Datasets:

britllm

/

TransWeb-Edu-English

like 0

Follow

BritLLM 5

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty - five years on Today marks the fifth anniversary of the opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The Treaty bans all nuclear test explosions in any environment. To date, 161 States have signed the Treaty, and 81 have ratified it. 16 of these ratifications have taken place since the fourth anniversary. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty must be ratified by 44 named States before it can enter into force. These States, listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty, all participated in the 1996 session of the Conference on Disarmament and are listed in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s April 1996 edition of "Nuclear Power Reactors in the World" or the December 1995 edition of IAEA’s "Nuclear Research Reactors of the World". 41 of these 44 States signed the Treaty in 1996, displaying a remarkable global consensus on its importance. To date, 31 have ratified it. The five years since the opening for signature of the Treaty have seen many achievements. The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty was established on 19 November 1996, and its Provisional Technical Secretariat began work in Vienna on 17 March 1997 under Executive Secretary Wolfgang Hoffmann. The Commission is responsible for the necessary preparations of the effective implementation of the Treaty and the first session of the Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty, upon entry into force. The Provisional Technical Secretariat of the Preparatory Commission also provides regular workshops and training opportunities to Member State nationals. Tasked with the establishment of a global verification regime to monitor Treaty compliance, the Preparatory Commission focuses its activities on the establishment of 337 monitoring facilities around the world. The data collected by this International Monitoring System (IMS) is analysed in the International Data Centre, and will be used by States to monitor Treaty adherence and, if necessary, to reach a decision as to whether or not the Treaty has been contravened. The verification regime also provides for a consultation and clarification process, on-site inspections and confidence-building measures. The monitoring stations, located evenly around the globe, are often in distant and hard-to-reach places, posing considerable engineering challenges in their establishment. Some monitoring facilities must endure extreme temperatures, others are so remote that they must be self-reliant for power. In some cases, access itself is a major problem. Despite these challenges, progress in establishing the facilities has been good. Five years after the Treaty was opened for signature, site surveys are almost complete, and installation finalized at some 105 stations. Seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide data from about 100 stations flow to the International Data Centre (IDC), and new software is proving steadily more accurate in pinpointing the location of events which produce such data. The verification data already available to States Signatories, both in ‘raw’ and processed forms, are a valuable scientific resource. Five years after opening for signature, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty has the firm support of the international community, and is recognized as playing an important role in nuclear disarmament and in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons. By signing and ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, States become part of a global community committed to ensuring that the world is a safer and more secure place. The 81 States that have deposited their instruments of ratification of the CTBT are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guyana, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay and Uzbekistan. The 161 States that have signed the Treaty are: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

006_1914426

The process of tequila begins when a blue agave plant is ripe, usually 8 to 12 years after it is planted. Leaves are chopped away from its core by a "jimador" who assesses the plants ripeness. Pinas are hauled to the distillery where they are cut in half or chopped and put to roast. Starches turn to sugar as the pinas are roasted in furnaces called "homos". Modern distilleries use huge steam ovens to increase output and save on energy. Roughly speaking, seven kilos (15lb. ) of agave pina are needed to produce one liter (one quart U.S.) of tequila. The roasted pinas are then shredded, their juices pressed out and placed in fermenting tanks or vats. Some distilleries use the traditional method to produce tequila. In this method Eartesian tequila Ethe cores are crushed with a stone wheel at a grinding mill called "tahona" and the fibers are dumped into the wooden vat to enhance fermentation and to provide extra flavor. One the juices are in the vats yeast is added. Every distiller keeps its own yeast as a closely guarded secret. During fermentation, the yeast acts upon the sugars of the agave plant converting them into alcohol. Juices ferment for 30 to 48 hours then they are distilled twice in traditional copper stills or more modern ones made of stainless steel or in continuous distillation towers. The first distillation produces a low-grade alcohol and the second a fiery colorless liquid that is later blended before being bottled. Alcohol content may be between 70 and 110 Proof. At this moment the liquor is no longer mezcal but tequila. The tequila's color comes from being aged in wood. The wood also imparts subtle flavors and aromatic overtones that enhance the character of the Tequila.

012_1740519

By Jocelyn Maggard ContributorThe Bishop’s School kicked off its first Hispanic Heritage Month celebration with keynote speaker Chris Tenorio, who asked the audience “How many of you have had a birthday party with a piñata? ” When an overwhelming majority of the audience raised a hand, Tenorio, a parent of a Bishop’s student and federal prosecutor with the U.S. Department of Justice, had made the point of his presentation that Hispanic cultural influences are everywhere. “We need to stand back sometimes and see there are these influences everyday in our lives, said Tenorio. “We live in a country where the sell of salsa has surpassed the sale of ketchup. ” Tenorio said the idea sparking his presentation came when another student told his daughter Gabby, that she didn’t look Latina. He felt it was important to teach the students what it means to be from the Latino culture but also reminded them that despite culture and ethnicity, everyone is an American. “It’s important to identify with those with similar backgrounds and it’s also important to show others how we have influenced our own culture here in the United States, said Tenorio.” Shakira Trejo an eighth-grade student of Mexican heritage, said she “liked the PowerPoint because it taught that Latin culture is all around us, and I don’t’ think many kids know about this. ” Last spring, students, parents, and faculty formed a planning committee “to affirm Latina/o identities on national, state, local and community levels,” according to a statement from the school. Through Oct. 15, three guest lecturers will visit the school to share what it means to be Latin American in both their professional and personal lives. Christen Tedrow-Harrison, an English teacher at Bishop’s believes in teaching diversity in the classroom. “Our students deserve the opportunity to encounter works by authors from racial, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation, and class backgrounds that are different from their own, or works that highlight narratives about individuals that reflect differences in social and cultural identifiers. This type of education challenges our perceptions and behaviors. It allows students, educators, and the larger community to wade in the waters of difference, and hopefully, embrace those opportunities to lean into discomfort and reflect,” she says. Tedrow-Harrison teaches “House on Mango Street,” written by Mexican American author Sandra Cisneros. The story chronicles a young girl’s coming of age story growing up in a poor, Puerto Rican neighborhood in Chicago. Tedrow-Harrison says it is a favorite among her students. Currently Bishop’s also offers a course on Latina(o) literature and another called the Art of Protest, which Tedrow-Harrison says “incorporates a multicultural perspective. ” The city of San Diego acknowledged the school’s first Hispanic Heritage Month and San Diego City Council member Todd Gloria of District 3 gave a proclamation on behalf of the city. “We are going to become a very, very multi-ethnic democracy, and we have to set you (students) up for success in that wonderful community,” said Gloria. Julieta Torres-Worstell, a Spanish teacher, said the celebration showcases why they teach Spanish. “It makes learning Spanish meaningful. ” Besides a cultural learning experience, the students got an added bonus of filling up on mole poblana, frijoles negros (black beans) and handmade corn tortillas at lunch and watching a local Samba group in elaborate sequined gold and purple costumes perform the traditional Brazilian dance.

010_5294822

Today we had a talkshow at KLCBS about the upcoming ProCodeCG Half-day Kids Coding Camp 🙂 The registration is still open, you may send your kids to more than one topics (Games Development, Cryptography, Virus-Antivirus). Games Development topic will introduce kids to programming using games. They will learn different tools and languages to create games. And at the end they will be able to create their own games. Cryptography topic will give awareness about security of data to kids. They will learn how to protect their data with encryption. Later their problem solving skills will be improved by learning how to decrypt their encrypted data. Virus-Antivirus topic will provide the kids with knowledge about malware threats. They will learn about different kind of virus, the level of dangers and how to prevent the threat. They will learn to create simple and less harmful virus to see how it works. They will also be taught on how to create antivirus to the virus they created. Each topic will be in 3 days, from 9am to 2pm. Kids will learn from beginner to advanced level on each topic. Don’t worry if your kids are beginners because we will start from the beginning for each topic! Age doesn’t matter too, we have several Captains on different ages to make sure your kids keep up with the class. Each kid is expected to bring a laptop and a table. We will provide internet connection, snack, lunch, souvenirs and certificate. And course materials 🙂

001_4178812

Boil Water Notice Issued CITY OF BRANDON Boil Water Alert for Rankin County, Mississippi Water System: City of Brandon – PWS ID#: 610003 Effective Date: November 4, 2019 Local officials have issued a precautionary Boil Water Alert for customers who get their drinking water from the CITY OF BRANDON located in RANKIN COUNTY, MS. Charles Smith, spokesperson for the water system, stated this precautionary action was necessary, because the system lost pressure due to a water main break. This affects approximately 45 customers located along Morrow Street, Orr Drive, and Hill Circle When a water distribution system loses pressure, contaminants can siphon back into the system. Public health officials consider any system that has lost pressure contaminated until tests of the water prove otherwise. As soon as pressure is restored to those customers affected, water system officials will begin collecting water samples for testing and recommend that consumers vigorously boil water for one minute before it is consumed or use an alternate source for drinking/cooking. Users will be notified when tests indicate the water is safe to drink. CHECKLIST FOR SAFE WATER USE Do not drink tap water while the water system is under boil water advisory. Do not drink from water fountains in parks or public/private buildings that receive water from the system. Do not use ice made from water today. Freezing will not necessarily kill harmful bacteria. Do not use tap water to make drinks, juices or fountain soft drinks. Do not use tap water to make tea or coffee unless the brewing process brings the water to a boil for at least one minute. Wash your dishes in boiled water or use paper plates for the next few days. Wash your fruits and vegetables with boiled or bottled water since they may have been exposed to affected water from grocery store sprayers. Wash your hands and bathe as usual. Bathing is safe as long as no water is swallowed. Brush your teeth with boiled or bottled water. Cook with tap water if the food will be boiled for at least one minute. Properly chlorinated water in swimming pools is safe. Fish in aquariums are not affected. Bringing water to a rolling boil for one minute will destroy all major types of harmful bacteria. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PLEASE CALL THE CITY OF BRANDON PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT AT (601) 824-4579.

001_4047361

Delaware Gov. Jack Markell signed a formal resolution Wednesday apologizing for the state’s role in perpetuating slavery. “Delaware today is impacted by the lasting legacy of slavery, including ongoing tension between races and the existence of institutional racism,” states the resolution. “It is important for Delaware to make a formal apology for slavery and Jim Crow, so that it can move forward and seek reconciliation, justice, and harmony for all of its citizens. " Delaware was one of the last states to abolish slavery, followed only by Kentucky and Mississippi, though it did not secede. The state becomes the ninth to issue a formal apology for slavery; Virginia was the first state in 2007 to acknowledge “with profound regret” the enslavement of Africans, followed by Maryland, North Carolina, and Alabama that same year. New Jersey and Florida followed in 2008 and Tennessee and Connecticut in 2009. Both the U.S. House and Senate passed bills apologizing for slavery in 2008 and 2009, respectively, but failed to become laws. Delaware's General Assembly passed the legislation in January as an important step toward addressing the state’s continued racial inequalities, the Christian Science Monitor reported. “It’s essential that we publicly and candidly and wholly recognize the everlasting damage of those sins,” Governor Markell told parishioners at the Bethel American Methodist Episcopal Church on the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery, “damage that reverberates to this day in a country were 150 years after the establishment of slavery and decades after the official end of the Jim Crow era, being black in Delaware and being black in America means your likelihood of prosperity and success is less than if you are white. ” The Washington Post points out that the Delaware resolution includes a line that seems to protect itself from future reparations suits: “It is the intent of the General Assembly that this Joint Resolution shall not be used in, or be the basis of, any type of litigation. ” Reparations became a subject of discussion in the presidential election after Bernie Sanders said they would be "divisive. " And at Fusion's Black and Brown Forum in January Hillary Clinton dodged the question of whether she supported reparations. The bill was hard-fought, and came after repeated requests by activists, the Monitor said. Harmon Carey, leader of the Afro-American Historical Society in Wilmington, says Markell ignored two of his requests before he asked a third time last July, after the Charleston church shootings. “I thought that one way for us to respond—‘us’ meaning Delawareans—was for the governor to issue an official apology for slavery,” Carey said. “It would say to me that my government cares enough about African American people to issue a proclamation. ” Rob covers business, economics and the environment for Fusion. He previously worked at Business Insider. He grew up in Chicago.

011_2206282

From 1969 to 1972, there were six manned landings on the moon. Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 all landed safely on the moon's surface and returned to Earth, allowing 12 astronauts to set foot on Earth's satellite. The first time man set foot on the moon was July 20, 1969. American astronaut Neil Armstrong was the first person to step onto the surface of the moon. As of April 2014, no animals other than human beings have landed on the moon. The first humans to land on the moon were Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin. Armstrong was the first human to step on the moon. The first people to land on the moon were Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin. The third member of the Apollo 11 mission was Michael Collins, who remained in the orbit around the moon. According to NASA, there have been six lunar landings, all under the Apollo program. The first moon landing was by Apollo 11 on July 16, 1969. The last was Apollo 17, which landed on the moon on December 7, 1972. Reports indicate that some 600 million people watched as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon on July 20, 1969. That televised event set a world record that went unbroken until Prince Charles and Lady Diana married in 1981, which drew 750 million viewers. A moon is a natural satellite consisting of solid material that naturally orbits a planet or dwarf planet. Although the Earth has just one moon, there are other planets that have more, and some that even have none. Moons and their planets often have very symbiotic, or c. . .

002_600757

Consolidating an associate company An associate is a company in which a group of companies has a substantial stake, but not outright control. This usually means more than 20% but less than 50%. The group balance sheet shows the value of the shares owned in the associates. Although shown separately, they are treated like any other investment. When calculating an EV the value of the holdings in associates should be deducted. Alternatively, the cost of completely buying out the associate should be added - but this approach makes more sense for subsidiaries. When calculating an EV/EBITDA, the EBITDA should be adjusted in line with the EV. To consolidate is the action of combining of assets, liabilities and other financial items of two or more entities into one. In the context of financial accounting, the term consolidate often refers to the consolidation of financial statements, where all subsidiaries report under the umbrella of a parent company. These statements are called consolidated financial statements. Consolidation also refers to the merger and acquisition of smaller companies into larger companies. A consolidation, however, differs from a merger in that the consolidated companies could also result in a new entity, whereas in a merger one company absorbs the other and remains in existence while the other is dissolved. In financial accounting, consolidated financial statements provide a comprehensive view of the financial position of both the parent company and its subsidiaries, rather than one company's stand-alone position. In business, consolidation occurs when two or more businesses combine to form one new entity, with the expectation of increasing market share and profitability, and the benefit of combining talent, industry expertise or technology.

003_3207691

SECTION 3: CROSSING SPACES "From the Ground Up: Shaping Community, Collaboration, and Multiliteracies at Georgia Tech" Rebecca E. Burnett, Karen Head, Brandy Ball Blake, Andy Frazee, Diane Jakacki, Chris Ritter, Nirmal Trivedi, and Christopher Weedman This chapter discusses three dynamic spaces of the Writing and Communication Program at Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech): the Laptop Classroom in the Skiles Classroom Building, the Communication Center in the Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons, and the Stephen C. Hall Building. The authors recount how these spaces were deliberately designed by and for them. They describe how they worked with designers, architects, interior designers, landscape architects, and information technology experts in the planning and design stages to match the physical spaces with the Writing and Communication Program’s philosophy, pedagogy, and research practices. This chapter focuses on physical and digital affordances that contribute to the Writing and Communication Program’s core philosophies of rhetoric, process, and multimodality. It also offers implications and conclusions flexible enough for readers at a range of other institutional contexts to consider and apply. Note: Users can navigate this web text in two ways: either by starting with section 1. 0 and following the links to the next sections, or by jumping to a section using the navigation menus at the top and bottom of each page.

