle of Full Interpretation which prohibits the structure building of a sentence including uninterpretable elements . The primary variable of interest was the presence or absence of punctuation , i.e. , commas , which enclosed the extra argument . Findings showed that sentences with punctuation were judged more grammatical than the ones without punctuation , with an average score of judged grammaticality exceeding 3 on a 7-point scale ( 1 =least grammatical ; 7=most grammatical ) . This score would not be expected if the speakers possess and judge the sentences in conformity with the principle of Full Interpretation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1005
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18816",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"grammatical"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18817",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Chomsky 's principle of Full Interpretation"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18818",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"uninterpretable extra argument"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18819",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"legitimate arguments"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18820",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"grammatical"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18821",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"88"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18822",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18823",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Japanese"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18824 | 15449150 | [
{
"id": "18825",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Enhanced induction of apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma after preoperative chemotherapy with tegafur and uracil ( UFT ) . PURPOSE To determine if the preoperative administration of tegafur and uracil ( UFT ) to patients with lung adenocarcinoma could induce apoptosis . METHODS We conducted a randomized prospective study on 30 patients with lung adenocarcinoma , divided into two groups of 15 patients each . One group received UFT 600 mg/day preoperatively for 7 consecutive days and a control group received no chemotherapy or radiotherapy . The apoptotic index ( AI ) was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end-labeling ( TUNEL ) method . Expression of Ki-67 was examined by immunohistochemical staining . The concentration of 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) in tumor tissue was measured by chemical assay . RESULTS The AI of lung adenocarcinoma cells increased significantly in the UFT-treated group but not in the control group . A significant positive correlation was seen between the AI and the 5-FU concentrations in the tumor tissue . CONCLUSIONS The continuous oral administration of UFT for 7 days preoperatively resulted in enhanced apoptosis and a significant positive correlation between the AI and 5-FU concentrations in lung adenocarcinoma . Therefore , it may be possible to evaluate the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy based on the AI ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1415
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18826",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tegafur"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18827",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"uracil"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18828",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tegafur and uracil ( UFT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18829",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no chemotherapy or radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18830",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"induction"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18831",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"apoptotic index ( AI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18832",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end-labeling ( TUNEL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18833",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Expression of Ki-67"
],
"offsets": [
[
710,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18834",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"immunohistochemical staining"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18835",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentration of 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) in tumor tissue"
],
"offsets": [
[
781,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18836",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AI of lung adenocarcinoma cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18837",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AI"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18838",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"the 5-FU concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1058,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18839",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"apoptosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18840",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AI"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18841",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"5-FU"
],
"offsets": [
[
815,
819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18842",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lung adenocarcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18843",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with lung adenocarcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18844 | 15453848 | [
{
"id": "18845",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Position of anterior capsulorhexis and posterior capsule opacification . PURPOSE To evaluate whether the position of the anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis influences the rate of posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) . METHODS A total of 119 patients , aged 61-86 years , underwent cataract surgery with phacoemulsification performed by a single surgeon . The patients were randomized to implantation with either a silicone intraocular lens ( IOL ) ( SI40NB , Allergan ) or an AcrySof IOL ( MA60BM , Alcon ) . Three years after surgery , the rate of PCO was analysed using the evaluation of posterior capsule opacification computer software ( EPCO ) . The results were related to the capsulorhexis position , which was assessed with a retroillumination photograph . RESULTS If the capsulorhexis was located partially or completely off the optics of the IOL , compared to totally on the IOL , significantly more PCO was found ( p = 0.0014 ) . When comparing within each IOL type , patients with AcrySof IOLs were found to have significantly less PCO when the capsulorhexis was totally on the optic ( p = 0.0048 ) . This difference was also significant in the silicone group ( p = 0.041 ) . CONCLUSION A relatively small and central capsulorhexis allowing for the complete covering of the IOL optics by the rhexis edges seems to protect against PCO in cataract surgery , with both round-edged silicone IOLs and sharp-edged hydrophobic acrylic IOLs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1460
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18846",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"silicone intraocular lens ( IOL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
428,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18847",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"SI40NB , Allergan"
],
"offsets": [
[
464,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18848",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"AcrySof IOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
490,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18849",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IOL optics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1300,
1310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18850",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acrylic IOLs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1446,
1458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18851",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of posterior capsule opacification ( PCO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18852",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of PCO"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18853",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"capsulorhexis"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18854",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"optics of the IOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
852,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18855",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"totally on the IOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
902
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18856",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PCO"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18857",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PCO"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18858",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PCO"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18859",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"119"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18860",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"61-86 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18861",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cataract surgery with phacoemulsification"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18862 | 15463829 | [
{
"id": "18863",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Creon 10,000 Minimicrospheres vs. Creon 8,000 microspheres -- an open randomised crossover preference study . Creon 10,000 Minimicrospherestrade mark ( Creon ) 10,000 MMS ) is a pancreatic enzyme formulation that contains smaller spheres of pancreatin in a 50 % smaller capsule than conventional microspheres ( Creon ) 8,000 ) . This three-centre study investigated the preference of cystic fibrosis ( CF ) patients for these products . In one centre , 72 h stool fat excretion and coefficient of fat absorption ( CFA ) were also compared . Fifty-nine patients with a mean age 10 years ( range 3-17 ) took Creon 8,000 ms for 14 days and were then randomised to 28 days of Creon 8,000 ms followed by 28 days of Creon 10,000 MMS , or vice versa . Dosing was lipase for lipase according to the labelled declaration . At the end of the second treatment period , 51 of 54 patients who completed the study expressed a preference , with a statistically significant preference in favour of Creon 10,000 MMS ( 47/51 ; 87 % ) vs. Creon 8,000 ms ( 4/51 ; 7.4 % ; P < 0.0001 ) . Stool fat ( g/day ) and CFA ( % ) were measured in 24 patients at the end of each treatment period : the products were therapeutically equivalent ( Creon 10,000 : 8.4 g/day , 91.3 % CFA ; Creon 8,000 : 6.7 g/day , 93.5 % CFA ) . Both products were well tolerated . In conclusion , in CF children we found a clear preference for Creon 10,000 MMS compared with Creon 8,000 ms with no difference in fat absorption between the two products . Creon 10,000s smaller capsules are easier to take and should aid patient compliance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1590
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18864",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Creon 10,000 Minimicrospheres"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18865",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Creon 8,000 microspheres"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18866",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Creon 10,000 Minimicrospherestrade mark ( Creon ) 10,000 MMS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
110,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18867",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"microspheres ( Creon ) 8,000 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18868",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Creon 8,000 ms"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18869",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Creon 10,000 MMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
710,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18870",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Creon"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18871",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Creon"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18872",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"preference"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18873",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stool fat excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18874",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coefficient of fat absorption ( CFA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18875",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"statistically significant preference"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
968
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18876",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Stool fat ( g/day )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1067,
1086
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18877",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CFA ( % )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1091,
1100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18878",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fat absorption"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18879",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cystic fibrosis ( CF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18880",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty-nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18881",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age 10 years ( range 3-17 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18882",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"51 of 54"
],
"offsets": [
[
858,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18883",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CF"
],
"offsets": [
[
402,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18884",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
1354,
1362
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18885 | 15464783 | [
{
"id": "18886",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of finasteride on the morphology of polycystic ovaries ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
64
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18887",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18888",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"morphology of polycystic ovaries ."
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18889",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"polycystic ovaries ."
