abdelmo/pubmed-dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

The effect of nonresponse on prevalence estimates for a referent population: insights from a population-based cohort study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators.

not appear to introduce substantial bias into prevalence estimates for the source community.

8978880

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The Women's Health Trial Feasibility Study in Minority Populations: design and baseline descriptions.

The Women's Health Trial: Feasibility Study in Minority Populations (WHT:FSMP); a randomized trial of 2208 women; was conducted to investigate three questions. First; can women from minority and low-socioeconomic-status populations be recruited in numbers sufficient to evaluate a dietary intervention designed to lower fat intake. Second; the efficacy of a low fat; increased fruit/vegetable/ grain product intervention for reducing fat consumption. Third; will participation in the intervention lower plasma ch

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The Women's Health Trial Feasibility Study in Minority Populations: design and baseline descriptions.

olesterol and estradiol levels relative to the controls. The baseline results showed that an adequate number of minority and low SES women could be recruited to test the study hypotheses. A diverse study population of postmenopausal women consuming a high fat diet was recruited: 28% of participants were Black; 16% were Hispanic; 11% had less than a high school level of education; and 15.5% had household incomes of < $15;000.

8978881

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The HERITAGE Family Study: quality assurance and quality control.

The HERITAGE (HEalth; RIsk factors; exercise Training And GEnetics) Family Study is the first multicenter family clinical trial of its kind. Conducted by a consortium of five universities in the United States and Canada; the study has as its primary goal to document the role of the genotype in the cardiovascular; metabolic; and hormonal responses to aerobic exercise training. A comprehensive protocol was implemented at four Clinical Centers (CC) for the generation of data on sedentary subjects. This group i

8978882

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The HERITAGE Family Study: quality assurance and quality control.

ncluded 450 caucasians from 90 nuclear families (father; mother; three children) and 200 black subjects from 40 to 100 family units over a 5-year period. The entire family was tested before and after a 20-week exercise training program. The fifth participating center; the Data Coordinating Center (DCC); is responsible for data management and data analysis. A Consortium Coordinating Center (CCC) responsible for the overall coordination and direction of the study was established at the Quebec CC. Quality assu

8978882

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The HERITAGE Family Study: quality assurance and quality control.

rance and quality control are jointly coordinated by the CCC and the DCC. A multicenter study of this magnitude requires careful standardization of all procedures and constant monitoring of quality control at all levels of operation. This report describes the quality assurance and quality control measures implemented in the HERITAGE Family Study; including some examples with real data.

8978882

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A case-control study of prosthetic implants and selected chronic diseases.

We examined the association between prosthetic nonbreast implants and selected malignant neoplasms; connective tissue disorders; and neurologic diseases. We conducted a case-control study from an insurance claims database. We selected controls who had diseases for which no association with implants have been claimed or reported. Data were analyzed using both tabular and polytomous regression analysis methods; including methods to account for the large number of comparisons. All analyses exhibited positive a

8978883

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A case-control study of prosthetic implants and selected chronic diseases.

ssociations between implants (both silicone and metal) and neurologic conditions; especially idiopathic progressive neuropathy and Meniere syndrome; as well as the expected associations with arthritic conditions. There also was an unexpected negative association between metal implants and brain tumors. In conclusion; further studies of prosthetic implants and neurologic diseases appear warranted. These studies should obtain medical histories to control for possible confounding effects of drug treatments ass

8978883

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A case-control study of prosthetic implants and selected chronic diseases.

ociated with implant surgery.

8978883

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Duplication of the Ace.1 locus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes from the Caribbean.

In Culex pipiens mosquitoes; AChE1 encoded by the locus Ace.1 is the target of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. In several resistant strains homozygous for Ace.1RR; insensitive AChE1 is exclusively found. An unusual situation occurs in two Caribbean resistant strains where each mosquito; at each generation; displays a mixture of sensitive and insensitive AChE1. These mosquitoes are not heterozygotes; Ace.1RS; as preimaginal mortalities cannot account for the lethality of both homozygous classes.

8978907

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Duplication of the Ace.1 locus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes from the Caribbean.

This situation is best explained by the existence of two Ace.1 loci; coding; respectively; a sensitive and an insensitive AChE1. Thus; we suggest that in the Caribbean a duplication of the Ace.1 locus occurred before the appearance of insecticide resistance at one of the two copies.

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Genetic characterization of equine apolipoprotein A-I using isoelectric focusing.

nan

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Inheritance and linkage of aspartate aminotransferase in Anopheles stephensi.

nan

8978908

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Identification of a cDNA encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from a human heart cDNA library.