002_1517834

Olympiad is an Indian aptitude test for class 8 students. It is conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and is a prestigious exam in India. The test checks the student’s skills in English, maths, science, and general awareness. A high score on Olympiad can help you get into a reputed school or college. “Olympiad for Class 8” is like a game of chess. It’s tough, demanding, and needs no introduction to the world. The aim is simple – to solve as many questions as possible in which you can find up to five marks out of ten. Of course, nobody has time to memorize all the tricks that could work for them. Are you looking to crack Olympiad for Class 8 and excel in all subjects? Some important points that one should know: - The first thing you need to do is buy a good study guide. This will help you understand the concepts, and will also provide a lot of solutions for past papers as well as strengthen your speed and accuracy level. Once you have done that, write down your weaknesses and strengths on a piece of paper. This will help you devise a study plan that is customized to your needs. Another key tip is to keep practicing mentally as much as possible before the exam. Mental practice can be a very effective way to prepare for exams because it requires no materials or assistance from other people, which means it can be done anytime and anywhere. - Do not be disheartened by a first try. Even Einstein failed the first time around. Remember, no one is perfect, and everyone makes mistakes. Instead of getting upset after the exam, just analyze your mistakes and look at them as a way to improve yourself the next time around. - The last tip is to relax and concentrate on the questions that you know well before moving on to ones that you don’t. If you save your time for those hard questions then there is a huge chance that you will fall short of the time limit. Click here – Tips to Clear 6 Maths Olympiad Older students can also help their younger counterparts in studying. Older students act as great resources for younger students, who can learn a lot from them whether it is about the habits to make studying easier or how to manage their time better. It is very much to see that many times parents don’t want to take interest in helping their children to study for this exam. This makes the child feel lonely and weak, which might affect his or her confidence negatively. The top 10 of the most important things to keep in mind while doing your preparation are listed below: - Be sure to do ample research on what’s being taught at school, so you understand it fully. This will allow you to perform better in your exam. sg - Write down all the things you have been taught, so that you could remember them easily. - Ask your teacher to provide you with marks sheets for past papers as well as the marks allocation method. It may be beneficial to practice on past papers as well as facts from books or other sources. - Make sure that you have a detailed study plan, including the topics that need to be catered by homework assignments and exams. This will help a lot in making sure that you do not miss out on any important topics and do it all in time for exams. - Take up an online coaching session to learn different types of questions asked during tests. Online coaching sessions are very helpful in improving your scores in exams because you could ask the help of the teacher in taking the test. Online coaching is available at various coaching centers. - It is essential to write down questions that could be asked during the exam. This will make sure that you do not miss out on any important topics. - Practice with your friends and teachers to make up for areas that you are struggling with. You must make up for the gaps in your preparation to do well in the Olympiads. - Start preparing as early as possible, as it will allow you enough time to learn and practice all you need. - Don’t ever forget about sleep, as this is very important to keep yourself energized during exams. - Regular practice with past years’ question papers will allow you to improve on your answers and drive down your time during exams, as well as helping you manage the time properly. You can check out IMO Olympiad Question Papers for Class 8. Never give up studying. Have the courage to be a student who doesn’t settle for less. Olympiads is a great way to learn and understand things in a better way as well as prepare for competitive exams. Social life can be an essential part of any kid’s life; however, during the exam period it might be difficult to manage social life as well as studies, but it is always best to take a break from studies and focus on studies, rest, and eating healthy food rather than spending time on partying. Make sure that you are preparing yourself to crack at least one exam. Don’t stop preparing till you are satisfied. Never read the question if the answers already pop up in your mind. Firstly, read the options and then think about each option carefully before making a decision. Always practice questions which you got wrong in your previous attempt rather than doing questions which you got right at your first attempt because it helps in avoiding the same mistake again. Researches show that students should be more focused on solving problems rather than just mugging up formulas and results because it will help them understand concepts better and increase their retention power which is very helpful while solving problems later on without using formula etc. Click here – Olympiad examinations To Know Some Great Stuff Do Visit Snorable To Know Some Great Stuff Do Visit SquareRoott To Know Some Great Stuff Do Visit StarCasto

002_4565362

Week Eighteen: 100% Whole Grain Breads Just so you know, it’s not easy finding recipes for 100% whole grain bread, let alone good recipes. See, it’s not just a matter of switching whole wheat flour for white flour in your favorite recipe. If you’ve ever tried that, I know how disappointed you were! Your bread ended up flat, heavy, and dry, with a sawdusty texture, right? What gives? ! To figure out what happens to bread when you use whole grain flour, you have to understand the grain itself. Lets use wheat as an example, since it’s the most common in breadmaking, and pretty representative of many grains as far as this discussion is concerned. The wheat kernel (also known as a wheat berry) is made up of three parts: the bran, the germ, and the endosperm. The bran is the outer covering, and provides fiber and B vitamins. The germ is the part of the grain that grows into a new wheat plant, and contains the only fat in the kernel, along with vitamins and minerals. The endosperm is the remaining 85% of the grain, and provides carbohydrates and protein. Here is a good diagram of what it all looks like put together. In milling whole wheat flour, the whole wheatberry is ground up together. But for white flour, the bran and germ are removed, leaving only the endosperm. Yes, this means that it’s less nutritious, since most of the vitamins and fiber are taken out; but in the end, it makes for a fluffier bread. This is because the bran is sharp, and acts a bit like little knife blades in a dough. When you form gluten (the tough, rubbery substance created when wheat flour is mixed with water) in a whole wheat dough, the bran actually cuts it, and the germ simply gets in the way of it forming at all. Without a good gluten structure, your dough has no way to trap the gases produced by the yeast, and therefore has a poor texture. And not only that, but the bran and germ (as I mentioned yesterday) both absorb more water than the endosperm alone, meaning a whole wheat dough will be drier than a white dough, if mixed in the same proportions. You can solve this problem by making a wetter dough, and letting it sit longer, therefore giving the brand and germ a chance to fully hydrate. But then, if it rises too much, the gluten will become overdeveloped (more on that later in the week! ), and that bread will also have a poor texture. So what can be done? Luckily, there’s a few simple ways to overcome the hurdles presented by a 100% whole grain bread. I’ll discuss some additional ways in the next few days, and focus on this one for today: if you can’t beat ’em, join ’em. So you’ll never make a perfectly airy baguette with only whole wheat flour. Let’s aim a little differently, and go for a great American-style sandwich bread instead. Try working with what whole wheat flour gives you, instead of forcing it to do something it never will. When making a good sandwich, one doesn’t want giant holes in a slice of bread, since your ingredients will fall out. Whole wheat bread will never make giant holes! Perfect! Additionally, while a hard crust makes for a fabulous bread to eat on its own, it becomes a difficult obstacle to navigate in a sandwich. And how do we get a soft crust? By adding milk and butter to the dough, of course! Both of these ingredients contain fat, a. k.a. “shortening”, because it shortens gluten strands. This, in turn, means that we don’t have to worry so much about the bran cutting the gluten strands, since we’re trying to do that anyway. Win! This dough bakes into a tender, close-crumbed loaf, absolutely ideal for making sandwiches. You’ll never worry about errant bits of lettuce or mayonnaise falling out of big (but otherwise lovely) holes in your bread; nor will you have to fret about choosing flavor over nutrition – you get both with this one! One last thing: obviously, this bread contains none of the preservatives included in your average grocery-store sandwich bread. This is great for your body, but if you don’t plan on eating it within a day or two, I strongly recommend pre-slicing and freezing it. It will only take a minute to toast and thaw if prepared that way. But please, please, please, don’t refrigerate it! A refrigerator is just a big bread-staling machine! Commercially-produced breads can stand up to it, due to all their added dough conditioners and enhancers; but this wholesome little guy just has no defense. Treat your bread properly – it’s there to nourish you! 100% Whole Wheat Sandwich Bread Adapted from King Arthur Flour Makes 1 loaf 2 1/4 teaspoons instant yeast (1 package) 1 1/2 teaspoons salt 3 tablespoons brown sugar 3/4 cup instant mashed potato flakes 16 ounces (about 3 3/4 cups) whole wheat flour, divided 1 cup hot milk (120º to 130º F) 1/2 cup orange juice 5 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted 1. In the bowl of a stand mixer, whisk together the yeast, salt, sugar, potato flakes, and 14 ounces (about 3 1/4 cups) of the flour, setting the remaining flour aside. Add the milk, orange juice, and butter. Using the dough hook and scraping the bowl as necessary, mix at low speed until the dough forms a cohesive ball, about 6 or 7 minutes. Add the reserved 2 ounces flour as needed to achieve the proper consistency (the dough should be slightly sticky, but not at all liquidy; see note 1 below). Increase the speed to medium-low and mix for 1 minute more, until some gluten strands begin to form. 2. Turn the dough out onto a floured surface, and knead a few times until it forms a smooth round. Transfer the dough to a lightly-oiled bowl, cover, and let rest in a warm place about 45 minutes. The dough should not quite double in size. 3. Lightly oil a 9 x 5 inch loaf pan. Without punching down, turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface. Gently press and roll the dough into a loaf shape (it will deflate a little; this is okay), pressing the seam to seal. Tuck the ends under, and set the dough in the prepared pan, seam side down. Cover loosely with oiled plastic wrap, and let rise another 45 to 60 minutes, or until not quite doubled in size. Preheat the oven to 350º F. 4. Bake the bread at 350º F for 10 minutes. Loosely tent the bread with aluminum foil, and bake for an additional 30 minutes, or until golden brown and an instant-read thermometer registers 190º F in the middle of the loaf. Remove from the pan and let cool on a rack thoroughly before slicing. 1. If your weather is very dry, you may not need to add any of the reserved flour; but if your weather is humid, you may need to add all of it. 2. You can rub the finished loaf, hot from the oven, with a bit of butter to ensure a soft crust and pretty shine, if you like. 3. FYI, the orange juice is in there to reduce bitterness produced by a less-than-perfectly-immaculate whole wheat flour, and doesn’t impart any flavor of its own. If you have a pristine, ground-that-morning whole wheat flour, you should substitute water instead; otherwise, I recommend using it. 4. This bread should be eaten within a day or two, stored at room temperature; otherwise, it should be sliced and frozen, wrapped tightly.

010_5403794

For many new or intermediate database developers, it’s difficult to know where to start when designing a relational database. It’s easy to make the mistake of assuming that the functionality of a database will take shape over time, or the design will fall into place as you build the database. This course introduces a process for effectively planning and designing a functional, efficient database. Knowing how to plan a relational database is important to the success of the databases you create. Without planning, you cannot possibly know what the database needs to do, or even what information to include in the database. Planning a database is essential and prevents the extra work of fixing data maintenance problems later on. The concepts are not specific to a particular software application and can be applied to any relational database management system. - Lesson 1: Getting Started with Relational Database Design - Topic A: Identify Database Components - Topic B: Identify Common Database Design Problems - Topic C: Follow a Database Design Process - Topic D: Gather Requirements - Lesson 2: Defining the Database Conceptual Model - Topic A: Create the Conceptual Model - Topic B: Identify Entity Relationships - Lesson 3: Defining the Database Logical Model - Topic A: Identify Columns - Topic B: Identify Primary Keys - Topic C: Identify and Diagram Relationships - Lesson 4: Normalizing Data - Topic A: Avoid Common Database Design Errors - Topic B: Comply with Higher Normal Forms - Lesson 5: Finalizing the Database Design - Topic A: Adapt the Physical Model for Different Systems - Topic B: Ensure Referential Integrity - Topic C: Ensure Data Integrity at the Column Level - Topic D: Ensure Data Integrity at the Table Level - Topic E: Design for the Cloud At the end of this program, you will be able to: - Follow an efficient process for designing a relational database - Define the database conceptual model - Define the database logical model - Apply database normalization methods to improve the initial design of a database - Complete the database design, including controls to ensure its referential integrity and data integrity RecommendationsTo ensure your success in this course, you should have fundamental computer skills. This course is designed for individuals who need to learn database design essentials, typically in preparation for, or as a supplement to, a course on SQL such as SQL Querying: Fundamentals and courses on specific relational database platforms. Applies Towards the Following Certificates - Data Scientist-Database Management : Data Scientist-Database Management

005_2723807

Through video students can be taken on a journey around the world, see places with a real world context. Students can experience the pyramids in Egypt, a trip into space, famine in Africa, the colours and sounds of extinct species, and remote wilderness half way around the globe (Griffin, 2009). These journeys can be engaging and authentic, and encourage deeper understanding and higher order thinking about diverse cultures and the differences in their way of life. Before using video in the classroom, specific outcomes should be determined and scaffolding of a lesson to be planned. The video is most effective if used as an enhancement to the lesson to provide engagement, relational and instructional information. It is ideal to keep the videos to a minimum to remain effective, as stated previously on my blog, these tools are not a substitute for good teaching pedagogy. Video can also be used within the classroom through the use of technologies such as video cameras. During the last unit of work at a placement school, video cameras were used to film students role playing an advertisement for a toy they had constructed out of recycled materials. They were provided with a criteria and brainstorming sessions about effective advertising prior to filming. Once filmed the students downloaded the footage onto movie maker adding music introductions and credits. The completed advertisements along with the original toy were viewed by parents on culminating day. The project was extremely successful and proving the theory of engagement where students must be meaningfully engaged in learning activities through interaction with others and worthwhile tasks, which is facilitated by the use of technologies (Kearsley, Shneiderman, 1999). The task provided the intimate use of technology and collaborative tasks which when intertwined proved to be highly engaging and meaningful. Griffin, L., (2009). Using Video in the Classroom. Retrieved 16 August, 2009, from: Kearsley, G., Shneiderman, B., (1999). Engagement Theory: A framework for technology-based teaching and learning. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://home.sprynet.com/~gkearsley/engage. htm

012_3544879

Questions about Egypt Pyramids? pyramids in Egypt facts who built the pyramids? how the pyramids built? how old are the pyramids? The date of the pyramid built around 2560 BC how many pyramids in Egypt? Egypt has more than 100 pyramids The Pyramids of Giza are among the most important tourist attractions in Cairo and even around the world. It is one of the largest and most important archaeological buildings built throughout history for the wonders of its engineering and its magnitude. We remind you of the most important pyramids: The Great Pyramid of Giza 146. 5 meters (481 feet) long ago 138. 8 m (455 ft), currently Base 230. 4 m (756 ft) Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt’s largest pyramids, The pyramid of Khufu, which belongs to Khufu, who is behind his father Sinfru, and his mother is Queen Hattab Haras I, which dates back to 2650 BC, the abbreviated name of Khannum Kho Foy. It is Khenum who protects me. History tells Khufu that it is the greatest building on the face of the earth. The largest pyramid of Giza, and is the only remaining miracle of the seven wonders of the old world. Its grandeur is not only due to the enormity of its construction but also to its impressive internal layout. It built around him a cemetery with small pyramids for his wife and mother, surrounded by the pyramid of King Khufu Sur, whose remains still exist in the eastern and northern regions, at a distance of 20 meters from the base of the pyramid The original height of the Great Pyramid is 146 meters and currently, it is about 137 meters long and the length of its base is 230 meters. As for the weight of the stones, it ranges between tons and eight tons or more. You can also visit the Khufu ship which was called the ” Solar Boat”. In 1954, at the base of the Great Pyramid, the Egyptian archaeologist Kamal Al-Malakh discovered two perforated cisterns at the base of the southern Khufu pyramid. At the bottom of one of them found a disjointed vessel of cedarwood, the number of parts of the vessel was 1224 pieces, not missing any part, including five pairs of paddles, two steering fins, and a cabin. Pyramid of Chephren is the middle pyramid between the pyramids of Egypt. It was built by King Khafra, the fourth king of the fourth family, the son of King Khufu. He married Princess Maras Ankh, 26 years old, and built the second pyramids of Giza, which is lower than the Khufu pyramid. The 136 m high is built on an area of 215 square meters and still retains part of its external exterior. In his pyramid collection he found statues of cast stone in the temple of the private valley, including a statue of the most beautiful produced by the Egyptian sculpture, which is now located in the Egyptian Museum, and attributed to him the rock sculpture Sphinx statue, Khafra launched on his pyramid name (the great). Built by the pharaoh Mycrenos , the son of King Chephren , the length of each side of the rib 108 meters and height of 65 meters, the entrance rises about 4 meters above the surface of the earth, and built of limestone, but Munkra chose to build the lower part of granite that was brought from Aswan by river Nile, and found in one of the corridors of the pyramid wooden coffin with the name of Minker and his mummies, a mummified mummy is now reserved in the British Museum. To the south of the area is ” Menkara “, there are three pyramids dedicated to the kingdoms stretching east to west of the first pyramid, especially the queen of the second wife of the second wife of King Munkra. He called (Menkera) on the pyramid name (Holy) One of the most important tourist sites in Cairo. the statue of a mythical creature with the body of a lion and a human head, believed to be ancient Egyptians built during the reign of Pharaoh Khafre 2558-2532 BC, located on the Giza plateau on the West Bank of the Nile in Giza, Cairo, Within the pyramids of Giza, it is the oldest known large carvings The Great Sphinx of Giza and the successor of the Pyramid of Khafra. Sphinx in Giza and behind the Great Pyramid, Pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu. The Sphinx is a statue of a mythical creature with the body of a lion and a human head carved from limestone. probably covered with a layer of plaster. The traces of the original colors are still visible next to one of its ears. Located on the Giza plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, the Sphinx is also a guardian of the plateau. It is the oldest known monumental sculpture, about 73. 5 meters long, 15 meters in length, 19. 3 meters in length, and 20 meters above the surface of the head. It believed that the ancient Egyptians built it during the reign of Pharaoh Khafre (2558-2532 BC), builder of the second pyramid in Giza. Head of the Sphinx. It believed that the statue of the Sphinx was a stone before King Khafra thought of his sculpture in the form of a statue. Book Now: Pyramids day tour The pyramid of Saqqara also named: ” Step Pyramid ” of Zoser Pyramid, In related to King Zoser, one of the Pharaohs of the third family ruled Egypt. It is a huge limestone building built in 2816 BC, width of about 110 M And the length of the base about 130 m, and the height of about 60 m, It is one of the oldest pyramids in the world. The pyramid consists of 6 terraces It has many rooms, corridors, mezzanine, and doors with engravings for Zoser King, There is also a statue of King Zoser sitting on his throne and The pyramid contains two plants where my daughter Zoser was buried. Tomb of Ti The Tomb of Ti . is located in the northern region of Saqqara. is one of the pyramids of Egypt and one of three pyramids built by Pharaoh Sinfero. Called the pyramid slant where he began to build the pyramid to rise at an angle of 58 degrees, and when the construction of the pyramid almost half height, it decided to build the top at an angle of 43 degrees. According to the technique, Sinfero and his engineers have built a complete pyramid with new technology in the town of Maidum called the Red Pyramid. The construction of the sloping pyramid took 14 years, and it seems that he did not like Senefro and decided to build the red pyramid according to the experience learned by his engineers when building the slanting pyramid. He chose the place for his pyramid, which buried about 2 kilometers north of the sloping pyramid in the town of Dahshur. When building the sloping pyramid between the pyramid of stones with geostationary angles estimated at 59 degrees. It is likely that by constructing such a structure, construction began to sink because of the stone loads. Also, the large nook causes a sharp rise in the pyramid to make it harder to complete and build the upper part of it. To remedy this problem, engineers built reinforced walls that made the 55-degree slope of construction unfinished. They then completed construction at a curved angle of 43 degrees, making it called the Bent Pyramid. Thus the technique of building the pyramids discovered by placing horizontal floors of stones. Each square layer of stone topped with a lower layer in the area with a tilt angle of 52 degrees, rather than a 55 or 43-degree angle, as in the case of the curved pyramid. This shape became the full shape of the pyramid as we know it today. The Red Pyramid built by Pharaoh ” Sinfro “, the father of King Khufu in ” Dahshur ” near Cairo is the top three main pyramids in Dahshur. It called red for the red rust layer above its stones, the third largest Egyptian pyramid after the pyramids of Khufu and Khafra, which built in the city of Giza. The Red Pyramid built at the highest stone building in the world. Local people call it the “bent pyramid. ”