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18890 | 15466792 | [
{
"id": "18891",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"In-hospital costs of self-expanding nitinol stent implantation versus balloon angioplasty in the femoropopliteal artery ( the VascuCoil Trial ) . PURPOSE Although several prospective studies have examined the safety and efficacy of stent placement for femoropopliteal arterial disease , the current cost of these procedures is unknown . To estimate and compare hospital costs associated with conventional balloon angioplasty ( percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [ PTA ] ) and stent placement for patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease , the authors performed a prospective economic evaluation in conjunction with the Intracoil Femoropopliteal Stent Trial ( VascuCoil ) . MATERIALS AND METHODS Between May 1997 and December 1999 , 266 patients with stenotic or occluded superficial femoral or popliteal arteries were prospectively randomized to treatment with the IntraCoil stent or PTA . Detailed resource use and cost data for each patient 's initial revascularization procedure and ensuing hospitalization were collected and analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis . RESULTS Compared with conventional balloon angioplasty , stent placement did not improve clinical outcomes but increased procedure duration , equipment costs , and physician services . As a result , initial hospital costs were approximately 3,500 dollars higher for patients randomized to the IntraCoil stent , compared with PTA ( 8,435 dollars vs 4,980 dollars ; P < .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS As performed in the VascuCoil trial , primary stent placement for femoropopliteal disease did not improve clinical outcomes but increased initial treatment costs by more than 3,000 dollars . Because there were no substantial differences in subsequent clinical outcomes between the two treatments , it is unlikely that these increased initial costs would be offset by savings in follow-up costs . These findings suggest that a strategy of routine stent implantation for patients undergoing femoropopliteal PTA is not optimal on economic grounds and that PTA with provisional stent implantation is preferred ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2083
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18892",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"self-expanding nitinol stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18893",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"balloon angioplasty"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18894",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"stent placement"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18895",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional balloon angioplasty ( percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [ PTA ] )"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
474
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18896",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"stent placement"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18897",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IntraCoil stent"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18898",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18899",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional balloon angioplasty"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18900",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"stent placement"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18901",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IntraCoil stent"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18902",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18903",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"stent"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18904",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18905",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18906",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"provisional stent implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
2038,
2068
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18907",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"In-hospital costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18908",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18909",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18910",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hospital costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
3,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18911",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"resource use"
],
"offsets": [
[
915,
927
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18912",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost data"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18913",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical outcomes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1176,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18914",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"procedure duration , equipment costs , and physician services ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1208,
1271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18915",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"initial hospital costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1286,
1308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18916",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical outcomes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1176,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18917",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"initial treatment costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1614,
1637
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18918",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical outcomes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1176,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18919",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"initial costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1810,
1823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18920",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"follow-up costs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1854,
1871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18921",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"femoropopliteal arterial disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18922",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"266"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18923",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stenotic or occluded superficial femoral or popliteal arteries"
],
"offsets": [
[
766,
828
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18924",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients undergoing femoropopliteal PTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1945,
1984
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18925 | 15468367 | [
{
"id": "18926",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Equivalence study of a topical diclofenac solution ( pennsaid ) compared with oral diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee : a randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE . To compare the safety and efficacy of a topical diclofenac solution versus oral diclofenac in relieving the symptoms of primary osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the knee , in a randomized , double-blind , double-dummy equivalence trial . METHODS A total of 622 men and women with radiological evidence of primary knee OA and mild to severe symptoms were randomly assigned to treatment with a topical diclofenac solution plus placebo oral capsules , or placebo topical solution plus oral diclofenac ( 50 mg ) capsules . Patients applied 50 drops of study solution and took 1 study capsule 3 times daily for 12 weeks . Efficacy variables were pain and physical function , measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) VA 3.1 OA Index , and patient global assessment ( PGA ) . Equivalence in the per-protocol group was based on previously defined ranges of clinically significant difference . Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverse events , vital signs , and laboratory data . RESULTS The difference in mean ( 95 % CI ) change scores ( final minus baseline ) between treatments was 13.3 mm ( -8.6 to 35.2 ) for pain ( total scale 500 mm ) , 71.0 mm ( -2.4 to 144.5 ) for physical function ( total scale 1700 mm ) , and 4.3 mm ( -1.2 to 9.8 ) for PGA ( total scale 100 mm ) . The CI for each efficacy variable fell within the predefined equivalence ranges ( pain , +/- 75 mm ; physical function , +/- 255 mm ; PGA , +/- 20 mm ) , indicating that no clinically relevant difference was found between the 2 treatment arms . Safety analyses of patients applying topical diclofenac solution revealed some minor skin irritation at the application site -- mostly skin dryness in 83/311 ( 27 % ) patients -- but a significantly reduced incidence , relative to oral diclofenac , of total and severe gastrointestinal ( GI ) adverse events , including dyspepsia , abdominal pain , diarrhea , and nausea . The number of patients developing abnormal liver function tests ( including clinically significant elevation ) , hemoglobin , and creatinine clearance was significantly higher in the oral diclofenac group . CONCLUSION Application of this topical diclofenac solution to the knee of patients with OA produced relief of symptoms equivalent to oral diclofenac , with minor local skin irritation , but significantly reduced incidence of diclofenac-related GI complaints and abnormal laboratory values ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2602
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18927",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical diclofenac solution ( pennsaid )"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18928",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18929",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical diclofenac solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18930",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18931",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical diclofenac solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18932",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo oral capsules"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18933",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo topical solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18934",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18935",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18936",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18937",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical diclofenac solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18938",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18939",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18940",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Safety analyses"
],
"offsets": [
[
1732,
1747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18941",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"minor skin irritation at the application site -- mostly"
],
"offsets": [
[
1811,
1866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18942",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"total and severe gastrointestinal ( GI ) adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1984,
2039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18943",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"dyspepsia"
],
"offsets": [
[
2052,
2061
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18944",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"abdominal pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
2064,
2078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18945",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"diarrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
2081,
2089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18946",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea"
],
"offsets": [
[
2096,
2102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18947",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"relief of symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
2412,
2430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18948",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of"
],
"offsets": [
[
2524,
2536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18949",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diclofenac-related GI complaints"
],
"offsets": [
[
2537,
2569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18950",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abnormal laboratory values"
],
"offsets": [
[
2574,
2600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18951",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"osteoarthritis of the knee :"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18952",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with OA"
],
"offsets": [
[
2386,
2402
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18953 | 15472185 | [
{
"id": "18954",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in premenarcheal females : a co-twin approach . The age and developmental stage at which calcium supplementation produces the greatest bone effects remain controversial . We tested the hypothesis that calcium supplementation may improve bone accrual in premenarcheal females . Fifty-one pairs of premenarcheal female twins ( 27 monozygotic and 24 dizygotic ; mean +/- sd age , 10.3 +/- 1.5 yr ) participated in a randomized , single-blind , placebo-controlled trial with one twin of each pair receiving a 1200-mg calcium carbonate ( Caltrate ) supplement . Areal bone mineral density ( aBMD ) was measured at baseline and 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 months . There were no within-pair differences in height , weight , or calcium intake at baseline . Calcium supplementation was associated ( P < 0.05 ) with increased aBMD compared with placebo , adjusted for age , height , and weight at the following time points from baseline : total hip , 6 months ( 1.9 % ) , 12 months ( 1.6 % ) , and 18 months ( 2.4 % ) ; lumbar spine , 12 months ( 1.0 % ) ; femoral neck , 6 months ( 1.9 % ) . Adjusted total body bone mineral content was higher in the calcium group at 6 months ( 2.0 % ) , 12 months ( 2.5 % ) , 18 months ( 4.6 % ) , and 24 months ( 3.7 % ) , respectively ( all P < 0.001 ) . Calcium supplementation was effective in increasing aBMD at regional sites over the first 12-18 months , but these gains were not maintained to 24 months ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1484
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18955",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calcium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18956",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calcium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18957",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calcium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18958",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18959",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"receiving a 1200-mg calcium carbonate ( Caltrate ) supplement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18960",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Calcium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18961",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone accrual"
],
"offsets": [
[
291,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18962",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Areal bone mineral density ( aBMD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18963",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"aBMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
644
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18964",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Adjusted total body bone mineral content"
],
"offsets": [
[
1129,
1169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18965",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"aBMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
644
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18966",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"premenarcheal females :"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18967",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"within-pair differences in height , weight , or calcium intake at baseline ."
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
794
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18968 | 15472677 | [
{
"id": "18969",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Endoscopic sphincterotomy by using pure-cut electrosurgical current and the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis : a prospective randomized trial . BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the use of pure-cut electrosurgical current for endoscopic sphincterotomy may reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis . The aim of this study was to determine whether pure-cut current reduces the risk of pancreatitis compared with blend current . METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to undergo sphincterotomy over a non-conductive guidewire with 30 W/sec pure-cut current or 30 W/sec blend-2 current by a blinded endoscopist . Serum amylase and lipase levels were determined 1 day before and within 24 hours after ERCP . Post-ERCP pancreatitis was the primary outcome of interest . Secondary outcomes were as follows : severity of immediate bleeding , as graded by a 3-point scale from 1 ( no bleeding ) to 3 ( injection or balloon tamponade therapy required to stop bleeding ) and evidence of delayed bleeding 24 hours after ERCP . Analyses were performed in intention-to-treat fashion . RESULTS A total of 246 patients were randomized ( 116 pure-cut current , 130 blend current ) . There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups . The overall frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis was 6.9 % , with no significant difference in frequency between treatment arms ( pure cut , 7.8 % vs. blend , 6.1 % ; p = 0.62 ) . The difference in rates of pancreatitis between the two groups was 1.7 % : 95 % CI [ -4.8 % , 8.2 % ] . Six patients ( 2.4 % ) had delayed bleeding after ERCP , of which two required transfusion . There was a significant increase in minor bleeding episodes ( grade 2 ) in the pure-cut group ( p < 0.0001 ) . Delayed episodes of bleeding were equal ( n = 3 ) in each arm . CONCLUSIONS The type of current used when performing endoscopic sphincterotomy does not appear to alter the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis . The selection of electrosurgical current for biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy should be based on endoscopist preference ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2059
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18970",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Endoscopic sphincterotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18971",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pure-cut electrosurgical current"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18972",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"sphincterotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18973",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pure-cut current"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18974",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"sphincterotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18975",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"current"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18976",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endoscopic sphincterotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18977",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electrosurgical current"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18978",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endoscopic sphincterotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18979",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pancreatitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18980",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Post-ERCP pancreatitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18981",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"severity of immediate bleeding ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
805,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18982",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"balloon"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18983",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"evidence of delayed bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
968,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18984",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"post-ERCP pancreatitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18985",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pancreatitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18986",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"delayed bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18987",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"minor bleeding episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1657,
1680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18988",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Delayed episodes of bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1732,
1760
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
18989 | 15473502 | [