A full-length cDNA clone for human 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) was isolated from a human adult heart cDNA library. The clone encoded an open reading frame of 483 amino acids. When the amino acid sequences of human PGD and sheep PGD were aligned; 94.2% identity between these two proteins was found. Its calculated molecular weight is 53;149 daltons. The predicted isoelectric point is 6.85. When the secondary structure of human PGD was examined by the PROSIS software; 36% alpha-helix and 9% beta-she

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Identification of a cDNA encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from a human heart cDNA library.

et were found.

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Inheritance and linkage analysis of ten enzyme and blood protein loci in the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica.

In order to clarify the genetic linkage groups of the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica; and compare them with those of other vertebrates; the inheritance of 10 enzyme and blood protein loci was examined in 267 offspring derived from 18 crosses using 10 males heterozygous at these loci. Most of the segregation tests exhibited no significant deviations from the expected normal Mendelian ratios. Of 32 pairs of loci tested for linkage; 29 pairs showed independent assortment in all crosses examined. In the thre

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Inheritance and linkage analysis of ten enzyme and blood protein loci in the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica.

e other locus pairs; between ADH-1 and Alb; IDH-1 and Hb-1; and LDH-B and MPI; all offspring analyzed were parental; and there were no recombinants. These three linkage groups comprising six loci were thus established in R. japonica; whereas no linkage between the other four loci; AAT-1; ADA; GPI; and PEP-A; was observed.

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Plasma protease inhibitor (PI) system in the laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestica.

Protease inhibitor (PI) polymorphism was observed in the laboratory opossum; Monodelphis domestica; by either one-dimensional acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE; pH 4.6) or isoelectric focusing (pH 3.5-5.0) followed by immunoblotting with rabbit antiserum to human alpha 1-antitrypsin; but acid PAGE produced superior resolution of the PI proteins. Family studies demonstrated an inheritance of nine codominant autosomal alleles; PID; PIE; PIF; PIG; PIH; PII; PIJ; PIK; and PIM; and a population study

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Plasma protease inhibitor (PI) system in the laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestica.

revealed frequencies of 0.411; 0.010; 0.341; 0.034; 0.023; 0.071; 0.035; 0.020; and 0.055; respectively.

8978911

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Tapping the potential of government-industry collaboration.

nan

8978912

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Glossary of molecular biology terminology.

nan

8978913

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Editorial summary of the Pre-symposium workshop on the Contemporary Assessment of Technologies.

The following is the editor's summary of the Pre-symposium workshop on Contemporary Assessment of Technologies presented at the Symposium on Molecular Approaches to Laboratory Diagnosis at San Francisco in February 1995. This workshop was moderated by Dr Joel M. Palefsky; and Dr Michael P. Busch. We have briefly summarized the presentations by: (1) Dr Indira Hewlett of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration entitled 'Technology overview'; (2) Dr John J. Sninsky of Roc

8978914

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Editorial summary of the Pre-symposium workshop on the Contemporary Assessment of Technologies.

he Molecular Systems Inc. entitled "Polymerase Chain Reaction'; (3) Dr Terrance Walker of Becton Dickinson Research Center entitled 'Strand Displacement Amplification'; (4) Dr Mickey Urdea of Chiron Corporation entitled 'bDNA assay' and (5) Dr Robert H. Singer of University of Massachussetts Medical Center entitled 'Image analysis of in situ hybridization'. Although it was not possible to list all the references to the primary literature; we have attempted to provide the key references as far as possible.

8978914

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Probes in DNA/RNA hybridization.

nan

8978915

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Cytogenetic and molecular detection of genetic mutations in human tumours.

nan

8978916

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Molecular diagnosis of microbial infections.

nan

8978917

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Applications of molecular biology to analyses of forensic evidence.

nan

8978919

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Ligase chain reaction.

nan

8978918

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Parasitic infections--molecular diagnosis and rational drug design.

nan

8978920

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Establishment and characterization of Japanese B encephalitis virus persistent infection in the Sf9 insect cell line.

The Sf9 cell line; commonly used for gene expression by recombinant baculoviruses; can be productively infected by Japanese B encephalitis virus (JEV). Two wild-type JEV strains (P3 and SA14) caused a cytopathic effect (CPE) in the Sf9 cells; while no apparent CPE was caused by an attenuated strain (SA14-14-2). The JEV viral antigens were expressed in the infected Sf9 cells and intracellular virus particles were found by electron microscopy as a result of infection with all three strains. Titres of cell-ass

8978922

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Establishment and characterization of Japanese B encephalitis virus persistent infection in the Sf9 insect cell line.

ociated and cell-free supernatant virus remained stable for relatively long periods of cultivation; suggesting that both wild-type and attenuated JEV strains established productive and persistent infections of Sf9 cells. The JEV produced by the Sf9 cells could be neutralized by anti-JEV reference serum; but relatively smaller plaques were formed in BHK21 cells infected with JEV that had been cultivated long term in Sf9 cells. This system for virus propagation has a number of potentially important uses for e

8978922

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Establishment and characterization of Japanese B encephalitis virus persistent infection in the Sf9 insect cell line.

nhancing progress in JEV study and control.