004_2176252

My Experiences Dating With Cystic Fibrosis | The Mighty Cystic fibrosis patients' lungs become colonized with bacteria as time goes by, and once those bacteria get in there, it's almost impossible to eradicate them. Although cystic fibrosis is a rare disease, in some schools there may be more than one person with CF present. Germs are a major concern for people with CF, but there are steps you can take to help students and faculty with CF lower the risk of cross infection. Despite significant. Cystic fibrosis, or CF, is an inherited disease caused by a defective The sad but true news is that cystic fibrosis patients do pose a threat to. Я был ослеплен своими амбициями! - Cystic Fibrosis patients can’t risk health by meeting in person, but now have online hangout - You’ll need a new login link. - A real 'Fault in Our Stars' couple Увы, и все его тело сразу же обмякло, такое уже случалось, но спокойно, затем из автомата в аэропорту и еще раз - из морга. Танкадо рассказал о своем тайном партнере в печати!

012_5262805

Our Germplasm Resources Unit (GRU) have recently repatriated to India more than 600 wheat landraces which are currently not in cultivation. The GRU is an internationally recognised repository for the long-term curation and provision of crop and crop-wild-relative germplasm resources and stores germplasm collections representing the global natural variation of highly important cultivated species and their wild relatives. As well as being a vital contribution which will feed into India’s future wheat breeding efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change, the return of seeds has cultural significance. Historically, India had contributed a huge amount of plant genetic resources to the global agricultural research community. The country’s varied geography, diverse ecosystems and rich agricultural heritage have developed this valuable international germplasm resource. Many accessions of Indian-origin material, held globally, such as the collection at GRU, are traditional varieties or landraces with defined traits and form the backbone of crop gene pools and breeding programmes. For example, a 2015 study, found that our own Germplasm Resource Unit was the third largest national holder of Indian Germplasm outside of India, a total of 1,714 accessions. The collection of this material continued until the 1970s, and includes a mixture of cultivars, landraces and breeders’ lines from various sources including local markets. The GRU wanted to help repay India’s generosity by responding to a request by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR) for germplasm that had either become extinct in its homeland or was unknown if it was represented in Indian collections. To that end, 620 Indian wheat landraces were repatriated to India from GRU, material that may no longer be grown locally or held in the gene banks of India. “On the cultural aspect, this is like returning a work of art, or local creations. Unlike the Rosetta stone in the British museum, seeds can be easily replicated. It means that we can share it for the benefit of those who created it and of those who saved and conserved it and beyond to support global food security” explained Germplasm Resource Unit Manager Dr Noam Chayut. The materials sent to India from the GRU will now be used there for breeding projects aiming to mitigate the effects of climate change by developing wheat varieties suitable for elevating temperatures. “India has initiated genotyping and phenotyping of most of its Plant Genetic Resources for trait and gene discovery. These 620 accessions will be a part of more than 7,000 accessions that are being genotyped and phenotyped for large number of agronomically important traits” added Dr Kuldeep Singh, Director of the ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources in New Delhi, India. With 70% of its rural population still depending on agriculture for their daily subsistence and livelihoods, genetic resources such as these locally adapted wheat landraces, are invaluable to future plant breeding efforts in India.

007_3556921

The image of Jesus’ death is well-known around the world, portrayed in artwork, statues and movies. But are popular conceptions supported by the Bible? Two years ago I visited Europe and toured some of the greatest museums in the world—particularly the Louvre (in Paris) and the Vatican Museums (in Vatican City). As I perused room after room of art, I was struck by the frequency of one particular theme: the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Though varying slightly by artist and era, nearly all images had certain similarities: Jesus’ arms outstretched on a t-shaped cross with relatively minor wounds (usually a few drops of blood from the crown of thorns and a small wound in His side). Jesus’ crucifixion is not just an iconic image, it is central to Christianity. But do the images and ideas from art and religion really reflect what the Bible says about His gruesome death? Sadly, many fictions about Christ’s death have crept into modern Christianity. In this article we’ll refer to them as crucifictions. Crucifiction 1: Jesus definitely died on a t-shaped cross. Nearly every image of Jesus’ death portrays His arms outstretched, nailed to the crossbeam of a cross. Because of this belief, the image of the cross has become the primary symbol of the Christian religion. People are often surprised to learn that the Bible doesn’t say Jesus died on a cross. But people are often surprised to learn that the Bible doesn’t say Jesus died on a cross. Now before you do a concordance search and email me about the 28 times the word cross is used in the New Testament, please read on. Remember that the original New Testament books were written mostly in Greek. When referring to the execution instrument, the New Testament writers used the Greek word stauros. Over a thousand years later, translators like John Wycliffe and William Tyndale decided to use the word cross to translate stauros into English. The problem is that stauros doesn’t mean cross. Bible lexicons will point out that the literal meaning of the word is an upright stake or a pole. In five other scriptures, Luke and Peter described the device using the word xylon (also transliterated xulon), which literally means tree or wood. The point is, the New Testament writers didn’t call it a cross—translators did. The original writers used words that describe an upright wooden beam. If Christ was crucified on an upright pole, His arms and hands would have been nailed above His head instead of being outstretched horizontally. But the Bible is not absolutely specific on the shape of the device, which should be a clue that God didn’t intend us to use its shape as a symbol or object of worship. Crucifiction 2: Jesus and the thief went to heaven that day. This myth is based on a misinterpretation of a statement Jesus made in Luke 23:43. While hanging on a stauros, one of the thieves next to Him recognized the injustice of Jesus’ death sentence and asked Jesus to remember him when He entered His Kingdom (verse 42). Jesus, recognizing there was still hope for this man, replied, as the New King James Version translates it, “Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise” (verse 43). Because of this statement, many people believe the souls of Jesus and the thief ascended to heaven that same day. Interestingly, this idea contradicts another commonly held belief—that Jesus went to hell to preach to sinners after His death. Obviously, both ideas can’t be right. In fact, both of them are wrong. It is easy to prove that Jesus didn’t go to heaven on that day. Jesus plainly said, three days later after His resurrection, that He had “not yet ascended to My Father [in heaven]” (John 20:17, emphasis added throughout). The problem with Jesus’ statement to the thief is not His statement, but the assumptions made by translators when they added punctuation years later. So how can this apparent contradiction be solved? Read it again: “Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.” Notice, the placement of the comma before today. In the original Greek there are no commas; translators added them later. If instead the comma is placed after today (“Assuredly, I say to you today, you will be with Me in Paradise”), we see that Jesus was at that moment (“today”) saying to the man that in a future resurrection they would be together in paradise—meaning the future rule of Christ on earth. For a more thorough explanation of this verse, read “Thief on the Cross: What Happened to Him? ” Crucifiction 3: Jesus was crucified on a Friday. Every year, thousands around the world observe Good Friday to commemorate Jesus’ death. The common belief is that Jesus died late on Friday afternoon, was in the tomb throughout Saturday and was resurrected early on Sunday morning. But this timeline does not fit what Jesus said. Jesus gave a specific sign as proof that He was the Messiah: “An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth” (Matthew 12:39-40). He would be dead, but would rise to life again after three full days entombed in the earth (12 hours of daylight plus 12 hours of nighttime per day multiplied by three days, equaling 72 hours). But if He died on Friday afternoon and rose on Sunday morning, He did not fulfill this sign because it’s impossible to fit 72 hours in this time frame. There is a key that many overlook. Most consider the fact that Jesus died before the Sabbath to be proof He died on Friday. But John’s Gospel adds a small detail most ignore: “Therefore, because it was the Preparation Day, that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away” (John 19:31). The Sabbath following Jesus’ death was not a normal weekly Sabbath (Saturday). It was actually a “high day”—an annual Sabbath (Leviticus 23:6-7). This annual Sabbath could fall on other days of the week. When we put all the evidence together, it becomes clear that Jesus was crucified on a Wednesday and rose exactly three days and three nights later. For more details on how to correctly calculate the time Jesus was in the tomb, read the article in this issue “How Do You Count Three Days and Three Nights? ” See also on our website “Sign of Jonah: Did Jesus Die Good Friday, Rise on Easter? ” and download our free chart “Chronology of Christ’s Crucifixion and Resurrection.” Replace the fictions The sacrificial death of Jesus Christ is not only the path to forgiveness of our sins, but the starting point of God’s plan of salvation. That is why it is so important we clearly understand it with no fictions attached. The best place to start is by going to the Gospel accounts and reading what they actually say (Matthew 26-27; Mark 15; Luke 23; John 19). We also recommend you read our articles on the truth and significance of Jesus Christ’s death: “The Crucifixion of Jesus,” “The Greatest Sacrifice Ever” and “Why Jesus Had to Die.”

011_1305823

Question: Suspend VS hibernate in Linux, what is the difference? Suspend stops operation of all applications and system state is saved in RAM, the machine go into a low-power mode, in this state, the system still requires power . Various triggers can resume the machine, among them pressing a key or quickly pressing and releasing the power button. Command to suspend Computer/Laptop Hibernate Moves the contents of memory into swap, tells the bootloader to boot directly into the appropriate kernel, and shuts the machine down, in this state, the system does not require power. You turn on the machine by powering up, which causes the kernel to reload the contents of memory from swap. Command to Hibernate computer/ Laptop For questions, feel free to post your questions in our Q/A forum http://ask.unixmen.com

008_529245

Acoustical study of the playing characteristics of brass wind instruments Logie, Shona Mary MetadataShow full item record When assessing the quality of a brass instrument the player must consider a number of factors, the main consideration being the playability of the chosen instrument. The playability of an instrument is a broad term used to describe how well the instrument plays; this includes how in tune the resonant modes are, how easy it is to start and move between notes, how easy it is to bend notes and the degree of spectral enrichment during a crescendo that is able to be produced. The starting transient is known to be of crucial importance for both the musician and listener, and previous work in the field has been mainly concerned with such starting transients; this work focusses on inter-note transitions. Transitions between notes include both starting and finishing transients as the initial note is ended and the next begun. Using high speed photography images synchronised with pressure signals from the mouthpiece and bell end, the internote transitions are explored. Results from these experiments are compared with those from a simple one dimensional time domain model. Other techniques used to determine the playability of a specific instrument include the rate at which the instrument timbre becomes `brassy' due to nonlinear effects, that are a consequence of loud playing. The relative significance of viscothermal wall losses and nonlinear effects within realistic brass instruments have been explored here using experiments on cylindrical tubes of different internal diameters. These experimental results are compared with results from a computational model that uses weakly nonlinear wave propagation theory and includes viscothermal losses. It is also possible on some brass instruments, when playing loudly, to achieve what are known as super high notes; these notes are above the frequency where the instrument has well defined resonances. Experimental results are presented here using optical techniques to visualise the motion of the player's lips during playing of these super high notes.