{
"id": "18990",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The relationship of changes in EORTC QLQ-C30 scores to ratings on the Subjective Significance Questionnaire in men with localized prostate cancer . PURPOSE To examine the relationship between changes in health-related quality-of-life ( HRQOL ) on the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire ( QLQ-C30 ) , and patients ' perceptions of HRQOL changes as measured by the Subjective Significance Questionnaire ( SSQ ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 101 patients completed the QLQ-C30 on weeks 1 , 4 and 7 of radical external-beam radiation therapy ( RT ) for localized cancer of the prostate . Patients rated their change in physical functioning , emotional functioning , social functioning , and overall/global quality of life ( QOL ) by completing a seven-category SSQ at weeks 4 and 7 . The association between changes in the QLQ-C30 change and the corresponding SSQ ratings were determined by calculation of mean change scores for each SSQ category and by Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis . RESULTS Patients ' completion of the QLQ-C30 and SSQ exceeded 95 % . Statistically significant changes in fatigue , pain , appetite , diarrhea , and global QOL scores were detected during RT . For patients reporting 'a little ' change in global QOL on the SSQ , absolute mean QLQ-C30 change scores ranged between 0 to 15 points with 12/16 mean change scores between 2.5 and 8.5 points . In the entire study sample , correlations between SSQ patient ratings and QLQ-C30 change scores were lower than previously reported , ranging between 0.15 and 0.24 for the four different domains , but were higher when QOL scores producing ceiling effects were omitted . CONCLUSION The SSQ and QLQ-C30 may measure related concepts that could assist in the interpretation of changes in scores and in the calibration of the QLQ-C30 . However , the nature of this relationship could not be elucidated in this data set because of a lack of variance in HRQOL scores in the study sample . Further investigation should be carried out in study samples with sufficient variance to allow more robust conclusions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2093
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "18991",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18992",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire ( QLQ-C30"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18993",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Subjective Significance Questionnaire ( SSQ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18994",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"QLQ-C30"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18995",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"external-beam radiation therapy ( RT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18996",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18997",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18998",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18999",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19000",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19001",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19002",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19003",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"QLQ-C30"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19004",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"QLQ-C30"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19005",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Subjective Significance Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19006",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"health-related quality-of-life ( HRQOL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19007",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire ( QLQ-C30 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19008",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Subjective Significance Questionnaire ( SSQ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19009",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"physical functioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
620,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19010",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"emotional functioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19011",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social functioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
667,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19012",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"overall/global quality of life ( QOL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
692,
730
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19013",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"seven-category SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
747,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19014",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19015",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1120,
1124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19016",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"appetite"
],
"offsets": [
[
1127,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19017",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diarrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19018",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"global QOL scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1153,
1170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19019",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"global QOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
1153,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19020",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"SSQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19021",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"QLQ-C30 change scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1280,
1301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19022",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"QOL scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19023",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"men with localized prostate cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19024",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"101"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19025 | 15474171 | [
{
"id": "19026",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Time intervals production in tapping and oscillatory motion . We applied spectral analysis on series of time intervals produced in a synchronization-continuation experiment . In the first condition intervals were produced by finger tapping , and in the second by an oscillatory motion of the hand . Results obtained in tapping were consistent with a discrete , event-based timing model . In the oscillatory condition , the spectra suggested a continuous , dynamic timing mechanism , based on the regulation of effector stiffness . It is concluded that the oscillatory character of movement can offer an important resource for timing control . The use of an event-based timing control such as postulated in the Wing-Kristoffersson model could be restricted to a quite limited class of rhythmic tasks , characterized by the concatenation of discrete events ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
856
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19027",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"spectral analysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19028",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tapping"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19029",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oscillatory motion"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19030",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"finger tapping"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19031",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oscillatory motion of the hand"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19032",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tapping"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19033",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oscillatory condition"
],
"offsets": [
[
395,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19034",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oscillatory character"
],
"offsets": [
[
556,
577
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19035 | 15476575 | [
{
"id": "19036",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Neridronate prevents bone loss in patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer . UNLABELLED Today , androgen deprivation therapy is a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer , although it presents important complications such as osteoporosis . Neridronate , a relatively new bisphosphonate , is able to prevent bone loss in patients with prostate cancer during androgen ablation . INTRODUCTION Androgen-deprivation therapy ( ADT ) is a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer . This therapy has iatrogenic complications , such as osteoporosis . The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of neridronate , a relatively new bisphosphonate , to prevent bone loss during androgen ablation . MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight osteoporotic patients with prostate cancer , treated with 3-month depot triptorelina , were enrolled and randomly assigned to two different treatment groups : group A ( n = 24 ) was treated with a daily calcium and cholecalciferol supplement ( 500 mg of elemental calcium and 400 IU cholecalciferol ) , and group B ( n = 24 ) received in addition to the same daily calcium and cholecalciferol supplement , 25 mg of neridronate given intramuscularly every month . All patients also received bicalutamide for 4 weeks . Lumbar and femoral BMD was evaluated by DXA at baseline and after 1 year of therapy ; moreover , deoxypyridinoline ( DPD ) and bone alkaline phosphatase ( BALP ) were determined at the beginning , midway through , and at the end of the study . RESULTS After 6 and 12 months , whereas patients treated only with calcium and cholecalciferol ( group A ) showed a marked bone loss , with increased levels of DPD and BALP compared with baseline values , patients treated also with neridronate ( group B ) had substantially unchanged levels of these markers . After 1 year of treatment , lumbar and total hip BMD decreased significantly in patients treated only with calcium and cholecalciferol ( group A ) , whereas it did not change significantly at any skeletal site in patients treated also with neridronate ( group B ) . No relevant side effects were recorded during our study . CONCLUSIONS Neridronate is an effective treatment in preventing bone loss in the hip and lumbar spine in men receiving ADT for prostate cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2318
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19037",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Neridronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19038",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"androgen deprivation therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19039",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Neridronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19040",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bisphosphonate"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19041",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelina"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19042",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"daily calcium and cholecalciferol supplement"
],
"offsets": [
[
976,
1020
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19043",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"daily calcium and cholecalciferol supplement"
],
"offsets": [
[
976,
1020
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19044",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bicalutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1269,
1281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19045",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Neridronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19046",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19047",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"osteoporosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19048",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19049",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
637,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19050",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Lumbar and femoral BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1296,
1318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19051",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"deoxypyridinoline ( DPD ) and bone alkaline phosphatase ( BALP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1393,
1457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19052",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"marked bone loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1656,
1672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19053",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased levels of DPD and BALP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1680,
1712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19054",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lumbar and total hip BMD decreased significantly"
],
"offsets": [
[
1878,
1926
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19055",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"change significantly"
],
"offsets": [
[
2018,
2038
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19056",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"relevant side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
2119,
2140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19057",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19058",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19059",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19060",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19061",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19062",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty-eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19063",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19064",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24"
],
"offsets": [
[
952,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19065",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24"
],
"offsets": [
[
952,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19066",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostate cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19067 | 15477567 | [
{
"id": "19068",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors on Alzheimer disease progression ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
78
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19069",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19070",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Alzheimer disease progression ."
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19071",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19072",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Alzheimer disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19073 | 15481334 | [
{
"id": "19074",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of ibuprofen on cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase of gastric mucosa : correlation with endoscopic lesions and adverse reactions . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibuprofen on gastric mucosa and enzymes involved in gastroprotection in healthy volunteers . Twenty-four Helicobacter pylori-negative subjects were randomized to treatment with ibuprofen or ibuprofen-arginate ( each 600 mg/6 hr during 3 days ) . Endoscopies were performed 1 week before and after treatment . Biopsies were taken from the gastric antrum and corpus for determination of prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) by ELISA and cyclooxygenase ( COX-1 and COX-2 ) and nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS and iNOS ) by western blot . All subjects had at least one gastric lesion except for two individuals taking ibuprofen-arginate . Ibuprofen-arginate caused a lower rate of clinical adverse reactions than ibuprofen . Subjects with gastric lesions or adverse reactions had lower PGE2 levels . COX-1 , COX-2 , eNOS , and iNOS were detectable in all subjects . The constitutive enzymes ( COX-1 and eNOS ) did not change after treatment . COX-2 was higher in corpus than antrum and it increased after ibuprofen treatment . iNOS tended to increase mildly in the corpus in subjects with adverse reactions or endoscopic lesions . There were no significant differences between ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginate in PGE2 , or enzymes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1410
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19075",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19076",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19077",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19078",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen-arginate"
],
"offsets": [
[
386,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19079",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Endoscopies"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19080",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ELISA"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19081",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase of gastric mucosa :"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19082",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endoscopic lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19083",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19084",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastric mucosa and enzymes involved in gastroprotection"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19085",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical adverse reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
859,
885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19086",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastric lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19087",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"COX-1 , COX-2 , eNOS , and iNOS"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
1009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19088",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19089",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-four"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19090",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori-negative"
],
"offsets": [
[
301,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19091 | 15482080 | [
{
"id": "19092",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Transitions during effective treatment for cocaine-abusing homeless persons : establishing abstinence , lapse , and relapse , and reestablishing abstinence . Data are reported on drug use among cocaine-dependent homeless persons who participated in a clinical trial that compared day treatment only ( DT , n = 69 ) with day treatment plus abstinent-contingent housing and work ( DT+ , n = 72 ) . Drug use was measured with multiple weekly urine toxicologies . Compared with DT participants , more DT+ participants established abstinence , maintained abstinence for longer durations , were marginally significantly more likely to lapse , and significantly less likely to relapse . Of all participants who established abstinence and then relapsed , DT+ participants relapsed later and were more likely to reestablish abstinence . These analyses yield information on the processes involved in the manner in which drug use changes as a result of abstinent-contingent housing and work ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
981
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19093",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"day treatment only"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19094",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"day treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19095",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"abstinent-contingent housing and work"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19096",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"abstinence"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19097",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"abstinent-contingent housing and work"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19098",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Drug use was measured with multiple weekly urine toxicologies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19099",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"abstinence , maintained abstinence for longer durations"
],
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[
526,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19100",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"lapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19101",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"relapse"
],
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[
116,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19102",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"reestablish abstinence"
],
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[
803,
825
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19103",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"."