8978922

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Monkey neurovirulence test for live mumps vaccine.

nan

8978921

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Validation of peptide mapping for protein identity and genetic stability. Biologics and biotechnology section, pharmaceutical research and manufacturers of America.

nan

8978925

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A validatible porosimetric technique for verifying the integrity of virus-retentive membranes.

The verification of membrane integrity for filtration processes specifically designed for the removal of adventitious virus from biotherapeutics is of the utmost importance to both biomanufacturers and regulatory agencies. Although conventional bubble-point and air-diffusion tests are widely accepted for integrity testing of bacteria-retentive membranes; these tests have severe limitations in their ability to assess the integrity of virus-retentive membranes. A novel membrane integrity test based upon liqui

8978924

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A validatible porosimetric technique for verifying the integrity of virus-retentive membranes.

d-liquid porosimetric principles (CorrTest) has been specifically designed to correlate and predict the virus retention capabilities of Viresolve virus removing membranes. To optimize test sensitivity for both Viresolve/70 and Viresolve/180 membrane types; two distinct porosimetric correlations at different transmembrane pressures have been developed. Based upon an 80% prediction interval; an integrity test performed at either test pressure can reliably predict the ability of Viresolve membranes to remove t

8978924

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A validatible porosimetric technique for verifying the integrity of virus-retentive membranes.

he bacteriophage phi X174 to within 0.4 log removal value (LRV) units. To maintain test sensitivity and provide greater flexibility for conducting the liquid-liquid intrusion integrity test; appropriate pressure- and temperature-correction equations have been established. The two immiscible fluids employed in the developed technology are easily flushed from the membrane structure and are generally regarded as acceptable; non-toxic reagents for pharmaceutical applications. Consequently; the CorrTest integrit

8978924

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A validatible porosimetric technique for verifying the integrity of virus-retentive membranes.

y test can reliably and non-destructively measure both pre- and post-use membrane integrity to verify virus removal performance with the Viresolve module.

8978924

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Analysis of the antibody response in humans with a new inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.

Sera from subjects vaccinated with the Pasteur Merieux (PM) inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (AVAXIM) have been analysed in order: (1) to assess comparability of the results provided by a modified radio-immunoassay (mRIA) in the different laboratories involved in testings of sera during clinical trials and by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) used during development of other inactivated hepatitis A vaccines; (2) to describe the IgM responses elicited by this vaccine compared with one control vaccin

8978923

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Analysis of the antibody response in humans with a new inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.

e [HAVRIX; 720 ELISA antigens units; Smithkline Beecham (SB); Rixensart; Belgium]; (3) to provide comparative data between the PM vaccine and the SB vaccine on neutralizing activities of vaccine-induced antibodies. Vaccine-induced antibody titres evaluated by a mRIA in different laboratories correlated well and validated the comparability of the results obtained in various vaccine trials conducted by PM. Geometric mean titres (GMTs) expressed as milli-international units (mlU/ml) were higher with ELISA espe

8978923

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Analysis of the antibody response in humans with a new inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.

cially after the first dose; but seroconversion rates were similar and a good correlation was found between the two assays. IgM vaccine-induced antibodies were detectable in nearly all vaccinated subjects from week 2 after vaccination; with a peak titre between weeks 2 and 4 after the first dose. Comparison of GMTs by the Student Fisher t-test was statistically significant (P < 0.05) only at week 2 with higher titres in PM vaccinees. Neutralizing antibodies were detected after vaccination with the PM inacti

8978923

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Analysis of the antibody response in humans with a new inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.

vated hepatitis A vaccine. The titres gradually increased between the second week after the first dose and the booster dose (week 24). A strong booster effect of the second dose on neutralizing titres was observed. Seroneutralizing titres induced at week 2 in subjects vaccinated with the PM inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) from those induced by the SB vaccine.

8978923

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: current U.S. policy to further reduce the possible risk of transmission by transfusion.