010_5403173

While it has always been widely known that gymnasts often develop close friendships, especially when they have reached the team level, a 1996 scientific study by Wiess, Smith and Theeboom investigate the topic in depth. How To Win Friends One of the interesting aspects of the study is that it points the way for how gymnasts can actively take steps build and maintain close friendships and relationships on their gymnastics team or in their gymnastics program. Only Other Gymnasts Can Really Understand You Gymnastics is such a specialized sport that often the only ones who understand the amount of work and difficulty of what gymnasts are doing and the specifics of the sport are other gymnasts. Even parents often don’t understand just what their gymnasts are going though. Only Gymnasts and Coaches Really Understand the Sport The rules of the sport are complicated and the number of skills and combinations so numerous that friends outside the gym and parents often cannot understand the intricacies and complexities of the sport enough to be able to keep up in a gymnastics conversation. No Time To Waste The amount of hours many gymnasts spend in the gym often isolates them from their school mates and friends outside the gym and keep them from participating in the perhaps less important but more common social activities like going to the mall, talking on the phone and hanging out. Learn How To Build Friendships in the Gym This makes gym friendships important for gymnasts to develop and maintain. It is also very likely that a good number of the friends a gymnast has will be other gymnasts. It can be useful and instructive to know the dimensions of gym friendships and to know what steps can take to build and maintain them. The Daily Dozen of Friendship Building Tools The study identified “12 positive friendship dimensions: companionship, pleasant play/association, self-esteem enhancement, help and guidance, pro-social behavior, intimacy, loyalty, things in common, attractive personal qualities, emotional support, absence of conflicts, and conflict resolution. ” These characteristics are and can be used by gymnasts to foster good friendships. Each of these factors could be used to establish gymnastic friendships in the gym. To be or become popular in the gym, gymnasts should direct these behavior characteristics toward everyone on the team and specifically toward those they wish to develop close friendships with. Spend Time Together Companionship refers to taking an interest in other gymnasts, spending time with and keeping company with them. Time together breeds friendship and familiarity and gymnasts can work out together and spend workout time together. Smile and Be Positive What the study described as pleasant play association could in the case of gymnasts be taken to describe working out while maintaining a positive and enjoyable manner. Everyone likes people who are in a good mood, have a smile on their face and are easy to get along with. Pay Attention to Your Friends Self-esteem enhancement means taking an interest in and complimenting other gymnasts frequently. Paying attention to other gymnasts and giving them positive feedback not only builds friendships, but is likely to improve your teammates performances. One of the most important aspects of building a friendship involves paying attention to the other person and being aware of their actions, feeling and thoughts. Give a Helping Hand Providing help and guidance, by offering positive suggestions and assistance when asked to, is both a sign of a good teammate and a good friend. Passing on tips that the coach has given you that may apply to your friend(s) improves their gymnastics training and makes for a good friend. Spend Time Together Outside the Gym Pro-social behavior refers to attempts to participate in non-gymnastics activities together outside of the gym. Actively working to spend time together outside of the gym shows your interest and commitment to friendship and further increases the amount of time you spend with your chosen friend(s) from the gym. Share and Learn to Keep a Secret Intimacy is the extent to which you share in, and keep confidential, personal matters with your friends and teammates. As we mentioned, other gymnasts are often the only ones who truly understand what gymnasts are going through and can and do serve as confidantes to their friends and teammates. As always, do not keep secret from coaches or parents behaviors which are dangerous to other gymnasts. Be a Friend All the Time and Everywhere and With Anybody Team and gym loyalty is the extent to which gymnasts support each other at all times. One of the conflict situations that can occur which demonstrates this character trait best is when gymnasts are in a social situation with both their friends form the gym and with schoolmates or friends from outside the gym. True friends maintain loyalty to their teammates and friends outside of their exclusive group. Share Your Gymnastics A built in characteristic of gym friends and friendships is having things in common and associating with friends who have similar likes and dislikes. Gymnasts have their sport in common and their team and gym in common which is a built-in commonality. Be All You Can Be Having attractive personal qualities means working on being the nicest person that one can possibly be. In a competitive environment, some gymnasts have trouble balancing these two qualities. “Nice guys” don’t finish last. They are just better and more enjoyable friends and teammates. The perfect gymnastic relationship is often to be friendly, supportive and competitive. This can allow your friends and teammates to be pushed by your accomplishments and to better themselves in the long run by keeping up or being competitive. Providing emotional support to teammates involves assisting and comforting your friends and teammates when needed. Gymnasts, however, must be careful to not reinforce negative thinking and behaviors in their teammates like commiserating with gymnasts who are feeling sorry for themselves or are exhibiting quitting behavior or giving up. Coaches sometimes also set guidelines as to how they want gymnasts to support each other, which probably need to be followed (assuming they are reasonable, rational and not just controlling). Friendships benefit from the absence of conflicts in which teammates do not fight but seek independent resolutions to disagreements. The gym situation has a built in moderator in cases like this in the form of the coach. Problems can and often should be presented to the coach for resolution. Coaches are also often useful for providing conflict resolution and establishing rules for solving conflicts within the gym. Examine Your Friendship Behaviors Logically, undesirable friendship characteristics involve doing the opposite of the above positive friendship and behavioral characteristics. The study also identified four negative friendship characteristics: conflict, unattractive personal qualities, betrayal, and inaccessibility. Gymnasts need to examine themselves and their behaviors to ensure they are not engaging in such negative behaviors. There is Nothing Better Than a Good Friend Our personal experience reinforces the fact that deep and lifelong friendships can be developed in the gym. As with anything of value, friendships require care and attention to flourish and grow. Actively work on and work to maintain your friendships in the gym. Be a good friend and you will have many good friends.

010_990882

Just about all freshwater aquarium fish reproduce sexually-that is, by combining egg and sperm—but the process by which that occurs, and the rearing of fry that follows, will vary widely from one species to another. Some fish are monogamous (at least during the course of a single breeding cycle), while others will spawn with numerous partners. Some guard their eggs or young, while others are seemingly oblivious to them-or even go so far as to eat them. Generally speaking, though, fish employ one of two reproductive strategies: They either lay eggs or give birth to live fry. This is the reproductive strategy most comparable to human reproduction. Female livebearers produce eggs, which the male fertilizes by touching his gonopodium to her vent or releasing sperm in it's vicinity. At the end of a gestational period (which can vary in length according to light and water temperature), the female delivers fully-developed fry. There are a few key differences between human reproduction and that of livebearers, however. For one thing, female livebearers are capable of having a lot more babies at once-often 100 or more, depending on species and the size of the mother. And unlike their human counterparts, many female livebearers can store sperm internally; after giving birth to one batch of fry, they use the stored sperm to fertilize another batch of eggs. In fact, it's not uncommon for a female to give birth to several batches of fry from a single insemination over a period of several months. That's one of the reasons female livebearers, such as guppies or platys, sometimes have what appears to be a virgin birth, delivering fry in tanks where there was no male present to have fathered them. Once the fry are born, their mother's job is done; she not only does not care for the babies, but she does not seem to recognize them as her offspring and may even try to eat them. This is by far the most common means of reproduction among fish. Unlike their livebearing counterparts, egg-laying fish do not fertilize or incubate their young internally. Rather, they release eggs and sperm into the water, and when the two come into contact with one another, fertilization takes place. Within the broad category of egg layers, however, fish employ a wide range of different reproductive strategies: Some scatter their eggs; some build nests for them; some deposit them on rocks, wood, or plants; some brood them in their mouths; and a few even bury them. Egg-scattering fish practice what could be thought of as the aquatic version of free love. They spawn in mid-water, with the females releasing eggs and the males simultaneously releasing a cloud of sperm-a process that can be so fast that it occurs in less than a second as the fish swim past one another. The breeding pair then goes on their separate ways, leaving their eggs to drift down through the water column and land where they may. Those that land in a protected site, such as a rock crevice, may hatch, while those that land in the open are often eaten by other fish, including their own parents. To compensate for this and to ensure that some of their eggs go on to hatch and the fry grow to adulthood, fish that spawn using this strategy tend to produce large numbers of eggs, typically numbering in the hundreds or even thousands. Zebra Danios, Neon Tetras, and Bala Sharks are examples of egg-scattering fish. Rather than spawn wherever they happen to be when the urge hits, egg depositors deliberately seek out a site in (or on) which to spawn. Some are known as plant choosers because they spawn in clumps of vegetation; others are called substrate choosers because they pick a site, such as a piece of wood or a rock, on which to lay their eggs. In the home aquarium, such fish sometimes consider just about anything to be "substrate," even spawning on the heater or the sides of the tank. Males of plant-spawning species typically chase or lure the female into a clump of vegetation or a spawning mop; once there, she releases her eggs either en masse or a few at a time, and he simultaneously releases sperm to fertilize them. Substrate choosers frequently clean off their designated spawning site together beforehand. Plant-spawning parents, such as rainbowfish and some species of killifish, are similar to egg scatterers in that they typically do not guard their eggs. Substrate spawners, however, sometimes do. Discus and angelfish are examples of substrate-choosing fish that guard their eggs. As their name indicates, mouthbrooders incubate their eggs and/or fry in their mouths to keep them safe from predators-a reproductive strategy that makes them one of the most interesting fish to breed. Typically, the process begins with the female depositing her eggs on a flat surface, such as a rock, where the male fertilizes them; one parent then gathers them in his or her mouth and incubates them. There are a couple of variations on this: In a few species of mouthbrooders, the female releases the eggs and picks them up immediately; the male then fertilizes them by releasing sperm into her mouth. And a few species of South American cichlids allow their eggs to hatch in a nest and then gather the fry in their mouths to protect them from predators as they grow-a technique known as delayed mouthbrooding. Usually, the female is the one who does the mouthbrooding; however, there are some species in which that task is relegated to the male and even a few in which both parents share in it equally. This strategy is known as biparental mouthbrooding. Cichlids are among the best-known examples of mouthbrooders, although there are other species that also practice this reproductive strategy, such as some species of bettas. Like birds, some fish build nests in which to lay and incubate their eggs. In most cases, either the mother or father remains with them to protect them until they hatch and the fry become free swimming. There are two different types of nesting strategies commonly employed by fish-bubble nesting and pit nesting. Bubble nesters construct elaborate floating nests of saliva bubbles, and in some cases, snippets of vegetation. The breeding pair spawns directly under it, and the fertilized eggs either float into the nest or are picked up by the male and spit into it. The male then guards the nest until the fry hatch and become free swimming. Bettas and gouramis are among the best-known bubble-nest builders. Pit nesters dig holes in the substrate in which to lay their eggs. The female releases them into the nest, and the male fertilizes them there. At least one of the parents then stands guard over the eggs, fanning fresh water over them with their fins, until the fry hatch and become free swimming. Many catfishes and some cichlids build pit nests in which to spawn. Some fish will only spawn in enclosed spaces such as caves or shells. A few fish even bury their eggs to protect them. Some killifish, for instance, deposit their eggs in the mud, then die when the water dries up. The eggs remain dormant in the substrate, hatching the following year, when the rainy season restores their habitat.

004_1358892

With flu season right around the corner, many families are doing whatever they can to protect themselves. For many families, simple prevention from handwashing is something that is overlooked. Proper handwashing techniques should be used all year round, but now is a great time to begin implanting good habits in yourself and your children. How Often Should You Wash Your Hands? Your hands should be washed often, but there’s no specific answer to this question. In addition to handwashing before preparing or eating food, you should be washing your hands anytime they’ve encountered an activity full of potential germs or bacteria. This may include after using the restroom, handling pets, blowing your nose, and more. If you shake hands or touch doorknobs a lot throughout the day, handwashing needs to happen even more frequently. If you’re unable to wash your hands as often as you should, hand-sanitizer is a great alternative. You should equip your children with portable hand-sanitizers to use throughout the school day as well. How Should You Wash Your Hands? Believe it or not, there is a right and a wrong way to wash your hands. You were probably taught how to wash your hands when you were younger properly, but with time terrible habits quickly develop. Follow these steps to achieve the best results from your hand washing: - Wet your hands with running water from the faucet, turn the faucet off to conserve water - Lather the soap between your hands. Be sure to get the soap between fingers, under fingernails, and across the back of your hands as well. - Scrub your hands for 20 seconds to thoroughly clean them. If you need help teaching your children what 20 seconds of scrubbing feels like, have them sing the happy birthday song in their head twice over. - Rinse your hands under running water, removing all soap. - Dry your hands using a towel or air dryer. Dry between your fingers as well. When it comes to hand washing in the home, be sure to replace the hand towel used to dry hands regularly. Failure to renew this towel regularly can lead to a buildup of germs and bacteria that will be spread back onto your hands and defeat the purpose of washing them. Now that you know how to wash your hands properly, you should share the tips with your family, friends, and coworkers to protect everyone around you!

007_1152473

I’ve got my pencil, I’ve got my paints, I’ve got my dreams. I am a writer, a creator, A game changer, A wall changer. In their book, Hey, Wall: A Story of Art and Community, author, Susan Verde and illustrator, John Parra create a story that shows the power of art, and the power of children to create change. A young boy describes a wall in his neighborhood as “cold, old, empty” where nobody wants to be. Working together with family, friends and neighbors, the author leads the challenge to fill the wall with “colors, creations and energy,” therefore transforming the street. There is so much to explore and think about in this engaging picture book. In “A Note from the Author” Susan Verde describes her fascination with street art, similar to the mural depicted in this book. You may want to check out Lola the Illustrator with your students. She is an eight year old girl “who is making her mark in the street art world through her murals. ” This can be used as another powerful example of children creating change through art. Teaching ideas provided by the author/publishing company

007_1020243

When we look at a photo of an open refrigerator, are we inside or outside the refrigerator? Historically, from the time when linear perspective was introduced, European artists in particular made it their task to establish a viewpoint for the viewer. This tradition has endured. In many public places you will see specific positions marked as ‘Viewing place’ or ‘Photography point’. A case in point is in the grounds of Laycock Abbey, once home to William Henry Fox Talbot, where at several places in the grounds there are frames, positioned in such a way as to suggest as an ‘ideal’ photograph of the landscape by defining a particular viewing point. However, not all artists are comfortable with the degree of constraint that either a strict perspective or a single defined viewing angle imposes and chose to rebel. A more contemporary approach is to allow considerable freedom in the creation of a work. It is acceptable to ignore the suggested ideal and use the wider space to spark alternative interpretations and options so that both the composer and the viewer can liberate new ideas. Tradition also determines that a composition is titled to aid the understanding and appreciation of the work. However, in many cases the author of the artwork is seen to bypass the expectation of the audience by simply choosing ‘Untitled’ for their work. This in itself is open to interpretation, it may be seen by some as lazy, others as arrogance and others again as leaving more space for the viewer’s imagination to build on the work. Titles though, can serve several purposes. Titles may be given to aid cataloguing, to identify exactly which of the numerous variations of a particular artist’s work it is. Sadly, too often, titles of visual artworks are merely literal descriptions. A simple statement of the obvious, potentially belittling the viewer by questioning their ability to identify, easily and simply, what is in front of them. Literal descriptions can also constrain the interpretation by the viewer by reinforcing in words the immediately available image hence narrowly channelling thought and providing a mental straitjacket. Another option is the careful selection of a title that is intended to add something to the work, such as a clue to the inspiration of the artist or a potential line of enquiry that could be followed by the viewer when contemplating it. The French philosopher Michel Foucault in his book The Order of Things analyses the relationship between language and visually perceived ‘reality’ with the example of a painting of Las Meninas by Diego Velázquez. “… the relation of language to painting is an infinite relation. It is not that words are imperfect, or that, when confronted by the visible, they prove insuperably inadequate. Neither can be reduced to the other’s terms: it is in vain that we say what we see; what we see never resides in what we say. And it is in vain that we attempt to show, by the use of images, metaphors, or similes, what we are saying; the space where they achieve their splendour is not that deployed by our eyes but that defined by the sequential elements of syntax. …” Foucault continues and suggests that naming depicted things can be merely an artifice. “… it gives us a finger to point with, in other words, to pass surreptitiously from the space where one speaks, to the space where one looks; in other words, to fold one over the other as though they were equivalents. But if one wishes to keep the relation of language to vision open, if one wishes to treat their incompatibility as a starting-point for speech instead of as an obstacle to be avoided, so as to stay as close as possible to both, then one must erase those proper names and preserve the infinity of the task. It is perhaps through the medium of this grey, anonymous language, always over-meticulous and repetitive because too broad, that the painting may, little by little, release its illuminations. ” Incidentally the title of the book in English is not a direct translation of the French title under which it was first published. It is however a direct translation of the title Foucault initially favoured when writing it. It is said that his editor influenced the choice of the French version. So, returning to the photograph of the refrigerator; there are several possibilities, or for some maybe only one, to answer two questions with regards to the photograph of the open refrigerator – What is depicted? and Where are we standing? Both depend on the perception of the viewer and that is shaped by their previous and current experiences. Is it a photograph of the refrigerator to be explored by an artist, engineer, marketeer, potential consumer or aficionado? An artist may be perceiving the photograph only as material with its texture, size, tonal balance and disposition of the depicted elements. Alternatively, another may be using the photograph to explore some special characteristics of the depicted refrigerator with no interest in specifics and qualities of photography as a means of expression. The major concern may be how well the photograph leverages the commercial possibilities of the item depicted or conversely, will the refrigerator meet the functional needs of me and my family? There also is a possibility that the focus of interest is concerned neither with the refrigerator nor the photograph but with the way refrigerators have been depicted using various medias, is it indeed a refrigerator or an objet? The number of possible conclusions can be numerous, depending on our standpoint. This is where a title can help or hinder tremendously. So, where do we stand? Of course, we are neither outside nor inside of the refrigerator because there is no refrigerator. “Ceci n’est pas un réfrigérateur. ” William Henry Fox Talbot (11 February 1800 – 17 September 1877) was an English scientist, inventor and photography pioneer who invented a process he called calotype, essentially a precursor to photographic processes of the later 19th and 20th centuries. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (French: Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines) Pg10, Paul-Michel Foucault, first published in 1966 éditions Gallimard. The quote is a fragment on analysis of the painting by Diego Velasquez, Las Meninas (1656). The chapter Las Meninas from this book is a pivotal text and a good suggestion for anybody trying to acquire understanding of the relationship between language and visually perceived ‘reality’. Michel Foucault also wrote an essay Ceci n’est pas une pipe which was a contemplation on a painting by René Magritte, La trahison des images (Ceci n’est pas une pipe).