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[
156,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19104",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cocaine-abusing"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19105",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cocaine-dependent"
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[
194,
211
]
],
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"id": "19106",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"69"
],
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[
310,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19107",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"72 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
389,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19108 | 1548248 | [
{
"id": "19109",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A double-blind , placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in autism . BACKGROUND Autistic individuals often exhibit hyperarousal behaviors ( e.g. , stereotyped body movements , self-stimulation , hypervigilance , and hyperactivity ) . Clonidine , an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist , has been shown to be effective in reducing impulsivity , inattention , and hyperactivity associated with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity . This study investigated the efficacy and safety of transdermal clonidine in reducing hyperarousal behaviors associated with autism . METHOD A double-blind , placebo-crossover study with transdermal clonidine was performed in nine autistic males ( aged 5 to 33 years ) . Subjects received either clonidine ( approximately 0.005 mg/kg/day ) or placebo by a weekly transdermal patch . Each trial lasted 4 weeks with a 2-week washout period between treatment phases . Subjects were evaluated every 2 weeks by clinician raters and weekly by parents . RESULTS The clonidine treatment showed a significant difference from placebo treatment on three subscales of the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale ( i.e. , social relationship to people , affectual responses , and sensory responses ) . The Clinical Global Impressions scale indicated that clonidine produced a significant improvement on severity of illness , global improvement , and efficacy index for therapeutic effect of the drug . A patient global rating scale showed clonidine treatment resulted in significant improvement in comparison with placebo . Adverse effects included sedation and fatigue during the first 2 weeks of clonidine treatment . CONCLUSION Results from this preliminary study show that clonidine was effective in reducing several hyperarousal behaviors and improved social relationships in some autistic subjects . Further studies are needed in a larger autistic population to determine the dose-response relationship of clonidine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1972
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19110",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
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[
17,
35
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19111",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"transdermal clonidine"
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[
61,
82
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19112",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Clonidine"
],
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[
260,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19113",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19114",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-crossover"
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[
623,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19115",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
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73,
82
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19116",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
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"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19117",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
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[
17,
24
]
],
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{
"id": "19118",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
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[
73,
82
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],
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},
{
"id": "19119",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
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"placebo"
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17,
24
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{
"id": "19120",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
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[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19121",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
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[
73,
82
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19122",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo ."
],
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1563,
1572
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],
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{
"id": "19123",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
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[
73,
82
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19124",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"clonidine"
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[
73,
82
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19125",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine ."
],
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[
1961,
1972
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19126",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
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[
494,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19127",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale ( i.e."
],
"offsets": [
[
1125,
1168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19128",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social relationship to people"
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[
1171,
1200
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19129",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"affectual responses"
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[
1203,
1222
]
],
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{
"id": "19130",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"Clinical Global Impressions scale"
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[
1255,
1288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19131",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severity of illness"
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[
1352,
1371
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19132",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"global improvement"
],
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[
1374,
1392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19133",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
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"efficacy index"
],
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[
1399,
1413
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19134",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient global rating scale"
],
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[
1453,
1480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19135",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse effects included sedation and fatigue"
],
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[
1573,
1618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19136",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
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"several hyperarousal behaviors"
],
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1762,
1792
]
],
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{
"id": "19137",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social relationships"
],
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[
1806,
1826
]
],
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},
{
"id": "19138",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
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[
86,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19139",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Autistic"
],
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[
106,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19140",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperarousal behaviors"
],
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[
141,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19141",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperarousal"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19142",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19143",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
691,
695
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19144",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19145",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19146",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19147 | 15482502 | [
{
"id": "19148",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A new social communication intervention for children with autism : pilot randomised controlled treatment study suggesting effectiveness . BACKGROUND Psychosocial treatments are the mainstay of management of autism in the UK but there is a notable lack of a systematic evidence base for their effectiveness . Randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) studies in this area have been rare but are essential because of the developmental heterogeneity of the disorder . We aimed to test a new theoretically based social communication intervention targeting parental communication in a randomised design against routine care alone . METHODS The intervention was given in addition to existing care and involved regular monthly therapist contact for 6 months with a further 6 months of 2-monthly consolidation sessions . It aimed to educate parents and train them in adapted communication tailored to their child 's individual competencies . Twenty-eight children with autism were randomised between this treatment and routine care alone , stratified for age and baseline severity . Outcome was measured at 12 months from commencement of intervention , using standardised instruments . RESULTS All cases studied met full Autism Diagnostic Interview ( ADI ) criteria for classical autism . Treatment and controls had similar routine care during the study period and there were no study dropouts after treatment had started . The active treatment group showed significant improvement compared with controls on the primary outcome measure -- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ( ADOS ) total score , particularly in reciprocal social interaction -- and on secondary measures of expressive language , communicative initiation and parent-child interaction . Suggestive but non-significant results were found in Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales ( Communication Sub-domain ) and ADOS stereotyped and restricted behaviour domain . CONCLUSIONS A Randomised Treatment Trial design of this kind in classical autism is feasible and acceptable to patients . This pilot study suggests significant additional treatment benefits following a targeted ( but relatively non-intensive ) dyadic social communication treatment , when compared with routine care . The study needs replication on larger and independent samples . It should encourage further RCT designs in this area ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2351
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19149",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"social communication intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
6,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19150",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"social communication intervention targeting parental communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19151",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"routine care alone ."
],
"offsets": [
[
600,
620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19152",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19153",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"existing care"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19154",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"regular monthly therapist contact"
],
"offsets": [
[
698,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19155",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19156",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"routine care alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
600,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19157",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"measure -- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ( ADOS ) total score , particularly in reciprocal social interaction -- and"
],
"offsets": [
[
1514,
1639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19158",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"expressive language , communicative initiation and parent-child interaction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1665,
1742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19159",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales ( Communication Sub-domain ) and ADOS stereotyped and restricted behaviour domain ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1796,
1914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19160",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children with autism :"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19161 | 15486373 | [
{
"id": "19162",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Skin manifestations of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD patients : results from Lung Health Study II . OBJECTIVE To define the relationship between skin bruising ( as well as other cutaneous manifestations ) and inhaled corticosteroid ( ICS ) therapy vs placebo in subjects with COPD who were participating in a clinical trial . To explore the relationship between easy skin bruising and other systemic effects of ICS therapy , including adrenal suppression and loss of bone mineral density ( BMD ) . DESIGN Double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial of triamcinolone acetonide ( 1200 microg daily ) vs placebo in participants with mild-to-moderate COPD . SETTING Lung Health Study II , a clinical trial to assess the effect of ICS compared to placebo in 1,116 participants in 10 centers over > 3.5 to 4.5 years . PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,116 smokers or recent ex-smokers with mild-to-moderate COPD ( age range , 40 to 69 years ; mean age , 56.3 years ; 37.2 % female ) . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Every 6 months , a structured questionnaire was administered to elicit reports of any bruising and/or skin rashes , slow healing of cuts or sores , or other skin changes . Compliance with inhaler use was assessed by canister weighing . A significantly higher proportion of ICS than placebo participants who complied with using their inhaler reported easy bruising ( 11.2 % vs 3.5 % , respectively ) and the slow healing of skin cuts or sores ( 2.4 % vs 0.5 % , respectively ) . Older men in the ICS group with good inhaler compliance appeared to be at the greatest risk of bruising . In those participants undergoing serial measurements of adrenal function and BMD , no association was noted between skin bruising and either the suppression of adrenal function or the loss of BMD as systemic complications of ICS use . CONCLUSION These findings indicate that moderate-to-high doses of ICSs result in an increased incidence of easy bruising and impairment in skin healing in middle-aged to elderly persons with COPD . No association was noted between skin bruising and other markers of systemic toxicity from the use of ICSs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2141
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19163",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19164",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corticosteroid ( ICS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19165",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triamcinolone acetonide"
],
"offsets": [
[
572,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19166",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19167",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ICS"
],
"offsets": [
[
236,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19168",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ICS"
],
"offsets": [
[
236,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19169",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ICS"
],
"offsets": [
[
236,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19170",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Skin manifestations of inhaled corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19171",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"skin bruising"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19172",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"cutaneous manifestations"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19173",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adrenal suppression"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19174",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19175",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"loss of bone mineral density ( BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19176",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"bruising and/or skin rashes , slow healing of cuts or sores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1102,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19177",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"skin changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1173,
1185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19178",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"easy bruising"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19179",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"slow healing of skin cuts or sores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1423,
1457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19180",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"risk of bruising"
],
"offsets": [
[
1581,
1597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19181",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"skin bruising"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19182",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"suppression of adrenal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1745,
1776
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19183",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"loss of BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1784,
1795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19184",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"easy bruising"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19185",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"impairment in skin healing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1960,
1986
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19186",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"skin bruising"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19187",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"systemic toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
2101,
2118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19188",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD patients :"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19189",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subjects with COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
264,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19190 | 15490072 | [
{
"id": "19191",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Long-term effects of 7-year growth hormone substitution on bone metabolism , bone density , and bone quality in growth hormone-deficient adults ] . BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subnormal bone mineral density ( BMD ) and increased fracture risk are described in patients with growth hormone deficiency ( GHD ) . Growth hormone ( GH ) has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone in GHD . The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of GH replacement therapy on bone metabolism , BMD , and bone quality in patients with GHD . PATIENTS AND METHODS 20 adult patients with GHD ( eleven male , nine female , mean age 42.5 years ) were included in the study and randomized to either GH or placebo in a dose of 0.25 U/kg body weight/week . After 6 months all patients received GH . After a 1-year double-blind , placebo-controlled study the patients were followed for another 72 months in an open study . The patients were compared to 20 age- und sex-matched healthy controls . Bone turnover was determined by ICTP ( type I collagen carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide ) as parameter of bone resorption and PICP ( carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen ) as marker of bone formation . BMD was measured at the lumbar spine by dual-photon absorptiometry ( DPA ) and at the forearm by single-photon absorptiometry ( SPA ) . Apparent phalangeal ultrasound transmission velocity ( APU ) was assessed as parameter of bone quality independent of BMD . RESULTS At the beginning of the study BMD at both measuring sites was lower in patients with GHD than in healthy controls . During the 1st year of GH replacement therapy BMD decreased , followed by a continuous increase in BMD ( about 12 % ) up to 60 months which remained unchanged thereafter , building up a plateau . After 72 months no significant difference between the patients and the healthy controls could be detected . Concerning parameters of bone turnover , first ICTP as marker of bone resorption showed a significant increase , later on the marker of bone formation increased as well . APU decreased during the first 6 months of treatment , but had returned to its baseline value after 24 months and remained unchanged throughout the rest of the study . CONCLUSION BMD is subnormal in adults with GHD . GH replacement therapy stimulates bone turnover in patients with GHD and in the long term such stimulation results in an increased BMD . Thereby , GH shows a triphasic action on BMD : an initial decrease in BMD during the 1st year , followed by a continuous increase in BMD with buildup of a stable plateau after 60 months . The newly formed bone seems to have normal bone elasticity ."