Because the results of epidemiological and subhuman primate studies conducted over the last quarter of a century have failed to show a statistically significant risk of transmission of CJD by transfusion of blood components or plasma derivatives; the FDA's position is that only a theoretical low risk of CJD transmission cannot be excluded at this time. Consequently; FDA issued two memoranda on 8 August 1995 as updated interim policy documents recommending: (1) permanent deferral from donating blood or plasm

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: current U.S. policy to further reduce the possible risk of transmission by transfusion.

a for all persons who state at the time of donation; or for whom post donation information becomes available; that they have ever received pit-hGh; a dura mater transplant graft; or have a blood relative history of CJD; unless this increased risk for CJD is excluded on the basis of genetic analysis testing; (2) the quarantining of all undistributed in-date units of blood or blood components collected from either of these three groups of donors together with notification of all consignees of such in-date uni

8978926

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: current U.S. policy to further reduce the possible risk of transmission by transfusion.

ts so that distributed units also can be quarantined and recipient tracing and notification may be effected; and (3) the withdrawal from distribution and quarantining of in-date plasma derivative products derived from plasma pools containing a unit from either of these three groups of donors at known high risk for CJD; or donors subsequently diagnosed as having CJD. Consignees of these products are to be notified in order that they; in turn; may inform physicians or other qualified personnel responsible for

8978926

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: current U.S. policy to further reduce the possible risk of transmission by transfusion.

the care of product recipients to provide counseling as deemed medically appropriate. The 'family history of CJD' criterion was further clarified to mean a 'history of CJD in 2 or more family members' during the BPAC meeting of 14 December 1995. In a workshop meeting on 29 January 1996 the FDA urged that additional laboratory animal data be generated by plasma derivative manufacturers in order to ascertain if the sterilization steps used in their production of plasma derivatives further reduce the risk of

8978926

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: current U.S. policy to further reduce the possible risk of transmission by transfusion.

transmission of CJD.

8978926

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Nanofiltration of immunoglobulin with 35-nm filters fails to remove substantial amounts of HCV.

nan

8978927

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Reverse transcriptase activity in vaccines derived from chick cells.

nan

8978928

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Glial tubes in the rostral migratory stream of the adult rat.

In the central nervous system cell migration is usually restricted to developmental periods and occurs mainly radially; following the radial glia. Nevertheless; in the subependymal layer of the adult rodent forebrain tangential migration of newly generated neuronal precursors directed to the olfactory bulb; which follow a well-defined pathway without dispersion; has been recently demonstrated. In the present study; by using light microscopic immunocytochemistry for glia-associated antigens (glial fibrillary

8978930

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Glial tubes in the rostral migratory stream of the adult rat.

acidic protein; S-100 and vimentin); and conventional electron microscopy; we observed a dense mesh-work of astrocytic cells and processes throughout the subependymal layer of the adult rat. These cells were organized to form tangentially oriented glial tubes in the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricle and in its rostral extension to the olfactory bulb. Glial tubes were particularly evident within the rostral extension and were widely intercommunicating. Using markers for the proliferating/ migratin

8978930

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Glial tubes in the rostral migratory stream of the adult rat.

g cells of the rostral migratory stream (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; PSA-NCAM; class III beta-tubulin); we provide evidence that long chains of PSA-NCAM/beta-tubulin-positive; newly generated cells are consistently observed inside the glial tubes. These results demonstrate the existence of a peculiar glial organization within the subependymal layer of the adult rat; consisting of long astrocytic tubes that likely represent a new type of glial guidance; accounting for the tangential migration of a high number o

8978930

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Glial tubes in the rostral migratory stream of the adult rat.

f cells along their restricted pathway; to the olfactory bulb.

8978930

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Supramammillary neural discharge patterns and hippocampal EEG.

Rhythmic multiunit activity; leading the negative peak of concurrently recorded dentate rhythmical slow-wave activity (RSA; theta) by a constant degree over a range of RSA frequencies; was observed in the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) after carbachol infusion (5%; 0.25-0.5 microliter) into the nucleus pontis oralis (RPO). As the rhythmic SuM activity survived bilateral transection anterior to SuM; its occurrence is not dependent on descending influences from the septum or hippocampus. Infusion of additional

8978931

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Supramammillary neural discharge patterns and hippocampal EEG.

carbachol into the RPO resulted in epileptiform "sharp-waves" in the hippocampal EEG; and correlated nonrhythmic cell discharge in the SuM. Bilateral transection rostral to SuM abolished the sharp-wave related SuM activity (and restored SuM rhythmical activity). Thus; in contrast to RSA related rhythmical SuM discharge; sharp-wave related SuM discharge seems dependent on descending projections from the hippocampus.

8978931

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Further studies on the suppression of luteinizing hormone release due to activation of medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area mu-opioid receptors.

Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that specific activation of mu-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area with [D-Ala2; N Me-Phe4; Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO) suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion in the ovariectomized rat [29]. In the present study; three experiments were undertaken to ascertain whether changes in the activity of norepinephrine or dopamine neurons modulate the decrease in luteinizing hormone release in response to DAGO. The first experiment utilized pus

8978929

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Further studies on the suppression of luteinizing hormone release due to activation of medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area mu-opioid receptors.

h-pull perfusion in conjunction with HPLC to assess in vivo norepinephrine release in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area in response to perfusion of this site with DAGO (5 micrograms/h). DAGO significantly decreased luteinizing hormone release; but perfusate norepinephrine levels did not change. In the second experiment; push-pull perfusion in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or CSF containing DAGO was done in rats pretreated with the norepinephrine s

8978929

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Further studies on the suppression of luteinizing hormone release due to activation of medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area mu-opioid receptors.

ynthesis inhibitor; FLA-63. This drug pretreatment had no effect on the DAGO-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion. In experiment 3; push-pull perfusion in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area with CSF followed by CSF containing DAGO was done in rats pretreated with vehicle; or a dopamine receptor antagonist; either pimozide or d-butaclamol. Neither dopamine receptor antagonist had any effect on the DAGO-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone release. Thus; these studies do not

8978929

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Further studies on the suppression of luteinizing hormone release due to activation of medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area mu-opioid receptors.

support a role for alterations in the activity of norepinephrine or dopamine neurons in mediating the suppression of luteinizing hormone release in response to activation of mu-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area in the ovariectomized rat.

8978929

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GABAergic neurons in mammalian thalamus: a marker of thalamic complexity?

The present study evaluated the occurrence; distribution; and number of GABAergic neurons in the thalamus of different mammalian species (bat; mouse; rat; guinea pig; rabbit; cat; monkey; humans); by means of light microscopical immunoenzymatic localization of GABA or of its biosynthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase and by ultrastructural immunogold detection of GABA. Our data demonstrated that: 1) GABAergic local circuit neurons were detected in the thalamic visual domain in all the species analyzed;

8978932

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GABAergic neurons in mammalian thalamus: a marker of thalamic complexity?

whereas in other thalamic nuclei their presence and number varied among species; 2) the number of GABAergic local circuit neurons progressively increased in the dorsal thalamus of species with more complex behavior; 3) the presence of local circuit neurons conferred a similar intrinsic organization to the dorsal thalamic nuclei; characterized by complex synaptic arrangements; 4) in the reticular thalamic nucleus; whose neurons were GABA-immunoreactive in all the examined species; the cellular density decre

8978932

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GABAergic neurons in mammalian thalamus: a marker of thalamic complexity?

ased from the bat to humans. These findings strongly suggest that thalamic GABAergic local circuit neurons are not directly related to the ability to perform specific sensorimotor tasks; but they are likely to reflect an increasing complexity of the local information processing that occurs at thalamic level.

8978932

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GAP-43 mRNA and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA expression in sensory neurons are increased following sympathectomy.

Sympathectomy has been shown to result in an increased density of fibers immunoreactive for sensory peptides in peripheral targets innervated by both sensory and sympathetic neurons; providing evidence for functional interactions between sympathetic and sensory systems. These findings provided the background for examining the hypothesis that axonal outgrowth is induced from sensory neurons following sympathectomy. We examined the expression of GAP-43 mRNA; a specific marker for axonal outgrowth; in cervical

8978933

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GAP-43 mRNA and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA expression in sensory neurons are increased following sympathectomy.

(C3; C7; C8) and thoracic (T1; T2) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the rat following bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglion; to assess whether the described increases in peptidergic afferent fibers reflected axonal outgrowth. In situ hybridization was used with 35S labeled riboprobes complementary to GAP-43 mRNA; and to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA; a marker for a major subset of thin-fiber sensory neurons. The density of GAP-43 mRNA nearly doubled by 18 h following sympathectomy a

8978933

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GAP-43 mRNA and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA expression in sensory neurons are increased following sympathectomy.

nd reached a threefold increase by 3 days. By 45 days following surgery; the GAP-43 mRNA level was still nearly twice that of normal animals; CGRP immunoreactivity was also examined: the density of fibers in the iris and cornea of sympathectomized animals was considerably greater from two weeks to 45 days following surgery; than in sham-operated controls. Concomitantly; there was a slight but significant increase in CGRP mRNA expression in T1 and C3 DRG 14 days postsympathectomy. Quantitative computerized i

8978933

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GAP-43 mRNA and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA expression in sensory neurons are increased following sympathectomy.

mage analysis demonstrated that GAP 43 mRNA expression in sympathectomized animals was 1.5 times greater in medium-sized DRG neurons and almost fourfold greater in small DRG neurons than in control rats. These results indicate that sympathetic denervation elicits axonal outgrowth in the population of sensory neurons that give rise to the small unmyelinated and thinly myelinated axons of peripheral nerves.

8978933

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Cholinesterase inhibition improves blood flow in the ischemic cerebral cortex.