010_3704893

BOSTON — The hardy, invasive kudzu vine, introduced to this country decades ago to control soil erosion, could have what it takes to curb binge drinking, new research suggests. Kudzu, an ever-expanding plant considered a pest in much of the South, appears to contain a compound that can be effective in reducing alcohol intake among humans. Researcher Scott Lukas did not have any trouble rounding up volunteers for his study, published in this month’s issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. Lukas’ team at Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital set up a makeshift “apartment” in a laboratory, complete with a television, reclining chair and a refrigerator stocked with beer. Findings show that subjects who took kudzu drank an average of 1. 8 beers per session, compared with the 3. 5 beers consumed by those who took a placebo. Lukas was not certain why but speculated that kudzu increases blood alcohol levels and speeds up its effects. More simply put, the subjects needed fewer beers to feel drunk. “That rapid infusion of alcohol is satisfying them and taking away their desire for more drinks,” Lukas said. “That’s only a theory. It’s the best we’ve got so far. ” In 2003, David Overstreet and other scientists found the herb to be effective in reducing alcohol intake on rats. “There’s a lot of anecdotal evidence from China that kudzu could be useful, but this is the first documented evidence that it could reduce drinking in humans,” said Overstreet, who described Lukas’ work “groundbreaking. ” Lukas recruited 14 men and women in their 20s to spend four 90-minute sessions consuming beer and watching TV. Researchers selected people who said they regularly consumed three to four drinks per day. After the first session, some subjects received capsules of kudzu, others a placebo. Don't miss these Health stories More women opting for preventive mastectomy - but should they be? Rates of women who are opting for preventive mastectomies, such as Angeline Jolie, have increased by an estimated 50 percent in recent years, experts say. But many doctors are puzzled because the operation doesn't carry a 100 percent guarantee, it's major surgery -- and women have other options, from a once-a-day pill to careful monitoring. - Larry Page's damaged vocal cords: Treatment comes with trade-offs - Report questioning salt guidelines riles heart experts - CDC: 2012 was deadliest year for West Nile in US - What stresses moms most? Themselves, survey says - More women opting for preventive mastectomy - but should they be? “Unbeknownst to them, I was weighing that mug of beer every time they took a sip,” Lukas said. “We actually got a sip-by-sip analysis of their drinking behavior. ” None of the subjects had any side effects from mixing kudzu with beer. “It’s perfectly safe, from what we can tell,” Lukas said. “Individuals reported feeling a little more tipsy or lightheaded, but not enough to make them walk into walls or stumble and fall. ” Reduce alcohol cravings Though kudzu won’t turn drinkers into teetotalers, Lukas said, he hopes it can help heavy drinkers to cut back. “That way, they’re a lot closer to being able to cut down completely,” he said. Lukas’ study was inspired by Dr. Wing Ming Keung, a pathology professor at Harvard Medical School who has studied kudzu’s potential medical applications. Keung, not directly involved in Lukas’ study, said he has extracted a compound from kudzu root that he hopes to turn into a drug for reducing alcoholics’ cravings. “The most urgent need is helping people who cannot help themselves, who need a drug to help them stop drinking,” Keung said. © 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

002_1698500

antiphon(redirected from Antiphon (in the Greek Church)) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal. Antiphon(ăn`tĭfŏn, –fən), c. 479–411 B.C., Athenian orator. He rarely spoke in public but wrote defenses for others to speak. Of his 15 extant orations 3 were for use in court, the rest probably for the instruction of his pupils. A few fragments of other speeches survive. Antiphon did much to advance Attic prose writing. His position in politics was with the conservative aristocrats, and he was instrumental in setting up the Four Hundred in 411 B.C. When they fell, Antiphon was among the first to be executed before AlcibiadesAlcibiades , c. 450–404 B.C., Athenian statesman and general. Of the family of Alcmaeonidae, he was a ward of Pericles and was for many years a devoted attendant of Socrates. He turned to politics after the Peace of Nicias (421 B.C. . . . . . Click the link for more information. returned. See R. K. Sprague, The Older Sophists (1972); Antiphon and Lysias (tr. by M. Edwards and S. Usher, 1985). antiphon(ăn`tĭfən), in Roman Catholic liturgical music, generally a short text sung before and after a psalm or canticle. The main use is in group singing of the Divine Office in a monastery. However, the sung introit, offertory, and communion verses of the Mass are also antiphons, whose psalms have for the most part disappeared. Certain festival chants, sung preparatory to the Mass itself, are called antiphons. There are also the four antiphons of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which are in the nature of office hymns and are sung by alternating choirs (i. e., antiphonally), each one belonging to a certain portion of the year. The best known of these is Salve Regina, of whose text there are many polyphonic settings. Modern antiphons are set to composed music rather than plainsongplainsong the unharmonized chant of the medieval Christian liturgies in Europe and the Middle East; usually synonymous with Gregorian chant, the liturgical music of the Roman Catholic Church. . . . . . Click the link for more information. . These are independent choral works for which the English term anthemanthem [ultimately from antiphon], short nonliturgical choral composition used in Protestant services, usually accompanied and having an English text. The term is used in a broader sense for "national anthems" and for the Latin motets still used occasionally in Anglican services. . . . . . Click the link for more information. was derived from antiphon. 1. a short passage, usually from the Bible, recited or sung as a response after certain parts of a liturgical service 2. a psalm, hymn, etc. , chanted or sung in alternate parts

005_6752405

In recent years, the importance of IQ has taken something of a downturn. With the rise of cutting-edge research by Daniel Goleman, emotional intelligence has come to the fore. Emotional intelligence is also referred to as EQ, or EIQ, which stand for emotional quotient and emotional intelligence quotient, respectively. In brief, emotional intelligence refers to one’s ability to observe the emotions of themselves and others. If you are able to tell different emotions apart, that is a sign of a decent EQ. If you have a broad emotional vocabulary, you probably have a good EQ. If you can use your emotions as information, and harness that information to direct your thoughts and behaviour (rather than responding reactively to all of your emotions), then you likely have a very good EQ. Emotional intelligence represents the crossroads between intellectual and intuitive ability. It’s the point at which empathy meats cognition and is reflective of an individual’s capacity to navigate the dynamics of interpersonal relationships. Read on to discover why it’s so highly valued in modern workplaces, and how to improve your EQ. Emotional Intelligence Matters More Than Ever Imagine you were looking to hire someone, and you had to choose between two candidates. One is highly educated, but they lack all social graces. The other’s education is passable – sufficient, let’s say – but they have a remarkably high EQ. Which do you think you would end up hiring? Most managers would say the latter. Someone who is better able to regulate their own behaviour, pilot themselves through difficult social situations, and make positive decisions is far more likely to succeed in practically any workplace than a person with specialised knowledge and limited emotional range. Emotional intelligence makes people better collaborators, better listeners, and better company. People with emotional intelligence can make your company better, too. Want To Improve Your Emotional Intelligence? Here’s How… To paraphrase Aristotle, one acquires virtue by practising virtuous activities. By the same token, you can develop emotional intelligence by engaging with the skills that emotional intelligence supports. Fair warning – you may find these things tricky at first, but that’s just a signal that you need to work at them! Practice makes perfect, and over time you will find yourself with more and more emotional intelligence tools in your arsenal. This is the core habit on which emotional intelligence is built. The Greeks knew it, the Buddhists know it, every personal development guru in the history of the world knows it: know thyself. If you can’t observe and understand your own thoughts and feelings, you can’t expect to handle anyone else’s. Mindfulness meditation is a great way to practice this. Five or ten minutes a day is a perfect place to start, and there are hundreds of apps and resources out there that can support you on your journey. Mortimer J. Adler said “True freedom is impossible without a mind made free by discipline. ” Choosing to limit the trivialities and distractions in your life will develop your mental discipline, and allow you to focus on what’s important. Pick one thing that you spend too much time doing, and focus on limiting it as much as possible. You don’t need to erase it altogether – just try to get 1% better each day. Not only does this build your self-regulation muscle, but it supports your self-awareness habit as well. Don’t be disheartened if you fail. Your ability to get back on the horse is what will develop resilience, another key part of EQ. Practice attending to others’ needs. Having developed a strong foundation of self-awareness, self-regulation, and resilience, you can begin to turn your attention outward. Learn to mirror, empathise, and validate the emotions that people express to you. This is known as ‘the Imago technique’, and it involves paraphrasing what your interlocutor has said, indicating your understanding of the way that they feel, and assuring them that those feelings are understandable given the circumstances. Giving people the space to express their emotions will increase your ability to handle theirs, as well as your own. Everyone wins! Want To Learn More About Emotional Intelligence? The above tips are a good starting point for anyone who wants to improve their EQ. If you’re interested in discovering more in-depth strategies for developing your emotional intelligence, consider taking an Emotional Intelligence Course with Pathways Australia. With expert facilitators on hand in all of Australia’s major capital cities, our course will help you uncover insight into your own EQ strengths and weaknesses, scientifically-backed guidelines on developing your EQ, improved capacity for management and leadership, and more happiness and confidence in every area of your life. Don’t hesitate to contact us for more details!

011_770919

San Salvatore in Lauro |This article does not cite any sources. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)| San Salvatore in Lauro (St. Salvatore at the Laurels) is a Catholic church in central Rome, Italy. It is located on a piazza of the same name in the rione Ponte, it stands on Via Vecchiarelli, just south of the Lungotevere Tor di Nona and north of via dei Coronari. Within Rome, the church is also known as St. Jesus. It is the "national church" of the marchigiani, the inhabitants of the Marche region of Italy (the population of each Italy's region was counted as "nation" before Italian unification). The current protector of this titulus is Cardinal-Deacon Angelo Comastri. The first church at the site dates to the 11th century; while the present building was constructed in the 16th century on designs of the Bolognese Ottaviano Mascherino. The main altarpiece and cupola are painted by Ludovico Rusconi Sassi. In the chapels are works of art by Antoniazzo Romano, Camillo Rusconi, François Duquesnoy, Alessandro Turchi and a Nativity by Pietro da Cortona. The refectory has a series of Mannerist frescoes (1550) by Francesco Salviati (1550), and contains the 15th century tomb of Pope Eugene IV by Isaia da Pisa, transferred here from the Old Saint Peter's Basilica. Parmigianino's Vision of Saint Jerome was commissioned for a chapel in the church, but was later brought away by the donors and is now in the National Gallery, London. The titular church was first established in 1587 as a Cardinal-Priest title but was suppressed in 1670. In the consistory of 24 November 2007 Pope Benedict XVI restored the church as a Cardinal-Deaconry. List of Cardinal Protectors - Scipione Lancellotti (20 April 1587 – 2 June 1598) - Luca Antonio Virili (17 December 1629 – 4 June 1634) - Ciriaco Rocci (13 August 1635 – 25 September 1651) - Pietro Vito Ottoboni (19 February 1652 – 15 November 1660) - Angelo Comastri (24 November 2007 –)

012_4534078

October 25, 2012 In Potential Vaccine Breakthrough, Antibody Response Outwits HIV A new discovery could prove a major stepping-stone toward developing an effective HIV vaccine. In South Africa, two women’s immune systems reacted to changes in HIV cells by producing potent “broadly neutralizing antibodies” that could kill 88 percent of HIV found throughout the world. The study, published October 24 in Nature Medicine and highlighted in a news release by the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, was conducted by the Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) consortium. The researchers found that, after infection, the two women’s immune systems initially produced less potent antibodies that pressured the virus to cover a key point of its surface with sugar, or “glycan. ” This position on the cell became an Achilles’ heel, prompting the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies that effectively targeted the site. This scientific know-how could prove crucial to what CAPRISA scientists envision as a sequential series of vaccinations that would mimic this co-evolution between HIV and the body’s immune response—but without the actual presence of the virus—and result in the creation of broadly neutralizing antibodies. To read the University of the Witwatersrand news announcement, click here. Search: HIV, vaccine, South Africa, broadly neutralizing antibodies, Nature Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa, CAPRISA, women, 88 percent Scroll down to comment on this story. Show comments (11 total) [Go to top]

006_3626411

The first settlers of northern McLennan County arrived in the 1840’s. They were farm and ranch families drawn from the east by the rich lands made available by the government sale of land to build schools in Texas. The area farmers cultivated the land growing cotton, wheat and maize and raising cattle. The farming community centered around a fresh water spring that became known as Bold Springs. In 1860 Bold Springs had a population of about 300 and provided services such as a blacksmith, churches, and a post office. The Katy Railroad was laid between Hillsboro and Waco in the fall of 1881. The path of the railroad cut through land owned by Thomas West. Mr. West moved to the area in 1859. He farmed land that he had purchased and served as postmaster of Bold Springs. A train depot was built on the land he sold to the railroad company and the land run ning beside the tracks was divided into small sections and sold to people wanting to start businesses. The new depot included a post office and from that time forward it was known as the West Post Office. Mr. West served as postmaster while opening the first general store. He became a successful businessman later owning a hotel, a furniture store and a bank. The railroad brought prosperity to the area during the 1880’s. More businesses were opened and more surrounding land was purchased. Czech immigrants came to the area purchasing the rich lands to farm and start a fresh life in the new world. They also opened businesses sharing their European culture. By the 1890’s the Czech businesses flourished in West. On June 11, 1892 West was officially organized into a town. It had became the center of commerce for the area. There were cotton gins, grocery stores, churches, schools, doctor’s offices. Many of the farmers and business men of West contributed to the success of West as a great little farming community. The turn of the century brought electricity, running water, and natural gas. The population of West and surrounding area grew. The Czech’s brought with them the custom of having very large families and by the 1920’s they became the dominate culture in West. Many of the descendants of the original settlers continue to farm the lands and run the businesses still today. You can still hear Czech spoken by some of the older folks around town. The West Depot is now home for a railroad museum and Information Center for West. In it you will find information and old photographs of the railroad and it’s relation to the West community.

000_3444666

Apart from being coated or hairless, the skin of a dog can come in many variations. It can cover the dog tightly, or be so loose in a particular area that it becomes a characteristic described by a specific term. This page explains the names of some of these loose skin formations. When the supple skin of the head is loose, the lower eyelid can droop or sag so the eye rim does not hug the eye. The red pouch which then becomes clearly visible is called haw. This is often seen in a breed with excessive head skin like the Basset Hound (pictured) or the Bloodhound. Scowl is another variation in the skin covering the head. The skin of a Chow Chow's head wrinkles or contracts giving the expression is referred to as a 'scowl'. The dictionary describes a scowl as this wrinkling or contracting the brow giving an expression of anger or disapproval. In the Chow Chow, the slightly tilted, small rounded ear also adds to this scowling expression. The dewlap is the loose pendulous skin around the throat area, often arranged as two distinct folds as illustrated in the Basset Hound. In breeds like the Neapolitan Mastiff which were originally developed as dogs used in wars, these loose folds acted as protection for the jugular vein in the throat area. In most breeds, excess skin in the throat area is considered a fault. When a neck has no excess loose skin, it is called a 'clean throat' or 'dry throat'. The term 'clean' meaning no excess loose skin, can also be applied to the cheeks, for example the Weimaraner.

005_6219767

Wetland Loss Hammers Lake Winnipeg and Manitoba’s Environment New research by Ducks Unlimited Canada (DUC) has identified that the continued loss of wetlands in Manitoba is increasing phosphorus loads into Lake Winnipeg equivalent to dumping 10 semi loads of commercial agricultural fertilizer or 544,000 bags of lawn fertilizer directly into the lake every year. “Never before has DUC’s push to stop the loss of wetlands been so staunchly supported by research,” says Bob Grant, Manager Provincial Operations for Ducks Unlimited Canada. “Our results are by far the most compelling scientific support for the benefits that Manitoba’s wetlands provide to all Manitobans. In fact, this research has broad application across Canada and should be taken seriously by all municipal, provincial and federal governments. ” Up to 70 per cent of wetlands have been lost or degraded in settled areas of Canada. Grant says this has had exceedingly negative impacts on Manitoba’s environment. To demonstrate how the loss of wetlands impacts the environment, DUC partnered with the University of Guelph and Tarleton State University, a member of the Texas A&M University system to conduct a study of the Broughton’s Creek watershed, located in the Rural Municipality of Blanshard north of Brandon. Lead funding provided by the Murphy Foundation helped complete the first phase of this multi-phase project. The first step of this project determined that 5,921 wetlands or 70 per cent of total wetlands in the Broughton’s Creek watershed have been lost or degraded due to drainage between 1968 and 2005. DUC lead researchers Shane Gabor, Pascal Badiou and Lyle Boychuk scaled up the results from the Broughton’s Creek research to represent all of southwestern Manitoba, determining that wetland drainage has caused: – An increase in phosphorus loads into Lake Winnipeg equivalent to dumping 10 semi loads of commercial agricultural fertilizer or 544,000 bags of lawn fertilizer directly into the lake every year. – The release of 5 million tonnes of carbon to the atmosphere, the equivalent of putting 169,000 cars on the road for 20 years. – An increase in area-contributing runoff into Lake Winnipeg of 4,518 square kilometers, the equivalent of 10 times the size of the City of Winnipeg. In 2005, nutrient removal and additional carbon released into the atmosphere as a result of lost wetlands are estimated to have cost Manitobans $15 million that year. These estimates are based on the costs associated with removing phosphorous and nitrogen from water and offsetting carbon emissions. “Given that the province of Manitoba and the city of Winnipeg are investing millions of taxpayer dollars to reduce nutrient loading to Lake Winnipeg and to deal with climate change, stopping the continued destruction of wetlands should be a top priority,” said Pascal Badiou, research scientist, for DUC’s Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research. “Maintaining the status quo will significantly reduce the return on investment of our mitigation dollars. This figure will increase to $19 million per year by 2020 if wetland drainage or degradation is not stopped. ” Badiou points out that the costs do not account for the economic costs of downstream flooding, lost biodiversity, diminished ecotourism, lost groundwater recharge and the many other ecological functions that wetlands lose when drained or degraded. The impacts of wetland drainage and water quality should be of concern to all Manitobans. Wetland loss impacts our quality of life and our economic well-being. Providing financial incentives for landowners and legislated protection that ensures wetland retention and restoration is needed to prevent further deterioration of Manitoba’s water resources. “DUC has 70 years of wetland expertise and experience to assist governments and stakeholders in the development of a wetland policy that benefits all Manitobans,” said Grant. “DUC looks forward to working with the government and agricultural community in developing an effective wetland policy for Manitoba.” For more information on the Broughton’s Creek research and facts about wetland loss in Manitoba, visit the Ducks Unlimited Canada website at www. ducks. ca or go to: http://www.ducks.ca/aboutduc/news/archives/2008/pdf/081107.pdf Ducks Unlimited Canada is a private, non-profit organization that conserves, restores and manages wetlands and associated habitats for waterfowl. These habitats also benefit other wildlife and people. Contacts: Ducks Unlimited Canada Leigh Patterson Corporate Media Relations Specialist (204) 467-3306 Email: firstname. lastname@example. org Website: www. ducks. ca SOURCE: Ducks Unlimited Canada

001_5870219

On June 4, 2011 the Cordón Caulle volcano complex in Chile erupted sending volcanic ash high into the atmosphere. A combination of small ash particles, which take a long time to fall to Earth, and the high winds of the jet stream has resulted in this ash plume being carried great distances to the east – crossing Argentina, the Atlantic, South Africa, Indian Ocean, Australia and New Zealand towards the Pacific Ocean. Starting on June 5, the following image sequence, based on data from Meteosat-9, MTSAT-1R and GOES-11 satellites maps the spread of the ash cloud around the southern hemisphere. Bright red indicates the highest ash concentrations. The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre has an animated version of the sequence.

000_3437147

“On the 25th day of January 1832, a very important conference was held by the elders at Amherst, Lorain County, Ohio. The history of the Church is very brief in the report of this conference. Much business was transacted, but the most important thing was the fact that Joseph Smith was sustained and ordained, by the will of the Lord, as President of the High Priesthood.” (Smith, Church History and Modern Revelation, 1:274. ) The Prophet Joseph Smith recorded: “A few days before the conference was to commence in Amherst, Lorain county, I started with the Elders that lived in my own vicinity, and arrived in good time. At this conference much harmony prevailed, and considerable business was done to advance the kingdom, and promulgate the Gospel to the inhabitants of the surrounding country. The Elders seemed anxious for me to inquire of the Lord that they might know His will, or learn what would be most pleasing to Him for them to do, in order to bring men to a sense of their condition; for, as it was written, all men have gone out of the way, so that none doeth good, no, not one. I inquired and received the following: [D&C 75]. ” (History of the Church, 1:242–43. ) Notes and Commentary D&C 75:1. Alpha and Omega For the significance of this title see Notes and Commentary on Doctrine and Covenants 38:1. D&C 75:2–5. Go Forth and Labor With Your Might D&C 75:5. What Is the Meaning of the Sheaves and the Crowns? Anciently, grain was cut by hand and tied into large bundles or sheaves which were then carried to the place of threshing. To see a person or an animal “laden with many sheaves” (D&C 75:5) was proof that the person had reaped an abundant harvest and would now enjoy the fruits of his labors. “Elders who go out to preach the gospel sometimes return and report that they know not whether they have been the means of converting anybody or not. But if they have been faithful, the harvest is sure. The seed they have sown may sprout and come to maturity years after they have been released. ” (Smith and Sjodahl, Commentary, p. 434. ) The Lord had already instructed missionaries: “For behold the field is white already to harvest; and lo, he that thrusteth in his sickle with his might, the same layeth up in store that he perisheth not, but bringeth salvation to his soul” (D&C 4:4). Elder Bruce R. McConkie commented on the symbolism of being crowned: “Those who gain exaltation in the highest heaven of the celestial world shall wear crowns. Perhaps literal crowns may be worn on occasion—emblematic of their victory over the world and signifying that they rule and reign as kings and queens in the eternal house of Israel. But at all times they will be ‘crowned with honor, and glory, and immortality, and eternal life. ’ (D. & C. 75:5. )” (Mormon Doctrine, p. 173. ) D&C 75:10–11. Calling On the Comforter and Praying Always Smith and Sjodahl explained the importance for gospel teachers of prayer: “They were commanded (v. 4) to preach the truth ‘according to the revelations and commandments’ given. They were to keep strictly to the revealed word, but even this they could not do without the aid of the Comforter, the Holy Spirit of God. Studying alone does not qualify an Elder for preaching the truth. It is the Spirit that qualifies. … “Some Elders put all their faith in preaching. The Latter-day Saints generally will endorse the following, though uttered by one not a member of the Church: “‘What is preaching without praying! Sermons are but pulpit performances, learned essays, rhetorical orations, popular lectures, or it may be political harangues, until God gives, in answer to earnest prayer, the preparation of the heart, and the answer of the tongue. It is only he who prays that can truly preach. Many a sermon that has shown no intellectual genius and has violated all homiletic rules and standards has had dynamic spiritual force. Somehow it has moved men, melted them, moulded them. The man whose lips are touched by God’s living coal from off the altar may even stammer, but his hearers soon find out that he is on fire with one consuming passion to save souls’ (Arthur T. Pierson, The Fundamentals, Vol. IX. , p. 67). ” (Commentary, p. 435. ) D&C 75:19–22. Shake the Dust off Your Feet D&C 75:22. Why Will It Be More Tolerable for the Heathen Than for Those Who Reject the Missionaries? Elder James E. Talmage noted that “man will be accounted blameless or guilty, according to his deeds as interpreted in the light of the law under which he is required to live. It is inconsistent with our conception of a just God, to believe Him capable of inflicting condemnation upon any one for noncompliance with a requirement of which the person had no knowledge. Nevertheless, the laws of the Church will not be suspended even in the case of those who have sinned in darkness and ignorance; but it is reasonable to believe that the plan of redemption will afford such benighted ones an opportunity of learning the laws of God; and surely, as fast as they so learn, will obedience be required on pain of the penalty. ” (Articles of Faith, p. 519. ) D&C 75:24–28. The Church to Support Families of Those Called to Proclaim the Gospel President Joseph Fielding Smith said that “the brethren who were called to take these missionary journeys were quite generally poor men in temporal things. It was difficult for them to go out on the Lord’s work and leave their families without support. Yet the call was essential, for the souls of men were at stake and there were those waiting to hear the message who would be a strength to the Church after they received the Gospel. The Lord took into account the needs of the families of these brethren, and he said, ‘It is the duty of the Church to assist in supporting the families of those who are called and must needs be sent unto the world. …’ The commandment therefore was given that suitable places should be provided in which these families could be housed and cared for, and the members of the Church were admonished to ‘open their hearts,’ and assist in this undertaking. If there were brethren, however, who could support themselves and their families, this was required of them. ” (Church History and Modern Revelation, 1:276–77. ) D&C 75:29. The Idler Shall Not Have Place in the Church Elder Franklin D. Richards taught: “President McKay has said, ‘Let us realize that the privilege to work is a gift, that the power to work is a blessing, that love of work is success. ’ “How true this is! Yet today as in earlier times many misguided individuals embrace the philosophy of idleness, feeling that the world owes them a living. Many have a desire to destroy the establishment that has been built upon productive effort. “In this dispensation the Lord has many times confirmed the eternal principle of work. We have been told that there is no place in the Church for the idler ‘except he repent and mend his ways,’ and ‘he that is idle shall not eat the bread nor wear the garments of the laborer. ’ (D&C 75:29; 42:42. )” (In Conference Report, Oct. 1969, p. 121. ) Additional discussion of the evils of idleness and the value of work is found in Notes and Commentary for Doctrine and Covenants 68:31.

011_4900018

By: Steffi O'Brien Thirty-five years ago this fall, on October 21, 1978, President Jimmy Carter signed into law the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Act (Public Law 95-495). This new law ended a rancorous three-year fight in Congress over the future of the BWCAW, provided important new wilderness protections for the canoe country, and settled once and for all the decades-long question that the Boundary Waters was indeed a wilderness. Sigurd Olson would later call it the most important achievement in his half-century of wilderness conservation on behalf of the Boundary Waters. And Sig played an incredibly important role in the struggle to pass this legislation. Not only did he play the role of leading elder statesman for the wilderness cause throughout those years, utilizing his myriad contacts to promote the BWCA Wilderness bill, but Sig personally testified at the Congressional Field Hearing held in Ely in July of 1977. At this point in the public debate, two competing bills had been introduced dealing with the BWCAW. Rep. Jim Oberstar’s bill would have removed about 400,000 acres from wilderness in the heart of the BWCA and turned it into a National Recreation Area where logging, motorboats and snowmobiles, resorts, and other developments would have been allowed. The competing bill introduced by Rep. Don Fraser would have made the BWCA a complete wilderness—no logging, no mining, no motorboats, no snowmobiles. Three members of Congress came to Ely for the field hearing: Oberstar, Fraser, and Rep. Bruce Vento, a freshman member of Congress who chaired the hearing on behalf of the Subcommittee Chair, Rep. Phillip Burton of California. Though only in his first term in Congress, Bruce was the only Minnesotan to serve on the full House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee (which included Burton’s subcommittee), and Phil drafted Bruce to chair the two field hearings in Minnesota. The Boundary Waters issue was very hot politically, of course, and the Ely field hearing reflected that stormy nature. Over 1,000 people jammed into the auditorium where the hearing was held. Parked logging trucks sat outside the building. A dummy dangled from the boom of one truck, with the names of Sigurd Olson, Bud Heinselman, and the Sierra Club pinned to its shirt. Inside the hearing, when Bruce Vento called Sig’s name to testify, the auditorium erupted in yells, boos, and jeers. For long minute after minute the yelling continued, preventing Sig from speaking. Vento tried gaveling the crowd to order, but to no avail. The foot-stomping and yelling continued. Oberstar and Fraser also tried to bring the crowd to order, but with similar results. The yelling was so intense and continuous that Vento turned to an aide and asked if there was a way out the back of the auditorium in case violence erupted. Finally, however, Vento gained control of the crowd and it quieted. Sig then delivered this testimony in favor of the Fraser bill. The testimony accompanying this article is from Sig’s presentation copy of his testimony, with his hand-written deletions and additions, so this version is the way Sig presented it. Most notable is the moving final paragraph of this testimony, which was hand-written onto his typed statement and which I remember Sig delivering, all the more remarkable and eloquent given the tense and angry atmosphere in which he gave it. July 8, 1977 My name is Sigurd F. Olson, my home Ely, Minnesota. I support the Fraser Bill (H.R. 2820) whose purpose is to eliminate all adverse uses from the BWCA and give it complete wilderness status. I have worked for some 50 years toward building an appreciation and understanding of what wilderness really means. I have served as a consultant to the Department of Interior through several administrations, served on numerous commissions and advisory boards and in that capacity have become familiar with most of the wilderness regions of the United States, Canada, and Alaska. I have crisscrossed the BWCA and its adjoining Quetico Provincial Park by canoe countless times since my early guiding days, but also the Northwest Territories of Canada, have worked closely with Canadians such as the Quetico Foundation of Toronto, having to do with the preservation of the BWCA and the Quetico as well as other lake and river areas as far north as the Arctic Tundra. I have worked with citizen groups, such as the IWLA and Wilderness Society and others, and know how people feel, and have cooperated closely with all major conservation organizations across the country toward the goal of preserving wild and natural areas. Many threats have plagued the area over the years, road programs, power dams, airplane and fly-in resort developments, the acquisition of private land, logging and mining, and I realize now that had any of these issues been lost there would be no wilderness in the BWCA today. The BWCA and Quetico Provincial Park across the border comprise over two and a quarter million acres, the largest area of its kind in the world. People come from all over the U.S. and even foreign countries to enjoy the tranquility, beauty, and peace of this unique Lakeland wilderness. Opponents of the Fraser Bill claim the economy of Northeastern Minnesota would be adversely affected. The mainstay of its economy is mining, an industry doing very well outside the BWCA. There are millions of acres for commercial logging outside the wilderness, a third of the Superior National Forest’s three million acres. In this lower two-thirds there is plenty of room for snowmobiles, motor boats, logging and mining. Studies show that resorts and canoe outfitting employ many people and bring in millions of dollars, all of them benefitting from their proximity to the BWCA and its wilderness lure. Once the wilderness is gone, the real meaning of the BWCA will be lost forever. I am opposed to the Oberstar Bill cutting out some 400,000 acres of prime wilderness canoe country and converting them to recreational use, a permanent tragedy for this long fought-over region which belongs to all the people of America. President Carter in his Environmental Message to Congress said, “The National Wilderness Preservation System must be expanded promptly before the most deserving areas of federal lands are opened up to other uses and lost as wilderness forever. ” I endorse this statement as do millions across the country. The Fraser Bill (HR 2820) supports President Carter’s view. The time for action and immediate passage is now. No further studies or surveys are necessary. This is the most beautiful lake country on the continent. We can afford to cherish and protect it. Some places should be preserved from development or exploitation for they satisfy a human need for solace, belonging and perspective. In the end we turn to nature in a frenzied chaotic world, there to find silence—oneness—wholeness—spiritual release. Please make this statement a part of the record. Sincerely, Sigurd F. Olson

011_5146099

Stress may be invisible, but that doesn’t mean it isn’t there. Stress is a real problem, especially in this day and age where many of us feel like we have hundreds of things to do and very little time to do it in. It’s important we work on reducing our stress levels before they get out of hand. When we’re stressed, we can’t think straight, and this can lead to a plethora of problems at home and at work. Here, we’re going to talk about why reducing stress is one of the best things you can do for your mind and body, as well as how to do it. Why Is Reducing Stress One Of The Best Things You Can Do For Your Mind And Body? Stress has a huge impact on the mind. Not only can it make us more forgetful, but it can also give us brain fog and stop us from making the most rational decisions. It can stop us from seeing the solutions that are right in front of us, and instead only focus on the issues that we perceive to be the problem. You’re far more likely to make mistakes at work when you’re stressed. Chronic stress can eventually lead to burn out, which is a huge problem and could mean having some time off work. You probably won’t be any fun to be around, either, which may not be a problem at work, but your family and friends will suffer! Stress can also impact your physical health in a big way. It can impact your appetite, making you want to eat more or less. You may notice weight changes. You might also notice sleep changes. Getting enough high-quality sleep is crucial for getting things done during the day, but stress can stop you from sleeping through the night. It can even cause problems like hair loss, and weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to colds and other illnesses. How To Reduce Stress It’s important to make sure you don’t turn to bad habits as an attempt to lessen daily stress. Smoking and drinking, for example, may make you feel like your problems have disappeared for a while when in reality you are just masking them. Stay mindful of your bad habits and try to replace them with good ones. Replace smoking with a SMOK device, and start drinking tea instead of alcohol, for example. You also need to figure out the triggers that you have. Everybody is different. Perhaps you’re taking on too much at work, and you need to talk with your boss about lightening the load. Maybe you’re having problems caring for your children; you could ask family members to take over for a few hours during the week so you can have a break. Needing a break is normal and nothing to feel ashamed about! You should take the time for self care each day, too, whether that’s exercising, cooking a healthy meal, or spending time in a hot bath. Eating well and moving your body will positively impact your physical and mental health in both the short and long term. Get to work on those stress levels now and soon you’ll notice a huge difference in your mindset and life!