],
"offsets": [
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0,
2676
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}
] | [
{
"id": "19192",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"growth hormone substitution"
],
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[
30,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19193",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Growth hormone ( GH )"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19194",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH replacement therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
457,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19195",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19196",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
705,
712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19197",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19198",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19199",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19200",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19201",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bone metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19202",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bone density"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19203",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bone quality"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19204",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Subnormal bone mineral density ( BMD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19205",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased fracture risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19206",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effects on bone"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19207",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19208",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19209",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone quality"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19210",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Bone turnover"
],
"offsets": [
[
993,
1006
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19211",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19212",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Apparent phalangeal ultrasound transmission velocity ( APU )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1351,
1411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19213",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19214",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19215",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19216",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone turnover"
],
"offsets": [
[
1928,
1941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19217",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"first ICTP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1944,
1954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19218",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bone resorption"
],
"offsets": [
[
1107,
1122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19219",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"marker of bone formation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1188,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19220",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"APU"
],
"offsets": [
[
1406,
1409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19221",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19222",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone turnover"
],
"offsets": [
[
1928,
1941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19223",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19224",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19225",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19226",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19227",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"normal bone elasticity"
],
"offsets": [
[
2652,
2674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19228",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"growth hormone-deficient"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19229",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19230",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"growth hormone deficiency ( GHD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19231",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"GHD"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19232",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19233",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19234",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"GHD"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19235",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"eleven"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19236",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19237",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"42.5 years )"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19238 | 15491374 | [
{
"id": "19239",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of bifidobacterium breve supplementation on intestinal flora of low birth weight infants . BACKGROUND It is known that the bifidobacteria flora play important roles in mucosal host defense and can prevent infectious diseases . Because bacterial populations develop during the first day of life , the authors examined whether the early administration of bifidobacteria has a positive effect on the health of low birth weight infants . METHODS The effects of oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve ( B. breve ) supplements were studied in a controlled trial with low birth weight infants ( average birth weight 1489 g ) . The infants were divided into three groups : Group A and B received a dose of 1.6 x 10 ( 8 ) cells of B. breve supplement twice a day , commencing either from several hours after birth ( group A ) or 24 h after birth ( group B ) . Group C , the control group , received no supplement . RESULTS There were no significant differences in birth weight , treatment with antibiotics , and the starting time of breast-feeding among the three groups . A Bifidobacterium-predominant flora was formed at an average of 2 weeks after birth in group A and at an average of 4 weeks after birth in group B , while no Bifidobacterium was isolated in eight out of 10 infants in group C during the observation period of 7 weeks . In comparison between group A and B , Bifidobacterium was detected significantly earlier in group A , and the number of Enterobacteriaceae present in the infants at 2 weeks after birth was significantly lower in group A . CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that very early administration of B. breve to low birth weight infants is useful in promoting the colonization of the Bifidobacterium and the formation of a normal intestinal flora ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1802
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19240",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bifidobacterium breve"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19241",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Bifidobacterium breve ( B. breve ) supplements"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19242",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"cells of"
],
"offsets": [
[
727,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19243",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"B."
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19244",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"breve supplement"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19245",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
553,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19246",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no supplement"
],
"offsets": [
[
904,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19247",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effect on the health"
],
"offsets": [
[
391,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19248",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"birth weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19249",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"treatment with antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
984,
1010
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19250",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"starting time of breast-feeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1021,
1052
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19251",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Bifidobacterium-predominant flora"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19252",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Bifidobacterium"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19253",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Bifidobacterium"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19254",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low birth weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19255",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19256 | 15492353 | [
{
"id": "19257",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders . OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in children with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ) . METHODS In this 8-week , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , risperidone/placebo solution ( 0.01-0.06 mg/kg/day ) was administered to 79 children who were aged 5 to 12 years and had PDD . Behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC ) , Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form , and Clinical Global Impression-Change . Safety assessments included vital signs , electrocardiogram , extrapyramidal symptoms , adverse events , and laboratory tests . RESULTS Subjects who were taking risperidone ( mean dosage : 0.04 mg/kg/day ; 1.17 mg/day ) experienced a significantly greater mean decrease on the irritability subscale of the ABC ( primary endpoint ) compared with those who were taking placebo . By study endpoint , risperidone-treated subjects exhibited a 64 % improvement over baseline in the irritability score almost double that of placebo-treated subjects ( 31 % ) . Risperidone-treated subjects also exhibited significantly greater decreases on the other 4 subscales of the ABC ; on the conduct problem , insecure/anxious , hyperactive , and overly sensitive subscales of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form ( parent version ) ; and on the Visual Analog Scale of the most troublesome symptom . More risperidone-treated subjects ( 87 % ) showed global improvement in their condition compared with the placebo group ( 40 % ) . Somnolence , the most frequently reported adverse event , was noted in 72.5 % versus 7.7 % of subjects ( risperidone vs placebo ) and seemed manageable with dose/dose-schedule modification . Risperidone-treated subjects experienced statistically significantly greater increases in weight ( 2.7 vs 1.0 kg ) , pulse rate , and systolic blood pressure . Extrapyramidal symptoms scores were comparable between groups . CONCLUSIONS Risperidone was well tolerated and efficacious in treating behavioral symptoms associated with PDD in children ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2251
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19258",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19259",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19260",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone/placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19261",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19262",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1093,
1112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19263",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1213,
1228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19264",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19265",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1093,
1112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19266",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19267",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19268",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19269",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19270",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19271",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
580,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19272",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mean decrease on the irritability subscale of the ABC"
],
"offsets": [
[
952,
1005
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19273",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"irritability score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1172,
1190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19274",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"4 subscales of the ABC"
],
"offsets": [
[
1338,
1360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19275",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"conduct problem , insecure/anxious , hyperactive , and overly sensitive subscales of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form ( parent version )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1370,
1513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19276",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1712,
1722
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19277",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
1993,
1999
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19278",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulse rate , and systolic blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
2020,
2060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19279",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19280",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19281",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism and other pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19282",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"79"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19283",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19284",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 5 to 12 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19285",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PDD"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19286 | 15492789 | [
{
"id": "19287",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Single nucleotide polymorphism in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha gene in colorectal carcinoma . Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in the world , and its incidence has increased in recent years . We have reported that expression of hypoxia-inducible factor ( HIF ) -1alpha correlates with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , tumor stage , lymphatic invasion , venous invasion , and liver metastasis . It has also been reported that a single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in exon 12 of HIF-1alpha gene is present in renal cell carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients . We investigated the C1772T polymorphism in colorectal cancer patients and healthy control subjects to clarify the mechanism of HIF-1alpha activation in colorectal carcinoma . The exon 12 genotype was not associated with sex or age . The distribution of HIF-1alpha genotypes in controls was 89 C/C ( 89 % ) , 11 C/T ( 11 % ) , and 0 T/T ( 0 % ) . The distribution of HIF-1alpha genotypes in colorectal cancer patients was 100 C/C ( 100 % ) , 0 C/T ( 0 % ) , and 0 T/T ( 0 % ) . The difference in genotype distribution between patients and control subjects was significant ( p < 0.0005 ) . These results suggest that the C1772T polymorphism in HIF-1alpha is not involved in progression or metastasis of colorectal carcinoma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1368
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Single nucleotide polymorphism"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C1772T polymorphism"
],
"offsets": [
[
665,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19291",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"HIF-1alpha activation"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19292",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
727,
734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19293",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"C1772T"
],
"offsets": [
[
665,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19294",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HIF-1alpha genotypes"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19295",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HIF-1alpha genotypes"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19296",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C1772T polymorphism"
],
"offsets": [
[
665,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19297",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Colorectal carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19298",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"colorectal cancer patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19299",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy control subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
719,
743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19300",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"colorectal cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
705
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19301 | 15492949 | [
{