The ability of central cholinesterase inhibition to improve cerebral blood flow in the ischemic brain was tested in Sprague-Dawley rats with tandem occlusion of left middle cerebral and common carotid arteries. Cerebral blood flow was measured with lodo- 14C-antipyrine autoradiography in 170 regions of cerebral cortex. The regional distribution of blood flow was characterized in normal animals by cerebral blood flow maxima in the temporal regions. After 2 h ischemia; minimum cerebral blood flow values were

8978935

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Cholinesterase inhibition improves blood flow in the ischemic cerebral cortex.

found in the lateral frontal and parietal areas on the left hemisphere; and a new maximum was found in the right hemisphere in an area approximately symmetrical to the ischemic focus. Heptyl-physostigmine (eptastigmine); a carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor with prolonged time of action improved cerebral blood flow in most regions; with the exception of the ischemic core. The drug also enhanced the ischemia-induced rostral shift of cerebral blood flow maxima in the right hemisphere. The effects of eptastigm

8978935

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Cholinesterase inhibition improves blood flow in the ischemic cerebral cortex.

ine were more marked 24 h after ischemia. Discriminant analysis showed that data from only 22 regions was sufficient to achieve 100% accuracy in classifying all cases into the various experimental conditions. The redistribution of cerebral blood flow to the sensorimotor area of the right hemisphere of animals with cerebral ischemia; a phenomenon possibly related to recovery of function; was also enhanced by eptastigmine.

8978935

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Role of different subtypes of adrenoceptors in pressor responses to catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve endings.

The role of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the vascular effects of catecholamines; either released locally from sympathetic nerve endings (e.g.; in vascular smooth muscle) or derived from the adrenal medulla or administered intravenously; was studied using selective antagonists of these adrenoceptors. The ganglionic stimulant dimethylphenyl-piperazinium-iodide (DMPP) exerted dual actions on blood pressure: a rapid and short-term pressor reaction (phase I) resulting from catecholamine release elicited

8978934

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Role of different subtypes of adrenoceptors in pressor responses to catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve endings.

by ganglion stimulation; followed by a more sustained blood pressure elevation (phase II) resulting from the circulating catecholamines released from the adrenal medulla. The selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor; but a not subtype selective; antagonist 7;8-(methylenedioxi)-14-alpha-alloberbane HCl (CH-38083) (50-100 micrograms/kg; IV) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the pressor effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine given intravenously and phase II of the DMPP-induced pressor reaction. Idazoxan exerted sim

8978934

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Role of different subtypes of adrenoceptors in pressor responses to catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve endings.

ilar effects; but at higher doses (400-600 micrograms/kg; IV). WB-4101 (50-100 micrograms/kg; IV) and BRL-44408 (2-3 mg/kg; IV); two selective alpha 2A-adrenoceptor antagonists; had the same activity as CH-38083; except did not inhibit the pressor effect of intravenously administered norepinephrine. The alpha 2B-adrenoceptor selective antagonist; ARC-239 (150 micrograms/kg; IV) did not influence phase II of DMPP-induced pressor reaction. Prazosin (200 micrograms/kg; IV); an antagonist of alpha 1 and alpha 2

8978934

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Role of different subtypes of adrenoceptors in pressor responses to catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve endings.

B-adrenoceptors; reduced blood pressure; the pressor response to intravenously administered epinephrine; and phase I of the DMPP-induced pressor effect. In addition; it completely inhibited the pressor responses to DMPP remaining after administration of CH-38083. These results suggest that the postsynaptically located alpha 1- and alpha 2(A and B)-adrenoceptors are involved in pressor response to norepinephrine and epinephrine; and are sensitive and accessible to catecholamines released locally from the axo

8978934

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Role of different subtypes of adrenoceptors in pressor responses to catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve endings.

n terminals; and from the circulation to a different extent. These results may have great therapeutical importance in hypertension; for which the involvement of both a high level of circulating and locally released catecholamines may be indicative of the usefullness of a combination (alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors- and Ca-channel-blocking agents) therapy.

8978934

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Differential effects of the M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes on intracellular calcium and on the incorporation of choline into membrane lipids in genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines.

We compared responses of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines stably transfected with human genes for the M1-M5 muscarinic receptor subtypes to several stimuli. While ATP brought about similar increases in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ ions ([Ca2+]i) in the cell lines expressing all individual receptor subtypes; carbachol acted with much higher potency and efficacy on the cells expressing the M1; M3; and M5 receptor subtypes than on those expressing the M2 and M4 subtypes. The maximum [Ca2+]i re

8978936

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Differential effects of the M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes on intracellular calcium and on the incorporation of choline into membrane lipids in genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines.