004_5698367

Solar-Powered Circulation Technology Clears Out Blue-Green Algae by Ed Sullivan As the annual onslaught of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) blooms continues to plague fresh water lakes and reservoirs, the use of copper sulfate to control the problem has become dubious. After 50 years of pouring innumerable tons of copper into lakes and reservoirs, the use of this algaecide has increased resistance and resulted in consequential problems that require more expensive treatment and threaten marine habitats throughout the world. Although naturally present in water, blue-green algae blooms occur as tranquil waters warm. Left untreated, these blue-green algae wreak havoc on the ecosystems of lakes and reservoirs and the streams that feed them. Sixty percent of Americans drink water that comes from lakes and reservoirs, many of which are afflicted by blue-green algae. The primary complaints about unsuccessfully treated blue-green blooms concern taste and odor. However, research suggests that long-term consumption of water containing high levels of blue-green algae toxins increases risk of illness and even liver cancer. In the past, copper sulfate has been the chemical of choice for treating blue-green algae. But research findings, diminishing results and increasing costs have made dependency on this algaecide unrealistic. The use of copper sulfate causes blue-green algae cellular lysis (membrane collapse), thereby releasing any toxins the algae may contain — defeating the purpose of the treatment. As blue-green algae become increasingly resistant to copper sulfate, continuously larger doses (thousands of pounds per week) are required for effective control. Furthermore, impacts on zooplankton and other life forms have led to increasingly stringent permitting requirements for its use. When blue-green algae conditions warrant more extensive treatment of drinking water, many plants must also invest in expensive chloramine systems, since straight chlorine can produce unacceptable levels of trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA), disinfection byproducts deemed carcinogenic by the EPA. Even chloramine-treated water that is stored in potable water tanks for long periods without an effective circulation system can release nitrofications that will result in a torrent of complaints about taste and odor. A non-toxic solution arrives “If you can create sufficient circulation, blue-green algae problems and other unwanted water conditions can be avoided or even corrected,” says Joel Bleth, president of Pump Systems, Inc. (PSI), Dickinson, ND. “Sufficient circulation will minimize or eliminate the need for chemical and carbon treatments because it prevents blue-green algae takeover. ” To provide reliable and flexible forced circulation, PSI developed SolarBee™, a floating self-contained system for use in lakes and reservoirs. Powered by solar modules, this system features an adjustable down-hose suspended from an anchored flotation unit. A single unit can draw up to 10,000 gallons of water per minute and spread it gently across the surface for continuous aeration 24-hours per day. The system’s mixing action prevents the takeover of blue-green algae and promotes a good crop of diatoms (“good algae”) and zooplankton. Instead of constantly sinking to the bottom and being blocked from the sunlight, they continuously glide up and down in the mixing currents. At the same time, continuous circulation prevents the blue-greens from blocking the sunlight below the water surface. When used to control blue-green algae growth, SolarBee units are positioned at problem locations with the unit’s down-hose suspended to just above the thermocline. The water intake, from the relatively warm epilimniun layer, is pumped up the down-hose and spread across the water surface, providing beneficial turbulence and aeration. The resulting circulation of the epilimnium prevents the blue-green algae from staying at the top of the layer, so that diatoms are able to out-compete the blue-green algae. At Palmdale Lake in the high desert country of southern California, the Palmdale Water District had been using 2,000 to 3,000 lbs. of copper sulfate powder per week from March to September to control algae growth in its 4,130 acre-ft. of water. “Besides being expensive, we wanted to avoid using excess copper,” says Greg Dluzak, Palmdale Water District Production and Control Superintendent. “There are concerns about the oils and chemicals that algae release being toxic and possibly carcinogenic. Although this isn’t established or regulated yet, it was another reason we wanted to find some other way of controlling the algae other than chemically treating it. So we were very pleased that a year after installing seven of these SolarBee circulation units (in 2002) we had greatly reduced the amount of copper that we were using. ” “We also saw considerably more dissolved oxygen that was much more evenly dispersed throughout the lake,” Dluzak says. "The water temperature was much more even, and we weren’t getting our usual spring or fall turnover. The lake also looks much clearer than it did before, which makes it much easier to see the fish, too” Another problem that often results from blue-green algae blooms is filter clogging at treatment plants. At the Palmdale plant this problem occurred almost continuously throughout the year. “Since installing these new circulation units we have only experienced two or three weeks of excessive clogging of our filters during the algae growing season, per year,” Dluzak says. “We’re planning on upgrading our units to the new V12 model with the larger battery and solar panels, which will operate 24 hours per day as compared to the current units (without batteries) that only run during daylight hours, so we’re hoping that the filter clogging will virtually disappear. Since we have to use treated water to backwash the filters, that’s a loss of treated water that we don’t see now - another savings. ” “Prior to installing the units we were putting in as much as 800 pounds at a time,” says Don Coatman, Water Production Superintendent at Englewood Water District. “It was an all-day task. Since we installed the new forced circulation system, I’ve got a lot of copper sulfate I’d like to sell. ” Another primary reason for installing the units was concern about the buildup of very dense sedimentation over a 50-year period. If a lake or reservoir has unhealthy sediment or an unwanted sediment build-up, the system can be set up to solve that problem. To handle this problem, the system’s down-hose is set below the thermocline and close to the bottom where it pulls large volumes of water and spreads them across the surface of the water. Since the water from the bottom (hypolimnion) layer is colder and denser than the top layer, it aerates for a relatively short distance (depending on temperature differential), and then sinks to the bottom again. This newly aerated water oxygenates the nutrients in the sediment, helping to break it up and alleviate anoxic bottom water conditions. “This is where we did our sedimentation process until 2000, before we installed a separate building and process for that,” explains Coatman. “Over the years there were attempts to clean the reservoir out with various types of dredges and an aerator, but these couldn’t keep up with the sedimentation. By 2000 the sediment had built up to the point where in some areas of the reservoir you could almost walk on the water it was so shallow. So, we were running out of storage room. ” Englewood Water District faced a choice of draining the reservoir, scraping out the sediment and hauling it away — a process that would cost hundreds of thousands of dollars or finding a less expensive approach. “We had heard that the solar-powered circulation system could aerate the water, get dissolved oxygen down to the reservoir bottom and break up the sediment,” Coatman explains. “They were using this system at the water facility in Pueblo CO, primarily for blue-green algae control, and suggested that system might be an inexpensive solution to our problem. ” In June 2002 Englewood installed a 10,000 GPM unit and positioned it in the area of the sediment buildup. “It’s reduced sediment in our reservoir by probably 75 percent,” Coatman says. “It has broken it down and distributed it out. Because the cleanup has eliminated the nutrients in the sediment, it also helped get rid of the blue-green algae problem at the same time. ” The Englewood Water District is budgeting for an additional circulation unit at its pre-treatment reservoir to handle raw water that enters the pond from the South Platte River through “The City Ditch,” a historic open channel that travels approximately 24 miles from the Chatfield Reservoir. “During the summer months the river is often very shallow, and so the water carries higher concentrates of elements such as manganese as well as a lot of organic material from the river and the trench. The new circulation unit will help handle those,” Coatman says. In a report “Improving Lake Water Quality by Solar Powered Circulation” published by Bo Labisi, P.E. of the Palmdale Water District, Labisi concluded that forced lake circulation using the solar-powered device was effective in controlling the incidence of seasonal algal bloom in Palmdale Lake during the summer of 2003. He said the greatly reduced amount of copper sulfate used to limit algal activities in 2003 amounted to a significant savings, while water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, secchi transparency depth, turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration all improved noticeably during forced lake circulation. Irrespective of nutrient loading to the lake, algae proliferation was curtailed because circulation exposed available nutrient to all species, thereby stimulating much higher food demand and resulting in a more advanced food chain. For more information, contact SolarBee headquarters at 530 25th Ave E, Dickinson, ND 58601; Phone 866-437-8076 or 701-225-4494; Fax 701-225-0002; E-mail firstname. lastname@example. org; or visit the web site www. solarbee. com. ©2004 - 1998 Land and Water, Inc.

007_2012255

The Violin Sonata in G minor, Bg.5, also called Tartini's Dream or Devil's Trill Sonata(Italian: Il trillo del diavolo), is a solo violin sonata created by Giuseppe Tartini (8 April 1692 – 26 February 1770), an Italian Baroque composer and violinist. According to the legend, Tartini was inspired to write the sonata by a dream in which the Devil had played. Tartini allegedly told the French astronomer Jérôme Lalande that he had dreamed that the devil had appeared to him and had asked to be Tartini's servant and teacher. At the end of the music lesson, Tartini handed the devil his violin to test his skill, which the devil began to play with virtuosity; delivering an intense and magnificent performance. So singularly beautiful and executed with such superior taste and precision, that the composer felt his breath taken away. The complete story is told by Tartini himself in Lalande's Voyage d'un François en Italie: Mesmerized by the devil’s brilliant and awe-inspiring playing, Tartini attempted to recreate what he had heard. However, despite having said that the sonata was his favorite, Tartini later wrote that it was "so inferior to what I had heard, that if I could have subsisted on other means, I would have broken my violin and abandoned music forever. " The sonata, written for violin with basso continuo (figured bass), is written in four movements: 1. Larghetto affettuoso 2. Allegro moderato 4. Allegro assai — Andante — Allegro assai The first movement, begins gently and reflectively, with languid double stops and a flowing violin melody line filled with tasteful embellishments. The melody, which moves from the tonic to the mediant key in the middle of the movement includes several deceptive cadences, before returning once again to a tonic theme similar to the beginning. A crisp, quick, highly decorated bravura follows, preceding a brief cantabile slow movement, said to signify Tartini's dream state. The last movement, technically difficult, begins fast, before dissolving into repeated, modular violin melody over an intensifying accompaniment. This leads to a slow chromatic theme, followed by more sequences of the two themes. The source of the sonata's nickname is a passage where the violinist trills while simultaneously playing arpeggiated triads. The bravura cadenza that is frequently played was composed by Fritz Kreisler. The accompaniment joins the violin again for the last few dramatic measures. The trill in the last movement is one of the earliest examples of a trill illustrating a musical theme. While Tartini claimed he composed the sonata in 1713, scholars think it was likely composed as late as the 1740s, due to its stylistic maturity. It was not published until 1798 or 1799, almost thirty years after the composer's death. The sonata is Tartini's most famous composition. It is notable for its technically difficult passages that requires a number of technically demanding double stop trills and is difficult even by modern standards. It would become the basis for Cesare Pugni's 1849 ballet Le Violon du diable, as well as Chopin's Prelude No. 27. Giuseppe Tartini was born in Piran, a town on the peninsula of Istria, in the Republic of Venice (now in Slovenia). It appears Tartini's parents intended him to become a Franciscan friar and, in this way, he received basic musical training. He studied law at the University of Padua, where he became skilled at fencing. After his father's death in 1710, he married Elisabetta Premazore, a favorite of the powerful Cardinal Giorgio Cornaro, who promptly charged Tartini with abduction. Tartini fled Padua to go to the monastery of St. Francis in Assisi, where he could escape prosecution. While there, Tartini took up playing the violin. Legend says when Tartini heard Francesco Maria Veracini's playing in 1716, he was impressed by it and dissatisfied with his own skill. He fled to Ancona and locked himself away in a room to practise, according to Charles Burney, "in order to study the use of the bow in more tranquility, and with more convenience than at Venice, as he had a place assigned him in the opera orchestra of that city". Tartini's skill improved tremendously and, in 1721, he was appointed Maestro di Cappella at the Basilica di Sant'Antonio in Padua. Giuseppe Tartini was the first known owner of a violin made by Antonio Stradivari in 1715, which Tartini bestowed upon his student Salvini, who in turn gave it to the Polish composer and virtuoso violinist Karol Lipiński upon hearing him perform: the instrument is thus known as the Lipinski Stradivarius.

011_2378313

MEMS World - Electrostatic actuators It can take several books to give an exhaustive description of all MEMS electrostatic actuators things to know, not speaking about electrostatics phenomenon itself. This page just intends to describe the principle and benefits of electrostatic actuation at microscopic scale, as well for direct parallel plates electrostatic actuation as comb-drive microactuators. Any electric charge creates around it an electric field. Any electric field applies a force to any charged particle. This principle, widely known since Maxwell's era, has not been so much used during the past decades, but MEMS have a high interest in using electrostatic actuators: The main problem of electrostatic effect is that it decreases with the square of the distance between the two charged bodies. In microscopic scale, this is a huge advantage, because most of the structures have a very low aspect ratio (i. e. width and length are large before thickness and gap in z direction), so the distance between bodies is really very small. Electrostatics is the most widely used force in the design of MEMS. In industry, it is used in microresonators, switches, micromirrors, accelerometers, etc. Almost every kind of microactuator has one or more electrostatic actuation based version. Pros and cons Electrostatic force depends largely on the size of the structures and the distance between electrodes. So, for large electrode surface compared to distance to travel, electrostatic actuation has a large advantage. But the equation of the force gives a dependancy to the square of the distance. This means that the longer the distance is, the higher the actuation voltage is. This is one of the main problem with this physics principle: actuation voltage are often quite high, easily reaching tens, and even hundreds of volts to be used. High voltages are easy to get on a large device, but not on a very compact integrated system. An interesting point is the fact that the electric circuit is capacitive, meaning the power consumption is very low, despite of any high voltage. Very few current is needed to load the capacity formed by electrodes. Another consideration to take care of is the electric field itself: the nature of the material between electrodes: water, for example, is conductive at low frequencies, so electrostatic actuation cannot be used in these conditions. Void and neutral gases are the best environments. Finally, the hysteresis behaviour of straight actuators can be as well an advantage and a problem, depending on the application. It reduces sensitivity of devices to electrical noise, but it also means larger voltage variation for a complete actuation cycle when pull-in/pull-out is desired. A detail of the calculation of the electrostatic actuation can be found in the electrostatics section. This example shows an electrostatic actuator in which one plate is electrostatically attracted toward another. You can consider this an electrostatic tunable capacitor if you wish, since some of them use the same principle. But remember real systems are often more complicated! Electrostatic actuation systems By straight actuation, I mean actuation between two electrodes in which the mobile parts moves along the electric field paths. This is the most simple actuation technique you can imagine, though the architectures used are often not so simple to optimize it. The tunable capacitor is an example of straight actuation. But there are others. Microswitches devices make a large use of electrostatic actuation, depending on the characteristics required for the device. Micromirrors devices are almost all based on electrostatic force. Example of application: Schematics of a simple electrostatic microswitch In a straight actuation, the exact movement of the mobile parts is ruled by the electric field path and the mechanical constrains of the structure. So, tunable capacitor will translate along a straight line, micromirrors will rotate around their anchor axis, etc. The actuation is not always really straight, but it is as well as possible. This technique is probably the most efficient in terms of forces, and so required voltage. The straight actuation is the one in which pull-in/pull-out hysteresis cycle can be met. Another widely used architecture for electrostatic actuation is a lateral translation of the mobile parts. This is mostly achieved with comb-drive actuators Principle of comb-drive actuation The blue part is fixed and anchored to the substrate. The red part is free to move, except at the end where it is anchored to the substrate, so that the actuator can come back to its initial position thanks to the spring force. In this configuration, the force is equally and symmetrically applied on both side of beams, and the mobile part moves along the beams direction. The total displacement is rather shorter than what is possible in straight actuation, but the force is constant, meaning an easier control of the displacement. This kind of system offers a very high precision level, and a simpler electronic control. Systems like microaccelerometers make high use of comb-drive. In theory, comb-drive would require higher voltage than straight actuation because of the electric-field direction being different than displacement one. But most of the time, theses structures are geometrically optimized, so the gap between electrodes and the distance to travel are also shorter. In a comb-drive, there is no pull-in effect, unless a design error make electrodes reach each others. The displacement is linear, contrary to straight actuation. But the design is limited by the needs to place electrodes beams opposite to each other. Designer must also take care of the end stop to avoid contact between mobile part and fixed part, and to keep forces quite symmetric so that the direction of the displacement is kept as planned. Microresonators are structures not planned to be displaced, but, as their name tells, to vibrate. They're planned to replace electronic resonators, being used in electronic filter systems, so select a particular frequency chosen amongst several ones. This is highly used in telecommunications. For example, in mobile phone communication: each telephone uses a precise frequency included in a range depending on the protocol. The filter must keep only the chosen frequency, so that you're not disturbed by other people conversations during your own calls! All mechanical systems have specific resonance frequencies. Most of time, only the first one are useful. Think of it as guitar cords: if you stimulate it, it is, from a frequency point of view, as if you were applying a signal containing all frequencies at once on the cord, but only one note comes out: it is the eigen frequency of the cord. So, microresonators use mechanical vibrating parts to filter signals so that only one frequency, the eigen frequency of the structure, is kept. The application is for electronic signal treatment, so, there must be a way to convert electrical signal into mechanical stimulation, and then back again mechanical vibration into electrical signal. This way is the electrostatic principle. The top schematics is always the same: the vibrating part includes as well the electrode for stimulation, and the electrode for measurement. Then, a lot of architectures are under studies in research laboratories, including different shapes and electrodes configuration for mechanical and electrical parts. Photos of several microresonators architectures from the IEMN Silicon Microsystem Group Design and fabrication by Emmanuel Quevy All rights reserved The vibration is made by the incoming electrical signal. Then, the amplitude of the vibration depends on how close the input frequency is to the eigen value. On the output, a polarization (constant voltage) between the resonator and the output electrode allows the measurement of the amplitude of vibration. Since the amplitude difference obtained between the eigen frequency and other ones is very high, the electrical output signal for any non-selected frequency is considered as neglectible, while the eigen frequency signal is kept. Note that this is a quite simple explanation of the behaviour of the system. In real development a LOT of parameters are taken in account. The photos show microresonators architecture vibrating in the range of tens of MHz, that corresponds to Intermediate Frequencies (IF). Intermediate frequencies are a convenient way of treating a signal between low frequency (ex: human voice frequency) and really high frequencies (at which mobile phones communicate). The distance between mobile parts and fixed parts here is about 60nm. Microresonators should enter the market quite soon from now. They will replace electronic devices, especially in mobile devices, and allow greater autonomy and more integrated functions thanks to the save of space and power consumption. Finally, you can find an example of a real developed straight actuator in my PhD project on micro-extractor, in which the microactuator is in fact a combined thermal-electrostatic actuator.