"id": "19302",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of gemfibrozil on change in renal function in men with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and coronary disease . BACKGROUND Limited data suggest that low levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and high levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may be associated with more rapid rates of kidney function loss in individuals with chronic renal insufficiency ( CRI ) . Although fibric acid derivatives increase serum HDL-C levels and decrease triglyceride levels , their effects on renal function are largely unknown . We conducted this study to determine whether gemfibrozil reduced rates of renal function loss in people with moderate CRI . METHODS This was a post hoc subgroup analysis in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial , a randomized double-blind trial of gemfibrozil versus placebo in 2,531 men with coronary disease , HDL-C levels of 40 mg/dL or less ( < or =1.0 mmol/L ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 140 mg/dL or less ( < or =3.6 mmol/L ) , and a range of triglyceride values . Moderate CRI is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) of 30 to 59.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline . Multivariate regression was used to calculate rates of decline in estimated GFR for individuals administered gemfibrozil or placebo , controlling for prospectively determined potential confounders . RESULTS Change in renal function could be calculated in 1,981 individuals , of whom 399 individuals ( 20.2 % ) were eligible for inclusion . Among 399 study subjects , the rate of change in renal function in the gemfibrozil group during a median of 61 months was not significantly different from that in the placebo group ( 0.49 mL/min/1.73 m2/y faster ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.09 slower to 1.09 faster ; P = 0.10 ) . No clinically relevant effect of gemfibrozil on renal function was observed in groups defined by baseline lipid levels , kidney function , diabetic status , or other components of the metabolic syndrome . The incidence of transient ( 10 % versus 4 % ; P = 0.01 ) , but not sustained ( 9 % versus 4 % ; P = 0.07 ) , increases in serum creatinine levels of 0.5 mg/dL or greater ( > or =44 micromol/L ) was significantly greater in the gemfibrozil group . However , in 5 subjects with acute increases in serum creatinine levels , serum creatine kinase levels were significantly elevated as well , suggesting that myocyte toxicity may have been responsible . Even when these individuals were excluded , no clinically significant effect of gemfibrozil on kidney function was observed . CONCLUSION Gemfibrozil does not appear to exert a clinically relevant effect on rates of kidney function loss in individuals with moderate CRI , low HDL-C levels , and concomitant coronary disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2784
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19303",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19304",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19305",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19306",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19307",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19308",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19309",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19310",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19311",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19312",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19313",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19314",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
2597,
2608
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19315",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"renal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19316",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of change in renal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1553,
1585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19317",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"renal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19318",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"baseline lipid levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1902,
1923
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19319",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"kidney function"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19320",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diabetic status"
],
"offsets": [
[
1944,
1959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19321",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"components of the metabolic syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
1971,
2007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19322",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum creatinine levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
2133,
2156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19323",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum creatinine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2133,
2149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19324",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum creatine kinase levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
2332,
2360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19325",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"kidney function"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19326",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"kidney function"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19327",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19328",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate chronic renal insufficiency"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19329",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19330",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic renal insufficiency ( CRI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19331",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate CRI"
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
669
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19332",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"2,531"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19333",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19334",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19335",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low-density lipoprotein cholesterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
978
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19336",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1,981"
],
"offsets": [
[
1437,
1442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19337",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"399"
],
"offsets": [
[
1465,
1468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19338",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"399"
],
"offsets": [
[
1465,
1468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19339",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate CRI"
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
669
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19340",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low HDL-C levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
2731,
2747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19341",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19342 | 15506067 | [
{
"id": "19343",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Rilmenidine sympatholytic activity preserves mental and orthostatic sympathetic response and epinephrine secretion ] . BACKGROUND Heightened central sympathetic nervous outflow is common in essential hypertension , contributing to hypertension development and perhaps also to complications . Acute sympathetic nervous activation is a proven trigger for adverse cardiovascular events . Accordingly , antihypertensive drugs inhibiting sympathetic outflow represent a theoretically attractive therapeutic option . OBJECTIVES To study the sympatholytic and blood pressure lowering activity of the imidazoline binding agent rilmenidine at rest and during reflex sympathetic activation . DESIGN AND METHODS The HERA study ( Hyperium Effect on the sympathetic Reflex activation and Adrenaline ) is a randomised , double-blind , 6-week cross-over trial , with a 1-week placebo run-in period , two 2-week active treatment intervals ( rilmenidine 1 mg bid , placebo ) and intervening one week placebo wash-out . In 15 hypertensive patients , noradrenaline and adrenaline plasma kinetics and intra-arterial blood pressure measurements were performed at rest , after mental stress ( difficult mental arithmetic ) and during head-up tilting , at the end of the 2-week dosing periods . RESULTS The noradrenaline spillover rate , indicative of whole body sympathetic activity , was reduced 35 % by rilmenidine at rest ( p < 0.01 ) and remained significantly lower during mental stress and tilting , although the increases in noradrenaline spillover with both stimuli were preserved . The effects on intraarterial blood pressure ran in parallel , a fall in supine resting pressure , but no reduction in BP rise during mental stress and a lack of fall in BP with tilting . On placebo , adrenaline secretion was 162 +/- 27 ng/min ( mean , SE ) at rest , increased by 77 +/- 42 ng/min with mental stress ( p=0.019 ) and was unchanged with tilting . Rilmenidine left adrenaline secretion untouched under all conditions . CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a sympatholytic effect of rilmenidine during supine rest but demonstrates that sympathetic responses during mental stress and tilting are preserved , the latter underlying a perhaps surprising absence of postural hypotension on the drug . The absence of suppression of reflexive sympathetic responses contrasts with the effects of rilmenidine in experimental animals , and emphasises the previously demonstrated unique importance in humans of suprabulbar noradrenergic neuronal projections from the brainstem , which are inhibited by imidazoline binding agents , in regulating tonic sympathetic activity in essential hypertension . Sympathetic nervous inhibition with rilmenidine contrasted with an absence of suppression of the secretion of adrenaline affirming that here , as elsewhere , sympathetic nervous and adrenal medullary function can be disconnected ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2897
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19344",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Rilmenidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19345",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rilmenidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19346",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19347",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rilmenidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19348",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19349",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19350",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mental and orthostatic sympathetic response"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19351",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"epinephrine secretion ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19352",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse cardiovascular events"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
384
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19353",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sympatholytic and blood pressure lowering activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
537,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19354",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"noradrenaline and adrenaline plasma kinetics and intra-arterial blood pressure measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1034,
1125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19355",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"noradrenaline spillover"
],
"offsets": [
[
1286,
1309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19356",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraarterial blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1586,
1614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19357",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP rise"
],
"offsets": [
[
1689,
1696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19358",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1689,
1691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19359",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adrenaline secretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1771,
1791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19360",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adrenaline secretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1771,
1791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19361",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sympathetic responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
2114,
2135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19362",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tonic sympathetic activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
2612,
2638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19363",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sympathetic nervous"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19364",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and adrenal medullary function"
],
"offsets": [
[
2845,
2875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19365",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"15"
],
"offsets": [
[
1007,
1009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19366",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensive patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1010,
1031
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19367 | 15509022 | [
{
"id": "19368",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Total anthelmintic failure to control nematode parasites of small ruminants on government breeding farms in Sabah , East Malaysia . Government-owned small-ruminant breeding farms in Malaysia provide the source of sheep and goats to smallholder farmers in the country . In the eastern Malaysian state of Sabah , high-level stock losses have been recorded on these farms for several years , frequently accompanied by clinical signs indicating pathogenic levels of infections with the nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus . This suggests that their dependence on chemotherapy to control parasite infections had failed . Accordingly , tests for anthelmintic efficacy using the faecal egg count reduction test ( FECRT ) on the range of drugs used to control nematode parasites were carried out on the five government small-ruminant breeding farms in Sabah . These tests showed a total failure of the benzimidazole , imidothiazole , macrocyclic lactone and salicylanilide groups of anthelmintics to control H. contortus infections of sheep and goats on all farms . Drastic changes in animal management need to be made in an attempt to deal with this situation , for which suggestions are made ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1190
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19369",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"faecal egg count reduction test"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19370",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"benzimidazole , imidothiazole , macrocyclic lactone"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19371",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salicylanilide"
],
"offsets": [
[
953,
967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19372",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"anthelmintic efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19373",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"faecal egg count reduction test ( FECRT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19374",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"failure of the benzimidazole , imidothiazole , macrocyclic lactone and salicylanilide groups of anthelmintics"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
991
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19375",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"H. contortus infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
1003,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19376",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nematode parasites"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19377",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19378 | 15509083 | [
{
"id": "19379",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Sustained oral health improvement and use of toothbrushes and dentifrice by previous users of traditional materials in a rural population in Andhra Pradesh , India . AIM To follow-up , one year later , a double-blind , randomised study , which investigated the effect of regular brushing with dentifrices on the oral health of an economically disadvantaged rural population in Andhra Pradesh , India who were primarily users of traditional materials . SUBJECTS 150 of the original study population . METHOD Examination to determine whether the improvements in oral health status and oral health behaviour ( use of toothbrush and dentifrice ) , being unsupported , had been sustained since completion of the original study . RESULTS Data analysis showed sustained , statistically significant improvements in gingival health as measured by gingival bleeding and plaque indices ( GBI and PI ) comparing users and non-users of toothbrushes and dentifrice in the original study ( PI : p = 0.04 ; GBI : p = 0.03 ) and sustained use of toothbrushes and dentifrice by 60 % of the subjects at follow-up one year later . CONCLUSIONS This study shows a beneficial effect on oral hygiene indices following the introduction of toothbrushes and dentifrices to a community using traditional oral hygiene materials and sustainability of use of these materials with motivation and support . It may therefore be concluded that it is feasible to achieve significant use of conventional toothbrushes and toothpastes , with consequent major and sustained improvements in plaque control and gingival health in a disadvantaged population hitherto often considered as not amenable to conventional oral hygiene for cultural or economic reasons ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1720