sponses to ATP corresponded to 41-75% of the maximum responses to carbachol in the cells expressing the M1; M3; and M5 receptor subtypes. The responses to ATP were strongly suppressed (> 75% decrease) by a preliminary administration of a maximally active concentration of carbachol in these three cell lines; whereas the responses to carbachol were less sensitive to the preliminary administration of a maximally active concentration of ATP (< 25% decrease). It appears likely that carbachol and ATP release Ca2+

8978936

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Differential effects of the M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes on intracellular calcium and on the incorporation of choline into membrane lipids in genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines.

ions from identical intracellular stores. Tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) strongly inhibited the responses of [Ca2+]i to both carbachol and ATP and enhanced the incorporation of [14C] choline into lipids in all five CHO cell lines investigated. On the other hand; the incorporation of [14C] choline into lipids was diminished by carbachol in the cell line expressing the M3 receptor subtype and unchanged in the other cell lines. This effect of carbachol was not dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca

8978936

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Differential effects of the M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes on intracellular calcium and on the incorporation of choline into membrane lipids in genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines.

2+ ions and was not affected by TPA; which diminished the response of [Ca2+]i to muscarinic stimulation. It is suggested that it was due to muscarinic receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase D.

8978936

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Efficacy and effectiveness in the antidepressant treatment of depression: beyond metaanalysis.

nan

8978937

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Improving the management of patients with schizophrenia in primary care: assessing learning needs as a first step.

To assess family physician learning needs related to the care of patients with schizophrenia.Questionnaires were mailed to all family physicians and general practitioners practising in southern Alberta. Physicians were asked to indicate the number of patients with schizophrenia cared for; their interest in improving the care the provided; their preferred learning methods; and the content they wished to learn.A total of 539 surveys were returned for a return rate of 43.8%. Over half of the physicians (53.5%)

8978939

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Improving the management of patients with schizophrenia in primary care: assessing learning needs as a first step.

indicated that they saw 1 to 2 patients with schizophrenia each month. Almost half (48.5%) indicated they were somewhat or very interested in increasing the care provided. Primary learning needs included increasing their knowledge of psychopharmacologic agents and monitoring and adjusting medications. Lectures and half-day workshops were the preferred learning methods.Our study was helpful in identifying the types of education that physicians wanted as well as the duration of the programming prior to the d

8978939

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Improving the management of patients with schizophrenia in primary care: assessing learning needs as a first step.

evelopment of teaching interventions.

8978939

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Antidepressant treatment of depression: a metaanalysis.

To carry out a metaanalysis of antidepressant studies to calculate the effect sizes for antidepressant effect in depressive disorder.A metaanalysis of all antidepressant studies that included an active comparison drug as well as placebo was used to calculate the effect size. Articles were selected from a MEDLINE search for the period January 1966 to June 1995. Forty-nine studies were included in the metaanalysis.The effect sizes for antidepressant treatment are moderately larger than for placebo. A larger e

8978938

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Antidepressant treatment of depression: a metaanalysis.

ffect size was observed in studies where objective diagnostic criteria for depression were used.We conclude that the superior efficacy of antidepressants over placebo can be demonstrated.

8978938

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Teaching child and adolescent psychiatry to family medicine trainees: a pilot experience.

To develop learning objectives for teaching child psychiatry to family medicine trainees and to evaluate the best method of teaching these objectives.For this descriptive study; knowledge; attitude; and skill objectives were presented to trainees at the start of a 6-month rotation; and an evaluation mechanism was developed based on the learning objectives. The method of instruction in each of the training locations was described independently by the child psychiatry consultant and attending family physician

8978940

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Teaching child and adolescent psychiatry to family medicine trainees: a pilot experience.

. The trainees' evaluations were presented according to training locations.Family medicine trainees perceived the teaching-consultation method; with live interviews; to be the most helpful and the didactic lecture format to be least helpful.The importance of teaching family medicine residents to recognize mental health problems in children and adolescents; preferably by using live interviews; and the implications for postresidency practice are emphasized.

8978940

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Acute day hospitalization as an alternative to inpatient treatment.

This paper describes the administrative process by which the Ottawa General Hospital (OGH) closed 6 beds and used the staff and space resources thus released to set up an acute day hospital (ADH) for the treatment of 8 acutely ill psychiatric patients. Outcome data are presented on the first 160 patients admitted to the ADH.Demographic and clinical information including diagnostic (DSM-III-R; Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF]) and questionnaire data (Symptom Checklist-90 Revised [SCL-90R]; Beck Depress

8978941

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Acute day hospitalization as an alternative to inpatient treatment.

ion Inventory [BDI]; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]; patient satisfaction) were obtained from 160 ADH patients at admission and discharge. Forty-two of these patients provided follow-up data 3 to 6 months postdischarge. The outcome of ADH patients was compared with that of a retrospectively obtained random sample (n = 100) of inpatients on selected diagnostic and demographic variables.On clinician-rated and self-report clinical scales; ADH patients showed significant clinical improvement reflected in