000_5579715

You are here New York Mental Health Documentation Project Documenting Mental Health in New York State The story of mental health in New York is a critical part of our history, but significant elements of that history are in danger of being lost. In organizations, groups, and families, there are rich resources that tell unique and compelling stories about people, families, communities and organizations involved — now and in the past — in mental health concerns. The kinds of records that may be of value include letters, diaries, newsletters, brochures, case files (with proper access restrictions), minutes of meetings, photographs, administrative files, reports, and a wide variety of other papers produced as a person or organization goes about daily life and work. Many people think they have nothing that is an "historical record"—but they may be unaware of the historically valuable treasures they hold. Mental Health Documentation Project The State Archives is working to identify the issues, people, organizations, and events in mental health that are most critical to document in New York State. We have enlisted advice and participation from many people and organizations in the mental health community, as well as from researchers in mental health, and from librarians, museums, historical societies and archives. Early in the project we commissioned an historical overview of mental health in New York. We also researched existing documentation and produced a Preliminary Guide to Mental Health Documentary Sources. From the information we have gathered, we have developed a draft Strategic Plan for Documenting Mental Health in New York and begun to work with a range of people, organizations, and historical records repositories to implement the plan to ensure that important resources are identified, saved, and made accessible in appropriate ways. Who will benefit Historical records on mental health can be a resource for many, including: - mental health leaders and lawmakers developing practices and policies for the future; - advocacy, self-help, and support groups who wish to promote understanding and recognition of the experiences of people who have faced mental health issues; - researchers seeking longitudinal data and evidence regarding previous policies, practices, and treatments; - historians who need to present an even and equitable story of the experience of all New Yorkers; - teachers and students striving for a more complete understanding of who we are as families, communities, and a state. Products from the Mental Health Documentation Project

001_7177371

the lowest possible altitude at which a natural satellite can form and orbit, withstanding the fragmenting force of the gravitational pull of a planet or other primary celestial body Origin of Roche limitafter E. Roche (1820-83), French astronomer The smallest distance at which a natural satellite can orbit a celestial body without being torn apart by the larger body's gravitational force. The distance depends on the densities of the two bodies and the orbit of the satellite. Origin of Roche limitAfter Edouard Albert Roche, (1820–1883), French mathematician. (plural Roche limits) From Édouard Roche French astronomer

001_5092648

There are many advantages of using solar power. The main advantage is that maintenance is less as it does not have any moving parts. When there is sunshine, you definitely get free electricity. With improvements in technology, system efficiency has gone up and costs have come down for sure. This has made it possible to tap solar power for many more applications. Though solar power offers so much when it comes to clean energy production, some problems, with solar panels and equipment required to bring system power output to your home or any other point, do crop up. The solar panels that are available commercially are relatively trouble free. These are generally Photovoltaic (PV) systems and come with a guarantee for their construction and power output for a specified period of time. You may be aware that the efficiency of solar cells comes down over a period of time. Often, it takes more than twenty years for this to happen. Very large installations like home or business power supply units use commercially available panels. It is true that the technology is well established over the years, but problems like failure of components do happen over a period of time. Smaller units or do-it-yourself (DIY) projects face more problems, if utmost care is not exercised at the time of construction. Almost always problems are due to electrical faults in the panel and along the supply chain of controllers. Fires have happened due to short circuit in solar panels, but very rarely. If moisture is there inside a panel that is operational, there can be a lot of problems. It obstructs light and slowly corrodes the electrical contacts. Corrosion in turn increases resistance to current flow and the efficiency of the solar cell reduces. This causes a knock-on effect. Once one cell becomes weak due to corrosion, the nearby cells also get affected due to heating and current flow changes. If the power output rating of the panel is high and greater resistance is developed, the potential for shorting and serious damage to the panel are very high. Problems do come up in solar system controller and inverter as well. Sometimes animals cause damage to the wiring. If the power output is coming down slowly, it could be due to the problems in the solar array. Each panel’s output will have to be checked to find out if it is due to one panel or the wiring of the cells within the panel. The container that you construct for your do-it-yourself solar panel must be watertight and secure. It is recommended that you use a sealed aluminum casing and silicon sealing to prevent moisture entering the system. You can also attach a packet of silica gel inside the panel to absorb the small amount of moisture that will be present in the air inside the panel. It is a good idea to use a comprehensive guide to build a safe and secure solar panel, especially if you are planning to make a solar panel by yourself.

004_7375875

Foreign language students should be encouraged to use dictionaries because they are a handy source for researching meanings, pronunciation and collocations of different words. From finding the right meaning and spelling of words to learning the appropriate translation, there are several ways they can benefit from dictionary use. Monolingual vs. Bilingual Dictionaries Most foreign language students use bi-lingual as well as mono-lingual dictionaries. - Bilingual dictionaries are used for translating words or phrases from one language to another. You can look for up for a word from the target language and see the direct translation for the word in your native language. - This dictionary is generally used in the initial stages of language learning. It is quite useful if students want to express something in the target language but they don’t know the correct words. - Monolingual dictionaries are designed for explaining the meaning of a word in the target language, examples of how words are used in context and their grammatical behavior. It meet the reference needs of people who have become more proficient in their target language. - These dictionaries provide more comprehensive information about the target language. Benefits of Dictionary Use in Language Learning - Pronunciation is the first advantage of using a dictionary. You can check the correct pronunciation of words in your target language. You can also listen to the pronunciation of words if using an e-dictionary. - A dictionary can help you learn different usage of a word. For instance, if you are learning English language, a dictionary will help you learn if the word ‘dog’ is a noun, adjective or verb and how it can be used in a sentence. - You get to learn spellings of different words in your target language. It can guide you in writing different phrases, words, sentences and even paragraphs. - Monolingual dictionaries also provide example sentences, helping you learn where to use a particular word. Growing Popularity of E-dictionaries E-dictionaries are an extremely useful learning resource because students can use them on the go. Many traditional dictionaries have their online editions. Many students also make use of electronic dictionaries in language learning. Language Learning Apps as Dictionaries With language apps, it has become easy to take language learning with you. There is no need to carry a bilingual dictionary separately because the app tells you the correct words and its pronunciation in your target language. For instance, the Learn English Quickly app by AlterGyan includes 1500+ words and phrases in English language. The app provides translations into English in regional scripts, including Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Urdu, German, French, Malay, Portuguese and Chinese Traditional Language). The app offers search functionality in English as well regional language scripts. For instance, if you speak Hindi and you want to know the English word for “Tyohaar” or “त्यौहार”, you just need to type the word in Devanagari script or its transliteration in the app. The result will contain the English word – “Festival” in English as well as Devanagari script. It will also contain an image and pronunciation for the same.

000_3562925

Mission Geography is curriculum support materials that link the content, skills, and perspectives of Geography for Life: The National Geography Standards with the missions, research, and science of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Mission Geography is now available in two formats, for download from this website or from a CD-ROM. The purpose of the Mission Geography web site is to serve the needs of educators and students using this resource. Visit frequently for updates. - To begin the mission, visit Mission Geography On Line. - To review Mission Geography modules, visit MG Modules. - To learn more about the project, read Overview, Mission Geography. Mission Geography: A Collaboration between GENIP and NASA Sarah W. Bednarz Department of Geography Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843-3147

011_4183880

44:30 minutes (10. 18 MB) On this episode of Teachers Teaching Teachers http://teachersteachingteachers.org/?feed=rss2, Monika Hardy and Paul Allison discuss "Detox," a reflective practice that they have been inviting students to do in their different contexts. Monika has been doing Detox with her students for a couple of years http://labconnections.blogspot.com/p/what-is-detox.htmlRecently, Paul started asking his students to reflect on their work, dreams, thoughts, and learning on Youth Voices: http://youthvoices.net/channel/31618 Monika and Paul are joined in this conversation by a co-conspirator with Monika and a researcher of Detox James Folkestad, from Colorado State University. We also get the perspective of youths from two of Paul's high school students Evelyn Salazar and (on the phone) Shamar Smith. In addition there are valuable insights from 7th Grader Kelsey Shelhart and her father Scott Shelhart as well as Fred Mindlin. After listening to this podcast, you might be inspired to try something similar in your classroom or perhaps your students are already doing this kind of reflection on who they are, what they are doing, what they dream could happen, what they are noticing, and what connections they are making. Either way, whether you are starting something new or continuing a valuable process in your classroom, please let us know about it. We'd love to hear if "detox" is spreading virally or "scaling across trans-locally" to use some of the language that Margaret Wheatley and Deborah Frieze have given us in their book Walk Our Walk On: Taking things to scale doesn’t happen vertically through one-size-fits-all replication strategies. . . experiments move horizontally, scaling across villages and nations, trans-locally, as many diverse people learn from their discoveries and are inspired to try their own. ( http://www.walkoutwalkon.net/mexico ) Click Read more to see a copy of the chat that was happening during the webcast.

001_4877734

The major signs of a surgical site infection are pain, fever and changes in the appearance of the incision and surrounding skin. Infection after surgery can lead to more pain, prolonged time in the hospital, readmission to the hospital and, in rare cases, life-threatening illness. By knowing the signs and symptoms, however, and looking at your incision regularly, you can help boost the odds of early detection and prompt treatment of any infection that might occur. Oozing versus Discharge or Bleeding Serum is a slightly sticky, watery liquid that can ooze from your incision after surgery. This fluid is generally transparent or light yellow, but it can be light pink if a small number of red blood cells are present. It is normal to have a small amount of oozing, especially in the early stages after major surgery. Seepage or discharge of any other liquid from the incision suggests the presence of an infection. Infection by certain germs, such as the bacterium Staphylococcus, leads to a grayish white discharge from the incision. The bacterium Pseudomonas causes a characteristic green discharge. The discharge may be associated with a foul odor. Unprovoked bleeding could also indicate an underlying infection. Increased or Unusual Pain Some pain at the site of your surgical incision is normal. It is also normal for this pain to increase when moving or stretching. After surgery, routinely prescribed painkillers should make the pain tolerable. If your pain is troublesome despite painkillers, this may signal an infection. Infections cause the release of chemicals that trigger pain, so new or increasing pain is concerning. A pain score -- in which you rate the intensity of pain from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 representing the worst pain imaginable -- is a useful way to measure your pain. If your pain number suddenly shoots up or is persistently climbing, this suggests the possibility of an infection. Changes to the Surrounding Skin When bacteria are present in the surgical wound, nearby blood vessels enlarge to help combat the infection, making the skin look red. Any redness more than 2 inches away from the incision edge is a cause for concern. The resultant swelling also stretches the skin, especially at the incision's edges. If this becomes severe, the stitches or staples used to close the incision may give way, causing the wound to open up. If infection persists, skin cells may die and parts of the wound can look shriveled and black. If the infection is not promptly treated, it can extend into the surrounding tissues, causing cellulitis -- a serious skin infection that can spread quickly. Warmth and Fever An infected, inflamed incision site can be warm -- or even hot -- to the touch. This is best checked using the back of your fingers or hand because this side can sense temperature better. Surgical infection can also cause a fever. Tiredness, decreased appetite, fast breathing and a rapid heartbeat may accompany the fever. If the infection enters the bloodstream and travels throughout the body, severe symptoms like confusion and organ damage can occur. If untreated, this situation can be life-threatening. When to Seek Medical Attention Notify your doctor if you are experiencing significant pain around your surgical incision site, especially if it is getting worse. This may simply mean that you need more pain medications or it may be a sign of an infection or another complication. You should contact your doctor immediately if you have a fever, notice an unusual discharge or blood coming out of your incision or if your surgical site appears to be opening up or is looking worse in any other way. See your doctor immediately or go the emergency room if you feel very ill, dizzy or confused, as these may indicate that you have a blood infection.

011_2483220

Forensics are ever evolving due to changes and boosts in technology. Whether you are just interested in forensics or studying it, forensics is a very important component of our justice system. Here are some must read books on forensics: This book, written by Dr. D P Lyle, is an introductory manual to several different forensics issues and serves as a great starting point for anyone interested in the forensic sciences. Written by Ngaire Genge, this book explains in detail how responding officers and investigators handle a crime scene- from the very beginning, to the collection of evidence, the presentation of evidence in court and testimony. Written by Dr D P Lyle, Howdunit Forensics presents the development and meaning of forensics, as well as how it works and how it takes a part in helping to solving crimes. Written by W M Dale and Wendy Becker, this book explains the techniques used in forensic science in terms that are easy to understand as well as the psychological aspects of the crime scene teams. This book, written by Larry Ragle, serves a a guide into a forensic investigator’s head to show how they figure out all the aspects of their investigation with the evidence they have. Written by Michael M Baden, Dead Reckoning is about the procedures medical examiners follow as well as evidence found on the body to determine causes of death. This textbook offers an introductory look into the forensics field and also includes case studies, real stories and photographs for a better understanding. Written by Richard Saferstein, this textbook introduces the reader to the field of forensics through DNA, criminal investigations, techniques, and the abilities of crime labs. Written by Jessica Snyder Sachs, Corpse decribes the steps it takes to determine when a person died, as well as many other projects and solved crimes relating to the subject matter. Written by Edward M Robinson, this book stresses the importance of crime scene photos as well as the general principles, concepts, and strategies of crime scene photography. Written by Colin Evans, this book details 100 cases, some famous, and what type of forensics were used to solve each one, with a description of history. Written by David Owen, Hidden Evidence explores the discovery of forensics and the evolution of technology and technique to tell how 40 real crimes were solved, with pictures included. Written by Dr. William R Maples, who was a forensic anthropologist, this book talks about the evolution of forensics and his experiences in solving some of the most famous cases to date. Written by Ross M Gardner, this book is a manuel of how to cover crime scenes while also presenting theories and concepts of the crime scene. Written by Henry Lee and Timothy Palmbach, and Marilyn T Miller, this book goes into collecting evidence at crimes scenes and how to process it, while keeping it general enough for someone who is introductory to understand. Written by Mary H Manhein, this book tells the life of a forensic anthropologist- her infatuation and desire to learn more about anthropology, and the high- profile cases that she has worked on. Written by Michael M Baden, Unnatural Death describes the life this medical examiner and how he uses the bodies to find out everything that happened to them. Written by Katherine Ramsland, this book offers a look into crime scene coverage, evidence techniques, methods for processing a crime scene and also includes references to help along the way. Written by Dr D P Lyle, this book is fact-filled and informative answering questions such as how long it takes bodies to decompose in certain states and many other informative facts. Written by Dr William Bass and Jon Jefferson, this explains the process of several types of forensics as well as decomposition and the many cases they have been involved with over the years.

005_6082410