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19380",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"toothbrushes and dentifrice"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19381",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"regular brushing with dentifrices"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19382",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"toothbrush and dentifrice"
],
"offsets": [
[
614,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19383",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"introduction of toothbrushes and dentifrices"
],
"offsets": [
[
1198,
1242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19384",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oral health improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19385",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19386",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improvements in oral health status and oral health behaviour"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19387",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gingival health as measured by gingival bleeding and plaque indices ( GBI and PI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19388",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sustained use of toothbrushes and dentifrice"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19389",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"beneficial effect on oral hygiene"
],
"offsets": [
[
1142,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19390",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oral health improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19391",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oral health"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19392",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"150"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
464
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19393 | 15523323 | [
{
"id": "19394",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism on neurohormonal responses to high- versus low-dose enalapril in advanced heart failure . BACKGROUND The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene polymorphism on neurohormonal dose response to ACE inhibitor therapy is unclear . METHODS ACE Insertion ( I ) or Deletion ( D ) genotype was determined in 74 patients with chronic heart failure who were randomly assigned to receive either high-dose or low-dose enalapril over a period of 6 months . Monthly pre-enalapril and post-enalapril neurohormone levels ( serum ACE activity ( sACE ) , plasma angiotensin II ( A-II ) , plasma renin activity ( PRA ) , and serum aldosterone ( ALDO ) were compared between genotype subgroups and between patients who received high- or low-dose enalapril within each genotype subgroup . RESULTS At baseline , predose/postdose sACE and postdose PRA were significantly higher in the DD genotype . At 6-month follow-up , postdose sACE was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in all three genotypes ( P < .05 ) . However , predose and postdose ALDO and A-II levels did not differ between each genotype subgroup at baseline or by enalapril dose within each genotype subgroup . ALDO escape and A-II reactivation were not affected by ACE genotype or enalapril dosage . CONCLUSIONS Predose sACE were consistently higher in the DD genotype when compared with ID or II subgroups . Despite a dose-dependent suppression of sACE , there were no observed statistically significant differences in ALDO and A-II suppression or escape with escalating doses of enalapril within each subgroup ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1627
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19395",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ACE"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19396",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"either high-dose or low-dose enalapril over a period of 6 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19397",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
110,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19398",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neurohormonal responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19399",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pre-enalapril and post-enalapril neurohormone levels ( serum ACE activity ( sACE )"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
605
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19400",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma angiotensin II ( A-II ) , plasma renin activity ( PRA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
608,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19401",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum aldosterone ( ALDO"
],
"offsets": [
[
677,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19402",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"predose/postdose sACE and postdose PRA"
],
"offsets": [
[
861,
899
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19403",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postdose sACE"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
882
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19404",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"predose and postdose ALDO"
],
"offsets": [
[
1071,
1096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19405",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"A-II levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1101,
1112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19406",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ALDO escape"
],
"offsets": [
[
1224,
1235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19407",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"A-II reactivation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1240,
1257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Predose sACE"
],
"offsets": [
[
1326,
1338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"suppression of sACE"
],
"offsets": [
[
1448,
1467
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19410",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ALDO"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19411",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"A-II suppression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1543,
1559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19412",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced heart failure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19413",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"74 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19414",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19415 | 15523393 | [
{
"id": "19416",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized multicenter trial comparing resection and radiochemotherapy for resectable locally invasive pancreatic cancer . BACKGROUND Though the outcome of resection for locally invasive pancreatic cancer is still poor , it has gradually improved in Japan , and the 5-year survival is now about 10 % . However , the advantage of resection over radiochemotherapy has not yet been confirmed by a randomized trial . We conducted this study to compare surgical resection alone versus radiochemotherapy without resection for locally invasive pancreatic cancer using a multicenter randomized design . METHODS Patients with pancreatic cancer who met our preoperative criteria for inclusion ( pancreatic cancer invading the pancreatic capsule without involvement of the superior mesenteric artery or the common hepatic artery , or without distant metastasis ) underwent laparotomy . Patients with operative findings consistent with our criteria were randomized into a radical resection group and a radiochemotherapy group ( 200 mg/m ( 2 ) /day of intravenous 5-fluorouracil and 5040 cGy of radiotherapy ) without resection . The 2 groups were compared for mean survival , hazard ratio , 1-year survival , quality of life scores , and hematologic and blood chemical data . RESULTS Twenty patients were assigned to the resection group and 22 to the radiochemotherapy group . There was 1 operative death . The surgical resection group had better results than the radiochemotherapy group as measured by 1-year survival ( 62 % vs 32 % , P=.05 ) , mean survival time ( > 17 vs 11 months , P < .03 ) , and hazard ratio ( 0.46 , P=.04 ) . There were no differences in the quality of life score or laboratory data apart from increased diarrhea after surgical resection . CONCLUSIONS Locally invasive pancreatic cancer without distant metastases and major arterial invasion appears to be best treated by surgical resection ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1908
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19417",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"resection and radiochemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19418",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"resection"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19419",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiochemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19420",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgical resection"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19421",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiochemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19422",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radical resection group"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
985
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19423",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiochemotherapy group"
],
"offsets": [
[
992,
1015
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19424",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intravenous 5-fluorouracil and 5040 cGy of radiotherapy )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1041,
1098
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19425",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiochemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19426",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"5-year survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19427",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mean survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1150,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19428",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19429",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hazard ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
1166,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19430",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19431",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"1-year survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19432",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality of life scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1199,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19433",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
", and hematologic and blood chemical data"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19434",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"operative death ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1379,
1396
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19435",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"1-year survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19436",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean survival time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1536,
1554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19437",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hazard ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
1166,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19438",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quality of life score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1199,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19439",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"laboratory data"
],
"offsets": [
[
1683,
1698
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19440",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"diarrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1720,
1728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19441",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"resectable locally invasive pancreatic cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19442",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19443",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty"
],
"offsets": [
[
1274,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19444 | 15528779 | [
{
"id": "19445",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Low-intensity exercise and reduction of the risk for falls among at-risk elders . BACKGROUND Among elderly persons , falls account for 87 % of all fractures and are contributing factors in many nursing home admissions . This study evaluated the effect of an easily implemented , low-intensity exercise program on the incidence of falls and the time to first fall among a clinically defined population of elderly men and women . METHODS This community-based , randomized trial compared the exercise intervention with a no-intervention control . The participants were 294 men and women , aged 60 years or older , who had either a hospital admission or bed rest for 2 days or more within the previous month . Exercise participants were scheduled to attend exercise sessions lasting 45 minutes , including warm-up and cool-down , 3 times a week for 8 weeks ( 24 sessions ) . Assessments included gait and balance measures , self-reported physical function , the number of medications being taking at baseline , participant age , sex , and history of falling . Falls were tracked for 1 year after each participant 's baseline assessment . RESULTS 29 % of the study participants reported a fall during the study period . The effect of exercise in preventing falls varied significantly by baseline physical function level ( p < or =.002 ) . The risk for falls decreased for exercise participants with low baseline physical functioning ( hazard ratio , .51 ) but increased for exercise participants with high baseline physical functioning ( hazard ratio , 3.51 ) . CONCLUSIONS This easily implemented , low-intensity exercise program appears to reduce the risk for falls among elderly men and women recovering from recent hospitalizations , bed rest , or both who have low levels of physical functioning ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1797
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19446",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Low-intensity exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19447",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"low-intensity exercise program"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19448",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19449",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no-intervention control ."
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19450",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19451",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise sessions"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19452",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19453",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"low-intensity exercise program"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19454",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk for falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19455",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19456",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19457",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time to first fall"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19458",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gait and balance measures"
],
"offsets": [
[
892,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19459",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"self-reported physical function"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19460",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of medications being taking at baseline"
],
"offsets": [
[
958,
1004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19461",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"history of falling"
],
"offsets": [
[
1035,
1053
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19462",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
1056,
1061
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19463",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fall"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19464",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"preventing falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
1241,
1257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19465",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk for falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19466",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk for falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19467",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"elderly persons"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19468",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"incidence of falls and the time to first fall among a clinically defined population of elderly men and women ."