8978941

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Acute day hospitalization as an alternative to inpatient treatment.

higher GAF scores and less psychological distress; depression; and anxiety at discharge relative to admission. There were no significant group differences in outcome indices except for shorter length of stay in the ADH group compared with inpatients. The ADH group rated the program highly in help received and quality of service. Short-term follow-up showed that gains made during treatment were maintained 3 to 6 months later.These results show that a time-limited day hospital program is clinically effective

8978941

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Acute day hospitalization as an alternative to inpatient treatment.

for acutely ill psychiatric patients and leads to a more efficient use of inpatient resources. We believe that partial hospitalization for the treatment of acute psychiatric disorders may have wide application in psychiatric hospital practice.

8978941

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Psychogeriatric consultation services: effect and effectiveness.

To determine the nature of referrals to a psychogeriatric consultation/outreach service; the types of interventions provided; and the effects and effectiveness of the service.The study used a prospective approach in which 67 consecutive patients referred for psychogeriatric assessment were followed up 6 to 8 weeks after the initial assessment and then again 6 months after initial contact. Patients were rated at the time of referral and at follow-up on presence of psychiatric diagnosis; need for institutiona

8978942

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Psychogeriatric consultation services: effect and effectiveness.

l care; and placement outcome.Of the 67 patients initially seen; 51 (76%) experienced memory problems and 46 (69%) had depressed mood. Consistent with this finding; 36 (54%) were diagnosed by consultants as having a dementia; and 15 (22%) received a diagnosis of depression. The most frequent recommendations included medication changes in 34 cases (50%) and further assessments in 37 cases (55%). Although information at 6-week follow-up was available for only 58% (n = 38) of the sample; 18 (46%) patients were

8978942

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Psychogeriatric consultation services: effect and effectiveness.

generally improved. Interestingly; only 12 (31%) of referring physicians indicated that they had followed the advice of the consultants. Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms were major concerns among referring physicians. The most common recommendation made involved pharmacotherapy. While compliance of family doctors to recommendations made was poor; patients improved over time. Patients requiring inpatient assessment were very old; living alone; experiencing behavioural problems; and not depressed

8978942

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Psychogeriatric consultation services: effect and effectiveness.

.Psychogeriatric consultations appear most useful in cases where patients are more severely affected and/or are suffering from a greater range of symptoms.

8978942

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Familial dementia of frontal lobe type.

To describe an unusual case of familial frontal lobe dementia (FLD) with probable spongiform encephalopathy (SE).The patient's clinical presentation; neuropsychological test results; family history; and results on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans; among other routine investigations; are described. His leucocyte deoxyriboneucleic acid (DNA) was isolated; and his Prp (prion protein) gene was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using the Sange

8978943

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Familial dementia of frontal lobe type.

r method.Clinically; the patient had a presenile frontal lobe dementia. Four of the 8 members of the generation preceding the patient had presenile dementia. Autopsies performed on 2 of these cases revealed SE; and a pathological diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was made. One other member of that generation died of a limbic encephalitis; although the neuropathological findings were atypical. Sequencing of the patient's Prp gene did not reveal the abnormalities expected in a familial case of CJD.

8978943

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Familial dementia of frontal lobe type.

The results of other investigations were compatible with FLD but were not specific to a particular diagnosis.This case is a novel type of SE. The patient presented clinically with FLD; but based on the family history and neuropathology; a diagnosis of prion dementia seems likely. There were no mutations found in the Prp gene; so it is possible that there are SEs caused by genes or other pathological processes unrelated to the Prp gene.

8978943

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Self-induced water intoxication treated with risperidone.

To determine whether or not risperidone is efficacious in treating self-induced water intoxication in patients with chronic schizophrenia.We carried out a prospective 11-month open-label study using risperidone to treat 8 men with chronic schizophrenia and self-induced water intoxication.The 8 men were not able to reduce their fluid consumption compared with their baseline intake. Risperidone; however; significantly decreased the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores of this very chronic group.Althou

8978944

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Self-induced water intoxication treated with risperidone.

gh risperidone decreased schizophrenic symptoms; it did not have significant efficacy in treating self-induced water intoxication. This study may have implications for the treatment of addictive behaviour.

8978944

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Depressive symptoms attributable to medication exposure in a medical inpatient population.

Exposure to certain drugs-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; beta-blockers; calcium channel blockers; corticosteroids. H2 blockers; and sedative hypnotics-may be associated with an increased risk of depression. These drugs are commonly used in inpatient medical therapeutics. Since population attributable risk (PAR) is generally related both to strength of association and to the frequency of exposure to a risk factor; the PAR of depressive symptoms associated with these drug exposures is potentially h

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