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
427
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19469 | 15528910 | [
{
"id": "19470",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Acid resistance of enamel subsurface lesions remineralized by a sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate . The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the acid resistance of enamel lesions remineralized in situ by a sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes ( CPP-ACP : Recaldent ) . The study utilized a double-blind , randomized , crossover design with two treatments : ( i ) sugar-free gum containing 18.8 mg of CPP-ACP , and ( ii ) sugar-free gum not containing CPP-ACP as control . Subjects wore removable palatal appliances with insets of human enamel containing demineralized subsurface lesions and chewed the gum for 20 min 4 times per day for 14 days . After each treatment the enamel slabs were removed and half of each lesion challenged with acid in vitro for 8 or 16 h. The level of remineralization was determined using microradiography . The gum containing CPP-ACP produced approximately twice the level of remineralization as the control sugar-free gum . The 8- and 16-hour acid challenge of the lesions remineralized with the control gum resulted in 65.4 and 88.0 % reductions , respectively , of deposited mineral , while for the CPP-ACP-remineralized lesions the corresponding reductions were 30.5 and 41.8 % . The acid challenge after in situ remineralization for both control and CPP-ACP-treated lesions resulted in demineralization underneath the remineralized zone , indicating that the remineralized mineral was more resistant to subsequent acid challenge . The results show that sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP is superior to an equivalent gum not containing CPP-ACP in remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ with mineral that is more resistant to subsequent acid challenge ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1821
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19471",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sugar-free chewing gum"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19472",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sugar-free gum"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19473",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CPP-ACP"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19474",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"sugar-free gum not containing CPP-ACP"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19475",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gum for"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19476",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gum containing CPP-ACP"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19477",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control gum"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19478",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1608,
1641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19479",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"gum"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19480",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Acid resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19481",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acid resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19482",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"challenged with acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
862
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19483",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"in vitro"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19484",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"level of remineralization"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
916
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19485",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"microradiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
938,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19486",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"level of remineralization"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
916
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19487",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lesions remineralized"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19488",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"demineralization"
],
"offsets": [
[
1441,
1457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19489",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"more resistant"
],
"offsets": [
[
1540,
1554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19490",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"enamel subsurface lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19491",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"enamel lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19492",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subsurface lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19493 | 15530681 | [
{
"id": "19494",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination as a model to assess C-reactive protein response to mild inflammation . This study was set up to examine whether an influenza vaccine or an influenza vaccine in combination with pneumococcal vaccine can be used as a model to study responses to mild stimulation of the inflammatory system . In this study , 19 subjects received the influenza vaccine , 20 subjects the combination of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine . CRP and prothrombin fragment 1 and 2 ( F1+2 ) were measured at baseline , and two times after vaccination . Influenza vaccination increased CRP by 0.20 mg/L , and influenza in combination with pneumococcal vaccine increased CRP by 0.60 mg/L . F1+2 increased 0.15 nmol/L after the combined vaccination ; an increase in response to the influenza vaccination was not statistically significant . Our findings show that the influenza vaccine alone as well as the combination of the influenza and pneumococcal vaccine increases CRP-levels with a peak 2 days after vaccination ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1029
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19495",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vaccination"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19496",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"influenza vaccine or an influenza vaccine in combination with pneumococcal vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19497",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"influenza vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19498",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"influenza and pneumococcal vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19499",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Influenza vaccination"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19500",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pneumococcal vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
217,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19501",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"influenza vaccination"
],
"offsets": [
[
792,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19502",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"influenza vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19503",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"influenza and pneumococcal vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19504",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19505",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prothrombin fragment 1 and 2 ( F1+2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19506",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19507",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"F1+2"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19509",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"response to the influenza vaccination"
],
"offsets": [
[
776,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19510",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CRP-levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19511",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild inflammation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19512",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"19"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19513",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19514 | 1553169 | [
{
"id": "19515",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Use of Interceed ( TC7 ) absorbable adhesion barrier to reduce postoperative adhesion reformation in infertility and endometriosis surgery . The Obstetrics and Gynecology Adhesion Prevention Committee . Interceed ( TC7 ) is a fabric composed of oxidized , regenerated cellulose that was designed to reduce the formation of postsurgical adhesions . We evaluated Interceed ( TC7 ) in a randomized , multicenter clinical study . Sixty-three infertility patients had bilateral pelvic sidewall adhesions removed at laparotomy . One pelvic sidewall was covered by Interceed ( TC7 ) and the other was left uncovered . The deperitonealized areas ( N = 205 ) of all sidewalls were divided into three groups : less than 100 mm2 , N = 72 ; 100-1000 mm2 , N = 95 ; and more than 1000 mm2 , N = 38 . The effectiveness of Interceed ( TC7 ) was evaluated at laparoscopy 10-98 days after laparotomy . Significantly more adhesions were observed at laparoscopy on the control pelvic sidewalls ( 48 of 63 , 76 % ) than on the treated sides ( 26 of 63 , 41 % ) ( P less than .0001 ) . The Interceed ( TC7 ) -treated sidewalls also had significantly less area involved with adhesions at laparoscopy ( P less than .05 , P less than .001 , and P less than .001 in the three groups , respectively ) . Twenty-eight women with severe endometriosis also had significantly more adhesions on the control side ( 23 of 28 , 82 % ) than on the treated side ( 14 of 28 , 50 % ) ( P less than .05 ) . We conclude that Interceed ( TC7 ) effectively reduced the incidence and extent of postoperative adhesions , even in patients with severe endometriosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1620
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19516",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Interceed ( TC7 ) absorbable adhesion barrier"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19517",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Interceed ( TC7 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19518",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Interceed ( TC7"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19519",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
")"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19520",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Interceed ( TC7 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19521",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"other was left uncovered"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
608
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19522",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Interceed ( TC7 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19523",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"laparotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19524",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Interceed ( TC7 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19525",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Interceed ( TC7 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
7,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19526",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative adhesion reformation"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19527",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effectiveness of Interceed ( TC7 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
825
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19528",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adhesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
336,
345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19529",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"area involved with adhesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1134,
1162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19530",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adhesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
336,
345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19531",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative adhesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1550,
1573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19532",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infertility"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19533",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"endometriosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19534",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-three"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19535",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infertility"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19536 | 15533466 | [
{
"id": "19537",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Botulinum toxin a has antinociceptive effects in treating interstitial cystitis . OBJECTIVES To present clinical evidence with botulinum toxin A ( BTX-A ) suggesting an antinociceptive role in patients with interstitial cystitis ( IC ) . Intriguing evidence in a somatic pain model has suggested that BTX-A injection may have an antinociceptive effect on both acute and chronic ( inflammatory ) pain . METHODS Thirteen female patients ( 6 in the United States and 7 in Poland ) with IC according to the criteria of the National Institute of Diabetes , Digestive and Kidney Disease were included . Under short general anesthesia or sedation , 100 to 200 U of Dysport ( Polish patients ) or Botox ( U.S. patients ) was injected through a cystoscope into 20 to 30 sites submucosally in the trigone and floor of the bladder . Patients were evaluated with the O'Leary-Sant validated IC questionnaire or with voiding charts and a visual analog pain scale 1 month postoperatively and at subsequent 3-month intervals . The Polish patients also underwent pretreatment and post-treatment urodynamic evaluations . RESULTS Overall , 9 ( 69 % ) of 13 patients noted subjective improvement after BTX-A treatment . The Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index mean scores improved by 71 % and 69 % , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . Daytime frequency , nocturia , and pain by visual analog scale decreased by 44 % , 45 % , and 79 % , respectively ( P < 0.01 ) . The first desire to void and maximal cystometric capacity increased by 58 % and 57 % , respectively ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BTX-A has an antinociceptive effect on bladder afferent pathways in patients with IC , producing both symptomatic and functional ( ie , urodynamic ) improvements ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1792
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19538",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Botulinum toxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19539",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"botulinum toxin A ( BTX-A )"
],
"offsets": [
[
127,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19540",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BTX-A injection"
],
"offsets": [
[
301,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19541",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dysport"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19542",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Botox"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19543",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BTX-A"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19544",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BTX-A"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19545",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antinociceptive effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19546",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"antinociceptive role"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19547",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"O'Leary-Sant validated IC questionnaire or with voiding charts"
],
"offsets": [
[
855,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19548",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"visual analog pain scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
924,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19549",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urodynamic evaluations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1078,
1102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19550",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"subjective improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1153,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19551",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index mean scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1204,
1291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19552",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Daytime frequency , nocturia , and pain by visual analog scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1348,
1410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19553",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"first desire to void and maximal cystometric capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1481,
1534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19554",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"antinociceptive effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19555",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"interstitial cystitis ( IC ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19556",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
410,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19557",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
419,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19558",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"6"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19559",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"7"
],
"offsets": [
[
464,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19560",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"IC"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19561",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"100 to 200 U of Dysport"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19562",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Botox"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
19563 | 15534261 | [
{
"id": "19564",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Impact of antioxidants , zinc , and copper on cognition in the elderly : a randomized , controlled trial . Participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study were randomly assigned to receive daily antioxidants ( vitamin C , 500 mg ; vitamin E , 400 IU ; beta carotene , 15 mg ) , zinc and copper ( zinc , 80 mg ; cupric oxide , 2 mg ) , antioxidants plus zinc and copper , or placebo . A cognitive battery was administered to 2,166 elderly persons after a median of 6.9 years of treatment . Treatment groups did not differ on any of the six cognitive tests ( p > 0.05 for all ) . These results do not support a beneficial or harmful effect of antioxidants or zinc and copper on cognition in older adults ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
705
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "19565",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antioxidants"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19566",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zinc"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19567",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"copper"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19568",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antioxidants"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19569",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin C"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19570",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin E , 400 IU"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19571",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"beta carotene , 15 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
254,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zinc"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"copper ( zinc , 80 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19574",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cupric oxide , 2 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antioxidants plus zinc"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19576",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"copper"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19577",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19578",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antioxidants or zinc"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19579",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"copper"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19580",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"six cognitive tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
537,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19581",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"beneficial or harmful effect of antioxidants or zinc and copper"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19582",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |