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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Battle of Wilhelmsthal", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Wilhelmsthal (sometimes written as the Battle of Wilhelmstadt) was fought on 24 June 1762 during the Seven Years' War between on one side the allied forces of British, Prussian, Hanover, Brunswick and Hessian troops under the command of the Duke of Brunswick against the French. Once again, the French threatened Hanover, so the Allies manoeuvered around the French, surrounded the invasion force, and forced them to retreat. It was the last major action fought by Brunswick's force before the Peace of Paris brought an end to the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Dunkirk", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War. The battle was fought between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Battle of Peritheorion", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Peritheorion on 7 July 1345 between the forces of Momchil, the quasi-independent ruler of Rhodope, and an allied Byzantine-Turkish force headed by John VI Kantakouzenos and Umur Bey of Aydin. The two armies met in front of the walls of the city of Peritheorion (near Amaxades, now in ruins), and the battle resulted in a crushing victory for the allied army, with Momchil himself falling in the field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Battle of Qurna (Iraq War)", "paragraph_text": "Battle of Qurna was a battle during the Iraq War between the Multinational force in Iraq and Iraqi insurgents. The battle took part in Al-Qurna. In the battle, the insurgents tried to take the control of the city from the allies, mainly Danish, Lithuanian and British soldiers. The insurgents were later forced to retreat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Hastenbeck", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Hastenbeck (26 July 1757) was fought as part of the Invasion of Hanover during the Seven Years' War between the allied forces of Hanover, Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Brunswick, and the French. The allies were defeated by the French army near Hamelin in the Electorate of Hanover.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Battle of Balaclava", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Balaclava, fought on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War, was part of Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55) to capture the port and fortress of Sevastopol, Russia's principal naval base on the Black Sea. The engagement followed the earlier Allied victory in September at the Battle of the Alma, where the Russian General Menshikov had positioned his army in an attempt to stop the Allies progressing south towards their strategic goal. Alma was the first major encounter fought in the Crimean Peninsula since the Allied landings at Kalamita Bay on 14 September, and was a clear battlefield success; but a tardy pursuit by the Allies failed to gain a decisive victory, allowing the Russians to regroup, recover and prepare their defence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "First Battle of the Marne", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Marne (French: Première bataille de la Marne, also known as the Miracle of the Marne, Le Miracle de la Marne) was a World War I battle fought from 6 -- 10 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German armies in the west. The battle was the culmination of the German advance into France and pursuit of the Allied armies which followed the Battle of the Frontiers in August and had reached the eastern outskirts of Paris. A counter-attack by six French armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) along the Marne River forced the Imperial German Army to retreat north - west, leading to the First Battle of the Aisne and the Race to the Sea. The battle was a victory for the Allied Powers but led to four years of trench warfare stalemate on the Western Front.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Minor naval skirmishes also occurred in the Far East, where at Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula a British and French Allied squadron including HMS Pique under Rear Admiral David Price and a French force under Counter-Admiral Auguste Febvrier Despointes besieged a smaller Russian force under Rear Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin. In September 1854, an Allied landing force was beaten back with heavy casualties, and the Allies withdrew. The Russians escaped under the cover of snow in early 1855 after Allied reinforcements arrived in the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Leyte Gulf was arguably the largest naval battle in history and was the largest naval battle of World War II. It was a series of four distinct engagements fought off the Philippine island of Leyte from 23 to 26 October 1944. Leyte Gulf featured the largest battleships ever built, was the last time in history that battleships engaged each other, and was also notable as the first time that kamikaze aircraft were used. Allied victory in the Philippine Sea established Allied air and sea superiority in the western Pacific. Nimitz favored blockading the Philippines and landing on Formosa. This would give the Allies control of the sea routes to Japan from southern Asia, cutting off substantial Japanese garrisons. MacArthur favored an invasion of the Philippines, which also lay across the supply lines to Japan. Roosevelt adjudicated in favor of the Philippines. Meanwhile, Japanese Combined Fleet Chief Toyoda Soemu prepared four plans to cover all Allied offensive scenarios. On 12 October Nimitz launched a carrier raid against Formosa to make sure that planes based there could not intervene in the landings on Leyte. Toyoda put Plan Sho-2 into effect, launching a series of air attacks against the U.S. carriers. However the Japanese lost 600 planes in three days, leaving them without air cover.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Battle of Seminara", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Seminara, part of the First Italian War, was fought in Calabria on 28 June 1495 between a French garrison in recently conquered Southern Italy and the allied forces of Spain and Naples which were attempting to reconquer these territories. Against the redoubtable combination of gendarmes and Swiss mercenary pikemen in the French force, the allies had only Neapolitan troops of indifferent quality and a small corps of lightly-armed Spanish soldiers, accustomed to fighting the Moors of Spain. The result was a rout, and much of the fighting centered on delaying actions to permit the fleeing allied force to escape. However, although the battle was a decisive French victory from a tactical perspective, it did not prevent the allies from driving the French from southern Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of Luzon", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Luzon (Filipino: \"Labanan sa Luzon\"), fought 9 January – 15 August 1945, was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory. The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan. While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 205,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease), 10,000 American combatants killed, and between 120,000 and 140,000 Filipino civilians and combatants killed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Arab history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the \"Reconquista\" and in the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The Caliph al-Nasir (\"Miramamolín\" in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from the whole Almohad empire. Most of the men in the Almohad army came from the African side of the empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Galicia (Spain)", "paragraph_text": "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Battle of Navarino", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Navarino was a naval battle fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence (1821–32), in Navarino Bay (modern Pylos), on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea. Allied forces from Britain, France, and Russia decisively defeated Ottoman and Egyptian forces trying to suppress the Greeks, thereby making much more likely the independence of Greece. The battle was the last to be fought by only sailing ships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Portugal–Spain relations", "paragraph_text": "Portugal -- Spain relations describes relations between the governments of the Portuguese Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. The two states make up the vast majority of the Iberian Peninsula and as such, the relationship between the two is sometimes known as Iberian relations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Frustrated by the wasted effort, and with demands for action from their citizens, the allied force decided to attack the center of Russian strength in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula. After extended preparations, the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and fought their way to a point south of Sevastopol after a series of successful battles. The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but at the cost of seriously depleting the British Army forces. A second counterattack, ordered personally by Nicholas, was defeated by Omar Pasha. The front settled into a siege and led to horrible conditions for troops on both sides. Smaller actions were carried out in the Baltic, the Caucasus, the White Sea and in the North Pacific.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Franco-Prussian War", "paragraph_text": "On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Napoleon", "paragraph_text": "Napoleon would end up leaving Iberia in order to deal with the Austrians in Central Europe, but the Peninsular War continued on long after his absence. He never returned to Spain after the 1808 campaign. Several months after Corunna, the British sent another army to the peninsula under the future Duke of Wellington. The war then settled into a complex and asymmetric strategic deadlock where all sides struggled to gain the upper hand. The highlight of the conflict became the brutal guerrilla warfare that engulfed much of the Spanish countryside. Both sides committed the worst atrocities of the Napoleonic Wars during this phase of the conflict. The vicious guerrilla fighting in Spain, largely absent from the French campaigns in Central Europe, severely disrupted the French lines of supply and communication. Although France maintained roughly 300,000 troops in Iberia during the Peninsular War, the vast majority were tied down to garrison duty and to intelligence operations. The French were never able to concentrate all of their forces effectively, prolonging the war until events elsewhere in Europe finally turned the tide in favor of the Allies. After the invasion of Russia in 1812, the number of French troops in Spain vastly declined as Napoleon needed reinforcements to conserve his strategic position in Europe. By 1814, after scores of battles and sieges throughout Iberia, the Allies had managed to push the French out of the peninsula.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Battle of Cravant", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Cravant was fought on 31 July 1423, during the Hundred Years' War between English and French forces at the village of Cravant in Burgundy, at a bridge and ford on the banks of the river Yonne, a left-bank tributary of the Seine, southeast of Auxerre. The battle ended in a victory for the English and their Burgundian allies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Battle of Dara", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dara was fought between the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and the Sassanids in 530. It was one of the battles of the Iberian War.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 14790, "question": "Who did the battle first appear to favor?", "answer": "the French", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 19483, "question": "By what year did the Allies force the #1 out of the Iberian peninsula?", "answer": "1814", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Calgary", "paragraph_text": "In 1875, the site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police (now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or RCMP). The NWMP detachment was assigned to protect the western plains from US whisky traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A. Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "VAH-21", "paragraph_text": "The squadron was established on 1 September 1968, as the first squadron in the Navy with a night interdiction mission using new electronic surveillance equipment. Its mission was to interdict logistics moving over land or sea. A detachment of VAH-21 was immediately established at a Navy facility associated with Cam Ranh Air Base, South Vietnam. The detachment had been a Naval Air Test Center Project TRIM Detachment (TRIM: Trails Roads Interdiction Multi-sensor) prior to becoming a VAH-21 detachment. VAH-21 was disestablished on 16 June 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Detached Mission", "paragraph_text": "\"The Detached Mission\" was filmed and released shortly after the second \"Rambo\" installment was released, and according to many observers was the Soviet Union's response to that film. According to the lead actor, , this was the last anti-American Soviet propaganda movie filmed before the Soviet leadership ordered an end to anything that might irritate the U.S. Government. In a 2006 interview, Nozhkin said,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India", "paragraph_text": "The discovery of the sea route to India is the description sometimes used in Europe and among the Portuguese for the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via the Atlantic Ocean. It was undertaken under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama during the reign of King Manuel I in 1497 - 1499. Considered by Europe to be one of the most remarkable voyages of the Age of Discovery, it consolidated the Portuguese maritime presence in Indian Ocean and that country's dominance of global trade routes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Detached Mission", "paragraph_text": "The Detached Mission sometimes translated as Solo Voyage or Solo Journey (, translit. \"Odinochnoye plavanie\") and also known as The Russian Hero is a 1985 Soviet military action film, directed by Mikhail Tumanishvili. In official U.S. Navy parlance, the term \"одиночное плавание\" corresponds to \"independent steaming\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Deutsche EuroShop", "paragraph_text": "Deutsche EuroShop AG is a German-based international real estate investment company headquartered in Hamburg. It is the largest German investor in shopping centers, and the country's only publicly traded company to do so exclusively. At the end of 2010 the firm held investments in 18 properties, of which 14 were in Germany, two in Poland and one each in Austria and Hungary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "TP-82 Cosmonaut survival pistol", "paragraph_text": "The pistol could be used for hunting, to defend against predators and for visible and audible distress signals. The detachable buttstock was also a machete that came with a canvas sheath. TP-82s were carried regularly on Soviet and Russian space missions from 1986 to 2007. They were part of the Soyuz Portable Emergency-Survival Kit (Носимый аварийный запас, \"Nosimyi Avariynyi Zapas\", NAZ). In 2007, the media reported that the remaining ammunition for the TP-82 had become unusable and that a regular semi-automatic pistol would be used on future missions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Thomas Maissen", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Maissen (born 23 October 1962 in Zurich, Switzerland) is a professor of modern history at Heidelberg University and co-director of the Cluster of Excellence \"Asia and Europe in a Global Context\". As of September 2013 he is detached as director of the German Historical Institute in Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime republics such as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa expanded their trade throughout the Mediterranean.[V] Great trading fairs were established and flourished in northern France during the period, allowing Italian and German merchants to trade with each other as well as local merchants. In the late 13th century new land and sea routes to the Far East were pioneered, famously described in The Travels of Marco Polo written by one of the traders, Marco Polo (d. 1324). Besides new trading opportunities, agricultural and technological improvements enabled an increase in crop yields, which in turn allowed the trade networks to expand. Rising trade brought new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, first in Italy and later in France and other countries. New forms of commercial contracts emerged, allowing risk to be shared among merchants. Accounting methods improved, partly through the use of double-entry bookkeeping; letters of credit also appeared, allowing easy transmission of money.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nuyaka Mission", "paragraph_text": "The Nuyaka Mission, Oklahoma site is located in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, approximately 15.7 miles west of the intersection of U.S. Route 75 and State Highway 56 (6th Street) in the City of Okmulgee, Oklahoma. The Nuyaka Mission is included on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma. The mission was established by Alice Mary Robertson at the request of the Creek Council, and run by the Presbyterian Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia", "paragraph_text": "The spice trade was made possible by the maritime trade route. In 1498, the Portuguese navigator, Vasco da Gama, sailed round the Cape of Good Hope and opened up a sea route from Europe to India. Bringing home samples of exotic oriental products, da Gama greatly increased European interest in the new trade route and the new trade route quickly facilitated the expansion of trade. Eventually, the Dutch wrestled control of it from the Portuguese in the 17th century, and in the 18th century, the British gained control of it from the Dutch. Nevertheless, the spice route greatly increased trading activities, deepened the economic relations between Europe and Southeast Asia and as a result, more European merchants found their way to Southeast Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kievan Rus'", "paragraph_text": "The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Volga Bulgars, the Khazars, and across the Caspian Sea as far as Baghdad, providing access to markets and products from Central Asia and the Middle East. Trade from the Baltic also moved south on a network of rivers and short portages along the Dnieper known as the \"route from the Varangians to the Greeks,\" continuing to the Black Sea and on to Constantinople. Kiev was a central outpost along the Dnieper route and a hub with the east-west overland trade route between the Khazars and the Germanic lands of Central Europe. These commercial connections enriched Rus' merchants and princes, funding military forces and the construction of churches, palaces, fortifications, and further towns. Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Muslim world", "paragraph_text": "Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "All Quiet on the Western Front", "paragraph_text": "All Quiet on the Western Front (German: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit. 'In the West Nothing New') is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "RWE Supply & Trading CZ", "paragraph_text": "RWE Supply & Trading CZ is the largest natural gas trading company in the Czech Republic. It is owned by the German energy company RWE.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Exploration of North America", "paragraph_text": "The Viking voyages did not become common knowledge in the Old World, and Europeans remained unaware of the existence of the Americas as a whole, until the first decades following the year 1492. Many expeditions were launched from European nations in search of a Northwest Passage to East Asia (or ``the Indies ''as the region was called) in order to establish a shorter trade route to China than the Silk Road, a trade route which had become desperately needed and yet exacerbated by the Fall of Constantinople. Also, the Castilian crown needed an alternative to the Portuguese controlled eastern maritime trade route around Africa to India and East Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India", "paragraph_text": "The discovery of the sea route to India is the description sometimes used in Europe and among the Portuguese for the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via the Atlantic Ocean. It was undertaken under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama during the reign of King Manuel I in 1497 - 1499. Considered by Europe to be one of the most remarkable voyages of the Age of Discovery, it consolidated the Portuguese maritime presence in Pacific Ocean and that country's dominance of global trade routes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hellweg Börde", "paragraph_text": "The Hellweg Börde (German: \"Hellwegbörde\") is a \"börde\" landscape and natural region on the southern edge of the Westphalian Lowland in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which embraces the old Hellweg trading route cities and towns of Dortmund, Unna, Werl and Soest extending to Salzkotten and from there in an ever narrower strip to its northeastern tip at Schlangen on the edge of the town of Bad Lippspringe. It is characterised by its heavy deposits of post ice age loess soils. The region can be further divided into the Werl-Unna Börde, Soest Börde and Geseke Börde.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Founding of modern Singapore", "paragraph_text": "In 1818, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the British colony at Bencoolen. Raffles believed that the British should find a way to challenge the dominance of the Dutch in the area. The trade route between China and British India passed through the Malacca Strait, and with the growing trade with China, that route would become increasingly important. However, the Dutch had tight control over the trade in the region and intended to enforce the exclusive rights of its company ships to trade, and that trade should be conducted at its entrepot Batavia. British trading ships were heavily taxed at Dutch ports, stifling British trade in the region.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106411, "question": "Which was the country for The Detached Mission?", "answer": "Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 23358, "question": "What was the trade route between german and #1 ?", "answer": "occupied Polish territories", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Bermuda", "paragraph_text": "The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony. The Crown strengthened its political and economic ties to Bermuda, and the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "French colonial empire", "paragraph_text": "The French colonial empire began to fall during the Second World War, when various parts were occupied by foreign powers (Japan in Indochina, Britain in Syria, Lebanon, and Madagascar, the United States and Britain in Morocco and Algeria, and Germany and Italy in Tunisia). However, control was gradually reestablished by Charles de Gaulle. The French Union, included in the Constitution of 1946, nominally replaced the former colonial empire, but officials in Paris remained in full control. The colonies were given local assemblies with only limited local power and budgets. There emerged a group of elites, known as evolués, who were natives of the overseas territories but lived in metropolitan France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Thirteen Colonies", "paragraph_text": "The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems and were dominated by Protestant English - speakers. They were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included colonies in Canada and the Caribbean, as well as East and West Florida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "John Marshall", "paragraph_text": "John Marshall (September 24, 1755 -- July 6, 1835) was an American politician. He was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801 -- 1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and many say he made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Previously, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He was Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801 and, at the age of 45, became the last of the chief justices to be born in Colonial America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Provinces and territories of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The provinces and territories of Canada are the administrative divisions that are responsible for the delivery of sub-national governance within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, upon Confederation, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) -- were united to form a federated colony, which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, and Quebec was originally a French colony, while others were added as Canada grew. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second - largest country by area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "History of Canada", "paragraph_text": "With the end of the Seven Years' War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763), France ceded almost all of its remaining territory in mainland North America, except for fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon where its fishermen could dry their fish. France had already secretly ceded its vast Louisiana territory to Spain under the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) in which King Louis XV of France had given his cousin King Charles III of Spain the entire area of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. France and Spain kept the Treaty of Fontainebleau secret from other countries until 1764. In return for acquiring Canada, Britain returned to France its most important sugar - producing colony, Guadeloupe, which the French at the time considered more valuable than Canada. (Guadeloupe produced more sugar than all the British islands combined, and Voltaire had notoriously dismissed Canada as ``Quelques arpents de neige '',`` A few acres of snow'').", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 were women. The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Thirteen Colonies", "paragraph_text": "The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and were dominated by Protestant English - speakers. They were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included colonies in Canada and the Caribbean, as well as East and West Florida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "John Marshall", "paragraph_text": "John Marshall (September 24, 1755 -- July 6, 1835) was an American politician and the fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801 -- 1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and many say he made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Previously, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He was Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801 and, at the age of 45, became the last of the chief justices to be born in Colonial America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Slavery in international law", "paragraph_text": "The concept has its roots in the 1807 Abolition of Slavery Act of Great Britain. Many academics in the field perceive this as the beginning of the end of the traditional form of slavery: chattel slavery. In the 19th century, Britain controlled the majority of the world through its colonies. Consequently, in passing this law to abolish slavery, the British Parliament abolished slavery in the vast majority of its colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754–63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "British America", "paragraph_text": "British America gained large amounts of new territory following the Treaty of Paris (1763) which ended British involvement in the Seven Years' War. At the start of the American War of Independence in 1775, the British Empire included twenty colonies north and east of New Spain (present - day areas of Mexico and the Western United States). East and West Florida were ceded to Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1783) which ended the American Revolution, and then ceded by Spain to the United States in 1819. The remaining continental colonies of British North America formed the Dominion of Canada by uniting between 1867 and 1873. The Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792 -- 1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century. Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica (``British Peace ''), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815 -- 1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the`` workshop of the world''. The British Empire expanded to include most of India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its own colonies, its dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "paragraph_text": "A former colony and then dominion of the United Kingdom, Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933, following significant economic distress caused by the Great Depression and the aftermath of Newfoundland's participation in World War I. It became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31, 1949, as ``Newfoundland. ''On December 6, 2001, an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the province's official name to Newfoundland and Labrador.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Battle of Hohenlinden", "paragraph_text": "This crushing victory, coupled with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's victory at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800, ended the War of the Second Coalition. In February 1801, the Austrians signed the Treaty of Lunéville, accepting French control up to the Rhine and the French puppet republics in Italy and the Netherlands. The subsequent Treaty of Amiens between France and Britain began the longest break in the wars of the Napoleonic period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's ``imperial century ''by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of`` splendid isolation''. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been described by some historians as an ``Informal Empire ''.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Name of Canada", "paragraph_text": "European explorer Jacques Cartier transcribed the word as ``Canada ''and was the first to use the word to refer not only to the village of Stadacona but also to the neighbouring region and to the Saint Lawrence River, which he called rivière de Canada during his second voyage in 1535. By the mid 1500s, European books and maps began referring to this region as Canada. Canada became the name of a colony in New France that stretched along the St. Lawrence River. The terms`` Canada'' and ``New France ''were often used interchangeably during the colonial period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Nicolas Dorion", "paragraph_text": "Nicolas Dorion (August 6, 1764 – July 7, 1826) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Devon in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1796 to 1800.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Economy of Malta", "paragraph_text": "During the Napoleonic Wars (1800–1815), Malta's economy prospered and became the focal point of a major trading system. In 1808, two thirds of the cargo consigned from Malta went to Levant and Egypt. Later, one half of the cargo was usually destined for Trieste. Cargo consisted of largely British and colonial-manufactured goods. Malta's economy became prosperous from this trade and many artisans, such as weavers, found new jobs in the port industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The In-Between World of Vikram Lall", "paragraph_text": "The In-Between World of Vikram Lall is a novel by M. G. Vassanji, published in 2003 by Doubleday Canada. The novel won the Scotiabank Giller Prize that year and narrates a story of Vikram Lall in the colonial and post-colonial Kenya. The title for the novel also inspired the title for Elizabeth Nunez's novel \"Anna In-Between\", published in 2009.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 76701, "question": "who controlled the world at the end of the 1800s", "answer": "Britain", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 74420, "question": "when did canada became a colony of #1", "answer": "1763", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sofia Lind", "paragraph_text": "Sofia Lind, born 4 September 1975, is a Swedish cross-country skier. She won the women's race at the Vasaloppet four times, in 1997, 1999, 2004 and 2005. She also had the best time among the women in 1996, but prior to 1997, there was no official women's championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alsace", "paragraph_text": "The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. While 39% of the adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, only one in four children speaks it, and only one in ten children uses it regularly.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sunt Förnuft", "paragraph_text": "Sunt Förnuft (meaning \"Common Sense\" in English) is a Swedish language finance magazine published in Stockholm, Sweden, and owned by the Swedish Taxpayers Association. Founded in 1921, it is one of the oldest magazines in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Allt som jag känner", "paragraph_text": "Both the English-language and the Swedish language-versions of the songs can be heard in the 1988 film \"PS Last Summer\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Finland", "paragraph_text": "Finland (/ ˈfɪnlənd / (listen); Finnish: Suomi (suo̯mi) (listen); Swedish: Finland (ˈfɪnland)), officially the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. The country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. To the south is the Gulf of Finland with Estonia on the opposite side. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Languages of Sweden", "paragraph_text": "Swedish evolved from Old Norse around the 14th and 15th century, and historically, the Swedish dialects were generally much more different than today. Since the 20th century Standard Swedish prevails throughout the country. The Scandinavian languages constitute a dialectal continuum and some of the traditional Swedish dialects could equally be described as Danish (Scanian) or Norwegian (Jamtlandic).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Winhill/Losehill", "paragraph_text": "Winhill/Losehill is a Swedish six-member musical band from Umeå, Sweden led by vocalist Jonas Svennem Lundberg. The band's name is taken from two mountains located in the English village of Hope, Derbyshire, namely Win Hill and Lose Hill. It is a tribute to the location where Jonas Svennem Lundberg took part in a folk music camp at a younger age.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Official Languages Act (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Official Languages Act (French: Loi sur les langues officielles) is a Canadian law that came into force on September 9, 1969, which gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. This makes them ``official ''languages, having preferred status in law over all other languages. Although the Official Languages Act is not the only piece of federal language law, it is the legislative keystone of Canada's official bilingualism. It was substantially amended in 1988. Both languages are equal in Canada's government and in all the services it controls, such as the courts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Damernas Värld", "paragraph_text": "Damernas Värld (meaning \"Women's World\" in English) is a Swedish language monthly fashion and women's magazine published in Stockholm, Sweden. It is one of the oldest magazines in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Languages of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Many languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in the United States. Today over 500 languages are used by the U.S. population. The most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English), which is the de facto national language of the United States. Since the 1965 Immigration Act, Spanish is the second most common language in the country. The United States does not have an official language, but some state governments recognize specific languages. For instance, the state government of Louisiana offers services and documents in French, as does New Mexico in Spanish. There are many languages indigenous to North America or to U.S. states or holdings in the Pacific region. Hawaiian, although having few native speakers, is an official language along with English of the state of Hawaii. Alaska officializes English and twenty native languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hep Stars", "paragraph_text": "The Hep Stars were a Swedish rock group, formed in 1963 in Stockholm. During 1965-66 the band was the most successful of contemporary 1960s Swedish pop groups performing in the English language. Outside The Nordic Countries the band is best known as a launching point for the keyboard player and composer Benny Andersson, who went on to enjoy worldwide success with ABBA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Finland", "paragraph_text": "Finnish and Swedish are the official languages of Finland. Finnish predominates nationwide while Swedish is spoken in some coastal areas in the west and south and in the autonomous region of Åland. The native language of 89% of the population is Finnish, which is part of the Finnic subgroup of the Uralic languages. The language is one of only four official EU languages not of Indo-European origin. Finnish is closely related to Karelian and Estonian and more remotely to the Sami languages and Hungarian. Swedish is the native language of 5.3% of the population (Swedish-speaking Finns).The Nordic languages and Karelian are also specially treated in some contexts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Canton of Zürich", "paragraph_text": "The canton of Zürich ( ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of (as of ), it is the most populated canton in the country.. Its capital is the city of Zürich. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called \"Züritüütsch\", is commonly spoken. In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ten Canoes", "paragraph_text": "In October 2006 \"Ten Canoes\" was chosen as Australia's official entry into the Best Foreign Language Film category for the 2007 Academy Awards, thus becoming the third Australian film to be considered for the award. following \"Floating Life\" in 1996 and \"La Spagnola\" in 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the \"equality of all Eritrean languages\". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "As It Is in Heaven", "paragraph_text": "As It Is in Heaven () is a Swedish film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 3 September 2004, directed by Kay Pollak and starring Michael Nyqvist and Frida Hallgren. It was a box office hit in Sweden and several other countries. It was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the Hollywood 77th Academy Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools. English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the creation of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. As a country of immigrants, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia (some 130,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel), Russian and Amharic are widely spoken. More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004. French is spoken by around 700,000 Israelis, mostly originating from France and North Africa (see Maghrebi Jews).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of territorial entities where German is an official language", "paragraph_text": "Country Population 2014 / 2015 Speakers Notes (native) (second) Germany 81,083,600 74,430,000 (91.8%) 5,600,000 (6.9%) Sole nationwide official language Belgium 11,245,629 73,000 (0.6%) 2,472,746 (22%) De jure nationwide co-official language (majority language only in German speaking community) Austria 8,602,112 7,999,964 (93%) 516,000 (6%) De jure sole nationwide official language Switzerland 8,256,000 5,329,393 (64.6%) 395,000 (5%) Co-official language at federal level; de jure sole official language in 17, co-official in 4 cantons (out of 26) Luxembourg 562,958 11,000 (2%) 380,000 (67.5%) De jure nationwide co-official language Liechtenstein 37,370 32,075 (85.8%) 5,200 (13.9%) De jure sole nationwide official language Total 109,787,669 87,875,432 9,368,946 Total speakers: 97,244,378", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Solsken", "paragraph_text": "\"Solsken\" (\"Sunshine\") is a single by Swedish pop group Gyllene Tider. Written by the band's lead singer Per Gessle, it was released on 29 September 2004 as the second single from \"Finn 5 fel!\", which was the best-selling album in Sweden during 2004. The single peaked at No. 20 on the Swedish singles chart, becoming the thirteenth single by the band to chart in their home country and became a new entry at No. 5 on the Svensktoppen (Sveriges Radio chart) before peaking at No. 3 a week later.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106055, "question": "Which was the country for Winhill/Losehill?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 64745, "question": "when did swedish become the official language of #1", "answer": "20th century", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sani Yakubu Rodi", "paragraph_text": "Sani Yakubu Rodi (b. 1975 or 1981, according to conflicting reports) was the first prisoner to be executed under state-level Sharia law in Nigeria. He was hanged in a prison in Katsina State on January 3, 2002, for the 2001 fatal stabbing of a woman and her two children; however, he did not have legal representation at his trial (opting for self-defense), and had pleaded not guilty at his initial hearing, but had changed to a guilty plea at a later hearing, after which he was sentenced to death by hanging.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Elizabeth Woolcock", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Woolcock (20 April 1848 – 30 December 1873) was born Elizabeth Lillian Oliver in Burra Burra and was hanged in Adelaide Gaol for the murder of her husband Thomas Woolcock by mercury poisoning. She remains the only woman ever executed in South Australia and is buried between the outer and inner prison walls. It has been argued that she may have been a victim of domestic violence and suffered from battered spouse syndrome.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ruth Ellis", "paragraph_text": "Ruth Ellis (9 October 1926 -- 13 July 1955) was a British model and nightclub hostess. She was the last woman to be hanged in the United Kingdom, after being convicted of the murder of her lover, David Blakely.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Woman with a Fan", "paragraph_text": "La Femme à l'Éventail, or Woman with a Fan, is a painting by the French artist Jean Metzinger. The work was exhibited in 1914 at Moderni Umeni, S.V.U. Mánes, Prague. A 1914 photograph taken at the exhibition in Prague was published in the magazine \"\" showing \"Woman with a Fan\" hanging next to another work by Metzinger known as \"En Canot (Im Boot, The Boat)\", 1913. Donated by Mr. and Mrs. Sigmund Kunstadter in 1959, \"Woman with a Fan\" forms part of the permanent collection in Gallery 391B (Medieval to Modern European Painting and Sculpture) at the Art Institute of Chicago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hang in Long Enough", "paragraph_text": "\"Hang in Long Enough\" is a single performed by Phil Collins and released in 1990 from the album \"...But Seriously\". It was the sixth and last single from the album. The song was a moderate hit, reaching the #23 spot on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #34 on the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Woman (Sensuous Woman)", "paragraph_text": "\"Woman (Sensuous Woman)\" is a 1972 single by Don Gibson. \"Woman (Sensuous Woman)\" was Don Gibson's final number one on the country charts spending one week at the top and a total of sixteen weeks on the charts. Other artists released their versions of \"Woman (Sensuous Woman),\" including Ray Charles on his 1984 album \"Do I Ever Cross Your Mind,\" and Mark Chesnutt, whose version under the title \"Woman, Sensuous Woman\" peaked at #21 in the Country Music charts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know", "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know\" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her second studio album, Oops!... I Did It Again (2000). It was released on January 15, 2001, by Jive Records as the fourth and final single from the album. After meeting with producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange in Switzerland, Spears recorded several songs for the album, including \"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know\", which she considered one of her favorites on the album. Additional lyrics were written by guitar player Keith Scott and country pop singer Shania Twain. The teen pop ballad speaks of a woman wanting to hear her boyfriend say that he needs loves her, and is sonically similar to David Bowie and Iggy Pop's song \"China Girl\" (1983).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jean Lee (murderer)", "paragraph_text": "Jean Lee (10 December 1919 – 19 February 1951) was an Australian woman, convicted of murder, and notable as the last woman to be executed in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chester La Follette", "paragraph_text": "Robert Chester La Follette (March 31, 1897 in Pullman, Washington – May 24, 1993 in White Plains, New York), was an American painter. His portrait of his cousin Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr. hangs in the Senate Reception Room of the United States Capitol. Allyn Cox supervised the placement of the painting in the United States Capitol.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Wilhelm Frick", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 – 16 October 1946) was a prominent German politician of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), who served as Reich Minister of the Interior in the Hitler Cabinet from 1933 to 1943 and as the last governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. After World War II, he was tried and convicted of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials and executed by hanging.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Capital punishment in Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The only woman executed after independence was Annie Walsh in 1925. She and her nephew blamed each other for the murder of her elderly husband. The press expected only the nephew to be found guilty, but both were. She was hanged aged 31 in spite of the jury recommending clemency.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Reporters Without Borders organised several symbolic protests, including scaling the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it, and hanging an identical banner from the Notre Dame cathedral.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hart Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Hart Glacier is a small hanging glacier on the south wall of Wright Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Meserve Glacier and Goodspeed Glacier. It was named by U.S. geologist Robert Nichols for Roger Hart, a geological assistant to Nichols at nearby Marble Point in the 1959–60 field season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "A Woman Always Knows", "paragraph_text": "\"A Woman Always Knows\" is a single by American country music artist David Houston. Released in December 1970, it was the second single from his album \"A Woman Always Knows\". The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tycoon (band)", "paragraph_text": "Tycoon was an American rock band from New York City. The group released two records on Arista Records. \"Such a Woman\" charted one Top 40 hit single in 1979, \"Such a Woman\" (U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 #26) was produced by Robert \"Mutt\" Lange, Their 1981 album, \"Turn Out the Lights\", was produced by Vini Poncia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "A Woman in Flames", "paragraph_text": "A Woman in Flames (Die flambierte Frau, literally \"The Flambéed Woman\") is a German drama film from 1983, directed by Robert van Ackeren, starring Gudrun Landgrebe, Mathieu Carrière, and Hanns Zischler. The film was selected as the West German entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 56th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Robert Fausset", "paragraph_text": "Robert Fausset (born 8 August 1934) is a former Fine Gael politician from County Cavan in Ireland. He was nominated to Seanad Éireann in October 1981 and served until April 1982. He was a member of Cavan County Council for the Ballyjamesduff electoral area from 1999–2004. He stood for election to Dáil Éireann for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency, at the 1981 and February 1982 general elections, but was unsuccessful on both occasions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "My Woman, My Woman, My Wife", "paragraph_text": "``My Woman, My Woman, My Wife ''is a song written and recorded by American country artist Marty Robbins. It was released in January 1970 as the first single and title track from the album My Woman, My Woman, My Wife. The song was Robbins' 14th number one on the country chart. The single spent a single week at number one and spent a total of 15 weeks on the country charts. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Country Song in 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 were women. The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Good Woman Blues", "paragraph_text": "\"Good Woman Blues\" is a song written by Ken McDuffie and recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in September 1976 as the second single from the album \"Love Revival\". \"Good Woman Blues\" was Mel Tillis' second number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 104387, "question": "Which country is Robert Fausset from?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 58554, "question": "who was the last woman to be hanged in #1", "answer": "Annie Walsh", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Life Electric", "paragraph_text": "Life Electric was designed by Daniel Libeskind, and was a gift to Como, the city where the architect located his \"“Summer Session”\" school of architecture, in 1988.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dynamic Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Dynamic Tower (also known as Dynamic Architecture Building or the Da Vinci Tower) is a proposed , 80-floor moving skyscraper, designed by architect David Fisher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Weekenders", "paragraph_text": "The Weekenders is an American animated television series created by Doug Langdale. It centers on the weekend life of four seventh graders: Tino, Lor, Carver, and Tish. The series initially aired on ABC and UPN, but was later moved to Toon Disney.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings. London's skyscrapers such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square are mostly in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf. High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings. Nevertheless, there are a number of very tall skyscrapers in central London (see Tall buildings in London), including the 95-storey Shard London Bridge, the tallest building in the European Union.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Shibuya Hikarie", "paragraph_text": "The is a Tokyu skyscraper and retail complex completed in 2012 and located in the Shibuya shopping district of Tokyo, Japan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Eddie Lund", "paragraph_text": "He grew up in Vancouver, Washington, USA, and later moved to Oregon where he worked as a pianist. He later moved to Tahiti in either 1936 or 1938 where he stayed permanently and published and released many records. He was the leader of a popular band, Eddie Lund and His Tahitians which released records on the ABC-Paramount and Tahiti labels. He picked up the Tahitian language quickly and secured a residence at Quinns night club in Papeete.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John Uzzell", "paragraph_text": "He also played for Torquay United, between 1989 and 1992, before moving into coaching. In later life, he also worked as a postman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jules Regnault", "paragraph_text": "During the first years of his life, Jules Regnault lived in the département du Nord (France) where his father worked. When his father died on January 16, 1846, in Paris, his family moved to Brussels, where Odilon, Jules’ brother, became a writer and a student at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in advanced mathematics. Jules’ family was not rich, and consequently, Odilon was except from serving in the military service and from paying his University registration. At the beginning of the 1860s, the two brothers moved to Paris and became brokers. In all probability, when Jules and Odilon arrived in Paris, their financial resources were low because they lived in one (or two) garret room(s), for which no tax had to be paid. However, Jules Regnault became a millionaire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Memory", "paragraph_text": "Stressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss later on. The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus are destroyed due to glucocorticoids decreasing the release of glucose and the reuptake of glutamate. This high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors which in return kills neurons. Stressful life experiences can also cause repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind. This directly relates to traumatic events in one's past such as kidnappings, being prisoners of war or sexual abuse as a child.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Waris Dirie", "paragraph_text": "Dirie along with a few relatives later moved to London, where she resided with and worked for an uncle, who had been appointed Somali ambassador. When his term in office ended, Waris remained in the city and held a job at a local McDonald's. She also began evening classes to learn English.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ufuoma McDermott", "paragraph_text": "Ejenobor was born in Benin City to Nigerian parents who hail from Delta State in Nigeria. She moved a lot - from Benin City to Jos, where she spent the better part of her toddler years, and later to Lagos, where she has lived for the greater part of her life and still resides till date. At the age of seven, her father coined a pet name for her: ISIO (which means \"star\" in Urhobo). She was so named after the star actress of the TELEFEST programme put together by NTA Benin, \"The Pot of Life\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, colloquially known as the Met Life Tower, is a landmark skyscraper, built in 1909 and located on Madison Avenue near the intersection with East 23rd Street, across from Madison Square Park in Manhattan, New York City. Designed by the architectural firm of Napoleon LeBrun & Sons and Purdy and Henderson, Engineers, built by the Hedden Construction Company, the tower is modeled after the Campanile in Venice, Italy. The hotel located in the clock tower portion of the building has the address 5 Madison Avenue, while the office building covering the rest of the block, occupied primarily by Credit Suisse, is referred to as 1 Madison Avenue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "John Lofland (poet)", "paragraph_text": "John Lofland (1798–1849), widely known as the \"Milford Bard\" of Milford, Delaware, was a prolific and widely read writer of prose, verse, and speeches. He grew up and spent much of his life in \"The Towers\" on North West Front Street in Milford. Later in his life he moved to Baltimore, Maryland where he associated with Edgar Allan Poe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dark Reflections", "paragraph_text": "\"Dark Reflections\" tells the story of Arnold Hawley, a gay, African-American poet who lives most of his life in New York City. The novel is divided into three sections, each illustrating a period in Arnold's life. Where most novels would start in youth and move towards old age, \"Dark Reflections\" begins, instead, with Arnold between the ages of 52 and 68, then moves backwards to his middle 30s, and finally recounts his early college days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kagoshima Prefectural Government Building", "paragraph_text": "The is a skyscraper located in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Construction of the 93-metre, 18-storey skyscraper was finished in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Walter M. Chandler", "paragraph_text": "He established his law practice in Dallas, Texas, and three years later moved to New York City, where he continued the practice of law and engaged in writing and lecturing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The World Centre", "paragraph_text": "The World Centre is an office skyscraper located in Makati, Philippines. It is owned by Megaworld Corp. It stands at 152.4 metres (500 feet), and is located on the largest central business district of the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Porte Kanazawa", "paragraph_text": "The is a skyscraper located in Kanazawa, Isikawa Prefecture, Japan. Construction of the 131-metre, 30-story skyscraper was finished in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art", "paragraph_text": "The Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art (SAMA) is an art museum with four locations in southwestern Pennsylvania in the United States. It is headquartered at Saint Francis University in Loretto, where it was founded in 1976. Other locations were opened later in Hollidaysburg in (1979 which moved to Altoona in 1995), Johnstown (1982), and Ligonier (1997).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Fuller Building", "paragraph_text": "The Fuller Building is an office skyscraper in Manhattan located at 41 East 57th Street on the corner of Madison Avenue. It was built for the Fuller Construction Company in 1929 after they moved from the Flatiron Building. The building was designed by Walker & Gillette in the Art Deco style, although in a very conservative fashion. The building's exterior features architectural sculpture by Elie Nadelman, and the interior has richly decorated vestibules and lobbies featuring marble walls, bronze detailing, and mosaic floors.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160546, "question": "Where did Dirie move later in life?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 26316, "question": "Most of #1 's skyscrapers are located where?", "answer": "in the two financial districts", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Office of National Drug Control Policy", "paragraph_text": "Office of National Drug Control Policy Agency overview Formed October 27, 1986; 30 years ago (1986 - 10 - 27) Headquarters Washington, D.C., U.S. Annual budget $31.4 billion Agency executive Richard Baum (Acting), Director Parent agency Executive Office of the President Website usa.gov/federal-agencies/office-of-national-drug-control-policy", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "United States budget process", "paragraph_text": "There is no obligation for either or both houses of Congress to pass a budget resolution. There may not be a resolution every year; if none is established, the previous year's resolution remains in force. For example, the Senate has not passed a budget resolution for FY2011, FY2012, or FY2013, and passed the FY2014 budget resolution on March 23, 2013, 23 days before the April 15 deadline set by the No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. This was the first budget resolution passed by the Senate since a FY2010 budget passed on April 29, 2009. The House and Senate may propose a budget independently of the President's budget. For example, for the 2014 budget process, the House prepared its budget proposal on March 21 and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23, while the President's budget was not submitted until April 10.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of hip hop dance", "paragraph_text": "More than 50 years old, hip - hop dance became widely known after the first professional street - based dance crews formed in the 1970s in the United States. The most influential groups were Rock Steady Crew, New York City Breakers, The Lockers, and The Electric Boogaloos who are responsible for the spread of breaking, locking, and popping respectively. The Brooklyn - based dance style uprock influenced breaking early in its development. Boogaloo gained more exposure because it is the namesake of the Electric Boogaloos crew. Uprock, roboting, and boogaloo are respected dance styles but none of them are as mainstream or popular as breaking, locking, and popping.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017", "paragraph_text": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Full title An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018. Colloquial name (s) GOP Tax Reform; Trump Tax Cuts Introduced in 115th United States Congress Introduced on November 2, 2017 Citations Public Law 115 -- 97 Stat. 131 Stat. 2054 Effects and codifications Act (s) affected Internal Revenue Code of 1986 Agencies affected Internal Revenue Service Legislative history Introduced in the House of Representatives as H.R. 1 by Kevin Brady (R -- TX) on November 2, 2017 Committee consideration by: House Committee on Ways and Means; passed committee on November 9, 2017, as ``Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ''(24 -- 16) Passed the House of Representatives on November 16, 2017 (227 -- 205) Passed the Senate on December 2, 2017 (51 -- 49) Reported by the joint conference committee on December 15, 2017; agreed to by the Senate on December 20, 2017 (51 -- 48) and by the House of Representatives on December 19, 2017 and December 20, 2017 (227 -- 203 224 -- 201) Signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "paragraph_text": "J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Central Intelligence Agency", "paragraph_text": "Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend \"un-vouchered\" government money. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion. According to the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures, the CIA's fiscal 2013 budget is $14.7 billion, 28% of the total and almost 50% more than the budget of the National Security Agency. CIA's HUMINT budget is $2.3 billion, the SIGINT budget is $1.7 billion, and spending for security and logistics of CIA missions is $2.5 billion. \"Covert action programs\", including a variety of activities such as the CIA's drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities, accounts for $2.6 billion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Saginaw, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Saginaw is an unincorporated community 2.5 miles north of Calera in Shelby County, Alabama, United States with zip code 35137. It is part of the Birmingham-Hoover-Cullman Combined Statistical Area. It is located southeast of Alabaster on the east side of Interstate 65 at the intersection of State Route 70 and U.S. Route 31.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "National Park Service", "paragraph_text": "National Park Service National Park Service Arrowhead Guidon of the National Park Service Agency overview Formed August 25, 1916; 101 years ago (1916 - 08 - 25) Jurisdiction United States federal government Headquarters 1849 C Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20240 Employees 15,828 permanent, 1,256 term, 2,984 seasonal (2007) Annual budget $2.924 billion (2009) Agency executive Mike Reynolds, Acting Director Parent agency Department of the Interior Website www.NPS.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit, but can resume after a four-year break. The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau", "paragraph_text": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Agency overview Formed July 21, 2011; 6 years ago (2011 - 07 - 21) Jurisdiction United States Headquarters Washington, D.C. Employees 1,623 (2016) Annual budget US $605.9 million (FY 2016) Agency executives Richard Cordray, Director David Silberman, Deputy Director Key document Dodd -- Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Website www.consumerfinance.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "United States budget process", "paragraph_text": "The United States budget process begins when the President of the United States submits a budget request to Congress. The President's budget is formulated over a period of months with the assistance of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the largest office within the Executive Office of the President. The budget request includes funding requests for all federal executive departments and independent agencies. Budget documents include supporting documents and historical budget data and contains detailed information on spending and revenue proposals, along with policy proposals and initiatives with significant budgetary implications. The President's budget request constitutes an extensive proposal of the administration's intended revenue and spending plans for the following fiscal year. The budget proposal includes volumes of supporting information intended to persuade Congress of the necessity and value of the budget provisions. In addition, each federal executive department and independent agency provides additional detail and supporting documentation on its own funding requests. The documents are also posted on the OMB website.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Secretary of State of Washington", "paragraph_text": "Office of the Secretary of State Agency overview Headquarters Olympia, Washington, United States Annual budget $25,260,000 (2017 - 2019 biennium) Agency executive Kim Wyman, Secretary of State Website sos.wa.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "United States Food Administration", "paragraph_text": "Under the direction of Herbert Hoover the U.S. Food Administration employed its Grain Corporation, organized under the provisions of the Food Control Act of August 10, 1917, as an agency for the purchase and sale of foodstuff. Having done transactions in the size of $7 billion it was rendered obsolete by the armistice in Europe. President Woodrow Wilson promoted its transition in a new agency for the support of the reconstruction of Europe. It became the American Relief Administration, approved by an Act (Public, No. 274, 65th Congress) on February 25, 1919.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration", "paragraph_text": "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration logo Agency overview Formed December 31, 1970; 47 years ago (1970 - 12 - 31) Preceding agency National Highway Safety Bureau Jurisdiction U.S. motor vehicles Headquarters Washington, D.C., U.S. Motto ``People saving people ''Employees 610 (FY 2015 Enacted) Annual budget $908,000,000 (2016 Request) Agency executives Heidi King, Deputy Administrator Jack Danielson, Executive Director Parent department Department of Transportation Website nhtsa.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "My Ántonia", "paragraph_text": "The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century. Both the pioneers who first break the prairie sod for farming, as well as of the harsh but fertile land itself, feature in this American novel. The first year in the very new place leaves strong impressions in both children, affecting them lifelong.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "paragraph_text": "Star Trek: Discovery Genre Science fiction Adventure Drama Created by Bryan Fuller Alex Kurtzman Based on Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry Starring Sonequa Martin - Green Doug Jones Shazad Latif Anthony Rapp Mary Wiseman Jason Isaacs Composer (s) Jeff Russo Alexander Courage (original theme) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 9 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Bryan Fuller David Semel (1x01) Eugene Roddenberry Trevor Roth Akiva Goldsman Heather Kadin Gretchen J. Berg Aaron Harberts Alex Kurtzman Producer (s) Geoffrey Hemwall April Nocifora Aaron Baiers Jill Danton Nicholas Meyer (consulting) Craig Sweeny (consulting) Location (s) Toronto Cinematography Guillermo Navarro Colin Hoult Production company (s) Secret Hideout Roddenberry Entertainment Living Dead Guy Productions CBS Television Studios Distributor CBS Television Distribution Budget US $8 -- 8.5 million per episode Release Original network CBS (1x01) CBS All Access Original release September 24, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 24) -- present (present) Chronology Preceded by Star Trek: Enterprise Related shows Star Trek TV series External links Star Trek: Discovery - CBS.com www.cbs.com/shows/star-trek-discovery/", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Heirs to the Dare", "paragraph_text": "Heirs to the Dare is a reality television show which premiered on March 10, 2014 on The Discovery Channel. The show followed three stunt performers in the footsteps of daredevils past, primarily Evel Knievel, to perform dangerous stunts today. The three stunt performers are Henry “The Pitbull” Rife, Bubba Blackwell, and Super Joe Reed. Discovery describes the show as \"Bubba, Henry, and Super Joe soar through the air on bikes and ATVs for the thrill of it. They break bones, but they also break records.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Central Intelligence Agency", "paragraph_text": "There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the Marshall Plan was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Themroc", "paragraph_text": "Themroc is a 1973 French satirical film by director Claude Faraldo. It was produced by François de Lannurien and Helène Vager and its original music was composed by Harald Maury. Made on a low budget with no intelligible dialog, \"Themroc\" tells the story of a French blue collar worker who rebels against modern society, reverting into an urban caveman. The film's scenes of incest and cannibalism earned it adults-only ratings. It was the first film to be shown in the UK's Channel 4's red triangle series of controversial films in 1986. It has become a cult film.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 13651, "question": "What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?", "answer": "CIA", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 33822, "question": "What was the first year the #1 's budget was disclosed?", "answer": "1963", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tellico Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "Tellico Reservoir, also known as Tellico Lake, is a reservoir in Tennessee, created by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1979 upon the completion of Tellico Dam. The dam impounds the Little Tennessee River and the lower Tellico River. While TVA is careful to refer to its artificial lakes as reservoirs (such as \"Tellico Reservoir\"), common usage tends to refer to the reservoir as \"Tellico Lake\". The lake is approximately 16,000 acres in surface area and provides 357 miles of shoreline.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Franz Josef Land", "paragraph_text": "Eighty-five percent of the archipelago is glaciated, with large unglaciated areas being located on the largest islands and many of the smallest islands. The islands have a combined coastline of 4,425 kilometers (2,750 mi). Compared to other Arctic archipelagos, Franz Josef Land has a high dissection rate of 3.6 square kilometers per coastline kilometer. Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island is the northernmost point of the Eastern Hemisphere. The highest elevations are found in the eastern group, with the highest point located on Wiener Neustadt Land, 670 meters (2,200 ft) above mean sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m). Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessee's eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The state line between Tennessee and North Carolina crosses the summit. The state's lowest point is the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line (the lowest point in Memphis, nearby, is at 195 ft (59 m)). The geographical center of the state is located in Murfreesboro.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mount Bromo", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bromo View of Mts. Bromo, Semeru, Batok and Widodaren, Tengger Caldera Highest point Elevation 2,329 m (7,641 ft) Listing Spesial Ribu Coordinates 7 ° 56 ′ 30 ''S 112 ° 57 ′ 00'' E  /  7.94167 ° S 112.95000 ° E  / - 7.94167; 112.95000 Coordinates: 7 ° 56 ′ 30 ''S 112 ° 57 ′ 00'' E  /  7.94167 ° S 112.95000 ° E  / - 7.94167; 112.95000 Geography Mount Bromo Java, Indonesia Geology Mountain type Somma volcano Last eruption November 2015 -- February 2016", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hawaii (island)", "paragraph_text": "Hawaiʻi The Big Island Landsat mosaic, 1999 -- 2001 Location in the state of Hawaii Geography Location 19 ° 34 ′ N 155 ° 30 ′ W  /  19.567 ° N 155.500 ° W  / 19.567; - 155.500 Archipelago Hawaiian Islands Area 4,028 sq mi (10,430 km) Area rank 75th, largest island in the United States - 1st Highest elevation 13,803 ft (4,207.2 m) Highest point Mauna Kea Administration United States State Hawaii Symbols Flower Red Pua Lehua (ʻOhiʻa blossom) Color ʻUlaʻula (red) Largest settlement Hilo Demographics Population 185,079 (2010) Pop. density 46 / sq mi (17.8 / km)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Galápagos Islands", "paragraph_text": "Galápagos Islands Geography Location Pacific Ocean Coordinates 0 ° 40 ′ S 90 ° 33 ′ W  /  0.667 ° S 90.550 ° W  / - 0.667; - 90.550 Coordinates: 0 ° 40 ′ S 90 ° 33 ′ W  /  0.667 ° S 90.550 ° W  / - 0.667; - 90.550 Total islands 21 Major islands 18 Area 7,880 km (3,040 sq mi) Highest elevation 1,707 m (5,600 ft) Highest point Volcán Wolf Administration Ecuador Province Galápagos Capital city Puerto Baquerizo Moreno Demographics Population 26,640 (2012) Pop. density 3 / km (8 / sq mi) Additional information Time zone GALT (UTC - 6) UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Galápagos Islands Type Natural Criteria vii, viii, ix, x Designated 1978 (2nd session) Reference no. Region Latin America and the Caribbean Extension 2001 and 2003 Endangered 2007 -- 2010", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Mount Nyiragongo", "paragraph_text": "Mount Nyiragongo An aerial view of volcanic peak Highest point Elevation 3,470 m (11,380 ft) Coordinates 1 ° 31 ′ S 29 ° 15 ′ E  /  1.517 ° S 29.250 ° E  / - 1.517; 29.250 Coordinates: 1 ° 31 ′ S 29 ° 15 ′ E  /  1.517 ° S 29.250 ° E  / - 1.517; 29.250 Geography Mount Nyiragongo Democratic Republic of the Congo Parent range Virunga Mountains Geology Mountain type Stratovolcano Last eruption 2002 to 2015", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Matsya Narayana Temple, Bangalore", "paragraph_text": "Sri Matsya Narayana Temple is located in Bangalore, in the state of Karnataka, India. The temple is located in Omkar Ashram, in Omkar Hills Bangalore. Omkar Hills in Srinivasapura is one of the highest points in Bangalore.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dalhousie Mountain", "paragraph_text": "Dalhousie Mountain is a Canadian peak in the Cobequid Mountains and the highest elevation point in Pictou County, Nova Scotia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bora Bora", "paragraph_text": "Bora not Bora Bora Bora and its lagoon seen from the International Space Station Geography Coordinates 16 ° 30 ′ 04 ''S 151 ° 44 ′ 24'' W  /  16.501 ° S 151.740 ° W  / - 16.501; - 151.740 Coordinates: 16 ° 30 ′ 04 ''S 151 ° 44 ′ 24'' W  /  16.501 ° S 151.740 ° W  / - 16.501; - 151.740 Archipelago Society Islands Area 30.55 km (11.80 sq mi) Highest elevation 727 m (2,385 ft) Highest point Mount Otemanu Administration France Overseas collectivity French Polynesia Administrative subdivision Leeward Islands Commune Bora Bora Largest settlement Vaitape Demographics Population 10,605 (2017) Pop. density 347 / km (899 / sq mi)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tellico Blockhouse", "paragraph_text": "The Tellico Blockhouse was an early American outpost located along the Little Tennessee River in Vonore, Monroe County, Tennessee. Completed in 1794, the blockhouse operated until 1807 with the purpose of keeping the peace between nearby Overhill Cherokee towns and early Euro-American settlers in the area in the wake of the Cherokee–American wars. The Tellico Blockhouse was the site where several treaties were negotiated in which the Cherokee were induced to cede large portions of land in Tennessee and Georgia. During this period, the blockhouse was the site of official liaisons between the United States government and the Cherokee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Treaty of Tellico", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty With The Cherokee, 1798, also known as the First Treaty of Tellico, was signed on October 2, 1798, in the Overhill Cherokee settlement of Great Tellico near Tellico Blockhouse in Tennessee. This treaty served as an addendum to the Treaty of Holston and was the only treaty between the United States and Native Americans executed during the administration of President John Adams. The treaty was signed by Thomas Butler and George Walton, commissioners of the United States, and some thirty-nine Cherokee chiefs and warriors, in the presence of Silas Dinsmoor, Agent of the United States among the Cherokee, and thirteen other witnesses including Charles R. Hicks, who served as interpreter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nashville metropolitan area", "paragraph_text": "The Mid-State Nashville - Davidson -- Murfreesboro -- Franklin, TN, Metropolitan Statistical Area Country United States State (s) Tennessee Largest city Nashville Other cities Murfreesboro, Franklin Area Total 7,484 sq mi (19,380 km) Highest elevation 2,092 ft (638 m) Lowest elevation 359 ft (109 m) Population (2016 est.) Total 1,865,298 Rank 36th in the U.S. Density 240 / sq mi (106 / km)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Murphy Lake (Kaufman County, Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Murphy Lake is a reservoir in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chasseral Ouest", "paragraph_text": "The Chasseral Ouest is a prominence west of the Chasseral, in the Jura Mountains. It is located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Neuchâtel and Bern. The Chasseral Ouest reaches an elevation of 1,552 metres above sea level and is the highest point of the canton of Neuchâtel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Abul Kasim (mountain)", "paragraph_text": "Abul Kasim is a mountain in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, this mountain has an elevation of above sea level. It is the highest point in Seru woreda.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mount Chilalo", "paragraph_text": "Mount Chilalo is an isolated, extinct silicic volcanic mountain in southeastern Ethiopia. The highest point in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, and located on the border between the Hitosa and Tiyo woreda, this mountain has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Campbell Hill (Ohio)", "paragraph_text": "Campbell Hill is, at 1,550 feet (470 m), the highest point in elevation in the U.S. state of Ohio. Campbell Hill is located within the city of Bellefontaine, 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of downtown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Seetalhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Seetalhorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Grächen in the canton of Valais. With an elevation of 3,037 m, it is the highest point of the ski area of Grächen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Monte Solaro", "paragraph_text": "Monte Solaro is a mountain on the island of Capri in Campania, Italy. With an elevation of 589 m, its peak is the highest point of Capri.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129629, "question": "In which state is Tellico Reservoir located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 31248, "question": "What is the elevation of #1 's highest point?", "answer": "6,643 feet", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Civil rights movement", "paragraph_text": "Many popular representations of the movement are centered on the charismatic leadership and philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr., who won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the movement. However, some scholars note that the movement was too diverse to be credited to any one person, organization, or strategy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Islamism", "paragraph_text": "Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid. But when Saddam, secularist and Ba'athist dictator of neighboring Iraq, attacked Saudi Arabia (his enemy in the war), western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy. Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Eliezer Berland", "paragraph_text": "Eliezer Berland (born December 26, 1937) is an Israeli Orthodox Jewish rabbi affiliated with the Breslov Hasidic movement in Israel. He is \"rosh yeshiva\" (head of the yeshiva) of Yeshivat Shuvu Bonim (also known as Yeshivat Nechamat Zion) in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. The movement is seen by some as a sect. Berland is a member of Vaad Olami D'Chasedai Breslov (World Committee of Breslov Chassidim), a supervisory council for many Breslov activities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Architecture", "paragraph_text": "The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Islamism", "paragraph_text": "Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted ideas of greater Islamic political co-operation and unity, calling for the shedding of nationalist differences. Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930 at its session in Allahabad as well as for the session in Lahore in 1932. In his Allahabad Address on 29 December 1930, Iqbal outlined a vision of an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces in northwestern India. This address later inspired the Pakistan movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pakistan Declaration", "paragraph_text": "The author of this famous pamphlet was Chaudhary Rahmat Ali (16 November 1897 -- 3 February 1951), a Muslim nationalist from Punjab, who was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of the state of Pakistan. He is credited with creating the name ``Pakistan ''for a separate Muslim homeland from Presidencies and provinces of British India. He propagated the Scheme of Pakistan with a missionary zeal since its inception in 1933. He also later founded the Pakistan National Movement to propagate his ideas. Being a political thinker and an idealist, wanted more than for accepting a smaller Pakistan in 1947 and save every Indian Muslim from the so - called`` Hindu domination''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Islam in Guam", "paragraph_text": "The presence of Islam in Guam is quite small, centered on the island's only mosque, the Masjid Al-Noor in Mangilao. Muslims in Guam are from a wide variety of backgrounds, both originating in traditionally Muslim countries, as well as Chamorro converts and mainland Americans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Christian Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, and Jews.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Labor Forward", "paragraph_text": "The Labor Forward movement was an organizing program of the American Federation of Labor from roughly 1910 to 1920. The program, which took place in approximately 150 cities across the United States, was designed to convince workers of the labor movement's commitment to Christian ideals and labor–management cooperation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Abul Kalam Azad", "paragraph_text": "Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed Azad (pronunciation (help info); 11 November 1888 -- 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar and the senior Muslim leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the first Minister of Education in the Indian government. He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad; the word Maulana is an honorific meaning 'Our Master', and he had adopted Azad (Free) as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as ``National Education Day ''across India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mrinal Sen", "paragraph_text": "After making five more films, he made a film with a shoestring budget provided by the Government of India. This film, Bhuvan Shome (Mr. Shome, 1969), finally launched him as a major filmmaker, both nationally and internationally. Bhuvan Shome also initiated the \"New Cinema\" film movement in India.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kulfa gosht", "paragraph_text": "Kulfa gosht is a popular dish among Hyderabadi Muslims, originating in Hyderabad, India. \"Kulfa\" is an Urdu word for purslane, a succulent green leafy vegetable; \"gosht\" is a South Asian term for \"meat\". The combination of purslane with lamb is a unique fusion by Hyderabadi Muslims.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Two-nation theory", "paragraph_text": "The movement for Muslim self - awakening and identity was started by the Muslim modernist and reformer Syed Ahmad Khan (1817 -- 1898). Many Pakistanis describe him as the architect of the two - nation theory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of India", "paragraph_text": "In 1905, Lord Curzon split the large province of Bengal into a largely Hindu western half and \"Eastern Bengal and Assam\", a largely Muslim eastern half. The British goal was said to be for efficient administration but the people of Bengal were outraged at the apparent \"divide and rule\" strategy. It also marked the beginning of the organized anti-colonial movement. When the Liberal party in Britain came to power in 1906, he was removed. Bengal was reunified in 1911. The new Viceroy Gilbert Minto and the new Secretary of State for India John Morley consulted with Congress leaders on political reforms. The Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 provided for Indian membership of the provincial executive councils as well as the Viceroy's executive council. The Imperial Legislative Council was enlarged from 25 to 60 members and separate communal representation for Muslims was established in a dramatic step towards representative and responsible government. Several socio-religious organizations came into being at that time. Muslims set up the All India Muslim League in 1906. It was not a mass party but was designed to protect the interests of the aristocratic Muslims. It was internally divided by conflicting loyalties to Islam, the British, and India, and by distrust of Hindus. The Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) sought to represent Hindu interests though the later always claimed it to be a \"cultural\" organization. Sikhs founded the Shiromani Akali Dal in 1920. However, the largest and oldest political party Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, is perceived to have attempted to keep a distance from the socio-religious movements and identity politics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "History of India", "paragraph_text": "During this period, Bengal witnessed an intellectual awakening that is in some way similar to the Renaissance in Europe during the 16th century, although Europeans of that age were not confronted with the challenge and influence of alien colonialism. This movement questioned existing orthodoxies, particularly with respect to women, marriage, the dowry system, the caste system, and religion. One of the earliest social movements that emerged during this time was the Young Bengal movement, which espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct among upper caste educated Hindus. It played an important role in reawakening Indian minds and intellect across the sub-continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Islamism", "paragraph_text": "Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist \"guardians of the tradition\" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that \"Sunni pan-Islamism underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century\" when the Muslim Brotherhood movement and its focus on Islamisation of pan-Arabism was eclipsed by the Salafi movement with its emphasis on \"sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\" and rejection of Shia Islam. Following the Arab Spring, Roy has described Islamism as \"increasingly interdependent\" with democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world, such that \"neither can now survive without the other.\" While Islamist political culture itself may not be democratic, Islamists need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy. At the same time, their popularity is such that no government can call itself democratic that excludes mainstream Islamist groups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "The vast majority of Muslims in Nigeria are Sunni belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence; however, a sizeable minority also belongs to Shafi madhhab. A large number of Sunni Muslims are members of Sufi brotherhoods. Most Sufis follow the Qadiriyya, Tijaniyyah and/or the Mouride movements. A significant Shia minority exists (see Shia in Nigeria). Some northern states have incorporated Sharia law into their previously secular legal systems, which has brought about some controversy. Kano State has sought to incorporate Sharia law into its constitution. The majority of Quranists follow the Kalo Kato or Quraniyyun movement. There are also Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya minorities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Islam in India", "paragraph_text": "Islam (Arabic: الإسلام) is the second-largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or approx. 200 million people identifying as adherents of Islam (2018 estimate). It makes India the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. The majority of Indian Muslims belong to the Sunni sect of Islam. The religion first arrived at the western coast of India when Arab traders as early as the 7th century CE came to coastal Malabar and Konkan-Gujarat. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kerala is thought to be the first mosque in India, built in 629 CE by Malik Deenar. Following an expedition by the governor of Bahrain to Bharuch in the 7th century CE, immigrant Arab and Persian trading communities from South Arabia and the Persian Gulf began settling in coastal Gujarat. Ismaili Shia Islam was introduced to Gujarat in the second half of the 11th century, when Fatimid Imam Al-Mustansir Billah sent missionaries to Gujarat in 467 AH/1073 CE. Islam arrived in North India in the 12th century via the Turkic invasions and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage. Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and Muslims have played a notable role in economics, politics, and culture of India.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "German Americans", "paragraph_text": "There is a ``German belt ''that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania has the largest population of German - Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Islam in Russia", "paragraph_text": "There was much evidence of official conciliation toward Islam in Russia in the 1990s. The number of Muslims allowed to make pilgrimages to Mecca increased sharply after the embargo of the Soviet era ended in 1991. In 1995 the newly established Union of Muslims of Russia, led by Imam Khatyb Mukaddas of Tatarstan, began organizing a movement aimed at improving inter-ethnic understanding and ending Russians' lingering misconception of Islam. The Union of Muslims of Russia is the direct successor to the pre-World War I Union of Muslims, which had its own faction in the Russian Duma. The post-Communist union formed a political party, the Nur All-Russia Muslim Public Movement, which acts in close coordination with Muslim imams to defend the political, economic, and cultural rights of Muslims. The Islamic Cultural Center of Russia, which includes a madrassa (religious school), opened in Moscow in 1991. In the 1990s, the number of Islamic publications has increased. Among them are few magazines in Russian, namely: \"Ислам\" (transliteration: Islam), \"Эхо Кавказа\" (Ekho Kavkaza) and \"Исламский вестник\" (Islamsky Vestnik), and the Russian-language newspaper \"Ассалам\" (Assalam), and \"Нуруль Ислам\" (Nurul Islam), which are published in Makhachkala, Dagestan.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160794, "question": "Where did this movement originate?", "answer": "India", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 158615, "question": "What are the roles of Muslims across #1 ?", "answer": "economics, politics, and culture of India", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[ "IND", "in", "IN", "India", "Bharat" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": "In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of \"deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity\" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "South Africa at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in 1990, the nation re-joined the Olympic movement. The South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee was created in 1991, and South Africa returned to the Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics (and the 1992 Summer Paralympics). South Africa also participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 1960, and since 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "South Africa at the Rugby World Cup", "paragraph_text": "South Africa have played at six of the eight Rugby World Cup tournaments, having been unable to compete in the first two tournaments due to a sports boycott during the apartheid era. Following the end of apartheid, they hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and won the tournament, and were champions again at the 2007 tournament in France. With two tournament wins, they are one of the three best performing teams, along with Australia who have also won twice, and New Zealand with three wins, the only team to do better.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Queen (band)", "paragraph_text": "That year, Queen began The Works Tour, the first tour to feature keyboardist Spike Edney as an extra live musician. The tour featured nine sold-out dates in October in Bophuthatswana, South Africa, at the arena in Sun City. Upon returning to England, they were the subject of outrage, having played in South Africa during the height of apartheid and in violation of worldwide divestment efforts and a United Nations cultural boycott. The band responded to the critics by stating that they were playing music for fans in South Africa, and they also stressed that the concerts were played before integrated audiences. Queen donated to a school for the deaf and blind as a philanthropic gesture but were fined by the British Musicians' Union and placed on the United Nations' blacklisted artists.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": "In 2008, the High Court in South Africa ruled that Chinese South Africans who were residents during the apartheid era (and their descendants) are to be reclassified as \"Black people,\" solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits, because they were also \"disadvantaged\" by racial discrimination. Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Eric Miller (photographer)", "paragraph_text": "Eric Miller (born 1951) is a professional photographer based in South Africa. Miller was born in Cape Town but spent his childhood in Johannesburg. After studying psychology and working in the corporate world for several years, Miller was driven by the injustices of apartheid to use his hobby, photography, to document opposition to apartheid by becoming a full-time photographer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": "American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, \"In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid.\" Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Butler", "paragraph_text": "Particular criticism has been directed at the film's accuracy in portraying President Ronald Reagan. While Alan Rickman's performance generated positive reviews, the director and screenwriters of the film have been criticized for depicting Reagan as indifferent to civil rights and his reluctance to associate with the White House's black employees during his presidency. According to Michael Reagan, the former president's son, ``The real story of the White House butler does n't imply racism at all. It's simply Hollywood liberals wanting to believe something about my father that was never there. ''Paul Kengor, one of President Reagan's biographers, also attacked the film, saying,`` I've talked to many White House staff, cooks, housekeepers, doctors, and Secret Service over the years. They are universal in their love of Ronald Reagan.'' In regard to the president's initial opposition to sanctions against apartheid in South Africa, Kengor said, ``Ronald Reagan was appalled by apartheid, but also wanted to ensure that if the apartheid regime collapsed in South Africa that it was n't replaced by a Marxist - totalitarian regime allied with Moscow and Cuba that would take the South African people down the same road as Ethiopia, Mozambique, and, yes, Cuba. In the immediate years before Reagan became president, 11 countries from the Third World, from Asia to Africa to Latin America, went Communist. It was devastating. If the film refuses to deal with this issue with the necessary balance, it should n't deal with it at all. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Apartheid", "paragraph_text": "The ANC won 62.65 percent of the vote, less than the 66.7 percent that would have allowed it to rewrite the constitution. 252 of the 400 seats went to members of the African National Congress. The NP captured most of the white and coloured votes and became the official opposition party. As well as deciding the national government, the election decided the provincial governments, and the ANC won in seven of the nine provinces, with the NP winning in the Western Cape and the IFP in KwaZulu - Natal. On 10 May 1994, Mandela was sworn in as South Africa's president. The Government of National Unity was established, its cabinet made up of 12 ANC representatives, six from the NP, and three from the IFP. Thabo Mbeki and de Klerk were made deputy presidents.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": "Alan Dershowitz described Sudan as an example of a government that \"actually deserve(s)\" the appellation \"apartheid.\" Former Canadian Minister of Justice Irwin Cotler echoed the accusation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, an independent judiciary and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990. Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state. Walvis Bay was ceded to Namibia in 1994 upon the end of Apartheid in South Africa.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mandela Challenge Plate", "paragraph_text": "The Nelson Mandela Challenge Plate is a rugby union trophy contested between Australia and South Africa. It is named after South Africa's first post-apartheid president, Nelson Mandela.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ivan Toms", "paragraph_text": "Ivan Toms (11 July 1952 – 25 March 2008) was a South African physician, who battled the Apartheid era government as a prominent anti-Apartheid and anti-conscription activist. At the time of his death in 2008, Toms was serving as the Director of Health for the city of Cape Town, South Africa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Cedric Nunn", "paragraph_text": "Cedric Nunn (born 1957) is a South African photographer best known for his photography depicting South Africa before and after the end of apartheid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Flag of South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The flag of South Africa was adopted on 27 April 1994, at the beginning of South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the flag that had been used since 1928. The new national flag, designed by the then State Herald of South Africa Frederick Brownell, was chosen to represent the country's new democracy after the end of apartheid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Long Walk to Freedom", "paragraph_text": "Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography written by South African President Nelson Mandela, and first published in 1994 by Little Brown & Co. The book profiles his early life, coming of age, education and 27 years in prison. Under the apartheid government, Mandela was regarded as a terrorist and jailed on the infamous Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then - outlawed ANC. He later achieved international recognition for his leadership as president in rebuilding the country's once segregated society. The last chapters of the book describe his political ascension, and his belief that the struggle still continued against apartheid in South Africa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Shawn Slovo", "paragraph_text": "Shawn Slovo (born 1950) is a screenwriter, best known for the film \"A World Apart\", based on her childhood in South Africa under apartheid. She is the daughter of South African Communist Party leaders Joe Slovo and Ruth First. She wrote the screenplay for the 2006 film \"Catch a Fire\" (also a historical film about apartheid), and for the 2001 film \"Captain Corelli's Mandolin\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Voices of Sarafina!", "paragraph_text": "Voices of Sarafina! is a 1988 American documentary film about the anti-apartheid musical stage play \"Sarafina!\" directed by Nigel Noble. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mamelodi", "paragraph_text": "Mamelodi, part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, is a township set up by the then apartheid government northeast of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nelson Mandela", "paragraph_text": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/ mænˈdɛlə /; 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 20152, "question": "Where did Queen play during the height of Apartheid?", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 51677, "question": "apartheid ended in #1 during the presidency of", "answer": "Mandela", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[ "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela", "Nelson Mandela" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Karl Renner Haus", "paragraph_text": "The Karl Renner Haus is a former mountain hut and now a sport hotel in the Kitzbühel Alps in Austria. It lies in the upper Saalach valley (Land Salzburg) on the edge of Saalbach-Hinterglemm at about 1,100 m above sea level and is managed by the Friends of Nature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Beaver Motorcoach Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Beaver Motorcoach Corporation (also known as Beaver Coach) is a defunct American motor coach manufacturing company that was based in Oregon. The company's manufacturing plant was initially located in Bend and later moved to Coburg. After its initial bankruptcy, the Beaver Coach brand name was purchased by a series of parent companies before it finally disappeared in 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Among the Dust of Thieves", "paragraph_text": "Among the Dust of Thieves is a 2013 American drama film about the 1896 disappearance of Albert Jennings Fountain, directed by Sean Pilcher. The film dramatizes the days leading up to Fountain’s disappearance near White Sands, New Mexico and the first, unsuccessful investigation of his apparent murder by John C. Fraser of the Pinkerton Agency. The film strongly suggests that Fountain’s disappearance was directly linked to his prosecution of Oliver M. Lee for cattle rustling. The narrative switches from Fountain’s investigation and arrest of Lee culminating in Fountain’s disappearance, to Fraser’s investigation, which concludes after a shootout at Lee’s ranch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Chancellor Manuscript", "paragraph_text": "The Chancellor Manuscript is a 1977 novel, by American writer Robert Ludlum, about the alleged secret files of J. Edgar Hoover and how they disappeared after his death, and how they possibly could be used to force people in high places to do the bidding of those who possessed the secrets contained therein. It also speculated that Hoover himself might have been assassinated because he knew too much about too many of the wrong people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Grand Lake (Colorado)", "paragraph_text": "Grand Lake is Colorado's largest and deepest natural lake. It is located in the headwaters of the Colorado River in Grand County, Colorado. On its north shore is located the historic and eponymous town of Grand Lake. The lake fills a glaciated valley that is dammed in part by glacial till from the Pinedale Glaciation, and is younger than about 12,000 years. Natural tributaries to the lake are the North Inlet and East Inlet, both of which flow out of Rocky Mountain National Park, which surrounds the lake on three sides: Grand Lake is located 1 mile from the Park's western entrance. Grand Lake was named Spirit Lake by the Ute Tribe because they believed the lake's cold waters to be the dwelling place of departed souls.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance", "paragraph_text": "The 1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance involved a Douglas R6D-1 Liftmaster (BuNo 131588) of the United States Navy which disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean on 10 October 1956 with the loss of all 59 people on board.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mont Collon", "paragraph_text": "Mont Collon (3,637 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. Its glaciated north face dominates the view south from the village of Arolla.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway", "paragraph_text": "The Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway (MSG) is a hiking trail that traverses the highlands of southern New Hampshire from Mount Monadnock in Jaffrey to Mount Sunapee in Newbury. Located approximately from the city of Concord, New Hampshire, the trail traverses a rural, heavily glaciated and metamorphic upland studded with lakes, heath barrens, the rocky summits of several monadnocks, and dense woodland of the northern hardwood forest type. The trail is maintained primarily through the efforts of the Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway Trail Club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Volcano (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "The Volcano, also known as Lava Fork volcano, is a small cinder cone in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located approximately northwest of the small community of Stewart near the head of Lava Fork. With a summit elevation of and a topographic prominence of , it rises above the surrounding rugged landscape on a remote mountain ridge that represents the northern flank of a glaciated U-shaped valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary", "paragraph_text": "Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and estuary located in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the rarest eco-regions of the world because it harbors vast tracts of pristine mangrove forests. It is believed by conservationists to be one of the last remaining tracts of thick primary mangrove forests of South India, which is rapidly disappearing due to absence of protective measures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Franz Josef Land", "paragraph_text": "Eighty-five percent of the archipelago is glaciated, with large unglaciated areas being located on the largest islands and many of the smallest islands. The islands have a combined coastline of 4,425 kilometers (2,750 mi). Compared to other Arctic archipelagos, Franz Josef Land has a high dissection rate of 3.6 square kilometers per coastline kilometer. Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island is the northernmost point of the Eastern Hemisphere. The highest elevations are found in the eastern group, with the highest point located on Wiener Neustadt Land, 670 meters (2,200 ft) above mean sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "List of A Different World characters", "paragraph_text": "Millicent (``Millie '') (Marie - Alise Recasner): Whitley's confidante and only friend for much of season one, involved in serious relationship with Ron, disappeared after season one (last name unrevealed).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels. Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kleybolte Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "Kleybolte Peninsula is a heavily glaciated peninsula in northwestern Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It juts into the Arctic Ocean. During Otto Sverdrup's expedition of 1899–1902, the peninsula was the northernmost point achieved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Rhine", "paragraph_text": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to the northwest, through the present North Sea. During the so-called Anglian glaciation (~450,000 yr BP, marine oxygen isotope stage 12), the northern part of the present North Sea was blocked by the ice and a large lake developed, that overflowed through the English Channel. This caused the Rhine's course to be diverted through the English Channel. Since then, during glacial times, the river mouth was located offshore of Brest, France and rivers, like the Thames and the Seine, became tributaries to the Rhine. During interglacials, when sea level rose to approximately the present level, the Rhine built deltas, in what is now the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year tourism is integral to the Alpine economy with much it coming from winter sports although summer visitors are an important component of the tourism industry.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Disappearing Acts", "paragraph_text": "Disappearing Acts is a 2000 romantic drama directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood, and stars Sanaa Lathan and Wesley Snipes. The film is an adaptation of the \"New York Times\" best-selling novel \"Disappearing Acts\" by Terry McMillan and originally aired on HBO on December 9, 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sotos Point", "paragraph_text": "Sotos Point is a glaciated point projecting 180 m into the southeast part of Discovery Bay, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and forming the east side of the entrance to \"Montecinos Cove\" ().", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Whitemantle Range", "paragraph_text": "The Whitemantle Range is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia. Located between the heads of Bute Inlet on the east and Knight Inlet on the west, it is extremely rugged and glaciated. Its highest summit is Whitemantle Mountain 2985 m (9793 ft).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 9508, "question": "Where is Saalbach located?", "answer": "Austria", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 9426, "question": "How much of the glaciation in #1 disappeared?", "answer": "Forty percent", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "History of India", "paragraph_text": "There were several other kingdoms which ruled over parts of India in the later medieval period prior to the British occupation. However, most of them were bound to pay regular tribute to the Marathas. The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of the 18th century. Under their rule, Mysore fought a series of wars sometimes against the combined forces of the British and Marathas, but mostly against the British, with Mysore receiving some aid or promise of aid from the French.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire between 1415 and 1999. Portuguese is now spoken as a native language in five different continents, with Brazil accounting for the largest number of native Portuguese speakers of any country (200 million speakers in 2012).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Battle of Seminara", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Seminara, part of the First Italian War, was fought in Calabria on 28 June 1495 between a French garrison in recently conquered Southern Italy and the allied forces of Spain and Naples which were attempting to reconquer these territories. Against the redoubtable combination of gendarmes and Swiss mercenary pikemen in the French force, the allies had only Neapolitan troops of indifferent quality and a small corps of lightly-armed Spanish soldiers, accustomed to fighting the Moors of Spain. The result was a rout, and much of the fighting centered on delaying actions to permit the fleeing allied force to escape. However, although the battle was a decisive French victory from a tactical perspective, it did not prevent the allies from driving the French from southern Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Catalan language", "paragraph_text": "Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II", "paragraph_text": "The war against Germany involved aid to Britain, her allies, and the Soviet Union, with the U.S. supplying munitions until it could ready an invasion force. U.S. forces were first tested to a limited degree in the North African Campaign and then employed more significantly with British Forces in Italy in 1943 -- 45, where U.S. forces, representing about a third of the Allied forces deployed, bogged down after Italy surrendered and the Germans took over. Finally the main invasion of France took place in June 1944, under General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Meanwhile, the U.S. Army Air Forces and the British Royal Air Force engaged in the area bombardment of German cities and systematically targeted German transportation links and synthetic oil plants, as it knocked out what was left of the Luftwaffe post Battle of Britain in 1944. With the Soviets unstoppable in the east, and the Allies unstoppable in the west, Germany was squeezed to death. Berlin fell to the Soviets in May 1945, and with Adolf Hitler dead, the Germans surrendered.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Frustrated by the wasted effort, and with demands for action from their citizens, the allied force decided to attack the center of Russian strength in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula. After extended preparations, the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and fought their way to a point south of Sevastopol after a series of successful battles. The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but at the cost of seriously depleting the British Army forces. A second counterattack, ordered personally by Nicholas, was defeated by Omar Pasha. The front settled into a siege and led to horrible conditions for troops on both sides. Smaller actions were carried out in the Baltic, the Caucasus, the White Sea and in the North Pacific.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Battle of Wilhelmsthal", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Wilhelmsthal (sometimes written as the Battle of Wilhelmstadt) was fought on 24 June 1762 during the Seven Years' War between on one side the allied forces of British, Prussian, Hanover, Brunswick and Hessian troops under the command of the Duke of Brunswick against the French. Once again, the French threatened Hanover, so the Allies manoeuvered around the French, surrounded the invasion force, and forced them to retreat. It was the last major action fought by Brunswick's force before the Peace of Paris brought an end to the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Portugal–Spain relations", "paragraph_text": "Portugal -- Spain relations describes relations between the governments of the Portuguese Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. The two states make up the vast majority of the Iberian Peninsula and as such, the relationship between the two is sometimes known as Iberian relations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Galicia (Spain)", "paragraph_text": "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of Villers-Bocage", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Villers-Bocage took place during the Second World War on 13 June 1944, one week after the Normandy Landings by the Western Allies that began the conquest of German-occupied France. The battle was the result of a British attempt to improve their position by exploiting a gap in the German defences west of the city of Caen. After one day of fighting in and around the small town of Villers-Bocage and a second day defending a position outside the town, the British force retired.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Northern Seven Years' War", "paragraph_text": "The British Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle, was optimistic that the new series of alliances could prevent war from breaking out in Europe. However, a large French force was assembled at Toulon, and the French opened the campaign against the British by an attack on Minorca in the Mediterranean. A British attempt at relief was foiled at the Battle of Minorca, and the island was captured on 28 June (for which Admiral Byng was court-martialed and executed). War between Britain and France had been formally declared on 18 May nearly two years after fighting had broken out in the Ohio Country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Northern Seven Years' War", "paragraph_text": "Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral. Despite the huge disparity in numbers, the year had been successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "French and Indian War", "paragraph_text": "After the disastrous 1757 British campaigns (resulting in a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry, which was followed by Indian torture and massacres of British victims), the British government fell. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France. France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada. They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately Quebec. Though the British were later defeated at Sainte Foy in Quebec, the French ceded Canada in accordance with the 1763 treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Napoleon", "paragraph_text": "Napoleon would end up leaving Iberia in order to deal with the Austrians in Central Europe, but the Peninsular War continued on long after his absence. He never returned to Spain after the 1808 campaign. Several months after Corunna, the British sent another army to the peninsula under the future Duke of Wellington. The war then settled into a complex and asymmetric strategic deadlock where all sides struggled to gain the upper hand. The highlight of the conflict became the brutal guerrilla warfare that engulfed much of the Spanish countryside. Both sides committed the worst atrocities of the Napoleonic Wars during this phase of the conflict. The vicious guerrilla fighting in Spain, largely absent from the French campaigns in Central Europe, severely disrupted the French lines of supply and communication. Although France maintained roughly 300,000 troops in Iberia during the Peninsular War, the vast majority were tied down to garrison duty and to intelligence operations. The French were never able to concentrate all of their forces effectively, prolonging the war until events elsewhere in Europe finally turned the tide in favor of the Allies. After the invasion of Russia in 1812, the number of French troops in Spain vastly declined as Napoleon needed reinforcements to conserve his strategic position in Europe. By 1814, after scores of battles and sieges throughout Iberia, the Allies had managed to push the French out of the peninsula.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Fourth Anglo-Mysore War", "paragraph_text": "This was the final conflict of the four Anglo -- Mysore Wars. The British captured the capital of Mysore. The ruler Tipu Sultan was killed in the battle. Britain took indirect control of Mysore, restoring the Wodeyar Dynasty to the Mysore throne (with a British commissioner to advise him on all issues). Tipu Sultan's young heir, Fateh Ali, was sent into exile. The Kingdom of Mysore became a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India and ceded Coimbatore, Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada to the British.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "paragraph_text": "After the capitulation of Axis forces in North Africa, Eisenhower oversaw the highly successful invasion of Sicily. Once Mussolini, the Italian leader, had fallen in Italy, the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with Operation Avalanche. But while Eisenhower argued with President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill, who both insisted on unconditional terms of surrender in exchange for helping the Italians, the Germans pursued an aggressive buildup of forces in the country – making the job more difficult, by adding 19 divisions and initially outnumbering the Allied forces 2 to 1; nevertheless, the invasion of Italy was highly successful.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Surrender of Japan", "paragraph_text": "The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. Together with the British Empire and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945 -- the alternative being ``prompt and utter destruction ''. While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end, Japan's leaders (the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, also known as the`` Big Six'') were privately making entreaties to the still - neutral Soviet Union to mediate peace on terms more favorable to the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Soviets were preparing to attack Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea (in addition to South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) in fulfillment of promises they had secretly made to the United States and the United Kingdom at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Minor naval skirmishes also occurred in the Far East, where at Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula a British and French Allied squadron including HMS Pique under Rear Admiral David Price and a French force under Counter-Admiral Auguste Febvrier Despointes besieged a smaller Russian force under Rear Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin. In September 1854, an Allied landing force was beaten back with heavy casualties, and the Allies withdrew. The Russians escaped under the cover of snow in early 1855 after Allied reinforcements arrived in the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Josip Broz Tito", "paragraph_text": "After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference. This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Viški sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II. The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 27237, "question": "What country promised aid to Mysore to fight the British?", "answer": "the French", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 19483, "question": "By what year did the Allies force the #1 out of the Iberian peninsula?", "answer": "1814", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sue Draheim", "paragraph_text": "Sue Draheim ( ; August 17, 1949 – April 11, 2013) was an American fiddler, boasting a more than forty year musical career in the US and the UK. Growing up in North Oakland, Draheim began her first private violin lessons at age eleven, having started public school violin instruction at age eight while attending North Oakland's Peralta Elementary School. She also attended Claremont Jr. High, and graduated from Oakland Technical High School in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "By state law, education is compulsory over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and eighteen, depending on the state. This requirement can be satisfied in public schools, state - certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most schools, compulsory education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school. Children are usually divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (5 -- 6 year olds) and first grade for the youngest children, up to twelfth grade (17 -- 18 years old) as the final year of high school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Katsuaki Asai", "paragraph_text": "Asai started training under aikido's founder Morihei Ueshiba aged 13, at the Hombu dojo in Tokyo, and continued during his studies at Meiji University. He was sent to Germany by Kisshomaru Ueshiba in 1965 to teach aikido, and has lived in the country ever since. His first occupation was to teach aikido to policemen in Münster, and he now runs a school in Düsseldorf.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Eswatini", "paragraph_text": "Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Voting age", "paragraph_text": "Before the Second World War, the voting age in almost all countries was 21 years or higher. Czechoslovakia was the first to reduce the voting age to 20 years in 1946, and by 1968 a total of 17 countries had lowered their voting age. Many countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 years during the 1970s, starting with the United Kingdom (1970), with the United States (26th Amendment) (1971), Canada, Germany (1972), Australia (1974), France (1974) and others following soon afterwards. By the end of the 20th century, 18 had become by far the most common voting age. However, a few countries maintain a voting age of 20 years or higher. It was argued that 18 - year - old men could be drafted to go to war, and many people felt they should be able to vote at the age of 18.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Wig", "paragraph_text": "The Wig () is 2005 South Korean horror film directed by Won Shin-yun, and starring Chae Min-seo and Yoo Sun. It was first released on August 12, 2005 in South Korea and was released onto DVD in the United States in 2008.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Twelfth grade", "paragraph_text": "Twelfth grade, senior year, or grade 12 is the final year of secondary school in North America. In other regions it is also equivalently referred as class 12 or Year 13. In most countries students then graduate at age 17 -- 18. Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade / year at all. Twelfth grade is typically the last year of high school; graduation year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wig", "paragraph_text": "The wearing of wigs as a symbol of social status was largely abandoned in the newly created United States and France by the start of the 19th century. In the United States, only four presidents from John Adams to James Monroe wore curly powdered wigs tied in a queue according to the old - fashioned style of the 18th century. Unlike them, the first president George Washington never wore a wig; instead, he powdered, curled and tied in a queue his own long hair.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Education in France", "paragraph_text": "Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré - maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section (``big form '') is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sandrine Quétier", "paragraph_text": "Sandrine Quétier was born in Paris and spent her childhood at the Vallée de Chevreuse. She graduated at age 17 with her high school final exam before starting to study.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Grażyna Miller", "paragraph_text": "Grażyna Miller, born in Jedwabne, Poland, started to write poetry in her early childhood, exactly at the age of seven. During her high school years she incessantly wrote poetry while continuing her studies. Her passions were literature and pedagogy, and soon after finishing her studies she started to teach Polish literature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Charlotte McShane", "paragraph_text": "She was a student at Glasgow School of Sport and in Scotland she won several national junior titles. In November 2005, her family moved to Australia and despite her young age Charlotte McShane started competing in long distance triathlons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kieran Roche", "paragraph_text": "Kieran Roche (born 3 May 1979) is a rugby union footballer who plays at lock/back row for London Irish. He was educated at Trinity School in Croydon where he started playing rugby at the age of 12.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Samantha Jones (Sex and the City)", "paragraph_text": "In the show's last season, Samantha is diagnosed with breast cancer. She faces the challenge head - on, playing with her look by wearing outrageous wigs, hats, and headscarves after she loses her hair to chemotherapy. In one of the final episodes, she gives a speech for a cancer benefit dinner, and receives a standing ovation for removing her wig onstage and admitting that she was suffering with hot flashes. The audience appreciated her candor and honesty, and many of the women in the audience stood up and removed their own wigs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Childbirth", "paragraph_text": "In many countries, age is reckoned from the date of birth, and sometimes the birthday is celebrated annually. East Asian age reckoning starts newborns at \"1\", incrementing each Lunar New Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Voting age", "paragraph_text": "Before the Second World War, the voting age in almost all countries was 21 years or higher. Czechoslovakia was the first to reduce the voting age to 20 years in 1946, and by 1968 a total of 17 countries had lowered their voting age. Many countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 years during the 1970s, starting with the United Kingdom (1969), with the United States (26th Amendment) (1971), Canada, West Germany (1972), Australia (1974), France (1974), and others following soon afterwards. By the end of the 20th century, 18 had become by far the most common voting age. However, a few countries maintain a voting age of 20 years or higher. It was argued that young men could be drafted to go to war at 18, and many people felt they should be able to vote at the age of 18.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gregorian calendar", "paragraph_text": "\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Education in South Korea", "paragraph_text": "Level / Grade Typical age Infant School Nursery School 0 - 3 (1 - 4) Kindergarten 4 - 6 (5 - 7) Primary School 1st Grade 7 (8) 2nd Grade 8 (9) 3rd Grade 9 (10) 4th Grade 10 (11) 5th Grade 11 (12) 6th Grade 12 (13) Middle School 7th grade 13 (14) 8th Grade 14 (15) 9th Grade 15 (16) High School 10th Grade 16 (17) 11th Grade 17 (18) 12th Grade 18 (19) Post-secondary education Tertiary education (College or University) Ages vary (usually four years, referred to as Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior years) Membership Training in Korea Ages also vary as they do for Tertiary education", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Georgina Sparks", "paragraph_text": "The third season finale has Georgina return from Belarus wearing a blond wig and large coat, desperately seeking the help of various Upper - East Siders with her ``problem. ''However, they all dismiss Georgina, as Blair is too worried about Chuck to listen to her, and Dan and Serena do not notice her new disguise while at the hospital. In the season finale, Georgina arrives at the loft with`` something'' of Dan's. It is revealed that Georgina is pregnant with what she says is Dan's child.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Non Stop Rock'n Roll", "paragraph_text": "Non Stop Rock'n Roll is the third studio album by Norwegian glam metal band Wig Wam. The album was released on January 21, 2010, making it the first Wig Wam-album to be released worldwide on the same day.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 105476, "question": "The country for The Wig was what?", "answer": "South Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 84688, "question": "what age do you start school in #1", "answer": "1 - 4", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gjønavatnet", "paragraph_text": "Gjønavatnet is a lake in the municipality of Fusa in Hordaland county, Norway. The lake lies just east of the village of Holdhus and just north of the lake Skogseidvatnet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "High Cliff State Park", "paragraph_text": "High Cliff State Park is a Wisconsin state park near Sherwood, Wisconsin. It is the only state-owned recreation area located on Lake Winnebago. The park got its name from cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment, a land formation east of the shore of Lake Winnebago that stretches north through northeast Wisconsin, Upper Michigan, and Ontario to Niagara Falls and New York State.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "West Rouge", "paragraph_text": "West Rouge is a small community neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the south-east corner of Toronto, within the former city of Scarborough. The community is roughly bounded by Lake Ontario to the south, the Rouge River to the east, Port Union Road to the west and Kingston Road to the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "Though the five lakes lie in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. They form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and each of the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cleaver Lake (Thunder Bay District)", "paragraph_text": "Cleaver Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, and lies at an elevation of about northwest of the community of Schreiber. The primary inflow and outflow is the Whitesand River, and the lake is immediately upstream of Zenith Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "Though the five lakes reside in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. The lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Lake George (Michigan–Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "Lake George is a lake in Chippewa County, Michigan, United States, and Algoma District, Northwestern Ontario, Canada, that lies between Sugar Island in Michigan on the west and the Ontario mainland on the east.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Lake Ontario", "paragraph_text": "When the cold winds of winter pass over the warmer water of the lake, they pick up moisture and drop it as lake - effect snow. Since the prevailing winter winds are from the northwest, the southern and southeastern shoreline of the lake is referred to as the snowbelt. In some winters the area between Oswego and Pulaski may receive twenty or more feet (600 cm) of snowfall. Also impacted by lake - effect snow is the Tug Hill Plateau, an area of elevated land that is about 20 miles (32 km) east of Lake Ontario, creating ideal conditions for lake - effect snowfall. The ``Hill '', as it is often referred to, typically receives more snow than any other region in the eastern United States. As a result, Tug Hill is a popular location for winter enthusiasts, such as snow - mobilers and cross-country skiers. Lake - effect snow often extends inland as far as Syracuse, with that city often recording the most winter snowfall accumulation of any large city in the United States. Other cities in the world receive more snow annually, such as Quebec City, which averages 135 inches (340 cm), and Sapporo, Japan, which receives 250 inches (640 cm) each year and is often regarded as the snowiest city in the world. Foggy conditions (particularly in fall) can be created by thermal contrasts and can be an impediment for recreational boaters. In a normal winter, Lake Ontario will be at most one quarter ice - covered, in a mild winter almost completely unfrozen. Lake Ontario has completely frozen over on five recorded occasions: from about January 20 to about March 20, 1830; in 1874; in 1893; in 1912; and in February 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Lake Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means \"Lake of Shining Waters\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rabbit Lake (Muskoka District)", "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Lake is a small lake in the municipality of Georgian Bay, District Municipality of Muskoka in Central Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin and lies in geographic Gibson Township. The lake flows at the north via an unnamed creek to Bushby Inlet on Georgian Bay, Lake Huron.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Lake of Bays", "paragraph_text": "Lake of Bays is a township within the District Municipality of Muskoka, Ontario, Canada. The township, situated north of Toronto, is named after the Lake of Bays. During the 2016 census, the township had a population of 3,167 and encompassed of land.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Yukidori Valley", "paragraph_text": "Yukidori Valley lies in the middle of the Langhovde Hills, on the east coast of Lützow-Holm Bay, in Queen Maud Land of East Antarctica, about 20 km south of Japan’s Showa Station. \"Yukidori\" is Japanese for “snow petrel”.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Straumfjordvatnet", "paragraph_text": "Straumfjordvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Steigen in Nordland county, Norway. The lake lies about east of the village of Bogen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ømmervatnet", "paragraph_text": "Ømmervatnet is a lake that lies in the municipality of Vefsn in Nordland county, Norway. The European route E06 highway passes along the eastern coast of the lake. The lake lies about east of the village of Drevjemoen and about northeast of the town of Mosjøen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Crawford Lake (Sudbury District)", "paragraph_text": "Crawford Lake is a lake in the Moose River drainage basin in Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, and lies at an elevation of about south of Ontario Highway 101 and west of Ontario Highway 144.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Whitesand Lake (Hewitson River)", "paragraph_text": "Whitesand Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada, part of the Hewitson River system. Another lake in Thunder Bay District with the same name, Whitesand Lake (Lake Nipigon), lies further northwest and flows via the Whitesand River (Lake Nipigon) into Lake Nipigon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes (French: les Grands - Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada -- United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan -- Huron), Erie, and Ontario.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "January 2016 United States blizzard", "paragraph_text": "The January 2016 United States blizzard was a crippling and historic blizzard that produced up to 3 ft (91 cm) of snow in parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States from January 22 to January 24, 2016. Evolving from a shortwave trough that formed in the Pacific Northwest on January 19, the system consolidated into a defined low - pressure area on January 21 over Texas. Regarding it as a ``potentially historic blizzard '', meteorologists indicated the storm could produce more than 2 ft (61 cm) of snow across a wide swath of the Mid-Atlantic region and could`` paralyze the eastern third of the nation''. Winter weather expert Paul Kocin described the blizzard as ``kind of a top - 10 snowstorm ''.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Humber River (Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "The Humber River is a river in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, is a tributary of Lake Ontario and is one of two major rivers on either side of the city of Toronto, the other being the Don River to the east. It was designated a Canadian Heritage River on September 24, 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Snow in Florida", "paragraph_text": "January 22 -- 23, 2016: Snow flurries are reported along the Florida panhandle, as far east as the Jacksonville area, and as far south as the Gainesville area.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161709, "question": "What state lies to the east of Lake Ontario?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 51040, "question": "when did it snow in #1 2016", "answer": "January 22 to January 24, 2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mimikry", "paragraph_text": "Mimikry is a Swedish punk rock band established by singer Hjalmar \"Hjalle\" Östman and drummer Jonas \"Heavy\" Stentäpp both coming from the Gagnef region west of Sweden. Besides Mimikry with its 8 albums to date, Hjalle and Heavy had an important duo project and had three further albums in their name Hjalle och Heavy, after huge popularity through the television series \"På rymmen\". Heavy was also involved in famous metal band Dökött.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Illinois Route 145", "paragraph_text": "Illinois Route 145 is a north–south state road in southern Illinois. It splits off from U.S. Route 45 near Metropolis (across the Ohio River from Paducah, Kentucky) and runs north, rejoining U.S. 45 in Harrisburg. This is a distance of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Walter Colquhoun Grant", "paragraph_text": "Walter Colquhoun Grant (27 May 1822 – 27 August 1861) was British Army officer and a pioneer settler in what is today British Columbia. He served briefly as a colonial surveyor but left after a few years to rejoin the army. He died while in the service in Saugor, Bengal, India at 39.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mowgli", "paragraph_text": "Finally, Mowgli stumbles across the village where his adopted human mother (Messua), is now living, which forces him to come to terms with his humanity and decide whether to rejoin his fellow humans in ``The Spring Running ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Freemasonry", "paragraph_text": "Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Danilo Kuzmanović", "paragraph_text": "Born in Belgrade, he previously played for Swedish side Djurgårdens IF and during the winter break of the 2011-12 season he rejoined Serbian SuperLiga side FK Rad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Codex Alexandrinus", "paragraph_text": "The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden δ 4) is a fifth-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. Brian Walton assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the Polyglot Bible of 1657. This designation was maintained when the system was standardized by Wettstein in 1751. Thus, Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR", "paragraph_text": "The Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR (DFV) was from 1958 the football association of the (East) German Democratic Republic, fielding the East Germany national football team until 1990 before rejoining its counterpart, the German Football Association (DFB), which had been founded in 1900.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Barbara Aland", "paragraph_text": "Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Kelley Deal 6000", "paragraph_text": "The Kelley Deal 6000 was an alternative rock band formed in Saint Paul, Minnesota and was active between 1995 and 1997. They were formed by Kelley Deal in 1995, while her main band The Breeders was on hiatus and after she had just completed a stint in rehab. The band released two albums in 1995 and 1997, before Kelley went back to rejoin The Breeders the following year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Criteria for a Black Widow", "paragraph_text": "Criteria for a Black Widow is the seventh studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Annihilator, released on June 1, 1999 by Roadrunner Records. It is the only album to feature the reunited \"Alice in Hell\"-era line-up (with the exception of bassist Wayne Darley, who declined to rejoin the band, and was replaced by Russ Bergquist).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Separation of Panama from Colombia", "paragraph_text": "The separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903, with the establishment of the Republic of Panama. From the Independence of Panama from Spain in 1821, Panama had simultaneously declared independence from Spain and joined itself to the confederation of Gran Colombia through the Independence Act of Panama. Panama was always tenuously connected to the rest of the country to the south, owing to its remoteness from the government in Bogotá and lack of a practical overland connection to the rest of Gran Colombia. In 1840 - 1841, a short - lived independent republic was established under Tomás de Herrera. After rejoining Colombia following a 13 - month independence, it remained a province which saw frequent rebellious flare - ups, notably the Panama crisis of 1885, which saw the intervention of the United States Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Meanwhile, Andreas Papandreou founded the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) in response to Karamanlis's conservative New Democracy party, with the two political formations alternating in government ever since. Greece rejoined NATO in 1980. Greece became the tenth member of the European Communities (subsequently subsumed by the European Union) on 1 January 1981, ushering in a period of sustained growth. Widespread investments in industrial enterprises and heavy infrastructure, as well as funds from the European Union and growing revenues from tourism, shipping and a fast-growing service sector raised the country's standard of living to unprecedented levels. Traditionally strained relations with neighbouring Turkey improved when successive earthquakes hit both nations in 1999, leading to the lifting of the Greek veto against Turkey's bid for EU membership.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Guns N' Roses", "paragraph_text": "On December 29, 2015, several days after a Guns N 'Roses related teaser was released to movie theaters, Billboard reported that Slash was set to rejoin the band and a ``reunited ''lineup will headline Coachella 2016. Rose was set to appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live! the following week to talk about the future of the band, but his appearance was cancelled due to`` unforeseen circumstances''. Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan are rejoining the band. The Coachella festival confirmed via press release that McKagan and Slash were rejoining. The band's first scheduled concerts with Slash and McKagan took place at the newly opened T - Mobile Arena on April 8 and 9, 2016. On March 25, 2016, the band announced 21 cities as part of a North American tour, dubbed the Not in This Lifetime... Tour. Additional legs of the tour were added for Latin America, Asia and Oceania through 2017. Later on, a second North American Leg was added for 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Beni Prasad Verma", "paragraph_text": "Beni Prasad Verma (born 11 February 1941) is an Indian politician and presently a member of the Samajwadi Party. Earlier he was with Samajwadi Party of Mulayam Singh Yadav, then he joined Indian National Congress and was elected on its ticket to Lok Sabha in 2009. In 2016 he rejoined Samajwadi Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "League of Nations", "paragraph_text": "Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sebastiano Bedendo", "paragraph_text": "Maggiore Sebastiano Bedendo (18 July 1895-24 August 1935) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. After completing his education postwar, he rejoined Italian military aviation. He set several world aviation flying records with a Nuvoli N.5 monoplane before dying in an air crash.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "N83 road (Ireland)", "paragraph_text": "The N83 road is a national secondary road in Ireland that runs (north to south) from its junction with the N17 just south of Ireland West Airport Knock in County Mayo to a point just north of Tuam, County Galway where it rejoins the N17. On 27 September 2017, the old N17 from the Kilmore Roundabout in Tuam to the junction with the N6 in Galway city was redesignated as the N83.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Maly Volkhovets River", "paragraph_text": "The Maly Volkhovets () is a right (eastern) armlet of the Volkhov River in Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It splits from the Volkhov below its outflow from the Lake Ilmen, bypasses the city of Veliky Novgorod (so that the eastern part of the city is situated on an island), and rejoins the Volkhov north of the Khutyn Monastery. It is long. The Vishera River, one of the Volkhov's principal tributaries, is a tributary of the Maly Volkhovets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Charlotte 49ers", "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107288, "question": "Which was the country for Mimikry?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 159613, "question": "When did Alanders rejoin #1 ?", "answer": "December 1917", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "History of Germany", "paragraph_text": "In the early 1930s, the worldwide Great Depression hit Germany hard, as unemployment soared and people lost confidence in the government. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. His Nazi Party quickly established a totalitarian regime, and Nazi Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands, threatening war if they were not met. Remilitarization of the Rhineland came in 1936, then annexation of Austria in the Anschluss and parts of Czechoslovakia with the Munich Agreement in 1938, and further territory of Czechoslovakia in 1939. On 1 September 1939, Germany initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland. After forming a pact with the Soviet Union in 1939, Hitler and Stalin divided Eastern Europe. After a \"Phoney War\" in spring 1940, the Germans swept Denmark and Norway, the Low Countries, and France, giving Germany control of nearly all of Western Europe. Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "AK-47", "paragraph_text": "The AK - 47, AK, or as it is officially known (Russian: Автома́т Кала́шникова, tr. Avtomát Kaláshnikova, lit. Kalashnikov's Automatic Rifle), also known as the Kalashnikov, is a gas - operated, 7.62 × 39mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is the originating firearm of the Kalashnikov rifle (or ``AK '') family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "East Prussia", "paragraph_text": "In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of Industries and Mines exploit mines without the involvement of the Department of Environment, and by approving large national development projects without demanding comprehensive study of their impact on wildlife habitats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Oleg Petrov", "paragraph_text": "In November 2007, Ak Bars Kazan, which had problems with their roster after losing their second line in the off-season, signed Oleg Petrov, along with Jukka Hentunnen and Petr Ċajanek, to form a new second line. In a 2007 interview with a Russian sport website, Oleg Petrov said that he would consider quitting professional hockey after the season. In the summer of 2009, Oleg Petrov concluded a one-year contract with KHL team Atlant Mytishchi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "AK-74", "paragraph_text": "In 1991 the Izhmash factory in the city of Izhevsk began full-scale production of a modernized variant of the AK-74—the AK-74M (M—Russian: \"Модернизированный\"; \"Modernizirovanniy\" or \"modernized\") assault rifle that offers more versatility compared with its predecessor. Apart from several minor improvements, such as a lightened bolt and carrier assembly to reduce the impulse of the gas piston and bolt carrier during firing, the rifle features a new glass-filled polyamide stock that retains the shape of the original AK-74 fixed laminated wood stock, but side-folds to the left like the skeletonized AKS-74 buttstock. Additionally the AK-74M features an improved muzzle device, a reinforced smooth dust cover and a redesigned guide rod return spring retainer that allows firing the GP-25, GP-30 and GP-34 underslung grenade launchers without having to use the previously necessary additional receiver cover fastener. Each AK-74M is fitted with a side-rail bracket for mounting optics. The AK-74M would have been adopted by the Soviet Union as the standard service rifle, and has been accepted as the new service rifle of the Russian Federation.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gwendolyn Killebrew", "paragraph_text": "Gwendolyn Killebrew (born August 26, 1939) is an American operatic contralto who has worked in Germany and internationally, including the Metropolitan Opera and the Bayreuth Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "RK 62", "paragraph_text": "The RK 62 was designed in 1962 and is based on the Polish licensed version of the Soviet AK-47 design. The RK 62 uses the same 7.62×39mm cartridge as the AK-47. Between 1965 and 1994 350,000 M62 rifles were produced jointly by Valmet and Sako. It is the basis of the IMI Galil, an Israeli-made assault rifle with many similarities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Christiane Hammacher", "paragraph_text": "Christiane Hammacher (born 1939 in Mannheim, Germany) is a German actress, who has performed on the German stage and on television.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "On August 19, the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement was finally signed. On 21 August, the Soviets suspended Tripartite military talks, citing other reasons. That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (border along the Vistula river), Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia in the Soviets' sphere of influence. That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ak 5", "paragraph_text": "The first versions of the Ak 5 family were made by the Swedish company FFV Ordnance AB (now part of Saab Bofors Dynamics) under license from FN, with deliveries starting in 1986. This version of the Ak 5 is still in the inventory of the Swedish Armed Forces, but is no longer issued to soldiers, having been replaced by the Ak 5C and Ak 5D. This version uses fixed iron sights, and the Swedish Armed Forces have estimated that the maximum practical distance is 400 meters, but it can be used at longer ranges. This brings it in line with the M16, using the Swedish Armed Forces definition of maximum practical distance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "AKM", "paragraph_text": "Introduced into service with the Soviet Army in 1959, the AKM is the most ubiquitous variant of the entire AK series of firearms and it has found widespread use with most member states of the former Warsaw Pact and its African and Asian allies as well as being widely exported and produced in many other countries. The production of these rifles was carried out at both the Tula Arms Plant and Izhmash. It was officially replaced in Soviet frontline service by the AK-74 in the late 1970s, but remains in use worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "AK-12", "paragraph_text": "On 25 May 2010, the Russian media published a Russian Ministry of Defence statement that the AK-12 rifle was to be tested in 2011. The early prototype model (AK-200), was presented to the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin during his official visit to inspect the products of the Izhmash arms manufacturing plant in Izhevsk, it was apparently a basic AK-74 (thus chambered in 5.45×39mm cartridge). The Izhmash's prototype was fitted with a large-capacity 60-round casket magazine. On the early prototype model, the traditional locations of the cocking handle, safety lever and fire selector remained unchanged, but the AK-12's production model featured revisions to all of these features.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "AK-63", "paragraph_text": "In Hungarian service, the AK-63 replaced the AMD-65, which is nearly identical but features a modified heat shield and a vertical forward hand grip under the barrel. Although the AMD-65 had been the Hungarian service rifle since 1965, it was more expensive to build, and the forward grips had a reputation for being easily damaged in the field. In the late-1970s, the Hungarian Defense Ministry requested that FÉG manufacture a cheaper rifle based on the more traditional Soviet AKM design. By the end of 1977, the AK-63 was adopted by the Hungarian People's Army (beginning with the Ground Forces). In 1978, FÉG added a folding stock AKMS version of the AK-63 to their catalogue; thereafter, the fixed-stock AK-63 became known as the AK-63F (Wooden Stock) and the folding-stock version was designated AK-63D (Descent).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Akyazı", "paragraph_text": "Akyazı is a town and district of Sakarya Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The mayor is Hasan Akcan (AK PARTI).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Spy in Black", "paragraph_text": "\"The Spy in Black\" was filmed at Denham Studios, with location shooting at Northchurch Common in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire and in Orkney, Scotland. The film wrapped production on 24 December 1938 and was released in the U.K. on 12 August 1939 – 22 days before the country again went to war with Germany. Its American premiere was held in New York City on 5 October of that year, and it went into general release two days later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941", "paragraph_text": "Cooperation ended in 1933, as Adolf Hitler came to power and created Nazi Germany. The countries' economic relationship dwindled at the beginning of the Nazi era, but some diplomatic initiatives continued through the 1930s, culminating with the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 and various trade agreements. Few questions concerning the origins of the Second World War are more controversial and ideologically loaded than the issue of the policies of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin towards Nazi Germany between the Nazi seizure of power and the German invasion of the USSR on June 22, 1941.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "AK-74", "paragraph_text": "The AK-74 (Russian: or \"Kalashnikov automatic rifle model 1974\") is an assault rifle developed in the early 1970s by Russian designer Mikhail Kalashnikov to replace the earlier AKM (itself a refined version of the AK-47). It uses a smaller 5.45×39mm cartridge, replacing the 7.62×39mm chambering of earlier Kalashnikov-pattern weapons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Bolesław Domański", "paragraph_text": "Bolesław Domański (*1872 in Przytarnia (\"Wildau\"), near Konitz, West Prussia - † 1939, Berlin, Germany) was a famous Polish Catholic priest, chief of the Union of Poles in Germany. In the years 1903-1939 he was a parson of Zakrzewo parish. Domański was a fighter for the rights of the Polish minority in Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia, at the time a Prussian province on the border of Germany and Poland, as well as for the rights of Polish emigrants in the Ruhr area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 105545, "question": "Which was the country for AK-74?", "answer": "Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 50964, "question": "what did germany and #1 sign in 1939", "answer": "Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of 1939", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Millston (CDP), Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Millston is an unincorporated census-designated place located in the town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. Millston is located along U.S. Route 12 and Interstate 94 southeast of Black River Falls. As of the 2010 census, its population is 125. Millston is completely surrounded by the Black River State Forest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "P. S. Dupont High School", "paragraph_text": "P. S. Dupont High School is a historic high school building located at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built in 1934, and is a four-story, \"E\"-shaped, red brick building in a Colonial Revival / Neo-Georgian style. It has a hipped roof covered with dark reddish-brown shingles, topped by a wood, three-level tower and cupola that ends in a multiple sided, bell-like copper roof and weather vane. The school is named for Pierre S. duPont (1870–1954).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jefferson Trust Company", "paragraph_text": "The Jefferson Trust Company, is located in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1912 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 1986. The original trust company failed during the Great Depression and the building passed on to a succession of owners. The building was constructed using granite and brick. Much of the original plaster interior remains intact. The building recently underwent a renovation into luxury condos.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Black Earth, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Black Earth is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,338 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the Town of Black Earth. It is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Athens Governmental Buildings", "paragraph_text": "The Athens Governmental Buildings are a complex of buildings in central Athens, Ohio, United States. Among these buildings are the Athens County Courthouse, the Athens City Hall, and the former post office, now Haning Hall of Ohio University. The current post office is a much more recent building away from the town center, on East Stimson Avenue. Together, they were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "CBS Building", "paragraph_text": "The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock, is the headquarters of CBS Corporation. Located at 51 West 52nd Street at the corner of Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), the Eero Saarinen designed building opened in 1965. It is 38 stories and tall with approximately rentable of space. The interior and furnishings were designed by Saarinen and Florence Knoll.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Winston-Salem State University", "paragraph_text": "Winston-Salem State University (WSSU), a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina, is a historically black public research university located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. WSSU is an accredited university offering baccalaureate and graduate programs to a diverse student population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Capitol Place", "paragraph_text": "Capitol Place is a high-rise office building located in Washington, D.C., United States. The building rises to , with 12 floors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Professor Joseph Henry", "paragraph_text": "Professor Joseph Henry is an outdoor bronze sculpture by William Wetmore Story, depicting Joseph Henry, located in front of Washington, D.C.'s Smithsonian Institution Building, in the United States. The sculpture is nine feet tall, with a base made from Maine red granite and Quincy gray granite. It was modeled in 1881, cast the following year, and dedicated on April 19, 1883.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Black Hawk Township, Jefferson County, Iowa", "paragraph_text": "Black Hawk Township is located in Jefferson County, Iowa. The population is 314 with 161 males and 153 females. The land area is with no water area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Smithsonian American Art Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Smithsonian American Art Museum first opened to the public in its current location in 1968 when the Smithsonian renovated the Old Patent Office Building in order to display its collection of fine art. American Art's main building, the Old Patent Office Building, is a National Historic Landmark located in Washington, D.C.'s downtown cultural district. It is considered an example of Greek Revival architecture in the United States. It was designed by architects Robert Mills, and Thomas U. Walter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "60 State Street", "paragraph_text": "Designed by the Chicago-based firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and developed by Cabot, Cabot & Forbes, 60 State Street is clad in pink granite to blend with the red brick of Faneuil Hall, City Hall Plaza and other neighboring buildings and spaces. The granite-clad triangular pillars alternate with vertical banks of rectangular floor-to-ceiling windows in a pattern similar to that of Eero Saarinen's black granite-faced CBS Building, a.k.a. \"Black Rock,\" in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "While Blacks/African-Americans comprised only 13 percent of Michigan's population in 2010, they made up nearly 82 percent of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were Whites, at 10 percent, and Hispanics, at 6 percent. According to the 2010 Census, segregation in Detroit has decreased in absolute and in relative terms. In the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit. The number of integrated neighborhoods has increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. The city has also moved down the ranking, from number one most segregated to number four. A 2011 op-ed in The New York Times attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. This pattern already happened in the 1970s, when apparent integration was actually a precursor to white flight and resegregation. Over a 60-year period, white flight occurred in the city. According to an estimate of the Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, from 2008 to 2009 the percentage of non-Hispanic White residents increased from 8.4% to 13.3%. Some empty nesters and many younger White people moved into the city while many African Americans moved to the suburbs.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "African Americans in the United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "As a result of these measures, blacks acquired the right to vote across the Southern states. In several states (notably Mississippi and South Carolina), blacks were the majority of the population. By forming coalitions with pro-Union whites, Republicans took control of the state legislatures. At the time, state legislatures elected the members of the US Senate. During Reconstruction, only the state legislature of Mississippi elected any black senators. On February 25, 1870, Hiram Rhodes Revels was seated as the first black member of the Senate, while Blanche Bruce, also of Mississippi, seated in 1875, was the second. Revels was the first black member of the Congress overall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Baltimore General Dispensary", "paragraph_text": "Baltimore General Dispensary is a historic public dispensary building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is three bays wide and two stories high, with running bond red brick foundation and building walls, and a water table constricted in 1911. The front features a simple cornice surmounting a stone entablature reading: 1801 Baltimore General Dispensary 1911. It is the only surviving building designed for Baltimore's oldest charity. The interior originally featured a large dispensary center on the first floor, separated for black and white patients. The rooms for surgical and medical aid on the second floor gave the poor a measure of privacy rarely available to charity patients.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pennsylvania State Office Building", "paragraph_text": "Pennsylvania State Office Building is a historic office building located in the Hahnemann neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1957-1958, and is an 18-story, steel frame and reinforced concrete building. It is clad in white marble exterior panels and measures 63 feet by 259 feet. Its style is reflective of the Modern movement. The building is surrounded by a group of formal concrete plazas. At one end is a black granite fountain with a double concave shape.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Black Wolf, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Black Wolf is a town in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,410 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Black Wolf, Black Wolf Point, Decorah Beach, Little Point, Paukotuk, and Point Comfort are located in the town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Black Theater of Ardmore", "paragraph_text": "The Black Theater of Ardmore is a historic theater building in Ardmore, Oklahoma, United States. It was built in 1922 during a time of racial segregation, when Ardmore's community of more than 2,000 African American residents had its own business district and its own residential area. The theater provided entertainment for black residents who were excluded from patronizing white theaters. It is also a symbol to the once-thriving black business district of Ardmore. It functioned as a theater until 1944, when it was sold to the Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe. The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted. Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period. In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish state originating in Anatolia, encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Longyear Building", "paragraph_text": "The Longyear Building is a commercial structure located at 210 North Front Street in Marquette, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 130798, "question": "What state is Longyear Building located?", "answer": "Michigan", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 26110, "question": "How much of #1 's population is Black?", "answer": "13 percent", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, \"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect\". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that \"most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ... It is probable that Chopin used the older form of rubato so important to Mozart ... [where] the melody note in the right hand is delayed until after the note in the bass ... An allied form of this rubato is the arpeggiation of the chords thereby delaying the melody note; according to Chopin's pupil, Karol Mikuli, Chopin was firmly opposed to this practice.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Philip IV of France", "paragraph_text": "Philip IV (April -- June 1268 -- 29 November 1314), called the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel) or the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer), was King of France from 1285 until his death. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also Philip I, King of Navarre from 1284 to 1305. He also briefly ruled the County of Champagne in right of his wife, although after his accession as king in 1285 the county remained under the sole governance of his wife until her death in 1305, and then fell to their son Louis until Philip's own death in 1314, after which his son acceded to the French throne and the county was finally united to the crown lands of France. Although Philip was known as handsome, his inflexible personality gained him other epithets, from friend and foe alike. His fierce opponent Bernard Saisset, bishop of Pamiers, said of him, ``He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue. ''", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In 1841, Léon Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, \"One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition. In truth, nothing equals the lightness, the sweetness with which the composer preludes on the piano; moreover nothing may be compared to his works full of originality, distinction and grace.\" Chopin refused to conform to a standard method of playing and believed that there was no set technique for playing well. His style was based extensively on his use of very independent finger technique. In his Projet de méthode he wrote: \"Everything is a matter of knowing good fingering ... we need no less to use the rest of the hand, the wrist, the forearm and the upper arm.\" He further stated: \"One needs only to study a certain position of the hand in relation to the keys to obtain with ease the most beautiful quality of sound, to know how to play short notes and long notes, and [to attain] unlimited dexterity.\" The consequences of this approach to technique in Chopin's music include the frequent use of the entire range of the keyboard, passages in double octaves and other chord groupings, swiftly repeated notes, the use of grace notes, and the use of contrasting rhythms (four against three, for example) between the hands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Night of Hunters", "paragraph_text": "Night of Hunters is the twelfth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos, released on September 20, 2011, in the United States through Deutsche Grammophon. It is a concept album that Amos has described as \"a 21st century song cycle inspired by classical music themes spanning over 400 years.\" She pays tribute to classical composers such as Alkan, Bach, Chopin, Debussy, Granados, Satie and Schubert, taking inspiration from their original compositions to create new, independent songs. Regarding the album's concept, she has described it as the exploration of \"the hunter and the hunted and how both exist within us\" through the story of \"a woman who finds herself in the dying embers of a relationship.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand. A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838–39 was one of his most productive periods of composition. In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. Through most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health. He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65, allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor. He expressed a deathbed wish that all his unpublished manuscripts be destroyed. At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp. 66–73), published in 1855. In 1857, 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74, though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin invented the concept of instrumental ballade. His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, études, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only after his death. Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Alberto II della Scala", "paragraph_text": "Alberto II della Scala (1306 – 13 September 1352) was lord of Verona from 1329 until his death. He was a member of the famous Scaliger family of northern Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839–43, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53. Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition. Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Storm (short story)", "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by the American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The story takes place during the 19th century somewhere in the South, where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Édouard Wolff (1816–1880) and Pierre Zimmermann. Debussy dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin; he frequently played Chopin's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire, and undertook the editing of Chopin's piano music for the publisher Jacques Durand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that \"As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.\" The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Blue Country Heart", "paragraph_text": "Blue Country Heart is a Jorma Kaukonen studio album released in June, 2002. It was his first album on a major label since 1980's \"Barbeque King\". Kaukonen didn't write any new compositions for the album, and instead played mostly country-blues cover songs.The album features performances by Sam Bush, Jerry Douglas, Byron House and Bela Fleck, and was nominated for a Grammy award in 2003 for \"Best Traditional Folk Album.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that \"his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual.\"", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 407, "question": "Where did Chopin create the majority of his compositions?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 56424, "question": "who was the king of #1 in 1306", "answer": "Philip IV", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mexican passport", "paragraph_text": "1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad *. c) Certificate * Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth *; e) Naturalization Certificate *, and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Big Arvo", "paragraph_text": "The Big Arvo, originally titled The Big Breakfast, is an Australian television program that was broadcast on the Seven Network from 1999 until 2005. It began in a morning timeslot under the name of \"The Big Breakfast\", before moving to the afternoon to make way for \"AMV: All Music Video\" and \"Sunrise\". The program was presented by four hosts, who hosted the show in a large model bus. The program included segments such as \"cool job\" and \"dare\" to amuse younger viewers and to teach viewers who had outgrown \"Play School\". It appeared in \"K-Zone\" magazine to celebrate 500 episodes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tevin Coleman", "paragraph_text": "Tevin Coleman Coleman in 2015 No. 26 -- Atlanta Falcons Position: Running back Date of birth: (1993 - 04 - 16) April 16, 1993 (age 24) Place of birth: Oak Forest, Illinois Height: 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Weight: 210 lb (95 kg) Career information High school: Oak Forest (IL) College: Indiana NFL Draft: 2015 / Round: 3 / Pick: 73 Career history Atlanta Falcons (2015 -- present) Roster status: Active Career highlights and awards Unanimous All - American (2014) First - team All - Big Ten (2014) Career NFL statistics as of Week 8, 2017 Rushing yards: 1,223 Rushing average: 4.7 Rushing touchdowns: 10 Receptions: 48 Receiving yards: 614 Receiving touchdowns: 4 Player stats at NFL.com", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2017 Raleigh mayoral election", "paragraph_text": "The biennial nonpartisan election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2017. As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on November 7, 2017, as requested by the second - place finisher, Charles Francis. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane defeated Francis in the runoff, winning a fourth term in office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bob Henley", "paragraph_text": "Henley would appear in 41 games, starting 30 at catcher, for the 1998 Expos, as he and Mike Hubbard backed up regular Chris Widger. He amassed 35 hits and 11 walks in 132 plate appearances, batting .304 and collecting three homers (off Pedro Astacio, Kirt Ojala and Bobby Jones) and eight doubles. On September 25, his penultimate appearance of the season, Henley went 4-for-4 with two doubles and three runs batted in against the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ilir Jaçellari", "paragraph_text": "Ilir Jaçellari was born in Lushnje, Albania on 07.07.1970. His first studies were in painting and acting with famous teaching personalities such as Faslli Haliti and Gjergj Lala. His first shows were presented in his city of birth. Ilir is son of famous Albanian writer Halil Jaçellari.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Arvo Sävelä", "paragraph_text": "Arvo Päiviö Sävelä (30 June 1908, Kankaanpää - 17 November 1976; surname until 1936 \"Sjöviiki\") was a Finnish smallholder and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1962, representing first the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), later the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of Arrow characters", "paragraph_text": "Moira Queen (portrayed by Susanna Thompson; Seasons 1 - 2) is the mother of Oliver and Thea, the former acting CEO of Queen Consolidated, mayoral candidate and wife of Robert Queen and later Walter Steele. She also had a brief affair with Malcolm Merlyn after his wife's death, which resulted in Thea's birth. She is based on the minor DC Comics character of the same name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Cincinnati", "paragraph_text": "The present Mayor of Cincinnati is John Cranley. The nine-member city council is composed of Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman and Councilmembers Tamaya Dennard (President Pro-Tem), David Mann, Amy Murray, Chris Seelbach, P.G. Sittenfeld, Greg Landsman, Jeff Pastor, and Wendell Young. The city manager is Harry Black, and the manager maintains two assistant city managers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Place Beyond the Pines", "paragraph_text": "The Place Beyond the Pines is a 2012 American crime drama film directed by Derek Cianfrance and written by Cianfrance, Ben Coccio, and Darius Marder. It stars Ryan Gosling, Bradley Cooper, Eva Mendes, Emory Cohen and Dane DeHaan, with Ben Mendelsohn, Rose Byrne, Mahershala Ali, Bruce Greenwood, Harris Yulin, and Ray Liotta in supporting roles. The film reunites Cianfrance and Gosling, who worked together on 2010s Blue Valentine. The film was scored by Mike Patton and also featured previously written music by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt. The title is the English meaning of the city of Schenectady, New York, which is derived loosely from a Mohawk word for ``place beyond the pine plains. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Octavian Utalea", "paragraph_text": "Octavian Utalea (11 February 1868, Maieru (), Beszterce-Naszód, Kingdom of Hungary - present-day Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Romania – ?) became mayor of the municipality of Cluj, Romania on 1 May 1923. He served as mayor until 14 March 1926. Among the accomplishments of his term in office were the opening of an Army Club (\"Cerc Militar\") in the Reduta Palace and the founding of a School of Fine Arts (today's School of Plastic Arts) in the Central Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Arvo Ojala", "paragraph_text": "Arvo Ojala (February 21, 1920 in Seattle, Washington – July 1, 2005 in Gresham, Oregon) was a Hollywood technical advisor on the subject of quick-draw with a revolver. He also worked as an actor; his most famous role was that of the unnamed man shot by Marshal Matt Dillon in the opening sequences of the long-running television series \"Gunsmoke\". As a joke on the producers, James Arness and Arvo actually did the opener once with Dillon falling to the ground.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Woman's Hour", "paragraph_text": "Created by Norman Collins and originally presented by Alan Ivimey, Woman's Hour was first broadcast on 7 October 1946 on the BBC's Light Programme (now called Radio 2). Janet Quigley, who was also involved with the birth of the UK radio programme Today, has been credited with ``virtually creating ''the programme.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kolkata Municipal Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Kolkata Municipal Corporation or KMC (formerly Calcutta Municipal Corporation or CMC) is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Kolkata. This civic administrative body administers an area of 200.71 km. Its motto, Purosree Bibardhan, is inscribed on its emblem in Bengali script. KMC is headed by Sovan Chatterjee the present Mayor of Kolkata.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac", "paragraph_text": "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Arvo Mets", "paragraph_text": "Arvo Antonovich Mets (; 29 April 1937 – 1997) was an Estonian-born Russian poet. He is regarded as a master of Russian free verse. He also translated works of Estonian poets into Russian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is \"People's Government of Nanjing City\" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "This Is Us", "paragraph_text": "Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016 -- 2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c. 1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8 -- 10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served as settings. Recently, the show has flashed back to follow the lives of newer characters, such as Randall's foster child, Deja. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144478, "question": "What is the birth place of Arvo Ojala?", "answer": "Seattle", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 16101, "question": "Who is the present mayor of #1 ?", "answer": "Ed Murray", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Religion in Kyrgyzstan", "paragraph_text": "Islam is the most widely held faith. Official sources estimated that 87,6 percent of the population is Muslim. The CIA World Factbook estimates 85%. Almost all the Muslims are Sunni; there are few Shia in the country (approximately one thousand). There are also a few Ahmadiyya Muslims, though unrecognised by the country. According to SARA, as of May 2007 there were 1,650 mosques, of which 1,623 were registered. There also were seven institutes for higher Islamic teaching.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Marmaduke Pickthall", "paragraph_text": "Pickthall travelled across many Eastern countries, gaining a reputation as a Middle-Eastern scholar. Before declaring his faith as a Muslim, Pickthall was a strong ally of the Ottoman Empire. He studied the Orient, and published articles and novels on the subject. While in the service of the Nizam of Hyderabad, Pickthall published his English translation of the Qur'an with the title The Meaning of the Glorious Koran. The translation was authorized by the Al-Azhar University and the Times Literary Supplement praised his efforts by writing \"noted translator of the glorious Quran into English language, a great literary achievement.\"When a propaganda campaign was launched in the United Kingdom in 1915 over the massacres of Armenians, Pickthall rose to challenge it and argued that the blame could not be placed on the Turkish government entirely. At a time when Muslims in London had been co-opted by the Foreign Office to provide propaganda services in support of Britain's war against Turkey, Pickthall's stand was considered courageous given the wartime climate. When British Muslims were asked to decide whether they were loyal to the Allies (Britain and France) or the Central Powers (Germany and Turkey), Pickthall said he was ready to be a combatant for his country so long as he did not have to fight the Turks. He was conscripted in the last months of the war and became corporal in charge of an influenza isolation hospital.In 1920 he went to India with his wife to serve as editor of the Bombay Chronicle, returning to England only in 1935, a year before his death at St Ives, Cornwall. It was in India that he completed his famous translation, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Religion in Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "The official form of Islam is Sunni of the Hanbali school, in its Salafi version. According to official statistics, 75–85% of Saudi Arabian citizens are Sunni Muslims, 10–15% are Shia. (More than 30% of the population is made up of foreign workers who are predominantly but not entirely Muslim.) It is unknown how many Ahmadis there are in the country. The two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are in Saudi Arabia. For many reasons, non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the holy cities although some Western non-Muslims have been able to enter, disguised as Muslims.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "The Muslim minority in Thrace, which amounts to approximately 0.95% of the total population, consists of speakers of Turkish, Bulgarian (Pomaks) and Romani. Romani is also spoken by Christian Roma in other parts of the country. Further minority languages have traditionally been spoken by regional population groups in various parts of the country. Their use has decreased radically in the course of the 20th century through assimilation with the Greek-speaking majority. Today they are only maintained by the older generations and are on the verge of extinction. This goes for the Arvanites, an Albanian-speaking group mostly located in the rural areas around the capital Athens, and for the Aromanians and Moglenites, also known as Vlachs, whose language is closely related to Romanian and who used to live scattered across several areas of mountainous central Greece. Members of these groups ethnically identify as Greeks and are today all at least bilingual in Greek.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "The University of St Mark & St John (known as \"Marjon\" or \"Marjons\") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Comoros", "paragraph_text": "Sunni Islam is the dominant religion, representing as much as 99% of the population. A minority of the population of the Comoros, mostly immigrants from metropolitan France, are Roman Catholic. Comoros is the only Muslim-majority country in Southern Africa and the second southernmost Muslim-majority territory after the French territory of Mayotte.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "List of United States Air Force installations", "paragraph_text": "Active - duty USAF bases in the United States are under the jurisdiction of the following Major Commands. There are 59 Active Bases across the country:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Steven Kull", "paragraph_text": "Kull began intensive study of public opinion in the Muslim world in 2006, conducting focus groups in six majority-Muslim nations and polls in eleven countries, of which the result is \"Feeling Betrayed\", his book on Muslim attitudes toward the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Islamic calendar", "paragraph_text": "The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري ‎ at - taqwīm al - hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used (often alongside the Gregorian calendar) to date events in many Muslim countries. It is also used by Muslims to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the annual period of fasting and the proper time for the pilgrimage to Mecca.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Daylight saving time", "paragraph_text": "In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Most Muslim countries do not use DST, partially for this reason.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy", "paragraph_text": "The \"Jyllands-Posten\" Muhammad cartoons controversy (or Muhammad cartoons crisis) (Danish: \"Muhammedkrisen\") began after the Danish newspaper \"Jyllands-Posten\" published 12 editorial cartoons on 30 September 2005, most of which depicted Muhammad, a principal figure of the religion of Islam. The newspaper announced that this was an attempt to contribute to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Muslim groups in Denmark complained, and the issue eventually led to protests around the world, including violent demonstrations and riots in some Muslim countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Islam by country", "paragraph_text": "The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together, the Muslims in the countries of the Malay Archipelago (which includes Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and East Timor) constitute the world's second or third largest population of Muslims. Here Muslims are majorities in each country other than Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "April 2015 Nepal earthquake", "paragraph_text": "Thousands of houses were destroyed across many districts of the country, with entire villages flattened, especially those near the epicenter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence to anyone who took part. Tens of thousands of people from all levels of society mobilised across Europe and captured Jerusalem in 1099. One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East. These were especially brutal during the First Crusade, when the Jewish communities in Cologne, Mainz, and Worms were destroyed, and other communities in cities between the rivers Seine and Rhine suffered destruction. Another outgrowth of the crusades was the foundation of a new type of monastic order, the military orders of the Templars and Hospitallers, which fused monastic life with military service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lucknow Pact", "paragraph_text": "Lucknow Pact refers to an agreement reached between the moderates, militants and the Muslim League at the joint session of both the parties, held in Lucknow, in the year 1916. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, then a member of the Congress as well as the League, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressurize the British government to adopt a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country, besides safeguarding basic Muslim demands. After the unpopular partition of Bengal, Jinnah approached the League to make it more popular among the Muslim masses. Jinnah himself was the mastermind and architect of this pact. Due to the reconciliation brought about by Jinnah between the Congress and the League, the Nightingale of India, Sarojini Naidu, gave him the title of ``the Ambassador of Hindu - Muslim Unity ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Aahat", "paragraph_text": "Aahat (English: \"An approaching sound\") is an Indian thriller/horror television anthology series created by B. P. Singh for Sony Entertainment Television. The series premiered on 12 October 1995. The episodes of first, second and fifth seasons were half-hourly, while episodes of third, fourth and sixth seasons were one-hourly. Om Puri, Mandira Bedi, Tom Alter, Ashutosh Rana, Shivaji Satham, Virendra Saxena have starred in the show. Canadian actor, Remi Kaler also worked in the series in 1999 and 2000. The sixth season premiered on Wednesday, 18 February 2015, starring Shakti Anand and ended on 4 August 2015.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Islam in Guam", "paragraph_text": "The presence of Islam in Guam is quite small, centered on the island's only mosque, the Masjid Al-Noor in Mangilao. Muslims in Guam are from a wide variety of backgrounds, both originating in traditionally Muslim countries, as well as Chamorro converts and mainland Americans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Islam in India", "paragraph_text": "Islam (Arabic: الإسلام) is the second-largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or approx. 200 million people identifying as adherents of Islam (2018 estimate). It makes India the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. The majority of Indian Muslims belong to the Sunni sect of Islam. The religion first arrived at the western coast of India when Arab traders as early as the 7th century CE came to coastal Malabar and Konkan-Gujarat. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kerala is thought to be the first mosque in India, built in 629 CE by Malik Deenar. Following an expedition by the governor of Bahrain to Bharuch in the 7th century CE, immigrant Arab and Persian trading communities from South Arabia and the Persian Gulf began settling in coastal Gujarat. Ismaili Shia Islam was introduced to Gujarat in the second half of the 11th century, when Fatimid Imam Al-Mustansir Billah sent missionaries to Gujarat in 467 AH/1073 CE. Islam arrived in North India in the 12th century via the Turkic invasions and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage. Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and Muslims have played a notable role in economics, politics, and culture of India.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 107152, "question": "Which was the country for Aahat?", "answer": "India", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 158615, "question": "What are the roles of Muslims across #1 ?", "answer": "economics, politics, and culture of India", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "India", "IND", "in", "IN" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kenjgewin Teg Educational Institute", "paragraph_text": "Kenjgewin Teg Educational Institute (KTEI) is an Aboriginal-owned and controlled post-secondary institution at M'Chigeeng First Nation, on Mnidoo Mnising Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. In the Ojibwe language, Kenjgewin Teg means a place of knowledge. KTEI provides educational initiatives to its member population of 6,800+ people and to students in the surrounding area. Programs are offered to its eight-member First Nations:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "German Development Institute", "paragraph_text": "Since its founding in 1964, the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) has based its work on the interplay between Research, Consulting and Training. These three areas complement each other and are the factors responsible for the Institute’s distinctive profile.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Education in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). DepEd is responsible for the K -- 12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013. CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically - oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "National Institute of Education", "paragraph_text": "The National Institute of Education (NIE) is an autonomous institute of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore. Ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in Asia by the QS World University Rankings in the subject of Education in 2015, the institute is the sole teacher education institute for teachers in Singapore. NIE provides all levels of teacher education, ranging from initial teacher preparation, to graduate and in-service programmes, and courses for serving teachers, department heads, vice-principals and principals. Its enrolment stands at more than 5,600 full-time equivalent students. The institute was first established as the Teachers' Training College in 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bailey Gatzert", "paragraph_text": "Bailey Gatzert (December 29, 1829 – April 19, 1893) was an American politician and the eighth mayor of Seattle, Washington, serving from 1875 to 1876. He was the first Jewish mayor of Seattle, narrowly missing being the first Jewish mayor of a major American city (Moses Bloom became mayor of Iowa City, Iowa, in 1873), and has been the only Jewish mayor of Seattle to date.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "List of unrecognized higher education accreditation organizations", "paragraph_text": "Prerequisites and rules for higher education accreditation vary from country to country. In most countries, the function of quality assurance for higher education institutions is conducted by a government ministry of education. However in the United States, educational accreditation is performed primarily by private nonprofit membership associations, the legitimacy of which is validated through recognition by the United States Department of Education (USDE), the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), or both. USDE and CHEA recognize many of the independent accrediting organizations, but not all. Accreditors seek USDE or CHEA recognition for different reasons; for example, USDE recognition is required for accreditors whose institutions or programs seek eligibility for federal student aid funds. CHEA recognition confers an academic legitimacy on accrediting organizations, helping to solidify the place of these organizations and their institutions and programs in the national higher education community.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "According to the Framework Law (3549/2007), Public higher education \"Highest Educational Institutions\" (Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, Anótata Ekpaideytiká Idrýmata, \"ΑΕΙ\") consists of two parallel sectors:the University sector (Universities, Polytechnics, Fine Arts Schools, the Open University) and the Technological sector (Technological Education Institutions (TEI) and the School of Pedagogic and Technological Education). There are also State Non-University Tertiary Institutes offering vocationally oriented courses of shorter duration (2 to 3 years) which operate under the authority of other Ministries. Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio. Additionally, students over twenty-two years old may be admitted to the Hellenic Open University through a form of lottery. The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Montevideo", "paragraph_text": "The Montevideo Crandon Institute is an American School of missionary origin and the main Methodist educational institution in Uruguay. Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values. Its alumni include presidents, senators, ambassadors and Nobel Prize winners, along with musicians, scientists, and others. The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ille Gebeshuber", "paragraph_text": "Ille Gebeshuber studied at the Vienna University of Technology, where she continued to work as a key researcher and lecturer. From 2009 until 2015 she was a professor at the Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) at the National University of Malaysia (UKM). Since 2016 she is back at her home institution, the Vienna University of Technology, at the Institute of Applied Physics. Her book \"Wo die Maschinen wachsen: Wie Lösungen aus dem Dschungel unser Leben verändern werden\" (Where the machines grow: How solutions from the jungle will change our lives) was shortlisted as Austrian Science Book of the Year 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gandhi Maidan Marg", "paragraph_text": "Gandhi Maidan or Gandhi Maidan Marg is one of the most important thoroughfares in Patna, India. It is a historical place and is considered as a landmark of the city. Gandhi Maidan is the main market and commercial area of Patna with Ashok Rajpath which starts from Gandhi Maidan and Dak Bungalow Crossing and Bailey Road besides Frazer Road, Exhibition Road, Boring Road, and Boring Canal Road. There are many important institutes that have developed around the area of Gandhi Maidan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Rajasthan", "paragraph_text": "In Rajasthan, Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs. Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police University, National institute of Fashion Technology, MBM Engineering College etc. Kota is popularly referred to as, \"coaching capital of India\". Other major educational institutions are Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IIM Udaipur r and LNMIIT. Rajasthan has nine universities and more than 250 colleges, 55,000 primary and 7,400 secondary schools. There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students. Apart from above there 41 Private universities like Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur,Manipal University Jaipur, OPJS University, Churu, Mody University of Technology and Science Lakshmangarh (Women's University, Sikar), RNB Global University, Bikaner. The state has 23 polytechnic colleges and 152 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) that impart vocational training.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Seattle is home to the University of Washington, as well as the institution's professional and continuing education unit, the University of Washington Educational Outreach. A study by Newsweek International in 2006 cited the University of Washington as the twenty-second best university in the world. Seattle also has a number of smaller private universities including Seattle University and Seattle Pacific University, the former a Jesuit Catholic institution, the latter Free Methodist; universities aimed at the working adult, like City University and Antioch University; colleges within the Seattle Colleges District system, comprising North, Central, and South; seminaries, including Western Seminary and a number of arts colleges, such as Cornish College of the Arts, Pratt Fine Arts Center, and The Art Institute of Seattle. In 2001, Time magazine selected Seattle Central Community College as community college of the year, stating the school \"pushes diverse students to work together in small teams\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo", "paragraph_text": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo is a 1933 American Western film directed by Ken Maynard and written by Nate Gatzert. The film stars Ken Maynard, Gloria Shea, Fred Kohler, Frank Rice, Jack Rockwell and Joseph W. Girard. The film was released on July 20, 1933, by Universal Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Albert Zahn House", "paragraph_text": "The Albert Zahn House is located in Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Woodman Institute Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Woodman Institute Museum is located at 182 Central Avenue in Dover, New Hampshire, United States. It is a museum dedicated to history, science and the arts. It was created in 1915 with a bequest of $100,000 from philanthropist Annie Woodman to encourage her city's education in those three fields. The institute opened on July 26, 1916. Under the name of \"Woodman Institute\", the museum was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Edith Heath", "paragraph_text": "Heath Ceramics was purchased by Robin Petravic and Catherine Bailey in 2003. Edith Heath died on December 27, 2005 at her home in Tiburon, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad is also home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Hyderabad has five major medical schools—Osmania Medical College, Gandhi Medical College, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. The Government Nizamia Tibbi College is a college of Unani medicine. Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the Indian Heart Association, a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Place the Face", "paragraph_text": "Place the Face is an American game show that aired on CBS and NBC from 1953 to 1955. The series was hosted by Jack Smith, Jack Bailey, and then Bill Cullen. Jack Narz was the announcer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sławomir Sierakowski", "paragraph_text": "He studied sociology, philosophy, economics at the College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in the Humanities, Warsaw University, and worked under the direction of Ulrich Beck at the University of Munich. He was awarded scholarships from the Collegium Invisibile, Ministry of Education, Warsaw, the Goethe Institute and the German Foundation GFPS and DAAD, and the U.S. The German Marshall Fund, and Open Society Institute. He also participated in study visits to Paris at the invitation of the Government of France, and to the United States at the invitation of the American Jewish Committee and the Forum for Dialogue Among Nations, and has been visiting fellow at universities and scientific centres in Europe and the United States, including Princeton University, Yale University, Harvard University and the Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen in Vienna.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration", "paragraph_text": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration was established in the year 1962 as UNESCO Asian Centre for Educational Planners, Administrators and Supervisors which later became the Asian Institute of Educational Planning and Administration in 1965, which was later converted into the National Staff College for Educational Planners and Administrators in 1973, which was again rechristened as National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) in the year 1979. In 2006, NIEPA was given the status of a Deemed to be University", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146310, "question": "In what place did Bailey Gatzert die?", "answer": "Seattle", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 16121, "question": "What educational institution is at home in #1 ?", "answer": "University of Washington", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cotton picker", "paragraph_text": "Cotton picking was originally done by hand. In many societies, like America, slave and serf labor was utilized to pick the cotton, increasing the plantation owner's profit margins (See Trans - Atlantic Slave Trade). The first practical cotton picker was invented over a period of years beginning in the late 1920s by John Daniel Rust (1892 -- 1954) with the later help of his brother Mack Rust. Other inventors had tried designs with a barbed spindle to twist cotton fibers onto the spindle and then pull the cotton from the boll, but these early designs were impractical because the spindle became clogged with cotton. Rust determined that a smooth, moist spindle could be used to strip the fibers from the boll without trapping them in the machinery. In 1933 John Rust received his first patent, and eventually, he and his brother owned forty - seven patents on cotton picking machinery. However, during the Great Depression it was difficult to obtain financing to develop their inventions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was a tree, rather than a shrub. This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in several Germanic languages, such as German Baumwolle, which translates as \"tree wool\" (Baum means \"tree\"; Wolle means \"wool\"). Noting its similarities to wool, people in the region could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. John Mandeville, writing in 1350, stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: \"There grew there [India] a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie [sic].\" (See Vegetable Lamb of Tartary.) By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in Asia and the Americas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share. At that time, producers voted to set up a per-bale assessment system to fund the program, with built-in safeguards to protect their investments. With the passage of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act of 1966, the program joined forces and began battling synthetic competitors and re-establishing markets for cotton. Today, the success of this program has made cotton the best-selling fiber in the U.S. and one of the best-selling fibers in the world.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "A Cotton Office in New Orleans", "paragraph_text": "A Cotton Office in New Orleans is an 1873 oil painting by Edgar Degas. In it, Degas depicts his uncle Michel Musson's cotton brokerage business (which several years later went bankrupt in an economic crash, according to Michael McMahon of the \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" when the firm was swamped by the postwar growth of the much larger Cotton Exchange). In the painting, Musson is seen examining raw cotton for its quality while Degas' brother Rene reads \"The Daily Picayune\". Another brother, Achille, rests against a window wall at left while others, including Musson's partners, go about their business.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries. It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Cotton remains a major export of the southern United States, and a majority of the world's annual cotton crop is of the long - staple American variety.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Production capacity in Britain and the United States was improved by the invention of the cotton gin by the American Eli Whitney in 1793. Before the development of cotton gins, the cotton fibers had to be pulled from the seeds tediously by hand. By the late 1700s a number of crude ginning machines had been developed. However, to produce a bale of cotton required over 600 hours of human labor, making large-scale production uneconomical in the United States, even with the use of humans as slave labor. The gin that Whitney manufactured (the Holmes design) reduced the hours down to just a dozen or so per bale. Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he manufactured a prior design from Henry Odgen Holmes, for which Holmes filed a patent in 1796. Improving technology and increasing control of world markets allowed British traders to develop a commercial chain in which raw cotton fibers were (at first) purchased from colonial plantations, processed into cotton cloth in the mills of Lancashire, and then exported on British ships to captive colonial markets in West Africa, India, and China (via Shanghai and Hong Kong).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tonnes or 110 million bales annually, accounting for 2.5% of the world's arable land. China is the world's largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically. The United States has been the largest exporter for many years. In the United States, cotton is usually measured in bales, which measure approximately 0.48 cubic meters (17 cubic feet) and weigh 226.8 kilograms (500 pounds).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Great Wall of China", "paragraph_text": "The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368 -- 1644).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Great Wall of China", "paragraph_text": "The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi). Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "In addition to concerns over subsidies, the cotton industries of some countries are criticized for employing child labor and damaging workers' health by exposure to pesticides used in production. The Environmental Justice Foundation has campaigned against the prevalent use of forced child and adult labor in cotton production in Uzbekistan, the world's third largest cotton exporter. The international production and trade situation has led to \"fair trade\" cotton clothing and footwear, joining a rapidly growing market for organic clothing, fair fashion or \"ethical fashion\". The fair trade system was initiated in 2005 with producers from Cameroon, Mali and Senegal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cotton gin", "paragraph_text": "The invention of the cotton gin caused massive growth in the production of cotton in the United States, concentrated mostly in the South. Cotton production expanded from 750,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million bales in 1850. As a result, the region became even more dependent on plantations and slavery, with plantation agriculture becoming the largest sector of its economy. While it took a single slave about ten hours to separate a single pound of fiber from the seeds, a team of two or three slaves using a cotton gin could produce around fifty pounds of cotton in just one day. The number of slaves rose in concert with the increase in cotton production, increasing from around 700,000 in 1790 to around 3.2 million in 1850. By 1860, black slave labor from the American South was providing two - thirds of the world's supply of cotton, and up to 80% of the crucial British market. The cotton gin thus ``transformed cotton as a crop and the American South into the globe's first agricultural powerhouse ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "GM cotton acreage in India grew at a rapid rate, increasing from 50,000 hectares in 2002 to 10.6 million hectares in 2011. The total cotton area in India was 12.1 million hectares in 2011, so GM cotton was grown on 88% of the cotton area. This made India the country with the largest area of GM cotton in the world. A long-term study on the economic impacts of Bt cotton in India, published in the Journal PNAS in 2012, showed that Bt cotton has increased yields, profits, and living standards of smallholder farmers. The U.S. GM cotton crop was 4.0 million hectares in 2011 the second largest area in the world, the Chinese GM cotton crop was third largest by area with 3.9 million hectares and Pakistan had the fourth largest GM cotton crop area of 2.6 million hectares in 2011. The initial introduction of GM cotton proved to be a success in Australia – the yields were equivalent to the non-transgenic varieties and the crop used much less pesticide to produce (85% reduction). The subsequent introduction of a second variety of GM cotton led to increases in GM cotton production until 95% of the Australian cotton crop was GM in 2009 making Australia the country with the fifth largest GM cotton crop in the world. Other GM cotton growing countries in 2011 were Argentina, Myanmar, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, South Africa and Costa Rica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Engineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill. Matthew Boulton and James Watt's improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Calico Acts", "paragraph_text": "The Calico Acts (1700, 1721) banned the import of most cotton textiles into England, followed by the restriction of sale of most cotton textiles. It was a form of economic protectionism, largely in response to India (particularly Bengal), which dominated world cotton textile markets at the time. The Acts were a precursor to the Industrial Revolution, when Britain eventually surpassed India as the world's leading textile manufacturer in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the French market. Mohamed Ali Pasha accepted the proposition and granted himself the monopoly on the sale and export of cotton in Egypt; and later dictated cotton should be grown in preference to other crops. By the time of the American Civil war annual exports had reached $16 million (120,000 bales), which rose to $56 million by 1864, primarily due to the loss of the Confederate supply on the world market. Exports continued to grow even after the reintroduction of US cotton, produced now by a paid workforce, and Egyptian exports reached 1.2 million bales a year by 1903.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export. In 1738, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, England, patented the roller spinning machine, as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thickness using two sets of rollers that traveled at different speeds. Later, the invention of the James Hargreaves' spinning jenny in 1764, Richard Arkwright's spinning frame in 1769 and Samuel Crompton's spinning mule in 1775 enabled British spinners to produce cotton yarn at much higher rates. From the late 18th century on, the British city of Manchester acquired the nickname \"Cottonopolis\" due to the cotton industry's omnipresence within the city, and Manchester's role as the heart of the global cotton trade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Historically, in North America, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the boll weevil. Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States. This program, along with the introduction of genetically engineered Bt cotton (which contains a bacterial gene that codes for a plant-produced protein that is toxic to a number of pests such as cotton bollworm and pink bollworm), has allowed a reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cotton production in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Texas produces more cotton than any other state in the United States. With eight production regions around Texas, and only four geographic regions, it is the state's leading cash crop. Texas produces approximately 25% of the country's cotton crop on more than 6 million acres, the equivalent of over 9,000 square miles (23,000 km) of cotton fields. Texas Cotton Producers includes nine certified cotton grower organizations; it addresses national and statewide cotton grower issues, such as the national farm bill and environmental legislation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Great Wall of China", "paragraph_text": "The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368 -- 1644).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 58624, "question": "who produces the most cotton in the world", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 91941, "question": "where does the great wall of #1 end", "answer": "Lop Lake in the west", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Fort Harrison State Park", "paragraph_text": "Fort Harrison, sometimes called Fort Ben, is an Indiana state park located in Lawrence, Indiana, United States, and occupies part of the former site of Fort Benjamin Harrison. The park features a former Citizen's Military Training Camp, Civilian Conservation Corps camp, and World War II prisoner of war camp. There are also picnicking and walking/jogging trails.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Majura Training Area", "paragraph_text": "The Majura Training Area (MTA) is a facility belonging to the Australian Department of Defence located to the east of Mount Majura in the Majura district in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The MTA is used primarily by the Australian Army for the conduct of field exercises and weapon qualification shoots. The MTA is located near to the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy and is frequently used by these training establishments. Accommodation and support on the range is through 'Camp Blake', which consists of headquarters buildings, Q-Store, Mess, Staff accommodation and amenities and trainee accommodation and amenities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Douglas M. Stone", "paragraph_text": "Douglas M. Stone is a Major General, United States Marine Forces Reserve, Retired. He relinquished in 2008 the position of Deputy Commanding General, Detainee Operations, Multi-National Force-Iraq and Commander, Task Force 134, commanding all detention operations at Camp Cropper, Camp Bucca and Camp Ashraf. He was nominated for Lieutenant General and was to be head of Marine Forces Reserve and Marine Forces North.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jacksonville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port. Its riverine location facilitates two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida's third largest seaport. The two US Navy bases, Blount Island Command and the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay form the third largest military presence in the United States. Significant factors in the local economy include services such as banking, insurance, healthcare and logistics. As with much of Florida, tourism is also important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf. People from Jacksonville may be called \"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\" (also spelled \"Jaxons\").", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Karameh", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Karameh () was a 15-hour military engagement between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and combined forces of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) in the Jordanian town of Karameh on 21 March 1968, during the War of Attrition. It was planned by Israel as one of two concurrent raids on PLO camps, one in Karameh and one in the distant village of Safi—codenamed Operation Inferno () and Operation Asuta (מבצע אסותא), respectively—but the former turned into a full-scale battle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. The Tatmadaw comprises the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service. The military is very influential in Myanmar, with all top cabinet and ministry posts usually held by military officials. Official figures for military spending are not available. Estimates vary widely because of uncertain exchange rates, but Myanmar's military forces' expenses are high. Myanmar imports most of its weapons from Russia, Ukraine, China and India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Federal Prison Camp, Nellis", "paragraph_text": "Nellis Prison Camp was a United States federal minimum-security prison, also known as a Federal Prison Camp (FPC), located on Nellis Air Force Base in the state of Nevada. The camp was operational between 1989 and 2006. Notable former inmates include Peter Bacanovic who was convicted along with Martha Stewart of various crimes in the ImClone scandal, and Larry Jay Levine founder of Wall Street Prison Consultants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "National Defence University of Malaysia", "paragraph_text": "The National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM; ) is a military university located in Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The university is Malaysia's first catering to the needs and development of the Malaysian Armed Forces. There are around 2,700 undergraduate students, with over 890 of them Officer Cadets that undergo four to five years of training.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Located in Jacksonville, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, combined with nearby bases Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Cherry Point, MCAS New River, Camp Geiger, Camp Johnson, Stone Bay and Courthouse Bay, makes up the largest concentration of Marines and sailors in the world. MCAS Cherry Point is home of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing. Located in Goldsboro, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base is home of the 4th Fighter Wing and 916th Air Refueling Wing. One of the busiest air stations in the United States Coast Guard is located at the Coast Guard Air Station in Elizabeth City. Also stationed in North Carolina is the Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point in Southport.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation. The highest-ranking military officer in the Department of the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, who exercises supervision over Air Force units, and serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Air Force combat and mobility forces are assigned, as directed by the Secretary of Defense, to the Combatant Commanders, and neither the Secretary of the Air Force nor the Chief of Staff have operational command authority over them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "United States Air Force Basic Military Training", "paragraph_text": "United States Air Force Basic Military Training (also known as BMT or boot camp) is an eight - week program of physical and mental training required in order for an individual to become an enlisted Airman in the United States Air Force. It is located at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nong Samet Refugee Camp", "paragraph_text": "Nong Samet Refugee Camp (, also known as 007, Rithisen or Rithysen), located in Nong Samet Village, Khok Sung District, Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand, was one of the largest refugee camps on the Thai-Cambodian border and served as a power base for the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) until its destruction by the Vietnamese military in late 1984.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Korean People's Army", "paragraph_text": "Korean People's Army 조선인민군 Flag of the Korean People's Army Ground Force is used to represent the entire Korean People's Army. Founded April 25, 1932 Current form February 8, 1948 Service branches Korean People's Army Ground Force Korean People's Army Air Force Korean People's Army Naval Force Strategic Force Special Operation Force Headquarters Pyongyang, North Korea Leadership Supreme Commander Marshal Kim Jong - un Minister of the Armed Forces General No Kwang - chol Chief of the General Staff Vice Marshal Ri Yong - gil Manpower Military age 17 Conscription 18 Available for military service 12,933,972, age 15 - 29 Fit for military service 4,836,567 males, age 15 - 29, 5,230,137 females, age 15 - 29 Reaching military age annually 207,737 males, 204,553 females Active personnel 945,000 (2018) Reserve personnel 5,500,000 (2018) Expenditures Budget $10 Billion (2018) Percent of GDP 25% Related articles Ranks Comparative military ranks of Korea", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Guantanamo Bay detention camp", "paragraph_text": "The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo or GTMO (/ ˈɡɪtmoʊ /), which is on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. Since the inmates have been detained indefinitely without trial and several detainees have alleged torture, the operations of this camp are considered to be a major breach of human rights by Amnesty International.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rhyndarra", "paragraph_text": "Rhyndarra is a heritage-listed residence located at 23 Riverview Place, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was built from 1888 to 1938. It is also known as No. 2 Women's Hospital, Australian Military Forces 1st Military Hospital, National Service Training Hospital, No. 1 Camp Hospital, and Yeronga Girls' Industrial School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "André Lejeune", "paragraph_text": "André Lejeune (4 July 1935 – 9 September 2009) was a French politician and a member of both the National Assembly and then Senate of France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "United States military seniority", "paragraph_text": "A type of ``positional seniority ''exists for military officers who hold top leadership positions of the armed forces. For instance, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered the senior most officer of the entire United States military, even though it is possible that contemporaries of the same rank may have earlier dates of rank or time in service. Likewise, heads of various armed service branches are considered senior most within their service; unified commanders are also considered senior most in their respective regions yet not necessarily to each other.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Kathleen L. Martin", "paragraph_text": "Kathleen L. Martin was commissioned an Ensign in May 1973 after graduating from Boston University. Following Officer Indoctrination School in Newport, R.I., she served at Naval Hospital, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, as a staff nurse and later as a charge nurse in pediatrics. In 1976, she reported to Navy Recruiting District, Philadelphia, as the Medical Programs Officer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Juan Hernández Saravia", "paragraph_text": "Juan Hernández Saravia (24 July 1880 – 3 May 1962) was a high-ranking Spanish military officer of the Republican government forces during the Spanish Civil War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kevin P. Chilton", "paragraph_text": "Kevin Patrick \"Chilli\" Chilton (born November 3, 1954) is an American mechanical engineer, and former United States Air Force four-star General and test pilot. His last assignment was as Commander, U.S. Strategic Command from October 3, 2007 to January 28, 2011. Prior to his appointment to general officer ranks, Chilton spent 11 years of his military career as a NASA astronaut. He retired from the Air Force on February 1, 2011, after having achieved the highest rank of any military astronaut. On January 30, 2012, General Chilton was named to the board of directors of Orbital Sciences Corporation.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 24685, "question": "Where is Camp Lejeune located?", "answer": "Jacksonville", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 41391, "question": "What is the ranking of the military forces in #1 ?", "answer": "third largest", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor has a typically Midwestern humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), which is influenced by the Great Lakes. There are four distinct seasons: winters are cold with moderate to heavy snowfall, while summers are very warm and humid, and spring and autumn are short but mild. The area experiences lake effect weather, primarily in the form of increased cloudiness during late fall and early winter. The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 °F (22.6 °C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 °F (−4.2 °C). Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 10 days, and drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.6 nights. Precipitation tends to be the heaviest during the summer months, but most frequent during winter. Snowfall, which normally occurs from November to April but occasionally starts in October, averages 58 inches (147 cm) per season. The lowest recorded temperature was −23 °F (−31 °C) on 11 February 1885 and the highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on 24 July 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Assemblage 23", "paragraph_text": "Assemblage 23 is an electronic act from the United States, currently based in Seattle. It was founded in 1988 by Tom Shear who writes the music and lyrics and does the recording himself. Live performances are supported by Paul Seegers on keyboards and Mike Jenney on drums.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Precipitation is rather uniformly distributed throughout the year. However, dry periods lasting several weeks do occur, especially in autumn when long periods of pleasant, mild weather are most common. There is considerable variability in total monthly amounts from year to year so that no one month can be depended upon to be normal. Snow has been recorded during seven of the twelve months. Falls of 3 inches (7.6 cm) or more within 24 hours occur an average once per year. Annual snowfall, however, is usually light, averaging 10.5 inches (27 cm) per season. Snow typically remains on the ground only one or two days at a time, but remained for 16 days in 2010 (January 30 to February 14). Ice storms (freezing rain or glaze) are not uncommon, but they are seldom severe enough to do any considerable damage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Adult contemporary music", "paragraph_text": "Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\", \"rhythmic AC\", and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "In the east, while snowfall does not approach western levels, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Washington having an average of 137 inches (348 cm). Hawaii receives even more, with 460 inches (1,168 cm) measured annually on Mount Waialeale, in Kauai. The Mojave Desert, in the southwest, is home to the driest locale in the U.S. Yuma, Arizona, has an average of 2.63 inches (6.7 cm) of precipitation each year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh receives an average of 6.0 inches (15.2 cm) of snow in winter. Freezing rain and sleet also occur most winters, and occasionally the area experiences a major damaging ice storm. On January 24–25, 2000, Raleigh received its greatest snowfall from a single storm – 20.3 inches (52 cm) – the Winter Storm of January 2000. Storms of this magnitude are generally the result of cold air damming that affects the city due to its proximity to the Appalachian Mountains. Winter storms have caused traffic problems in the past as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nerve Filter", "paragraph_text": "Nerve Filter is an electronic music act from Seattle, WA (US); its sole member is Tom Shear. Nerve Filter started in 1995, and is considered a side project of Shear's Assemblage 23 although its first label appearance predated A23's.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Manchester City F.C. supporters", "paragraph_text": "Manchester City has a large fanbase in relation to its comparative lack of success in recent years on the pitch. Since moving to the City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester City's average attendances have been in the top six in England, usually in excess of 40,000. Even in the late 1990s, when the club were relegated twice in three seasons and playing in the third tier of English football (then Division Two, now Football League One), home attendances were in the region of 30,000, compared to an average for the division of fewer than 8,000. Research carried out by Manchester City in 2005 estimates a fanbase of 886,000 in the United Kingdom and a total in excess of 4 million worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Estadio Roberto Natalio Carminatti", "paragraph_text": "The Estadio Roberto Natalio Carminatti is a multi-use stadium in Bahía Blanca, Argentina. It is currently the biggest stadium of the city, and is used mostly for football matches. It is the home of Olimpo. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000. In the 2016-17 season, Olimpo, Defensa y Justicia and Vélez Sarsfield drew an average home league attendance of 10,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "At bats per home run", "paragraph_text": "Babe Ruth was the first batter to average fewer than nine at - bats per home run over a season, hitting his 54 home runs of the 1920 season in 457 at - bats; an average of 8.463. Seventy - eight years later, Mark McGwire became the first batter to average fewer than eight AB / HR, hitting his 70 home runs of the 1998 season in 509 at - bats (an average of 7.2714). In 2001, Barry Bonds became the first batter to average fewer than seven AB / HR, setting the Major League record by hitting his 73 home runs of the 2001 season in 476 at - bats for an average of 6.5205.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "On average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was broken by the Mt. Baker Ski Area in northwestern Washington which reported 1,140 inches (2,896 cm) of snowfall for the 1998-99 snowfall season. Other places with significant snowfall outside the Cascade Range are the Wasatch Mountains, near the Great Salt Lake, the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, and the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Russkaya Station", "paragraph_text": "For the shore of Antarctica, the winds are considered to be rather strong. The average number of days per year with wind speeds of over in the area around the station is 264, and on 136 of those the wind speed is over . The average temperature in the coldest months of July–August is ; in the warmest months of December–January it is . The lowest temperature ever recorded at the station was in 1985, and the warmest was in 1983. The average overall temperature over the course of a year is , and the average amount of snowfall is around .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Lake Ontario", "paragraph_text": "When the cold winds of winter pass over the warmer water of the lake, they pick up moisture and drop it as lake - effect snow. Since the prevailing winter winds are from the northwest, the southern and southeastern shoreline of the lake is referred to as the snowbelt. In some winters the area between Oswego and Pulaski may receive twenty or more feet (600 cm) of snowfall. Also impacted by lake - effect snow is the Tug Hill Plateau, an area of elevated land that is about 20 miles (32 km) east of Lake Ontario, creating ideal conditions for lake - effect snowfall. The ``Hill '', as it is often referred to, typically receives more snow than any other region in the eastern United States. As a result, Tug Hill is a popular location for winter enthusiasts, such as snow - mobilers and cross-country skiers. Lake - effect snow often extends inland as far as Syracuse, with that city often recording the most winter snowfall accumulation of any large city in the United States. Other cities in the world receive more snow annually, such as Quebec City, which averages 135 inches (340 cm), and Sapporo, Japan, which receives 250 inches (640 cm) each year and is often regarded as the snowiest city in the world. Foggy conditions (particularly in fall) can be created by thermal contrasts and can be an impediment for recreational boaters. In a normal winter, Lake Ontario will be at most one quarter ice - covered, in a mild winter almost completely unfrozen. Lake Ontario has completely frozen over on five recorded occasions: from about January 20 to about March 20, 1830; in 1874; in 1893; in 1912; and in February 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Galicia (Spain)", "paragraph_text": "As an example, Santiago de Compostela, the political capital city, has an average of 129 rainy days and 1,362 millimetres (53.6 in) per year (with just 17 rainy days in the three summer months) and 2,101 sunlight hours per year, with just 6 days with frosts per year. But the colder city of Lugo, to the east, has an average of 1,759 sunlight hours per year, 117 days with precipitations (> 1 mm) totalling 901.54 millimetres (35.5 in), and 40 days with frosts per year. The more mountainous parts of the provinces of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months. The sunniest city is Pontevedra with 2,223 sunny hours per year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea-Tac Airport, is 6.8 inches (17.3 cm). Single calendar-day snowfall of six inches or greater has occurred on only 15 days since 1948, and only once since February 17, 1990, when 6.8 in (17.3 cm) of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012. This moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985. Much of the city of Seattle proper received somewhat lesser snowfall accumulations. Locations to the south of Seattle received more, with Olympia and Chehalis receiving 14 to 18 in (36 to 46 cm). Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below 32 °F (0 °C), causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow. The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to 6 feet (1.8 m) in places at the end of the snow event. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in (74 cm) of snow on the ground by the time the event was over. With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is 20.0 in (51 cm) on January 13, 1950. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from zero in 1991–92 to 67.5 in (171 cm) in 1968–69, with trace amounts having occurred as recently as 2009–10. The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing 57.2 in (145 cm) of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Snow in Florida", "paragraph_text": "December 23 / 24, 1989: Light rain in Jacksonville turns to freezing rain as temperatures drop, and later changes to snow. The snow totals several inches in some locations, and results in the first White Christmas in the city's history. Picture of the December 23, 1989, Jacksonville snowfall Light snow falls across central Florida as far south as southern Pinellas County on the 23rd, though the official weather station in St. Petersburg experiences only a light sleet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Palermo", "paragraph_text": "Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Precipitation is moderate and somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although the warmer months such as May and June average more, averaging 33.5 inches (850 mm) annually, but historically ranging from 20.49 in (520 mm) in 1963 to 47.70 in (1,212 mm) in 2011. Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amounts between November 15 through April 4 (occasionally in October and very rarely in May), averages 42.5 inches (108 cm) per season, although historically ranging from 11.5 in (29 cm) in 1881−82 to 94.9 in (241 cm) in 2013−14. A thick snowpack is not often seen, with an average of only 27.5 days with 3 in (7.6 cm) or more of snow cover. Thunderstorms are frequent in the Detroit area. These usually occur during spring and summer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Winters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132355, "question": "What is the home city of Assemblage 23?", "answer": "Seattle", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 16030, "question": "What is the usual average snowfall in #1 ?", "answer": "6.8 inches", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Waitress (It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia)", "paragraph_text": "The Waitress is a fictional character on the FX, now FXX series, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, and is portrayed by Mary Elizabeth Ellis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Glenn Howerton", "paragraph_text": "Glenn Franklin Howerton III (born April 13, 1976) is an American actor, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for his role as Dennis Reynolds in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, for which he is also a writer and executive producer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American dark comedy television series that first premiered on FX on August 4, 2005 and has since moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season. It was created by Rob McElhenney who developed it with Glenn Howerton. It is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney, Howerton, and Charlie Day, all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito. The series follows the exploits of ``The Gang '', a group of debauched, self - centered friends who run the Irish bar Paddy's Pub in South Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Catherine Bernard", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Bernard (1662 – 16 September 1712) was a French poet, playwright, and novelist. She composed three historical novels, two verse tragedies, several poems, and was awarded several poetry prizes by the \"Académie française\". Bernard established the fundamental aesthetic principle of the French literary \"conte de fées\" popular in the \"salons\" of the late seventeenth century with the dictum: \"the [adventures] should always be implausible and the emotions always natural\". Her works are appreciated today for their psychological nuance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 13)", "paragraph_text": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 13) Promotional poster Country of origin United States No. of episodes 10 Release Original network FXX Original release September 5, 2018 (2018 - 09 - 05) -- present Season chronology ← Previous Season 12 List of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Crown (British coin)", "paragraph_text": "Always a heavy silver coin weighing around one ounce, during the 19th and 20th centuries the crown declined from being a real means of exchange to being a coin rarely spent and minted for commemorative purposes only. In that format it has continued to be minted, even following decimalisation of the British currency in 1971. However, as the result of inflation the value of the coin was revised upwards in 1990 to five pounds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Australian one-cent coin", "paragraph_text": "The first issue (1966) was produced by three mints: 146.5 million were minted at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra, with 239 million at the Melbourne Mint and 26.6 million at the Perth Mint. With the exception of 1966 and 1981, all other one - cent coins have been produced at the Canberra mint. In 1981, 40.3 million were struck at the British Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales, as well as 183.6 million in Canberra. The only year when it was not minted during its years in general circulation was 1986. It was last minted in 1990.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gold medal", "paragraph_text": "Olympic Gold medals are required to be made from at least 92.5% silver, and must contain a minimum of 6 grams of gold. All Olympic medals must be at least 60mm in diameter and 3mm thick. Minting the medals is the responsibility of the Olympic host. From 1928 through 1968 the design was always the same: the obverse showed a generic design by Florentine artist Giuseppe Cassioli of Greek goddess Nike with Rome's Colloseum in the background and text naming the host city; the reverse showed another generic design of Nike saluting an Olympic champion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having \"four seasons in one day\", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "The series was renewed for a twelfth season that premiered on January 4, 2017. On April 1, 2017, the series was renewed for a thirteenth and fourteenth season, which will tie it with The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet as the longest running (number of seasons) live - action sitcom in American TV history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "David Hornsby", "paragraph_text": "David Hornsby (born December 1, 1975) is an American actor, screenwriter and producer. He is known for a recurring role as defrocked priest Matthew ``Rickety Cricket ''Mara on the comedy series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, for which he also writes and co-produces.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 13)", "paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FXX on September 5, 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Royal Mint", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Mint is a government - owned mint that produces coins for the United Kingdom. Operating under the name Royal Mint Ltd, the mint is a limited company that is wholly owned by Her Majesty's Treasury and is under an exclusive contract to supply all the nation's coinage. As well as minting circulating coins for use domestically and internationally, the mint also produces planchets, commemorative coins, various types of medals and precious metal bullion. The mint exports to an average of 60 countries a year, making up 70% of its total sales. Formed over 1,100 years ago, the mint was historically part of a series of mints that became centralised to produce coins for the Kingdom of England, all of Great Britain and eventually most of the British Empire. The original London mint from which the Royal Mint is the successor, was established in 886 AD and operated within the Tower of London for approximately 800 years before moving to what is now called Royal Mint Court where it remained until the 1960s. As Britain followed the rest of the world in decimalising its currency, the Mint moved from London to a new 38 acres (15 ha) plant in Llantrisant, Wales where it has remained since.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Religion in Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "The official form of Islam is Sunni of the Hanbali school, in its Salafi version. According to official statistics, 75–85% of Saudi Arabian citizens are Sunni Muslims, 10–15% are Shia. (More than 30% of the population is made up of foreign workers who are predominantly but not entirely Muslim.) It is unknown how many Ahmadis there are in the country. The two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are in Saudi Arabia. For many reasons, non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the holy cities although some Western non-Muslims have been able to enter, disguised as Muslims.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming dynasty, Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and the world. It led in textiles, minting, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in East Asia. Textiles boomed particularly in Qing dynasty, the industry created around 200 thousand jobs and there were about 50 thousand satin machines in the city in 18th and 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "IEEE Centennial Medal", "paragraph_text": "The IEEE Centennial Medal was a medal minted and awarded in 1984 \"to persons deserving of special recognition for extraordinary achievement\" to celebrate the Centennial of the founding of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1884. The medal was designed by sculptor Gladys Gunzer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "paragraph_text": "The development of the appreciation medals was initiated by the White House and executed by the Bureau of the Mint through the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia. The medals were struck from September 1958 through October 1960. A total of twenty designs are cataloged with a total mintage of 9,858. Each of the designs incorporates the text \"with appreciation\" or \"with personal and official gratitude\" accompanied with Eisenhower's initials \"D.D.E.\" or facsimile signature. The design also incorporates location, date, and/or significant event. Prior to the end of his second term as President, 1,451 medals were turned-in to the Bureau of the Mint and destroyed. The Eisenhower appreciation medals are part of the Presidential Medal of Appreciation Award Medal Series.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Victoria & Abdul", "paragraph_text": "Abdul Karim, a young prison clerk from Agra, India, is instructed to travel to England for Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee in 1887 to present her with a mohur, a gold coin which has been minted as a token of appreciation from British - ruled India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of Oreo varieties", "paragraph_text": "Fudge Covered Oreo, White Fudge Oreo, Mint Fudge Oreo, and Milk Chocolate Oreo are covered in either a layer of fudge, white fudge, mint fudge, or milk chocolate respectively. The Mint Fudge variety is nearly identical to Mystic Mints, produced by Nabisco from the 1970s through the 1990s. In the US, the white fudge variety is marketed as seasonal and is only broadly available the Thanksgiving - Christmas holiday period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 12)", "paragraph_text": "The twelfth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FXX on January 4, 2017. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on March 8, 2017.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 38356, "question": "In what city were the appreciation medals minted?", "answer": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 52243, "question": "how many seasons are in it's always sunny in #1", "answer": "fourteenth season", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dog fighting", "paragraph_text": "Despite periodic dog - fight prosecutions, illegal canine pit battles continued after the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835 of England and Wales. Sporting journals of the 18th and 19th centuries depict the Black Country and London as the primary English dog fight centers of the period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "French and Indian War", "paragraph_text": "In Europe, the North American theater of the Seven Years' War usually is not given a separate name. The entire international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War. \"Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America, where the fighting between the two colonial powers was largely concluded in six years, from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Soviet Union–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Emperatriz (Mexican TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Shortly after the grand final episode ended, \"Emperatriz\" quickly became a trending topic (Mexico) in Twitter. In 30 minutes time, it reached the fourth spot, from the eighth.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Liberia", "paragraph_text": "The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another. The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa's bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and displacing a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The Battle for Mexico City was the series of engagements from September 8 to September 15, 1847, in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the Mexican–American War. Included are major actions at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, culminating with the fall of Mexico City. The U.S. Army under Winfield Scott scored a major success that ended the war. The American invasion into the Federal District was first resisted during the Battle of Churubusco on August 8 where the Saint Patrick's Battalion, which was composed primarily of Catholic Irish and German immigrants, but also Canadians, English, French, Italians, Poles, Scots, Spaniards, Swiss, and Mexican people, fought for the Mexican cause repelling the American attacks. After defeating the Saint Patrick's Battalion, the Mexican–American War came to a close after the United States deployed combat units deep into Mexico resulting in the capture of Mexico City and Veracruz by the U.S. Army's 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Divisions. The invasion culminated with the storming of Chapultepec Castle in the city itself.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John Knox (British Army officer)", "paragraph_text": "John Knox (died 8 February 1778) was an officer in the British Army who took part in the Austrian War of Succession and the Seven Years' War. He served in North America between 1757 and 1760 and is notable for providing historians with the most complete account of these campaigns. Knox narrowly avoided being killed in 1759 when a French soldier's musket twice misfired, and he went on to fight in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, where he performed in one of the most devastating volleys in military history. Knox also took part in the Battle of Sainte Foy and was present when Montreal surrendered on the 8 September 1760.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Donat Makijonek", "paragraph_text": "\"Poruchik\" Donat Aduiovich Makijonek (19 May 1890 – 18 June 1941) was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories. He was the only ace of Polish ethnic heritage to fight against the Central Powers. In later life, he would help found Polish military aviation immediately after World War I, and fight in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Paraguay", "paragraph_text": "Paraguay (; ; , ), officially the Republic of Paraguay (; ), is a country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Although it is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia), the country has coasts, beaches and ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean through the . Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as \"Corazón de Sudamérica\" (\"Heart of South America\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "South Sudanese Civil War", "paragraph_text": "The South Sudanese Civil War is an ongoing conflict in South Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. In December 2013, President Kiir accused his former deputy Riek Machar and ten others of attempting a coup d'état. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the SPLM -- in opposition (SPLM - IO). Fighting broke out between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and SPLM - IO, igniting the civil war. Ugandan troops were deployed to fight alongside the South Sudanese government. The United Nations has peacekeepers in the country as part of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). In January 2014 the first ceasefire agreement was reached. Fighting continued and would be followed by several more ceasefire agreements. Negotiations were mediated by ``IGAD + ''(which includes the eight regional nations called the Intergovernmental Authority on Development as well as the African Union, United Nations, China, the EU, USA, UK and Norway). A peace agreement known as the`` Compromise Peace Agreement'' was signed in August 2015. Machar returned to Juba in 2016 and was appointed vice president. Following a second breakout of fighting within Juba, the SPLM - IO fled to the surrounding and previously peaceful Equatoria region. Machar was replaced by Kiir as First Vice President by Taban Deng Gai, splitting the opposition, and rebel in - fighting has become of major part of the fighting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Decolonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil. Cuban independence was fought against Spain in two wars (Ten Years and Little War). Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule until the Spanish -- American War in 1898.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang", "paragraph_text": "Ewan McGregor as Rory Green, Isabel's husband, Phil's brother and the father of the Greens, away fighting in World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783) -- before the United States of America was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Federal Republic of Central America", "paragraph_text": "Shortly after Central America declared independence from the Spanish Empire, some of its countries were annexed by the First Mexican Empire in 1822 and then Central America formed the Federal Republic in 1823. From 1838 to 1840 the federation descended into civil war, with conservatives fighting against liberals and separatists fighting to secede. The various political factions were unable to overcome their ideological differences and the federation dissolved after a series of bloody conflicts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some world states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for the next era of war. The convulsion brought on by the worldwide depression resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "South Sudanese Civil War", "paragraph_text": "The South Sudanese Civil War is a conflict in South Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. In December 2013, President Kiir accused his former deputy Riek Machar and ten others of attempting a coup d'état. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the SPLM -- in opposition (SPLM - IO). Fighting broke out between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and SPLM - IO, igniting the civil war. Ugandan troops were deployed to fight alongside the South Sudanese government. The United Nations has peacekeepers in the country as part of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). In January 2014 the first ceasefire agreement was reached. Fighting continued and would be followed by several more ceasefire agreements. Negotiations were mediated by ``IGAD + ''(which includes the eight regional nations called the Intergovernmental Authority on Development as well as the African Union, United Nations, China, the EU, USA, UK and Norway). A peace agreement known as the`` Compromise Peace Agreement'' was signed in August 2015. Machar returned to Juba in 2016 and was appointed vice president. Following a second breakout of fighting within Juba, the SPLM - IO fled to the surrounding and previously peaceful Equatoria region. Machar was replaced by Kiir as First Vice President by Taban Deng Gai, splitting the opposition, and rebel in - fighting has become of major part of the fighting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Confederate States of America", "paragraph_text": "The government of the United States (the Union) rejected the claims of secession and considered the Confederacy illegally founded. The War began with the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. No foreign government officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country, although Great Britain and France granted it belligerent status, which allowed Confederate agents to contract with private concerns for arms and other supplies. In early 1865, after four years of heavy fighting which led to 620,000–850,000 military deaths, all the Confederate forces surrendered and the Confederacy vanished. The war lacked a formal end; nearly all Confederate forces had been forced into surrender or deliberately disbanded by the end of 1865, by which point the dwindling manpower and resources of the Confederacy were facing overwhelming odds. By 1865 Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the civil war, lamented that the Confederacy had \"disappeared\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cuba", "paragraph_text": "Cuba has conducted a foreign policy that is uncharacteristic of such a minor, developing country. Under Castro, Cuba was heavily involved in wars in Africa, Central America and Asia. Cuba supported Algeria in 1961–1965, and sent tens of thousands of troops to Angola during the Angolan Civil War. Other countries that featured Cuban involvement include Ethiopia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and Yemen. Lesser known actions include the 1959 missions to the Dominican Republic. The expedition failed, but a prominent monument to its members was erected in their memory in Santo Domingo by the Dominican government, and they feature prominently at the country's Memorial Museum of the Resistance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Battle of Paju", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Paju () was fought in Paju, near Valga, Estonia, on 31 January 1919 during the Estonian War of Independence. After heavy fighting, the Tartu-Valga group of the Estonian Army pushed the Red Latvian Riflemen out of the Paju Manor. It was the fiercest battle in the early period of war. Estonian commander Julius Kuperjanov fell in the fighting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971", "paragraph_text": "The Indian Army Chief in 1971 Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw had the highest respect for the fighting capability of the Pakistan Army but he did not accept the theory that they did not fight the Bangladesh war with enough vigor and zeal. In a BBC interview, he said:", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107223, "question": "Which was the country for Emperatriz?", "answer": "Mexico", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 19132, "question": "What war did America and #1 fight in?", "answer": "Mexican–American War", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "SA80", "paragraph_text": "After receiving feedback from users and incorporating the various design changes requested, including adapting the rifle for use with the heavier Belgian SS109 version of the 5.56×45mm round and improving reliability, the weapon system was accepted into service with the British Armed Forces in 1985 as the SA80. The SA80 family originally consisted of the L85A1 Rifle, the L86A1 Light Support Weapon (LSW), and L98A1 Cadet GP Rifle. The first weapons were issued in October 1985.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "BeiDou", "paragraph_text": "The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned GNSS systems are deployed, the users will benefit from the use of a total constellation of 75+ satellites, which will significantly improve all the aspects of positioning, especially availability of the signals in so-called urban canyons. The general designer of the COMPASS navigation system is Sun Jiadong, who is also the general designer of its predecessor, the original BeiDou navigation system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Google Maps", "paragraph_text": "Google Traffic is available by selecting ``Traffic ''from a drop - down menu on Google Maps. A colored overlay appears on top of major roads and motorways, with green representing a normal speed of traffic, yellow representing slower traffic conditions, red indicating congestion, and dark red (previously red and black) indicates nearly stopped or stop and go traffic. Grey indicates there is no data available.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Phantom (UAV)", "paragraph_text": "The Phantom 3, released in April 2015, adds built - in lightbridge downlink, that gives the controller a maximum range of 4800 meters (3 miles), and the visual positioning system, that allows the Phantom 3 to better maintain its position at lower altitudes and even indoors where GPS is weak or unavailable. The remote for Professional and Advanced models also has 2 antennas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER", "paragraph_text": "The AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER (Standoff Land Attack Missile-Expanded Response) is an advanced stand off precision-guided, air-launched cruise missile produced by Boeing Defense, Space & Security for the United States Armed Forces and their allies. Developed from the AGM-84E SLAM (Standoff Land Attack Missile) (itself developed by Boeing Integrated Defense Systems from the McDonnell Douglas Harpoon antiship missile), the SLAM-ER is capable of attacking land and sea targets medium to long range (155 nautical miles/270 km maximum). The SLAM-ER relies on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and infrared imaging for its navigation and control, and it can strike both moving and stationary targets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "USA-175", "paragraph_text": "USA-175, also known as GPS IIR-10 and GPS SVN-47, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the tenth Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "USA-166", "paragraph_text": "USA-166, also known as GPS IIR-8 and GPS SVN-56, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the eighth Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "OPS 5118", "paragraph_text": "OPS 5118, also known as Navstar 6, GPS I-6 and GPS SVN-6, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1980 as part of the Global Positioning System development programme. It was the sixth of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pharmaceutical industry", "paragraph_text": "By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock, and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance. In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt. Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, and licensed the technology to Parke Davis. Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin. Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist). By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "OPS 5112", "paragraph_text": "OPS 5112, also known as Navstar 2, NDS-2, GPS I-2 and GPS SVN-2, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1978 as part of the Global Positioning System development programme. It was the second of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Geodetic datum", "paragraph_text": "The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) to determine the location of a point near the surface of the Earth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lockheed Martin A2100", "paragraph_text": "The A2100 is a communications satellite spacecraft model made by Lockheed Martin Space Systems in the 1990s-2010s for telecommunications in geosynchronous orbit, as well as GOES-R weather satellites and GPS Block IIIA satellites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Global Positioning System", "paragraph_text": "The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a space - based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force. It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kenney Nunatak", "paragraph_text": "Kenney Nunatak () is a conspicuous nunatak rising in Waddington Glacier, south-southwest of Ugolini Peak, in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1994 after Frank J. Kenney, a United States Geological Survey (USGS) cartographer who was a member of a USGS field team for the International Global Positioning System (GPS) Campaign at Byrd Station, McMurdo Station, and in the Pine Island Bay area, 1991–92. The team established the first continuous-tracking GPS reference station in Antarctica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tuberculosis", "paragraph_text": "The World Health Organization declared TB a \"global health emergency\" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aims to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015. A number of targets they have set are not likely to be achieved by 2015, mostly due to the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis. A tuberculosis classification system developed by the American Thoracic Society is used primarily in public health programs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "USA-126", "paragraph_text": "USA-126, also known as GPS IIA-17, GPS II-26 and GPS SVN-40, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the seventeenth of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Delamanid", "paragraph_text": "The medication was not readily available globally as of 2015. It was believed that pricing will be similar to bedaquiline, which for six months is approximately US$900 in low income countries, US$3,000 in middle income countries, and US$30,000 in high income countries. As of 2016 the Stop TB Partnership had an agreement to get the medication for US$1,700 per six month.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "USA-192", "paragraph_text": "USA-192, also known as GPS IIR-16(M), GPS IIRM-3 and GPS SVN-58, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the third of eight Block IIRM satellites to be launched, and the sixteenth of twenty one Block IIR satellites overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "UGM-133 Trident II", "paragraph_text": "UGM - 133A Trident II A Trident II launch from a submerged Royal Navy submarine. Type SLBM Place of origin United States Service history In service March 1990 Used by United States Navy Royal Navy Production history Manufacturer Lockheed Martin Space Systems Unit cost $37,320,070 (2014) Produced Specifications Weight 130,000 lb (59,000 kg) Length 44 ft 6.6 in (13.579 m) Diameter 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) (1st stage) Warhead 8 -- 12 thermonuclear MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable re-entry Vehicle), W88 or W76 thermonuclear weapons Engine Three solid - fuel rocket motors; first & second stage -- Thiokol / Hercules solid - fueled rocket; third stage -- United Technologies Corp. solid - fueled rocket Propellant Nitrate ester, Plasticized Polyethylene Glycol Operational range More than 7,500 mi (12,000 km) (exact is classified) Speed Approximately 18,030 mph (29,020 km / h) (Mach 24; 8,060 m / s) (terminal phase) Guidance system MK 6 astro - inertial guidance which is able to receive GPS (Global Positioning System) updates Steering system Single movable nozzle actuated by a gas generator Accuracy 90 m with Mk5 RV Launch platform Ballistic missile submarine", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 65323, "question": "where did the global positioning system (gps) originate", "answer": "the United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 16350, "question": "When did epinephrine stop being available in #1 ?", "answer": "2011", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but he left behind 500 men to maintain control. At the zenith of their power, the imperialist forces controlled all but four states in Mexico; the only states to maintain strong opposition to the French were: Guerrero, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end \"with some kind of stick or knife\" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of women, usually very young. Another source—Libyan psychologist Seham Sergewa—reported that several of his female bodyguards claim to have been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. After the civil war, Luis Moreno Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime. In 2011 Amnesty International questioned this and other claims used to justify NATO's war in Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news of peace negotiations reached the state, new call to arms began to flare among the people of the state. But as the Mexican officials in Chihuahua heard that General Price was heading back to Mexico with a large force comprising several companies of infantry and three companies of cavalry and one division of light artillery from Santa Fe on February 8, 1848, Ángel Trías sent a message to Sacramento Pass to ask for succession of the area as they understood the war had concluded. General Price, misunderstanding this as a deception by the Mexican forces, continued to advance towards the state capital. On March 16, 1848 Price began negotiations with Ángel Trías, but the Mexican leader responded with an ultimatum to General Price. The American forces engaged with the Mexican forces near Santa Cruz de los Rosales on March 16, 1848. The Battle of Santa Cruz de los Rosales was the last battle of the Mexican–American War and it occurred after the peace treaty was signed. The American forces maintained control over the state capital for three months after the confirmation of the peace treaty. The American presence served to delay the possible succession of the state which had been discussed at the end of 1847, and the state remained under United States occupation until May 22, 1848.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Panama Canal", "paragraph_text": "On January 22, 1903, the Hay -- Herrán Treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán. For $10 million and an annual payment it would have granted the United States a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the canal. The treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate on March 14, 1903, but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it. Bunau - Varilla told President Theodore Roosevelt and Hay of a possible revolt by Panamanian rebels who aimed to separate from Colombia, and hoped that the United States would support the rebels with U.S. troops and money. Roosevelt changed tactics, based in part on the Mallarino -- Bidlack Treaty of 1846, and actively supported the separation of Panama from Colombia and, shortly after recognizing Panama, signed a treaty with the new Panamanian government under similar terms to the Hay -- Herrán Treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1966 Nigerian counter-coup", "paragraph_text": "The Nigerian counter-coup of 1966, or the so - called ``July Rematch '', was the second of many military coups in Nigeria. It was masterminded by Lt. Colonel Murtala Muhammed and many northern military officers. The coup began as a mutiny at roughly midnight on July 28, 1966 and was a reaction to the killings of Northern politicians and Officers by mostly Igbo soldiers on January 15, 1966 (see 1966 Nigerian coup d'état.) The July mutiny / counter coup resulted in the murder of Nigeria's first military Head of State General Johnson Aguiyi - Ironsi and Lt Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi (who was hosting a visiting Aguiyi - Ironsi) in Ibadan by disgruntled northern non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Upon the termination of Ironsi's government, Lt. Colonel Yakubu Gowon was appointed Head of State by the July 1966 coup conspirators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Republic of Florence", "paragraph_text": "The republic had a checkered history of coups and counter-coups against various factions. The Medici faction gained governance of the city in 1434, upon Cosimo de 'Medici's counter-coup against the faction that had sent him into exile the previous year. The Medici kept control of Florence until 1494. Giovanni de' Medici (later Pope Leo X) re-conquered the republic in 1512.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "As a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi. The United States, along with Britain, France and several other nations, committed a coalition force against Gaddafi's forces. On 19 March, the first U.S. action was taken when 114 Tomahawk missiles launched by US and UK warships destroyed shoreline air defenses of the Gaddafi regime. The U.S. continued to play a major role in Operation Unified Protector, the NATO-directed mission that eventually incorporated all of the military coalition's actions in the theater. Throughout the conflict however, the U.S. maintained it was playing a supporting role only and was following the UN mandate to protect civilians, while the real conflict was between Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him. During the conflict, American drones were also deployed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya. In August, the rebels seized Zliten and Tripoli, ending the last vestiges of Gaddafist power. On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be \"the legitimate representative of the Libyan state\", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nuclear arms race", "paragraph_text": "Throughout the 1970s, both the Soviet Union and United States replaced old missiles and warheads with newer, more powerful and effective ones. This continued to worsen Soviet - U.S relations. On June 18, 1979, the SALT II treaty was signed in Vienna. This treaty limited both sides' nuclear arsenals and technology. However, this treaty as well as the era of the détente ended with the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in January, 1980. The United States once again significantly increased military and nuclear spending, while the Soviets were unable to respond and continued to pursue the détente.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons, and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons. The period also saw a growth in domestic Islamist opposition, formulated into groups like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled, and in turn, 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching. In October 1993, elements of the increasingly marginalised army initiated a failed coup in Misrata, while in September 1995, Islamists launched an insurgency in Benghazi, and in July 1996 an anti-Gaddafist football riot broke out in Tripoli. The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Napoleon", "paragraph_text": "During the campaign, Bonaparte became increasingly influential in French politics. He founded two newspapers: one for the troops in his army and another for circulation in France. The royalists attacked Bonaparte for looting Italy and warned that he might become a dictator. All told, Napoleon's forces extracted an estimated $45 million in funds from Italy during their campaign there, another $12 million in precious metals and jewels; atop that, his forces confiscated more than three-hundred priceless paintings and sculptures. Bonaparte sent General Pierre Augereau to Paris to lead a coup d'état and purge the royalists on 4 September—Coup of 18 Fructidor. This left Barras and his Republican allies in control again but dependent on Bonaparte, who proceeded to peace negotiations with Austria. These negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Campo Formio, and Bonaparte returned to Paris in December as a hero. He met Talleyrand, France's new Foreign Minister—who later served in the same capacity for Emperor Napoleon—and they began to prepare for an invasion of Britain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on \"Gaddafi's Pet Project\", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the decade, it remained incomplete at the start of the 21st century. Military spending increased, while other administrative budgets were cut back. Libya had long supported the FROLINAT militia in neighbouring Chad, and in December 1980, re-invaded Chad at the request of the Frolinat-controlled GUNT government to aid in the civil war; in January 1981, Gaddafi suggested a political merger. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) rejected this, and called for a Libyan withdrawal, which came about in November 1981. The civil war resumed, and so Libya sent troops back in, clashing with French forces who supported the southern Chadian forces. Many African nations had tired of Libya's policies of interference in foreign affairs; by 1980, nine African states had cut off diplomatic relations with Libya, while in 1982 the OAU cancelled its scheduled conference in Tripoli in order to prevent Gaddafi gaining chairmanship. Proposing political unity with Morocco, in August 1984, Gaddafi and Moroccan monarch Hassan II signed the Oujda Treaty, forming the Arab-African Union; such a union was considered surprising due to the strong political differences and longstanding enmity that existed between the two governments. Relations remained strained, particularly due to Morocco's friendly relations with the U.S. and Israel; in August 1986, Hassan abolished the union. Domestic threats continued to plague Gaddafi; in May 1984, his Bab al-Azizia home was unsuccessfully attacked by a joint NFSL–Muslim Brotherhood militia, and in the aftermath 5000 dissidents were arrested.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Treaty of London (1946)", "paragraph_text": "The treaty concerned the sovereignty and independence of the Arab state of Transjordan, which would now be known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan with Emir Abdullah I as its king. However, Britain would still maintain military bases within the country and continue to subsidize and support the Arab Legion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Disarmament of Libya", "paragraph_text": "In 1968, Libya became signatory of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), ratified the treaty in 1975, and concluded a safeguards agreement in 1980. Despite its commitment to NPT, there are reports indicating that Muammar Gaddafi of Libya either made unsuccessful attempts to build or entered in an agreement to purchase a nuclear weapon from nuclear - armed nations. In the 1970s -- 80s, Gaddafi made numerous attempts to accelerate and push forward his ambitions for an active nuclear weapons program, using the nuclear black market sources. However, after the end of the Cold War in 1991, Gaddafi sought to resolve its nuclear crises with the United States aiming to uplift the sanctions against Libya, finally agreeing to authorize rolling back Libya's weapons of mass destruction program on December 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instability. Hoping to ingratiate themselves with Gaddafi, in 1970 the U.S. informed him of at least one planned counter-coup. Such attempts to form a working relationship with the RCC failed; Gaddafi was determined to reassert national sovereignty and expunge what he described as foreign colonial and imperialist influences. His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that \"the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory.\" The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a \"simple revolutionary\" and \"pious Muslim\" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been \"always serious, even taciturn\", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as \"the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Panama Canal", "paragraph_text": "Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos -- Carter Treaties provided for handover to Panama. After a period of joint American -- Panamanian control, in 1999, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government and is now managed and operated by the government - owned Panama Canal Authority.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 31713, "question": "Who told Gaddafi about a possible counter-coup in 1970?", "answer": "U.S.", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 11738, "question": "How long did the #1 continue to maintain control over the state capital after the treaty?", "answer": "three months", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chennai Super Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Super Kings have lifted the IPL title thrice (in 2010, 2011 and 2018), and have the best win percentage among all teams in the IPL (61.56). They hold the records of most appearances in the IPL playoffs (nine) and in the final (seven). In addition, they have also won the Champions League Twenty20 in 2010 and 2014. The brand value of the Super Kings in 2015 was estimated at $67 million, making them the third most valuable franchise in the IPL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "2018 FIFA World Cup Final The France team holds the World Cup trophy Event 2018 FIFA World Cup France Croatia Date 15 July 2018 (2018 - 07 - 15) Venue Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow Man of the Match Antoine Griezmann (France) Referee Néstor Pitana (Argentina) Attendance 78,011 Weather Partly cloudy 27 ° C (81 ° F) 51% humidity ← 2014 2022 →", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Glenn Remick", "paragraph_text": "Remick was elected the head of the US World Cup Team. He led the U.S. World Cup dart team to a second-place finish at the championships in Brisbane, Australia, in 1985.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Royal Challengers Bangalore", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Challengers Bangalore (often abbreviated as RCB) are a franchise cricket team based in Bangalore, Karnataka, that plays in the Indian Premier League (IPL). One of the original eight teams in the IPL, the team has made three final appearances in the IPL, losing all (in 2009 to the Deccan Chargers, in 2011 to the Chennai Super Kings and in 2016 to the Sunrisers Hyderabad). The team also finished runners - up in the 2011 CLT20, losing the final against the Mumbai Indians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "England at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The England national football team has competed at the FIFA World Cup since 1950. The FIFA World Cup is the premier competitive international football tournament, first played in 1930, whose finals stage has been held every four years since, except 1942 and 1946, due to the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "FIFA World Cup hosts", "paragraph_text": "The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Brazil at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Brazil is the most successful national team in the history of the World Cup, having won five titles, earning second - place, third - place and fourth - place finishes twice each. Brazil is one of the countries besides Argentina, Spain and Germany to win a FIFA World Cup away from its continent (Sweden 1958, Mexico 1970, USA 1994 and South Korea / Japan 2002). Brazil is the only national team to have played in all FIFA World Cup editions without any absence or need for playoffs. Brazil also has the best overall performance in World Cup history in both proportional and absolute terms with a record of 73 victories in 109 matches played, 124 goal difference, 237 points and only 18 losses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2009 Indian Premier League", "paragraph_text": "As the second season of the IPL coincided with multi-phase 2009 Indian general elections, in the aftermath of the 3 March 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team the Government of India refused to commit security by Indian paramilitary forces. As a result, the BCCI decided to host the second season of the league outside India. On 24 March 2009, the BCCI officially announced that the second season of the IPL was to be held in South Africa. Though India did not host the second season, the format of the tournament remained unchanged from the 2008 season format.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "O'Higgins Braden", "paragraph_text": "The Stadium of O'Higgins Braden was the World Cup Stadium Estadio El Teniente. The stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Rancagua, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 14,450 people and was built in 1945. The stadium hosted several matches of the FIFA World Cup in 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Franz Klammer", "paragraph_text": "Franz Klammer (born 3 December 1953) is a former champion alpine ski racer from Austria. Klammer overwhelmingly dominated the downhill event for four consecutive World Cup seasons (1975-78). He was the gold medalist at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, winning the downhill at Patscherkofel by a margin of 0.33 seconds with a time of 1:45.73. He won 25 World Cup downhills, including four on the Hahnenkamm at Kitzbühel. He holds the record for the most victories (four) on the full course at Kitzbühel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Although South Africa has made three appearances in the World Cup, they have not made it past the first round. The team's first attempt to qualify as for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. The team finished second in their group, behind Nigeria, who went on to play at the World Cup. Their first appearance was in France 1998, six years after they had been readmitted to the global football family. Despite a 3 -- 0 drubbing to France in their opening game, they went on to draw against Denmark and Saudi Arabia, the team finished third and thus exited the tournament. Korea / Japan 2002 was expected to be an opportunity for Bafana Bafana to step up to the next level but they were eliminated at the group stage despite drawing to Paraguay and beating Slovenia 1 -- 0 for their first - ever World Cup win. The team finished third in their group, losing out to Paraguay on goals scored. The team failed to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup after finishing third in their qualifying group. Ghana won the group and progressed to the tournament, while Congo DR finished ahead of South Africa on head to head results. During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, they beat France 2 -- 1 and drew 1 -- 1 to Mexico, but lost 0 -- 3 to Uruguay. They lost out on progression to the round of 16, on goal difference.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kabaddi in India", "paragraph_text": "India has won all six Kabaddi world cups played till now. Iran is the three times runner - up of world cups. All the world cups were held in India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "1982 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 1982 FIFA World Cup was the 12th FIFA World Cup, played in Spain between 13 June and 11 July 1982. The tournament was won by Italy, who defeated West Germany 3–1 in the final match, held in the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Spanish capital of Madrid. It was Italy's third World Cup title, but their first since 1938. The defending champions, Argentina, were eliminated in the second group round. Algeria, Cameroon, Honduras, Kuwait and New Zealand made their first appearances in the finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chennai Super Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Super Kings have lifted the IPL title thrice (in 2010, 2011 and 2018), and have the best win percentage among all teams in the IPL (61.56). They hold the records of most appearances in the IPL playoffs (nine) and in the final (seven). In addition, they have also won the Champions League Twenty20 in 2010 and 2014. The brand value of the Super Kings in 2018 was estimated at $65 million, making them the most valuable franchise in the IPL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th staging of the FIFA World Cup which took place from 31 May to 30 June 2002 in South Korea and Japan. This world cup set a number of precedents. It was the first World Cup to be held in Asia. No previous World Cup was held on a continent other than Europe or the Americas. It was also the first World Cup to be jointly hosted by more than one nation. Finally, this was the last event to use the golden goal rule. Brazil won the tournament for a record fifth time, winning the final against Germany 2 -- 0. The victory meant Brazil qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup for the fifth time, representing the World. In the third place play - off match against South Korea, Turkey won 3 -- 2 taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup finals. China PR, Ecuador, Senegal and Slovenia made their first appearances at the finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup Group G", "paragraph_text": "The two teams had met in nine previous matches, including twice in the FIFA World Cup, both won by Germany (1998, group stage: 2 -- 0; 2002, quarter - finals: 1 -- 0). The match featured two German coaches, Jürgen Klinsmann and Joachim Löw, facing each other. United States coach Klinsmann played in three World Cups for Germany (he scored the second goal in the 1998 match against the United States), and also managed them in 2006 with Löw as his assistant, who succeeded him after the World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chennai Super Kings–Mumbai Indians rivalry", "paragraph_text": "The Super-Indian Derby is a sports rivalry between the cricket teams of Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and defunct Champions League Twenty20 (CLT20). The two teams have played each other 26 times with Mumbai Indians winning number of times (14). It is often regarded as the biggest rivalry in IPL since it started in 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1928 Stanley Cup Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1928 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the New York Rangers and the Montreal Maroons. It was the first appearance by the Rangers in the Finals and was their first victory of the Stanley Cup in only their second season. This was the second Stanley Cup victory by an American team, the first being the Seattle Metropolitans in the 1917 Stanley Cup Finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Rouhollah Ataei", "paragraph_text": "Rouhollah Ataei (born September 11, 1983 Iran – Qazvin) is an Iranian footballer. He currently plays for Paykan in the IPL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Severino Minelli", "paragraph_text": "Severino Minelli (6 September 1909 – 23 September 1994) was a Swiss footballer who played as a defender. He participated in the 1934 FIFA World Cup and the 1938 FIFA World Cup. He played a total of 80 matches for Switzerland.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 77041, "question": "where was the second session of ipl played", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 90425, "question": "when did #1 hold the world cup", "answer": "2010", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Middle age", "paragraph_text": "According to the Oxford English Dictionary middle age is between 45 and 65: ``The period between early adulthood and old age, usually considered as the years from about 45 to 65. ''The US Census lists the category middle age from 45 to 65. Merriam - Webster list middle age from 45 to 64, while prominent psychologist Erik Erikson saw it starting a little earlier and defines middle adulthood as between 40 and 65. The Collins English Dictionary, list it between the ages of 40 and 60. and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - the standard diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association - used to define middle age as 40 to 60, but as of DSM - IV (1994) revised the definition upwards to 45 to 65.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Willy Puchner", "paragraph_text": "Willy Puchner likes to work with old people, creating the projects \"Die 90-jährigen\" (At the Age of 90), \"Dialog mit dem Alter\" (Dialogue with the High Age), \"Die 100-jährigen\" (At the Age of 100), \"Lebensgeschichte und Fotografie\" (Oral History and Photography) and \"Liebe im Alter\" (Love at High Age).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Aluminum industry in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The US also imported 33 percent of the aluminum metal that was used in 2014. Of the imported aluminum, 63% came from Canada.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Geology", "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the 20th century, important advancement in geological science was facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods. This changed the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another. With isotopic dates it became possible to assign absolute ages to rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Old-Age Pensions Act 1908", "paragraph_text": "The Old - Age Pensions Act 1908 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1908. The Act is often regarded as one of the foundations of modern social welfare in the United Kingdom and forms part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal Government of 1906 -- 1914.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Palermo", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% people under 15 years and 20.2% pensioners. The average age of a Palermo resident is 40.4 compared to the Italian average of 42.8. In the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of Palermo declined by 4.5%, while the population of Italy, as a whole, grew by 6.0%. The reason for Palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to Northern Italy. The current birth rate of Palermo is 10.2 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.3 births.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Old Age Security", "paragraph_text": "The Old Age Security pension (or OAS or OAS - GIS) is a taxable monthly social security payment available to most Canadians 65 years of age or older with individual income less than $122,843. As of January 2018, the basic amount is C $586.66 per month. At tax time, recipients with a 2017 income of over $74,788 must pay back a portion of their Old Age Security at a rate of 15% of net income. This is often referred to as the ``OAS clawback ''. OAS amounts are indexed to the Canadian Consumer Price Index and are adjusted every calendar quarter if the 3 - month average CPI has increased.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Coney's Castle", "paragraph_text": "Coney's Castle is an Iron Age hill fort in Dorset, England. The name \"Coney\" is from the Old English for \"rabbit\" (Latin \"cuniculus\"), suggesting medieval use as a domestic warren, as at nearby Pilsdon Pen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The average age of the Court as a whole fluctuates over time with the departure of older justices and the appointment of younger people to fill their seats. The average age of the Court is 72 years. Just prior to the death of Chief Justice Rehnquist in September 2005, the average age was 71. After Sonia Sotomayor was appointed in August 2009, the average age at which current justices were appointed was about 53 years old.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group (\"family founders\") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and older with some rural municipalities recording more than 30% of over-65s (pensioners). This is a problem for the regional labour market, as there are twice as many people leaving as entering the job market annually.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Won Kuk Lee", "paragraph_text": "Won Kuk Lee was born on April 13, 1907 in Seoul, actual capital of South Korea, which was occupied by Japan and whose regimen regulated all of the population’s activities in the peninsula. It prohibited the practice or teachings of any martial arts, so those interested, had to go outside of Korea (either China or Japan) to learn the arts. Lee was interested in martial arts at a very early age, and he used to get together with the elders in his natal Seoul to listen to the old stories that narrated the practice of millennial Korean martial arts like the Taekkyeon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age", "paragraph_text": "The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jayme Matarazzo", "paragraph_text": "Jayme Matarazzo was born in Rio de Janeiro. He moved to São Paulo aged five years old with his mother, \"Fernanda Lauer\", and his sister, \"Maria Fernanda Matarazzo\", where he lived until the age of 21.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Twenty - sixth Amendment (Amendment XXVI) to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from using age as a reason for denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States who are at least eighteen years old. The drive to lower the voting age from 21 to 18 grew across the country during the 1960s, driven in large part by the broader student activism movement protesting the Vietnam War. The impetus for drafting an amendment to lower the voting age arose following the Supreme Court's decision in Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970), which held that Congress may establish a voting age for federal elections, but not for local or state elections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tinder (app)", "paragraph_text": "Tinder is used widely throughout the world and is available in over 40 languages. As of late 2014, an estimated 50 million people use the app every month with an average of 12 million matches per day. However, to get to those 12 million matches, users collectively make around 1 billion swipes per day. The minimum age to sign up and use Tinder is 18. As of June 2016, If a user of Tinder who is below the age of 18 attempts to use the app, they are met with cards on their deck stating that Tinder is no longer usable by anyone under 18, and that the Tinder team is developing a new app especially for their age group. As of April 2015, Tinder users swipe through 1.6 billion Tinder profiles and make more than 26 million matches per day. More than 8 billion matches have been made since Tinder launched in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Minor (law)", "paragraph_text": "In law, a minor is a person under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which legally demarcates childhood from adulthood. The age of majority depends upon jurisdiction and application, but it is generally 18. Minor may also be used in contexts that are unconnected to the overall age of majority. For example, the drinking age in the United States is usually 21, and younger people are sometimes called minors in the context of alcohol law, even if they are at least 18. The term underage often refers to those under the age of majority, but it may also refer to persons under a certain age limit, such as the drinking age, smoking age, age of consent, marriageable age, driving age, voting age, etc. Such age limits are often different from the age of majority.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Social security in Australia", "paragraph_text": "In 1900, the states of New South Wales and Victoria enacted legislation introducing non-contributory pensions for those aged 65 and over. Queensland legislated a similar system in 1907 before the Australian labor Commonwealth government led by Andrew Fisher introduced a national aged pension under the Invalid and Old - Aged Pensions Act 1908. A national invalid diasbility pension was started in 1910, and a national maternity allowance was introduced in 1912.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Social security in Australia", "paragraph_text": "The Age Pension was the first payment made by the Commonwealth Government, dating back to 1909. It is available to persons aged 65 years and over. The eligibility age is currently being progressively increased to a cap of 67 years old. Except for the mandatory superannuation scheme, workers do not contribute to a pension or insurance scheme in Australia, unlike pension schemes in many other countries. Taxpayer - funded pensions are means tested.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Habib Miyan", "paragraph_text": "Habib Miyan born as Rahim Khan (1869 (claimed) – 19 August 2008), of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, was an Indian man who claimed to have lived to 138 years of age, though this claim is disputed. He holds the Guinness World record for the Longest retirement pension. The Limca Book of Records lists him as the oldest man of Jaipur, describing him in its 2005 edition as \"over 120 years\", but since he had no birth certificate Guinness did not recognise his claim to be the world's oldest person and the Gerontology Research Group accepted Edna Parker to be the world's oldest person at the time, at 115 years old.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 67137, "question": "where does us get most of its aluminum", "answer": "Canada", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 56955, "question": "what is the age for old age pension in #1", "answer": "65 years of age or older", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Garrett Morgan", "paragraph_text": "He was the subject of a newspaper feature in Cleveland Ohio, Ohio, for a heroic rescue in 1916 of workers trapped within a water intake tunnel, beneath Lake Erie. He performed his rescue using a hood fashioned to protect his eyes from smoke and featuring a series of air tubes that hung near the ground to draw clean air beneath the rising smoke. This enabled Morgan to lengthen his ability to endure the inhospitable conditions of a smoke-filled room. Morgan is also credited as the first African American in Cleveland to own an automobile.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1995, California was the first state to enact a statewide smoking ban; throughout the early to mid-2000s, especially between 2004 and 2007, an increasing number of states enacted a statewide smoking ban of some kind. As of July 2017, the most recent statewide smoking ban is North Dakota's, which was ratified by voters on November 6, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hawksworth Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Hawksworth Restaurant, located in the Rosewood Hotel Georgia in Vancouver, British Columbia, is a fine-dining restaurant owned by chef David Hawksworth, the youngest chef to be inducted into the B.C. Restaurant Hall of Fame. The restaurant was named, \"Restaurant of the Year\" in 2012 by Macleans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On May 1, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Jennifer Granholm on December 18, 2009, the Dr. Ron Davis Law took effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed, indoor workplaces in Michigan, as well as the outdoor patios of bars and restaurants. The law exempts only cigar bars, retail tobacco stores, private home offices, company vehicles including commercial trucks, and Detroit's three casinos' gambling floors. The law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though it prohibits state or local health departments from enacting any smoking rules different than the law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Smoking Hills", "paragraph_text": "The Smoking Hills are located on the east coast of Cape Bathurst in Canada's Northwest Territories, next to the Arctic Ocean and a small group of lakes. The cliffs were named by explorer John Franklin, who was the first European to see them on his 1826 expeditions. They contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Jinks Island", "paragraph_text": "Jinks Island () is an island lying north of Pickwick Island, in the Pitt Islands of the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after Mr. Jinks, a character in Charles Dickens' \"The Pickwick Papers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "De Bokkepruik", "paragraph_text": "Restaurant De Bokkepruik is a restaurant located in Heemse, Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star from 1990 to present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "El Pollo Loco", "paragraph_text": "El Pollo Loco, Inc. is a restaurant chain based in the United States, specializing in Mexican - style grilled chicken. Restaurant service consists of: dine - in, take - out, with some locations offering drive through options. The company is headquartered in Costa Mesa, California and operates over 400 (as of March 2014) company - owned and franchised restaurants in the Southwestern United States. ``El Pollo Loco ''is Spanish for`` The Crazy Chicken''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "paragraph_text": "The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking. Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD. In the United States and United Kingdom, of those with COPD, 80–95% are either current or previous smokers. The likelihood of developing COPD increases with the total smoke exposure. Additionally, women are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoke than men. In non-smokers, exposure to second-hand smoke is the cause in up to 20% of cases. Other types of smoke, such as, marijuana, cigar, and water-pipe smoke, also confer a risk. Water-pipe smoke appears to be as harmful as smoking cigarettes. Problems from marijuana smoke may only be with heavy use. Women who smoke during pregnancy may increase the risk of COPD in their child. For the same amount of cigarette smoking, women have a higher risk of COPD than men.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Restaurant ML", "paragraph_text": "Restaurant ML is a restaurant located in Haarlem, in the Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in the period 2011–present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Riverview Lake", "paragraph_text": "Riverview Lake is a lake in Riverview Park at Mesa, Arizona, United States. The lake is located west of Dobson Road and north of 8th Street.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pickwick Lake", "paragraph_text": "Pickwick Lake is the reservoir created by Pickwick Landing Dam as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The lake stretches from Pickwick Landing Dam to Wilson Dam.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Houston's Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Houston's Restaurant is an upscale American casual dining restaurant chain, owned by Hillstone Restaurant Group, whose main corporate headquarters is in Beverly Hills, California. There are 51 Hillstone locations in 13 states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Halo (bar)", "paragraph_text": "Halo was a high end gay bar located at 1435 P Street, NW in the Logan Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 2004 by Ed Bailey and John Guggenmos, Halo first gained attention by being one of the few smoke-free LGBT bars in Washington, D.C. before the citywide smoking ban was enacted in January 2007. Bailey and Guggenmos previously started other Washington, D.C. LGBT clubs and events including the Velvet Nation party at Nation, Tracks, Millennium at the , Ozone, and Cobalt. In 2007, Bailey and Guggenmos sold their remaining share of Halo to Babak Movahedi and opened Town Danceboutique on U Street, NW.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Oak Street Beach", "paragraph_text": "Oak Street Beach is located on North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan. One of a series of Chicago beaches, the Chicago Park District defines Oak Street Beach as the area from approximately 1550 North Lake Shore Drive to 500 North Lake Shore Drive, including Ohio Street Beach, the South Ledge, a concrete path running from Ohio Street beach to the Oak Street Curve, Oak Street Beachstro Restaurant, Oak Street Beach proper, the \"North Ledge\", and a concrete path running from Oak Street Beach to North Avenue Beach.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Charles Dickens", "paragraph_text": "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gravelly Lake", "paragraph_text": "Gravelly Lake is a lake located in Lakewood in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The lake is fed by groundwater and has no surface drainage channels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cabo Wabo", "paragraph_text": "Cabo Wabo is a nightclub and restaurant located in Cabo San Lucas, BCS, Mexico. Franchises exist in Harvey's Lake Tahoe in Stateline, Nevada, the Las Vegas Strip, and on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. It is also a popular brand of tequila. All were founded by rock musician Sammy Hagar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: Since January 1, 1995, smoking has been banned in all enclosed workplaces in California, including bars and restaurants (bars were excluded until January 1, 1998); these following areas were exempt until June 9, 2016: meeting and banquet rooms except while food or beverage functions are taking place (including set - up, service, and clean - up activities or when the room is being used for exhibit activities), retail or wholesale tobacco shops and private smokers lounges (i.e. cigar bars), truck cabs / tractors if no nonsmoking employees are present, theatrical production sites if smoking is an integral part of the story, medical research or treatment sites if smoking is integral to the research or treatment being conducted, private residences except homes licensed as family day care homes during the hours of operation and in those areas where children are present, and patient smoking areas in long - term health care facilities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Tennessee's 2007 statewide smoking law, the Non-Smoker Protection Act, prohibits smoking statewide in all public places in Tennessee, except as exempted; (1) any business, including a bar or restaurant, that does not serve persons under 21, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) tobacco industry - related facilities, (4) outdoor areas and areas with an open garage door, (5) nursing homes, (6) designated smoking areas not accessible to the general public in businesses with three or fewer employees, (7) private clubs, (8) private residences and vehicles unless it is being used for child care, daycare, or public transportation of children, (9) retail tobacco stores, and (10) commercial vehicles occupied solely by the operator. Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 130914, "question": "What state is Pickwick Lake located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 59196, "question": "when was smoking banned in restaurants in #1", "answer": "2007", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jaish-e-Mohammed", "paragraph_text": "An informant, posing as a member of Jaish-e-Mohammed, helped police to arrest four people allegedly plotting to bomb a New York City synagogue as well as to shoot Stinger missiles at military aircraft in the United States. The arrest of the four took place in May 2009. One of the four, by the name of James Cromitie, allegedly expressed the desire to join Jaish-e-Mohammed. This expression allegedly took place approximately a year prior to this arrest.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sugar Island (Detroit River)", "paragraph_text": "For many years Sugar island was held in private ownership with plans to build a bridge and residential housing on the island. There were objections to this plan, mainly by environmental groups, as the island is a resting point for many species of migratory birds. The island was recently purchased by the US Fish and Wildlife service for $434,100 and will be made into a wildlife refuge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Battle of Stalingrad", "paragraph_text": "Bitter fighting raged for every ruin, street, factory, house, basement, and staircase. Even the sewers were the sites of firefights. The Germans called this unseen urban warfare Rattenkrieg (\"Rat War\"), and bitterly joked about capturing the kitchen but still fighting for the living room and the bedroom. Buildings had to be cleared room by room through the bombed-out debris of residential neighborhoods, office blocks, basements and apartment high-rises. Some of the taller buildings, blasted into roofless shells by earlier German aerial bombardment, saw floor-by-floor, close quarters combat, with the Germans and Soviets on alternate levels, firing at each other through holes in the floors. Fighting on and around Mamayev Kurgan, a prominent hill above the city, was particularly merciless; indeed, the position changed hands many times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "In 2012, the city contained a total of 594 high-rise buildings, with 8 under construction, 71 planned and 39 at proposal stage making the city's skyline the second largest in Australia. The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victorian buildings, two of which — the Rialto Building (1889) designed by William Pitt and the Winfield Building (1890) designed by Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight — still remain today and more recently hi-rise apartment buildings including Eureka Tower (2006), which is listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "paragraph_text": "By August 1945, the Allies' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bomb, and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands. Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25. On August 6, one of its B - 29s dropped a Little Boy uranium gun - type bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a Fat Man plutonium implosion - type bomb was dropped by another B - 29 on Nagasaki. The bombs immediately devastated their targets. Over the next two to four months, the acute effects of the atomic bombings killed 90,000 -- 146,000 people in Hiroshima and 39,000 -- 80,000 people in Nagasaki; roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day. Large numbers of people continued to die from the effects of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition, for many months afterward. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. The two men were convicted of the bombing: McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed by the federal government on June 11, 2001; his partner Nichols is serving a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole. McVeigh's army buddy, Michael Fortier, was sentenced to 12 years in federal prison and ordered to pay a $75,000 fine for his role in the bombing plot (i.e. assisting in the sale of guns to raise funds for the bombing, and examining the Murrah Federal building as a possible target before the terrorist attack). His wife, Lori Fortier, who has since died, was granted immunity from prosecution in return for her testimony in the case.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Heron Tower", "paragraph_text": "Designed by architects Kohn Pedersen Fox, the height of 110 Bishopsgate was planned to be only 183 m, identical to that of Tower 42, the City of London's then tallest building since 1980.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Southeast Tucson continues to experience rapid residential development. The area includes Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The area is considered to be south of Golf Links Road. It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborhoods, and Pima Community College East Campus. The Atterbury Wash with its access to excellent bird watching is also located in the Southeast Tucson area. The suburban community of Rita Ranch houses many of the military families from Davis-Monthan, and is near the southeastern-most expansion of the current city limits. Close by Rita Ranch and also within the city limits lies Civano, a planned development meant to showcase ecologically sound building practices and lifestyles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Greenwich Village High School", "paragraph_text": "Greenwich Village High School (GVHS) is a planned grade 9-12 independent high school in Manhattan, New York City. The school is located at 30 Vandam Street between 6th Avenue and Varick. GVHS was scheduled to open in September 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "On 13 March, the upper Clyde port of Clydebank near Glasgow was bombed. All but seven of its 12,000 houses were damaged. Many more ports were attacked. Plymouth was attacked five times before the end of the month while Belfast, Hull, and Cardiff were hit. Cardiff was bombed on three nights, Portsmouth centre was devastated by five raids. The rate of civilian housing lost was averaging 40,000 people per week dehoused in September 1940. In March 1941, two raids on Plymouth and London dehoused 148,000 people. Still, while heavily damaged, British ports continued to support war industry and supplies from North America continued to pass through them while the Royal Navy continued to operate in Plymouth, Southampton, and Portsmouth. Plymouth in particular, because of its vulnerable position on the south coast and close proximity to German air bases, was subjected to the heaviest attacks. On 10/11 March, 240 bombers dropped 193 tons of high explosives and 46,000 incendiaries. Many houses and commercial centres were heavily damaged, the electrical supply was knocked out, and five oil tanks and two magazines exploded. Nine days later, two waves of 125 and 170 bombers dropped heavy bombs, including 160 tons of high explosive and 32,000 incendiaries. Much of the city centre was destroyed. Damage was inflicted on the port installations, but many bombs fell on the city itself. On 17 April 346 tons of explosives and 46,000 incendiaries were dropped from 250 bombers led by KG 26. The damage was considerable, and the Germans also used aerial mines. Over 2,000 AAA shells were fired, destroying two Ju 88s. By the end of the air campaign over Britain, only eight percent of the German effort against British ports was made using mines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City National Memorial in the northern part of Oklahoma City's downtown was created as the inscription on its eastern gate of the Memorial reads, \"to honor the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were changed forever on April 19, 1995\"; the memorial was built on the land formerly occupied by the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building complex prior to its 1995 bombing. The outdoor Symbolic Memorial can be visited 24 hours a day for free, and the adjacent Memorial Museum, located in the former Journal Record building damaged by the bombing, can be entered for a small fee. The site is also home to the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, a non-partisan, nonprofit think tank devoted to the prevention of terrorism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Rosemont High School", "paragraph_text": "Rosemont High School is a public high school located in Sacramento, California, USA. Designed by DLR Group, its completed buildings opened in 2003. Rosemont H.S. is part of the Sacramento City Unified School District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Łódź", "paragraph_text": "The most notable and recognizable landmark of the city is Piotrkowska Street, which remains the high-street and main tourist attraction in the city, runs north to south for a little over five kilometres (3.1 miles). This makes it one of the longest commercial streets in the world. Most of the building façades, many of which date back to the 19th century, have been renovated. It is the site of most restaurants, bars and cafes in Łódź's city centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "The Lord Mayor's official residence is 3 Elliot Terrace, located on the Hoe. Once a home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor, it was given by Lady Astor to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors and is also used today for civic hospitality, as lodgings for visiting dignitaries and High Court judges and it is also available to hire for private events. The Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way became a listed building in June 2007 because of its quality and period features, but has become the centre of a controversy as the council planned for its demolition estimating that it could cost £40m to refurbish it, resulting in possible job losses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bombing of Dresden in World War II", "paragraph_text": "The bombing of Dresden was a British / American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II in the European Theatre. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high - explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed over 1,600 acres (6.5 km) of the city centre. An estimated 22,700 to 25,000 people were killed, although larger casualty figures have been claimed. Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March aimed at the city's railway marshalling yard and one smaller raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Neoclassical architecture", "paragraph_text": "Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slightly wider boulevards, and the occasional diagonal street were characteristic of the very logical and orderly Roman design. Ancient façades and building layouts were oriented to these city design patterns and they tended to work in proportion with the importance of public buildings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Klarenthal", "paragraph_text": "Klarenthal is a borough of Wiesbaden, capital of the federal state of Hesse, Germany. The community, situated on the slopes of the Taunus Mountains, was planned by architect and urban planner Ernst May in the style of a commuter town in the early 1960s. It was built on free arable land between the railway line to Bad Schwalbach and Klarenthaler Straße, overlooking the city center of Wiesbaden proper. Klarenthal consists mainly of large multi-family homes and residential high-rise buildings, surrounded with lots of green space, as well as many townhouses. The ground-breaking ceremony was held on September 11, 1964 and the first residents moved in in late February 1966. Today, over 10,000 people live there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Warsaw", "paragraph_text": "Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflects the turbulent history of the city and country. During the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction. After liberation, rebuilding began as in other cities of the communist-ruled PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed. However, some of the buildings from the 19th century that had been preserved in reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s (e.g. Leopold Kronenberg Palace). Mass residential blocks were erected, with basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "paragraph_text": "In contrast to Hiroshima, almost all of the buildings were of old-fashioned Japanese construction, consisting of timber or timber-framed buildings with timber walls (with or without plaster) and tile roofs. Many of the smaller industries and business establishments were also situated in buildings of timber or other materials not designed to withstand explosions. Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley. On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 people were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents, 10,000 Korean residents, 2,500 conscripted Korean workers, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, 600 conscripted Chinese workers, and 400 Allied prisoners of war in a camp to the north of Nagasaki.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160778, "question": "What city were they planning to bomb?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 1838, "question": "How many buildings in #1 are over 200m high?", "answer": "50", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Rick Roberson", "paragraph_text": "Rick Roberson (born July 7, 1947) is a retired professional basketball player who played in the NBA for the Los Angeles Lakers (1969–71), Cleveland Cavaliers (1971–73), Portland Trail Blazers (1973–74), New Orleans Jazz (1974–75) and Kansas City Kings (1975–76).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain", "paragraph_text": "Infante Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Aniello Raimundo Silvestre of Spain (31 December 1755 – 20 April 1817) was a son of King Charles III of Spain and younger brother of King Charles IV of Spain and King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cleveland Cavaliers", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 -- 19 Cleveland Cavaliers season Conference Eastern Division Central Founded 1970 History Cleveland Cavaliers 1970 -- present Arena Quicken Loans Arena Location Cleveland, Ohio Team colors Wine, gold, navy blue, black Main sponsor Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company General manager Koby Altman Head coach Tyronn Lue Ownership Dan Gilbert (majority) Gordon Gund, Usher Raymond (minority) Affiliation (s) Canton Charge Championships 1 (2016) Conference titles 5 (2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Division titles 7 (1976, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Retired numbers 8 (7, 11, 22, 25, 34, 42, 43, Microphone) Website www.nba.com/cavaliers Uniforms Home Away", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dutch Republic", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Netherlands, led by William I of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces. This was the start of the Eighty Years' War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "English Springer Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The English Springer Spaniel is a breed of gun dog in the Spaniel family traditionally used for flushing and retrieving game. It is an affectionate, excitable breed with a typical lifespan of twelve to fourteen years. They are very similar to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and are descended from the Norfolk or Shropshire Spaniels of the mid-19th century; the breed has diverged into separate show and working lines. The breed suffers from average health complaints. The show - bred version of the breed has been linked to ``rage syndrome '', although the disorder is very rare. It is closely related to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and very closely to the English Cocker Spaniel; less than a century ago, springers and cockers would come from the same litter. The smaller`` cockers'' hunted woodcock while the larger littermates were used to flush, or ``spring '', game. In 1902, The Kennel Club recognized the English Springer Spaniel as a distinct breed. They are used as sniffer dogs on a widespread basis. The term Springer comes from the historic hunting role, where the dog would flush (spring) birds into the air.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Prince Charles Island", "paragraph_text": "Prince Charles Island is a large, low-lying island with an area of , making it the world's 77th largest island and the 19th largest island in Canada. It is located in Foxe Basin, off the west coast of Baffin Island, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Despite the island's size, it was not discovered until 1932, when the tug captain W. A. Poole first sighted it. His information never made it onto any published map. It was rediscovered in 1948 by Albert-Ernest Tomkinson navigating an Avro Lancaster for the RCAF 408 (Photo) Squadron, though it was likely known to the local Inuit long before that. The island was named for Prince Charles, who was born the same year. The island is uninhabited and its temperatures are extremely cold.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur", "paragraph_text": "The Jantar Mantar monument in Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, and completed in 1734. It features the world's largest stone sundial, and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal. The instruments allow the observation of astronomical positions with the naked eye. The monument expresses architectural innovations, as well as the coming together of ideas from different religious and social beliefs in 18th - century India. The observatory is an example of the Ptolemaic positional astronomy which was shared by many civilizations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cleveland Cavaliers", "paragraph_text": "In 2014, James returned to the Cavaliers after four seasons in Miami. While the Heat had a 224 -- 88 record during James' four - year tenure and won NBA titles in 2012 and 2013, the Cavaliers went 97 -- 215 and missed the playoffs each season. The Cavaliers made several moves to build a championship - contender around James, most notably acquiring power forward Kevin Love from the Minnesota Timberwolves, which created what many fans and media referred to a ``Big Three ''with James, Love, and Irving. The Lebron - led Cavaliers made four consecutive finals appearances in from 2015 to 2018, all against the Golden State Warriors, winning in 2016. The 2016 NBA Championship marked the Cavaliers' first title in franchise history, as they became the first team to come back from a 3 -- 1 deficit to win the Finals. It was also Cleveland's first championship in major professional sports since the 1964 Browns, signaling the end of the so - called Cleveland sports curse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in King County, Washington", "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in King County, Washington, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and colloquially Great Britain (GB) or simply Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union (EU).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cavalier County Museum", "paragraph_text": "Established after 1969 - The Holy Trinity Church at Dresden, Cavalier County, North Dakota, became the cornerstone of the Cavalier County Museum. It now houses local historic artifacts and landmarks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Charles Point", "paragraph_text": "Charles Point () is a headland on the north side of the entrance to Brialmont Cove, and forming the southwest extremity of Relyovo Peninsula on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The present name derives from Cape Charles, first used in about 1831. This name, appearing on early maps in this approximate location, has sometimes been misapplied to the cape at the north side of Hughes Bay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Cleveland Cavaliers", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 -- 19 Cleveland Cavaliers season Conference Eastern Division Central Founded 1970 History Cleveland Cavaliers 1970 -- present Arena Quicken Loans Arena Location Cleveland, Ohio Team colors Wine, gold, navy blue, black Main sponsor Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company General manager Koby Altman Head coach Tyronn Lue Ownership Dan Gilbert (majority) Gordon Gund, Usher Raymond (minority) Affiliation (s) Canton Charge Championships 1 (2016) Conference titles 5 (2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Division titles 7 (1976, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Retired numbers 8 (7, 11, 22, 25, 34, 42, 43, MIC) Website www.nba.com/cavaliers Uniforms Home Away", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "American Cocker Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "American Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA / Canada surveys had a median lifespan of about 10 to 11 years, which is on the low end of the typical range for purebred dogs, and one to two years less than other breeds of their size. The larger English Cocker Spaniel typically lives about a year longer than the American Cocker Spaniel. In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (23%), old age (20%), cardiac (8%), and immune - mediated (8%). In a 2003 USA / Canada Health Survey with a smaller sample size, the leading causes of death were cancer, hepatic disease, and immune - mediated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cavaliers -- Warriors rivalry Cleveland Cavaliers Golden State Warriors First meeting October 17, 1970 Warriors 128, Cavaliers 108 Latest meeting June 8, 2018 Warriors 108, Cavaliers 85 Next meeting N / A Statistics Meetings total 131 meetings All - time series Warriors, 73 -- 59 Regular season series Warriors, 59 -- 52 Postseason results Warriors, 15 -- 7 Longest win streak Cavaliers, 10 (1992 -- 96) Warriors, 7 (2015 -- 16; 2017 -- 18) Current win streak Warriors, 7 Post-season history 2015 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 2 2016 NBA Finals: Cavaliers won, 4 -- 3 2017 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 1 2018 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 0", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tabula Rogeriana", "paragraph_text": "The Nuzhat al-mushtāq fi'khtirāq al-āfāq (, lit. \"the book of pleasant journeys into faraway lands\"), most often known as the Tabula Rogeriana (lit. \"The Book of Roger\" in Latin), is a description of the world and world map created by the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154. Al-Idrisi worked on the commentaries and illustrations of the map for fifteen years at the court of the Norman King Roger II of Sicily, who commissioned the work around 1138.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Cavalier King Charles Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small spaniel classed as a toy dog by The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club. It originated in the United Kingdom and is one of the more popular breeds in many countries. Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 18th most popular pure - breed in the United States (2013 Registration Statistics). It has a silky, smooth coat and commonly a smooth undocked tail. The breed standard recognizes four colours: Blenheim (chestnut and white), Tricolor (black / white / tan), Black and Tan, and Ruby. The breed is generally friendly, affectionate and good with both children and other animals; however, they require a lot of human interaction. Since they are a family dog, it is recommended to not leave them alone for long periods at a time. The expected average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is under ten years.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Lethent, California", "paragraph_text": "Lethent is a former settlement in Kings County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad west of Lemoore, at an elevation of 217 feet (66 m). Lethent still appeared on maps as of 1926.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "King George III Museum", "paragraph_text": "The King George III Museum was a museum within King's College London, England between 1843 and 1927 which held the collections of scientific instruments of George III as well as eminent nineteenth-century scientists including Sir Charles Wheatstone and Charles Babbage. The collection of scientific and mathematical instruments assembled by George III, after whom the museum is named, was donated to the university by Queen Victoria in 1841, and the museum was opened by Albert, Prince Consort on 1 July 1843. The museum was located within the King's Building designed by Sir Robert Smirke. It counted among its collections the unfinished prototype of the Difference Engine No. 1, designed by Charles Babbage, who is considered a \"father of the computer\". The museum closed in 1926, and much of its collections were transferred on loan to the Science Museum, London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Anthony Jackson (soldier)", "paragraph_text": "Sir Anthony Jackson (1599–1666) was an English lawyer, soldier, and knight in the seventeenth century. A cavalier during the English Civil War, he was knighted by Charles II, participated in the Battle of Worcester, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for over a decade.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 51110, "question": "where did the cavalier king charles spaniel come from", "answer": "the United Kingdom", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 52808, "question": "where is #1 located on the world map", "answer": "off the north - western coast of the European mainland", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Bäderhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Bäderhorn (2,009 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located north of the Jaun Pass in the canton of Bern. It lies on the range between the valleys of Jaun and Simmental.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Birghorn", "paragraph_text": "The Birghorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies on the range connecting the Lötschen Pass from the Tschingelhorn, separating the upper Gasterntal (Bernese Oberland) from the Lötschental (Valais).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ritzlihorn", "paragraph_text": "The Ritzlihorn (3,282 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Handegg in the canton of Bern. It lies on the range east of the Gauli Glacier and north of the Bächlistock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hiendertelltihorn", "paragraph_text": "The Hiendertelltihorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located west of Handegg in the canton of Bern. It lies between the Gauli Glacier and the Grueben Glacier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Dent de Ruth", "paragraph_text": "The Dent de Ruth is a mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. The summit is the tripoint between the cantons of Vaud, Berne and Fribourg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bern", "paragraph_text": "The city of Bern or Berne (German: Bern, pronounced [bɛrn] ( listen); French: Berne [bɛʁn]; Italian: Berna [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: Berna [ˈbɛrnɐ] (help·info); Bernese German: Bärn [b̥æːrn]) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or \"federal city\".[note 1] With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chammliberg", "paragraph_text": "The Chammliberg is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located south of the Klausen Pass in the canton of Uri. While the south side of the mountain is covered by the large Hüfi Glacier, the north-west side consists of an 800 metre high face.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gspaltenhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Gspaltenhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located between the valleys of Kiental and Lauterbrunnen in the canton of Bern. With an elevation of 3,436 metres above sea level, the Gspaltenhorn is the highest summit of the range lying north-east of the Gamchilück pass (2,837 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gärstenhörner", "paragraph_text": "The Gärstenhörner is a mountain in the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies on the range west of the Rhone Glacier, and east of the Grimsel Pass. The Gärstenhörner has three summits: the Mittler Gärstenhorn (3,189 m), the Hinter Gärstenhorn (3,173 m) and the Vorder Gärstenhorn (3,167 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Güferhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Güferhorn is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located between the valleys of Vals and Hinterrhein in Graubünden. At 3,379 metres above sea level it is the highest summit of the Lepontine Alps lying east of the Rheinwaldhorn. The northern side of the massif is covered by the Güfergletscher, a 2 kilometres long glacier. It lies above 2,600 metres on the east side of a ridge starting at the summit of the Güferhorn and separating the valleys of Länta and Canaltal, both converging at the Zervreilasee, south of Vals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Bächlistock", "paragraph_text": "The Bächlistock is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking the Unteraar Glacier in the canton of Bern. Its summit has an elevation of 3,247 metres above sea level and is the tripoint between the glacier valleys of Hiendertelltigletscher, Bächligletscher and Unteraar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Wachthubel", "paragraph_text": "The Wachthubel (1,415 m) is a mountain of the Emmental Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Lucerne. The mountain is located between Schangnau and Marbach.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Scheuchzerhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Scheuchzerhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located west of the Grimsel Pass in the canton of Bern. It lies north-east of the Oberaarhorn, on the range separating the valley of the Unteraar Glacier from the valley of the Oberaar Glacier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mont Bonvin", "paragraph_text": "Mont Bonvin is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Crans-Montana in the Swiss canton of Valais. The border with the canton of Bern runs one kilometre north of the summit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Swiss Alps", "paragraph_text": "The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland's total 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi) surface area, making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total 192,753 square kilometres (74,422 sq mi) area, 48 out of 82 alpine four - thousanders are located in the Swiss Alps and practically all of the remaining 34 are within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the country's border.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Schreckhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Schreckhorn (4,078 m) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps. It is the highest peak located entirely in the canton of Berne. The Schreckhorn is the northernmost Alpine four-thousander and the northernmost summit rising above 4,000 metres in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hockenhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Hockenhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. Its summit is 3,293 metres high and lies between the upper Kandertal and the Lötschental. On its southern (Valais) side lies a glacier named \"Milibachgletscher\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Lauteraar Rothörner", "paragraph_text": "The Lauteraar Rothörner are a multi-summited mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking the Unteraar Glacier in the canton of Bern. They lie one kilometre south-east of the Hugihorn, on the range separating the Strahlegg Glacier from the Lauteraar Glacier, both tributaries of the Unteraar Glacier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ebnefluh", "paragraph_text": "The Ebnefluh (also known as the Äbeni Flue and the Ebenefluh) (3,962 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies towards the eastern end of the Lauterbrunnen Wall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Löffelhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Löffelhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It is part of the Aargrat, a range east of the Oberaarhorn that separates the valley of the Oberaar Glacier from the valley of Goms.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 8162, "question": "Where is Bern located?", "answer": "Switzerland", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 78265, "question": "how much of #1 is covered by the alps", "answer": "65%", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "LifeTalk Radio", "paragraph_text": "LifeTalk Radio's first radio station, KSOH in Yakima, Washington, began broadcasting in March 1992. The station was launched with an \"interactive talk radio\" format, airing Christian talk programming. In 1996, LifeTalk Radio purchased and launched several additional stations. In 2000, the network was heard on 15 stations, 8 of which were owned by the network. By 2004, LifeTalk Radio was airing on 35 stations, by 2005 it was airing on 65 stations, and by 2008 the network was airing on 70 stations. By 2015, the network was airing on over 100 stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "History of radio", "paragraph_text": "On February 17, 1919, station 9XM at the University of Wisconsin in Madison broadcast human speech to the public at large. 9XM was first experimentally licensed in 1914, began regular Morse code transmissions in 1916, and its first music broadcast in 1917. Regularly scheduled broadcasts of voice and music began in January 1921. That station is still on the air today as WHA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Baby Don't Go – Sonny & Cher and Friends", "paragraph_text": "The title track \"Baby Don't Go\" was first released in 1964 and was a minor regional hit. Then following the duo's big success with \"I Got You Babe\" in the summer of 1965, \"Baby Don't Go\" was re-released by Reprise later that year and became another huge hit for Sonny & Cher, reaching the top ten in the U.S. and doing well in the UK and elsewhere, going as far as reaching number one in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "You've Got to Talk to Me", "paragraph_text": "\"You've Got to Talk to Me\" is a song written by Jamie O'Hara, and recorded by American country music singer Lee Ann Womack. It was released in November 1997 as the third and last single from her self-titled debut album.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind", "paragraph_text": "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind is the twenty fifth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith. The album was released in January 1975 on Columbia Records and was produced by Ray Baker. The album spawned three singles between 1974 and 1975, which included two Top 20 hits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Antonio Bisquert", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Valencia, where he became a pupil of Francisco Ribalta. He established himself at Teruel in 1620 where he got married.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Anne with an E", "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, both in their old age, decide to take on an orphan boy to help out around their ancestral farm of Green Gables, on the outskirts of the town of Avonlea, on Prince Edward Island. When Matthew goes to pick the child up at the railway station, he finds not a boy, but a high - spirited and talkative girl, Anne Shirley. At first, the Cuthberts are inclined to send her back, particularly after Marilla's brooch goes missing, and Anne, in despair, runs away. The family reconciles and Anne settles in her new home. Upon starting school, Anne once again displays boundless enthusiasm which is nevertheless easily turned into despair when things go wrong, which they often do. Slowly, her ebullient nature wins over those around her.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station Life 93.1FM. Cork also has a temporary licensed city-wide community station 'Cork FM Community Radio' on 100.5FM, which is currently on-air on Saturdays and Sundays only. Cork has also been home to pirate radio stations, including South Coast Radio and ERI in the 1980s. Today some small pirates stations remain. A number of neighbouring counties radio stations can be heard in parts of Cork City including Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Grimsby GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Grimsby GO Station is a proposed station on the GO Transit train and bus network in the province of Ontario, Canada. It will be located in the town of Grimsby in the Regional Municipality of Niagara, and will connect to the Lakeshore West line train service at Confederation GO Station in Hamilton. It is expected to open in 2021. It will be the first station to open in the planned GO Transit Niagara Falls extension, which will also include stops at St. Catharines railway station and Niagara Falls railway station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Girl I Got My Eyes On You", "paragraph_text": "``Girl I Got My Eyes On You ''is a 1989 single by R&B vocal group, Today. The single was their most successful of six chart releases on the Hot Black singles chart, peaking at number one for one week. As was the case with all their releases, none of Today's singles crossed over to the Hot 100, however,`` Girl I Got My Eyes On You'' peaked at number twenty - nine on the dance charts. The song chorus is interpolated from Carrie Lucas 1982 single ``Show Me Where you Coming From ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Rutherford GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Rutherford GO Station is a train and bus station in the GO Transit network located in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Barrie line train service. This station was opened in January 2001 to accommodate the growing ridership on the Barrie line along with the growing communities surrounding Rutherford GO Station. Another reason for the station's presence was due to Maple GO Station's parking congestion prior to Rutherford's opening.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "James VI and I", "paragraph_text": "Throughout his youth, James was praised for his chastity, since he showed little interest in women. After the loss of Lennox, he continued to prefer male company. A suitable marriage, however, was necessary to reinforce his monarchy, and the choice fell on fourteen-year-old Anne of Denmark, younger daughter of Protestant Frederick II. Shortly after a proxy marriage in Copenhagen in August 1589, Anne sailed for Scotland but was forced by storms to the coast of Norway. On hearing that the crossing had been abandoned, James sailed from Leith with a 300-strong retinue to fetch Anne personally in what historian David Harris Willson called \"the one romantic episode of his life\". The couple were married formally at the Bishop's Palace in Oslo on 23 November and returned to Scotland on 1 May 1590, after stays at Elsinore and Copenhagen and a meeting with Tycho Brahe. By all accounts, James was at first infatuated with Anne and, in the early years of their marriage, seems always to have shown her patience and affection. The royal couple produced three children who survived to adulthood: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, who died of typhoid fever in 1612, aged 18; Elizabeth, later queen of Bohemia; and Charles, his successor. Anne died before her husband in March 1619.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Salamatof, Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Salamatof is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States. The population was 980 at the 2010 census, up from 954 in 2000. Salamatof is the location for the former Wildwood Air Force Station, which operated from 1965 to 1972 (from 1951 to 1965, it was an Army Station). Today, it is the Wildwood Correctional Complex.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Bowmanville GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Bowmanville GO Station is a planned GO Transit train station to be built by Metrolinx in the community of Bowmanville, Ontario. It will be the terminus station of GO Transit's approved expansion of train service on the Lakeshore East line, and will become a transit hub for Durham Region Transit and GO Transit. Approximately 770 parking spaces will be provided on the south side of the station. A bus loop and a ``Kiss and Ride ''area will be included. The station is expected to open in 2024.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "KYDS", "paragraph_text": "KYDS is a Sacramento, California, radio station with the frequency 91.5. It is maintained at El Camino Fundamental High School and select students from the school are allowed to participate in its operation. \"KYDS\"'s original inception was in 1976 where it broadcast only to the school cafeteria during lunch hour. \"KYDS\" originally got its FCC broadcast license in 1978 as one of the last Class \"D\" licensed FM stations in the country. The station went on the air with 10 watts of power (transmitter power output, not effective radiated power), into a 4-bay antenna and broadcast a monaural signal that effectively covered a 5-mile radius.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Scotland Today", "paragraph_text": "Scotland Today is a Scottish regional news programme covering Central Scotland, produced by STV Central (formerly Scottish Television). Despite its name suggesting a national remit, the programme was actually limited to stories around STV's Central Belt franchise. \"North Tonight\" covered STV's North Scotland region (from North Fife upwards), until both programmes were renamed as \"STV News at Six\" in March 2009.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, \"Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on.\" When asked in 2014 \"Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?\", Schwarzenegger replied \"I'm least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Agincourt GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Agincourt GO Station is a GO Transit railway station in the Scarborough area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, served by Stouffville line trains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Emmett Williams", "paragraph_text": "Emmett Williams (4 April 1925 – 14 February 2007) was an American poet and visual artist. He was married to British visual artist Ann Nöel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Little Girl I Once Knew", "paragraph_text": "Since radio stations preferred to avoid dead air time, the song was poorly received by them, which may account for its relatively low chart rating among their other singles of the period, including \"California Girls\" and \"Barbara Ann\". Capitol Records' rushed release of \"Barbara Ann\" in December ruined any chance \"The Little Girl I Once Knew\" had of continuing up the charts. Just after its release, John Lennon gave it a favorable review:", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160277, "question": "Where did Anne go after she got married?", "answer": "Scotland", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 140895, "question": "What was the station that aired #1 Today?", "answer": "Scottish Television", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[ "STV" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Indian River Shores, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Indian River Shores is a town on Orchid Island, in Indian River County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,901 at the 2010 census, up from 3,448 at the 2000 census. It was ranked ninth in Florida locations by per capita income as of 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Buckingham County, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $36,378. Males had a median income of $36,420 versus $32,327 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,938. About 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Human Development Index", "paragraph_text": "The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, often framed in terms of whether people are able to \"be\" and \"do\" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland's economy as the most competitive in the world, while ranked by the European Union as Europe's most innovative country. For much of the 20th century, Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin (by GDP – per capita). In 2007 the gross median household income in Switzerland was an estimated 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity while the median income was 95,824 USD. Switzerland also has one of the world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Human Development Index", "paragraph_text": "LE: Life expectancy at birth\nMYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)\nEYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)\nGNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 83,085 crores (for the year 2004–05) and a per capita income of Rs. 53,976($1,200). In the year 2008–09 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs.1,16,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs.1,35,814 ($3,018) in 2009–10 fiscal. New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Piney Point Village, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Piney Point Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,125 at the 2010 census. Piney Point Village is the wealthiest place in Texas, as ranked by per capita income. It is part of a collection of upscale residential communities in west Houston known as the Memorial Villages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "New Hope, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $46,795, and the median income for a family was $60,424. Males had a median income of $41,192 versus $29,454 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,562. About 4.1% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bering Sea", "paragraph_text": "The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over 2,000,000 square kilometers (770,000 sq mi) and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Julington Creek Plantation, Florida", "paragraph_text": "St. Johns County is the second-wealthiest county in Florida. Zip code 32259 (Julington Creek, St. John's, Fruitcove) is considered the young Ponte Vedra because of its age demographics ranging from 30 to 50 and being second only to neighboring Ponte Vedra in having the highest per capita wealth in northeast Florida but having the highest per capita disposal income. With major super markets, pharmacies, top-ranked restaurants, golf courses, and numerous office parks, the Julington Creek area's population continued to grow significantly in the 2010s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "The 2007 gross state product was $44.9 billion, 45th in the nation. Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $40,042, ranking 15th in the nation. According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Alaska had the fifth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.75 percent. The oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy, with more than 80% of the state's revenues derived from petroleum extraction. Alaska's main export product (excluding oil and natural gas) is seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cathcart, Washington", "paragraph_text": "Cathcart is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,458 at the 2010 census. Based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Cathcart ranks 45th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked. Cathcart was named for Isaac Cathcart, a businessperson in the lumber industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "India", "paragraph_text": "Economic liberalisation, begun in 1991, has caused India to become a fast growing major economy and a newly industrialised country. Its gross domestic product ranks sixth in the world in market exchange rates and third in purchasing power parity. Its per capita income ranks 133rd and 116th in the two measures. India faces challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the second largest active military in the world and ranks high in military expenditure. India is a secular, federal republic, governed in a democratic parliamentary system, and administered in 29 states and seven union territories. A pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society, India is home to 1.3 billion people. It is also home to a high diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Himachal Pradesh", "paragraph_text": "The economy of Himachal Pradesh is currently the third-fastest growing economy in India.[citation needed] Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. This has made it one of the wealthiest places in the entire South Asia. Abundance of perennial rivers enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan. The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,609. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Nonetheless, San Diego was rated the fifth-best place to live in the United States in 2006 by Money magazine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Easton Area School District", "paragraph_text": "Easton Area School District is an urban, suburban, and rural public school district located in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. It serves the city of Easton, as well as Forks, Palmer, and portions of Lower Mount Bethel Townships. Easton Area School District encompasses approximately 28 square miles. In 2009 the per capita income was $20,875, while the", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Per capita personal income in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The per capita personal income of the United States is the income that is received by persons from all sources. It is calculated as the sum of wage and salary disbursements, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. This measure of income is calculated as the personal income of the residents of a given area divided by the resident population of the area. In computing per capita personal income, the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) uses the United States Census Bureau's annual midyear population estimates. In 2007 the total per capita personal income in the United States was US $38,611.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Himachal Pradesh", "paragraph_text": "The era of planning in Himachal Pradesh started 1948 along with the rest of India. The first five-year plan allocated ₹ 52.7 million to Himachal. More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could not be carried to the people, who mostly lived an isolated existence in far away areas. Himachal now ranks fourth in respect of per capita income among the states of the Indian Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Geography of Alaska", "paragraph_text": "The state is bordered by Yukon and British Columbia, Canada to the east, the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean to the south, Russia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug), Bering Sea, the Bering Strait, and Chukchi Sea to the west, and the Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean to the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Economic inequality", "paragraph_text": "In recent years the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality. Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems\" from nine factors, authors Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett found health and social problems \"more common in countries with bigger income inequalities\", and more common among states in the US with larger income inequalities. Other studies have confirmed this relationship. The UNICEF index of \"child well-being in rich countries\", studying 40 indicators in 22 countries, correlates with greater equality but not per capita income.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 65570, "question": "where does the bering sea touch the united states", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 28685, "question": "How does #1 's per capita personal income rank against other states?", "answer": "15th in the nation", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 21 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy, with four titles each; Argentina, France and inaugural winner Uruguay, with two titles each; and England and Spain with one title each.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Under-19 Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The ICC Under - 19 Cricket World Cup is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) contested by national under - 19 teams. First contested in 1988, as the Youth World Cup, it was not staged again until 1998. Since then, the World Cup has been held as a biennial event, organised by the ICC. The first edition of the tournament had only eight participants, but every subsequent edition has included sixteen teams. India, the current champions, has won the World Cup four times which is the highest amongst all teams, while Australia has won thrice, Pakistan twice and England, South Africa, and the West Indies once each. Two other teams -- New Zealand and Sri Lanka -- have made a tournament final without going on to win.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "JS Kabylie", "paragraph_text": "JS Kabylie has won the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 title 14 times and the Algerian Cup 5 times. The club has also won a number of African titles, including the CAF Champions League twice, the African Cup Winners' Cup once and the CAF Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Germany national football team", "paragraph_text": "Germany is one of the most successful national teams in international competitions, having won four World Cups (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014), three European Championships (1972, 1980, 1996), and one Confederations Cup (2017). They have also been runners-up three times in the European Championships, four times in the World Cup, and a further four third-place finishes at World Cups. East Germany won Olympic Gold in 1976.Germany is the only nation to have won both the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup.At the end of the 2014 World Cup, Germany earned the highest Elo rating of any national football team in history, with a record 2205 points. Germany is also the only European nation that has won a FIFA World Cup in the Americas. The manager of the national team is Joachim Löw.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The World Cup is open to all members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), although the highest - ranking teams receive automatic qualification. The remaining teams are determined via the World Cricket League and the ICC World Cup Qualifier. A total of twenty teams have competed in the eleven editions of the tournament, with fourteen competing in the latest edition in 2015; the next edition in 2019 will have only ten teams. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka (once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full - member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The tournament is the worlds 4th biggest sporting event behind the FIFA World Cup, Summer Olympics and the Rugby World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 13. The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015. Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup ``Doubles ''(in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999). They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993. Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2 -- 1 to Barcelona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2013 Women's Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Women's Cricket World Cup was the tenth Women's Cricket World Cup, which was hosted by India for the third time. India previously hosted the World Cup in 1978 and 1997. Australia won the tournament for the sixth time, beating West Indies by 114 runs in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th staging of the FIFA World Cup which took place from 31 May to 30 June 2002 in South Korea and Japan. This world cup set a number of precedents. It was the first World Cup to be held in Asia. No previous World Cup was held on a continent other than Europe or the Americas. It was also the first World Cup to be jointly hosted by more than one nation. Finally, this was the last event to use the golden goal rule. Brazil won the tournament for a record fifth time, winning the final against Germany 2 -- 0. The victory meant Brazil qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup for the fifth time, representing the World. In the third place play - off match against South Korea, Turkey won 3 -- 2 taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup finals. China PR, Ecuador, Senegal and Slovenia made their first appearances at the finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2008 World Cup (men's golf)", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Omega Mission Hills World Cup took place from 27 November to 30 November at Mission Hills Golf Club in Shenzhen, China. It was the 54th World Cup. 28 countries competed and each country sent two players. The team purse was $5,000,000 with $1,600,000 going to the winner. The Swedish team of Robert Karlsson and Henrik Stenson won the tournament. This was the second time that Sweden won the World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Argentina at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "This is a record of Argentina's results at the FIFA World Cup. Argentina is one of the most successful national football teams in the world, having won two World Cups in 1978 and 1986. Argentina has been runners up three times in 1930, 1990 and 2014. The team was present in all but four of the World Cups, being behind only Brazil, Italy and Germany in number of appearances. Argentina has also won the Copa América 14 times, one less than Uruguay. Moreover, Argentina has also won the Confederations Cup and the gold medal at the 2004 and 2008 Olympic football tournament. Prior to that, Argentina won two silver medals in the 1928 and 1996 editions. On other levels of international competition, Argentina has won the FIFA U-20 World Cup a record six times. The FIFA U-17 World Cup is the only FIFA international competition yet to be won by Argentina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the \"Super Eagles\", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Croatia national football team", "paragraph_text": "In spite of the quarter - final exit, Blažević continued to lead Croatia in the 1998 World Cup qualifying campaign, which ended successfully after an aggregate victory against Ukraine in the two - legged play - off. In the group stage of the World Cup, Croatia beat Jamaica and Japan but lost to Argentina, before defeating Romania to reach a quarter - final tie against Germany, then ranked second in the world. Croatia won 3 -- 0 with goals from Robert Jarni, Goran Vlaović and Davor Šuker, all after Christian Wörns had been sent off. Croatia then faced the host nation, France, in the semi-final. After a goalless first - half, Croatia took the lead, only to concede two goals by opposing defender Lilian Thuram and lose 1 -- 2. In the third - place match, Croatia beat the Netherlands 2 -- 1, with Davor Šuker winning the Golden Boot award for scoring the most goals of the tournament with six goals in seven games. Croatia's performance in 1998 was among the best debut performances in the World Cup (equaling Portugal's third place debut finish at the 1966 World Cup), and as a result, Croatia rose to number three in the January 1999 FIFA World Rankings, their highest ranking to date. For their achievements, the team of the 1990s was dubbed the ``Golden Generation. ''A considerable portion of this squad (Jarni, Štimac, Boban, Prosinečki and Šuker), previously won the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship with the Yugoslavia under - 20 team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "In Brazil, the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic. The Superior Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justiça) reviews State and Federal Circuit courts decisions for civil law and criminal law cases, when dealing with federal law or conflicting rulings. The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) reviews cases involving labour law. The Superior Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the court of last resort of electoral law, and also oversees general elections. The Superior Military Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Militar) is the highest court in matters of federal military law.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "England national football team", "paragraph_text": "England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain. The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title. The England team won their first and only World Cup title in 1966. The tournament was played on home soil and England defeated Germany 4–2 in the final. In 1990, England finished in fourth place, losing 2–1 to host nation Italy in the third place play-off after losing on penalties to champions Germany in the semi-final. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2002 and 2006. Previously, they reached this stage in 1954, 1962, 1970 and 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mexico national football team", "paragraph_text": "Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994, making it one of six countries to do so. The Mexico national team, along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World Cups. Along with Germany, Brazil, Italy, Argentina, France, Spain and Uruguay, Mexico is one of eight nations to have won two of the three most important football tournaments (the World Cup, Confederations Cup, and Summer Olympics), having won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "1950 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 1950 FIFA World Cup, held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950, was the fourth FIFA World Cup. It was the first World Cup since 1938, the planned 1942 and 1946 competitions having been cancelled due to World War II. It was won by Uruguay, who had won the inaugural competition in 1930. They clinched the cup by beating the hosts Brazil 2–1 in the deciding match of the four-team final group. This was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final. It was also the first tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup, to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet's presidency of FIFA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Liverpool F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Liverpool's first trophy was the Lancashire League, which it won in the club's first season. In 1901, the club won its first League title, while its first success in the FA Cup was in 1965. In terms of the number of trophies won, Liverpool's most successful decade was the 1980s, when the club won six League titles, two FA Cups, four League Cups, five Charity Shields (one shared) and two European Cups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Japan", "paragraph_text": "Baseball is currently the most popular spectator sport in the country. Japan's top professional league, now known as Nippon Professional Baseball, was established in 1936 and is widely considered to be the highest level of professional baseball in the world outside of the North American Major Leagues. Since the establishment of the Japan Professional Football League in 1992, association football has also gained a wide following. Japan was a venue of the Intercontinental Cup from 1981 to 2004 and co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup with South Korea. Japan has one of the most successful football teams in Asia, winning the Asian Cup four times. Also, Japan recently won the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2011. Golf is also popular in Japan, as are forms of auto racing like the Super GT series and Formula Nippon. The country has produced one NBA player, Yuta Tabuse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kabaddi in India", "paragraph_text": "India has won all six Kabaddi world cups played till now. Iran is the three times runner - up of world cups. All the world cups were held in India.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 64129, "question": "who won the most number of world cups", "answer": "Brazil", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 25092, "question": "What is the highest court in #1 ?", "answer": "Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jacksonville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hugh Cabot III", "paragraph_text": "Hugh Cabot III (March 22, 1930 – May 23, 2005) was an American artist. Best known for his oil paintings, he also worked with watercolor, pastels, graphite, charcoal, sculpture, and photography.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lonsdaleite", "paragraph_text": "Lonsdaleite (named in honour of Kathleen Lonsdale), also called hexagonal diamond in reference to the crystal structure, is an allotrope of carbon with a hexagonal lattice. In nature, it forms when meteorites containing graphite strike the Earth. The great heat and stress of the impact transforms the graphite into diamond, but retains graphite's hexagonal crystal lattice. Lonsdaleite was first identified in 1967 from the Canyon Diablo meteorite, where it occurs as microscopic crystals associated with diamond.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Climate of Islamabad", "paragraph_text": "The climate of Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classifion, with five seasons: Winter (Nov − Feb), Spring (March − April), Summer (May − June), Rainy Monsoon (July − August) and Autumn (September − October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 38 ° C (100.4 ° F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coolest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of − 3.9 ° C (25.0 ° F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 ° C (115.0 ° F) in June. The average low is 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 ° C (100.6 ° F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 ° C (115.7 ° F) in June, while the lowest temperature was − 4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rain fell in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years. Following is the weather observed over Islamabad Airport, which is actually located in Rawalpindi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Wendelstein 7-X", "paragraph_text": "The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) reactor is an experimental stellarator built in Greifswald, Germany, by the Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP), and completed in October 2015. Its purpose is to advance stellarator technology (first conceived by Lyman Spitzer) and though this experimental reactor will not produce electricity, it is used to evaluate the main components of a future fusion power plant; it was developed based on the predecessor Wendelstein 7-AS experimental reactor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Highest temperature recorded on Earth", "paragraph_text": "According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest confirmed air temperature on Earth was 56.7 ° C (134.1 ° F) in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in the Death Valley desert in the United States, on July 10, 1913. While measuring air temperature is standard, there are two other main ways that a temperature can be recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Uranium", "paragraph_text": "The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I, located at the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station near Arco, Idaho, became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity on 20 December 1951. Initially, four 150-watt light bulbs were lit by the reactor, but improvements eventually enabled it to power the whole facility (later, the town of Arco became the first in the world to have all its electricity come from nuclear power generated by BORAX-III, another reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory). The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956, and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dhruva reactor", "paragraph_text": "The Dhruva reactor is India's largest nuclear research reactor. Located in the Mumbai (Bombay) suburb of Trombay at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), it is India's primary generator of weapons-grade plutonium-bearing spent fuel for its nuclear weapons program. Originally named the R-5, this pool-type reactor first went critical on 8 August 1985 after 10 years of construction. However, the unit did not attain full power until 1988. The reactor experienced at least one serious accident when 4MT (four metric tons) of heavy water overflowed from the reactor core in 1985 following vibration problems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Climate of North Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Being 1,000 miles (1,609 km) from any large body of water (with the exception of Lake Superior), temperatures and precipitation in North Dakota can vary widely. North Dakota is far enough north to experience − 60 ° F (− 51 ° C) temperatures and blizzards during the winter months, but far enough south to experience 121 ° F (49 ° C) temperatures and tornado outbreaks in the summer. The 181 ° F degree (100 ° C) variation between North Dakota's highest and lowest temperature is the 3rd largest variation of any U.S. State, and the largest of any non-mountainous state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Dresden Generating Station", "paragraph_text": "Dresden Generating Station (also known as Dresden Nuclear Power Plant or Dresden Nuclear Power Station) is the first privately financed nuclear power plant built in the United States. Dresden 1 was activated in 1960 and retired in 1978. Operating since 1970 are Dresden units 2 and 3, two General Electric BWR-3 boiling water reactors. Dresden Station is located on a site in Grundy County, Illinois, at the head of the Illinois River, near the city of Morris. It is immediately northeast of the Morris Operation—the only de facto high-level radioactive waste storage site in the United States. It serves Chicago and the northern quarter of the state of Illinois, capable of producing 867 megawatts of electricity from each of its two reactors, enough to power over one million average American homes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nuclear fuel", "paragraph_text": "TRISO fuel particles were originally developed in the United Kingdom as part of the Dragon reactor project. The inclusion of the SiC as diffusion barrier was first suggested by D. T. Livey. The first nuclear reactor to use TRISO fuels was the Dragon reactor and the first powerplant was the THTR-300. Currently, TRISO fuel compacts are being used in the experimental reactors, the HTR-10 in China, and the High-temperature engineering test reactor in Japan. Spherical fuel elements utilizing a TRISO particle with a UO2 and UC solid solution kernel are being used in the Xe-100 in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having \"four seasons in one day\", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Phoenix, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Phoenix has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), typical of the Sonoran Desert. Phoenix has long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. The city is located within the sunniest region in the world. Measuring 3,872 hours of bright sunshine annually, Phoenix receives the most sunshine of any major city on Earth. Average high temperatures in summer are the hottest of any major city in the United States. On average, there are 107 days annually with a high of at least 100 ° F (38 ° C) including most days from late May through early October. Highs top 110 ° F (43 ° C) an average of 18 days during the year. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all - time recorded high of 122 ° F (50 ° C). Despite the city's claim to the most extreme heat in summer, however, it does not have the highest average annual temperature in the contiguous United States. In that respect, it comes second to Miami; Phoenix has an average daily temperature of 75 ° F (24 ° C), compared to Miami's 77 ° F (25 ° C).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor has a typically Midwestern humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), which is influenced by the Great Lakes. There are four distinct seasons: winters are cold with moderate to heavy snowfall, while summers are very warm and humid, and spring and autumn are short but mild. The area experiences lake effect weather, primarily in the form of increased cloudiness during late fall and early winter. The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 °F (22.6 °C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 °F (−4.2 °C). Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 10 days, and drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.6 nights. Precipitation tends to be the heaviest during the summer months, but most frequent during winter. Snowfall, which normally occurs from November to April but occasionally starts in October, averages 58 inches (147 cm) per season. The lowest recorded temperature was −23 °F (−31 °C) on 11 February 1885 and the highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on 24 July 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Istanbul", "paragraph_text": "Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings. Because of this, fog is very common, although more so in northern parts of the city and away from the city center. Dense fog disrupts transportation in the region, including on the Bosphorus, and is common during the autumn and winter months when the humidity remains high into the afternoon. The humid conditions and the fog tend to dissipate by midday during the summer months, but the lingering humidity exacerbates the moderately high summer temperatures. During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. The summer months also have the highest concentration of thunderstorms.Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 1–4 °C (34–39 °F). Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast, with the potential to be heavy and—as with the fog—disruptive to the city's infrastructure. Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south—sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city center on the Marmara coast are 40.5 °C (105 °F) and −16.1 °C (3 °F). The greatest rainfall recorded in a day is 227 millimeters (8.9 in), and the highest recorded snow cover is 80 centimeters (31 in).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Instrumental temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest - running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest - running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 15118, "question": "In what state is the X-10 Graphite Reactor located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 31263, "question": "Where was the highest known temperature in #1 recorded?", "answer": "Perryville", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Burger Chef", "paragraph_text": "In 1982, the General Foods Corporation, owners of the Burger Chef trademark and name, divested itself of the restaurant chain, gradually selling to the owners of Hardee's. The final restaurant to carry the Burger Chef name closed in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: Since January 1, 1995, smoking has been banned in all enclosed workplaces in California, including bars and restaurants (bars were excluded until January 1, 1998); these following areas were exempt until June 9, 2016: meeting and banquet rooms except while food or beverage functions are taking place (including set - up, service, and clean - up activities or when the room is being used for exhibit activities), retail or wholesale tobacco shops and private smokers lounges (i.e. cigar bars), truck cabs / tractors if no nonsmoking employees are present, theatrical production sites if smoking is an integral part of the story, medical research or treatment sites if smoking is integral to the research or treatment being conducted, private residences except homes licensed as family day care homes during the hours of operation and in those areas where children are present, and patient smoking areas in long - term health care facilities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1995, California was the first state to enact a statewide smoking ban; throughout the early to mid-2000s, especially between 2004 and 2007, an increasing number of states enacted a statewide smoking ban of some kind. As of July 2017, the most recent statewide smoking ban is North Dakota's, which was ratified by voters on November 6, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Smoking ban in England", "paragraph_text": "On 11 January 2006, the government further announced that it would give MPs a free vote on an amendment to the Health Bill, submitted by the Health select committee, to instigate a comprehensive smoke - free workplace regulations. Health Secretary Patricia Hewitt voted in favour of the amendment and, in so doing, voted against her own Department's then publicly stated policy (i.e. the proposed partial regulations). All other parties had offered free votes on the issue which was debated on 14 February, with three options: the present compromise, a total ban, or an exemption for members' clubs only.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Sidetrack Bar & Grill", "paragraph_text": "Sidetrack Bar and Grill is a restaurant on the east end of Depot Town in Ypsilanti, Michigan, at 56 East Cross Street. It is just down the road from Eastern Michigan University and is a popular hangout for students and faculty. Linda French, who has owned the restaurant since 1980, named it after “its unique location alongside the main railroad line from Detroit to Chicago.” The location has served as a restaurant, under different names, as far back as 1850. It has a large beer selection as well as liquor and wine and has won awards for its food.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hawksworth Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Hawksworth Restaurant, located in the Rosewood Hotel Georgia in Vancouver, British Columbia, is a fine-dining restaurant owned by chef David Hawksworth, the youngest chef to be inducted into the B.C. Restaurant Hall of Fame. The restaurant was named, \"Restaurant of the Year\" in 2012 by Macleans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Fat Duck", "paragraph_text": "On 31 March 2014, Heston Blumenthal announced he would be closing the restaurant for renovations for 6 months and temporarily relocating it with its entire team to Crown Towers, Melbourne, Australia. The restaurant will be called The Fat Duck for 6 months before being renamed Dinner by Heston Blumenthal. This will be the second restaurant with that name and will be Blumenthal's first restaurant outside of Britain, and his sixth in total. This temporary closure of the Bray location caused the restaurant to become ineligible for assessment for the 2016 Michelin Guide, thus losing its 3 - starred status which it regained the following year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "paragraph_text": "The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking. Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD. In the United States and United Kingdom, of those with COPD, 80–95% are either current or previous smokers. The likelihood of developing COPD increases with the total smoke exposure. Additionally, women are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoke than men. In non-smokers, exposure to second-hand smoke is the cause in up to 20% of cases. Other types of smoke, such as, marijuana, cigar, and water-pipe smoke, also confer a risk. Water-pipe smoke appears to be as harmful as smoking cigarettes. Problems from marijuana smoke may only be with heavy use. Women who smoke during pregnancy may increase the risk of COPD in their child. For the same amount of cigarette smoking, women have a higher risk of COPD than men.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Halo (bar)", "paragraph_text": "Halo was a high end gay bar located at 1435 P Street, NW in the Logan Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 2004 by Ed Bailey and John Guggenmos, Halo first gained attention by being one of the few smoke-free LGBT bars in Washington, D.C. before the citywide smoking ban was enacted in January 2007. Bailey and Guggenmos previously started other Washington, D.C. LGBT clubs and events including the Velvet Nation party at Nation, Tracks, Millennium at the , Ozone, and Cobalt. In 2007, Bailey and Guggenmos sold their remaining share of Halo to Babak Movahedi and opened Town Danceboutique on U Street, NW.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Houston's Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Houston's Restaurant is an upscale American casual dining restaurant chain, owned by Hillstone Restaurant Group, whose main corporate headquarters is in Beverly Hills, California. There are 51 Hillstone locations in 13 states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "WDBC", "paragraph_text": "WDBC (680 AM, \"The Information Authority\") is a radio station licensed to Escanaba, Michigan broadcasting a full-service format featuring news, talk and adult standards music.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Harry's Bar (Venice)", "paragraph_text": "Harry's Bar is, despite its name, mainly a restaurant located at Calle Vallaresso 1323, Venice, Italy, owned by Cipriani S.A..", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nicotine marketing", "paragraph_text": "In April 1970, President Nixon signed into law the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on 2 January 1971. The Virginia Slims brand was the last commercial shown, with ``a 60 - second revue from flapper to Female Lib '', shown at 11: 59 p.m. on 1 January during a break on The Tonight Show. Smokeless tobacco ads, on the other hand, remained on the air until a ban took effect on 28 August 1986. Even further restrictions took effect under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Effective 22 June 2010, the new regulations prohibit tobacco companies from sponsoring sports, music, and other cultural events. Also, tobacco companies can no longer display their logos or advertise their products on T - shirts, hats, or other apparel. Eventually, the law is planned to require almost all tobacco advertisements to consist of black text on a white background, but the constitutionality of that requirement has come under scrutiny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "El Pollo Loco", "paragraph_text": "El Pollo Loco, Inc. is a restaurant chain based in the United States, specializing in Mexican - style grilled chicken. Restaurant service consists of: dine - in, take - out, with some locations offering drive through options. The company is headquartered in Costa Mesa, California and operates over 400 (as of March 2014) company - owned and franchised restaurants in the Southwestern United States. ``El Pollo Loco ''is Spanish for`` The Crazy Chicken''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Restaurant ML", "paragraph_text": "Restaurant ML is a restaurant located in Haarlem, in the Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in the period 2011–present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Comprehensive Smoking Education Act", "paragraph_text": "The Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984 (also known as the Rotational Warning Act) is an act of the Congress of the United States. A national program established in order to improve the availability of information on health risks related to smoking, to amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act so that cigarette warning labels would be different, and for other reasons, the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act was enacted with a purpose to, as stated in Section 1 of the Act, \"provide a new strategy for making Americans more aware of any adverse health effects of smoking, to assure the timely and widespread dissemination of research findings and to enable individuals to make informed decisions about smoking\". Adopted by Congress in 1984 and effective October 12, 1984, the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act created a rotational warning system that required all cigarette packages and advertisements to rotate the following four warnings every three months:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ban Pha Tang", "paragraph_text": "Ban Pha Tang or Ban Phatang is a small town in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, north of Ban Pakpo, on the bank of the Nam Song River. From Ban Pha Tang, the road climbs steeply to Ban Phahom, Ban Thieng and Muang Kasi. Lonely Planet describes it as a \"pretty riverside village named after Pha Tang, a towering limestone cliff. The town's bridge offers a very photogenic view of its namesake.\" Phatang Resort lies to the south of the settlement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On May 1, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Jennifer Granholm on December 18, 2009, the Dr. Ron Davis Law took effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed, indoor workplaces in Michigan, as well as the outdoor patios of bars and restaurants. The law exempts only cigar bars, retail tobacco stores, private home offices, company vehicles including commercial trucks, and Detroit's three casinos' gambling floors. The law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though it prohibits state or local health departments from enacting any smoking rules different than the law. In December 2011, a judge dismissed fines against a Warren, Michigan bar owner who had claimed that his bar's Keno machines classified his establishment as a casino exempt from the ban.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Keg", "paragraph_text": "The Keg is a Canadian - owned chain of steakhouse restaurants and bars located in Canada and the United States. The original ``The Keg and Cleaver ''restaurant was founded by George Tidball, in 1971, at a location in North Vancouver, British Columbia. By February 2018, The Keg had expanded to 160 locations in Canada and the United States, when Canadian food industry giant Cara Operations (now known as Recipe Unlimited) purchased the chain for $200 million, from then owners David Aisenstat (49%) and Fairfax Financial (51%). Aisenstat had been the sole owner from 1997 until 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Rosenbad", "paragraph_text": "Rosenbad is located on \"Strömgatan\" on the north side of the river Norrström. It was designed by Art Nouveau architect Ferdinand Boberg, and completed in 1902. It originally housed a variety of functions, including a restaurant (until 1956) of the same name.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130402, "question": "What is the name of the state where WDBC is located?", "answer": "Michigan", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 63191, "question": "when was smoking banned in restaurants in #1", "answer": "May 1, 2010", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Daniel Dunklin", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Dunklin (January 14, 1790 – August 25, 1844) was the fifth Governor of Missouri, serving from 1832 to 1836. He also served as the state's third Lieutenant Governor. Dunklin is considered the \"Father of Public Schools\" in Missouri. Dunklin was also the father-in-law of Missouri Lieutenant Governor Franklin Cannon. Dunklin County, in the Missouri bootheel, is named so in his honor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to determine the governor and lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It will occur concurrently with the election of Wisconsin's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Walter H. Dalton", "paragraph_text": "Walter H. Dalton (born May 21, 1949) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 33rd Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina. A member of the Democratic Party, he served six terms in the state senate before his election to the office of lieutenant governor in 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Highline Big Picture", "paragraph_text": "Highline Big Picture is a small school in the Highline School District in SeaTac, Washington, that is part of a network of Big Picture schools all over the United States. The high school opened 2005 with 2009 being the first year with a graduating class. At Highline Big Picture the 9th graders are called 101's, 10th graders 201's, 11th graders 301's and 12th graders 401's. Highline Big Picture, as part of the Big Picture Network, practices Learning Through Internships or LTI. On Tuesdays and Thursdays students go to internships in their field of interest. The school currently consists of 120 students. On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays students attend one class a day which contains, at most, 17 students. These classes are called an advisory.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Highline Botanical Garden", "paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Francis Fauquier", "paragraph_text": "Francis Fauquier (1703 – 3 March 1768) was a lieutenant governor of Virginia Colony (in what is today the United States), and served as acting governor from 1758 until his death in 1768. He was married to Catherine Dalston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of governors of Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Governor of Mississippi Arms of the state of Mississippi Incumbent Phil Bryant since January 10, 2012 Style Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal) Status Head of State Head of Government Residence Mississippi Governor's Mansion Term length Four years, renewable once Inaugural holder David Holmes Formation Constitution of Mississippi Succession Every four years, unless reelected Deputy Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi Salary $122,160 (2013)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Archie H. Miller", "paragraph_text": "Miller was born in Hopkins, Minnesota. He served as a state senator from 1931 to 1943, and became Lieutenant Governor after Edward John Thye resigned to become Governor. He served from May 6, 1943 to January 2, 1945.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Texas", "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate of Texas Seal of the Lieutenant Governor Incumbent Dan Patrick since January 20, 2015 Style The Honorable Term length Four years, no term limits Inaugural holder Albert Clinton Horton 1846 Formation Texas Constitution Website Office of the Lieutenant Governor", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "John Shelton Wilder", "paragraph_text": "John Shelton Wilder (June 3, 1921 – January 1, 2010) was an American politician who was the 48th Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee for 36 years from January 1971 to January 2007, when he was defeated, possibly the longest time anyone has served as Lieutenant Governor or a similar position in the history of the United States. He was a Tennessee state senator from 1959 to 1961 and again from 1967 to 2009. Tennesseans do not elect their lieutenant governor; rather, the Speaker of the Senate, who is first in the line of succession to the governor, is granted the title by statute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "1856 New York state election", "paragraph_text": "The 1856 New York state election was held on November 4, 1856, to elect the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Eugene C. Keyes", "paragraph_text": "Eugene C. Keyes (August 23, 1900 – 1963) was a lieutenant governor in the US state of Michigan from 1943 to 1945 and again from 1947 to 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Age of candidacy", "paragraph_text": "35 to be the President or Vice President, Governor and Lieutenant - Governor of the States as specified in the Constitution of India", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cyrus Habib", "paragraph_text": "Cyrus Habib (born August 22, 1981) is an American politician, lawyer, and professor who is the 16th and current Lieutenant Governor of Washington. As such, he also serves as President of the Washington State Senate. He has been fully blind since he lost his eyesight to cancer at age eight.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "George L. Walton", "paragraph_text": "George L. Walton (1850-1941) was President of the Louisiana State Senate and Acting Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana from 1881 to 1884 serving under Governor Samuel D. McEnery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina is the second - in - command to the Governor of South Carolina. The Lieutenant Governor serves as the President of the South Carolina Senate and ascends to the office of Governor should it become vacant. The office of Lieutenant Governor is a part - time position and is currently occupied by Kevin L. Bryant since January 25, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Governor of Texas", "paragraph_text": "Despite the lack of term limits, no Texas governor in the 19th or 20th centuries ever served more than seven and a half consecutive years in office (Allan Shivers) or eight years total service (Bill Clements, in two non-consecutive four - year terms). Former Governor Rick Perry, who served from 2000 to 2015, has now surpassed both these records, becoming the first Texas governor to serve three consecutive terms. When Perry won the general election on November 2, 2010, he joined Shivers, Price Daniel, and John Connally as the only Texas governors elected to three terms (the terms served by Governors Shivers, Daniel, and Connally were 2 year terms). In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. This rule was added only in a 1999 amendment, prior to which the lieutenant governor only acted as governor, except during the time of the 1861 constitution, which said that the lieutenant governor would be styled ``Governor of the State of Texas ''in case of vacancy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Russell McWhortor Cunningham", "paragraph_text": "Russell McWhortor Cunningham (August 25, 1855 – June 6, 1921) was an American Democratic politician who was the acting Governor of Alabama from April 25, 1904 to March 5, 1905. He was lieutenant governor when Governor William D. Jelks fell ill and left the state for treatment, and since the Alabama Constitution requires that if the governor leave the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor must act as governor until their return.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Osbert Potter", "paragraph_text": "Osbert Potter (born May 8, 1956 in Tortola, British Virgin Islands) served as the 11th Lieutenant Governor of the United States Virgin Islands, from 2015 to 2019.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131418, "question": "Which state is Highline Big Picture located?", "answer": "Washington", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 80482, "question": "who is the current lieutenant governor of #1", "answer": "Cyrus Habib", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Treaty of Paris (1763)", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Paris is frequently noted as the point at which France gave Louisiana to Spain. The transfer, however, occurred with the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) but was not publicly announced until 1764. The Treaty of Paris was to give Britain the east side of the Mississippi (including Baton Rouge, Louisiana, which was to be part of the British territory of West Florida). New Orleans on the east side remained in French hands (albeit temporarily). The Mississippi River corridor in what is modern day Louisiana was to be reunited following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the Adams -- Onís Treaty in 1819.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "John Jay", "paragraph_text": "John Jay (December 23, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American statesman, patriot, diplomat, Founding Father of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–1795). He directed U.S. foreign policy for much of the 1780s and was an important leader of the Federalist Party after the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bryan Health", "paragraph_text": "Bryan Health (formerly BryanLGH Health System) is a not-for-profit healthcare organization located in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. The system operates an acute-care hospital, several outpatient clinics and a College of Health Sciences, as well as a physician network and a heart institute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "American Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Continental Army forced the redcoats out of Boston in March 1776, but that summer the British captured and held New York City and its strategic harbor for the duration of the war. The Royal Navy blockaded ports and captured other cities for brief periods, but they failed to defeat Washington's forces. The Patriots unsuccessfully attempted to invade Canada during the winter of 1775 -- 76, but successfully captured a British army at the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777. France now entered the war as an ally of the United States with a large army and navy that threatened Britain itself. The war turned to the American South where the British under the leadership of Charles Cornwallis captured an army at Charleston, South Carolina in early 1780 but failed to enlist enough volunteers from Loyalist civilians to take effective control of the territory while fighting partisans. A combined American -- French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in the fall of 1781, effectively ending the war in North America. The Treaty of Paris, signed September 3, 1783, formally ended the conflict, confirming the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire. The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "British America", "paragraph_text": "British America gained large amounts of new territory following the Treaty of Paris (1763) which ended British involvement in the Seven Years' War. At the start of the American War of Independence in 1775, the British Empire included twenty colonies north and east of New Spain (present - day areas of Mexico and the Western United States). East and West Florida were ceded to Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1783) which ended the American Revolution, and then ceded by Spain to the United States in 1819. The remaining continental colonies of British North America formed the Dominion of Canada by uniting between 1867 and 1873. The Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Care Ambulance Service", "paragraph_text": "Care was founded by Carl Richardson as a one-ambulance operation in 1969. The company continues to be operated by the Richardson family and is now run by Carl's sons, Dan and Rick. Care received national accreditation in 1993 from the Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services certifying that it exceeds the basic standards required for state licensing as an ambulance service. In 2011, Care Ambulance was acquired by Falck USA. Falck has the world’s largest international ambulance fleet, and is the third largest ambulance provider in the United States. In 2015, Care was awarded a contract to serve 12 new Orange County cities following a controversial bidding process that the \"Orange County Register\" called \"long and troubled\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Children's of Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Children's of Alabama is a pediatric health system in Birmingham, Alabama. The system's main hospital is located on the city's Southside, with additional outpatient facilities and primary care centers throughout central Alabama. The addition of the Benjamin Russell Hospital for Children to the main campus created the 'Russell campus', and makes it the third largest children's hospital in the United States. It is home to the University of Alabama at Birmingham's pediatric residency program, giving it some traits of a teaching hospital. The hospital was founded in 1911.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pacte de Famille", "paragraph_text": "The third Family Compact was made on 15 August 1761 by King Charles III of Spain and Louis XV in the Treaty of Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Adams–Onís Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Under Article 2, the U.S. received ownership of Spanish Florida (British East Florida and West Florida 1763 -- 1783). Under Article 3, the U.S. relinquished its own claims on parts of Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Cambridge Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "Cambridge Medical Center is a regional health care facility providing comprehensive health care services to more than 30,000 residents in Isanti County, Minnesota, United States. The medical center comprises a multi-specialty clinic and an 86-bed hospital located on one campus. A same day clinic, retail pharmacy, therapy center and eye care center are also located in the facility.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "McKenzie-Willamette Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "McKenzie-Willamette Medical Center is an acute care hospital located in Springfield, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1955, it serves the Lane County area. McKenzie-Willamette is investor-owned, and accredited by the Joint Commission. Licensed for 114 hospital beds, the facility was the only hospital in Springfield until the Sacred Heart facility at RiverBend opened in August 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City. A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents. HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969). It is similar to a municipal agency but has a Board of Directors. HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals. It is the largest hospital system in Europe. It provides health care, teaching, research, prevention, education and emergency medical service in 52 branches of medicine. The hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "American Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Continental Army forced the British out of Boston in 1776, but the British captured and held New York City for the duration of the war. The British blockaded ports and captured other cities for brief periods, but they failed to defeat Washington's forces. The Patriots unsuccessfully attempted to invade Canada during the winter of 1775 -- 76, but they captured a British army at the Battle of Saratoga in late 1777, and the French entered the war as allies of the United States as a result. The war later turned to the American South where the British under the leadership of Charles Cornwallis captured an army at South Carolina but failed to enlist enough volunteers from Loyalist civilians to take effective control of the territory. A combined American -- French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in 1781, effectively ending the war in the United States. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the conflict, confirming the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire. The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Misericordia Community Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Misericordia Community Hospital is an acute care hospital located in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The Misericordia is home to the Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine (iRSM), a facility for reconstruction of the face, head and neck.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "London Health Sciences Centre", "paragraph_text": "London Health Sciences Centre is a hospital network in London, Ontario and is collectively one of Canada's largest acute-care teaching hospitals. It was formed in 1995 as a result of the merger of University Hospital and Victoria Hospital. In affiliation with the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry at the University of Western Ontario, it trains more than 1,800 medical and care professionals annually. It operates two hospital facilities, University Hospital and Victoria Hospital which includes the Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Devon General Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Devon General Hospital is a 21-bed acute care and continuing care facility in Devon, Alberta. There are 9 acute, 10 continuing, and 2 respite beds. The hospital provides 24-hour emergency services, as well as laboratory and radiology services.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Province of Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Province of Pennsylvania Colony of England (1681 -- 1707) Colony of Great Britain (1707 -- 76) 1681 -- 1783 Flag Coat of arms A map of the Province of Pennsylvania. Capital Philadelphia Languages English, Pennsylvania German, Welsh, Unami, Susquehannock, Munsee Government Proprietary colony, Semi-autonomous Constitutional monarchy Monarch 1681 -- 1685 Charles II 1685 -- 1688 James II 1689 -- 1702 (Mary died 1694) William III & Mary II 1702 -- 1714 Anne 1714 -- 1727 George I 1727 -- 1760 George II 1760 -- 1776 George III Royal Governor 1681 -- 1783 List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania Legislature Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly History Land grant to William Penn March 4, 1681 Treaty of Paris (1783) September 3, 1783 Currency Pound sterling, Spanish dollar Succeeded by Pennsylvania Today part of United States", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Legacy Meridian Park Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "Legacy Meridian Park Medical Center, formerly Legacy Meridian Park Hospital, is an acute care hospital in Tualatin, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1973, it is operated by Legacy Health System. The facility is licensed for 150 beds, but operates only 128. Located in Clackamas County along the boundary with Washington County, it employs over 800 people and is Tualatin’s second largest employer.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 60542, "question": "who controlled florida in the aftermath of the 1783 treaty of paris", "answer": "the U.S.", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 12068, "question": "What is the third largest acute care center in the #1 ?", "answer": "Triumph Healthcare", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Battle of Franklin (1864)", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin -- Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield and was unable to break through or to prevent Schofield from a planned, orderly withdrawal to Nashville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "In function and effectiveness, the UN has been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government by some[citation needed], giving a comparison between modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "First Battle of Bull Run", "paragraph_text": "Just months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter, the Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, which was expected to bring an early end to the rebellion. Yielding to political pressure, Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard camped near Manassas Junction. McDowell's ambitious plan for a surprise flank attack on the Confederate left was poorly executed by his officers and men; nevertheless, the Confederates, who had been planning to attack the Union left flank, found themselves at an initial disadvantage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Constitution of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was the first constitution of the United States. It was drafted by the Second Continental Congress from mid-1776 through late - 1777, and ratification by all 13 states was completed by early 1781. Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government's power was quite limited. The Confederation Congress could make decisions, but lacked enforcement powers. Implementation of most decisions, including modifications to the Articles, required unanimous approval of all thirteen state legislatures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Virginia Plan", "paragraph_text": "The Virginia Plan proposed a legislative branch consisting of two chambers (bicameral legislature), with the dual principles of rotation in office and recall applied to the lower house of the national legislature. Each of the states would be represented in proportion to their ``Quotas of contribution, or to the number of free inhabitants. ''States with a large population, like Virginia (which was the most populous state at the time), would thus have more representatives than smaller states. Large states supported this plan, and smaller states generally opposed it, preferring an alternative put forward on June 15. The New Jersey Plan proposed a single - chamber legislature in which each state, regardless of size, would have one vote, as under the Articles of Confederation. In the end, the convention settled on the Connecticut Compromise, creating a House of Representatives apportioned by population and a Senate in which each state is equally represented.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "In 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street. By 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Articles of Confederation", "paragraph_text": "The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12, 1776, and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilson’s mission to \"make the world safe for democracy\" changed all this. They were often backed by military force, but were more often affected from behind the scenes. This is consistent with the general notion of hegemony and imperium of historical empires. In 1898, Americans who opposed imperialism created the Anti-Imperialist League to oppose the US annexation of the Philippines and Cuba. One year later, a war erupted in the Philippines causing business, labor and government leaders in the US to condemn America's occupation in the Philippines as they also denounced them for causing the deaths of many Filipinos. American foreign policy was denounced as a \"racket\" by Smedley Butler, an American general. He said, \"Looking back on it, I might have given Al Capone a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts. I operated on three continents\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Articles of Confederation", "paragraph_text": "The Articles formed a war - time confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. While unratified, the document was used by the Congress to conduct business, direct the American Revolutionary War, conduct diplomacy with foreign nations, and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations. The adoption of the Articles made few perceptible changes in the federal government, because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing. That body was renamed the Congress of the Confederation; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress, since its organization remained the same.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Articles of Confederation", "paragraph_text": "The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The central government established by the Articles received only those powers which the former colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The drafting of the Constitution of the United States began on May 25, 1787, when the Constitutional Convention met for the first time with a quorum at the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation, and ended on September 17, 1787, the day the Constitution drafted by the convention's delegates to replace the Articles was adopted and signed. The ratification process for the Constitution began that day, and ended when the final state, Rhode Island, ratified it on May 29, 1790. In addition to key events during the Constitutional Convention and afterward while the Constitution was before the states for their ratification, this timeline includes important events that occurred during the run - up to the convention and during the nation's transition from government under the Articles of Confederation to government under the Constitution, and concludes with the unique ratification vote of Vermont, which at the time was a sovereign state outside the Union. The time span covered is 5 years, 9 months, from March 25, 1785 to January 10, 1791.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Articles of Confederation", "paragraph_text": "The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Several prominent Founders are notable for not participating in the Constitutional Convention. Thomas Jefferson was abroad, serving as the minister to France (nonetheless, Jefferson, in a letter to John Adams, would describe the delegates approvingly as a gathering of ``demi - gods ''). John Adams was in Britain, serving as minister to that country, but he wrote home to encourage the delegates. Patrick Henry refused to participate because he`` smelt a rat in Philadelphia, tending toward the monarchy.'' Also absent were John Hancock and Samuel Adams. Many of the states' older and more experienced leaders may have simply been too busy with the local affairs of their states to attend the Convention, which had originally been planned to strengthen the existing Articles of Confederation, not to write a constitution for a completely new national government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lola Sánchez (Confederate spy)", "paragraph_text": "Lola Sánchez (1844 – 1895) was one of three sisters who became spies for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Sánchez became upset when their father was falsely accused of being a Confederate spy by the members of the Union Army and imprisoned. Officers of the Union Army then occupied the Sánchez residence in Palatka, Florida. On one occasion Sánchez overheard various officers’ planning a raid and decided to alert the Confederates forces. She informed Captain John Jackson Dickison, commander of the local Confederates forces, of the plan. The result of her actions was that the Confederate forces surprised the Union troops in an ambush and captured the USS Columbine, a Union warship, on the day of the supposed raid in the \"Battle of Horse Landing\". This was one of the few instances in which a Union warship was captured by land-based Confederate forces during the Civil War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Hangover Part II", "paragraph_text": "It tells the story of Phil, Stu, Alan, and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu's wedding. After the bachelor party in Las Vegas, Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe, subdued pre-wedding brunch. Things do not go as planned, resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The following is a timeline of the drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution. The drafting of the Constitution began on May 25, 1787, when the Constitutional Convention met for the first time with a quorum at the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, and ended on September 17, 1787, the day the Constitution drafted by the convention's delegates to replace the Articles was adopted and signed. The ratification process for the Constitution began that day, and ended when the final state, Rhode Island, ratified it on May 29, 1790. In addition to key events during the Constitutional Convention and afterward while the Constitution was before the states for their ratification, this timeline includes important events that occurred during the run - up to the convention and during the nation's transition from government under the Articles of Confederation to government under the Constitution, and concludes with the unique ratification vote of Vermont, which at the time was a sovereign state outside the Union. The time span covered is 5 years, 9 months, from March 25, 1785 to January 10, 1791.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "History of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The United States Constitution was written in 1787 during the Philadelphia Convention. The old Congress set the rules the new government followed in terms of writing and ratifying the new constitution. After ratification in eleven states, in 1789 its elected officers of government assembled in New York City, replacing the Articles of Confederation government. The original Constitution has been amended twenty - seven times. The meaning of the Constitution is interpreted and extended by judicial review in the federal courts. The original parchment copies are on display at the National Archives Building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Article Six of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Article Six of the United States Constitution establishes the laws and treaties of the United States made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement for holding a governmental position and holds the United States under the Constitution responsible for debts incurred by the United States under the Articles of Confederation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Articles of Confederation", "paragraph_text": "Articles of Confederation Page I of the Articles of Confederation Created November 15, 1777 Ratified March 1, 1781 Location National Archives Author (s) Continental Congress Signatories Continental Congress Purpose First constitution for the United States; replaced by the current United States Constitution on September 13, 1788", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 82884, "question": "who was the articles of confederation written for", "answer": "the United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 42204, "question": "How did the #1 plan to subdue imperialistic tendencies?", "answer": "policies such as the Monroe Doctrine", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Belgium", "paragraph_text": "The Spa-Francorchamps motor-racing circuit hosts the Formula One World Championship Belgian Grand Prix. The Belgian driver, Jacky Ickx, won eight Grands Prix and six 24 Hours of Le Mans and finished twice as runner-up in the Formula One World Championship. Belgium also has a strong reputation in, motocross with the rider Stefan Everts. Sporting events annually held in Belgium include the Memorial Van Damme athletics competition, the Belgian Grand Prix Formula One, and a number of classic cycle races such as the Tour of Flanders and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. The 1920 Summer Olympics were held in Antwerp. The 1977 European Basketball Championship was held in Liège and Ostend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 5th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from 10 March to 12 March 1995. Almost 600 athletes from 131 nations participated in 27 events.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "1966 European Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw", "paragraph_text": "The women's javelin throw at the 1966 European Athletics Championships was held in Budapest, Hungary, at Népstadion on 2 and 3 September 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "World's Columbian Exposition", "paragraph_text": "It included carnival rides, among them the original Ferris Wheel, built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr... This wheel was 264 feet (80 m) high and had 36 cars, each of which could accommodate 40 people. The importance of the Columbian Exposition is highlighted by the use of rueda de Chicago (``Chicago wheel '') in many Latin American countries such as Costa Rica and Chile in reference to the Ferris wheel. One attendee, George C. Tilyou, later credited the sights he saw on the Chicago midway for inspiring him to create America's first major amusement park, Steeplechase Park in Coney Island, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Anastasiya Mokhnyuk", "paragraph_text": "Anastasiya Mokhnyuk (, born 1 January 1991) is a Ukrainian athlete who specialises in the heptathlon. She competed in the heptathlon event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China. She won the silver medal in the pentathlon at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2007 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 200 metres", "paragraph_text": "These are the official results of the men's 200 metres event at the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Osaka, Japan. There were a total number of 49 participating athletes, with six qualifying heats and the final held on Thursday August 30. This event is notable for being one of the two solo World Championship events in which Usain Bolt has been beaten as of July 2017, the other event being men's 200 metres in 2005 World Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Diamond and Flower Ferris Wheel", "paragraph_text": "When completed in 2001, it was the world's second tallest Ferris wheel. It was also the tallest Ferris wheel ever built in Japan, but was surpassed the following year by the Sky Dream Fukuoka. However, the Fukuoka wheel closed in September 2009, and the Kasai Rinkai Park wheel once again became Japan's tallest operational Ferris wheel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Anzhela Balakhonova", "paragraph_text": "Anzhela Anatoliyivna Balakhonova (, born December 18, 1972) is a retired female pole vaulter from Ukraine who won the silver medal at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics. She held the European record, and formerly held the world indoor record. She finished 6th at the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)", "paragraph_text": "A Ferris wheel is a non-building structure, consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas attached to the rim. Opened on June 21, 1893 at the Chicago World's Fair, the original Ferris Wheel was invented two years earlier by the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania bridge - builder George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. in 1891.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "1966 European Athletics Championships – Men's 50 kilometres walk", "paragraph_text": "The men's 50 kilometres race walk at the 1966 European Athletics Championships was held in Budapest, Hungary, on 3 September 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "London Eye", "paragraph_text": "London Eye London Eye Alternative names Millennium Wheel General information Status Complete Type Ferris wheel Location Lambeth, London Address Riverside Building, County Hall, Westminster Bridge Road Country United Kingdom Coordinates 51 ° 30 ′ 12 ''N 0 ° 07 ′ 10'' W  /  51.5033 ° N 0.1194 ° W  / 51.5033; - 0.1194 Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 12 ''N 0 ° 07 ′ 10'' W  /  51.5033 ° N 0.1194 ° W  / 51.5033; - 0.1194 Completed March 2000 Opened 31 December 1999 (ceremonial, without passengers) 1 February 2000 (first passengers carried) 9 March 2000 (opened to general public) Cost £70 million Owner Merlin Entertainments Height 135 metres (443 ft) Diameter 120 metres (394 ft) Design and construction Architect Frank Anatole Nic Bailey Julia Barfield Steve Chilton Malcolm Cook David Marks Mark Sparrowhawk Architecture firm Marks Barfield Structural engineer Arup Other designers Babtie Allott & Lomax (checking engineer) Tony Gee (foundations) Awards and prizes Institution of Structural Engineers Special Award 2001 Website www.londoneye.com", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2017 World Championships in Athletics", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 IAAF World Championships was the 16th edition of the global athletics competition organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations and was held in London from 4 to 13 August 2017. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held in Birmingham, United Kingdom on 11 October 2009. It was the final event of the International Association of Athletics Federations' 2009 World Athletics Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1979 World Taekwondo Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 1979 World Taekwondo Championships are the 4th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Sindelfingen, Stuttgart, West Germany from October 26 to October 28, 1979. A total of 453 athletes and officials from 38 nations took part in the championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ferris wheel", "paragraph_text": "The 135 m (443 ft) London Eye, typically described as a ``giant Ferris wheel ''by the media, has ovoidal externally mounted motorised capsules and is the`` world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel'' according to its operators, who claim ``The London Eye is often mistakenly called a Ferris wheel. This is not the case: first, the passenger capsules are completely enclosed and are climate controlled; secondly, the capsules are positioned on the outside of the wheel structure and are fully motorised; and third, the entire structure is supported by an A-frame on one side only. ''However the Singapore Flyer subsequently billed itself as the`` world's largest observation wheel'', despite being supported on both sides, and the official londoneye.com website also refers to the London Eye as ``Europe's tallest Ferris wheel ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Great Berlin Wheel", "paragraph_text": "The Great Berlin Wheel was a giant Ferris wheel to be built near the Berlin Zoological Garden (Zoologischer Garten Berlin) in Berlin, Germany, by the Great Wheel Corporation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Kati Luoto", "paragraph_text": "Kati Luoto is a Finnish strength athlete who is foremost known as the winner of the United Strongmen Women's World Championships held in 2013 and seven times Finland's Strongest Woman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1966 European Athletics Championships – Women's long jump", "paragraph_text": "The women's long jump at the 1966 European Athletics Championships was held in Budapest, Hungary, at Népstadion on 2 and 3 September 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was the 14th edition of the global-level indoor track and field competition and was held between March 9–11, 2012 at the Ataköy Athletics Arena in Istanbul, Turkey. It was the first of four IAAF World Athletics Series events in 2012, which includes the World Race Walking Cup, the World Junior Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Foote Field", "paragraph_text": "Foote Field is a multi-purpose sports facility on the University of Alberta campus in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, built as a legacy facility for the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. It was named for University of Alberta alumnus, former varsity track athlete, and philanthropist Eldon Foote, who donated $2 million toward the construction costs.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 68615, "question": "where are the world athletic championships being held", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 75255, "question": "when was the ferris wheel in #1 built", "answer": "March 2000", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[ "2000" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "FGM was outlawed in the UK by the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, which made it an offence to perform FGM on children or adults. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)", "paragraph_text": "The Benedictus (also Song of Zechariah or Canticle of Zachary), given in Gospel of Luke 1: 68 - 79, is one of the three canticles in the opening chapters of this Gospel, the other two being the ``Magnificat ''and the`` Nunc dimittis''. The Benedictus was the song of thanksgiving uttered by Zechariah on the occasion of the circumcision of his son, John the Baptist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of circumcision", "paragraph_text": "Infant circumcision was taken up in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the English - speaking parts of Canada. Although it is difficult to determine historical circumcision rates, one estimate of infant circumcision rates in the United States holds that 30% of newborn American boys were being circumcised in 1900, 55% in 1925, and 72% in 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone", "paragraph_text": "\"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" is a 1968 song written and recorded by Buck Owens. \"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" was the last of eight number ones on the country chart in a row for Buck Owens. The single spent a single week at number one and a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. The song is still performed at the Country Bear Jamboree attraction at certain Disney parks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Back in Baby's Arms", "paragraph_text": "Back in Baby's Arms is the thirteenth studio album by American country artist Connie Smith. The album was released in October 1969 and was produced by Bob Ferguson. It was Smith's third and final album released in 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Circumcision", "paragraph_text": "Evidence suggests that circumcision was practiced in the Arabian Peninsula by the 4th millennium BCE, when the Sumerians and the Semites moved into the area that is modern-day Iraq. The earliest historical record of circumcision comes from Egypt, in the form of an image of the circumcision of an adult carved into the tomb of Ankh-Mahor at Saqqara, dating to about 2400–2300 BCE. Circumcision was done by the Egyptians possibly for hygienic reasons, but also was part of their obsession with purity and was associated with spiritual and intellectual development. No well-accepted theory explains the significance of circumcision to the Egyptians, but it appears to have been endowed with great honor and importance as a rite of passage into adulthood, performed in a public ceremony emphasizing the continuation of family generations and fertility. It may have been a mark of distinction for the elite: the Egyptian Book of the Dead describes the sun god Ra as having circumcised himself.Though secular scholars consider the story to be literary and not historical, circumcision features prominently in the Hebrew Bible. The narrative in Genesis chapter 17 describes the circumcision of Abraham and his relatives and slaves. In the same chapter, Abraham's descendants are commanded to circumcise their sons on the eighth day of life as part of a covenant with God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Greg Berg -- Baby Fozzie, Baby Scooter, Dr. Julius Strangepork (archive footage, ep. 107) Barbara Billingsley -- Nanny Dave Coulier (1986 -- 1991) -- Baby Animal, Baby Bunsen, Baby Bean Bunny, Baby Janice, Uncle Statler and Waldorf, Camilla (occasionally), Himself (ep. 91) Katie Leigh -- Baby Rowlf, Mrs. Mitchell Howie Mandel (1984 -- 1985) -- Baby Skeeter, Baby Animal, Baby Bunsen Laurie O'Brien -- Baby Piggy Russi Taylor -- Baby Gonzo, Baby Robin, Aunt Fanny, and Camilla (occasionally) Frank Welker -- Baby Kermit, Baby Beaker, Baby Skeeter (1986 -- 1991), Camilla, Irma / Charlie (ep. 12), The Chief Inspector of Scotland Yard (ep. 31), Polly the parrot (ep. 38), Adult Kermit (looped dialogue, ep. 45), Bosko the Snowman (ep. 100)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "\"Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye\" is a song written by Tony Martin and Troy Martin, and recorded by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in December 1988 as the first single from the album \"Beyond the Blue Neon\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Here Comes My Baby (Dottie West song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Here Comes My Baby\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West. It was released in June 1964 as the first single and title track from the album \"Here Comes My Baby\". West wrote the song with her then-husband Bill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rock You Baby", "paragraph_text": "\"Rock You Baby\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in January 2003 as the third single released from his 2003 album \"Unleashed\". The song peaked at number 13 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in March 2003. Keith wrote this song with Scotty Emerick.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Prevalence of circumcision", "paragraph_text": "The prevalence of circumcision is the percentage of males in a given population who have been circumcised. The rates vary widely by country, from 1% in Japan, to 2% in Spain and Sweden, to 58% in the United States, to more than 80% in Muslim - majority countries. Worldwide it is estimated that 25% to 33% of males are circumcised, by various sources.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Babel (film)", "paragraph_text": "Stranded without food and water, Amelia and the children are forced to spend the night in the desert. Realizing that they will all die if she cannot get help, Amelia leaves the children behind to find someone, ordering them not to move. She eventually finds a US Border Patrol officer. After he places Amelia under arrest, she and the officer travel back to where she had left the children, but they are not there. Amelia is taken back to a Border Patrol station, where she is eventually informed that the children have been found and that Richard, while outraged, has agreed not to press charges. However, she is told she will be deported from the US where she has been working illegally. Her plea that she has been in the US for 16 years and has looked after the children (whom she considers \"her children\") for their entire lives does not secure lenient treatment. Amelia meets her son on the Mexican side of the Tijuana crossing, still in the red dress she wore for the wedding, now torn and dirty from her time in the desert.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Stefan Nystrom", "paragraph_text": "Stefan Nystrom was a long-time resident of Australia who was deported to Sweden in 2006. He won a landmark decision at the United Nations in 2011, establishing that non-citizens may also have the right to enter a country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dirty Dancing", "paragraph_text": "In the summer of 1963, 17 - year - old Frances ``Baby ''Houseman (Jennifer Grey) is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's, a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby is the younger of two daughters, and plans to attend Mount Holyoke College to study economics in underdeveloped countries and then enter the Peace Corps. Her father, Jake (Jerry Orbach), is the doctor and friend of Max Kellerman (Jack Weston), the resort proprietor. Baby is befriended by Max's grandson Neil (Lonny Price). Baby develops a crush on the resort's dance instructor, Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze). Johnny is the leader of the resort's working - class entertainment staff. Baby encounters Johnny's cousin Billy on a walk through the resort grounds, and helps him carry watermelons to the staff quarters. The staff hold secret after - hours parties in their quarters, and Baby is surprised by the`` dirty dancing'' they engage in. Intrigued, Baby receives a brief, impromptu dance lesson from Johnny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Islam in India", "paragraph_text": "Country Population Percentage Indonesia 225,000,000 12.65% Pakistan 204,097,000 11.00% India 189,000,000 10.97% Bangladesh 148,607,000 9.18% Egypt 80,024,000 4.94% World 1,619,300,000 100%", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by refugee ships such as the SS Walnut. On 12 January 1949, the Soviet Council of Ministers issued a decree \"on the expulsion and deportation\" from Baltic states of \"all kulaks and their families, the families of bandits and nationalists\", and others.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Covenant (biblical)", "paragraph_text": "The covenant found in Genesis 12 -- 17 is known as the Brit bein HaBetarim, the ``Covenant Between the Parts ''in Hebrew, and is the basis for brit milah (covenant of circumcision) in Judaism. The covenant was for Abraham and his seed, or offspring, both of natural birth and adoption.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Palmer Raids", "paragraph_text": "The Palmer Raids were a series of raids conducted by the United States Department of Justice to capture and arrest suspected radical leftists, especially anarchists, and deport them from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U.S. Department of Labor, which had authority for deportations and objected to Palmer's methods.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dirty Dancing", "paragraph_text": "In the summer of 1963, 17 - year - old Frances ``Baby ''Houseman is vacationing with her family at Kellerman's, a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby, the younger of two daughters, plans to study economics in underdeveloped countries and enter the Peace Corps. Her father, Jake, is the doctor and friend of Max Kellerman, the resort proprietor. Baby develops a crush on the resort's dance instructor, Johnny Castle, and meets his cousin, Billy. The staff holds secret after - hours parties in their quarters, and Baby is surprised by their`` dirty dancing''. Intrigued, Baby receives a brief, impromptu dance lesson from Johnny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Diane Guerrero", "paragraph_text": "Diane Guerrero (born July 21, 1986) is an American actress and author. She is known for her roles as inmate Maritza Ramos on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and Lina on Jane the Virgin. Guerrero grew up in Boston and remained there after the rest of her family was deported to Colombia. She is an advocate for immigration reform. Her role on Orange Is the New Black has contributed to three consecutive wins for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Guerrero is the author of In the Country We Love: My Family Divided, a memoir about her parents being detained and deported when she was fourteen.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160744, "question": "From what country will she be deported?", "answer": "US", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 66342, "question": "what percentage of babies are circumcised in the #1", "answer": "58%", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Black Hawk, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "Ameristar Casino Resort Spa Black Hawk, owned by Ameristar Casinos Black Hawk Station Bull Durham Saloon & Casino Canyon Casino Saratoga Casino Black Hawk, owned by Saratoga Harness Racing Gilpin Hotel Casino, owned by Jacobs Entertainment Golden Gates Casino, owned by Affinity Gaming Golden Gulch Casino, owned by Affinity Gaming Golden Mardi Gras Casino, owned by Affinity Gaming Isle of Capri Black Hawk, owned by Isle of Capri Casinos Lady Luck Casino, owned by Isle of Capri Casinos The Lodge Casino, owned by Jacobs Entertainment Monarch Casino, owned by Monarch Casino & Resort, Inc. Red Dolly Casino Sasquatch Casino Wild Card Casino Z Casino", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "WWFP", "paragraph_text": "WWFP is a non-commercial radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc. and used to be owned by CSN International. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station's main transmitter is located atop the Golden Nugget casino and hotel in Atlantic City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2002 US Open (tennis)", "paragraph_text": "Both Lleyton Hewitt and Venus Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences, Hewitt being defeated in the semifinals by Andre Agassi and Venus being defeated in the final by her younger sister Serena. It was the third of four consecutive Grand Slam titles won by Serena, all won by defeating Venus in the final. Pete Sampras, runner - up in 2001, won his fifth US Open title, and his 14th and final Grand Slam title, defeating his rival Agassi in the final in four sets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "1968 Tasmanian casino referendum", "paragraph_text": "The Tasmanian casino referendum was a one-question referendum held on 14 December 1968, which concerned the granting of Australia's first casino licence to the Federal Group to operate the Wrest Point Hotel Casino in Sandy Bay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "MGM Springfield", "paragraph_text": "MGM Springfield is a $960 million resort casino under construction in Springfield, Massachusetts. The casino, which is scheduled to open on August 24th, 2018, will be owned and operated by MGM Resorts International.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles", "paragraph_text": "Pete Sampras successfully defended his title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. With this win, his sixth at Wimbledon, Sampras broke Björn Borg's then open era record of five Wimbledon titles, and equalled Roy Emerson's then record of twelve Grand Slam titles. Sampras' victory over Agassi in the final is often cited as one of the greatest performances in a Wimbledon final. However, despite his victory, Sampras lost his No. 1 ranking when the ATP rankings were updated a day later to Agassi, who in addition to his run to the Wimbledon Final, had recently won the 1999 French Open.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tropicana Evansville", "paragraph_text": "Tropicana Evansville is a casino in downtown Evansville, Indiana, owned and operated by Tropicana Entertainment. Originally named Casino Aztar, it was opened by Aztar Corporation in 1995 as the state's first casino.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wind Creek Bethlehem", "paragraph_text": "The casino is owned, operated, and constructed by the Las Vegas Sands corporation. It is one of five stand - alone casinos that was awarded a slots license by the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board on December 20, 2006. The casino was slated to open in July 2008, but demolition took longer than expected due to the heavy concrete foundations of the old steel building. Its opening was delayed until the second quarter of 2009. The first concrete for the complex, which is located on the former Bethlehem Steel land on the South side of the city, was poured on November 15, 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "1991 French Open – Men's Singles", "paragraph_text": "Ninth-seeded Jim Courier defeated Andre Agassi 3–6, 6–4, 2–6, 6–1, 6–4 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1991 French Open.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City", "paragraph_text": "The Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City (formerly Trump Taj Mahal) is a casino and hotel on the Boardwalk, owned by Hard Rock International, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players", "paragraph_text": "Rank Player Total 1. Federer, Roger Roger Federer 302 2. Sampras, Pete Pete Sampras 286 3. Lendl, Ivan Ivan Lendl 270 4. Connors, Jimmy Jimmy Connors 268 5. Djokovic, Novak Novak Djokovic 223 6. McEnroe, John John McEnroe 170 7. Nadal, Rafael Rafael Nadal 146 8. Borg, Björn Björn Borg 109 9. Agassi, Andre Andre Agassi 101 10. Hewitt, Lleyton Lleyton Hewitt 80 11. Edberg, Stefan Stefan Edberg 72 12. Courier, Jim Jim Courier 58 13. Kuerten, Gustavo Gustavo Kuerten 43 14. Murray, Andy Andy Murray 41 15. Năstase, Ilie Ilie Năstase 40 16. Wilander, Mats Mats Wilander 20 17. Roddick, Andy Andy Roddick 13 18. Becker, Boris Boris Becker 12 19. Safin, Marat Marat Safin 9 20. Newcombe, John John Newcombe 8 Ferrero, Juan Carlos Juan Carlos Ferrero 22. Muster, Thomas Thomas Muster 6 Ríos, Marcelo Marcelo Ríos Kafelnikov, Yevgeny Yevgeny Kafelnikov 25. Moyá, Carlos Carlos Moyá 26. Rafter, Patrick Patrick Rafter * active players - current No. 1 in bold Rank Player Consecutive 1. Federer, Roger Roger Federer 237 2. Connors, Jimmy Jimmy Connors 160 3. Lendl, Ivan Ivan Lendl 157 4. Djokovic, Novak Novak Djokovic 122 5. Sampras, Pete Pete Sampras 102 6. Jimmy Connors (2) 84 7. Pete Sampras (2) 82 8. Ivan Lendl (2) 80 9. Hewitt, Lleyton Lleyton Hewitt 75 10. McEnroe, John John McEnroe 58 11. Nadal, Rafael Rafael Nadal 56 12. John McEnroe (2) 53 Novak Djokovic (2) 14. Agassi, Andre Andre Agassi 52 15. Roger Federer (2) 48 Novak Djokovic (3) 17. Borg, Björn Björn Borg 46 Rafael Nadal (2) 19. Murray, Andy Andy Murray 41 20. Năstase, Ilie Ilie Năstase 40 * current streak in bold", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Andre Agassi", "paragraph_text": "After suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back, a spondylolisthesis (vertebral displacement) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve, Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3, 2006, after losing in the third round of the US Open to Benjamin Becker. He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation, which has raised over $60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada. In 2001, the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas, a K-12 public charter school for at-risk children. He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Golden Mile, Durban", "paragraph_text": "The Golden Mile (or, colloquially, \"The Mile\") is the popular stretch of beachfront in the city of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, including the promenade that runs along with it. It runs roughly from uShaka Beach (where the uShaka Marine World is located) in Point Waterfront to Suncoast Casino and Entertainment World in the north and now includes a route directly to Moses Mabhida Stadium. It abuts the central business district of the city to its west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino", "paragraph_text": "Rio Las Vegas is a hotel and casino near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation. The Rio was the first all suite resort in the Las Vegas area. It was named after the city of Rio de Janeiro and is influenced by Brazilian culture. It is the host casino for the World Series of Poker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Nugget Casino Resort", "paragraph_text": "Nugget Casino Resort (formerly Dick Graves' Nugget and John Ascuaga's Nugget) is a hotel and casino located in Sparks, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Marnell Gaming. The main portion of the casino consists of two 29-story towers nestled between Interstate 80 and the Union Pacific rail yard. There are additional attached buildings underneath and across I-80 from the towers. It is located in Downtown Sparks at the Victorian Square.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Borgata", "paragraph_text": "Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa is a hotel, casino, and spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. The casino hotel features 2,002 rooms and is the largest hotel in New Jersey. Borgata opened in July 2003 and is the top - grossing casino in Atlantic City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "WMOS", "paragraph_text": "WMOS (102.3 FM, \"102.3 The Wolf\") is a classic rock radio station that targets the Connecticut and Rhode Island coastlines from New London, Connecticut to South Kingstown, Rhode Island (according to Radio-Locator) and it is licensed to Stonington, Connecticut. It broadcasts at 102.3 MHz with 3 kilowatts ERP from a tower located in Westerly, Rhode Island. The station is owned and operated by Cumulus Media and is \"powered by Mohegan Sun,\" the casino in Uncasville. The Mohegan Sun casino also hosts the station's studios.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "South Point Hotel, Casino & Spa", "paragraph_text": "South Point Casino, Hotel and Spa Location Enterprise, Nevada 89183 Address 9777 Las Vegas Boulevard Opening date December 22, 2005; 12 years ago (December 22, 2005) Theme Southern California No. of rooms 2,163 Total gaming space 80,000 sq ft (7,400 m) Signature attractions South Point Equestrian Center Showroom Spa and Salon 16 - screen Movie Theater Complex 64 - lane Bowling Center The Tournament Bowling Plaza Convention Center Race book Sports book Poker Room Notable restaurants Michael's Gourmet Room Silverado Steakhouse Don Vito's Italian Restaurant Primarily Prime Rib Baja Miguel's Mexican Restaurant Big Sur Oaster Bar Zenshin Asian Restaurant Coronado Cafe Garden Buffet Steak 'n Shake Del Mar Deli kate's Korner Smoothies and Ice - cream Seattle's Best Coffee Casino type Land - Based Owner Michael Gaughan Architect Leo A Daly / Klai Juba / Sink Combs Dethlefs Previous names South Coast Renovated in 2008 (new tower) Website South Point Hotel and Casino", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "MGM Grand Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "When the latest MGM Grand opened on December 18, 1993, it was owned by MGM Grand Inc. At that time it had an extensive Wizard of Oz theme, including the green ``Emerald City ''color of the building and the decorative use of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. After entering the casino's main entrance, one would find themselves in the Oz Casino facing Emerald City. Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion were seen in front of the city. The Emerald City attraction featured an elaborate yellow brick road walk - through, complete with the cornfield, apple orchard, and haunted forest, as well as audio - animatronic figures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, and the Wicked Witch of the West. It would end at the door of the city, leading inside for a performance of`` The Wizard's Secrets''. When MGM Grand began its extensive refurbishment in 1996, the Oz Casino was the first to go. The Emerald City was completely demolished, and the Emerald City Gift Shop was moved to a new shopping section of the casino. The store remained open until early 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Four Queens", "paragraph_text": "The Four Queens Hotel and Casino is located in downtown Las Vegas on the Fremont Street Experience. The 690 - room hotel and 40,000 sq ft (3,700 m) casino is owned and operated by TLC Enterprises, which acquired the property from the Elsinore Corporation in 2003.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 152871, "question": "What city is Andre Agassi from?", "answer": "Las Vegas", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 66442, "question": "who owns the south point casino #1", "answer": "Michael Gaughan", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Law of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Enumerated powers (United States)", "paragraph_text": "The Enumerated powers (also called Expressed powers, Explicit powers or Delegated powers) of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Moreover, the Constitution expresses various other limitations on Congress, such as the one expressed by the Tenth Amendment: ``The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ''Historically, Congress and the Supreme Court have broadly interpreted the enumerated powers, especially by deriving many implied powers from them. The enumerated powers listed in Article One include both exclusive federal powers, as well as concurrent powers that are shared with the states, and all of those powers are to be contrasted with reserved powers that only the states possess.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Constitution of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles entrench the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six entrench concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments and of the states in relationship to the federal government. Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified constitution in force of the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Law of the United States", "paragraph_text": "After the President signs a bill into law (or Congress enacts it over his veto), it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) where it is assigned a law number, and prepared for publication as a slip law. Public laws, but not private laws, are also given legal statutory citation by the OFR. At the end of each session of Congress, the slip laws are compiled into bound volumes called the United States Statutes at Large, and they are known as session laws. The Statutes at Large present a chronological arrangement of the laws in the exact order that they have been enacted.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "History of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Much of the Virginia Plan was adopted. All the powers in the Articles transfer to the new government. Congress has two houses, the 'house' apportioned by population. It can enact laws affecting more than one state and Congress can override a veto. The President can enforce the law. The Supreme Court and inferior courts rule on international, U.S. and state law. The Constitution is the supreme law and all state officers swear to uphold the Constitution. Every state is a republic, and new states can be admitted. The Articles Congress continued until the new system started. Amendments are possible without Congress. The Convention recommendations went to Congress, from them to the states. State legislatures set the election rules for ratification conventions, and the people ``expressly ''chose representatives to consider and decide about the Constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Powers of the United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "Congress also has the power to establish post offices and post roads, issue patents and copyrights, fix standards of weights and measures, establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, and ``To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. ''Article Four gives Congress the power to admit new states into the Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Federal jurisdiction (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Article Four of the United States Constitution also states that the Congress has the power to enact laws respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States. Federal jurisdiction exists over any territory thus subject to laws enacted by the Congress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction except in cases involving states and cases affecting foreign ambassadors, ministers or consuls.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Constitution of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments and of the states in relationship to the federal government. Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified constitution in force of the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court \"form part of the law of the land\", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. The court sits either en banc or in divisions, depending on the nature of the case to be decided.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "United States nationality law", "paragraph_text": "The United States nationality law is a uniform rule of naturalization of the United States set out in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, enacted under the power of Article I, section 8, clause 4 of the United States Constitution (also referred to as the Nationality Clause), which reads: Congress shall have Power - ``To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization... ''The 1952 Act sets forth the legal requirements for the acquisition of, and divestiture from, American nationality. The requirements have become more explicit since the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, with the most recent changes to the law having been made by Congress in 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Supremacy Clause", "paragraph_text": "The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land. It provides that state courts are bound by the supreme law; in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be applied. Even state constitutions are subordinate to federal law. In essence, it is a conflict - of - laws rule specifying that certain national acts take priority over any state acts that conflict with national law. In this respect, the Supremacy Clause follows the lead of Article XIII of the Articles of Confederation, which provided that ``Every State shall abide by the determination of the United States in Congress Assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them. ''A constitutional provision announcing the supremacy of federal law, the Supremacy Clause assumes the underlying priority of federal authority, at least when that authority is expressed in the Constitution itself. No matter what the federal government or the states might wish to do, they have to stay within the boundaries of the Constitution. This makes the Supremacy Clause the cornerstone of the whole American political structure.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Law of the United States", "paragraph_text": "New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant states that have not adopted the FRCP. Furthermore, all three states continue to maintain most of their civil procedure laws in the form of codified statutes enacted by the state legislature, as opposed to court rules promulgated by the state supreme court, on the ground that the latter are undemocratic. But certain key portions of their civil procedure laws have been modified by their legislatures to bring them closer to federal civil procedure.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Law of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies. Often, Congress is simply too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation, or Congress believes the agency's technical specialists are best equipped to deal with particular fact situations as they arise. Therefore, federal agencies are authorized to promulgate regulations. Under the principle of Chevron deference, regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court in recent years. In 1995 the Supreme Court rejected the Gun-Free School Zones Act in the Lopez decision, and also rejected the civil remedy portion of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 in the United States v. Morrison decision. Recently, the Commerce Clause was interpreted to include marijuana laws in the Gonzales v. Raich decision.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigikohus, with nineteen justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the parliament for nine years on nomination by the president. The official Head of State is the President of Estonia, who gives assent to the laws passed by Riigikogu, also having the right of sending them back and proposing new laws.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jurisdiction stripping", "paragraph_text": "Congress may define the jurisdiction of the judiciary through the simultaneous use of two powers. First, Congress holds the power to create (and, implicitly, to define the jurisdiction of) federal courts inferior to the Supreme Court (i.e. Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and various other Article I and Article III tribunals). This court - creating power is granted both in the congressional powers clause (Art. I, § 8, Cl. 9) and in the judicial vesting clause (Art. III, § 1). Second, Congress has the power to make exceptions to and regulations of the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. This court - limiting power is granted in the Exceptions Clause (Art. III, § 2). By exercising these powers in concert, Congress may effectively eliminate any judicial review of certain federal legislative or executive actions and of certain state actions, or alternatively transfer the judicial review responsibility to state courts by ``knocking (federal courts)... out of the game. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Law of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The fifty American states are separate sovereigns, with their own state constitutions, state governments, and state courts. All states have a legislative branch which enacts state statutes, an executive branch that promulgates state regulations pursuant to statutory authorization, and a judicial branch that applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations, as well as local ordinances. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the federal Constitution, federal statutes, or international treaties ratified by the federal Senate. Normally, state supreme courts are the final interpreters of state constitutions and state law, unless their interpretation itself presents a federal issue, in which case a decision may be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court by way of a petition for writ of certiorari. State laws have dramatically diverged in the centuries since independence, to the extent that the United States cannot be regarded as one legal system as to the majority of types of law traditionally under state control, but must be regarded as 50 separate systems of tort law, family law, property law, contract law, criminal law, and so on.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United States nationality law", "paragraph_text": "The United States nationality law is a uniform rule of naturalization of the United States set out in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, enacted under the power of Article I, section 8, clause 4 of the United States Constitution (also referred to as the Nationality Clause), which reads: Congress shall power - ``To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization... ''The 1952 Act sets forth the legal requirements for the acquisition of, and divestiture from, American nationality. The requirements have become more explicit since the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, with the most recent changes to the law having been made by Congress in 2001.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 20961, "question": "What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?", "answer": "the Constitution", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 85304, "question": "which article states the #1 is the supreme law of land", "answer": "Article VI, Clause 2", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses", "paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity. Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body, which assumes responsibility for interpreting and applying scripture. The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive \"statement of faith\", but prefers to express its doctrinal position in a variety of ways through publications published by the Watch Tower Society. Their publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually reveals his will and purpose, and that such enlightenment or \"new light\" results from the application of reason and study, the guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern \"deep truths\", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The religion's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide \"divine guidance\" through its teachings described as \"based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Military history of France", "paragraph_text": "Under Charlemagne the Franks reached the height of their power. After campaigns against Lombards, Avars, Saxons, and Basques, the resulting Carolingian Empire stretched from the Pyrenees to Central Germany, from the North Sea to the Adriatic. In 800 the Pope made Charlemagne Emperor of the West in return for protection of the Church. The Carolingian Empire was a conscious effort to recreate a central administration modeled on that of the Roman Empire,[13] but the motivations behind military expansion differed. Charlemagne hoped to provide his nobles an incentive to fight by encouraging looting on campaign. Plunder and spoils of war were stronger temptations than imperial expansion, and several regions were invaded over and over in order to bolster the coffers of Frankish nobility.[14] Cavalry dominated the battlefields, and while the high costs associated with equipping horses and horse-riders helped limit their numbers, Carolingian armies maintained an average size of 20,000 by recruiting infantry from imperial territories near theaters of operation.[15] The Empire lasted from 800 to 843, when, following Frankish tradition, it was split between the sons of Louis the Pious by the Treaty of Verdun.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Roman Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Roman Empire was among the most powerful economic, cultural, political and military forces in the world of its time. It was one of the largest empires in world history. At its height under Trajan, it covered 5 million square kilometres. It held sway over an estimated 70 million people, at that time 21% of the world's entire population. The longevity and vast extent of the empire ensured the lasting influence of Latin and Greek language, culture, religion, inventions, architecture, philosophy, law and forms of government on the empire's descendants. Throughout the European medieval period, attempts were even made to establish successors to the Roman Empire, including the Empire of Romania, a Crusader state; and the Holy Roman Empire. By means of European colonialism following the Renaissance, and their descendant states, Greco - Roman and Judaeo - Christian culture was exported on a worldwide scale, playing a crucial role in the development of the modern world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Religion in Kuwait", "paragraph_text": "Islam is the official religion in Kuwait, and the majority of the citizen population are Muslim. There are also small native Christian and Bahá'í populations. Most expatriates in Kuwait are Muslim, Hindu, Christian or Buddhist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "Armenia was the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion, an event traditionally dated to AD 301.The predominant religion in Armenia is Christianity. The roots of the Armenian Church go back to the 1st century. According to tradition, the Armenian Church was founded by two of Jesus' twelve apostles – Thaddaeus and Bartholomew – who preached Christianity in Armenia between AD 40–60. Because of these two founding apostles, the official name of the Armenian Church is Armenian Apostolic Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "As of the 2000 census other Christian minority communities include Neo-Pietism (0.44%), Pentecostalism (0.28%, mostly incorporated in the Schweizer Pfingstmission), Methodism (0.13%), the New Apostolic Church (0.45%), Jehovah's Witnesses (0.28%), other Protestant denominations (0.20%), the Old Catholic Church (0.18%), other Christian denominations (0.20%). Non-Christian religions are Hinduism (0.38%), Buddhism (0.29%), Judaism (0.25%) and others (0.11%); 4.3% did not make a statement. 21.4% in 2012 declared themselves as unchurched i.e. not affiliated with any church or other religious body (Agnostic, Atheist, or just not related to any official religion).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Constantine the Great and Christianity", "paragraph_text": "Constantine's decision to cease the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire was a turning point for early Christianity, sometimes referred to as the Triumph of the Church, the Peace of the Church or the Constantinian shift. In 313, Constantine and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan decriminalizing Christian worship. The emperor became a great patron of the Church and set a precedent for the position of the Christian emperor within the Church and the notion of orthodoxy, Christendom, ecumenical councils, and the state church of the Roman Empire declared by edict in 380. He is revered as a saint and isapostolos in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church, and various Eastern Catholic Churches for his example as a ``Christian monarch. ''", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Kushan Empire", "paragraph_text": "Kushan Empire Κυϸανο (Bactrian) कुषाण साम्राज्य (Sanskrit) Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν (Greek) Nomadic empire 30 -- 375 Kushan territories (full line) and maximum extent of Kushan dominions under Kanishka the Great (dotted line), according to the Rabatak inscription. Capital Bagram (Kapiśi) Peshawar (Puruṣapura) Taxila (Takṣaśilā) Mathura (Mathurā) Languages Greek (official until ca. 127) Bactrian (official from ca. 127) Unofficial regional languages: Gurjari - Gandhari, Sogdian, Chorasmian, Tocharian, Saka dialects, Prakrit Liturgical language: Sanskrit Religion Hinduism Buddhism Bactrian religion Zoroastrianism Government Monarchy Emperor 30 -- 80 Kujula Kadphises 350 -- 375 Kipunada Historical era Classical Antiquity Kujula Kadphises unites Yuezhi tribes into a confederation 30 Subjugated by the Sasanians, Guptas and Hepthalites 375 Area 3,800,000 km (1,500,000 sq mi) Currency Kushan drachma Preceded by Succeeded by Indo - Parthian Kingdom Indo - Scythians Sasanian Empire Gupta Empire Hephthalite Empire Khasa kingdom Today part of Afghanistan China Kyrgyzstan India Nepal Pakistan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe. Christians in the western half of Southern Europe — e.g., Portugal, Spain, Italy — are generally Roman Catholic. Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe — e.g., Greece, Macedonia — are generally Greek Orthodox.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Religion in Turkey", "paragraph_text": "Due to the nature of this method, the official number of Muslims include people with no religion; converted Christians/Jews; people who are of a different religion than Islam, Christianity or Judaism; and anyone who is of a different religion than their parents, but has not applied for a change of their individual records. The state currently does not allow the individual records to be changed to anything other than Islam, Christianity or Judaism, and the latter two are only accepted with a document of recognition released by an officially recognised church or synagogue. In 2016 Islam was the major religion in Turkey comprising 98.3% of the total population, and Christianity with 0.2%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "State church of the Roman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Nicene Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 AD, when Emperor Theodosius I made it the Empire's sole authorized religion. The Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Catholic Church each claim to be the historical continuation of this church in its original form, but do not identify with it in the caesaropapist form that it took later. Unlike Constantine I, who with the Edict of Milan of 313 AD had established tolerance for Christianity without placing it above other religions and whose involvement in matters of the Christian faith extended to convoking councils of bishops who were to determine doctrine and to presiding at their meetings, but not to determining doctrine himself, Theodosius established a single Christian doctrine (specified as that professed by Pope Damasus I of Rome and Pope Peter II of Alexandria) as the Empire's official religion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire. After the fall of Delhi in 1857, the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the Indian sub continent, under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu. This migration resulted in a mingling of North and South Indian languages, cultures and religions, which has since led to a co-existence of Hindu and Muslim traditions, for which the city has become noted.:viii A further consequence of this north–south mix is that both Telugu and Urdu are official languages of Telangana. The mixing of religions has also resulted in many festivals being celebrated in Hyderabad such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali and Bonalu of Hindu tradition and Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha by Muslims.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "Christianity was established in the region by the Romans, and saw the establishment of monasteries and churches in the high regions. The Frankish expansion of the Carolingian Empire and the Bavarian expansion in the eastern Alps introduced feudalism and the building of castles to support the growing number of dukedoms and kingdoms. Castello del Buonconsiglio in Trento, Italy, still has intricate frescoes, excellent examples of Gothic art, in a tower room. In Switzerland, Château de Chillon is preserved as an example of medieval architecture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. In the 1st century BC the Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great. Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. In between the late 3rd century to early years of the 4th century, the state became the first Christian nation. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301 AD. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Greeks", "paragraph_text": "Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi (\"Romans\"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary to religious considerations and the renewed empire used Christianity as a tool to support its cohesion and promoted a robust Roman national identity. Concurrently the secular, urban civilization of late antiquity survived in the Eastern Mediterranean along with Greco-Roman educational system, although it was from Christianity that the culture's essential values were drawn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Abrahamic religions", "paragraph_text": "The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic - originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham. The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham. Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century onward. As a consequence, today the Abrahamic religions are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions). Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the largest Abrahamic religions in terms of numbers of adherents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Maryland Toleration Act", "paragraph_text": "The Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. It was passed on April 21, 1649, by the assembly of the Maryland colony, in St. Mary's City. It was the second law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies and created one of the pioneer statutes passed by the legislative body of an organized colonial government to guarantee any degree of religious liberty. Specifically, the bill, now usually referred to as the Toleration Act, granted freedom of conscience to all Christians. (The colony which became Rhode Island passed a series of laws, the first in 1636, which prohibited religious persecution including against non-Trinitarians; Rhode Island was also the first government to separate church and state.) Historians argue that it helped inspire later legal protections for freedom of religion in the United States. The Calvert family, who founded Maryland partly as a refuge for English Catholics, sought enactment of the law to protect Catholic settlers and those of other religions that did not conform to the dominant Anglicanism of Britain and her colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Religion in ancient Rome", "paragraph_text": "Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Constantine had triumphed under the signum (sign) of the Christ: Christianity was therefore officially embraced along with traditional religions and from his new Eastern capital, Constantine could be seen to embody both Christian and Hellenic religious interests. He may have officially ended – or attempted to end – blood sacrifices to the genius of living emperors but his Imperial iconography and court ceremonial outstripped Diocletian's in their supra-human elevation of the Imperial hierarch. His later direct intervention in Church affairs proved a political masterstroke. Constantine united the empire as an absolute head of state, and on his death, he was honored as a Christian, Imperial, and \"divus\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161478, "question": "What government was the Carolingian Empire inspired by?", "answer": "the Roman Empire", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 79479, "question": "christianity become the official religion of #1 in", "answer": "380", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Pauper Millionaire", "paragraph_text": "The Pauper Millionaire is a 1922 British silent comedy film directed by Frank Hall Crane and starring C.M. Hallard, Katherine Blair and John H. Roberts. It was based on a novel by Austin Fryers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Greeks Had a Word for Them", "paragraph_text": "The Greeks Had a Word for Them (1932), also known as Three Broadway Girls, is a pre-Code comedy film directed by Lowell Sherman, produced by Samuel Goldwyn, and released by United Artists. It stars Joan Blondell, Madge Evans, and Ina Claire and is based on the play \"The Greeks Had a Word for It\" by Zoë Akins. The studio originally wanted actress Jean Harlow for the lead after her success in \"Public Enemy\" (1931), but she was under contract to Howard Hughes, and he refused to loan her out. The movie served as inspiration for films like \"Three Blind Mice\" (1938), \"Moon Over Miami\" (1941), and \"How to Marry a Millionaire\" (1953).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Some Like It Hot", "paragraph_text": "Once in Miami, Joe woos Sugar by assuming a second disguise as a millionaire named Junior, the heir to Shell Oil, while feigning disinterest in Sugar. An actual millionaire, the much - married aging mama's boy Osgood Fielding III, (Joe E. Brown) tries repeatedly to pick up Daphne, who rebuffs him. Osgood invites Daphne for a champagne supper on his yacht. Joe convinces Daphne to keep Osgood occupied onshore so that Junior can take Sugar to Osgood's yacht, passing it off as his. Once on the yacht, Junior explains to Sugar that, due to psychological trauma, he is impotent and frigid, but that he would marry anyone who could change that. Sugar tries to arouse some sexual response in Junior, and begins to succeed. Meanwhile, Daphne and Osgood dance the tango (``La Cumparsita '') till dawn. When Joe and Jerry get back to the hotel, Jerry explains that Osgood has proposed marriage to Daphne and that he, as Daphne, has accepted, anticipating an instant divorce and huge cash settlement when his ruse is revealed. Joe convinces Jerry that he can not actually marry Osgood.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is \"consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\" and \"the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World\". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "During the Middle Ages, Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars, such as Yechiel of Paris who took part in the Disputation of Paris between Christian and Jewish intellectuals. The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution, alternating expulsions and returns, until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution. Although 75% of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II, half the city's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps, while some others fled abroad. A large migration of North Africa Sephardic Jews settled Paris in the 1960s, and represent most of the Paris Jewish community today. There are currently 83 synagogues in the city; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue, built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard, is a Paris landmark.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "How to Marry a Millionaire", "paragraph_text": "Between scenes, the cinematography has some iconic views of New York City. Views include: Rockefeller Center; Central Park; the United Nations Building; and Brooklyn Bridge in the opening sequence. Other iconic views include the Empire State Building, the lights of Times Square at night and the George Washington Bridge.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Side Street Story", "paragraph_text": "Side Street Story ( , meaning \"Millionaire Naples\") is a 1950 Italian comedy film directed by Eduardo De Filippo, who wrote the play upon which the film is based. It was entered into the 1951 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Rock in the Red Zone", "paragraph_text": "The film has screened at multiple film festivals internationally and around the United States: AICE Israeli Film Festival (Australia), San Francisco Jewish Film Festival, Sonoma Jewish Film Festival, Washington Jewish Film Festival, Boston Jewish Film Festival, Atlanta Jewish Film Festival 2016, Rutgers Jewish Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)", "paragraph_text": "Fiddler on the Roof is a 1971 American musical comedy - drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison. It is an adaptation of the 1964 Broadway musical of the same name, with music composed by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and screenplay by Joseph Stein. Starring Topol, Norma Crane, Leonard Frey, Molly Picon, and Paul Mann, the film centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives. He must cope both with the strong - willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry for love -- each one's choice of a husband moves further away from the customs of his faith -- and with the edict of the Tsar that evicts the Jews from the town of Anatevka. Throughout the film, Tevye breaks the fourth wall by talking directly to the audience as well as to God. In addition to the difficulties of being poor, Tevye speaks of the Jewish community's constant fear of harassment from their non-Jewish neighbors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Happiest Millionaire", "paragraph_text": "The Happiest Millionaire is a 1967 American musical film starring Fred MacMurray and based upon the true story of Philadelphia millionaire Anthony J. Drexel Biddle. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Costume Design by Bill Thomas and the musical song score is by the Sherman Brothers. The screenplay is by A. J. Carothers based on the play that was based on the book \"My Philadelphia Father\" by Cordelia Drexel Biddle. This was the last film with personal involvement from Walt Disney, who died during its production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Millionaire's Double", "paragraph_text": "The Millionaire's Double is a 1917 silent American drama film directed by Harry Davenport, starring Lionel Barrymore and Evelyn Brent. The film is considered to be lost.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Happy (1933 film)", "paragraph_text": "Happy is a 1933 British musical film directed by Frederic Zelnik, starring Stanley Lupino, Dorothy Hyson, Laddie Cliff and Will Fyffe. The plot concerns a band leader who pretends to be a millionaire in Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "How to Marry a Millionaire", "paragraph_text": "How to Marry a Millionaire is a 1953 American romantic comedy film directed by Jean Negulesco and written and produced by Nunnally Johnson. The screenplay was based on the plays \"The Greeks Had a Word for It\" by Zoë Akins and \"Loco\" by Dale Eunson and Katherine Albert.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Millionaires in Prison", "paragraph_text": "Millionaires in Prison is a 1940 American crime drama film directed by Ray McCarey and written by Lynn Root and Frank Fenton. The film stars Lee Tracy, Linda Hayes, Raymond Walburn, Morgan Conway and Truman Bradley. The film was released on July 12, 1940, by RKO Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "Since at least the time of the Ancient Greeks, a proportion of Jews have assimilated into the wider non-Jewish society around them, by either choice or force, ceasing to practice Judaism and losing their Jewish identity. Assimilation took place in all areas, and during all time periods, with some Jewish communities, for example the Kaifeng Jews of China, disappearing entirely. The advent of the Jewish Enlightenment of the 18th century (see Haskalah) and the subsequent emancipation of the Jewish populations of Europe and America in the 19th century, accelerated the situation, encouraging Jews to increasingly participate in, and become part of, secular society. The result has been a growing trend of assimilation, as Jews marry non-Jewish spouses and stop participating in the Jewish community.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Caprichosa y millonaria", "paragraph_text": "Caprichosa y millonaria (English: \"Capricious and millionaire\") is a 1940 Argentine musical film, directed and written by Enrique Santos Discépolo. It was released on May 1, 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jews in New York City", "paragraph_text": "Jews in New York City comprise approximately 13 percent of the city's population, making the Jewish community the largest in the world outside of Israel. As of 2014, 1.1 million Jews live in the five boroughs of New York City, and 1.75 million Jews live in New York state overall. Jews have immigrated to New York City since the first settlement in Dutch New Amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the Jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920. The large Jewish population has led to a significant impact on the culture of New York City. After many decades of decline in the 20th century, the Jewish population of New York City has seen a sharp increase in the 21st century owing to the high birth rate of the Hasidic and Orthodox communities.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Penniless Millionaire", "paragraph_text": "The Penniless Millionaire is a 1921 British silent drama film directed by Einar Bruun and starring Stewart Rome, Fabienne Fabrèges and Gregory Scott.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 48021, "question": "where was how to marry a millionaire filmed", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 48224, "question": "what is the jewish population of #1", "answer": "1.1 million", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Australia Day", "paragraph_text": "1818 was the 30th anniversary of the founding of the colony, and Governor Lachlan Macquarie chose to acknowledge the day with the first official celebration. The Governor declared that the day would be a holiday for all government workers, granting each an extra allowance of ``one pound (c. 450g) of fresh meat '', and ordered a 30 - gun salute at Dawes Point -- one for each year that the colony had existed. This began a tradition that was retained by the Governors that were to follow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "It Follows", "paragraph_text": "A Detroit college student, Jaime ``Jay ''Height, goes on a date with her new boyfriend, Hugh. At the movies, Hugh points out a girl whom Jay says she can not see. Afraid, he asks that they leave. On another date, Hugh and Jay have sex in his car, but afterwards he incapacitates her with chloroform. She wakes up tied to a wheelchair. Hugh explains that she will be pursued by an entity that only she can see, which can take the appearance of any person. Although it only moves at a walking pace, it will always know where she is and will be constantly approaching, and if it catches Jay, it will kill her and pursue the previous person to have passed it on: Hugh. After they see a naked woman walking toward them, Hugh drives Jay home and flees.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Carnival", "paragraph_text": "Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar, the six weeks directly before Easter, was originally marked by fasting and other pious or penitential practices. During Lent, no parties or celebrations were held, and people refrained from eating rich foods, such as meat, dairy, fat and sugar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Jamestown Exposition", "paragraph_text": "The Jamestown Exposition was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. It celebrated the first permanent English settlement in the present United States. In 1975 the 20 remaining exposition buildings were included on the National Register of Historic Places as a national historic district.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was \"passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one\", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic School", "paragraph_text": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic School (OLPH) is a Roman Catholic elementary and middle school located in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas (USA). The school is part of the Parish, Our Lady of Perpetual Help. The school recently celebrated its sixtieth anniversary with an event in which students from each of the sixty years were invited to come back and celebrate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "National Mathematics Day (India)", "paragraph_text": "In India, the day 'December 22 has been declared as the National Mathematics Day. The Declaration was made by Dr Manmohan Singh, Former Prime Minister of India, during the inaugural ceremony of the celebrations to mark the 125th birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan held at the Madras University Centenary Auditorium on 26 February 2012. Dr Manmohan Singh also announced that the year 2012 would be celebrated as the National Mathematics Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ohrid Swimming Marathon", "paragraph_text": "The Ohrid Swimming Marathon (Macedonian: Охридски Пливачки Маратон, \"Ohridski Plivački Maraton\") is an international Open water swimming competition, established in always taking place in the waters of the Ohrid Lake, Republic of Macedonia. The swimmers are supposed to swim 30 km from Sveti Naum to the Ohrid harbor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2010 Belgian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Belgian Grand Prix was the 66th Belgian Grand Prix and the thirteenth round of the 2010 Formula One season. It was held at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Spa, Belgium on 29 August 2010. Williams driver Rubens Barrichello celebrated his 300th Grand Prix. Lewis Hamilton claimed victory, to take the championship lead from pole-sitter Mark Webber, who finished second. Robert Kubica finished in third position, taking his last Formula One podium finish to date.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "A State of Trance", "paragraph_text": "Since 500th episode, A State of Trance's annual episodic celebrations have effectively replaced Trance Energy (later simply called Energy, focusing on electro house instead of trance) as the main trance event in the Netherlands, where every year the biggest of these celebrations takes place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Coogee Surf Life Saving Club", "paragraph_text": "The Coogee Surf Life Saving Club is a foundation member of the surf lifesaving movement in Australia. It was founded in 1907 by a group of concerned locals and has a proud history of no lives being lost whilst its members have patrolled. Coogee SLSC celebrated its 100-year anniversary in 2007, the Year of the Lifesaver.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hello Cinema", "paragraph_text": "Hello Cinema () is a 1995 Iranian film directed by Mohsen Makhmalbaf. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. It was made for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of cinema. The year 1895 is considered the debut of the motion picture as an entertainment medium. The year 1895 was the year of the first film screenings by Auguste and Louis Lumière.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences", "paragraph_text": "The prize was established in 1968 by a donation from Sweden's central bank, the Swedish National Bank, on the bank's 300th anniversary. Although it is not one of the prizes that Alfred Nobel established in his will in 1895, it is referred to along with the other Nobel Prizes by the Nobel Foundation. Laureates are announced with the other Nobel Prize laureates, and receive the award at the same ceremony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire", "paragraph_text": "The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire (), officially known as the 2,500th year of Foundation of Imperial State of Iran (), consisted of an elaborate set of festivities that took place on 12–16 October 1971 to celebrate the anniversary of the founding of the Imperial State of Iran and the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great. The intent of the celebration was to demonstrate Iran's ancient civilization and history and to showcase its contemporary advances under His Imperial Majesty Mohammad Reza Shah, the last Shah of Iran.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Colors Insulting to Nature", "paragraph_text": "Colors Insulting To Nature is the fictional follow-up novel to Cintra Wilson's previous collection of non-fiction essays in A Massive Swelling. Within the novel, Wilson takes the central theme of her essays, which is America's obsession with celebrity culture, and makes it the starting point for her narration, focusing on the Normal Family, in particular, the aspirations of 13-year-old, Liza.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008. It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of \"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of \"Talkin' Baseball\" (subtitled \"Baseball and the Cubs\") by Terry Cashman. The album was produced in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Cubs' 1908 World Series victory and contains sounds and songs of the Cubs and Wrigley Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "International Year of Astronomy", "paragraph_text": "The International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's \"Astronomia nova\" in the 17th century. The Year was declared by the 62nd General Assembly of the United Nations. A global scheme, laid out by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), was also endorsed by UNESCO, the UN body responsible for educational, scientific, and cultural matters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Romeo and Juliet (1916 Metro Pictures film)", "paragraph_text": "Romeo and Juliet is a lost 1916 American silent film based on William Shakespeare's play, \"Romeo and Juliet\". John W. Noble is credited as director and Francis X. Bushman and Beverly Bayne star as the lovers. This film was produced in 1916, the 300th anniversary of Shakespeare's death, and was released amongst many other commemorations of his works.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 75364, "question": "when is it follows supposed to take place", "answer": "Detroit", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 26062, "question": "In which year did #1 celebrate it's 300th anniversary?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Barnard Flower", "paragraph_text": "Barnard Flower (died July or August 1517) was a Flemish glazier. He was King's Glazier to Henry VII and Henry VIII from 1505 to 1517, the first non-Englishman to hold this office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Josefina Lavalle", "paragraph_text": "Josefina Lavalle (born Mexico City, January 29, 1924 – died Mexico City, May 25, 2009) was a Mexican ballet dancer, choreographer and ballet director. She established together with Guillermina Bravo the national ballet company in Mexico City in 1948", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "In 2009[update], over 300,000 Israeli citizens lived in West Bank settlements such as Ma'ale Adumim and Ariel, including settlements that predated the establishment of the State of Israel and which were re-established after the Six-Day War, in cities such as Hebron and Gush Etzion. In 2011, there were 250,000 Jews living in East Jerusalem. 20,000 Israelis live in Golan Heights settlements. The total number of Israeli settlers is over 500,000 (6.5% of the Israeli population). Approximately 7,800 Israelis lived in settlements in the Gaza Strip, until they were evacuated by the government as part of its 2005 disengagement plan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "William Henry Powell", "paragraph_text": "William Henry Powell (February 14, 1823 – October 6, 1879), was an American artist who was born and died in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Henry Cavendish", "paragraph_text": "Henry Cavendish was born on 10 October 1731 in Nice, where his family was living at the time. His mother was Lady Anne de Grey, fourth daughter of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, and his father was Lord Charles Cavendish, the third son of William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire. The family traced its lineage across eight centuries to Norman times, and was closely connected to many aristocratic families of Great Britain. Henry's mother died in 1733, three months after the birth of her second son, Frederick, and shortly before Henry's second birthday, leaving Lord Charles Cavendish to bring up his two sons. Cavendish was styles as \"The Honourable Henry Cavendish\".From the age of 11 Henry attended Newcome's School, a private school near London. At the age of 18 (on 24 November 1748) he entered the University of Cambridge in St Peter's College, now known as Peterhouse, but left three years later on 23 February 1751 without taking a degree (at the time, a common practice). He then lived with his father in London, where he soon had his own laboratory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Henri Deberly", "paragraph_text": "Henri Deberly, born in 1882 in Amiens (France) and died in 1947, was a French writer, winner of the Prix Goncourt in 1926.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Henry Kirke White", "paragraph_text": "Henry Kirke White (21 March 1785 – 19 October 1806) was an English poet. He died at the young age of 21.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Henry Lehman", "paragraph_text": "In 1855, Henry Lehman died from yellow fever while travelling in New Orleans. Later, his brothers moved the company's headquarters to New York City, eventually building it into an important American investment bank, which was in operation for over 150 years until its September 15, 2008 collapse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Henry Classification System", "paragraph_text": "Influenced by Galton's Finger Prints, the men corresponded regularly in 1894; and in January 1896, Sir Henry ordered the Bengali Police to collect prisoners' fingerprints in addition to their anthropometric measurements. Expanding on Galton's classification system, Sir Henry developed the Henry Classification System between the years 1896 and 1925. He was primarily assisted by Azizul Haque who developed a mathematical formula to supplement Henry's idea of sorting in 1024 pigeon holes based on fingerprint patterns, and Hem Chandra Bose, another Henry's assistant also helped refine the system, and both, on the recommendation of Henry received recognition years later by the British Government for their contribution. The Henry Classification System was to find worldwide acceptance in 1899. In 1897 a commission was established to compare Anthropometry to the Henry Classification System. As the results were overwhelmingly in favor of fingerprints, fingerprinting was introduced to British India by the Governor General, and in 1900, replaced Anthropometry. Also in 1900, Henry was sent to Natal, South Africa to assist in the reorganization of the local police force and establish a fingerprint bureau. His efforts in South Africa were highly successful; and in 1901 Sir Henry returned to Britain and was appointed Assistant Commissioner of Scotland Yard, head of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). In the same year, the first UK fingerprint bureau was established at Scotland Yard. (Harling 1996) (Met) (Early)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "George Landseer", "paragraph_text": "George Landseer, was an English painter born 1829 and died in London 1878; he was the nephew of Sir Edwin Henry Landseer and his father Thomas Landseer was also an artist. He studied at the R.A. schools in 1846 and exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1850 until 1858 before establishing a practice in India painting landscapes and portraits in oil and watercolour. He returned to England in about 1870 and gave up painting due to poor health.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Robert Meier", "paragraph_text": "In October 2006, Robert Meier met then 110-year-old Henry Allingham, the oldest living British World War I veteran, in his hometown. France's oldest veteran ever, 111-year-old Maurice Floquet, sent his regards, but could not attend, because he was too frail to travel. Floquet subsequently died on the eve of Armistice Day, November 10, 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Patrick Henry County, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Patrick Henry County is an extinct county which was established in Virginia in 1777. It was named in honor of Virginia patriot, Patrick Henry, who was serving as the first Governor of Virginia following the Declaration of Independence at the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "George Henry Hall (artist)", "paragraph_text": "George Henry Hall (1825–1913) was an American still-life and landscape artist. He studied art in Düsseldorf and Paris and he worked and lived in New York City, the Catskills of New York and in Europe. His works are in museum collections in the United States and Europe. Over the course of his career he sold 1,659 paintings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Henry Donn", "paragraph_text": "Henry Donn (otherwise Henry Dunn) (died 21 September 1586) was one of the conspirators executed for his involvement in the Babington Plot, a plot in 1586 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth, a Protestant, and put Mary, Queen of Scots, a Catholic, on the English throne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "John Venn", "paragraph_text": "John Venn was born on 4 August 1834 in Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, to Martha Sykes and Rev. Henry Venn, who was the rector of the parish of Drypool. His mother died when he was three years old. Venn was descended from a long line of church evangelicals, including his grandfather John Venn. Venn was brought up in a very strict atmosphere at home. His father Henry had played a significant part in the Evangelical movement and he was also the secretary of the ‘Society for Missions to Africa and the East’, establishing eight bishoprics overseas. His grandfather was pastor to William Wilberforce of the abolitionist movement, in Clapham.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Henry Benbridge", "paragraph_text": "Henry Benbridge (October 1743 – February 1812) was an early American portrait painter. He was born in Philadelphia, the only child of James and Mary (Clark) Benbridge. When he was seven years old, his mother, who had been left a widow, was married to Thomas Gordon, a wealthy Scot. The boy's artistic talent was encouraged. He made decorative designs for his stepfather's drawing-room which were much admired. When he was fourteen years old he may have watched John Wollaston paint Gordon's portrait. It has been plausibly argued that young Benbridge had instruction from Wollaston, since his earliest known portrait, that of his half-sister Rebecca Gordon, \"seems to hark back to Wollaston.\" When he was 21, Benbridge was sent to Italy, where he studied with Pompeo Batoni and Anton Raphael Mengs. In 1769, on commission from James Boswell, biographer of Dr. Samuel Johnson, he made a portrait of Pasquale Paoli in Corsica which he took to London. It was exhibited (1769) at the Free Society of Artists, and from it three mezzotints were scraped and published with the artist's name signed \"Bembridge.\" Like other young Americans he was encouraged by Benjamin West. He wrote, on December 7, 1769, to his stepfather: \"Upon my arrival I waited upon Mr. West who received me with a sort of brotherly affection, as did my cousin, Mrs. West.\" Impelled, apparently, by a longing to rejoin his family, he left England in 1770, bearing from West the following note of recommendation to Francis Hopkinson: \"By Mr. Benbridge you will receive these few lines. You will find him an Ingenous artist and an agreeable Companion. His merit in the art must procure him great incouragement and much esteem. I deare say it will give you great pleasure to have an ingenous artist resident amongst you.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Frank Borzage", "paragraph_text": "Their first child, Henry, was born in 1885. The Borzaga family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, where Frank Borzage was born in 1894, and the family remained there until 1919. The couple had fourteen children, eight of whom survived childhood: Henry (1885–1971), Mary Emma (1886–1906), Bill (1892–1973), Frank, Daniel (1896–1975, a performer and member of the John Ford Stock Company), Lew (1898–1974), Dolly (1901–2002) and Sue (1905–1998). Luigi Borzaga died in Los Angeles in a car accident in 1934; his wife Maria (Frank's mother) died of cancer in 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "David A. Noble", "paragraph_text": "David A. Noble died in Monroe, Michigan and was interred in Woodland Cemetery. He was the father of Henry Shaw Noble and John Savage Noble.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted William Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown section. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for brotherly love (from philos, \"love\" or \"friendship\", and adelphos, \"brother\"). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, far more than afforded by most other colonies, led to better relations with the local Native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city. Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, as they crowded by the Delaware River, the port, and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. It became an important trading center, poor at first, but with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sergio Cresto", "paragraph_text": "Sergio Cresto (USA) (January 19, 1956 – May 2, 1986) was the co-driver of Henri Toivonen at the Lancia Martini team for the 1986 World Rally Championship season. He was also a former co-driver for fellow Lancia employee Attilio Bettega, who died in an accident during the 1985 Tour de Corse on May 2, 1985. His co-driver Maurizio Perissinot survived the crash uninjured. This event happened exactly one year before the accident that claimed the lives of both Sergio Cresto and his driver by then Henri Toivonen on May 2, 1986.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 147221, "question": "Where did Henry Benbridge live when he died?", "answer": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 30651, "question": "When was #1 established as a city?", "answer": "1701", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "BRICS", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the \"S\" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "9th BRICS summit", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 BRICS summit was the ninth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The summit was held in Xiamen, China, the second time the China has hosted the summit after the 2011 summit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Minister of Finance (South Africa)", "paragraph_text": "South Africa Minister of Finance Flag of South Africa Incumbent Nhlanhla Nene since 27 February 2018 National Treasury Style The Honourable Appointer Cyril Ramaphosa Inaugural holder Henry Charles Hull Formation 31 May 1910 Deputy Mondli Gungubele Salary R 2,211,937 Website National Treasury", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Emmanuel Kasonde", "paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Kasonde (December 23, 1935 – December 12, 2008) was a Zambian economist and politician who served as the Finance permanent secretary or Minister of Finance under three successive Zambian presidential administrations, including Kenneth Kaunda, Frederick Chiluba and Levy Mwanawasa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Per Stig Møller", "paragraph_text": "Per Stig Møller is the son of the former Finance Minister Poul Møller and journalist Lis Møller, who were both Members of Parliament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Minister of Finance (Sri Lanka)", "paragraph_text": "Minister of Finance of Sri Lanka Incumbent Mangala Samaraweera since 22 May 2017 Ministry of Finance and Planning Appointer The President with advice of Prime Minister Inaugural holder Junius Richard Jayewardene Formation 26 September 1947 Website www.treasury.gov.lk", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Michel Audet", "paragraph_text": "Michel Audet (born November 12, 1940) is an economist and a politician in Quebec, Canada. He was the Finance Minister of Quebec in the first Charest government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "10th BRICS summit", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 BRICS summit is the tenth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The summit was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, the second time the South Africa has hosted the summit after the 2013 summit. This years theme 'BRICS in Africa'.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ahmet Uzun", "paragraph_text": "Ahmet Uzun is the Minister of Finance in the Government of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a non-recognized state. He was appointed to this portfolio in the TRNC Government of Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer on April 28, 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ministry of Finance (Egypt)", "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Finance of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for increasing the rate of economic growth and job creation, thus contributing to raising the standard of living of the individual and society as a whole. The current minister is Amr El-Garhy. It is located in Ministry of Finance Towers, Nasr City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ivan Pilip", "paragraph_text": "Ivan Pilip (born 4 August 1963 in Prague) is a Czech politician and economist who was Finance Minister from June 1997 to July 1998, after having been the Minister of Education, Youth and Sport from 1994 to 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Minister of Finance (India)", "paragraph_text": "Minister of Finance Emblem of India Incumbent Arun Jaitley since 26 May 2014 Ministry of Finance Style The Honourable Member of Cabinet Cabinet Committee on Security Appointer President on the advice of the Prime Minister Inaugural holder Liaquat Ali Khan Formation 29 October 1946", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Walter Romberg", "paragraph_text": "Walter Romberg (27 December 1928 – 23 May 2014) was a German politician who was the last finance minister of East Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca", "paragraph_text": "François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca (27 June 1796 – 24 May 1881) was a French aristocrat, lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Minister of Finance and then", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "António Sebastião Spínola", "paragraph_text": "António Sebastião Spínola (Machico, Porto da Cruz, 13 July 1875 – Machico, Porto da Cruz, 19 March 1956) was an Inspector General of Finances and Chief of Cabinet of the Finance Minister Professor Oliveira Salazar and afterwards of Finance Minister Professor João Pinto da Costa Leite, 4th Conde de Lumbrales, Councilor and Administrator of the \"Fundação da Casa de Bragança\", etc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "BRICS", "paragraph_text": "BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as ``BRIC ''(or`` the BRICs''), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all leading developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, sometimes fast - growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs; all five are G - 20 members. Since 2009, the BRICS nations have met annually at formal summits. China hosted the 9th BRICS summit in Xiamen on September 3rd, 4th and 5th, 2017. The term does not include countries such as South Korea, Mexico and Turkey for which other acronyms and group associations were later created.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Abdessalam Jalloud", "paragraph_text": "Abdessalam Jalloud () (born 15 December 1944) was Prime Minister of Libya from 16 July 1972 to 2 March 1977, during the government of Muammar Gaddafi. He was also Minister of Finance from 1970 until 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "The unicameral legislature (the Fono) consists of 49 members serving 5-year terms. Forty-seven are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. Universal suffrage was adopted in 1990, but only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Samoan seats. There are more than 25,000 matais in the country, about 5% of whom are women. The prime minister, chosen by a majority in the Fono, is appointed by the head of state to form a government. The prime minister's choices for the 12 cabinet positions are appointed by the head of state, subject to the continuing confidence of the Fono.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Saada Salum", "paragraph_text": "Saada Mkuya Salum (born 1975) is a Tanzanian CCM politician and a nominated Member of Parliament. She is a former Minister of Finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "7th BRICS summit", "paragraph_text": "7th BRICS Summit VII саммит БРИКС Host country Russia Date 8 -- 9 July 2015 Cities Ufa, Bashkortostan Participants BRICS Follows 6th BRICS summit Precedes 8th BRICS summit Website en.brics2015.ru", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 58747, "question": "who has been chosen as the fifth country of brics", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 82551, "question": "whose the minister of finance in #1", "answer": "Nhlanhla Nene", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Slavs", "paragraph_text": "^9 Sub-groups of Croats include Bunjevci (in Bačka), Šokci (in Slavonia and Vojvodina), Janjevci (in Kosovo), Burgenland Croats (in Austria), Bosniaks (in Hungary), Molise Croats (in Italy), Krashovans (in Romania), Moravian Croats (in the Czech Republic)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Highline Botanical Garden", "paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Shpëtim Babaj", "paragraph_text": "Shpëtim Babaj (Serbo-Croat: \"Špetim Babaj\") (born on 9 December 1981 in Pristina) is a Kosovo Albanian football midfielder. He also holds Croatian citizenship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jozo Križanović", "paragraph_text": "Jozo Križanović (28 July 1944 – 2 December 2009) was a Bosnian Croat politician who served as Croat member of the tripartite Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2001 to 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Josef Szeiler", "paragraph_text": "Josef Szeiler (7 August 1948 in Sankt Michael im Burgenland) is an Austrian theatre director. As co-founder of the group TheaterAngelusNovus he is first of all known for his experimental approach to texts by Heiner Müller, Bertolt Brecht, Homer and Greek dramas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Trusina killings", "paragraph_text": "The Trusina killings occurred on 16 April 1993 in the village of Trusina, located in the municipality of Konjic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where 22 people, four Croat soldiers and 18 Croat civilians, were killed by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) during the Croat–Bosniak War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Bergkirche (Eisenstadt)", "paragraph_text": "The Bergkirche (\"hill church\") is a church in Eisenstadt, the capital of the state of Burgenland in Austria. The church (of Catholic denomination) was built in the early 18th century by Prince Paul Esterházy. Eisenstadt was the seat of the Esterházy family, and the church lies just a short walk to the west of the family's main palace.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Croatia", "paragraph_text": "Inhabited since the Paleolithic Age, the Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century. Croatia was first internationally recognized as an independent state on 7 June 879 during the reign of duke Branimir. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom, which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries. During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended, Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, in the final days of World War I, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, independent from Austria-Hungary, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Juraj Amšel", "paragraph_text": "Juraj Amšel (17 December 1924 in Zagreb – 7 August 1988) was a Croat water polo player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1948 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Forstbotanischer Garten Eberswalde", "paragraph_text": "The Forstbotanischer Garten Eberswalde (8 hectares) is a botanical garden and arboretum located at Am Zainhammer 5, Eberswalde, Brandenburg, Germany. It is open daily without charge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Korićani Cliffs massacre", "paragraph_text": "The Korićani Cliffs massacre was the mass murder of more than 200 Bosniak and Croat men on 21 August 1992, during the Bosnian War, at the Korićani Cliffs (Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: \"Korićanske stijene\") on Mount Vlašić in central Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Serbo-Croatian", "paragraph_text": "However, most intellectuals and writers from Dalmatia who used the Štokavian dialect and practiced the Catholic faith saw themselves as part of a Croatian nation as far back as the mid-16th to 17th centuries, some 300 years before Serbo-Croatian ideology appeared. Their loyalty was first and foremost to Catholic Christendom, but when they professed an ethnic identity, they referred to themselves as \"Slovin\" and \"Illyrian\" (a sort of forerunner of Catholic baroque pan-Slavism) and Croat – these 30-odd writers over the span of c. 350 years always saw themselves as Croats first and never as part of a Serbian nation. It should also be noted that, in the pre-national era, Catholic religious orientation did not necessarily equate with Croat ethnic identity in Dalmatia. A Croatian follower of Vuk Karadžić, Ivan Broz, noted that for a Dalmatian to identify oneself as a Serb was seen as foreign as identifying oneself as Macedonian or Greek. Vatroslav Jagić pointed out in 1864:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Marinko Čavara", "paragraph_text": "Marinko Čavara (born 2 February 1967) is a Bosnian Croat politician and prominent member of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is currently President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Serbo-Croatian", "paragraph_text": "Nationalists have conflicting views about the language(s). The nationalists among the Croats conflictingly claim either that they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians or that these two peoples have, due to the longer lexicographic tradition among Croats, somehow \"borrowed\" their standard languages from them.[citation needed] Bosniak nationalists claim that both Croats and Serbs have \"appropriated\" the Bosnian language, since Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadžić preferred the Neoštokavian-Ijekavian dialect, widely spoken in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as the basis for language standardization, whereas the nationalists among the Serbs claim either that any divergence in the language is artificial, or claim that the Štokavian dialect is theirs and the Čakavian Croats'— in more extreme formulations Croats have \"taken\" or \"stolen\" their language from the Serbs.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mattersburg", "paragraph_text": "Mattersburg (formerly \"Mattersdorf\", , Croatian: \"Materštof\") is a town in Burgenland, Austria. It is the administrative center of the District of Mattersburg and home to a Bundesliga football team, SV Mattersburg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Parc Arboretum de Saint-Setiers", "paragraph_text": "The Parc Arboretum de Saint-Setiers is a private park and arboretum located in Saint-Setiers, Corrèze, Limousin, France. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Austria", "paragraph_text": "Karl Renner and Adolf Schärf (Socialist Party of Austria [Social Democrats and Revolutionary Socialists]), Leopold Kunschak (Austria's People's Party [former Christian Social People's Party]), and Johann Koplenig (Communist Party of Austria) declared Austria's secession from the Third Reich by the Declaration of Independence on 27 April 1945 and set up a provisional government in Vienna under state Chancellor Renner the same day, with the approval of the victorious Red Army and backed by Joseph Stalin. (The date is officially named the birthday of the second republic.) At the end of April, most of western and southern Austria were still under Nazi rule. On 1 May 1945, the federal constitution of 1929, which had been terminated by dictator Dollfuss on 1 May 1934, was declared valid again.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Exotenwald Weinheim", "paragraph_text": "The Exotenwald Weinheim (about 60 hectares) is a forest arboretum located beside the Schlosspark in Weinheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is open daily without charge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hokkaido University Botanical Gardens", "paragraph_text": "The are botanical gardens operated by Hokkaido University. They are located at North 3, West 8, Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan, and open daily; an admission fee is charged.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Vjekoslav Župančić", "paragraph_text": "Vjekoslav Župančić (18 May 1900 – 14 February 1971) was a Yugoslav footballer. He competed for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born and died in Zagreb.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 8555, "question": "Where are Burgenland Croats located?", "answer": "Austria", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 126049, "question": "Who was in charge of #1 ?", "answer": "Karl Renner", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "South Carolina Law Enforcement Division", "paragraph_text": "The South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) is a statewide investigative law enforcement agency in South Carolina. SLED provides manpower and technical assistance to other law enforcement agencies and conducts investigations on behalf of the state as directed by the Governor and Attorney General. SLED Headquarters is located in the state capital, Columbia, with offices in the Midlands, Piedmont, Pee Dee, and Low Country regions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "ICAC Investigators 2009", "paragraph_text": "ICAC Investigators 2009 (Traditional Chinese: 廉政行動2009; literally \"Upright Government Walk Movement 2009\") () is the 2009 installment of the ICAC Investigator series, produced by Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) and RTHK. It is broadcast on TVB Jade channel. Each criminal case is based on actual cases investigated by the ICAC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lekem", "paragraph_text": "Lekem, (also pronounced \"Lakam\") an acronym for ha-Lishka le-Kishrei Mada (, Bureau of Scientific Relations), was an Israeli intelligence agency headed by Benjamin Blumberg (1957–1981), and Rafi Eitan (1981–1986).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United States Marshals Service", "paragraph_text": "United States Marshals Service Common name U.S. Marshals Abbreviation USMS Seal of the U.S. Marshals Service Badge of a Deputy U.S. Marshal Flag of the U.S. Marshals Service Motto Justice, Integrity, Service Agency overview Formed September 24, 1789 Legal personality Governmental: Government agency Jurisdictional structure Federal agency United States Constituting instrument United States Code, Title 28, Chapter 37 General nature Federal law enforcement Civilian agency Operational structure Headquarters Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia, U.S. Sworn members 94 U.S. Marshals, 3,953 Deputy U.S. Marshals and criminal investigators Agency executive David Anderson, Acting Deputy Director Parent agency Department of Justice Website usmarshals.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Criminal Investigator II", "paragraph_text": "The Criminal Investigator II (Traditional Chinese: O記實錄II; lit. \"The O Files II\") is a 1996 Hong Kong police procedural television drama. Produced by Jonathan Chik with a screenplay edited by Chow Yuk-ming and Chiu Ching-yung, the drama is a TVB production and the direct sequel to 1995's \"The Criminal Investigator\". The story follows a team of investigators from the Organized Crime and Triad Bureau (OCTB) unit of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "paragraph_text": "The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some villages rely on \"Public Safety Officers\" who have police training but do not carry firearms. In much of the state, the troopers serve as the only police force available. In addition to enforcing traffic and criminal law, wildlife Troopers enforce hunting and fishing regulations. Due to the varied terrain and wide scope of the Troopers' duties, they employ a wide variety of land, air, and water patrol vehicles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Kevin J. Jacobsen", "paragraph_text": "Kevin J. Jacobsen (born January 29, 1958) is a retired United States Air Force Brigadier General (Special Agent) who served as the 16th Commander of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI), Quantico, VA. This field operating agency is responsible for providing commanders of U.S. Air Force activities independent, professional investigative services regarding fraud, counterintelligence, and major criminal matters. The investigations are conducted by a worldwide network of military and civilian special agents stationed at major U.S. Air Force installations and a variety of special operating locations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "From the Rough", "paragraph_text": "From the Rough is a sports drama film based on the true story of Catana Starks, a former Tennessee State Tigers swim coach, who became the first woman ever to coach a college men’s golf team. With drive, passion, and guts, she took an unruly group of mismatched kids from around the world and guided them to an all-time record at the PGA National Collegiate Minority Championship.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Reichskriminalpolizeiamt", "paragraph_text": "Reichskriminalpolizeiamt (RKPA), was Nazi Germany's central criminal investigation department, founded in 1936 after the Prussian central criminal investigation department \"(Landeskriminalpolizeiamt)\" became the national criminal investigation department for Germany. It was merged, along with the secret state police department, the \"Geheime Staatspolizei\" (Gestapo) as two sub-branch departments of the \"Sicherheitspolizei\" (SiPo). The SiPo was under Reinhard Heydrich's overall command. In September 1939, with the founding of the \"Reichssicherheitshauptamt\" (Reich Main Security office; RSHA), the \"Sicherheitspolizei\" as a functioning state agency ceased to exist as the department was merged into the RSHA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "State police (United States)", "paragraph_text": "A general trend has been to bring all of these agencies under a state - level Department of Public Safety. Additionally, they may serve under different state departments, such as the Highway Patrol under the state Department of Transportation and the Marine patrol under the Department of Natural Resources. Twenty - three U.S. states use the term ``State Police. ''Forty - nine states have a State Police agency or its equivalent, with Hawaii being the only state without a so - designated statewide police agency.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Henry Strasak", "paragraph_text": "Henry Jindrich Strasak (January 8, 1901 – May 16, 1985) was an American Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Uganda National Police", "paragraph_text": "Uganda National Police Poliisi ya Uganda Common name Uganda Police Abbreviation UP Agency overview Formed 1900s Jurisdictional structure Operations jurisdiction UG Size 241,038 square kilometres (93,065 sq mi) Population 35,918,900 Legal jurisdiction Uganda Headquarters UNP Headquarters Katalima Road Naguru, Kampala Agency executive Inspector General of Police, Martin Okoth Ochola Parent agency Uganda Ministry of Internal Affairs Units List (show) Directorate of Administration Directorate of Counter Terrorism Directorate of Criminal Investigation Directorate of Human Resource Development & Management Directorate of Information & Communication Technology Directorate of Interpol Directorate of Kampala Metropolitan Police Directorate of Logistics and Engineering Directorate of Oil and Gas Directorate of Operations Directorate of Political Commissariat Directorate of Research, Planning & Development Directorate of Special Duties Directorate of Welfare Districts Districts of Uganda Website upf.go.ug", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "True Detective (season 2)", "paragraph_text": "The season's story takes place in California and follows the interweaving stories of officers from three cooperating police departments; when California Highway Patrol officer and war veteran Paul Woodrugh (Kitsch) discovers the body of corrupt city manager Ben Caspere on the side of a highway, Vinci Police Department detective Raymond ``Ray ''Velcoro (Farrell) and Ventura County Sheriff's Office Criminal Investigation Division Sergeant Antigone`` Ani'' Bezzerides (McAdams) are called to assist in the following investigation. Career criminal Francis ``Frank ''Semyon (Vaughn) attempts to legitimize his business with his wife Jordan (Reilly) by investing in a rail project overseen by Caspere, but loses his money when Caspere is killed, prompting him to start his own investigation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Law enforcement in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Law enforcement operates primarily through governmental police agencies. There are 17,985 U.S. police agencies in the United States which include college campus police, sheriff departments, local police, and federal agencies. The law - enforcement purposes of these agencies are the investigation of suspected criminal activity, referral of the results of investigations to the courts, and the temporary detention of suspected criminals pending judicial action. Law enforcement agencies, to varying degrees at different levels of government and in different agencies, are also commonly charged with the responsibilities of deterring criminal activity and preventing the successful commission of crimes in progress. Other duties may include the service and enforcement of warrants, writs, and other orders of the courts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "PIDE", "paragraph_text": "Although the acronym PIDE was only formally used from 1945 to 1969, the set of successive secret polices that existed during the 40 years of the \"Estado Novo\" regime are commonly referred to as the PIDE. Historically, this set of police agencies is also often referred as PIDE/DGS, from the acronyms of its two last designations. It is referred to in this last way in article 293 of the Portuguese Constitution, which states its criminalization and judgment of its former officers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Crown Prosecution Service", "paragraph_text": "The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is the principal public prosecuting agency for conducting criminal prosecutions in England and Wales. It is headed by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "The Highway Patrol is the primary law enforcement entity that concentrates on highway safety regulations and general non-wildlife state law enforcement and is under the jurisdiction of the Tennessee Department of Safety. The TWRA is an independent agency tasked with enforcing all wildlife, boating, and fisheries regulations outside of state parks. The TBI maintains state-of-the-art investigative facilities and is the primary state-level criminal investigative department. Tennessee State Park Rangers are responsible for all activities and law enforcement inside the Tennessee State Parks system.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Fan Changmi", "paragraph_text": "Fan Changmi (born June 1955) is a former lieutenant-general of the People's Liberation Army of China. In December 2014, he was under investigation by the PLA's anti-corruption agency. He served as Deputy Political Commissar of the Lanzhou Military Region, one of the seven military regions in China, but was placed under investigation for corruption in 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Naval Criminal Investigative Service", "paragraph_text": "The United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) is the primary law enforcement agency of the United States Department of the Navy. Its primary function is to investigate criminal activities involving the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps, though its broad mandate includes national security, counter-intelligence, counter-terrorism, cyber warfare, and the protection of U.S. naval assets worldwide. NCIS is the successor organization to the former Naval Investigative Service (NIS), which was established by the Office of Naval Intelligence after the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 137037, "question": "Which place is From the Rough in?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 31355, "question": "What is the acronym for #1 's statewide criminal investigation agency?", "answer": "TBI", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ancient Egyptian technology", "paragraph_text": "Evidence indicates that Egyptians made use of potter's wheels in the manufacturing of pottery from as early as the 4th Dynasty. Chariots, however, are only believed to have been introduced by the invasion of the Hyksos in the Second Intermediate period; during the New Kingdom era, chariotry became central to Egypt's military.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Al-Damiri", "paragraph_text": "Al-Damiri belonged to one of the two towns called Damira near Damietta and spent his life in Egypt. Of the Shafiite school of law, he became professor of tradition in the Rukniyya at Cairo, and also at the mosque al-Azhar; in connection with this work he wrote a commentary on the \"Minhāj al-Ṭalibīn\" of Al-Nawawi.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "When You Can Fly", "paragraph_text": "When You Can Fly is the second studio album by Canadian country music artist Victoria Banks and her first album with record label distribution, which earned Banks a 2010 Canadian Indie Award nomination and six nominations at the 2009 Canadian Country Music Awards including Album of the Year, Single of the Year (\"The Wheel\"), Songwriter of the Year (\"The Wheel\"), Female Artist of the Year and Rising Star. The album was self-produced by Banks, also earning her a nomination for Producer of the Year. It was released on April 14, 2009 by On Ramp Records/EMI Canada. The album's first single \"The Wheel,\" earned a 2010 Canadian Radio Music Award nomination. Subsequent singles included \"When You Can Fly,\" \"Kiss Me, \"This Old Halo\" and \"Don't Leave the Leavin'.\" Music videos for \"The Wheel\" and \"When You Can Fly\" received airplay on CMT Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Square Rooms", "paragraph_text": "\"Square Rooms\" is a song by American singer and actor Al Corley. It was the first single from his debut album of the same name. First released in 1984, the song was a hit in some European countries and had a moderate success in the United States in 1985.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Wagon Wheel (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Wagon Wheel ''Song by Old Crow Medicine Show from the album O.C.M.S. Released February 24, 2004 Recorded 2003 at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee Genre Country Americana folk bluegrass Length 3: 52 Label Nettwerk Songwriter (s) Bob Dylan Ketch Secor Producer (s) David Rawlings O.C.M.S. track listing`` We're All in This Together'' (10) ``Wagon Wheel ''(11) Music video`` Wagon Wheel'' on YouTube", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Fort Henry Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Fort Henry Bridge is a crossing of the Ohio River main channel in Wheeling, West Virginia. The tied-arch bridge carries two lanes in each direction of Interstate 70 (I-70), U.S. Route 40 (US 40), and US 250. The bridge opened after four years of construction work on September 8, 1955, costing $6.8 million, $1.8 million over budget. The bridge, along with the aging Wheeling Suspension Bridge, are the only two road links from Wheeling Island to downtown Wheeling. In 2009, the structure carried an average of over 60,000 vehicles per day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Love Is Like a Spinning Wheel", "paragraph_text": "\"Love Is Like a Spinning Wheel\" is a single by American country music artist Jan Howard. Released in November 1971, the song reached #36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. The single was later released on Howard's 1972 album of the same name. The song became Howard's first solo top forty single in two years. The song became a major hit in Canada, peaking at #14 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart, her last solo single to chart in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Front-wheel drive", "paragraph_text": "Front - wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front - wheel - drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear - wheel - drive and four - wheel drive vehicles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Four-wheel drive", "paragraph_text": "American Motors introduced the innovative Eagle for the 1980 model year. These were the first American mass production cars to use the complete front - engine, four - wheel drive system. The AMC Eagle was offered as a sedan, coupe, and station wagon with permanent automatic all - wheel - drive passenger models. The new Eagles combined Jeep technology with an existing and proven AMC passenger automobile platform. They ushered a whole new product category of ``sport - utility ''or crossover SUV. AMC's Eagles came with the comfort and high - level appointments expected of regular passenger models and used the off - road technology for an extra margin of safety and traction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Electric Vehicle (1899 automobile)", "paragraph_text": "The Electric Vehicle was an American automobile manufactured only in 1899. An electric cab, it was widely used in New York City; the company pioneered the use of pressed steel for wheels, and its cars featured front-wheel drive and brakes and rear wheel steering.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Driving Wheel", "paragraph_text": "\"Driving Wheel\", also called \"Drivin' Wheel\" or \"Driving Wheel Blues\", is blues song recorded by Roosevelt Sykes (listed as \"The Honey Dripper\" on early singles) in 1936. It became a standard of the blues and has been recorded by numerous artists, including Junior Parker and Al Green, who had \"Billboard\" magazine charts successes with the song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Computer", "paragraph_text": "Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the early 11th century. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235. Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe, an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels, circa 1000 AD.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Potter's wheel", "paragraph_text": "In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of round ceramic ware. The wheel may also be used during the process of trimming the excess body from dried ware, and for applying incised decoration or rings of colour. Use of the potter's wheel became widespread throughout the Old World but was unknown in the Pre-Columbian New World, where pottery was handmade by methods that included coiling and beating.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani", "paragraph_text": "Sheikha Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani (; born 1983) is the sister of Qatar's ruling Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, and daughter of the country's Father Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and former First Lady Moza bint Nasser. Al-Mayassa was declared the most influential person in art on ArtReview's Power 100, and prominently appears on the Time 100, and Forbes' The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. Al-Mayassa serves as Chairperson of Qatar Museums, and it was reported by Bloomberg that her annual acquisition budget on behalf of the organization is estimated at $1 billion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "IPod Mini", "paragraph_text": "The iPod Mini used the touch-sensitive scroll wheel of the third generation iPod. However, instead of the four touch buttons located above the wheel, the buttons were redesigned as mechanical switches beneath the wheel itself—hence the name \"click wheel\". To use one of the four buttons, the user physically pushes the edge of the wheel inward over one of the four labels. Like its predecessors, the wheel was developed for Apple by Synaptics. The click wheel is now also used in the fourth, fifth and sixth generation iPods and the iPod Nano, from first generation through the fifth; however, in the Nano and 5G iPods onwards, the click wheel used was developed by Apple.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Baggage", "paragraph_text": "Luggage carriers -- light - weight wheeled carts or harnesses on which luggage could be temporarily place or that can be temporarily attached to luggage -- date at least to the 1930s, such as in US patent 2,132,316 ``Luggage carrier ''by Anne W. Newton (filed 1937, published 1938). These were refined over the following decades, as reflected in patents such as US patent 2,650,105 A`` Luggage carriage'' (filed 1949, published 1953) and US patent 2,670,969 ``Luggage carriage harness, both by Kent R. Costikyan. However, the wheels were external to the suitcases. Patents were published for wheeled luggage -- a wheeled trunk in 1887, and a wheeled suitcase in 1945 -- but these were not successfully commercialized.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "World's Columbian Exposition", "paragraph_text": "It included carnival rides, among them the original Ferris Wheel, built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr... This wheel was 264 feet (80 m) high and had 36 cars, each of which could accommodate 40 people. The importance of the Columbian Exposition is highlighted by the use of rueda de Chicago (``Chicago wheel '') in many Latin American countries such as Costa Rica and Chile in reference to the Ferris wheel. One attendee, George C. Tilyou, later credited the sights he saw on the Chicago midway for inspiring him to create America's first major amusement park, Steeplechase Park in Coney Island, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Comstar wheel", "paragraph_text": "The Comstar wheel, sometimes referred to as Com-stars or stylised as ComStar, was a composite motorcycle wheel that Honda fitted to many of its motorcycles from 1977 to the mid 1980s. Its design allowed it the option of being fitted with tubeless tyres and its use on the Honda CX500 was the first time tubeless tyres had been designed for a production motorcycle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa", "paragraph_text": "Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa ( \"\"; born 28 January 1950) is the King of Bahrain. He has been the monarch of Bahrain since 6 March 1999, initially reigning as emir, and from 14 February 2002, as the first king. He is the son of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the previous and first emir. The country has been ruled by the Al Khalifa dynasty since 1783.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Al Quwa Al Jawiya Stadium () is a multi-use stadium in Baghdad, Iraq. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Al Quwa Al Jawiya. The stadium holds 10,000 people.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 102993, "question": "What country was Al-Damiri in?", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 66047, "question": "when was the wheel first used in #1", "answer": "4th Dynasty", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Scusa se è poco", "paragraph_text": "Scusa se è poco is a 1982 Italian comedy film written and directed by Marco Vicario and starring Monica Vitti, Ugo Tognazzi and Diego Abatantuono.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Vincenzo Balzani", "paragraph_text": "Vincenzo Balzani (born 15 November 1936 in Forlimpopoli, Italy) is an Italian chemist, now emeritus professor at the University of Bologna.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Circus Circus Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "Circus Circus was opened on October 18, 1968 by Jay Sarno and Stanley Mallin, becoming the flagship casino for Circus Circus Enterprises. Architects Rissman and Rissman Associates designed a giant circus tent shaped main structure, which was built by R.C. Johnson Construction of Las Vegas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Circus Maximus", "paragraph_text": "Circus Maximus Modern (1978) view of the Circus site from the south - east Location Regio XI Circus Maximus Built in Old Kingdom era Type of structure Circus Circus Maximus", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Circus of Carthage", "paragraph_text": "The Circus of Carthage is a Roman circus in Carthage, in present-day Tunisia. Used for chariot racing, it was modeled on the Circus Maximus in Rome and other circus buildings throughout the Roman Empire. Measuring more than 470 m in length and 30 m in width, it could house up to 45,000 spectators, roughly one third of the Circus Maximus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ugo Balzani", "paragraph_text": "Count Ugo Balzani (6 November 1847 – 27 February 1916) was an Italian historian, born in Rome and educated there in the universities of that city. He became known as a distinguished scholar in his chosen field and honors were heaped upon him at home and abroad. He was made a member of the Reale Accademia dei Lincei and of the Istitutio Storico Italiano, and was chosen president of the Reale Società romana di storia patria. In England the University of Oxford conferred upon him the honorary degree of D.Litt in October 1902, in connection with the tercentenary of the Bodleian Library, and the British Academy elected him a corresponding fellow. He contributed many articles and reports to various institutions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Humpty Dumpty Circus", "paragraph_text": "The Humpty Dumpty Circus was an animated short film made by director and producer J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith, the Anglo-American founders of Vitagraph Studios. The short has been thought to have been the first film to use the stop-motion technique, based on an estimated release date of 1897 or 1898. The film featured a circus with acrobats and animals in motion. According to Smith, they used his daughter's set of small circus dolls, which had jointed limbs so they could be balanced in place. This toy set was most likely the popular \"Humpty Dumpty Circus\" produced by Schoenhut Piano Company between 1903 and 1930.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "His Women", "paragraph_text": "His Women () is a 1961 Italian comedy film directed by and starring Ugo Tognazzi. It was shown as part of a retrospective on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre, which opened in October 2006. It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already \"ten years out of date\". In contrast, the Theatre Royal's production and education centre, TR2, which was built on wasteland at Cattedown, was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ugo Pietro Spinola", "paragraph_text": "Ugo Pietro Spinola (29 June 1791 – 21 January 1858) was a Catholic cardinal and was Apostolic Nuncio to Austria and camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Liverpool Olympia", "paragraph_text": "The Liverpool Olympia was built in 1905 For Moss Empires Ltd by architect Frank Matcham as a purpose built indoor circus and variety theatre. The theatre was a response to the enormous success of Thomas Barrasford's Royal Hippodrome Theatre (4,000 capacity, built 1902, demolished 1984) which stood a very short distance away; the Olympia never managed to meet the success of the Hippodrome, and never managed a profit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sri Lankan elephant", "paragraph_text": "The Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) is one of three recognised subspecies of the Asian elephant, and native to Sri Lanka. Since 1986, Elephas maximus has been listed as endangered by IUCN as the population has declined by at least 50% over the last three generations, estimated to be 60–75 years. The species is primarily threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation.Elephas maximus maximus is the type subspecies of the Asian elephant, first described by Carl Linnaeus under the binominal Elephas maximus in 1758.The Sri Lankan elephant population is now largely restricted to the dry zone in the north, east and southeast of Sri Lanka. Elephants are present in Udawalawe National Park, Yala National Park, Lunugamvehera National Park, Wilpattu National Park and Minneriya National Park but also live outside protected areas. It is estimated that Sri Lanka has the highest density of elephants in Asia. Human-elephant conflict is increasing due to conversion of elephant habitat to settlements and permanent cultivation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Victor Pépin", "paragraph_text": "Victor Adolphus Pépin (March 8, 1780 – 1845) was an American circus performer and circus owner most famous for being a partner in the Circus of Pépin and Breschard. The Circus of Pépin and Breschard can thus be considered the first American circus and Pépin the first American circus impresario.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Omicron (film)", "paragraph_text": "Omicron is a 1963 Italian science fiction-comedy film directed by Ugo Gregoretti. The film entered the competition at the 24th Venice International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Fabius Stanly", "paragraph_text": "Fabius Maximus Stanly (15 December 1815 – 5 December 1882) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy, who served during the Mexican and Civil Wars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Blackpool Tower", "paragraph_text": "Animals appeared in the circus until 1990. It was planned to close the circus at the end of the 1990 season and replace it with an animatronic attraction. Public opinion and the fact the animatronics were not ready meant that the circus continued.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus", "paragraph_text": "Independently of Castello and Coup, James Anthony Bailey had teamed up with James E. Cooper to create the Cooper and Bailey Circus in the 1860s. The Cooper and Bailey Circus became the chief competitor to Barnum's circus. As Bailey's circus was outperforming his, Barnum sought to merge the circuses. The two groups agreed to combine their shows on March 28, 1881. Initially named ``P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show On Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United '', it was eventually shortened to`` Barnum and Bailey's Circus''. Bailey was instrumental in acquiring Jumbo, advertised as the world's largest elephant, for the show. Barnum died in 1891 and Bailey then purchased the circus from his widow. Bailey continued touring the eastern United States until he took his circus to Europe. That tour started on December 27, 1897, and lasted until 1902.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Circus Bassie & Adriaan", "paragraph_text": "Circus Bassie & Adriaan was a large Dutch circus that had made different tours through the Netherlands and Belgium. It has been touring in the periods 1980-1982 and 1985-1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus Maximus", "paragraph_text": "Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus Maximus (died 210 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 211 BC. As consul, Fulvius defended Rome against Hannibal with his colleague Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus during the Second Punic War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ugo Cantelli", "paragraph_text": "Ugo Cantelli (30 March 1903 – 23 April 1972) was an Italian sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle, prone event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144960, "question": "What is the place of birth of Ugo Balzani?", "answer": "Rome", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 79860, "question": "when was the circus maximus built in #1", "answer": "Old Kingdom era", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hoosic River", "paragraph_text": "The Hoosic River, also known as the Hoosac, the Hoosick (primarily in New York) and the Hoosuck (mostly archaic), is a tributary of the Hudson River in the northeastern United States. The different spellings are the result of varying transliterations of the river's original Algonquian name. It can be translated either as \"the beyond place\" (as in beyond, or east of, the Hudson) or as \"the stony place\" (perhaps because the river's stony bottom is usually exposed except in spring, or perhaps because local soils are so stony).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Vyoksa River", "paragraph_text": "The Vyoksa River () is a river running in the western part of the Kostroma Oblast in the Central Russia. The river originates at the outflow of Lake Galichskoye. The Vyoksa River runs 84 kilometres (52 mi) and drains into the Kostroma River in the town of Buy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rhine", "paragraph_text": "The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed (\"dammed\") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century fundamentally. Currently Rhine water runs into the sea, or into former marine bays now separated from the sea, in five places, namely at the mouths of the Nieuwe Merwede, Nieuwe Waterway (Nieuwe Maas), Dordtse Kil, Spui and IJssel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Murr (river)", "paragraph_text": "The is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, right tributary of the Neckar. The river gave its name to a small town on its banks, Murr, and to the Rems-Murr-Kreis district, which was also named after the river Rems, which runs roughly parallel to the south of the Murr.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Pader (river)", "paragraph_text": "The Pader is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, left tributary of the Lippe. It runs through the city of Paderborn, which it gave its name. Although fairly wide, it is only 4 km in length which makes it the shortest river this size of Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Qualicum River", "paragraph_text": "The Qualicum River /in the Pentlach language = \"Where the Dog Salmon Run\" / (marked on highway signs in the area as the Big Qualicum River) is a river on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, flowing northeast from its headwaters in Horne Lake into the Strait of Georgia just south of Qualicum Bay, near the town of Qualicum Beach. The river's name comes from that of the Qualicum people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "I Am Number Four", "paragraph_text": "A prelude of the killing of one of the Garde children -- No. 3 -- by Mogadorians. This story is about a 15 - year - old boy named John Smith. He has been on the run from the age of 4, and he is from a planet called Lorien.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sikanni Chief, British Columbia", "paragraph_text": "Sikanni Chief is an unincorporated locality in the Northern Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the north bank of the Sikanni Chief River, at an elevation of . Highway 97 / Alaska Highway runs through this place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chuanhui District", "paragraph_text": "Chuanhui District () is a district of the city of Zhoukou, Henan province, China. It lies at the intersection of the Ying River, Sha River and Jialu River. The name \"Chuanhui\" means that three rivers come across. From 17th century to 19th century, it was an important port in China's Inland Waterway System, connecting Huai River and Yellow River. Now it is the place where the government of Zhoukou City locates.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Meeting Across the River", "paragraph_text": "\"Meeting Across the River\" is the seventh track on Bruce Springsteen's breakthrough 1975 album, \"Born to Run\"; it also appeared as the B-side of \"Born to Run\", the lead single from that album. The song is often paired with \"Jungleland\" in concert, though without the Randy Brecker trumpet part from the record and with regular bass guitarist Garry Tallent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sparkle Friends", "paragraph_text": "Sparkle Friends is a New Zealand animated series produced by Mukpuddy Animation for New Zealand's long running children's show, \"What Now\". The series stars the \"What Now\" presenters as children and a creature named Gun-gi, who vomits gunge, something that features heavily in \"What Now\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of tributaries of Catawissa Creek", "paragraph_text": "Catawissa Creek is a long creek flowing into the Susquehanna River with 26 named tributaries, of which 19 are direct tributaries. The creek flows through Luzerne, Schuylkill, and Columbia counties in Pennsylvania. The two shortest tributaries are approximately long, while the longest is about in length. The tributaries include seventeen runs, six creeks, and three hollows (unnamed streams named after named valleys that they flow through). By length, the five largest tributaries of Catawissa Creek are Little Catawissa Creek, Tomhicken Creek, Scotch Run, Beaver Run, and Messers Run. By watershed area, the five largest tributaries are Tomhicken Creek, Little Catawissa Creek, Beaver Run, Scotch Run, and Messers Run.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Children Without", "paragraph_text": "Children Without is a 1964 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim, about a young girl and her brother growing up in the housing projects of Detroit. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short, losing to another film by Guggenheim, \"Nine from Little Rock\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "The name \"\" was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name \"Niger\", which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name \"egerew n-igerewen\" used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Hjartdøla", "paragraph_text": "Hjartdøla is a river in Hjartdal municipality in Telemark, Norway. The river is formed at the convergence of Skjesvatnet, Breidvatnet and Bjordøla. From here, it runs through Hjartsjå and Hjartdal, before in Heddal it changes its name to the Heddøla, which runs into Heddalsvatnet. The whole watercourse is known as Skiensvassdraget.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "HMCS Yukon (DDE 263)", "paragraph_text": "HMCS \"Yukon\" was a that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and later the Canadian Forces. She was the first Canadian naval unit to carry the name. She was named for the Yukon River that runs from British Columbia through Yukon and into Alaska in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ga'aton River", "paragraph_text": "The Ga'aton River (, Nehar HaGa'aton) is a small river in the Northern District of Israel. It passes through the town of Nahariya before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. The river runs through the main street of Nahariya, a city that takes its name from the river (\"nahar\" means river in Hebrew).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as \"Central Sudan\". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Arado River", "paragraph_text": "Arado (plow) River in the north of Portugal. The river's source is the Gerês Mountain, and the mouth cascades into the Fafião river, (41°42'10.88\"N; 8° 6'33.50\"W), Fafião place, Cabril village, Montalegre municipality. From Arado cascate (41°43'25.53\"N; 8° 7'46.98\"W) till the mouth, runs .", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136418, "question": "Which place is Children Without in?", "answer": "Detroit", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 26004, "question": "What is the name of the river that runs through #1 ?", "answer": "Detroit River", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "I Just Want to Be Your Everything", "paragraph_text": "``I Just Want to Be Your Everything ''was written by Barry Gibb in Bermuda as well as`` (Love Is) Thicker Than Water'' with Andy Gibb credited as co-writer on the latter. It was recorded in October 1976; the sessions were produced mainly by Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson and with Barry on this track and ``(Love Is) Thicker than Water ''; Galuten also played keyboards and piano. Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh contributed guitar on this song. The track is a fairly dramatic love song, with the singer declaring his unending passion and stating that without her, he would die.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "People on Sunday", "paragraph_text": "\"People on Sunday\" is notable not only for its portrayal of daily life in Berlin shortly before Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, but also as an early work by the future Hollywood writer/director Billy Wilder before he moved to the United States to escape from Hitler's Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "New Hampshire", "paragraph_text": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by area and the 10th least populous of the 50 states. Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, ``Live Free or Die ''. The state's nickname,`` The Granite State'', refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tears of the Sun", "paragraph_text": "Willis produced \"Tears of the Sun\" through Cheyenne Enterprises, his production company, and took the title from an early sub–title for \"Live Free or Die Hard\", the fourth film in the \"Die Hard\" series. He filmed the sequel on the condition that he could use its sub-title for his SEALs war film. The cast of \"Tears of the Sun\" includes actual African refugees living in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Scream (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "On October 1, 2015, the entire first season of Scream became available to stream instantly on Netflix worldwide except in the United States. On May 13, 2016, the first season of Scream became available on Netflix in the United States. The streaming service started to broadcast the second season weekly on May 31, 2016, with a one - day delay with respect to the original United States broadcast. On September 30, 2016, the second season of Scream became available on Netflix in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Kutch State", "paragraph_text": "On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the States Reorganisation Act, absorbing various territories including Kutch State, which ceased to exist. It became Kutch district in Bombay State. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was bifurcated on linguistic lines forming Gujarat and Maharashtra states and Kutch district became a part of Gujarat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "51st state", "paragraph_text": "Before Alaska and Hawaii became states of the United States in 1959, the corresponding expression was ``the 49th state ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Francisco José Pinheiro", "paragraph_text": "Francisco José Pinheiro (born September 28, 1954 in Jaguaribe, Brazil), better known as Professor Pinheiro, is a Brazilian historian, writer and politician. He was deputy governor of the state of Ceará (one of Brazil's states in the northeast region), in the first term of Governor Cid Gomes. Today was elected state representative, but took over as head of the Secretary of Culture of the state of Ceará.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Theodore Roosevelt", "paragraph_text": "Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (/ ˈroʊzəvɛlt / ROH - zə - velt; October 27, 1858 -- January 6, 1919) was an American statesman and writer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He also served as the 25th Vice President of the United States from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd Governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century. His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore, alongside those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The legal history of cannabis in the United States began with state - level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with Oregon in 1973, individual states began to liberalize cannabis laws through decriminalization. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical cannabis, sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, Colorado and Washington became the first states to legalize cannabis for recreational use.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Domício da Gama", "paragraph_text": "Domício da Gama (October 23, 1862 – November 8, 1925) was a journalist, diplomat and writer from Brazil. He was Brazil's ambassador to the United States from 1911 to 1918. In 1918 he became Brazil's minister for Foreign Affairs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Orcs Must Die! 2", "paragraph_text": "Orcs Must Die! 2 is a trap based action-tower defense video game that Robot Entertainment developed as the follow-up to the original \"Orcs Must Die!\", with Microsoft Game Studios publishing the sequel for Microsoft Windows on July 30, 2012 in the United States. On April 2, 2012, Microsoft announced the development of \"Orcs Must Die! 2\" at the Penny Arcade Expo in Boston (PAX East), with their emphasis on co-operative gameplay as the principal addition over the original.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nobody Wanted to Die", "paragraph_text": "Nobody Wanted to Die (, ) is a 1966 Lithuanian film made in Soviet Lithuania and directed by Vytautas Žalakevičius. Žalakevičius, actor Donatas Banionis, and cinematographer Jonas Gricius were awarded USSR State Prize for the film in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Delaware (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Delaware\" is a popular song, written by Irving Gordon. The song was published in 1959 and has references to 15 states of the United States. The states were portrayed, in the form of puns, as: Della wear, New Jersey, Calla 'phone ya, how ar' ya, Missus sip, mini-soda, Ora gone, I'll ask 'er, taxes, Wiscon sin, new brass key, Arkan saw, Tenne see, Flora die and misery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Merch Bradt Stewart", "paragraph_text": "Merch Bradt Stewart (June 24, 1875 – July 3, 1934), often called M. B. Stewart was a writer, educator, and career United States Army officer who became superintendent of the United States Military Academy. Stewart authored several U.S. Army manuals, penned a popular narrative of his considerable experiences as second lieutenant in the Spanish–American War, and in the years preceding World War I wrote essays informing the public on issues of physical and military education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Home on the Range", "paragraph_text": "``Home on the Range ''is a classic western folk song sometimes called the`` unofficial anthem'' of the American West. The lyrics were originally written by Dr. Brewster M. Higley of Smith County, Kansas, in a poem entitled ``My Western Home ''in 1872. In 1947, it became the state song of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 western songs of all time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Death Mills", "paragraph_text": "Death Mills (or Die Todesmühlen) is a 1945 American film directed by Billy Wilder and produced by the United States Department of War. The film was intended for German audiences to educate them about the atrocities committed by the Nazi regime. For the German version, \"Die Todesmühlen\", Hanus Burger is credited as the writer and director, while Wilder supervised the editing. Wilder is credited with directing the English-language version.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Die Hippie, Die", "paragraph_text": "\"Die Hippie, Die\" is the second episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 127th episode overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 16, 2005. In the episode, Cartman works to rid South Park from an infestation of hippies. The episode parodies the 2003 film \"The Core\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Amalie Schoppe", "paragraph_text": "Her friends included Rosa Maria Assing, Justinus Kerner and Adelbert von Chamisso, along with the young poet Friedrich Hebbel, whom she introduced to patrons and allowed to use her study. From 1827 to 1846 she edited the Pariser Modeblätter as well writing literary articles for it. She also wrote for several other magazines and from 1831 to 1839 edited the young peoples' magazine Iduna. From 1842 to 1845 she lived in Jena, before moving back to Hamburg and finally in 1851 to the United States of America with her son, where she died aged 66 in Schenectady, New York", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "New York (state)", "paragraph_text": "About one - third of the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York; the first major battle after U.S. independence was declared -- and the largest battle of the entire war -- was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a. Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General George Washington's intelligence network. On the notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay, more American combatants died of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. Both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, a success that influenced France to ally with the revolutionaries. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 157791, "question": "In what state did the writer die?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 69825, "question": "when did #1 state became a state", "answer": "July 26, 1788", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Beattyville, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Beattyville is a home rule-class city in Lee County, Kentucky, in the United States. The city was formally established by the state assembly as Beatty in 1851 and incorporated in 1872. It was named for Samuel Beatty, a pioneer settler.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Wiehre", "paragraph_text": "Wiehre (preceded in German with the definite article \"die:\" \"\"die Wiehre\"\") is a residential district at the edge of Freiburg im Breisgau, located southwards and across the River Dreisam from the Old City. It is a desirable district, with comparatively quiet streets and many well-preserved commercial and residential buildings dating from the 18th century and earlier. Housing there is expensive relative to the rest of the city. The Wiehre is bordered on the west by the Rheintalbahn Karlsruhe-Basel, on the north by the Dreisam, on the east by the Waldsee (another district of Freiburg), and on the south by a wood known as the Sternwald am Bromberg and the village of Günterstal (which also belongs to Freiburg). The Günterstal Landstrasse, which begins at the St. Martin's Gate in the ancient town wall, bisects the Wiehre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Robert Throckmorton", "paragraph_text": "Born by 1513, Robert Throckmorton was the eldest son and heir of Sir George Throckmorton (died 1552) by Katherine Vaux, daughter of Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden (died 1523). He had several notable brothers, in descending seniority: Sir Kenelm Throckmorton, Sir Clement Throckmorton MP, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton (1515–1571), Thomas, Sir John Throckmorton (1524–1580), Anthony, and George.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Roberts Vaux Junior High School", "paragraph_text": "The Promise Academy at Roberts Vaux High School (commonly referred to as 'Roberts Vaux Promise Academy) is a historic high school school building located in the North Central neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was designed by Irwin T. Catharine and built in 1936-1938. It is a four-story, 23 bay, \"U\"-shaped yellow brick building in a Moderne / Art Deco-style. It features projecting end pavilions, terra cotta decorative work, and a two-story stone Tudor-arched entryway. It was named for American jurist, abolitionist, and philanthropist Roberts Vaux (1786-1836). Jacob C. White, Jr. served as principal from 1864 to 1896 and was the first black school principal in Philadelphia. During his tenure, White reformed the institute and became the leading figure in the field of urban education in Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Robert Walton Goelet", "paragraph_text": "Robert Walton Goelet (March 19, 1880 – May 2, 1941) was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. He was one of the largest property owners in the city by the time of his death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted William Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown section. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for brotherly love (from philos, \"love\" or \"friendship\", and adelphos, \"brother\"). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, far more than afforded by most other colonies, led to better relations with the local Native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city. Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, as they crowded by the Delaware River, the port, and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. It became an important trading center, poor at first, but with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Williston, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Williston is a city in Levy County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,768. The city was established before 1885 by J. M. Willis, who named it after himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Kathmandu", "paragraph_text": "Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), in order to promote international relations has established an International Relations Secretariat (IRC). KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States. This activity has been further enhanced by establishing formal relationships with 8 other cities: Motsumoto City of Japan, Rochester of the USA, Yangon (formerly Rangoon) of Myanmar, Xi'an of the People's Republic of China, Minsk of Belarus, and Pyongyang of the Democratic Republic of Korea. KMC's constant endeavor is to enhance its interaction with SAARC countries, other International agencies and many other major cities of the world to achieve better urban management and developmental programs for Kathmandu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Roberts Vaux", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the eldest son of a well-known Quaker family (Richard and Anne Roberts Vaux) and connected by marriage to another such family, the Wistars. He received his education at private schools of Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Solomon R. Guggenheim", "paragraph_text": "Solomon Robert Guggenheim (February 2, 1861 – November 3, 1949) was an American businessman and art collector. He is best known for establishing the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Knutsford, Kamloops", "paragraph_text": "Knutsford is a neighbourhood of the City of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, located on the south side of that city just west of Peterson Creek. It is named for Knutsford, Cheshire, by Robert Longridge, who took up ranching in the area in 1912.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sureños.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Josefina Lavalle", "paragraph_text": "Josefina Lavalle (born Mexico City, January 29, 1924 – died Mexico City, May 25, 2009) was a Mexican ballet dancer, choreographer and ballet director. She established together with Guillermina Bravo the national ballet company in Mexico City in 1948", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Coalmont, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Coalmont is a city in Grundy County, Tennessee, United States. Established in 1904, the city has an area of 6 square smiles. The population was 841 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chernyayevsky Forest", "paragraph_text": "Chernyayevsky Forest () is a forest in the city of Perm, Russia, in Industrialny and Dzerzhinsky city districts. The total area of forest in 2003 was 689.9 ha. The forest is under direction of \"Municipal Establishment \"Perm City Forestry\"\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Robert Benjamin Lewis", "paragraph_text": "After living for almost twenty years in the city of Hallowell, Robert Benjamin Lewis moved his family to the city of Bath, Maine, about 1848, where he built a cottage near the Sagadahoc County court house on Lincoln street.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Way Through the Night", "paragraph_text": "The Way Through the Night (German:Der Weg durch die Nacht) is a 1929 German silent film directed by Robert Dinesen and starring Käthe von Nagy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Rapid City, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Rapid City (Lakota: Mni Lúzahaŋ Otȟúŋwahe; ``Swift Water City '') is the second most populous city in South Dakota and the county seat of Pennington County. Named after Rapid Creek, on which the city is established, it is set against the eastern slope of the Black Hills mountain range. The population was 67,956 as of the 2010 Census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Emile Capgras", "paragraph_text": "He was elected as a Le Robert city councilor in 1983. He was later appointed Deputy Mayor of Le Robert from 1995 to 1997 under then Mayor Edouard de Lépine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)", "paragraph_text": "London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London, England. It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona. The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge, which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London. McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City, a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu. The bridge was completed in 1971 (along with a canal), and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146207, "question": "In what city did Roberts Vaux die?", "answer": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 30651, "question": "When was #1 established as a city?", "answer": "1701", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Carpina", "paragraph_text": "Carpina is a city in Pernambuco, Brazil. Its economy is based on commerce and footwear industry. Its current mayor is Manoel Botafogo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mayor of Los Angeles", "paragraph_text": "The Mayor of the City of Los Angeles is the official head and chief executive officer of Los Angeles, California. The mayor is elected for a four - year term and limited to serving no more than two terms. Under the California Constitution, all judicial, school, county, and city offices, including those of chartered cities, are nonpartisan. The 42nd and current Mayor is Eric Garcetti.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Back Benches", "paragraph_text": "Back Benches was a New Zealand political interview show, presented by Wallace Chapman and Damian Christie. It was primarily filmed at the Backbencher pub, across the street from Parliament Buildings in Wellington. The show was previously aired live on Wednesday nights on the Television New Zealand channel and was rebroadcast on Thursday mornings, Friday nights, and Saturday mornings. Currently Prime TV has picked up the broadcast rights for the show which is still recorded live on Wednesday nights at 6:30pm but actually goes to air delayed at 10:30pm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Night Mayor", "paragraph_text": "Night Mayor is a 2009 short film by Guy Maddin, about a fictional inventor in Winnipeg who uses the Aurora Borealis to broadcast images of Canada from coast to coast in 1939, until the Canadian government shuts down his illegal project.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "A Night at the Roxbury", "paragraph_text": "Wealthy Yemeni - American brothers Steve (Will Ferrell) and Doug Butabi (Chris Kattan) enjoy frequenting nightclubs, where they bob their heads in unison to Eurodance, a subgenre of dance music, and fail miserably at picking up women. Their goal is to party at the Roxbury, a fabled Los Angeles nightclub where they are continually denied entry by a hulking bouncer.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Roxbury High Fort", "paragraph_text": "Roxbury High Fort is a historic fort site on Beech Glen Street at Fort Avenue in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The site now contains a small park and the Cochituate Standpipe, also known as Fort Hill Tower, built in 1869. The fort site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The site inspired the name of the Fort Hill neighborhood which surrounds the area of the High Fort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 decibels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "History of Wrigley Field", "paragraph_text": "In the fall of 1987, Chicago mayor Harold Washington proposed a compromise ordinance to the Chicago City Council which allowed the Cubs to install lights, but limited the number of night games. Washington died a week after the compromise was proposed, but the city eventually approved a compromise in February 1988 under interim mayor Eugene Sawyer. Major League Baseball responded by awarding the Cubs the 1990 All - Star Game.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Raeanne Presley", "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sournia", "paragraph_text": "The current mayor of Sournia is Paul Blanc, a senator, of the centre-right and right wing party UMP founded by Jacques Chirac.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Eton College", "paragraph_text": "Eton College has links with some private schools in India today, maintained from the days of the British Raj, such as The Doon School and Mayo College. Eton College is also a member of the G20 Schools Group, a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world, including Turkey's Robert College, the United States' Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, Australia's Scotch College, Melbourne Grammar School and Launceston Church Grammar School, Singapore's Raffles Institution, and Switzerland's International School of Geneva. Eton has recently fostered[when?] a relationship with the Roxbury Latin School, a traditional all-boys private school in Boston, USA. Former Eton headmaster and provost Sir Eric Anderson shares a close friendship with Roxbury Latin Headmaster emeritus F. Washington Jarvis; Anderson has visited Roxbury Latin on numerous occasions, while Jarvis briefly taught theology at Eton after retiring from his headmaster post at Roxbury Latin. The headmasters' close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship, an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton. Hennessy Scholars generally reside in Wotton house.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "The Mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of government of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint deputy mayors, department heads, and aides; and approve or veto ordinances passed by the City Council. The mayor is popularly elected in a nonpartisan general election. The office is held for a four - year term without term limits, although the current term is a four - and - a-half - year term, due to a change in election dates.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Roxbury, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Roxbury is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,700 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Alden Corners and Roxbury are located in the town. The unincorporated community of Lutheran Hill is also located partially in the town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Brookport, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Brookport is a city in Massac County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,054 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Micropolitan Statistical Area. The current Mayor of Brookport, Tami Wessel, is one of nine Libertarian mayors in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Osterøy", "paragraph_text": "Currently, the mayor is Jarle Skeidsvoll of the Christian Democratic Party. He was elected in 2015 and will serve until 2019. From 2003-2015, the mayor of Osterøy was Kari Foseid Aakre from the Labour Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Boppard", "paragraph_text": "The mayor is elected every eight years. Boppard's current mayor, elected on 1 August 1997 and again on 10 April 2005, is Dr. Walter Bersch (born 1954), and his deputies are Dr. Heinz Bengart, Ruth Schneider and Horst-Peter Hassbach.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Havana", "paragraph_text": "The current mayor of Havana (\"President of the People's Power Provincial Assembly\") is Marta Hernández Romero, she was elected on March 5, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "George Lewis (politician)", "paragraph_text": "George Lewis was an American politician, who served as the ninth, and final, Mayor of Roxbury, Massachusetts from 1863-1867. Lewis was born in Roxbury to Eliajh Lewis and Elizabeth Sumner (Doggetrt) Lewis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "A Night at the Roxbury", "paragraph_text": "A Night at the Roxbury Theatrical release poster Directed by John Fortenberry Produced by Lorne Michaels Amy Heckerling Written by Will Ferrell Chris Kattan Steve Koren Starring Will Ferrell Chris Kattan Dan Hedaya Molly Shannon Richard Grieco Music by David Kitay Cinematography Francis Kenny Edited by Jay Kamen Production company SNL Studios Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date October 2, 1998 (1998 - 10 - 02) Running time 82 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $17 million Box office $30.3 million", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 44082, "question": "where was a night at the roxbury filmed", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 81574, "question": "who is the current mayor of #1", "answer": "Eric Garcetti", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sport in Ecuador", "paragraph_text": "Sports in Ecuador influence the culture and its people. Futbol the most popular sport, followed by baseball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Germans", "paragraph_text": "Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Vatican Cricket Team", "paragraph_text": "The Vatican Cricket Team is an amateur cricket team established by the Vatican to help establish ties between the Catholic Church and countries and regions where the sport is popular including India and the Caribbean and to encourage inter-faith dialogue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "In October 1961, Nasser embarked on a major nationalization program for Egypt, believing the total adoption of socialism was the answer to his country's problems and would have prevented Syria's secession. In order to organize and solidify his popular base with Egypt's citizens and counter the army's influence, Nasser introduced the National Charter in 1962 and a new constitution. The charter called for universal health care, affordable housing, vocational schools, greater women's rights and a family planning program, as well as widening the Suez Canal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "The most popular spectator sports in Israel are association football and basketball. The Israeli Premier League is the country's premier football league, and the Israeli Basketball Super League is the premier basketball league. Maccabi Haifa, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Beitar Jerusalem are the largest sports clubs. Maccabi Tel Aviv, Maccabi Haifa and Hapoel Tel Aviv have competed in the UEFA Champions League and Hapoel Tel Aviv reached the UEFA Cup quarter-finals. Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C. has won the European championship in basketball six times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "List of governors of Puerto Rico", "paragraph_text": "No Portrait Name (Birth -- Death) Took office Left office Party Affiliation within U.S. politics Luis Muñoz Marín (1898 -- 1980) 2 January 1949 2 January 1965 Popular Democratic Party Independent Roberto Sánchez Vilella (1913 -- 1997) 2 January 1965 2 January 1969 Popular Democratic Party Democrat Luis A. Ferré (1904 -- 2003) 2 January 1969 2 January 1973 New Progressive Party Republican Rafael Hernández Colón (1936 --) 2 January 1973 2 January 1977 Popular Democratic Party Democrat 5 Carlos Romero Barceló (1932 --) 2 January 1977 2 January 1985 New Progressive Party Democrat 6 Rafael Hernández Colón (1936 --) 2 January 1985 2 January 1993 Popular Democratic Party Democrat 7 Pedro Rosselló (1944 --) 2 January 1993 2 January 2001 New Progressive Party Democrat 8 Sila María Calderón (1942 --) 2 January 2001 2 January 2005 Popular Democratic Party Democrat 9 Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (1962 --) 2 January 2005 2 January 2009 Popular Democratic Party Democrat 10 Luis Fortuño Burset (1960 --) 2 January 2009 2 January 2013 New Progressive Party Republican 11 Alejandro García Padilla (1971 --) 2 January 2013 2 January 2017 Popular Democratic Party Democrat 12 Dr. Ricardo Rosselló (1979 --) 2 January 2017 present New Progressive Party Democrat", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Montevideo, God Bless You!", "paragraph_text": "The story is loosely based on the novel \"Montevideo, Bog te video\" by the prominent Serbian sports journalist Vladimir Stanković. He drew inspiration to write a romanticized depiction of the late 1920s Serbia and the events that popularized the game of football in the country after having watched the American film \"The Game of Their Lives\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Prince Jacob", "paragraph_text": "Prince Jacob (born 16 July 1960; full name: Miguel Jacob Carmo Luis Fernandes) is a popular Konkani language tiatrist and singer from India. He is \"the most Famous man in Goan Konkani Comedy\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "American football", "paragraph_text": "Europe is a major target for expansion of the game by football organizers. In the United Kingdom in the 1980s, the sport was fairly popular, with the 1986 Super Bowl being watched by over 4 million people (about 1 out of every 14 Britons). The sport's popularity faded over the 1990s, coinciding with the establishment of the Premier League. According to BBC America, there is a ``social stigma ''surrounding American football in the UK, with many Brits feeling the sport has no right to call itself 'football' due to the small emphasis on kicking. Nonetheless, the sport has retained a following in the United Kingdom; the NFL operates a media network in the country, and since 2007 has hosted the NFL International Series in London. Super Bowl viewership has also rebounded, with over 4.4 million Britons watching Super Bowl XLVI.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Alberto Molinari", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Molinari (born Rome, April 14, 1965) is an Italian actor, producer, and director, mainly of documentary films. He made his debut in the 1988 film \"Un bel dì vedremo\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Urheilulehti", "paragraph_text": "Urheilulehti is a popular weekly Finnish sports magazine. It is the second oldest sports journal in the World (after Italian \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Molinari's", "paragraph_text": "Molinari Delicatessen is a delicatessen in San Francisco, California's North Beach, established in 1896, making it one of the oldest delis in the United States. They make their own brand of salami, as P.G. Molinari and Sons, Inc, which is sold nationwide, and which won a gold medal award in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sports in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Sports in the United States are an important part of American culture. Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Major League Soccer (MLS) is sometimes included in a ``top five ''of leagues of the country. All four enjoy wide - ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although American football does not have a substantial following in other nations. Three of those leagues have teams that represent Canadian cities, and all four are the most financially lucrative sports leagues of their sport. American football is the most popular sport in the United States followed by basketball, baseball, and soccer. Tennis, golf, wrestling, auto racing, arena football, field lacrosse, box lacrosse and volleyball are also popular sports in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Luis Molinari", "paragraph_text": "Luis Molinari (1929 in Guayaquil, Ecuador – 1994 in Quito, Ecuador) (Luis Molinari-Flores) was a member of the VAN Group (Vanguardia Artística Nacional), a collective of informal constructivist artists founded by Enrique Tábara and Aníbal Villacís.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Luis Daniel Rivera", "paragraph_text": "Luis Daniel Rivera Filomeno is a Puerto Rican politician from the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). Rivera was elected to the Senate of Puerto Rico in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Soccer in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation. The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools. As of May 2015, over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States. In 2017, Gallup reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and American football. The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. It is the fourth most popular sport in the United States behind American football, baseball and basketball, and is the second fastest growing sport in America, surpassed only by lacrosse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Cuba", "paragraph_text": "Due to historical associations with the United States, many Cubans participate in sports that are popular in North America, rather than sports traditionally played in other Latin American nations. Baseball is the most popular. Other sports and pastimes include football, basketball, volleyball, cricket, and athletics. Cuba is a dominant force in amateur boxing, consistently achieving high medal tallies in major international competitions. Cuban boxers are not permitted to turn professional by their government. However, many boxers defect to the U.S. and other countries. Cuba also provides a national team that competes in the Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Luis Mariano", "paragraph_text": "Luis Mariano Eusebio González García (13 August 1914 – 14 July 1970), also known as Luis Mariano, was a popular tenor of Spanish origin who achieved celebrity in 1946 with « La belle de Cadix » (« The Beautiful Lady of Cadix ») an operetta by Francis Lopez. He appeared in the 1954 film \"Adventures of the Barber of Seville\" and \"Le Chanteur de Mexico\" (1957) and became popular in France as well as his native Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sports in Canada", "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey, referred to as simply ``hockey '', is Canada's most prevalent winter sport, its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition. It is Canada's official national winter sport. Lacrosse, a sport with Indigenous origins, is Canada's oldest and official summer sport. Canadian football is Canada's second most popular spectator sport, being the most popular in the prairie provinces. The Canadian Football League's annual championship, the Grey Cup, is one of the country's largest annual sports events. While other sports have a larger spectator base, Association football, known in Canada as soccer in both English and French, has the most registered players of any team sport in Canada. Professional teams exist in many cities in Canada. Statistics Canada reports that the top ten sports that Canadians participate in are golf, ice hockey, swimming, soccer, basketball, baseball, volleyball, skiing (downhill and alpine), cycling and tennis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sports in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Sports in the United States are an important part of American culture. Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Major League Soccer (MLS) is sometimes included in a ``top five ''of leagues of the country. All four enjoy wide - ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations. Three of those leagues have teams that represent Canadian cities, and all four are the most financially lucrative sports leagues of their sport. American football is the most popular sport in the United States followed by basketball, baseball, and soccer. Tennis, golf, wrestling, auto racing, arena football, field lacrosse, box lacrosse and volleyball are also popular sports in the country.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 102175, "question": "Of which country is Luis Molinari a citizen?", "answer": "Ecuador", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 73755, "question": "what is the most popular sport in #1", "answer": "Futbol", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport", "paragraph_text": "In 2017, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was China's third-busiest and world's 13th-busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 65,806,977 passengers handled. As for cargo traffic, the airport was China's third-busiest and the 19th-busiest worldwide. Baiyun airport was also the third-busiest airport in China in terms of aircraft movements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France. Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Charlotte Douglas International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Douglas International Airport (IATA: CLT, ICAO: KCLT, FAA LID: CLT) is a joint civil - military public international airport located in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Established in 1935 as Charlotte Municipal Airport, in 1954 the airport was renamed Douglas Municipal Airport after former Charlotte mayor Ben Elbert Douglas Sr., who had overseen the airport's construction. The airport gained its current name in 1982 and, as of September 2017, it is the second largest hub for American Airlines after Dallas / Fort Worth International Airport, with service to 161 domestic and international destinations. As of 2016 it was the 11th busiest airport in the United States, ranked by passenger traffic and 6th by aircraft movements. It was also the 7th busiest airport in the world ranked by aircraft movements However, Charlotte is the largest airport in the United States without any nonstop service to Asia, and it only ranks 19th by international passenger traffic. The airport serves as a major gateway to the Caribbean Islands. CLT covers 5,558 acres (2,249 ha) of land.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mohammed V International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Mohammed V International Airport (; , ; Berber: ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⴰⴳⵔⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵙ5; ) is an international airport serving Casablanca, Morocco. Located in Nouaceur Province, it is operated by ONDA (). With just under 8 million passengers passing through the airport in 2014, it was the busiest airport in Morocco and the fourth busiest in Africa. In August 2014, ONDA reported a year-on-year increase of 7.28% passenger traffic, to 918,238. The airport serves as hub for Royal Air Maroc, Jetairfly, Air Arabia Maroc and RAM Express. It is named after King Mohammed V of Morocco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Calicut International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Calicut International Airport , also known as Karipur Airport, is an international airport serving the cities of Kozhikode and Malappuram in Kerala, India. The airport opened on 13 April 1988. It is located in Karipur, about from Kozhikode and from Malappuram. The airport serves as an operating base for Air India Express. It was the twelfth-busiest airport in India in terms of overall passenger traffic. It is the third-busiest airport in Kerala after Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram. It was given international airport status on 2 February 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Orlando International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Orlando International Airport (IATA: MCO, ICAO: KMCO, FAA LID: MCO) is a major public airport located six miles (10 km) southeast of Downtown Orlando, Florida, United States. In 2017, MCO handled 44,611,265 passengers, making it the busiest airport in the state of Florida and the eleventh - busiest airport in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "There are 47 public airports in Spain. The busiest one is the airport of Madrid (Barajas), with 50 million passengers in 2011, being the world's 15th busiest airport, as well as the European Union's fourth busiest. The airport of Barcelona (El Prat) is also important, with 35 million passengers in 2011, being the world's 31st-busiest airport. Other main airports are located in Majorca (23 million passengers), Málaga (13 million passengers), Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) (11 million passengers), Alicante (10 million passengers) and smaller, with the number of passengers between 4 and 10 million, for example Tenerife (two airports), Valencia, Seville, Bilbao, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura. Also, more than 30 airports with the number of passengers below 4 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually. Tinker Air Force Base, in southeast Oklahoma City, is the largest military air depot in the nation; a major maintenance and deployment facility for the Navy and the Air Force, and the second largest military institution in the state (after Fort Sill in Lawton).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cleveland Hopkins International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (IATA: CLE, ICAO: KCLE, FAA LID: CLE) is a public airport located nine miles (14 km) southwest of the central business district of Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and adjacent to NASA's Glenn Research Center, one of NASA's ten major field centers. It is the primary airport serving Northeast Ohio, the largest and busiest airport in Ohio, and the 43rd busiest airport in the United States by passenger number. It is also the only airport in Ohio that offers nonstop transatlantic flights to Europe. Greater Cleveland is also served by Burke Lakefront Airport and Akron - Canton Regional Airport. Cleveland Hopkins and Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport together comprise the Cleveland Airport System, operated by the City of Cleveland's Department of Port Control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Chubu Centrair International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Centrair is classified as a first class airport and is the main international gateway for the Chubu (\"central\") region of Japan. The name is an abbreviation of Central Japan International Airport, an alternate translation used in the English name of the airport's operating company, . 10.2 million people used the airport in 2015, ranking 8th busiest in the nation, and 208,000 tons of cargo was moved in 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Seoul", "paragraph_text": "Incheon International Airport, opened in March 2001 in Yeongjong island, is now responsible for major international flights. Incheon International Airport is Asia's eighth busiest airport in terms of passengers, the world's fourth busiest airport by cargo traffic, and the world's eighth busiest airport in terms of international passengers in 2014. In 2016, 57,765,397 passengers used the airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "KOFI", "paragraph_text": "KOFI (1180 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Kalispell, Montana. The station is owned by KOFI, Inc. It airs an Oldies music and News/Talk radio format. The station first signed on in 1955. It was assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world; Van Nuys Airport, the world's busiest general aviation airport; major commercial airports at Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank and Long Beach; and numerous smaller commercial and general aviation airports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the United States Department of Transportation named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States. The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these three airports in 2012, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation. JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; as of 2011, JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America. Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, six airlines operate in Oklahoma. In terms of traffic, R. L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008. In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo da Vinci International Airport (Italian: Fiumicino -- Aeroporto Internazionale Leonardo da Vinci) (IATA: FCO, ICAO: LIRF) or simply Rome Fiumicino Airport, also known as just Fiumicino Airport, is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy. It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with 41.7 million passengers served in 2016. It is located in Fiumicino, 18.9 nautical miles (35.0 km; 21.7 mi) west of Rome's historic city centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of busiest airports in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom, an island country, is home to many of Europe's largest and busiest airports. London - Heathrow, which handles over 75 million international passengers annually, is the largest airport in the UK. London serves as the largest aviation hub in the world by passenger traffic, with six international airports, handling over 163 million passengers in 2016, more than any other city. London's second - busiest airport, London - Gatwick, was until 2016 the world's busiest single - runway airport. Manchester Airport is the United Kingdom's third - busiest airport. London - Stansted and London - Luton are the fourth - and fifth - busiest airports, respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX, FAA LID: PHX) is a civil - military public airport 3 miles (2.6 nmi; 4.8 km) southeast of downtown Phoenix, in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is Arizona's largest and busiest airport, and among the largest commercial airports in the United States.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130739, "question": "What state is KOFI located?", "answer": "Montana", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 39558, "question": "What is the name of the busiest airport in #1 ?", "answer": "Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Commonwealth of the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The Commonwealth of the Philippines (; ) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country. It replaced the Insular Government, a United States territorial government, and was established by the Tydings–McDuffie Act. The Commonwealth was designed as a transitional administration in preparation for the country's full achievement of independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of Attack on Titan characters", "paragraph_text": "Ymir Fritz (ユミル・フリッツ, Yumiru Furittsu) A mythical figure tied to the origins of the Titans who lived around 1,800 years ago, mentioned only in fairy tales. In the stories, Ymir became the first Founding Titan (始祖の巨人, Shiso no Kyojin) when she made a deal with the devil and used her gained power to protect her people from the Marley government. In time, the deceased Ymir's power was divided into nine of her Subjects whose families used the Nine Titans to establish Eldia as an empire for centuries until the reign of Karl Fritz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes at least 3,000 years ago, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. The Republic of the Congo was established on the 28th of November 1958 but gained independence from France in 1960. The sovereign state has had multi-party elections since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War, and President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who first came to power in 1979, has ruled for 35 of the past 40 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "History of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Patrick is traditionally credited with preserving and codifying Irish laws and changing only those that conflicted with Christian practices. He is credited with introducing the Roman alphabet, which enabled Irish monks to preserve parts of the extensive oral literature. The historicity of these claims remains the subject of debate and there is no direct evidence linking Patrick with any of these accomplishments. The myth of Patrick, as scholars refer to it, was developed in the centuries after his death.Irish scholars excelled in the study of Latin learning and Christian theology in the monasteries that flourished shortly thereafter. Missionaries from Ireland to England and Continental Europe spread news of the flowering of learning, and scholars from other nations came to Irish monasteries. The excellence and isolation of these monasteries helped preserve Latin learning during the Early Middle Ages. The period of Insular art, mainly in the fields of illuminated manuscripts, metalworking, and sculpture flourished and produced such treasures as the Book of Kells, the Ardagh Chalice, and the many carved stone crosses that dot the island. Insular style was to be a crucial ingredient in the formation of the Romanesque and Gothic styles throughout Western Europe. Sites dating to this period include clochans, ringforts and promontory forts.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cabinet of Franjo Gregurić", "paragraph_text": "The Third Government of the Republic of Croatia () or The Government of National Unity (Croatian: \"Vlada nacionalnog jedinstva\") was the Croatian Government cabinet led by Prime Minister Franjo Gregurić. It was announced on 17 July 1991 in response to the escalation of the Croatian War of Independence. It was the 3rd cabinet of Croatia since the first multi-party elections, and its term ended on 12 August 1992 after the first parliamentary election under the 1990 Croatian Constitution. During the term of this cabinet Croatia gained internationally diplomatic recognition and became a member of the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ignacio López Rayón", "paragraph_text": "Ignacio López Rayón (July 31, 1773 in Tlalpujahua, Intendancy of Valladolid (present-day Michoacán), New Spain – February 2, 1832 in Mexico City) was a general who led the insurgent forces of his country after Miguel Hidalgo's death, during the first years of the Mexican War of Independence. He subsequently established the first government, Zitacuaro Council, and first constitution, Constitutional Elements, of the proposed independent nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dominican Republic–Haiti relations", "paragraph_text": "In the Dominican War of Independence Dominicans fought against the Haitian occupation. On February 27, 1844 the Dominicans, led by Juan Pablo Duarte along with Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella, gained freedom from Haitian rule, thus giving birth to the Dominican Republic, a self - sufficient nation established on the liberal ideals of a democratic government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Prime Minister of Dominica", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Dominica is the head of government in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Nominally, the position was created on November 3, 1978 when Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom. Hitherto, the position existed de facto as Premier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nigerian nationalism", "paragraph_text": "Nigerian nationalism asserts that Nigerians are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Nigerians. Nigerian nationalism is a territorial nationalism, emphasizing a cultural connection of the people to the land -- in particular the Niger and Benue rivers. It first emerged in the 1920s under the influence of Herbert Macaulay who is considered the founder of Nigerian nationalism. It was founded because of the belief in the necessity for the people living in the British colony of Nigeria of multiple backgrounds to unite as one people in order to be able to resist colonialism. The people of Nigeria came together as they recognized the discrepancies of British policy. ``The problem of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria came with the advent of colonialism. This happened when disparate, autonomous, heterogeneous and sub - national groups were merged together to form a nation. Again, the colonialists created structural imbalances within the nation in terms of socio - economic projects, social development and establishment of administrative centres. This imbalance deepened the antipathies between the various ethnic nationalities in Nigeria (Nnoli, 1980; Y oung, 1993 and Aluko, 1998). ''The Nigerian nationalists' goal of achieving an independent sovereign state of Nigeria was achieved in 1960 when Nigeria declared its independence and British colonial rule ended. Nigeria's government has sought to unify the various peoples and regions of Nigeria since the country's independence in 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Separation of Panama from Colombia", "paragraph_text": "The separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903, with the establishment of the Republic of Panama. From the Independence of Panama from Spain in 1821, Panama had simultaneously declared independence from Spain and joined itself to the confederation of Gran Colombia through the Independence Act of Panama. Panama was always tenuously connected to the rest of the country to the south, owing to its remoteness from the government in Bogotá and lack of a practical overland connection to the rest of Gran Colombia. In 1840 - 1841, a short - lived independent republic was established under Tomás de Herrera. After rejoining Colombia following a 13 - month independence, it remained a province which saw frequent rebellious flare - ups, notably the Panama crisis of 1885, which saw the intervention of the United States Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "In 1922, after the Irish War of Independence and the Anglo - Irish Treaty, most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom to become the independent Irish Free State, which after the 1937 constitution, began to call itself Ireland. The six northeastern counties, known as Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. The Irish Civil War followed soon after the War of Independence. The history of Northern Ireland has since been dominated by sporadic sectarian conflict between (mainly Catholic) Irish nationalists and (mainly Protestant) unionists. This conflict erupted into the Troubles in the late 1960s, until peace was achieved with the Belfast Agreement thirty years later.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "1959 International Cross Country Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 1959 International Cross Country Championships was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at the National Stadium on March 21, 1959. Morocco entered a team for the first time after gaining independence. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Johan Ferrier", "paragraph_text": "Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier (12 May 1910 – 4 January 2010) was a Surinamese politician who served as the 1st President of Suriname from 25 November 1975 to 13 August 1980. He was that country's last governor before independence, from 1968 to 1975, and first president after it gained independence from the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dominican War of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, then known as the Republic of Spanish Haiti, was invaded by Haiti in 1822. Previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, the criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Iran–Pakistan relations", "paragraph_text": "After Pakistan gained its independence in August 1947, Iran was the first country to recognize its sovereign status. Pakistan's relations with Iran grew strained at times due to sectarian tensions, as Pakistani Shias claimed that they were being discriminated against under the Pakistani government's Islamisation programme.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kenya", "paragraph_text": "Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There was growing concern especially during former president Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary.Kenya has a high degree of corruption according to Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significant developments with regards to curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "History of South America", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish colonies won their independence in the first quarter of the 19th century, in the Spanish American wars of independence. Simón Bolívar (Greater Colombia, Peru, Bolivia), José de San Martín (United Provinces of the River Plate, Chile, and Peru), and Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile) led their independence struggle. Although Bolivar attempted to keep the Spanish - speaking parts of the continent politically unified, they rapidly became independent of one another.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 157772, "question": "What is the first country mentioned?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 44126, "question": "when did #1 gain independence and establish a unified government", "answer": "1922", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "United States Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "Secretary of State of the United States Seal of the Secretary of State Flag of the Secretary of State Incumbent Mike Pompeo since April 26, 2018 Department of State Style Mr. Secretary Member of Cabinet, National Security Council Reports to The President Seat Washington, D.C. Appointer The President with Senate advice and consent Term length Appointed Constituting instrument 22 U.S.C. § 2651 Precursor United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs Formation July 27, 1789; 229 years ago (1789 - 07 - 27) First holder John Jay (acting) Thomas Jefferson Succession Fourth Deputy Deputy Secretary of State Salary $210,700 annually (Executive Schedule I) Website www.state.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hanford Site", "paragraph_text": "The Hanford Site is a decommissioned nuclear production complex operated by the United States federal government on the Columbia River in Benton County in the U.S. state of Washington. The site has been known by many names, including Hanford Project, Hanford Works, Hanford Engineer Works and Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project in Hanford, south-central Washington, the site was home to the B Reactor, the first full-scale plutonium production reactor in the world. Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb, tested at the Trinity site, and in Fat Man, the bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lemoore Station, California", "paragraph_text": "Lemoore Station is a census-designated place (CDP) in Naval Air Station Lemoore, Kings County, California, United States. It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,438 as of the 2010 United States Census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site", "paragraph_text": "Puukoholā Heiau National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located on the northwestern coast of the island of Hawaii. The site preserves the National Historic Landmark ruins of the last major Ancient Hawaiian temple, and other historic sites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Susie, Washington", "paragraph_text": "Susie is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Washington, United States, located approximately 25 miles southwest of Othello on the Hanford Nuclear Reservation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Schicker Mound", "paragraph_text": "Schicker Mound is a Native American archaeological site located near Tallulah, Louisiana, United States. It is located very close to suburban houses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "UCC-1 financing statement", "paragraph_text": "The financing statement is generally filed with the office of the state secretary of state, in the state where the debtor is located - for an individual, the state where the debtor resides, for most kinds of business organizations the state of incorporation or organization. Many states have a state agency that operates under the secretary of state, which is tasked with overseeing business organizations and activities, including receipt of financing statements. However, an exception exists if the collateral is something that is tied to a particular piece of real property, such as timber, mineral rights, or fixtures. In that case, the filing must be made in the county where the property is located, usually in the recording office or county court, because that is where third parties are most likely to search for such record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of State, along with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, and Attorney General, are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance in their respective departments. Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (currently $205,700).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Secretary of State of Washington", "paragraph_text": "Office of the Secretary of State Agency overview Headquarters Olympia, Washington, United States Annual budget $25,260,000 (2017 - 2019 biennium) Agency executive Kim Wyman, Secretary of State Website sos.wa.gov", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Shirley, Kings County, California", "paragraph_text": "Shirley (formerly, Harlow) is an unincorporated community in Kings County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad north of Hanford, at an elevation of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Willa, Washington", "paragraph_text": "Willa is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Washington, United States, located approximately 22 miles southwest of Othello on the Hanford Nuclear Reservation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Illinois Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State of Illinois is one of the six elected executive state offices of the government of Illinois, and one of the 47 secretaries of states in the United States. The Illinois Secretary of State keeps the state records, laws, library, and archives, and is the state's corporation registration, vehicle registration and driver licensing authority. The current Secretary of State is Jesse White, a Democrat who took office in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Deffenbaugh Site", "paragraph_text": "The Deffenbaugh Site is an archaeological site in southwestern Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in Nicholson Township west of the borough of Smithfield, it was once occupied by a village of the Monongahela people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Evy Kirkley Site", "paragraph_text": "Evy Kirkley Site is a historic archaeological site located near McBee, Chesterfield County, South Carolina. The site is a well-preserved, multi-component prehistoric site on the ecologically rich “Fall Line” of the state in the states’ slate belt. The site includes preserved animal bone, shell and macrofossil remains, and distributions of green volcanic slate debitage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Franklin Matthias", "paragraph_text": "Franklin Thompson Matthias (13 March 1908 – 3 December 1993) was an American civil engineer who directed construction of the Hanford nuclear site, a key facility of the Manhattan Project during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dravo Gravel Site", "paragraph_text": "The Dravo Gravel Site (33HA377) is an archaeological site located above the Great Miami River in Miami Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Discovered in the middle of a gravel pit, the site is a leading example of the local manifestation of the Archaic period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Edward R. Hanford", "paragraph_text": "Edward R. Hanford (1845–1890) was a private in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry, Company H, during the American Civil War. Born in Allegany County, New York, in 1845, Hanford captured the battle flag of the 32nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry of the Confederate States of America at the Battle of Tom's Brook, Woodstock, Virginia, on 9 October 1864. The Union charge, led by generals Wesley Merritt and George Armstrong Custer, successfully forced the Confederates to retreat southward of Woodstock. Hanford received the Medal of Honor on 14 October 1864 for capturing the Confederate battle flag during the charge and for demonstrating \"extraordinary heroism\". Hanford died in California in 1890 and was buried in the Mokelumne Hill Protestant Cemetery of Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "United States Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "Secretary of State of the United States Seal of the Secretary of State Flag of the Secretary of State Incumbent Mike Pompeo since April 26, 2018 Department of State Style Mr. Secretary Member of Cabinet, National Security Council Reports to The President Seat Washington, D.C. Appointer The President with Senate advice and consent Term length Appointed Constituting instrument 22 U.S.C. § 2651 Precursor United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs Formation July 27, 1789; 228 years ago (1789 - 07 - 27) First holder John Jay (acting) Thomas Jefferson Succession Fourth Deputy Deputy Secretary of State Salary $205,700 annually (Executive Schedule I) Website www.state.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "United States Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of State, along with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, and Attorney General, are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments. Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (currently $205,700).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pearl, Washington", "paragraph_text": "Pearl is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Washington, United States, located approximately 25 miles southwest of Othello on the Hanford Nuclear Reservation.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130686, "question": "What state is Hanford Site located?", "answer": "Washington", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 70941, "question": "who is the secretary of state in #1", "answer": "Kim Wyman", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Slavery in international law", "paragraph_text": "The concept has its roots in the 1807 Abolition of Slavery Act of Great Britain. Many academics in the field perceive this as the beginning of the end of the traditional form of slavery: chattel slavery. In the 19th century, Britain controlled the majority of the world through its colonies. Consequently, in passing this law to abolish slavery, the British Parliament abolished slavery in the vast majority of its colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Brain", "paragraph_text": "The invention of electronic computers in the 1940s, along with the development of mathematical information theory, led to a realization that brains can potentially be understood as information processing systems. This concept formed the basis of the field of cybernetics, and eventually gave rise to the field now known as computational neuroscience. The earliest attempts at cybernetics were somewhat crude in that they treated the brain as essentially a digital computer in disguise, as for example in John von Neumann's 1958 book, The Computer and the Brain. Over the years, though, accumulating information about the electrical responses of brain cells recorded from behaving animals has steadily moved theoretical concepts in the direction of increasing realism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's \"new\" police three decades later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Neighbourhood police centre", "paragraph_text": "A neighbourhood police centre (NPC) is a mid-sized police station in Singapore, introduced in 1997 to replace the Singapore Police Force's Neighbourhood Police Post (NPP) system. Based similarly on the concepts of community policing and modelled after the kōban system in Japan, it allows for police officers on the ground to perform more duties, particularly investigative work, which was previously in the hands of division-based officers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Unité d'habitation", "paragraph_text": "The Unité d'habitation (, \"Housing Unit\") is a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. The concept formed the basis of several housing developments designed by him throughout Europe with this name. The most famous of these developments is located in south Marseille.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Intelligence-led policing", "paragraph_text": "Early development of intelligence - led policing took place in the UK. It was perceived that police were spending too much time responding to specific incidents, and not tackling the problem of repeat offenders. Therefore, reports by the Audit Commission in 1993 and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary in 1997 advocated increased use of intelligence, surveillance and informants to target recidivist offenders, so that police could be more effective in fighting crime. The call was quickly taken up by some police forces, particularly the Kent Constabulary. Intelligence led policing was not a major proponent of policing styles until the September 11th terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks the majority of all branches of the government would often not divulge any information to each other. The main assumptions of this theory can be described by Ratcliffe's 3i format. As shown by the figure below, the three I's call for close cooperation between police chiefs and intelligence analysts in order to facilitate a strategy that will impact the criminal environment.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory; however, the only applications of scientific theory that influenced the steam engine were the original concepts of harnessing the power of steam and atmospheric pressure and knowledge of properties of heat and steam. The experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser. Watt independently discovered latent heat, which was confirmed by the original discoverer Joseph Black, who also advised Watt on experimental procedures. Watt was also aware of the change in the boiling point of water with pressure. Otherwise, the improvements to the engine itself were more mechanical in nature. The thermodynamic concepts of the Rankine cycle did give engineers the understanding needed to calculate efficiency which aided the development of modern high-pressure and -temperature boilers and the steam turbine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Architecture", "paragraph_text": "The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Two-factor theory of intelligence", "paragraph_text": "Charles Spearman developed his two - factor theory of intelligence using factor analysis. His research not only led him to develop the concept of the g factor of general intelligence, but also the s factor of specific intellectual abilities. L.L. Thurstone, Howard Gardner, and Robert Sternberg also researched the structure of intelligence, and in analyzing their data, concluded that a single underlying factor was influencing the general intelligence of individuals. However, Spearman was criticized in 1916 by Godfrey Thomson, who claimed that the evidence was not as crucial as it seemed. Modern research is still expanding this theory by investigating Spearman's law of diminishing returns, and adding connected concepts to the research.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Somalis", "paragraph_text": "Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Maiden Voyage (Herbie Hancock album)", "paragraph_text": "Maiden Voyage is the fifth album led by jazz musician Herbie Hancock, and was recorded by Rudy Van Gelder on March 17, 1965 for Blue Note Records. It was issued as BLP 4195 and BST 84195. It is a concept album aimed at creating an oceanic atmosphere. Many of the track titles refer to marine biology or the sea, and the musicians develop the concept through their use of space. The album was presented with the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific cross-border locations in North America and Europe confirmed that low visibility of police information and intelligence sharing was a common feature (Alain, 2001). Intelligence-led policing is now common practice in most advanced countries (Ratcliffe, 2007) and it is likely that police intelligence sharing and information exchange has a common morphology around the world (Ratcliffe, 2007). James Sheptycki has analyzed the effects of the new information technologies on the organization of policing-intelligence and suggests that a number of 'organizational pathologies' have arisen that make the functioning of security-intelligence processes in transnational policing deeply problematic. He argues that transnational police information circuits help to \"compose the panic scenes of the security-control society\". The paradoxical effect is that, the harder policing agencies work to produce security, the greater are feelings of insecurity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "The word \"police\" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were \"disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression\" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word \"police\" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Alan Turing", "paragraph_text": "Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (/ ˈtjʊərɪŋ /; 23 June 1912 -- 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Packet switching", "paragraph_text": "In the early 1960s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault - tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted then - established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of British computer scientist Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) in 1965. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Petition to the King", "paragraph_text": "Many colonists in the Americas, however, developed a different conception of their role within the British Empire. In particular, because the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament, colonists argued that Parliament had no right to levy taxes upon them. After colonists destroyed thousands of pounds of British - taxed tea during the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in 1774, punishing the colonies for their actions. These punitive Acts were vehemently opposed by the colonists, leading the newly formed Continental Congress to seek redress with King George III, in an attempt to reach a common understanding.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 1993), (Sheptycki, 1995). These terms refer in variable ways to practices and forms for policing that, in some sense, transcend national borders. This includes a variety of practices, but international police cooperation, criminal intelligence exchange between police agencies working in different nation-states, and police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states are the three types that have received the most scholarly attention.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Hyperloop Transportation Technologies", "paragraph_text": "Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, also known as HyperloopTT, is an American research company formed using a crowd collaboration approach (a mix of team collaboration and crowdsourcing) to develop a transportation system based on the Hyperloop concept, which was envisioned by Elon Musk in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Treaty of Union by Acts of Union passed by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. At the start of the 19th century, Parliament was further enlarged by Acts of Union ratified by the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland that abolished the latter and added 100 Irish MPs and 32 Lords to the former to create the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 formally amended the name to the ``Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '', five years after the secession of the Irish Free State.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Packet switching", "paragraph_text": "Starting in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 62606, "question": "the concept of intelligence-led policing (ilp) is a concept was developed in what country", "answer": "the UK", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 68350, "question": "when was the parliament formed in the #1", "answer": "1707", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cape Jones", "paragraph_text": "Cape Jones () is the cape lying immediately southeast of Mount Lubbock and marking the southern tip of the Daniell Peninsula in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it for Captain William Jones, Royal Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cape James", "paragraph_text": "Cape James is a cape which forms the southern tip of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name appears on a chart based upon the 1828–31 British naval expedition under Captain Henry Foster, and is now well established in international usage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside of Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Playa Balandra", "paragraph_text": "Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Strecker's chorus frog", "paragraph_text": "Strecker's chorus frog (\"Pseudacris strecker\") is a species of nocturnal tree frog native to the south central United States, from southern Kansas, through Oklahoma and east to Arkansas, the northwestern tip of Louisiana and south throughouth much of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kizimkazi Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Kizimkazi Mosque is a mosque situated on the southern tip of the island of Zanzibar in Tanzania and is one of the oldest Islamic buildings on the East African coast. Despite its name, it is located in Dimbani, not Kizimkazi, which is away (this is because the official names of these two joined villages are Kizimkazi Dimbani and Kizimkazi Mtendeni). According to a preserved kufic inscription, it was built in 1107 by settlers from Shiraz. Although the inscription and certain coral-carved decorative elements date from the period of construction, the majority of the present structure was rebuilt in the 18th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The name ``South Africa ''is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Since 1961 the long form name in English has been the`` Republic of South Africa''. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid - Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid - Afrika. Since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Amundsen Sea", "paragraph_text": "The Amundsen Sea, an arm of the Southern Ocean off Marie Byrd Land in western Antarctica, lies between Cape Flying Fish (the northwestern tip of Thurston Island) to the east and Cape Dart on Siple Island to the west. Cape Flying Fish marks the boundary between the Amundsen Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea. West of Cape Dart there is no named marginal sea of the Southern Ocean between the Amundsen and Ross Seas. The Norwegian expedition of 1928–1929 under Captain Nils Larsen named the body of water for the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen while exploring this area in February 1929.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Belousov Point", "paragraph_text": "Belousov Point () is an ice-covered headland forming the southern tip of the Anderson Peninsula, located just north of the terminus of Suvorov Glacier, situated in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The geographical headland was first mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1958 and named for the Soviet polar captain Mikhail P. Belousov, 1904–46. The headland lies on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. This misconception was based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about 150 kilometres (90 mi) to the east - southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm - water Agulhas current meets the cold water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanic meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) east of the Cape of Good Hope).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mesozoic", "paragraph_text": "Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan Mountains in Manchuria. This orogeny was related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and subduction of the North China and Siberian cratons under the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental margin that characterizes most of the Atlantic coastline (such as along the U.S. East Coast) today.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, whose economy depends highly on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. While the official language is French, many other languages are spoken in Togo, particularly those of the Gbe family. The largest religious group in Togo consists of those with indigenous beliefs, and there are significant Christian and Muslim minorities. Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, and Economic Community of West African States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "South Korea", "paragraph_text": "South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sonning Eye", "paragraph_text": "Sonning Eye is a hamlet on the River Thames in the Sonning Common ward of South Oxfordshire, England, in the civil parish of Eye & Dunsden (one of its four small settlements), at what is since 1974 the southernmost tip of Oxfordshire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Togolese franc", "paragraph_text": "The franc was the currency of Togo. Between 1924 and 1956, coins specifically for use in Togo were issued. Since 1945, Togo uses the West African CFA franc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Jabur", "paragraph_text": "Jabur, alternately Jabor (Chinese: 雅姆), is a small town in the southern tip of Terengganu, Malaysia. It is situated in Kemaman constituency, near the Terengganu-Pahang border.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 100331, "question": "The continent that Togo is on is what?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 85374, "question": "what is the name of the southern tip of #1", "answer": "Cape Agulhas", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[ "Agulhas" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Japan", "paragraph_text": "Japan is a member of the ASEAN Plus mechanism, UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, and the G20, and is considered a great power. Its economy is the world's third-largest by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity. It is also the world's fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "First Great Awakening", "paragraph_text": "The Great Awakening or First Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival that swept Protestant Europe and British America in the 1730s and 1740s. An evangelical and revitalization movement, it left a permanent impact on American Protestantism. It resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of deep personal revelation of their need of salvation by Jesus Christ. The Great Awakening pulled away from ritual, ceremony, sacramentalism, and hierarchy, and made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Fred Hollows", "paragraph_text": "Hollows was originally a New Zealand citizen. He declined the award of honorary Officer of the Order of Australia in 1985. He adopted Australian citizenship in 1989 and was named Australian of the Year in 1990. He accepted the substantive award of Companion of the Order of Australia in 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "List of countries by GDP (nominal)", "paragraph_text": "The United States is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $19.39 trillion, notably due to high average incomes, a large population, capital investment, moderate unemployment, high consumer spending, a relatively young population, and technological innovation. Tuvalu is the world's smallest national economy, with a GDP of about $32 million, because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible capital investment, demographic problems, and low average incomes.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Eduard Stehlík", "paragraph_text": "He graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy at Charles University, and has worked at the Institute for Military History since 1989, focusing on Czechoslovak military history. He has also cooperated with Czech television. He was declared an honorary citizen of Lidice on 27 October 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "France", "paragraph_text": "The monarchy reached its peak during the 17th century and the reign of Louis XIV. By turning powerful feudal lords into courtiers at the Palace of Versailles, Louis XIV's personal power became unchallenged. Remembered for his numerous wars, he made France the leading European power. France became the most populous country in Europe and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture. French became the most-used language in diplomacy, science, literature and international affairs, and remained so until the 20th century. France obtained many overseas possessions in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Louis XIV also revoked the Edict of Nantes, forcing thousands of Huguenots into exile.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "South Asia", "paragraph_text": "India is the largest & fastest growing economy in the region (US $2.180 trillion) and makes up almost 82% of the South Asian economy; it is the world's 7th largest in nominal terms and 3rd largest by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates (US $8.020 trillion). India is the only member of powerful G - 20 major economies and BRICS from the region. It is the fastest growing major economy in the world and one of the world's fastest registering a growth of 7.3% in FY 2014 -- 15. Pakistan has the next largest economy ($250 billion) and the 5th highest GDP per capita in the region, followed by Bangladesh and then by Sri Lanka which has the 2nd highest per capita and is the 4th largest economy in the region. According to a World Bank report in 2015, driven by a strong expansion in India, coupled with favorable oil prices, from the last quarter of 2014 South Asia become the fastest - growing region in the world", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Leopold Gratz", "paragraph_text": "In 1979, Leopold Gratz was named a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Silvester by Pope John Paul II. In 1995, Leopold Gratz was officially made an Honorary Citizen of Vienna, the capital of the Republic of Austria. In 2010, a square behind the Austrian parliament in downtown Vienna was named after Leopold Gratz (Leopold-Gratz-Square).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Carl Emil Schorske", "paragraph_text": "Carl Emil Schorske (March 15, 1915 – September 13, 2015), known professionally as Carl E. Schorske, was an American cultural historian and professor emeritus at Princeton University. In 1981 he won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for his book \"\" (1980), which remains significant to modern European intellectual history. He was a recipient of the first year of MacArthur Fellows Program awards in 1981 and made an honorary citizen of Vienna in 2012. He turned 100 in March 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Georgi Todorov (weightlifter)", "paragraph_text": "Georgi Todorov (, born December 4, 1952) is a retired Bulgarian weightlifter who won the silver medal in the featherweight class at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Furthermore, he's been two times World weightlifting champion and three times European weightlifting champion. Honorary citizen of the city of Varna.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Szymon Szurmiej", "paragraph_text": "Szymon Symcha Szurmiej (18 June 1923 − 16 July 2014) was a Polish actor, director, and general manager of the Ester Rachel Kamińska and Ida Kamińska State Jewish Theater in Warsaw. He was a director of the Yiddish Theater of Warsaw. Since July 2004, he has been an honorary citizen of Warsaw. Member of the World Jewish Congress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next \"BRIC-like\" economies. It is also listed among the \"Next Eleven\" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The House I Live In (1945 film)", "paragraph_text": "The House I Live In is a ten-minute short film written by Albert Maltz, produced by Frank Ross and Mervyn LeRoy, and starring Frank Sinatra. Made to oppose anti-Semitism at the end of World War II, it received an Honorary Academy Award and a special Golden Globe Award in 1946.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Economy of India", "paragraph_text": "The economy of India is the sixth - largest in the world measured by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 and 2017 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Honorary citizenship of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Number Name Image Award date Information Sir Winston Churchill 1963 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, notably during World War II. Raoul Wallenberg 1981 (awarded posthumously) Swedish diplomat who rescued Jews from the Holocaust 3 and 4 William Penn November 28, 1984 (awarded posthumously) Founder of the Province of Pennsylvania Hannah Callowhill Penn Administrator of the Province of Pennsylvania, second wife of William Penn 5 Mother Teresa Catholic nun of Albanian ethnicity and Indian citizenship, who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta 6 Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 2002 (awarded posthumously) A Frenchman who was an officer in the American Revolutionary War 7 Casimir Pulaski 2009 (awarded posthumously) Polish military officer who fought and died for the United States against the British during the American Revolutionary War; notable politician and member of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth nobility, American Brigadier General who has been called ``The Father of the American Cavalry ''and died during the Siege of Savannah (Georgia). Remembered as a national hero both in Poland and in the United States of America. 8 Bernardo de Gálvez, Viscount of Galveston 2014 (awarded posthumously) A Spaniard who was a hero of the American Revolutionary War who risked his life for the freedom of the United States people and provided supplies, intelligence, and strong military support to the war effort, who was wounded during the Siege of Pensacola, demonstrating bravery that forever endeared him to the United States soldiers. The King of Spain Carlos III granted him the right to the motto YO SOLO (I ALONE) for his coat of arms", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Craig Breedlove", "paragraph_text": "Craig Breedlove (born March 23, 1937) is an American professional race car driver and a five-time world land speed record holder. He was the first person in history to reach , and , using several turbojet-powered vehicles, all named \"Spirit of America\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Boll Weevil Monument", "paragraph_text": "The Boll Weevil Monument in downtown Enterprise, Alabama, United States is a prominent landmark and tribute erected by the citizens of Enterprise in 1919 to show their appreciation to an insect, the boll weevil, for its profound influence on the area's agriculture and economy. Hailing the beetle as a ``herald of prosperity, ''it stands as the world's first monument built to honor an agricultural pest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Order of the British Empire", "paragraph_text": "Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as \"Sir Terry Wogan KBE\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Economy of India", "paragraph_text": "The economy of India is a developing mixed economy. It is the world's sixth - largest economy by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 and 2017 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sedat Alp", "paragraph_text": "Outside Turkey, Prof. Alp was awarded the Italian Commandatore of the Order of Merit of the Republic in 1957, the Order of Merit of the Presidency of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1972, the French College of France medal in 1980, the German Great Cross of Merit with star and the Grande Ufficiale Order of Merit of the Italian Presidency of the Republic in 1991. From 1997 he held an honorary doctorate at the University of Würzburg, and from the following year was made a member of the British Academy and, for the contributions he made to the promotion of knowledge on the region's historical treasures, an honorary citizen of the city of Çorum in north-central Anatolia, where the Hittite capital was situated. He died in Ankara.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 79765, "question": "who has the most powerful economy in the world", "answer": "The United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 89294, "question": "first person to be made an honorary citizen of #1", "answer": "Sir Winston Churchill", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[ "Winston Churchill" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Lohra (megalithic tomb)", "paragraph_text": "The Lohra tomb () was a megalithic monument outside Lohra near Marburg in north central Hesse, Germany. It is one of the lesser known among its type in Central Europe. It dates to the late Neolithic, probably just after 3000 BC. It belongs to the gallery graves of the Wartberg culture, but is unique among them because of its rich ceramic assemblage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hanse Sail", "paragraph_text": "The Hanse Sail in Rostock is the largest maritime festival in Mecklenburg (Germany) and one of the largest in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Shahrar Ali", "paragraph_text": "Shahrar Ali has degrees in biochemical engineering (BEng) and philosophy (BA, MPhil, PhD) from the University of London. His 1997 MPhil thesis was on \"Practical reason with reference to the Human conception\", and his 2004 PhD thesis (UCL) was entitled \"Making as if to stand behind one's words: a theory of intentional deception and lying\". His research interests are in moral and applied philosophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mark Gillett", "paragraph_text": "Mark Gillett is a British executive, product manager and technologist. He is a partner, managing director and the senior operating partner at Silver Lake Partners, one of the largest global technology investment funds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Inco Superstack", "paragraph_text": "The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. It is also the second tallest freestanding structure of any type in Canada, behind the CN Tower but ahead of First Canadian Place. It is the 40th tallest freestanding structure in the world. The Superstack is located on top of the largest nickel smelting operation in the world at Vale Inco's Copper Cliff processing facility in the city of Greater Sudbury.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bureau of Engraving and Printing", "paragraph_text": "The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) is a government agency within the United States Department of the Treasury that designs and produces a variety of security products for the United States government, most notable of which is Federal Reserve Notes (paper money) for the Federal Reserve, the nation's central bank. In addition to paper currency, the BEP produces Treasury securities; military commissions and award certificates; invitations and admission cards; and many different types of identification cards, forms, and other special security documents for a variety of government agencies. The BEP does not produce coins; all coinage is produced by the United States Mint. With production facilities in Washington, DC, and Fort Worth, Texas, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing is the largest producer of government security documents in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sony Music", "paragraph_text": "In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "With 120,000 students in London, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK. It includes four large multi-faculty universities – King's College London, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and UCL – and a number of smaller and more specialised institutions including Birkbeck, the Courtauld Institute of Art, Goldsmiths, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Institute of Education, the London Business School, the London School of Economics, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Royal Academy of Music, the Central School of Speech and Drama, the Royal Veterinary College and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Members of the University of London have their own admissions procedures, and some award their own degrees.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "UCL Jill Dando Institute", "paragraph_text": "The UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science (informally the Jill Dando Institute or the JDI) is an institute of crime science located in London, United Kingdom and a part of University College London (UCL). It was founded in 2001, becoming the first university institute in the world devoted specifically to crime science.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Plymouth Municipal Airport (New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Municipal Airport is a public airport located in Plymouth, New Hampshire, three miles (5 km) north-west of the central business district of Plymouth, in Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA. The airport is equipped with an AWOS III-PT which provides meteorological information to pilots and other interested parties. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gloria Laycock", "paragraph_text": "Gloria Laycock was the founding Director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science at University College London (UCL), and ran UCL's Centre for Security & Crime Science. She is an internationally renowned expert in crime prevention, and especially situational approaches which seek to design out situations which provoke crime.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Peter Armbruster", "paragraph_text": "Peter Armbruster (born 25 July 1931 in Dachau, Bavaria) is a physicist at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) facility in Darmstadt, Germany, and is credited with co-discovering elements 107 (bohrium), 108 (hassium), 109 (meitnerium), 110 (darmstadtium), 111 (roentgenium), and 112 (copernicium) with research partner Gottfried Münzenberg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Business Instructional Facility", "paragraph_text": "The Business Instructional Facility architecture can be described as \"adding a sympathetic and fresh flavor to the campus's rich fabric of Georgian architecture while including sustainable features.\" According to worldarchitecturenews.com, the geometry of the Business Instructional Facility is defined by \"three perimeter bar buildings\" composed of native brick and natural stone forming a 'U'-shape. The opening of the 'U' faces south which encompasses the landscaped courtyard. The commons, located at the base of the 'U', is adorned with wood finishes and is flooded with natural light provided by the glass curtain wall facing the courtyard. The commons \"provides grandness and warmth\" to the Business Instructional Facility. Furthermore, Craig Copeland, a senior associate of Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, characterized the daylight provided by the glass curtain wall as \"a part of the architectural expression\" of the Business Instructional Facility.\" Rafael Pelli described the commons as \"the central space, not only physically central, but it's central to the functioning and the use of the space.\" César Pelli, a renowned Argentinian architect and partner of Pelli Clark Pelli Architects, described the Business Instructional Facility as \"a family of its own character, its own quality.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Road map", "paragraph_text": "A road map or route map is a map that primarily displays roads and transport links rather than natural geographical information. It is a type of navigational map that commonly includes political boundaries and labels, making it also a type of political map. In addition to roads and boundaries, road maps often include points of interest, such as prominent businesses or buildings, tourism sites, parks and recreational facilities, hotels and restaurants, as well as airports and train stations. A road map may also document non-automotive transit routes, although often these are found only on transit maps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kelowna General Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Kelowna General Hospital (KGH) is a large medical facility located in Kelowna, British Columbia operated by Interior Health and offers medical care in the Central Okanagan. In British Columbia, Kelowna General is the only hospital outside the Lower Mainland or Vancouver Island that performs angioplasty or cardiac surgery. It is one of the largest hospitals in Western Canada with more than 700 beds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Baumwollspinnerei Hammerstein", "paragraph_text": "The Baumwollspinnerei Hammerstein was a cotton mill which had accompanying weaving sheds, located in the area now known as Wuppertal, Germany. It was the largest of its type in Bergisches Land and was owned by the Jung family between 1835 and 1869, when it also included a textile school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Consulate General of Germany, Bangalore", "paragraph_text": "The Consulate General of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bangalore represents the interests of the Government of Germany in the Indian states of Karnataka and Kerala. It was opened on 21 November 2008 in a temporary office in the central business district (CBD) of Bangalore. On 22 June 2012, the Consulate moved to its permanent premises in the corner of St. Mark's Road and Residency Road near the Bishop Cotton Girls' School. Margit Hellwig - Bötte is the current Consul General.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Focke-Wulf Fw 42", "paragraph_text": "The Focke-Wulf Fw 42 was a design for a twin-engined medium bomber, of canard configuration, that was designed by Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG in Germany in the early 1930s. Several air forces expressed interest in the aircraft. However, despite its advanced design being proven sound in wind tunnel testing, the Fw 42 failed to win a contract for development, and no examples of the type were ever built.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 42187, "question": "What was Germany's central interest?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 26397, "question": "UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility in #1 ?", "answer": "academic health science centres", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[ "Academic health science centre" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina ( ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, \"Armenians\") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cape Town", "paragraph_text": "According to the South African National Census of 2011, the population of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality -- an area that includes suburbs and exurbs not always considered as part of Cape Town -- is 3,740,026 people. This represents an annual growth rate of 2.6% compared to the results of the previous census in 2001 which found a population of 2,892,243 people. The sex ratio is 96, meaning that there are slightly more women than men. 45.4% of the population described themselves as ``Coloured '', 42.7% as`` White'', 8.6% as ``Black African '', and 1.4% as`` Indian or Asian''. In 1944, 47% of the city's population was White, 46% was Coloured, less than 6% was Black African and 1% was Asian. Of those residents who were asked about their first language, 35.7% spoke Afrikaans, 29.8% spoke Xhosa and 28.4% spoke English. 24.8% of the population is under the age of 15, while 5.5% is 65 or older.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop. Some scholars would extend the beginning of the period—as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political games that have come to be associated with the Victorians—back five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "British Trust for Ornithology", "paragraph_text": "The British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) is an organisation founded in 1932 for the study of birds in the British Isles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Sahara", "paragraph_text": "Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja languages are part of the Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic family.[citation needed] Unlike neighboring West Africa and the central governments of the states that comprise the Sahara, the French language bears little relevance to inter-personal discourse and commerce within the region, its people retaining staunch ethnic and political affiliations with Tuareg and Berber leaders and culture. The legacy of the French colonial era administration is primarily manifested in the territorial reorganization enacted by the Third and Fourth republics, which engendered artificial political divisions within a hitherto isolated and porous region. Diplomacy with local clients was primarily conducted in Arabic, which was the traditional language of bureaucratic affairs. Mediation of disputes and inter-agency communication was served by interpreters contracted by the French government, who, according to Keenan, \"documented a space of intercultural mediation,\" contributing much to preserving indigenous cultural identities in the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland. The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use. As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed. Within them, they are also sometimes referred to as these islands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "Political boundaries drawn by the British did not always reflect homogeneous ethnicities or religions, contributing to conflicts in formerly colonised areas. The British Empire was also responsible for large migrations of peoples. Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland. Tensions remain between the white settler populations of these countries and their indigenous minorities, and between white settler minorities and indigenous majorities in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Settlers in Ireland from Great Britain have left their mark in the form of divided nationalist and unionist communities in Northern Ireland. Millions of people moved to and from British colonies, with large numbers of Indians emigrating to other parts of the empire, such as Malaysia and Fiji, and Chinese people to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean. The demographics of Britain itself was changed after the Second World War owing to immigration to Britain from its former colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "As of 2010[update], 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217) African languages, 0.56% (7,933) Cambodian (Mon-Khmer), and Italian was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "White Lake Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "White Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada and is located 10 kilometres northeast of Balmoral, British Columbia. Established in 1965, the park is just west of Cedar Creek Camp, a park owned by the not-for-profit organisation of People In Motion. The lake is popular with anglers fishing for rainbow trout; in terms of angler days, it is one of the top three fishing lakes in the province.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sumer", "paragraph_text": "The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants. However, the archaeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5300 – 4700 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian people who settled here farmed the lands in this region that were made fertile by silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as \"these islands\". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Armenians", "paragraph_text": "Historically, the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people. It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia. The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC, Darius I the Great of Persia refers to Urashtu (in Babylonian) as Armina (in Old Persian; Armina ( ) and Harminuya (in Elamite). In Greek, Αρμένιοι \"Armenians\" is attested from about the same time, perhaps the earliest reference being a fragment attributed to Hecataeus of Miletus (476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Because of a low literacy rate among the public (about 2–3% until the early 19th century and just about 15% at the end of 19th century),[citation needed] ordinary people had to hire scribes as \"special request-writers\" (arzuhâlcis) to be able to communicate with the government. The ethnic groups continued to speak within their families and neighborhoods (mahalles) with their own languages (e.g., Jews, Greeks, Armenians, etc.). In villages where two or more populations lived together, the inhabitants would often speak each other's language. In cosmopolitan cities, people often spoke their family languages; many of those who were not ethnic Turks spoke Turkish as a second language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Aztecs", "paragraph_text": "The Aztecs (/ ˈæztɛks /) were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec peoples included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Aztec culture was organized into city - states (altepetl), some of which joined to form alliances, political confederations, or empires. The Aztec empire was a confederation of three city - states established in 1427, Tenochtitlan, city - state of the Mexica or Tenochca; Texcoco; and Tlacopan, previously part of the Tepanec empire, whose dominant power was Azcapotzalco. Although the term Aztecs is often narrowly restricted to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, it is also broadly used to refer to Nahua polities or peoples of central Mexico in the prehispanic era, as well as the Spanish colonial era (1521 -- 1821). The definitions of Aztec and Aztecs have long been the topic of scholarly discussion, ever since German scientist Alexander von Humboldt established its common usage in the early nineteenth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Languages of India", "paragraph_text": "According to the Census of India of 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However, figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in definition of the terms ``language ''and`` dialect''. The 2001 Census recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people. Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian and English. Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation. English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, the most commonly spoken language in India today, serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been anti-Hindi agitations in South India, most notably in the state of Tamil Nadu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Edwardian era", "paragraph_text": "The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended in both directions to capture long - term trends from the 1890s to the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victorian era. The new king Edward VII was already the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of continental Europe. Samuel Hynes described the Edwardian era as a ``leisurely time when women wore picture hats and did not vote, when the rich were not ashamed to live conspicuously, and the sun really never set on the British flag '''. The Liberals returned to power in 1906 and made significant reforms. Below the upper class, the era was marked by significant shifts in politics among sections of society that were largely excluded from wielding power in the past, such as common labourers. Women became increasingly politicised.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Bronx", "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five. In total, 55.98% (706,783) of the Bronx's population age five and older spoke a language at home other than English. A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Western world", "paragraph_text": "The geopolitical divisions in Europe that created a concept of East and West originated in the Roman Empire. The Eastern Mediterranean was home to the highly urbanized cultures that had Greek as their common language (owing to the older empire of Alexander the Great and of the Hellenistic successors), whereas the West was much more rural in its character and more readily adopted Latin as its common language. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western and Central Europe were substantially cut off from the East where Byzantine Greek culture and Eastern Christianity became founding influences in the Arab / Muslim world and among the Eastern and Southern Slavic peoples. Roman Catholic Western and Central Europe, as such, maintained a distinct identity particularly as it began to redevelop during the Renaissance. Even following the Protestant Reformation, Protestant Europe continued to see itself as more tied to Roman Catholic Europe than other parts of the perceived civilized world.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Acjachemen", "paragraph_text": "The Juaneño or Acjachemen are an indigenous people of California. They traditionally lived along the coast in what is now Orange and San Diego counties. The name ``Juaneño ''derives from the Spanish Mission San Juan Capistrano, founded to colonize the area in 1776. They traditionally spoke the Juaneño language, a variety closely related to the Luiseño language of the nearby Luiseño people, but this is extinct. In the 20th century, they organized as the Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation, which is recognized by the State of California, but is not federally recognized.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 92903, "question": "where does the term the west come from", "answer": "the Roman Empire", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 35376, "question": "The people that lived in the British Isles during the #1 era spoke which language?", "answer": "Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont", "paragraph_text": "Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont (1750 in Arnedo, La Rioja, Spain – March 6, 1815 in Mexico City) was bishop of Mexico and, from July 19, 1809 to May 8, 1810, viceroy of New Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Russia at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Russia has participated in 4 FIFA World Cups since its independence in December 1991. The Russian Federation played their first international match against Mexico on 16 August 1992 winning 2 - 0. Their first participation in a World Cup was the United States of America in 1994 and they achieved 18th place. In 1946 the Soviet Union was accepted by FIFA and played their first World Cup in Sweden 1958. The Soviet Union represented 15 Socialist republics and various football federations, and the majority of players came from the Dynamo Kyiv team of the Ukrainian SSR. The Soviet Union national football team played in 7 World Cups. Their best performance was reaching 4th place in England 1966. However Soviet football was dissolved in 1991 when Belarus, Russia and Ukraine declared independence under the Belavezha Accords. The CIS national football team (Commonwealth of Independent States) was formed with other independent nations in 1992 but did not participate in any World Cups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The Grito de Dolores (\"Cry of Dolores\") also known as El Grito de la Independencia (\"Cry of Independence\"), uttered from the small town of Dolores near Guanajuato on September 16, 1810, is the event that marks the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence and is the most important national holiday observed in Mexico. The \"Grito\" was the battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Roman Catholic priest. Hidalgo and several criollos were involved in a planned revolt against the Spanish colonial government, and the plotters were betrayed. Fearing his arrest, Hidalgo commanded his brother Mauricio as well as Ignacio Allende and Mariano Abasolo to go with a number of other armed men to make the sheriff release the pro-independence inmates there on the night of September 15. They managed to set eighty free. Around 6:00 am September 16, 1810, Hidalgo ordered the church bells to be rung and gathered his congregation. Flanked by Allende and Juan Aldama, he addressed the people in front of his church, encouraging them to revolt. The Battle of Guanajuato, the first major engagement of the insurgency, occurred four days later. Mexico's independence from Spain was effectively declared in the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire on September 27, 1821, after a decade of war. Unrest followed for the next several decades, as different factions fought for control of Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mexican War of Independence", "paragraph_text": "On September 27, 1821 the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City, and the following day Iturbide proclaimed the independence of the Mexican Empire, as New Spain was henceforth to be called. The Treaty of Córdoba was not ratified by the Spanish Cortes. Iturbide included a special clause in the treaty that left open the possibility for a criollo monarch to be appointed by a Mexican congress if no suitable member of the European royalty would accept the Mexican crown. Half of the new government employees appointed were Iturbide's followers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election, 2010, The Independent ran ads declaring that \"Rupert Murdoch won't decide this election – you will.\" In response James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade \"appeared unannounced and uninvited on the editorial floor\" of the Independent, and had an energetic conversation with its editor Simon Kelner. Several days later the Independent reported The Sun's failure to report its own YouGov poll result which said that \"if people thought Mr Clegg's party had a significant chance of winning the election\" the Liberal Democrats would win 49% of the vote, and with it a landslide majority.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chango Carmona", "paragraph_text": "Carmona is believed to be the boxer who began the tradition of having a big fight on the Mexico Independence Day holiday weekend when he stopped Mando Ramos in the eighth round to win the lightweight title in Los Angeles on Sept. 15, 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dancing Rain", "paragraph_text": "Dancing Rain was bred by Swettenham Stud, a breeding operation owned by the Sangster family, and was foaled on 24 April 2008 at Camas Park Stud in Tipperary. Dancing Rain's sire, Danehill Dancer, stands at Coolmore Stud and also produced Choisir, a renowned sprinter. Her dam, Rain Flower, did not race and is a three-quarters sister to Epsom Derby winner Dr. Devious. Rain Flower has produced nine foals to date, and five of her offspring have gone on to win races.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "History of the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The first recorded visit by Europeans is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted Samar Island on March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico. He established the first permanent settlement in Cebu. Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law and the oldest modern university in Asia. The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico - based Viceroyalty of New Spain until Mexican independence. After which, the colony was directly governed by Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "British America", "paragraph_text": "British America gained large amounts of new territory following the Treaty of Paris (1763) which ended British involvement in the Seven Years' War. At the start of the American War of Independence in 1775, the British Empire included twenty colonies north and east of New Spain (present - day areas of Mexico and the Western United States). East and West Florida were ceded to Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1783) which ended the American Revolution, and then ceded by Spain to the United States in 1819. The remaining continental colonies of British North America formed the Dominion of Canada by uniting between 1867 and 1873. The Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Luis de Quintanar", "paragraph_text": "José Luis de Quintanar Soto y Ruiz (born December 22, 1772, San Juan del Río, Querétaro - November 16, 1837, Mexico City) was a Royalist military officer in colonial New Spain, and a politician after the 1821 independence of Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sioux Falls Canaries", "paragraph_text": "The Sioux Falls Canaries are a professional baseball team based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The Canaries are a member of the North Division of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball. Since the 1993 season, the Canaries have played their home games at Sioux Falls Stadium, commonly known as The Birdcage. In the 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons, the team was called the Sioux Falls Fighting Pheasants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Málaga, Spain but moved to Puebla, Mexico, in 1620 to compose music in the New World. At the time New Spain was a viceroyalty of Spain that included modern day Mexico, Guatemala, the Philippines and other parts of Central America and the Caribbean. Padilla is one of the more important composers represented in the manuscripts at Puebla, Mexico and the Hackenberry collection in Chicago, Illinois. He worked at Puebla de Los Angeles, Mexico, which in Baroque times was a bigger religious center than Mexico City itself. He was appointed \"maestro de capilla\" of Puebla Cathedral in 1628.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Antonio Narbona", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Narbona (1773 – 20 March 1830) was a Spanish soldier from Mobile, now in Alabama, who fought native American people in the northern part of Mexico (now the southwestern United States) around the turn of the nineteenth century. He supported the independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Great Flood of 1862", "paragraph_text": "The Great Flood of 1862 was the largest flood in the recorded history of Oregon, Nevada, and California, occurring from December 1861 to January 1862, caused by an ARkStorm. It was preceded by weeks of continuous rains and snows in the very high elevations that began in Oregon in November 1861 and continued into January 1862. This was followed by a record amount of rain from January 9–12, and contributed to a flood that extended from the Columbia River southward in western Oregon, and through California to San Diego, and extended as far inland as Idaho in the Washington Territory, Nevada and Utah in the Utah Territory, and Arizona in the western New Mexico Territory. The ARkStorm dumped an equivalent of 10 feet of rainfall in California, in the form of rain and snow, over a period of 43 days. Immense snowfalls in the mountains of the far western United States caused more flooding in Idaho, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora, Mexico the following spring and summer as the snow melted.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians (Native Americans), the other being Quito. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan, and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City served as the political, administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the Federal District was created in 1824.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Basaseachic Falls", "paragraph_text": "Basaseachic Falls (Spanish: \"Cascada de Basaseachi\") on the Basaseachic River is the second-highest waterfall in Mexico, located in the Parque Nacional Basaseachic (Basaseachic Falls National Park) at Cañon Basaseachic in the Copper Canyon region of northwest Mexico, near Creel, Chihuahua. It is 246 meters (807 ft) tall, second in Mexico only to the Cascada de Piedra Volada (Flying Stone Falls).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier. This dry season subdivides into a cold period and a warm period. The cold period spans from November to February when polar air masses push down from the north and keep the air fairly dry. The warm period extends from March to May when tropical winds again dominate but do not yet carry enough moisture for rain.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the \"Lovable Losers\" because of this distinction. They are also known as \"The North Siders\" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ignacio López Rayón", "paragraph_text": "Ignacio López Rayón (July 31, 1773 in Tlalpujahua, Intendancy of Valladolid (present-day Michoacán), New Spain – February 2, 1832 in Mexico City) was a general who led the insurgent forces of his country after Miguel Hidalgo's death, during the first years of the Mexican War of Independence. He subsequently established the first government, Zitacuaro Council, and first constitution, Constitutional Elements, of the proposed independent nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "José Mariano Beristain", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Puebla, Mexico, but went to Spain and spent some time in the family of the former Bishop of Puebla, then Archbishop of Toledo. Returning to Mexico (1811) he was made Archdeacon of the Metropolitan church of Mexico (1813), and was afterwards its Dean. Beristain was a secular priest who had made thorough studies in Mexico and perfected them in Spain under the favourable circumstances. He wrote a number of treatises, some of them on economic subjects, but hardly any were published, the manuscripts being mostly lost in sending them to Europe. He died in Mexico.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 84972, "question": "where did mexico win its independence from spain", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 19154, "question": "When does the majority of the rain fall in #1 ?", "answer": "June to October", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "June", "Jun" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mafadi", "paragraph_text": "Mafadi () is a peak on the border of South Africa and Lesotho. At a height of , it is the highest mountain in the nation of South Africa, but is lower than Thabana Ntlenyana, the highest peak in Lesotho which is, at , the highest point in Southern Africa. Mafadi lies at S 29 12 08.4 E 29 21 25.5 in the WGS84 format.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dothan High School", "paragraph_text": "Dothan Preparatory Academy is located in Dothan, Alabama, USA. It is located on U.S. Highway 231 inside Ross Clark Circle, about north of the southern tip of Ross Clark Circle. The junior high school district roughly runs down U.S. Highway 84, which runs east to west through the heart of Dothan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "American Colonization Society", "paragraph_text": "The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, commonly known as the American Colonization Society (ACS), was a group established in 1816 by Robert Finley of New Jersey which supported the migration of free African Americans to the continent of Africa. The society in 1821 -- 22 helped to found a colony on the Pepper Coast of West Africa, as a place for free - born or manumitted American blacks. The ACS met with immediate and continuing objections from such African - Americans as James Forten and David Walker, who wished to remain in the land of their birth, saw colonization as a racist strategy for protecting slavery and purging the U.S. of its black citizens, and preferred to fight for equal rights at home. Colonizers were also met with resistance and attacks from those already living in and around the areas being colonized. There was some religious support and missionary efforts were part of the colonization. Disease was a major problem and took a deadly toll.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ancient Greece", "paragraph_text": "Eventually Greek colonization reached as far northeast as present day Ukraine and Russia (Taganrog). To the west the coasts of Illyria, Sicily and Southern Italy were settled, followed by Southern France, Corsica, and even northeastern Spain. Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt and Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "Systematic European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas apart from a small Norse attempt in Newfoundland centuries before. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by various European powers. Starting in either the 10th or 11th century, when West Norse sailors explored and briefly settled on the shores of present - day Canada, according to Icelandic Sagas, violent conflicts with the indigenous population ultimately led to the Norse abandoning those settlements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels. Nearly all of the city's major bridges and tunnels are notable, and several have broken or set records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area", "paragraph_text": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area is a modest ski area in the western United States, in central Idaho. It is located in the southern tip of the Pioneer Mountains in southwestern Butte County, southwest of Arco. The elevation of its lift-served summit is above sea level, with a vertical drop of on a treeless, northeast-facing slope. The summit offers a sweeping view of the vast Snake River Plain to the east, south, and west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Playa Balandra", "paragraph_text": "Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands, following the invasion of the Netherlands by France. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the Great Trek of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities, including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations. Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan: the South African Republic or Transvaal Republic (1852–77; 1881–1902) and the Orange Free State (1854–1902). In 1902 Britain occupied both republics, concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War (1899–1902).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Portland Island (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "Portland Island is an island in the Southern Gulf Islands of the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is located west of Moresby Island and off the south tip of Saltspring Island, adjacent to the main BC Ferries route just offshore from the terminal at Swartz Bay at the tip of the Saanich Peninsula. Portland Island was given to Princess Margaret in 1958 to commemorate her visit to the province. Princess Margaret returned the island to British Columbia in 1967, after which point it became a provincial park. Today, Portland Island is a part of Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (GINPR).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside of Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Jabur", "paragraph_text": "Jabur, alternately Jabor (Chinese: 雅姆), is a small town in the southern tip of Terengganu, Malaysia. It is situated in Kemaman constituency, near the Terengganu-Pahang border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Antarctic Plate", "paragraph_text": "The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and extending outward under the surrounding oceans. After breakup from Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location causing the continent to develop a much colder climate. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Somali Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Thabana Ntlenyana", "paragraph_text": "Thabana Ntlenyana, which literally means \"Beautiful little mountain\" in Sesotho, is the highest point in Lesotho and the highest mountain in southern Africa. It is situated on the Mohlesi ridge of the Drakensberg/Maloti Mountains, north of Sani Pass. It stands at high.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of longest mountain chains on Earth", "paragraph_text": "Rank Range Continent Country Approx. length Approx. width Max. elevation Highest point Andes South America Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela 32 ° S 70 ° W  /  32 ° S 70 ° W  / - 32; - 70 7,000 km (4,350 mi) 500 km (300 mi) 6,962 m (22,841 ft) Mount Aconcagua Southern Great Escarpment Africa Zimbabwe South Africa Swaziland Lesotho Namibia Angola 29 ° S 29 ° E  /  29 ° S 29 ° E  / - 29; 29 5,000 km (3,100 mi) 300 km (190 mi) 3,482 m (11,424 ft) Thabana Ntlenyana Rocky Mountains North America Canada United States 39 ° N 106 ° W  /  39 ° N 106 ° W  / 39; - 106 4,800 km (3,000 mi) 300 km (190 mi) 4,401 m (14,440 ft) Mount Elbert Transantarctic Mountains Antarctica Antarctica 84 ° S 166 ° E  /  84 ° S 166 ° E  / - 84; 166 3,542 km (2,200 mi) 400 km (250 mi) 4,528 m (14,856 ft) Mount Kirkpatrick 5 Great Dividing Range Australia Australia 36 ° S 148 ° E  /  36 ° S 148 ° E  / - 36; 148 3,500 km (2,175 mi) 300 km (190 mi) 2,228 m (7,310 ft) Mount Kosciuszko 6 Himalayas Asia Pakistan China Bhutan India Nepal Afghanistan Myanmar 27 ° N 86 ° E  /  27 ° N 86 ° E  / 27; 86 2,576 km (1,600 mi) 350 km (220 mi) 8,848 m (29,029 ft) Mount Everest", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "South Korea", "paragraph_text": "South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 99998, "question": "On which continent is Thabana Ntlenyana located?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 20577, "question": "When was the southern tip of #1 colonized?", "answer": "1652", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Lake Tshangalele", "paragraph_text": "Lake Tshangalele, also known as Lake Lufira or Mwadingusha Reservoir, is an artificial lake in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is located about 20 km east of the city of Likasi in the old province of Katanga. It lies at about 1,100 m above sea-level in a large depression surrounded by low mountains. It was created by a dam built on the Lufira River near Mwadingusha in 1926 to provide hydro-electric power. The area of open water is about 362.5 km. During the wettest months of February and March, the area flooded reaches a maximum of 440 km. The lake is shallow with a mean depth of only 2.6 m.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more of rain. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year. Variability of rainfall can be extreme: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941 more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell in the city, whilst in the driest years as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm) has fallen for a full year. The wettest month on record has been December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Climate of Islamabad", "paragraph_text": "The climate of Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classifion, with five seasons: Winter (Nov − Feb), Spring (March − April), Summer (May − June), Rainy Monsoon (July − August) and Autumn (September − October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 38 ° C (100.4 ° F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coolest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of − 3.9 ° C (25.0 ° F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 ° C (115.0 ° F) in June. The average low is 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 ° C (100.6 ° F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 ° C (115.7 ° F) in June, while the lowest temperature was − 4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rain fell in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years. Following is the weather observed over Islamabad Airport, which is actually located in Rawalpindi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Joseph Ragusa", "paragraph_text": "In 1998, Ragusa signed with the Long Island Rough Riders of the USL First Division. In February 2000, the San Jose Earthquakes selected Ragusa in the second rough (18th overall) of the 2000 MLS SuperDraft. The Earthquakes released him in the pre-season and he returned to the Rough Riders. Ragusa left Long Island following the 2001 season, but returned in 2004. In July 2004, the Roughriders released him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Rajasthan", "paragraph_text": "The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Generation time", "paragraph_text": "In population biology and demography, the generation time is the average time between two consecutive generations in the lineages of a population. In human populations, the generation time typically ranges from 22 to 32 years. Historians sometimes use this to date events, by converting generations into years to obtain rough estimates of time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Both the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist, making weather predictions very difficult (owing to rough topography). The Madeira and Azorean archipelagos have a narrower temperature range, with annual average temperatures exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) along the coast (according to the Portuguese Meteorological Institute). Some islands in Azores do have drier months in the summer. Consequently, the island of the Azores have been identified as having a Mediterranean climate (both Csa and Csb types), while some islands (such as Flores or Corvo) are classified as Maritime Temperate (Cfb) and Humid subtropical (Cfa), respectively, according to Köppen-Geiger classification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "MacQuarrie Edge", "paragraph_text": "MacQuarrie Edge () is a rock scarp rising to about in the northern part of the Otter Highlands, in the western Shackleton Range, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Alister S. MacQuarrie (1935–1970), a British Antarctic Survey tractor mechanic at Halley Station, 1968–69, who worked in the Shackleton Range.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "United States Declaration of Independence 1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy Created June -- July 1776 Ratified July 4, 1776 Location Engrossed copy: National Archives and Records Administration Rough draft: Library of Congress Author (s) Thomas Jefferson et al. Signatories 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress Purpose To announce and explain separation from Great Britain", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "From the Rough", "paragraph_text": "From the Rough is a sports drama film based on the true story of Catana Starks, a former Tennessee State Tigers swim coach, who became the first woman ever to coach a college men’s golf team. With drive, passion, and guts, she took an unruly group of mismatched kids from around the world and guided them to an all-time record at the PGA National Collegiate Minority Championship.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rough Dreams", "paragraph_text": "Rough Dreams is an album by Shivaree, released by Odeon Records in 2002. Due to disputes with the label, \"Rough Dreams\" was not officially released in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Greater Landover, Maryland", "paragraph_text": "Greater Landover was a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, during the 2000 census. The population was 22,900 at that time. As of 2007, the rough estimate given by the census was at 22,665. For the 2010 U.S. Census, the area was designated the Landover CDP.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nikanassin Range", "paragraph_text": "The Nikanassin Range s a group of mountain ranges in the Canadian Rockies on the eastern edge of Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is developed south-east of the Fiddle Range, and one of the front ranges. \"Nikanassin\" means \"first range\" in Cree.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Principality of Sealand", "paragraph_text": "The Principality of Sealand, commonly known as Sealand, is a micronation that claims Roughs Tower, an offshore platform in the North Sea approximately off the coast of Suffolk, as its territory. Roughs Tower is a disused Maunsell Sea Fort, originally called HM Fort Roughs, built as an anti-aircraft gun platform by the British during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Like much of the southeastern United States, Raleigh has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are short and generally cool, with a January daily average of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C). On average, there are 69 nights per year that drop to or below freezing, and only 2.7 days that fail to rise above freezing. April is the driest month, with an average of 2.91 inches (73.9 mm) of precipitation. Precipitation is well distributed around the year, with a slight maximum between July and September; on average, July is the wettest month, owing to generally frequent, sometimes heavy, showers and thunderstorms. Summers are hot and humid, with a daily average in July of 80.0 °F (26.7 °C). There are 48 days per year with highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C). Autumn is similar to spring overall but has fewer days of rainfall. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −9 °F (−23 °C) on January 21, 1985 up to 105 °F (41 °C), most recently on July 8, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The current format of the competition involves a qualification phase, which currently takes place over the preceding three years, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase, which is often called the World Cup Finals. After this, 32 teams, including the automatically qualifying host nation (s), compete in the tournament phase for the title at venues within the host nation (s) over a period of about a month.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 137037, "question": "Which place is From the Rough in?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 31260, "question": "Which range of months is #1 's wettest?", "answer": "between December and April", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Clemson–Georgia football rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Clemson -- Georgia football rivalry Clemson Tigers Georgia Bulldogs First meeting October 9, 1897 Latest meeting August 30, 2014 Next meeting TBA Statistics Meetings total 64 All - time series Georgia leads, 42 -- 18 -- 4 Largest victory Georgia, 55 -- 0 (1920) Longest win streak Georgia, 10 (1920 -- 54) Current win streak Georgia, 1 (2014 -- present)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Powers of the United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cowboys–Eagles rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Dallas Cowboys -- Philadelphia Eagles Dallas Cowboys Philadelphia Eagles First meeting September 25, 1960 Philadelphia Eagles 27, Dallas Cowboys 25 Latest meeting November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Next meeting December 31, 2017 Statistics Meetings total 117 meetings (including playoffs) All - time series Cowboys lead 65 -- 52 Most recent November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Largest victory October 9, 1966 Dallas Cowboys 56, Philadelphia Eagles 7", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Army–Navy Game", "paragraph_text": "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport Football First meeting November 29, 1890 Navy 24, Army 0 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Army 14, Navy 13 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Stadiums Lincoln Financial Field (2017 -- 2020, 2022) MetLife Stadium (2021) Trophy Third leg of triangular series for Commander - in - Chief's Trophy Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time series Navy leads, 60 -- 51 -- 7 Largest victory Navy, 51 -- 0 (1973) Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Banquo", "paragraph_text": "Lord Banquo / ˈbæŋkwoʊ /, the Thane of Lochaber, is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play Macbeth. In the play, he is at first an ally to Macbeth (both are generals in the King's army) and they meet the Three Witches together. After prophesying that Macbeth will become king, the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself, but that his descendants will be. Later, Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered; Banquo's son, Fleance, escapes. Banquo's ghost returns in a later scene, causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Army Navy Match", "paragraph_text": "The Army Navy Match Part of the Inter-Services Competition Twickenham Stadium ARU RNRU Locale London Teams ARU RNRU First meeting 13 February 1878 (Annually since 6 March 1909) Latest meeting 5 May 2018 Army 22 - 14 Stadiums Twickenham Stadium Trophy The Babcock Trophy Statistics All - time series Army 62, Navy 35, Draws 4 (1939, 1969 1980 and 2016) Largest victory Army, 50 -- 7 (2009) Smallest victory Navy 11 -- 10 (1921), Navy 9 -- 8 (1948), Navy 17 -- 16 (1978), Army 10 -- 9 (1983) The above statistics do not include the matches before the first official match in 1907. 1907 was the first official Army Navy match played after the formation of the Army RUgby Union in 1906. The Royal Navy Rugby Union did not form until the 1907 / 08 season. Other information Current sponsor Babcock International", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Banquo", "paragraph_text": "Lord Banquo / ˈbæŋkwoʊ /, the Thane of Lochaber, is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play Macbeth. In the play, he is at first an ally to Macbeth (both are generals in the King's army) and they meet the Three Witches together. After prophesying that Macbeth will become king, the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself, but that his descendants will be. Later, Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered by two hired assassins; Banquo's son, Fleance, escapes. Banquo's ghost returns in a later scene (Banquet Scene), causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Original jurisdiction", "paragraph_text": "The original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mahindra Axe", "paragraph_text": "Mahindra Axe is a Light Military Utility Tactical Vehicle designed by Mahindra & Mahindra. Prototypes of the vehicle were customized to meet Indian Army specifications, but after evaluating the vehicles the Indian Army decided not to place an order.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Szlachta", "paragraph_text": "About that time the \"executionist movement\" (Polish: \"egzekucja praw\"--\"execution of the laws\") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Army–Navy Game", "paragraph_text": "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport College football First meeting November 29, 1890 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time record Navy leads 60 -- 51 -- 7 Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, leaders agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government. On March 10, in Beijing, Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Banquo", "paragraph_text": "Lord Banquo , the Thane of Lochaber, is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play \"Macbeth\". In the play, he is at first an ally to Macbeth (both are generals in the King's army) and they meet the Three Witches together. After prophesying that Macbeth will become king, the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself, but that his descendants will be. Later, Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered by two hired assassins; Banquo's son, Fleance, escapes. Banquo's ghost returns in a later scene, causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "1st United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "The First United States Congress, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, met from March 4, 1789, to March 4, 1791, during the first two years of George Washington's presidency, first at Federal Hall in New York City and later at Congress Hall in Philadelphia. With the initial meeting of the First Congress, the United States federal government officially began operations under the new (and current) frame of government established by the 1787 Constitution. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 of the Constitution. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority. Twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution were passed by this Congress and sent to the states for ratification; the ten ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, are collectively known as the Bill of Rights.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The act created the National Military Establishment (renamed Department of Defense in 1949), which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments, namely the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was shared between the Army (for land-based operations), the Navy (for sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft), and the Marine Corps (for close air support of infantry operations). The 1940s proved to be important in other ways as well. In 1947, Captain Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in his X-1 rocket-powered aircraft, beginning a new era of aeronautics in America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Salvation Army in Australia", "paragraph_text": "The first Salvation Army meeting in Australia was held in 1880. Edward Saunders and John Gore led the meeting from the back of a greengrocer's cart in Adelaide Botanic Park with an offer of food for those who had not eaten. In 1883, Major James Barker led the way to establish the first Salvation Army social institution anywhere in the world on a permanent basis, known as the ``Prison Gate ''program. Barker saw that prisoners being released from the Melbourne Gaol had nowhere to go and no work, so they inevitably re-offended and returned to gaol. Barker leased a small house in Lygon Street, Carlton, to provide accommodation for prisoners discharged from Melbourne's gaols. This led to the formation of the Prison-Gate Brigade, the members of which met discharged prisoners upon their release and offered them a home and the prospect of a job. The Salvos also involved themselves in finding work for the unemployed and in re-uniting families. In Melbourne from 1897 to 1910, The Army's Limelight Department was established as Australia's first film production company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Franco-Prussian War", "paragraph_text": "The creation of a unified German Empire ended the balance of power that had been created with the Congress of Vienna after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Germany had established itself as the main power in continental Europe with the most powerful and professional army in the world.[citation needed] Although Great Britain remained the dominant world power, British involvement in European affairs during the late 19th century was very limited, allowing Germany to exercise great influence over the European mainland.[citation needed] Besides, the Crown Prince's marriage with the daughter of Queen Victoria was only the most prominent of several German–British relationships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Azerbaijan People's Government", "paragraph_text": "The Firqah-i Dimukrat, or Azerbaijani Democratic Party (ADP), publicly announced its formation in Tabriz on September 3, 1945 by a group of veteran communists headed by Ja'far Pishevari. After the announcement, the communist, Soviet-supported Tudeh party dissolved its Azerbaijan chapter and ordered its members to join ADP. ADP expanded throughout Iranian Azerbaijan, and initiated a local coup d'état with help from Soviet army, who prevented the Iranian army from intervening. During the first week of September 1945, the Azerbaijani Democratic Party, led by Ja'far Pishevari, a long-time leader of the revolutionary movement in Gilan, declared itself to be in control of Iranian Azerbaijan, promised liberal democratic reforms, and disbanded the local branch of Tudeh. Later in September 1945, at its first congress, the Azerbaijani Democratic Party authorized the formation of a peasant's militia. This militia started a bloodless coup on November 18, 1945 and by November 21, 1945 they had captured all remaining government posts in the province, and Iranian Azerbaijan \"became an autonomous republic under the direction of a 39-member national executive committee\". The reality of the power seems to have been exercised by Mohammed Biriya, the Minister of Propaganda and head of the local secret police.At the same time, the US was steadily increasing its military assistance to the Iranian government. Under pressure by the Western powers, the Soviet Union revoked its support of the newly created state and the Iranian military succeeded in re-establishing Iranian rule in November 1946. According to Tadeusz Swietochowski:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Murray Mouth", "paragraph_text": "Murray Mouth is the point at which the River Murray meets the Southern Ocean. The Murray Mouth's location is changeable. Historical records show that the channel out to sea moves along the sand dunes over time. At times of greater river flow and rough seas, the two bodies of water would erode the sand dunes to create a new channel leaving the old one to silt and disappear.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 74192, "question": "who has the power to create an army", "answer": "Congress", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 76130, "question": "when did #1 meet for the first time", "answer": "March 4, 1789", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1910, in conjunction with advocacy work led by Florence Kelley of the National Consumer League, the Women's Trade Union League (WTLU) of Massachusetts under the leadership of Elizabeth Evans took up the cause of minimum wage legislation in Massachusetts. Over the next two years, a coalition of social reform groups and labor advocates in Boston pushed for minimum wage legislation in the state. In 1912, Massachusetts passed the first American minimum wage legislation, which established a state commission for recommending non-compulsory minimum wages for women and children. Within eight years, at least thirteen U.S. states and the District of Columbia would pass minimum wage laws, with pressure being placed on state legislatures by the National Consumers League in a coalition with other women's voluntary associations and organized labor. The United States Supreme Court of the Lochner era consistently invalidated compulsory minimum wage laws. Advocates for these minimum wage laws hoped that they would be upheld under the precedent of Muller v. Oregon, which upheld maximum working hours laws for women on the grounds that women required special protection that men did not. However, the Court did not extend this principle to minimum wage laws, considering the latter as interfering with the ability of employers to freely negotiate wage contracts with employees.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "National Rugby League salary cap", "paragraph_text": "As of 2013 the club grant is $100 million which covers the salary cap of $5.85 million for the top twenty - five players at each club. The salary cap will increase to $6.3 million in 2014, $6.55 million in 2015, $6.8 million by 2016 and $7 million in 2017. The minimum wage from 2013 onwards is $80,000 for the top twenty - five players.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Employment Standards Act of British Columbia", "paragraph_text": "The Employment Standards Act of British Columbia (Canada), is legislation enacted by the provincial government of British Columbia to protect the rights of working people. Sections within the act outline the employers responsibility to their employees, notably things such as minimum wage, meal breaks, and parental leave. The act also works to protect residents of the province by preventing employment discrimination.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Edmund Burke", "paragraph_text": "In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandum, as there appeared a notice that Burke would soon publish a letter on the subject to the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, Arthur Young; but he failed to complete it. These fragments were inserted into the memorandum after his death and published posthumously in 1800 as, Thoughts and Details on Scarcity. In it, Burke expounded \"some of the doctrines of political economists bearing upon agriculture as a trade\". Burke criticised policies such as maximum prices and state regulation of wages, and set out what the limits of government should be:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington will have the highest state minimum wages. There is a racial difference for support of a higher minimum wage with most black and Hispanic individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3 percent of White, Asian, and Hispanic or Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Among Black workers, the percentage was about 4 percent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Agricultural Workers Organization", "paragraph_text": "The Agricultural Workers Organization (AWO), an organization of farm workers throughout the United States and Canada, was formed on April 15, 1915, in Kansas City. It was supported by, and a subsidiary organization of, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Although the IWW had advocated the abolition of the wage system as an ultimate goal since its own formation ten years earlier, the AWO's founding convention sought rather to address immediate needs, and championed a ten-hour work day, premium pay for overtime, a minimum wage, good food and bedding for workers. In 1917 the organization changed names to the Agricultural Workers Industrial Union (AWIU) as part of a broader reorganization of IWW industrial unions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Figure skating", "paragraph_text": "The ISU has modified its age rules several times. Prior to the 1990s, 12 was the minimum age for senior international competitions. New rules were introduced in 1996, requiring skaters to be at least 15 before July 1 of the preceding year in order to compete at the Olympics, Worlds, Europeans, or Four Continents. The minimum age for all other senior internationals was 14 until July 2014, when it was raised to 15.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sichuan", "paragraph_text": "The Sichuan government raised the minimum wage in the province by 12.5 percent at the end of December 2007. The monthly minimum wage went up from 400 to 450 yuan, with a minimum of 4.9 yuan per hour for part-time work, effective 26 December 2007. The government also reduced the four-tier minimum wage structure to three. The top tier mandates a minimum of 650 yuan per month, or 7.1 yuan per hour. National law allows each province to set minimum wages independently, but with a floor of 450 yuan per month.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1933, the Roosevelt administration made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage, when a $0.25 per hour standard was set as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act. However, in the 1935 court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (295 U.S. 495), the US Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage was abolished. In 1938, the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, once again at $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2017 dollars). In 1941, the Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in United States v. Darby Lumber Co., holding that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "National Minimum Wage Act 1998", "paragraph_text": "The national minimum wage (NMW) took effect on 1 April 1999. On 1 April 2016 an amendment to the act attempted an obligatory ``National Living Wage ''for workers over 25, which was implemented at a significantly higher minimum wage rate of £7.20 (£7.50 from April 2017), and is expected to rise to at least £9 per hour by 2020.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "National Minimum Wage Act 1998", "paragraph_text": "The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 creates a minimum wage across the United Kingdom, currently £7.50 per hour for workers aged over 25, £7.05 per hour for workers aged 21 to 24 and £5.60 per hour for workers aged 18 to 20.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action. Washington has the highest state minimum wage at $11.50 per hour.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The federal minimum wage in the United States was reset to its current rate of $7.25 per hour in July 2009. Some U.S. territories (such as American Samoa) are exempt. Some types of labor are also exempt: Employers may pay tipped labor a minimum of $2.13 per hour, as long as the hour wage plus tip income equals at least the minimum wage. Persons under the age of 20 may be paid $4.25 an hour for the first 90 calendar days of employment (sometimes known as a youth, teen, or training wage) unless a higher state minimum exists. The 2009 increase was the last of three steps of the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, which was signed into law as a rider to the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007, a bill that also contained almost $5 billion in tax cuts for small businesses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2017, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2014 to 2015, nine states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action. In real terms, the federal minimum wage peaked at $11.54 per hour in 1968, using 2017 inflation - adjusted dollars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tornado climatology", "paragraph_text": "The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km2, although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "History of the minimum wage", "paragraph_text": "After a study of the minimum wage laws in Australia and New Zealand The Liberal Party acted to set up a minimum wage in the most heavily sweated or underpaid industries, as part of a broad range of social reforms. Winston Churchill, president of the Board of Trade, introduced the Trade Boards Act in 1909. It created boards that set minimum wage criteria that were legally enforceable. The main provision was to set minimum wages in certain trades with the history of low wages, because of surplus of available workers, the presence of women workers, or the lack of skills. At first it applied to four industries: chain - making, ready - made dresses. paper - box making, and the machine - made lace and finishing trade. About 70 per cent of their 200,000 workers were women.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tornado climatology", "paragraph_text": "Tornadoes have been recorded on all continents except Antarctica and are most common in the middle latitudes where conditions are often favorable for convective storm development. The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, as well as the strongest and most violent tornadoes. A large portion of these tornadoes form in an area of the central United States popularly known as Tornado Alley. Other areas of the world that have frequent tornadoes include significant portions of Europe, South Africa, Philippines, Bangladesh, parts of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern and southeast Brazil, northern Mexico, New Zealand, and far eastern Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Minimum wage in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington state have the highest minimum wages in the country, at $11.00 per hour. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. There is a racial difference for support of a higher minimum wage with most black and Hispanic individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3 percent of White, Asian, and Hispanic or Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Among Black workers, the percentage was about 4 percent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Economy of Puerto Rico", "paragraph_text": "In 2010 the median income in Puerto Rico was $19,370, which is just over half that of the poorest state (Mississippi, $37,838) and 37% of the nationwide average ($51,144). According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor of the United States, the mean annual salary of residents of Puerto Rico is $27,190, the lowest among U.S. territories continuously surveyed periodically by this institution. Guam has the second lowest mean salary to $31,840, closely followed Mississippi, a state, with $34,770. This spread in mean wages could be explained by a minimum wage law for certain industries that are capped to 70% of the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 64964, "question": "who has the most tornadoes in the world", "answer": "the UK", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 77766, "question": "when was the minimum wage introduced in #1", "answer": "1909", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Helsingin Ponnistus", "paragraph_text": "Helsingin Ponnistus (abbreviated Ponnistus) is a football club from Helsinki, Finland. The club was formed in 1887 making it the oldest football club in Finland. The men's first team currently plays in the Kolmonen (Third Division) and their home ground is at the Töölön Pallokenttä.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Art Cologne", "paragraph_text": "Art Cologne is an art fair held annually in Cologne, Germany and was established in 1967 as \"Kölner Kunstmarkt\". It is regarded as the world's oldest art fair of its kind. The fair runs for six days and brings together galleries from more than 20 countries at the Cologne Exhibition Centre, one of the world’s largest exhibition centers. It is open to the public and attracts about 60,000 visitors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 League titles, a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, the League Centenary Trophy, 15 FA Community Shields, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. It is also the only English club to go a 38 - match league season unbeaten, receiving the nickname The Invincibles, and a special gold Premier League trophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Highbury, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 League titles, a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, the League Centenary Trophy, 15 FA Community Shields, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. It has won more top flight matches than any English club except Liverpool, and has completed the only 38 match season unbeaten.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Associação Naval de Lisboa", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1856, Associação Naval de Lisboa (Lisbon Naval Association) is the oldest sport club of Portugal and one of the 30 oldest yacht clubs in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Highbury, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 League titles, a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, the League Centenary Trophy, 15 FA Community Shields, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. It has won the second-most top flight matches in English football history, and is the only English club to go a 38 - match league season unbeaten.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "History of the St Kilda Football Club", "paragraph_text": "The St Kilda Football Club, nicknamed The Saints, is an Australian rules football club, based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The club plays in the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest league in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Geauga County Fair", "paragraph_text": "The Great Geauga County Fair is Ohio's oldest continuous county fair and home to one of the oldest existing agricultural societies in America. It is held annually in Burton, Ohio every Labor Day weekend as a \"grand finale\" to the summer. It has been around for almost 190 years, and each year nearly a quarter of a million people of all ages come to enjoy the more than 12,000 exhibits, animals, rides, food, music, entertainment and special attractions which are featured, as billed in the Fair's motto \"\"Something for Everyone Since 1823\"\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Victoria Jaworzno", "paragraph_text": "GKS Victoria Jaworzno is a Polish football and boxing club based in Jaworzno, Poland. It is the oldest Polish miner's football club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of Indian football", "paragraph_text": "Football was introduced to India by British soldiers in the mid-nineteenth century. It spread because of the efforts of Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari. In 1888 the Durand Cup was founded by then India's Foreign Secretary, Mortimer Durand at Simla, India. The Durand Cup is the third oldest football competition behind the FA Cup and the Scottish Cup. It was initiated, as a recreation for British troops stationed in India. Royal Scots Fusiliers won the first edition of the cup by beating Highland Light Infantry 2 -- 1 in the Final. In 1893 the IFA Shield was founded as the fourth oldest trophy in the world. Calcutta, then capital of British India, soon became the hub of Indian football. Sarada FC was the oldest Indian football club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Melbourne University Football Club", "paragraph_text": "Although there are no records of its exact formation, University's first recorded match took place in the same month that the Castlemaine Football Club was formed making it likely that University is the second oldest club in Australia after Melbourne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Eskişehir Demirspor", "paragraph_text": "Eskişehir Demirspor is a Turkish sports club from Eskişehir, Turkey. They are the oldest football club in Eskişehir. The club has many departments including football, basketball, volleyball, athletic, swimming, fencing, wrestling, and karate. They are famous with their football department and have won the Turkish Football Championship in 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Rathkenny GAA", "paragraph_text": "Rathkenny GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the small village of Rathkenny, in County Meath, Ireland. The club takes part in Meath GAA competitions. The club have won 5 Meath Senior Football Championship titles. Rathkenny are currently competing at senior level, and have been since 2007. The club was founded in 1886, making it one of the oldest clubs in Meath.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Stockholm Mean Machines", "paragraph_text": "Stockholm Mean Machines is the oldest and most successful football club in Sweden. The club was established in 1972, the same year the sport was introduced in the country. They started playing in the Stockholm suburb of Danderyd. The ambition of the Stockholm Mean Machines has always been to be the premier team in Sweden and in Europe, the men's team leads the nation in seasons played in the premier league in Sweden (Superserien) and its 11 national championships is also most of any team. The ladies team is the reigning national champions. The club is also represented in all youth leagues (U11, U13, U15, U17 and U19).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Joensuun Palloseura", "paragraph_text": "Joensuun Palloseura (abbreviated JoPS) is a football club from Joensuu, Finland. JoPS is Joensuu's oldest football club having been formed in 1929. The club has competed in the second tier of Finnish football over 6 seasons, the last time being in 1968. JoPS currently plays in the Kolmonen section that covers Eastern and Central Finland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Canadian football", "paragraph_text": "The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn, one of the founders of Milton, Massachusetts, devised rules based on rugby football. The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada). Montreal formed a team April 8, 1872, Toronto was formed on October 4, 1873, and the Ottawa FBC on September 20, 1876.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Premier League", "paragraph_text": "The Premier League is an English professional league for men's association football clubs. At the top of the English football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL; known as ``The Football League ''before 2016 -- 17). Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Calgary Stampeders", "paragraph_text": "The Calgary Stampeders are a professional Canadian football team based in Calgary, Alberta, competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). The Stampeders play their home games at McMahon Stadium and are the third-oldest active franchise in the CFL. The Stampeders were officially founded in 1945, although there were clubs operating in Calgary as early as 1909.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "C.F. União", "paragraph_text": "Clube de Futebol União, commonly known as União da Madeira, is a Portuguese football club from Funchal, Madeira, that plays in the Campeonato de Portugal. The club was founded on 1 November 1913, thus being one of the oldest football clubs in Portugal. The club's home ground is the Estádio do Centro Desportivo da Madeira, located in Ribeira Brava, approximately 20 minutes drive from the capital Funchal. The club plays in yellow and blue, the official colours of the archipelago of Madeira.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Copyright infringement", "paragraph_text": "Another example is the practice of compulsory licensing, which is where the law forbids copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses of certain kinds of works, such as compilations and live performances of music. Compulsory licensing laws generally say that for certain uses of certain works, no infringement occurs as long as a royalty, at a rate determined by law rather than private negotiation, is paid to the copyright owner or representative copyright collective. Some fair dealing laws, such as Canada's, include similar royalty requirements.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 18516, "question": "What country has fair dealing laws?", "answer": "Canada", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 31433, "question": "What is the oldest football club in #1 ?", "answer": "Hamilton Football Club", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "West Visayas State University", "paragraph_text": "West Visayas State University (informally referred to as West or WVSU) is a public normal research university (a university system) located in Western Visayas region of the Philippines with its main campus in La Paz, Iloilo City. It was established formally in 1924 as Iloilo Normal School under the Philippine normal school system during the American colonial period in the Philippines under the tutelage of the Thomasites, but it dates back its founding 22 years later when the university's College of Education was founded in 1902. It later became West Visayas State College in 1965 and became a university and changed its name to West Visayas State University in 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Campanile (Iowa State University)", "paragraph_text": "The Iowa State University Campanile is located on Iowa State's central campus, and is home to the Stanton Memorial Carillon. The campanile is widely seen as one of the major symbols of Iowa State University. It is featured prominently on the university's official ring and the university's mace, and is also the subject of the university's alma mater (\"The Bells of Iowa State\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jijiga University", "paragraph_text": "Jigjiga University is a university in Jigjiga town (Jig Jiga in Somali Language), the capital of the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. Jigjiga is located in the south eastern part of Ethiopia, from Addis Ababa. Jijiga University is one of the 13 newly founded governmental universities in Ethiopia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad de Guanajuato", "paragraph_text": "The Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad de Guanajuato (OSUG) is the resident symphonic orchestra for the University of Guanajuato, located in the state of the same name in central Mexico. It was founded shortly after the School of Music at the University in 1952 under the direction of José Rodríguez Frausto. This made the University for first in Mexico with a resident symphonic orchestra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "UAB School of Dentistry", "paragraph_text": "The University of Alabama School of Dentistry is the public dental school located at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The dental school was founded in 1948 and is the only dental school in Alabama.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Katherine E. Nash Gallery", "paragraph_text": "The Katherine E. Nash Gallery is an art gallery located at the University of Minnesota Department of Art on the West Bank of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. Founded by Katherine Nash during the 1970s, the gallery occupies in the department's Regis Center for Art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nakhchivan State University", "paragraph_text": "Nakhchivan State University (NSU, Azerbaijani: \"Naxçıvan Dövlət Universiteti\") is a public university located in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan. Founded in 1967 as a part of the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute, in 1990 it became the Nakhchivan State University. It has 290 faculty members and currently enrolls 3500 students. In 2003, NSU, in conjunction with George Soros' Open Society Institute - Assistance Foundation opened an Education-Information Center on the NSU campus to develop areas involving education, information and law .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "History of North Carolina State University", "paragraph_text": "North Carolina State University was founded by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1887 as a land - grant college under the name North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. As a land - grant college, NC State would provide a ``liberal and practical education ''while focusing on military tactics, agriculture and the mechanical arts without excluding classical studies. Since its founding, the university has maintained these objectives while building on them.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Paul University", "paragraph_text": "Paul University, Awka (PUA) is located in Awka, Anambra State in Nigeria. It is a private Christian university. It was founded in 2009 by Bishops of the five ecclesiastical provinces of the Anglican Church East of the Niger to provide undergraduate training in Natural and Applied Sciences, Social Sciences and Management. The university which is fully residential has an estimated enrollment of around 400 students (expected to reach 3,500) and has replaced St Paul's University College which was founded in 1904 by the Church Missionary Society of the Church of England to train church workers and teachers", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the \"Furniture District\" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Shevchenko Transnistria State University", "paragraph_text": "Taras Shevchenko Transnistria State University () is the main university located in Tiraspol, the capital of Transnistria. The original university in Tiraspol was founded in 1930 as the Institute of public education in the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, then being a constituent part of the Ukrainian SSR.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "University of Montana Western", "paragraph_text": "The University of Montana Western (UMW) is a public university located in Dillon, Montana, United States. It is affiliated with The University of Montana and is part of the Montana University System. The school was founded in 1893 as Montana State Normal School. The college was founded as a center for training teachers. It was formerly known as Western Montana College before becoming part of the Montana University System in 2000. Enrollment of full-time, degree seeking students as of Fall 2018 was 1,221 students.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Washington University in St. Louis", "paragraph_text": "Washington University in St. Louis (Wash. U., or WUSTL) is a private research university located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. Twenty-five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university. Washington University's undergraduate program is ranked 15th by U.S. News and World Report. The university is ranked 32nd in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Walailak University", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1992, Walailak University (WU.) (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยวลัยลักษณ์) is a public university located in Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Although state funded, Walailak University is given a high level of autonomy, unusual among Thai public universities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Australian Federation of University Women", "paragraph_text": "The Australian Federation of University Women, founded in 1922, is the national umbrella organisation for state Federations of University Women in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Oviatt Library", "paragraph_text": "The Delmar T. Oviatt Library serves the California State University, Northridge (CSUN) campus, located in Northridge in the northern San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, California. The library is named for Delmar T. Oviatt, instrumental in the founding of San Fernando Valley State College, CSUN's predecessor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "San Jose, California", "paragraph_text": "San Jose is home to several colleges and universities. The largest is San Jose State University, which was founded by the California legislature in 1862 as the California State Normal School, and is the founding campus of the California State University (CSU) system. Located in downtown San Jose since 1870, the university enrolls approximately 30,000 students in over 130 different bachelor's and master's degree programs. The school enjoys a good academic reputation, especially in the fields of engineering, business, art and design, and journalism, and consistently ranks among the top public universities in the western region of the United States. San Jose State is one of only three Bay Area schools that fields a Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Division I college football team; Stanford University and U.C. Berkeley are the other two.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "University of Miami School of Law", "paragraph_text": "The University of Miami School of Law, founded in 1926, is the law school of the University of Miami, located in Coral Gables, Florida, in the United States. The school graduated its first class of 13 students in 1929.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Idaho Museum of Natural History", "paragraph_text": "The Idaho Museum of Natural History (IMNH) is the official state natural history museum of Idaho, located on the campus of Idaho State University (ISU) in Pocatello. Founded in 1934, it has collections in anthropology, vertebrate paleontology, earth science, and the life sciences. Additionally, it contains an archive of documents and ethnographic photographs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "WSOE", "paragraph_text": "WSOE is a non-commercial student-run college radio station based at Elon University in Elon, North Carolina that broadcasts at 89.3fm. The station serves as a creative outlet for students and as a means for students to develop skills for professional broadcast careers. WSOE offers a variety of opportunities in news shows, sports broadcasting, artist interviews, and music technology. Limelight Records, Elon's student-run record label, has worked with WSOE to promote its artists through live sets and interviews on air. The station aims to promote local artists through ticket giveaways, band interviews, and playing these musicians' music over the air.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 131826, "question": "Which state is WSOE located?", "answer": "North Carolina", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 78074, "question": "who founded #1 a t state university", "answer": "North Carolina General Assembly", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dolores, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "The Town of Dolores is a Statutory Town in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 936 at the 2010 census. It is one of three incorporated municipalities in the county.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2018 Chinese Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton was the defending race winner. Sebastian Vettel entered the round with a seventeen - point lead over Hamilton in the World Drivers' Championship. His team, Ferrari, led Mercedes by ten points in the World Constructors' Championship. Vettel qualified on pole position, and in doing so recorded Ferrari's first pole position in China in fourteen years. Daniel Ricciardo won the race ahead of Valtteri Bottas and Kimi Räikkönen. Vettel's championship lead was cut to nine points when he finished in eighth place, the result of contact with Max Verstappen late in the race.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lynn Township, Clay County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Lynn Township is one of sixteen townships in Clay County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 89 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 85.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Montezuma, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Montezuma is an unincorporated community in Avery County, North Carolina, United States. Before its founding in 1883, it had two variant names, Aaron and Bull Scrape. The community is located on Old State Highway 181 and is on the Eastern Continental Divide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Montezuma's Ferrari", "paragraph_text": "Montezuma's Ferrari is the second novel in Burt \"BS\" Levy's series about a 19-year-old New Jersey gas station mechanic growing up and coming of age while being sucked into the glamorous, dangerous world of open-road sports car racing during the 1950s. The story begins just a week after \"The Last Open Road\" ends. In the book, Buddy Palumbo, the main character, repairs cars at the Sinclair gas station he works at in Passaic, New Jersey, and races all over the Eastern, predominantly Northern, United States and Mexico.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 \"places\", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls. These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Lincoln Township, Cuming County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Lincoln Township is one of sixteen townships in Cuming County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 244 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 232.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Emerson Township, Dixon County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Emerson Township is one of thirteen townships in Dixon County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 542 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 529.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Auto Avio Costruzioni 815", "paragraph_text": "The Auto Avio Costruzioni 815 was the first car to be fully designed and built by Enzo Ferrari. Legal issues with former associates Alfa Romeo prevented Ferrari from creating the Ferrari marque. The 815 raced at the 1940 Brescia Grand Prix, where both entries failed to finish due to engine problems. One of the cars was later scrapped, while the other is currently in a car collection in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Elkhorn Township, Dodge County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Elkhorn Township is one of fourteen townships in Dodge County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 416 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 391.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Wakefield Township, Dixon County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Wakefield Township is one of thirteen townships in Dixon County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,436 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 1,375.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Western Township, Knox County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Western Township is one of thirty townships in Knox County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 64 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 62.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "State of New Jersey Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Garden State Motto (s): Liberty and prosperity Official language None Spoken languages English (only) 69.4% Spanish 15.9% Indic 2.7% Chinese 1.5% Korean 1.1% French 0.97% Tagalog 0.94% Portuguese 0.91% Italian 0.83% Arabic 0.76% Polish 0.72% Russian 0.57% Demonym New Jerseyan (official), New Jerseyite Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Largest metro Greater New York Area Ranked 47th Total 8,722.58 sq mi (22,591.38 km) Width 70 miles (112 km) Length 170 miles (273 km)% water 15.7 Latitude 38 ° 56 ′ N to 41 ° 21 ′ N Longitude 73 ° 54 ′ W to 75 ° 34 ′ W Population Ranked 11th Total 9,032,872 (2018 est.) Density 1210.10 / sq mi (467 / km) Ranked 1st Median household income $68,357 (7th) Elevation Highest point High Point 1,803 ft (549.6 m) Mean 250 ft (80 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood Province of New Jersey Admission to Union December 18, 1787 (3rd) Governor Phil Murphy (D) Lieutenant Governor Sheila Oliver (D) Legislature New Jersey Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house General Assembly U.S. Senators Bob Menendez (D) Cory Booker (D) U.S. House delegation 7 Democrats 5 Republicans (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - NJ Abbreviations NJ, N.J. Website www.nj.gov", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Motobdella montezuma", "paragraph_text": "Motobdella montezuma is a species of leech which is only found in Montezuma Well, central Arizona, United States. It is a nocturnal pelagic predator that feeds almost exclusively on the endemic amphipod \"Hyalella montezuma\", which it detects using passive sonar and swallows whole.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chinese Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Year Driver Constructor Report 2017 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report 2016 Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report 2015 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report 2014 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report 2013 Fernando Alonso Ferrari Report 2012 Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report 2011 Lewis Hamilton McLaren - Mercedes Report Jenson Button McLaren - Mercedes Report 2009 Sebastian Vettel Red Bull - Renault Report 2008 Lewis Hamilton McLaren - Mercedes Report 2007 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari Report 2006 Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report 2005 Fernando Alonso Renault Report Rubens Barrichello Ferrari Report", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sappa Township, Harlan County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Sappa Township is one of sixteen townships in Harlan County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 324 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 298.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ferrari 575M Maranello", "paragraph_text": "The Ferrari 575M Maranello (Type F133) is a two-seat, two-door, grand tourer manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. Launched in 2002, it is essentially an updated 550 Maranello featuring minor styling changes from Pininfarina. The 575M was replaced by the 599 GTB in the first half of 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Oconee Township, Platte County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Oconee Township is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 491 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 496.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "McPhee Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "McPhee Reservoir is located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. It was constructed and is operated by the United States Bureau of Reclamation as part of the Dolores Project, and dams the Dolores River to furnish irrigation water for Montezuma and Dolores counties and the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alhambra, Montana", "paragraph_text": "Alhambra is a populated place in Jefferson County, Montana, United States. It is a subdivision about a mile south of Clancy and shares a postal code (59634) with that town. Alhambra is part of the Helena Micropolitan Area, and its population is counted within the Clancy census-designated place.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136647, "question": "Which place is Montezuma's Ferrari in?", "answer": "New Jersey", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 61064, "question": "what is the population of the state of #1", "answer": "9,032,872", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Christ Cathedral (Garden Grove, California)", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in 2010, creditors of Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed lawsuits to collect money due to them for providing goods, services and broadcasting The Hour of Power weekly TV show. A board member said that the total debt was $55 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland is one of the richest and wealthiest countries in the world. Switzerland ranks top or close to the top in several metrics of national performance, including government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic competitiveness, and human development. It has the highest nominal wealth (financial and non-financial assets) per adult in the world according to Credit Suisse and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product on the IMF list. Zürich and Geneva have each been ranked among the top cities with the highest quality of life in the world, with the former ranked 2nd globally, according to Mercer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Economy of India", "paragraph_text": "The economy of India is the sixth - largest in the world measured by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 and 2017 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "YouTube", "paragraph_text": "Organizations including Viacom, Mediaset, and the English Premier League have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed \"an astounding 1.5 billion times\". YouTube responded by stating that it \"goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of Baywatch characters", "paragraph_text": "Matt Brody (David Charvet); (seasons 3 -- 5, recurring season 6); Matt had a long - term relationship with Summer Quinn in the fourth season, and pursued a similar relationship with C.J. Parker in the fifth and sixth seasons. He was forced to resign because of a phony sexual harassment lawsuit filed by series' bad girl, 'Neely Capshaw, but was reinstated after the lawsuit proved to be false. After a while, Matt went back to France unable to cope with Neely's return. He eventually returned, but after going on a holiday with some members of the team, he was never seen again, which suggests he returned to France again. He is a main character in the 2017 Baywatch feature film, where he is played by Zac Efron.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001. However, since that time, Miami has experienced a revival: in 2008, Miami was ranked as \"America's Cleanest City\" according to Forbes for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. In a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States (of four U.S. cities included in the survey) and the world's fifth-richest city, in terms of purchasing power.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's \"heart\" and its \"Crossroads\", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. The names of many of the city's bridges, skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world, and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 469 stations in operation. New York City's higher education network comprises over 120 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "On November 17, 2014, Students for Fair Admissions, an offshoot of the Project on Fair Representation, filed lawsuits in federal district court challenging the admissions practices of Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The UNC-Chapel Hill lawsuit alleges discrimination against white and Asian students, while the Harvard lawsuit focuses on discrimination against Asian applicants. Both universities requested the court to halt the lawsuits until the U.S. Supreme Court provides clarification of relevant law by ruling in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin for the second time. This Supreme Court case will likely be decided in June 2016 or slightly earlier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Daniel Balsam", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Balsam is an American lawyer best known for his lawsuits against e-mail spammers for violations of Internet spam laws. Balsam has been filing lawsuits against spammers since 2002 and has earned over $1 million in court judgments. By filing lawsuits, Balsam aims to publicize the names of the principals who are profiting from spam advertising. He aims to make spamming less profitable and to cause companies to reconsider their decision to market products through spam. Balsam describes his practice as \"cleaning up the Internet,\" although his critics accuse him of taking advantage of the legal system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "India", "paragraph_text": "Economic liberalisation, begun in 1991, has caused India to become a fast growing major economy and a newly industrialised country. Its gross domestic product ranks sixth in the world in market exchange rates and third in purchasing power parity. Its per capita income ranks 133rd and 116th in the two measures. India faces challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the second largest active military in the world and ranks high in military expenditure. India is a secular, federal republic, governed in a democratic parliamentary system, and administered in 29 states and seven union territories. A pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society, India is home to 1.3 billion people. It is also home to a high diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland's economy as the most competitive in the world, while ranked by the European Union as Europe's most innovative country. For much of the 20th century, Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin (by GDP – per capita). In 2007 the gross median household income in Switzerland was an estimated 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity while the median income was 95,824 USD. Switzerland also has one of the world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mark Zuckerberg", "paragraph_text": "Harvard students Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra accused Zuckerberg of intentionally making them believe he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com (later called ConnectU). They filed a lawsuit in 2004, but it was dismissed on a technicality on March 28, 2007. It was refiled soon thereafter in federal court in Boston. Facebook countersued in regards to Social Butterfly, a project put out by The Winklevoss Chang Group, an alleged partnership between ConnectU and i2hub. On June 25, 2008, the case settled and Facebook agreed to transfer over 1.2 million common shares and pay $20 million in cash.In November 2007, confidential court documents were posted on the website of 02138, a magazine that catered to Harvard alumni. They included Zuckerberg's Social Security number, his parents' home address, and his girlfriend's address. Facebook filed to have the documents removed, but the judge ruled in favor of 02138.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York is a global hub of international business and commerce. In 2012, New York City topped the first Global Economic Power Index, published by The Atlantic (to be differentiated from a namesake list published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on similar lists as published by other entities. The city is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the United States; while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The Port of New York and New Jersey is also a major economic engine, handling record cargo volume in the first half of 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg. New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The X Factor", "paragraph_text": "The similarities between \"The X Factor\" and \"Idols\" prompted \"Idol\" creator Simon Fuller, along with 19 Entertainment, to file a lawsuit against Cowell, SYCOtv, and FremantleMedia in 2004. An out-of-court settlement was reached in 2005 allowing Fuller to gain a 10 per cent share in \"The X Factor\" format, and preventing an American version until 2010. Fuller later filed another lawsuit in 2011, claiming that he had also been promised that he would be credited as an executive producer of \"The X Factor USA\", but that Syco, FremantleMedia, and Fox Broadcasting Company had failed to fulfill that promise; that lawsuit is pending.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Copyright infringement", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., copyright infringement is sometimes confronted via lawsuits in civil court, against alleged infringers directly, or against providers of services and software that support unauthorized copying. For example, major motion-picture corporation MGM Studios filed suit against P2P file-sharing services Grokster and Streamcast for their contributory role in copyright infringement. In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of MGM, holding that such services could be held liable for copyright infringement since they functioned and, indeed, willfully marketed themselves as venues for acquiring copyrighted movies. The MGM v. Grokster case did not overturn the earlier Sony decision, but rather clouded the legal waters; future designers of software capable of being used for copyright infringement were warned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Peter Nijkamp", "paragraph_text": "Peter Nijkamp (born 26 February 1946) is a Dutch economist, Professor of Regional Economics and Economic Geography at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, a fellow of the Tinbergen Institute and President of the Governing Board of the Netherlands Research Council (NWO). He is ranked among the top 100 economists in the world according to IDEAS/RePEc, and is by far the most prolific economist. Towards the end of his career at the VU university Nijkamp faced accusations of (self)plagiarism and VU-appointed investigators have criticised referencing methods in some of his work.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160135, "question": "In what location was a lawsuit filed again?", "answer": "Boston", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 6891, "question": "What rank does #1 hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world?", "answer": "among the top 30", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "David Wayne Hooks Memorial Airport", "paragraph_text": "On June 27, 2007, The Texas State Legislature approved Tomball's request to annex Hooks Airport even though the airport does not border the Tomball city limits. Since the airport is in the city of Houston's extraterritorial jurisdiction, the city of Tomball must get permission from Houston to annex the airport. As of summer of 2010, the annex still has not been finalized.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Jazz in the Space Age", "paragraph_text": "Jazz in the Space Age is an album by George Russell originally released on Decca in 1960. The album contains tracks conducted and arranged by Russell performed by Ernie Royal, Bob Brookmeyer, Frank Rehak, Al Kiger, Marky Markowitz, David Baker, Jimmy Buffington, Hal McKusick, Dave Young, Sol Schlinger, Bill Evans, Paul Bley, Barry Galbraith, Howard Collins, Milt Hinton, Don Lamond and Charlie Persip.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yellou", "paragraph_text": "Yellou is a village in the Kayao Department of Bazèga Province in central Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 615. It is the birthplace of former president of Niger Daouda Malam Wanké.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Crisp, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Crisp is an unincorporated community in Ellis County, Texas, United States. It was the birthplace of country music star Ernest Tubb. It is located east of Waxahachie.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "McKamie Farmhouse", "paragraph_text": "The McKamie Farmhouse was a farmhouse located in Waxhaws, North Carolina, and is one of two disputed birthplaces of Andrew Jackson, the other being in South Carolina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Japanese colonial empire", "paragraph_text": "Korea was occupied and declared a Japanese protectorate following the Japan -- Korea Treaty of 1905, and officially annexed in 1910 through the annexation treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Butka, Russia", "paragraph_text": "Butka () is a village in Talitsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. It is known as the birthplace of the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wheeler-Minot Farmhouse", "paragraph_text": "The Wheeler-Minot Farmhouse, also known as the Thoreau Farm or the Henry David Thoreau Birthplace, is a historic house at 341 Virginia Road in Concord, Massachusetts, United States. It is significant as the birthplace of writer Henry David Thoreau. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It currently serves as a museum and is open to the public.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Frank Rehak", "paragraph_text": "Frank Rehak (born July 6, 1926 in New York City; died in Badger, California on June 22, 1987) was a jazz trombonist. He started on piano and cello before switching to trombone. He was a member of the Gil Evans band and worked with fellow member Miles Davis. He also appeared with Davis on the broadcast \"The Sounds of Miles Davis.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Yerkes Observatory", "paragraph_text": "The observatory, which called itself \"the birthplace of modern astrophysics\", was founded in 1897 by astronomer George Ellery Hale and financed by businessman Charles T. Yerkes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Bronx", "paragraph_text": "The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River, including the Town of Westchester (which had voted in 1894 against consolidation) and portions of Eastchester and Pelham, were annexed to the city. City Island, a nautical community, voted to join the city in 1896.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Third Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Burma was annexed by the British on January 1, 1886. Critics of the war consider the timing of the annexation to be strong proof of what the British motives really were. But the annexation was only the beginning of an insurgency which would last until 1896.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Stevensville, Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Stevensville is a small community in southern Ontario, Canada in the town of Fort Erie, most notable as the birthplace of Canadian entrepreneur James L. Kraft.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Luna, Rajasthan", "paragraph_text": "Luna is a village in Rajasthan, India, famous as the birthplace of Mehdi Hassan. It is a panchayat village in AlsisarTehseel of Jhunjhunu District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Bronx", "paragraph_text": "The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge (roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn) was established within the former borders of Yonkers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sazhdenik", "paragraph_text": "Sazhdenik is a village in Kyustendil Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria. It is the birthplace of Czech politician Vaclav Klaus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Miep Gies", "paragraph_text": "Hermine \"Miep\" Gies (née Santruschitz; 15 February 1909 – 11 January 2010) (), was one of the Dutch citizens who hid Anne Frank, her family (Otto Frank, Margot Frank, Edith Frank-Holländer) and four other Jews (Fritz Pfeffer, Hermann van Pels, Auguste van Pels, Peter van Pels) from the Nazis in an annex above Otto Frank's business premises during World War II. She was Austrian by birth, but in 1920, at the age of eleven, she was taken in as a foster child by a Dutch family to whom she became very attached. Although she was initially only to stay for six months, this stay was extended to one year because of frail health, after which Gies chose to remain with them, living the rest of her life in the Netherlands. She died in 2010 at 100 years of age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story", "paragraph_text": "Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story is a television play which aired on the DuMont Television Network on November 14, 1951.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cassano Magnago", "paragraph_text": "Cassano Magnago is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Varese, Lombardy, Italy. It is the birthplace of politician Umberto Bossi; cycling champion Ivan Basso lives here.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "New London Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "New London Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,631 at the 2010 census. It was the birthplace of U.S. Founding Father Thomas McKean.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144391, "question": "What is Frank Rehak's birthplace?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 38387, "question": "When did #1 annex Morrisania?", "answer": "1873", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Baxin", "paragraph_text": "The Baxin is a typical sweet originating from Liguria, Italy. It consists of anise seeds, sugar, flour and lemon. It has been made for some time — by the eighteenth century it was produced and sold by Benedictine monks in Liguria. The origin of Baxin is unknown.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was supporting the creation of an independent Arab state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Northern Seven Years' War", "paragraph_text": "1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida. The arrival of British reinforcements stalled a further Spanish advance, and the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara saw British-Portuguese forces overrun a major Spanish supply base. The invaders were stopped on the heights in front of Abrantes (called the pass to Lisbon) where the Anglo-Portuguese were entrenched. Eventually the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain, recovering almost all the lost towns, among them the Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco full of wounded and sick that had been left behind.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "All You Need Is Love", "paragraph_text": "``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "During the 19th century, Britain and the Russian Empire vied to fill the power vacuums that had been left by the declining Ottoman Empire, Qajar dynasty and Qing Dynasty. This rivalry in Eurasia came to be known as the \"Great Game\". As far as Britain was concerned, defeats inflicted by Russia on Persia and Turkey demonstrated its imperial ambitions and capabilities and stoked fears in Britain of an overland invasion of India. In 1839, Britain moved to pre-empt this by invading Afghanistan, but the First Anglo-Afghan War was a disaster for Britain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Billie Jo", "paragraph_text": "Billie Jo is the eighth studio album by American country singer Billie Jo Spears, released in 1975. It reached #45 on the US country charts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand. The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier. Also involved were the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang (consisting of most of Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia respectively), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, Rhodesia, Britain's last African colony, became the independent nation of Zimbabwe. The New Hebrides achieved independence (as Vanuatu) in 1980, with Belize following suit in 1981. The passage of the British Nationality Act 1981, which reclassified the remaining Crown colonies as \"British Dependent Territories\" (renamed British Overseas Territories in 2002) meant that, aside from a scattering of islands and outposts the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete. In 1982, Britain's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire. Britain's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain's status as a world power. The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution. Similarly, the Constitution Act 1986 reformed the constitution of New Zealand to sever its constitutional link with Britain, and the Australia Act 1986 severed the constitutional link between Britain and the Australian states. In 1984, Brunei, Britain's last remaining Asian protectorate, gained its independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Allied invasion of Italy", "paragraph_text": "The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place on 3 September 1943 during the early stages of the Italian Campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group (comprising General Mark W. Clark's Fifth Army and General Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army) and followed the successful invasion of Sicily. The main invasion force landed around Salerno on 9 September on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria (Operation Baytown) and Taranto (Operation Slapstick).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Roman Britain", "paragraph_text": "Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54 BC as part of his Gallic Wars. The Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by other Celtic tribes during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. He received tribute, installed a friendly king over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25 BC. In 40 AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel, only to have them gather seashells. Three years later, Claudius directed four legions to invade Britain and restore an exiled king over the Atrebates. The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni, and then organized their conquests as the Province of Britain (Latin: Provincia Britannia). By the year 47, the Romans held the lands southeast of the Fosse Way. Control over Wales was delayed by reverses and the effects of Boudica's uprising, but the Romans expanded steadily northward.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Galaxian 2", "paragraph_text": "Galaxian 2 (also written as Galaxian II ) is a handheld electronic game that was released in 1981 in the US by Entex Industries. It was also released the same year in Japan under the name \"Astro Galaxy\" and in Europe under the name \"Astro Invader\". The game was also released under the Futuretronics brand in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton", "paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Michael Ray (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Title Album details Peak chart positions Sales US Country US AUS Michael Ray Release date: 2010 Label: Self - released Formats: CD, digital download -- -- -- Michael Ray Release date: August 7, 2015 Label: Atlantic Nashville Formats: CD, digital download 21 60 US: 51,000 ``-- ''denotes releases that did not chart", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Stage Invader", "paragraph_text": "Stage Invader is the first studio album by the British dance music group Linus Loves, released on 22 May 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Streamline (Lee Greenwood album)", "paragraph_text": "Streamline' is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Lee Greenwood, released in 1985. It was number one on US Country charts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that \"the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live\" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sir or Madam", "paragraph_text": "Sir or Madam (German: Ossi hat die Hosen an) is a 1928 British-German silent comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Margot Armand, Percy Marmont and Ossi Oswalda. It was based on the 1923 novel \"Sir or Madame\" by Berta Ruck and shot at Elstree Studios near London. The film was a co-production between Germany and Britain, with separate versions released in the countries. In Britain it was not released until February 1930.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Bad Channels", "paragraph_text": "Bad Channels is a 1992 American science fiction spoof, released by Full Moon Features. It is about two aliens (Cosmo & Lump) who invade a radio station with the intention of capturing female humans, by using radio broadcasts. The hero is a DJ forced to combat the aliens alone when listeners think he is joking about the invasion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Beam Invader", "paragraph_text": "Beam Invader is a shoot 'em up arcade game released in 1979 by Tekunon Kougyou. It is one of several clones of \"Space Invaders\" which was released the previous year. Unlike the original game, this game uses a paddle as the movement control device rather than a joystick or left/right buttons.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106102, "question": "What country released Baxin?", "answer": "Italy", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 85837, "question": "when did the us and britain invade #1", "answer": "3 September 1943", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Egyptian pyramids", "paragraph_text": "The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mark Lehner", "paragraph_text": "Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site—from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries. The Tura limestone used for the casing was quarried across the river. The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the ``King's ''chamber, weigh 25 to 80 tonnes and were transported from Aswan, more than 800 km (500 mi) away. Traditionally, ancient Egyptians cut stone blocks by hammering into them wooden wedges, which were then soaked with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, causing the rock to crack. Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Pyramid of Menkaure", "paragraph_text": "The Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three main Pyramids of Giza, located on the Giza Plateau in the southwestern outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. It is thought to have been built to serve as the tomb of the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Menkaure.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai", "paragraph_text": "Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai forms an important link between his father, Qusai ibn Kilab (c. 400–480), the great-great-grandfather of Shaiba ibn Hashim (Abdul-Mutallib) and his own sons, since he is the progenitor of the Banu Abd-al-dar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which the pyramid was built and was unfinished. The so - called Queen's Chamber and King's Chamber are higher up within the pyramid structure. The main part of the Giza complex is a setting of buildings that included two mortuary temples in honour of Khufu (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile), three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller ``satellite ''pyramid, a raised causeway connecting the two temples, and small mastaba tombs surrounding the pyramid for nobles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries. The Tura limestone used for the casing was quarried across the river. The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the ``King's ''chamber, weigh 25 to 80 tonnes and were transported from Aswan, more than 800 km (500 mi) away. Traditionally, ancient Egyptians cut stone blocks by hammering into them some wooden wedges, which were then soaked with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, causing the rock to crack. Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Al-Damiri", "paragraph_text": "Al-Damiri belonged to one of the two towns called Damira near Damietta and spent his life in Egypt. Of the Shafiite school of law, he became professor of tradition in the Rukniyya at Cairo, and also at the mosque al-Azhar; in connection with this work he wrote a commentary on the \"Minhāj al-Ṭalibīn\" of Al-Nawawi.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings", "paragraph_text": "The earliest structures now known to be the tallest in the world were the Egyptian pyramids, with the Great Pyramid of Giza, at an original height of 146.5 metres (481 ft), being the tallest man -- made structure in the world for over 3,800 years, until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1300. From then until the completion of the Washington Monument (capped in 1884) the world's tallest buildings were churches or cathedrals. Later, the Eiffel Tower and, still later, some radio masts and television towers were the world's tallest structures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 to 20 - year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man - made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Egyptologists believe the pyramid was built as a tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenicised as ``Cheops '') and was constructed over a 20 - year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian Royal cubits tall (146.5 metres (480.6 ft)), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is 138.8 metres (455.4 ft). Each base side was 440 cubits, 230.4 metres (755.9 ft) long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Jordan", "paragraph_text": "Jordan (Arabic: الْأُرْدُنّ ‎ Al - ʾUrdunn (al. ʔur. dunn)), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية ‎ Al - Mamlakah Al - Urdunnīyah Al - Hāshimīyah), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, Iraq to the north - east, Syria to the north, Israel and Palestine to the west. The Dead Sea lies along its western borders and the country has a small shoreline on the Red Sea in its extreme south - west, but is otherwise landlocked. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "It is believed by Egyptologists that the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenicised as ``Cheops '') and was constructed over a 20 - year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian cubits tall (146.5 metres (480.6 ft)), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is 138.8 metres (455.4 ft). Each base side was 440 cubits, 230.4 metres (755.9 ft) long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 - to 20 - year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man - made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by limestone casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Pyramid of Userkaf", "paragraph_text": "Userkaf's pyramid is located on the northeast corner of Djoser's step pyramid complex. The pyramid was originally around 49 metres (161 ft) high and 73 metres (240 ft) large with an inclination of 53° identical to that of Khufu's great pyramid for a total volume of 87,906 m3 (114,977 cu yd). The core of the pyramid is built of small, roughly-hewn blocks of local limestone disposed in horizontal layers. This meant a considerable saving of labor as compared to the large and more accurately-hewn stone cores of 4th Dynasty pyramids. However, as the outer casing of Userkaf's pyramid fell victim to stone robbers throughout the millennia, the loosely assembled core material was progressively exposed and fared much worse over time than that of the older pyramids. This explains the current ruined state of the pyramid.The pyramid core was constructed in a step-like structure, a construction technique similar to that of the 4th dynasty although the building material was of a significantly lower quality. The outer casing of the pyramid was made of fine Tura limestone which certainly ensured Userkaf's construction an appearance similar to that of the glorious 4th Dynasty pyramids. There was however no red granite paneling over the lower part of the pyramid as in the case of the Pyramid of Menkaure.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pyramid of Userkaf", "paragraph_text": "Userkaf's pyramid is part of a larger mortuary complex comprising a mortuary temple, an offering chapel and a cult pyramid as well as separate pyramid and mortuary temple for Userkaf's wife, queen Neferhetepes. Userkaf's mortuary temple and cult pyramid are today completely ruined and difficult to recognize. The pyramid of the queen is no more than a mound of rubble, with its funerary chamber exposed by stone robbers.The complex is markedly different from those built during the 4th Dynasty (c. 2613–2494 BC) in its size, architecture and location, being at Saqqara rather than Gizah. As such, Userkaf's pyramid complex could be a manifestation of the profound changes in the ideology of kingship that took place between the 4th and 5th dynasties, changes that may have started during the reign of Userkaf's likely immediate predecessor, Shepseskaf. Some 1500 years after its construction, the pyramid complex was restored under Ramses II. During the much later Saite period (664–525 BC), it was used as a cemetery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Giza pyramid complex", "paragraph_text": "The Pyramids of Giza consist of the Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Cheops or Khufu and constructed c. 2560 -- 2540 BC), the somewhat smaller Pyramid of Khafre (or Chephren) a few hundred meters to the south - west, and the relatively modest - sized Pyramid of Menkaure (or Mykerinos) a few hundred meters farther south - west. The Great Sphinx lies on the east side of the complex. Current consensus among Egyptologists is that the head of the Great Sphinx is that of Khafre. Along with these major monuments are a number of smaller satellite edifices, known as ``queens ''pyramids, causeways and valley pyramids.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Based on these estimates, building the pyramid in 20 years would involve installing approximately 800 tonnes of stone every day. Additionally, since it consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks, completing the building in 20 years would involve moving an average of more than 12 of the blocks into place each hour, day and night. The first precision measurements of the pyramid were made by Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie in 1880 -- 82 and published as The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. Almost all reports are based on his measurements. Many of the casing stones and inner chamber blocks of the Great Pyramid fit together with extremely high precision. Based on measurements taken on the northeastern casing stones, the mean opening of the joints is only 0.5 millimetre wide (1 / 50 of an inch).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenicised as ``Cheops '') and was constructed over a 20 - year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian cubits tall (146.5 metres (480.6 ft)), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is 138.8 metres (455.4 ft). Each base side was 440 cubits, 230.4 metres (755.9 ft) long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Great Pyramid Robbery", "paragraph_text": "The Great Pyramid Robbery is a fantasy novel by English writer Katherine Roberts, the first book in The Seven Fabulous Wonders series and the prequel to \"The Babylon Game\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 102993, "question": "What country was Al-Damiri in?", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 91649, "question": "where is the great pyramids of #1 located", "answer": "Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[ "Cairo", "Cairo, Egypt" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter is a British - American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J.K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 (2011). A spin - off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016). The Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a motion - based dark ride located in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter themed areas of Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood in Universal City, California, and Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan. The ride takes guests through scenes and environments in and around Hogwarts Castle from the Harry Potter series of books and films. Mark Woodbury, president of Universal Creative, described the ride as an in - depth look at the world of Harry Potter, which utilizes never - before - seen technology which transforms ``the theme park experience as you know it ''. The ride first opened at Islands of Adventure with The Wizarding World of Harry Potter on June 18, 2010, at Universal Studios Japan on July 15, 2014, and at Universal Studios Hollywood on April 7, 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released in the United States, India and Pakistan as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 1997 novel of the same name. The film is the first instalment of the \"Harry Potter\" film series and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. Its story follows Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince is the sixth book in the Harry Potter series. The first book in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was first published by Bloomsbury in 1997, with an initial print - run of 500 copies in hardback, 300 of which were distributed to libraries. By the end of 1997, the UK edition won a National Book Award and a gold medal in the 9 - to 11 - year - olds category of the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. The second book, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was then published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the longest novel in the Harry Potter series, was released 21 June 2003. After the publishing of Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince, the seventh and final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was released 21 July 2007. The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release: 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in the US.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Draco Malfoy", "paragraph_text": "Draco Lucius Malfoy is a character in J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series. He is a student in Harry Potter's year belonging in the Slytherin house. He is frequently accompanied by his two cronies, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle, who act as henchmen. Draco is characterised as a cowardly bully who manipulates and hurts people to get what he wants; nevertheless, he is a cunning user of magic. He was played by Tom Felton in the Harry Potter film series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts purports to be a reproduction of a textbook owned by Harry Potter and written by magizoologist Newt Scamander, a character in the fictional Harry Potter series. In the series, Magizoology is the study of magical creatures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter is a British - American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J.K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 (2011). A spin - off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2003 novel of the same name. The fifth instalment in the \"Harry Potter\" film series, it was written by Michael Goldenberg (making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron. The story follows Harry Potter's fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is a fantasy novel written by British author J.K. Rowling and the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series. The book was released on 21 July 2007, ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. It was published by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom, in the United States by Scholastic, and in Canada by Raincoast Books. The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince (2005), and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Motion Picture Director Writer Producer (s) Composer Novel by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Chris Columbus Steve Kloves David Heyman John Williams Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Alfonso Cuarón Chris Columbus, David Heyman & Mark Radcliffe Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Mike Newell David Heyman Patrick Doyle Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix David Yates Michael Goldenberg David Heyman & David Barron Nicholas Hooper Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Steve Kloves Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 David Heyman, David Barron & J.K. Rowling Alexandre Desplat Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is a fantasy book written by British author J.K. Rowling and the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series. The book was released on 21 July 2007, ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. It was published by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom, in the United States by Scholastic, and in Canada by Raincoast Books. The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince (2005), and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Fictional universe of Harry Potter", "paragraph_text": "The fictional universe of British author J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series of fantasy novels comprises two distinct societies: the Wizarding World and the Muggle world. In the novels, the Muggle world is the world inhabited by the non-magical majority, with which the Wizarding world exists coextensively, albeit mostly remaining hidden from the non-magical humans. The plot of the series is set in 1990s Britain, but in a veiled and separate shadow society wherein magic is commonly used and practised, and those who can use it live in self - enforced seclusion, hiding their abilities from the rest of the world. The term ``Wizarding World ''refers to the global wizard community that lives hidden in parallel with the Muggle world; the different terms refer to different communities within the same area rather than separate planets or worlds. Any new works taking place in this universe are released under the`` J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World'' brand.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2001 book written by British author J.K. Rowling (under the pen name of the fictitious author Newt Scamander) about the magical creatures in the Harry Potter universe. The original version purports to be Harry Potter's copy of the textbook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (or Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the US), the first novel of the Harry Potter series. It includes several notes inside it supposedly handwritten by Harry, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger, detailing their own experiences with some of the beasts described, and including in - jokes relating to the original series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Lord Voldemort", "paragraph_text": "Lord Voldemort (, in the films; born Tom Marvolo Riddle) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in J. K. Rowling's series of \"Harry Potter\" novels. Voldemort first appeared in \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", which was released in 1997. Voldemort appears either in person or in flashbacks in each book and its film adaptation in the series, except the third, \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\", where he is only mentioned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Potter Puppet Pals", "paragraph_text": "Potter Puppet Pals is a puppet show web series parodying the \"Harry Potter\" novel series by JK Rowling, created by Neil Cicierega.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bonnie Wright", "paragraph_text": "Bonnie Francesca Wright (born 17 February 1991) is a British actress, film director and model. She is best known for playing the role of Ginny Weasley in the Harry Potter film series, based on the Harry Potter novel series by British author J.K. Rowling.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "French and Indian War", "paragraph_text": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain, in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida (Spain had ceded this to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba). France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Dumbledore's Army", "paragraph_text": "Dumbledore's Army (or D.A. for short) is a fictional student organisation in J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series that is founded by the main characters, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, to stand up against the regime of Hogwarts High Inquisitor Dolores Umbridge, as well as to learn practical Defence Against the Dark Arts. It was founded in the fifth book, \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Tales of Beedle the Bard", "paragraph_text": "The Tales of Beedle the Bard is a book of children's stories by British author J.K. Rowling. There is a storybook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the last book of the Harry Potter series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Wrockstock", "paragraph_text": "Wrockstock was a yearly music festival featuring wizard rock, music inspired by the world of Harry Potter. Its name is a play on the music festival Woodstock. Wrockstock was first held in 2007. Organized by Abby Hupp, it was the first large Wizard Rock gathering of its kind that was not part of a general Harry Potter fan conference. It took place at the YMCA summer camp near Ozark, Missouri. The first year it was titled \"WRockstock Spooktacular\". It doubled as a fundraiser for the Harry Potter Alliance, a charitable foundation run by Harry Potter fans. Its final festival was in 2013.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 71241, "question": "where does the harry potter series take place", "answer": "Britain", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 42360, "question": "What territory was ceded to #1 ?", "answer": "territory east of the Mississippi", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kizimkazi Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Kizimkazi Mosque is a mosque situated on the southern tip of the island of Zanzibar in Tanzania and is one of the oldest Islamic buildings on the East African coast. Despite its name, it is located in Dimbani, not Kizimkazi, which is away (this is because the official names of these two joined villages are Kizimkazi Dimbani and Kizimkazi Mtendeni). According to a preserved kufic inscription, it was built in 1107 by settlers from Shiraz. Although the inscription and certain coral-carved decorative elements date from the period of construction, the majority of the present structure was rebuilt in the 18th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Üç Şerefeli Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Üç Şerefeli Mosque was commissioned by Ottoman sultan Murad II (1421–1444,1446– 1451), and built between 1438 and 1447. It is located in the historical center of the city, close to the Selimiye Mosque and Old Mosque. The name refers to unusual minaret with three balconies (Turkish: üç şerefeli).The architect of the mosque is not known. It is built of Burgaz limestone with a main dome that is 24 m in diameter. When first built the dome was the largest in any Ottoman building. The mosque was severely damaged by fire in 1732 and by an earthquake in 1748 but was repaired on the order of Mahmut I.The two blue and turquoise underglaze-painted tile panels in the tympana of the windows were probably produced by the same group of tilemakers who had decorated the Yeşil Mosque (1419–21) in Bursa where the tiles are signed as \"the work of the masters of Tabriz\" (ʿamal-i ustadan-i Tabriz). The running pattern of the Chinese influenced floral border tiles is similar to those in the small Muradiye Mosque in Edirne.In the Şakaiki Numaniye Taş Köprü Zade relates how 'Certain accursed ones of no significance' were burnt to death by Mahmut Paşa who accidentally set fire to his beard in the process.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Franciotto Orsini", "paragraph_text": "A member of the Orsini family, Franciotto Orsini was born in Rome in 1473, the son of Orso Orsini di Monteredondo and Costanza Savelli.Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church He was a nephew of Pope Leo X on his father's side. Orsini was educated in Florence by Lorenzo de' Medici.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren)", "paragraph_text": "The Sinan Pasha Mosque (; ; ; ) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim. The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Rüstem Pasha Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Rüstem Pasha Islamic cultural center was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha (the husband of one of the daughters of Suleiman the Magnificent by Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana), Mihrimah Sultan). Rüstem Pasha died at age 61 in July 1561 and the mosque was built after his death from around 1561 until 1563. The mosque complex now hosts a religious school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Naissa Mosque", "paragraph_text": "Naissa Mosque is a mosque in Qardaha, along the Syrian coast. It was built in 1989 by architect Abdul Rahman Naassan, and funded by the mother of former president Hafez al-Assad, Naissa Assad—after whom the mosque was named. The state funeral of Hafez al-Assad was observed at the mosque.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John II Orsini", "paragraph_text": "John II Orsini, also John Komnenos Doukas or Comnenus Ducas (Greek: Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Δούκας, \"Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas\", Italian: Giovanni II Orsini), was count palatine of Cephalonia from 1323 to 1324 and Despot of Epirus from 1323 to 1335.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)", "paragraph_text": "As built, the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque had a külliye which included (besides madrasah) a double hamman, türbe and a low row of shops under the terrace upon which the mosque was built, whose rents were intended to financially support the mosque complex.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mevlana Mosque, Rotterdam", "paragraph_text": "The Mevlana Mosque (; ) is a mosque in northwestern Rotterdam, Netherlands which serves mainly Turkish-Dutch Muslims. The mosque, named after Rumi, was built in 2001 and benefits from two minarets. The mosque was voted as Rotterdam's most attractive building in 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jama Masjid, Delhi", "paragraph_text": "Mughal emperor Shah Jahan built the Jama Masjid between 1644 and 1656. It was constructed by more than 5000 workers. It was originally called Masjid - i - Jahan - Numa, meaning 'mosque commanding view of the world'. The construction was done under the supervision of Saadullah Khan, wazir (or prime minister) during Shah Jahan's rule. The cost of the construction at the time was one million Rupees. Shah Jahan also built the Taj Mahal, at Agra and the Red Fort in New Delhi, which stands opposite the Jama Masjid. The Jama Masjid was completed in 1656 AD (1066 AH). The mosque was inaugurated by an Imam Bukhari, a mullah from Bukhara, Uzbekistan, on 23 July 1656, on the invitation from Shah Jahan. About 25,000 people can pray in the courtyard at a time and it is sometimes regarded as India's largest mosque. The mosque is commonly called ``Jama ''which means Friday.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Piyale Pasha Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Piyale Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the vizier and grand admiral Piyale Mehmed Pasha. The mosque was built between 1565 and 1573.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hassan II Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Hassan II Mosque (, ) is a mosque in Casablanca, Morocco. It is the largest mosque in Africa, and the 5th largest in the world. Its minaret is the world's second tallest minaret at . Completed in 1993, it was designed by Michel Pinseau and built by Bouygues. The minaret is 60 stories high topped by a laser, the light from which is directed towards Mecca. The mosque stands on a promontory looking out to the Atlantic Ocean; worshippers can pray over the sea but there is no glass floor looking into the sea. The walls are of hand-crafted marble and the roof is retractable. A maximum of 105,000 worshippers can gather together for prayer: 25,000 inside the mosque hall and another 80,000 on the mosque's outside ground.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking", "paragraph_text": "The Shah Jahan Mosque (also known as Woking Mosque) in Oriental Road, Woking, England, is the first purpose - built mosque in the United Kingdom. Built in 1889, it is located 30 miles (50 km) southwest of London. It is a Grade I listed building.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kocatepe Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Kocatepe Mosque () is the largest mosque in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. It was built between 1967 and 1987 in the Kocatepe quarter in Kızılay, and its size and prominent situation have made it a landmark that can be seen from almost anywhere in central Ankara.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Lal Masjid, Islamabad", "paragraph_text": "The Red Mosque located on Masjid (mosque) Road is one of the oldest mosques within the capital. Before the construction of Faisal Mosque, the largest in the capital as well as the country, it was in the Red Mosque that presidents and other high public dignitaries came to offer ceremonial prayers .Located at a very centralized position, it lies in close proximity to the two busiest commercial centres of the city, Aabparah market in the east and Melody market in the north. It was built in 1965 and is named for its red walls and interiors. According to Capital Development Authority (CDA) records, the Lal Masjid is one of the oldest Mosques in Islamabad. Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was appointed its first imam. Abdullah was critical of all governments except Zia's with whom he was very close. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq had very close relationship with Maulana Muhammad Abdullah, the former head of the mosque. During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), the Red Mosque played a major role in recruiting and training mujahideen to fight with Alongside Afghan mujahideen. Throughout its existence, it has enjoyed patronage from influential members of the government, prime ministers, army chiefs, and presidents. Several thousand male and female students live in adjacent seminaries.After Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was assassinated in 1998, his sons Abdul Aziz and Abdul Rashid took over the mosque, Abdul Aziz remains the official khateeb (sermon giver) of the Mosque.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Islamic Cultural Center of New York", "paragraph_text": "The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a mosque and Islamic cultural center in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located at 1711 Third Avenue, between East 96th and 97th Streets. The Islamic Cultural Center was the first mosque built in New York City. The mosque's older dwelling in a townhouse at 1 Riverside Drive, is still in continual prayer use as a satellite location.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque or the Floating Mosque is the first real floating mosque in Malaysia. It is situated in Kuala Ibai Lagoon near the estuary of Kuala Ibai River, 4 km from Kuala Terengganu Town. Construction began in 1993 and finished in 1995. The mosque was officially opened in July 1995 by Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, the late Sultan of Terengganu. The mosque combines modern and Moorish architecture; incorporating the use of marble, ceramics, mosaic works and bomanite paving. The white structure of the mosque covers an area of roughly 5 acres and can accommodate up to 2000 attendees at a time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta", "paragraph_text": "Istiqlal Mosque () in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and the third largest Sunni mosque in term of capacity. This national mosque of Indonesia was built to commemorate Indonesian independence and named \"Istiqlal\", an Arabic word for \"independence\". The mosque was opened to the public 22 February 1978. Within Jakarta, the mosque is positioned next to Merdeka Square and the Jakarta Cathedral.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, then capital of the Arab Caliphate. The mosque was built between 706 and 715. The caliph obtained 200 skilled workers from the Byzantine Emperor to decorate the building. This is evidenced by the partly Byzantine style of the decoration. The mosaics of the inner courtyard depict Paradise with beautiful trees, flowers and small hill towns and villages in the background. The mosaics include no human figures, which makes them different from the otherwise similar contemporary Byzantine works. The biggest continuous section survives under the western arcade of the courtyard, called the \"Barada Panel\" after the river Barada. It is thought that the mosque used to have the largest gold mosaic in the world, at over 4 m2. In 1893 a fire damaged the mosque extensively, and many mosaics were lost, although some have been restored since.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 16759, "question": "Where was Orsini from?", "answer": "Britain", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 74989, "question": "when was the first mosque built in #1", "answer": "1889", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Children in Need 2005", "paragraph_text": "Children in Need 2005 was a campaign held in the United Kingdom to raise money for the charity Children in Need. It culminated in a live broadcast on BBC One on the evening of Friday 18 November and was hosted by Terry Wogan, Fearne Cotton, Natasha Kaplinsky and, from RAF Brize Norton, Matt Allwright. The voice over was Alan Dedicoat. A total of £17,235,256 was raised by the closing minute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "RAF Wildenrath", "paragraph_text": "Royal Air Force Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force military airbase near Wildenrath in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany that operated from 1952 to 1992. Wildenrath was the first of four 'Clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. It opened on 15 January 1952, and was followed by RAF Geilenkirchen on 24 May 1953, RAF Brüggen in July 1953 and RAF Laarbruch that opened on 15 October 1954. RAF Wildenrath, RAF Brüggen and RAF Laarbruch were close to each other and came under the auspices of NATO's Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Formula One engines", "paragraph_text": "The FIA announced the intention to change the 2.4 - litre V8 engines to 1.6 litre V6 turbo engines for the 2014 season. The new regulations include multiple energy recovery systems and fuel flow restrictions, to attract more commercial partners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Conflict of Wings", "paragraph_text": "The film was made at Beaconsfield Film Studios, on location in Norfolkand in East Yorkshire at RAF Leconfield. The film sets were designed by art director Ray Simm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Airport", "paragraph_text": "An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for the Royal Air Force's scheduled TriStar flights to the Falkland Islands. Some airbases are co-located with civilian airports, sharing the same ATC facilities, runways, taxiways and emergency services, but with separate terminals, parking areas and hangars. Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "9767 Midsomer Norton", "paragraph_text": "9767 Midsomer Norton (1992 EB1) is an outer main-belt asteroid discovered on March 10, 1992, by Duncan Steel at Siding Spring. It is one of very few asteroids located in the 2 : 1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Testerton", "paragraph_text": "Testerton is a small village in the English county of Norfolk. It is located between the village of Great Ryburgh and the market town of Fakenham. Any remaining population is included in the civil parish of Pudding Norton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Peugeot HR1", "paragraph_text": "The Peugeot HR1 is a concept car designed by Peugeot for the 2010 Paris Motor Show. It is a Supermini SUV and features an innovative hybrid powertrain. Instead of using a diesel linked to an electric motor, like in the Peugeot 3008 and Peugeot 508, it uses a 1.2 litre petrol engine. The concept is 3.67m long, which is shorter than the Nissan Juke, but longer than the Citroën Lacoste. The Lacoste is its sister car and also uses a hybrid engine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mona Shores Public Schools", "paragraph_text": "Mona Shores Public Schools is a public school district located in Michigan, United States, in the western side of the state near Lake Michigan. The district includes most of the city of Norton Shores, which is just south of Muskegon. The superintendent is Bill O'Brien.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Heineken", "paragraph_text": "Since 1975, most Heineken brand beer has been brewed at their brewery in Zoeterwoude, Netherlands. In 2011, 2.74 billion litres of Heineken brand beer were produced worldwide, while the total beer production of all breweries fully owned by the Heineken Group over all brands was 16.46 billion litres globally.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Petro Sport Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Petrosport Stadium (, : Estad Petrosport) is a multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 16,000 located in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. It was completed in 2006. It is the home for ENPPI and other Petrol clubs in Egypt. Zamalek also play the majority of their home games at the Petrosport Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Norton Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "The Norton Reservoir is a lake/reservoir/pond within the towns of Norton and Mansfield, in southeastern Massachusetts. The Rumford River empties out into the reservoir.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre", "paragraph_text": "The Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre, which is situated north-west of the village of Gaydon, Warwickshire, England, is one of the principal engineering centres of Jaguar Land Rover and the location of the headquarters of Land Rover. The site houses a design, research and development centre and extensive test track facilities and is used for the design and development of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles. The site, along with the smaller Aston Martin facility adjacent, occupies the land that was once the RAF V bomber base of RAF Gaydon. The British Motor Museum is also located on the same site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Metrication in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "1970 Electric Cable Makers Confederation, British Aerospace Companies Limited drawing and documentation, London Metal Exchange, flat glass 1971 Paper and board, National Coal Board designs, pharmaceuticals 1972 Paint industry, steel industry, building regulations 1974 Textile and wool transactions, leading clothing manufacturers adopt dual units 1975 Retail trade in fabrics and floor coverings, post office tariffs, medical practice 1976 Bulk sales of petroleum, agriculture and horticulture 1977 Livestock auctions 1978 Solid fuel retailing, cheese wholesaling, bread, London Commodity Market", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Body water", "paragraph_text": "Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "W. W. Norton & Company", "paragraph_text": "W.W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. It has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its ``Norton Anthologies ''(particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, the latter of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Petrol engine", "paragraph_text": "The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nikolaus August Otto, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir, Siegfried Marcus, Julius Hock and George Brayton. The first petrol combustion engine (one cylinder, 121.6 cm displacement) was prototyped in 1882 in Italy by Enrico Bernardi. British engineer Edward Butler constructed the first petrol (gasoline) internal combustion engine. Butler invented the spark plug, ignition magneto, coil ignition and spray jet carburetor, and was the first to use the word petrol.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Eunice Norton", "paragraph_text": "Norton was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She studied as a child at the University of Minnesota with William Lindsay, who later introduced her to Dame Myra Hess. Hess was so impressed with the 15-year-old Norton's playing that she arranged for Norton to study in England in 1923 with Hess's own mentor, the famed pedagogue Tobias Matthay, with whom Norton would remain in association for 8 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Upper Norton Lake", "paragraph_text": "Upper Norton Lake is an alpine lake in Blaine County, Idaho, United States, located in the Smoky Mountains in Sawtooth National Forest. It is most easily accessed from trail 135 from the end of forest road 170. The lake is located northeast of Prairie Creek Peak. It is also near Smoky Lake, Big Lost Lake, Little Lost Lake, and Lower Norton Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Asyut Petroleum SC", "paragraph_text": "Asyut Petroleum or Petrol Asyout is an Egyptian club from the city of Asyut, currently competing in the Egyptian Second Division.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 35928, "question": "Where is RAF Brize Norton located?", "answer": "the UK", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 48057, "question": "when did #1 start selling petrol in litres", "answer": "1976", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "35 and Ticking", "paragraph_text": "35 & Ticking (also known as Russ Parr's 35 & Ticking or 35 and Ticking) is an American romantic comedy film written and directed by Russ Parr.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Joanna Russ", "paragraph_text": "Joanna Russ was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Evarett I. and Bertha (née Zinner) Russ, both teachers. She began creating works of fiction at a very early age. Over the following years she filled countless notebooks with stories, poems, comics and illustrations, often hand-binding the material with thread.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bristol Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Bristol Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, is the Church of England cathedral in the city of Bristol, England. Founded in 1140 and consecrated in 1148, it was originally St Augustine's Abbey but after the Dissolution of the Monasteries it became in 1542 the seat of the newly created Bishop of Bristol and the cathedral of the new Diocese of Bristol. It is a Grade I listed building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods. The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the Red Abbey. There are two cathedrals in the city; St. Mary's Cathedral and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is the Catholic cathedral of the city and was begun in 1808. Its distinctive tower was added in the 1860s. St Fin Barre's Cathedral serves the Protestant faith and is possibly the more famous of the two. It is built on the foundations of an earlier cathedral. Work began in 1862 and ended in 1879 under the direction of architect William Burges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Winchester", "paragraph_text": "Winchester is a city and the county town of Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, and is located at the western end of the South Downs National Park, along the course of the River Itchen. It is situated 60 miles (97 km) south-west of London and 13.6 miles (21.9 km) from Southampton, its closest city. At the time of the 2011 Census, Winchester had a population of 45,184. The wider City of Winchester district which includes towns such as Alresford and Bishop's Waltham has a population of 116,800.Winchester developed from the Roman town of Venta Belgarum, which in turn developed from an Iron Age oppidum. Winchester's major landmark is Winchester Cathedral, one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the distinction of having the longest nave and overall length of all Gothic cathedrals in Europe. The city is home to the University of Winchester and Winchester College, the oldest public school in the United Kingdom still using its original buildings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Foligno Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Foligno Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic cathedral situated on the Piazza della Repubblica in the center of Foligno, Italy. The cathedral, built on the site of an earlier basilica, is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, the martyr Felician of Foligno (San Feliciano), who was buried here in 251 AD. It is the seat of the Bishop of Foligno.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gothenburg Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Gothenburg Cathedral () is a cathedral in Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden. It is the seat of the bishop of the diocese of Gothenburg in the Church of Sweden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Münster Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Münster Cathedral or St.-Paulus-Dom is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Münster in Germany, and is dedicated to St Paul. It is counted among the most significant church buildings in Münster and, along with the City Hall, is one of the symbols of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nativity Cathedral, Riga", "paragraph_text": "The Nativity of Christ Cathedral (, ), Riga, Latvia was built to a design by Nikolai Chagin and Robert Pflug in a Neo-Byzantine style between 1876 and 1883, with decorations made by the firm of August Volz, during the period when the country was part of the Russian Empire. It is the largest Orthodox cathedral in the Baltic provinces built with the blessing of the Russian Tsar Alexander II on the initiative of local governor-general Pyotr Bagration and bishop Veniamin Karelin. The Nativity of Christ Cathedral is renowned for its icons, some of which were painted by Vasili Vereshchagin. During the First World War German troops occupied Riga and turned its largest Russian Orthodox cathedral into a Lutheran church. In independent Latvia, the Nativity of Christ Cathedral once again became an Orthodox cathedral in 1921. Archbishop Jānis Pommers, a native Latvian, played a key part in the defence of the cathedral, including defence from the Latvian government which was extremely unfriendly to Orthodox Church in the first years of an independent Latvia. In the early 1960s, Soviet authorities closed down the cathedral and converted its building into a planetarium. The cathedral has been restored since Latvia regained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Tyre, Lebanon", "paragraph_text": "Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido (Elissa). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon. and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hukvaldy", "paragraph_text": "Hukvaldy () is a village in the Czech Republic, in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Population: 1,900. It lies 150m below the ruins of the third-largest castle in the Czech Republic, Hukvaldy Castle (Hrad Hukvaldy), and is the birthplace of the composer Leoš Janáček and palaeontologist Ferdinand Stoliczka.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester", "paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States. The geographic boundaries of the diocese are the same as those of Worcester County, Massachusetts, the geographically largest county of the state of Massachusetts. It is headed by a bishop who has his see at the Cathedral of Saint Paul in the city of Worcester.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Erfurt Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Erfurt Cathedral (, officially \"Hohe Domkirche St. Marien zu Erfurt\", English: Cathedral Church of St Mary at Erfurt), also known as St Mary's Cathedral, is the largest and oldest church building in the Thuringian city of Erfurt, central Germany. It is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt. The cathedral was mainly built in the International Gothic style and is located on a hillside overlooking the main town square (, Cathedral Square). Former German names include and .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Two of Them", "paragraph_text": "The Two of Them is a feminist science fiction novel by Joanna Russ. It was first published in 1978 in the United States by Berkley Books and in Great Britain by The Women's Press in 1986. It was last reissued in 2005 by the Wesleyan University Press with a foreword by Sarah LeFanu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help (Oklahoma City)", "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help is a Catholic cathedral in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Hidden Side of the Moon", "paragraph_text": "The Hidden Side of the Moon is a feminist science fiction collection of short stories by Joanna Russ, first published in 1987 by St. Martin's Press. The collection covers stories published from 1952 (\"Nor Custom Stale,\" Russ' first published story) to 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Murcia Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia (Spanish: Iglesia Catedral de Santa María en Murcia), commonly called the Cathedral of Murcia, is a Catholic church in the city of Murcia, Spain. It is the only cathedral in use in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cartagena in Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "List of European stock exchanges", "paragraph_text": "The London Stock Exchange is the only global stock exchange in Europe, it is located in the City of London in the United Kingdom. As of December 2014, the Exchange had a market capitalization of US $6.06 trillion (short scale), making it the third - largest stock exchange in the world by this measurement (the largest in Europe, ahead of Euronext). The Exchange was founded in 1801 and its current premises are situated in Paternoster Square close to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. The Exchange is part of the London Stock Exchange Group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)", "paragraph_text": "St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest decorated Neo-Gothic - style Catholic cathedral in North America. The cathedral, which can accommodate 3,000 people, is built of brick clad in marble, quarried in Massachusetts and New York. The main block of the cathedral is made of Tuckahoe marble. It takes up a whole city block, between 50th and 51st streets, Madison Avenue and Fifth Avenue. At the transepts, it is 174 feet (53.0 meters) wide and 332 feet (101.2 meters) long. The spires rise 330 feet (100.6 meters) from street level. The slate for the roof came from Monson, Maine.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Washington National Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington, commonly known as Washington National Cathedral, is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The structure is of Neo-Gothic design closely modeled on English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century. It is both the second - largest church building in the United States, and the fourth - tallest structure in Washington, D.C. The cathedral is the seat of both the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, Michael Bruce Curry, and the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington, Mariann Edgar Budde. Over 270,000 people visit the structure annually.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145358, "question": "Which city was the birthplace of Joanna Russ?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 47237, "question": "what is the largest cathedral in #1", "answer": "St. Patrick's Cathedral", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Duck Creek (Quad Cities)", "paragraph_text": "Duck Creek is a minor tributary of the Mississippi River in the United States. The creek runs through Scott County, Iowa, and the cities of Davenport, Bettendorf, and Riverdale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dan Johnson (baseball)", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Ryan \"Dan\" Johnson (born August 10, 1979) is an American professional baseball pitcher and designated hitter who is currently a free agent. He has played most of his ten seasons in Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball as a first baseman and pitcher, but has never held a Major League starting job for an entire season. He is perhaps best known for hitting a dramatic two-out, two-strike home run for the Tampa Bay Rays in the bottom of the ninth inning of the last game of the 2011 season, also known as Wild Card Wednesday. That home run tied the game, which the Rays eventually won, sending them to the playoffs. His clutch hitting for the Rays, along with his red hair and beard, earned him the nickname \"The Great Pumpkin\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wards River", "paragraph_text": "Wards River rises within Kyle Range of the Great Dividing Range, near Waukivory, south southeast of Gloucester, and flows generally west and south, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with Mammy Johnsons River at the locale of Johnsons Creek, north of Stroud. The river descends over its course.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Interstate 95 runs through the city along the Delaware River as a main north-south artery known as the Delaware Expressway. The city is also served by the Schuylkill Expressway, a portion of Interstate 76 that runs along the Schuylkill River. It meets the Pennsylvania Turnpike at King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, providing access to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and points west. Interstate 676, the Vine Street Expressway, was completed in 1991 after years of planning. A link between I-95 and I-76, it runs below street level through Center City, connecting to the Ben Franklin Bridge at its eastern end.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Baryulgil, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Baryulgil is a rural locality in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. The locality is on the Clarence River in the Clarence Valley Council local government area. It is the birthplace of Australian cricketer Jack Marsh and former boxer Tony Mundine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Pendleton, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Pendleton is an unincorporated community in Bell County, Texas, United States. Although it is unincorporated, Pendleton has a post office, with the ZIP code of 76564. The community was the birthplace of acclaimed blues musician Blind Willie Johnson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Lithia Springs Creek", "paragraph_text": "Lithia Springs Creek (also known as Johnsons Run or Lithia Spring Creek) is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Point Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of . It has a named tributary known as Johnson Creek. Waste of various types is discharged into Lithia Springs Creek from a variety of sources. At least one bridge more than long crosses the creek. The creek is considered to be a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. It is inhabited by wild trout and possibly a few other species of fish.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pader (river)", "paragraph_text": "The Pader is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, left tributary of the Lippe. It runs through the city of Paderborn, which it gave its name. Although fairly wide, it is only 4 km in length which makes it the shortest river this size of Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ray Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Born in Detroit, Michigan, on October 16, 1927, Ray Johnson grew up in a working-class neighborhood and attended Cass Technical High School where he was enrolled in the advertising art program. He took weekly classes at the Detroit Art Institute and spent a summer drawing at Ox-Bow School in Saugatuck, Michigan, affiliated with the Art Institute of Chicago.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Amsterdam RAI station", "paragraph_text": "Amsterdam RAI (Dutch: \"Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie\") is a railway station situated in southern Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is located between the two directions of the A10 Amsterdam ring road. It is also a metro station at which GVB runs two lines. RAI gets its name from the nearby Amsterdam RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Murr (river)", "paragraph_text": "The is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, right tributary of the Neckar. The river gave its name to a small town on its banks, Murr, and to the Rems-Murr-Kreis district, which was also named after the river Rems, which runs roughly parallel to the south of the Murr.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hjartdøla", "paragraph_text": "Hjartdøla is a river in Hjartdal municipality in Telemark, Norway. The river is formed at the convergence of Skjesvatnet, Breidvatnet and Bjordøla. From here, it runs through Hjartsjå and Hjartdal, before in Heddal it changes its name to the Heddøla, which runs into Heddalsvatnet. The whole watercourse is known as Skiensvassdraget.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kosciusko, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Kosciusko is a city in Attala County, Mississippi, United States, and is the birthplace of James Meredith and Oprah Winfrey. The population was 7,402 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Attala County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chautauqua County, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Chautauqua County (county code CQ) is a county located in Southeast Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 3,669. Its county seat and most populous city is Sedan. Chautauqua County is named for Chautauqua County, New York, the birthplace of Edward Jaquins, a Kansas politician who was instrumental in getting the county established.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gambia River", "paragraph_text": "The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra) is a major river in West Africa, running from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and the Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul. It is navigable for about half that length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as \"Central Sudan\". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "River Rouge, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "River Rouge is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan and an industrial Downriver suburb of Detroit. The population was 7,903 at the 2010 census. It is named after the River Rouge (from the French \"rouge\" meaning red), which flows along the city's northern border and into the Detroit River. The city includes the heavily industrialized Zug Island at the mouth of the River Rouge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Danny Clyburn", "paragraph_text": "Danny Clyburn Jr. (April 6, 1974 – February 7, 2012) was an outfielder for the Baltimore Orioles and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. He was traded from Baltimore to Tampa Bay prior to the season for pitcher Jason Johnson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ga'aton River", "paragraph_text": "The Ga'aton River (, Nehar HaGa'aton) is a small river in the Northern District of Israel. It passes through the town of Nahariya before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. The river runs through the main street of Nahariya, a city that takes its name from the river (\"nahar\" means river in Hebrew).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145403, "question": "Which city was the birthplace of Ray Johnson?", "answer": "Detroit", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 26004, "question": "What is the name of the river that runs through #1 ?", "answer": "Detroit River", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Western Allied invasion of Germany", "paragraph_text": "The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II. The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine River in March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to Austria in the south before the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945. This is known as the ``Central Europe Campaign ''in United States military histories.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Dunkirk", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War. The battle was fought between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Second Battle of Rivas", "paragraph_text": "The Second Battle of Rivas occurred on 11 April 1856 between Costa Rican militia under General Mora and the Nicaraguan forces of William Walker. The lesser known First Battle of Rivas took place on the 29 June 1855 between Walker's forces and the forces of the Chamorro government of Nicaragua.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Battles of Saratoga", "paragraph_text": "Burgoyne's strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems. He won a small tactical victory over General Horatio Gates and the Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm at the cost of significant casualties. His gains were erased when he again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis Heights and the Americans captured a portion of the British defenses. Burgoyne was therefore compelled to retreat, and his army was surrounded by the much larger American force at Saratoga, forcing him to surrender on October 17. News of Burgoyne's surrender was instrumental in formally bringing France into the war as an American ally, although it had previously given supplies, ammunition, and guns, notably the de Valliere cannon which played an important role in Saratoga. This battle also resulted in Spain joining France in the war against Britain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II", "paragraph_text": "The war against Germany involved aid to Britain, her allies, and the Soviet Union, with the U.S. supplying munitions until it could ready an invasion force. U.S. forces were first tested to a limited degree in the North African Campaign and then employed more significantly with British Forces in Italy in 1943 -- 45, where U.S. forces, representing about a third of the Allied forces deployed, bogged down after Italy surrendered and the Germans took over. Finally the main invasion of France took place in June 1944, under General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Meanwhile, the U.S. Army Air Forces and the British Royal Air Force engaged in the area bombardment of German cities and systematically targeted German transportation links and synthetic oil plants, as it knocked out what was left of the Luftwaffe post Battle of Britain in 1944. With the Soviets unstoppable in the east, and the Allies unstoppable in the west, Germany was squeezed to death. Berlin fell to the Soviets in May 1945, and with Adolf Hitler dead, the Germans surrendered.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "paragraph_text": "However Italy's conquests were always heavily contested, both by various insurgencies (most prominently the Greek resistance and Yugoslav partisans) and Allied military forces, which waged the Battle of the Mediterranean throughout and beyond Italy's participation. Ultimately the Italian empire collapsed after disastrous defeats in the Eastern European and North African campaigns. In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. Italy's military outside of the peninsula itself collapsed, its occupied and annexed territories falling under German control. Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chlumec (Ústí nad Labem District)", "paragraph_text": "After the great Battle of Dresden (26–27 August 1813), the Battle of Kulm took place here on 29–30 August, between the French Empire under Dominique Vandamme and an allied army of Austrians, Prussians, and Russians. The French were defeated and Vandamme surrendered with his army of 10,000 men. The heights above Kulm were the site of the Second Battle of Kulm, 17 September 1813.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "End of World War II in Europe", "paragraph_text": "The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Allies took place in late April and early May 1945.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "paragraph_text": "The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the eastern front with the Soviets and the western front with the Allies. The British wanted Berlin, but Eisenhower decided it would be a military mistake for him to attack Berlin, and said orders to that effect would have to be explicit. The British backed down, but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons. Washington refused to support Churchill's plan to use Eisenhower's army for political maneuvers against Moscow. The actual division of Germany followed the lines that Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin had previously agreed upon. The Soviet Red Army captured Berlin in a very large-scale bloody battle, and the Germans finally surrendered on May 7, 1945.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as \"V-J Day\" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship USS Missouri, in Tokyo Bay. The surrender was accepted by General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, with representatives of several Allied nations, from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijiro Umezu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their use of kamikaze tactics in an attempt to create unacceptably high casualties for the Allies. The U.S. Navy proposed to force a Japanese surrender through a total naval blockade and air raids.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Battle of Luzon", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Luzon (Filipino: \"Labanan sa Luzon\"), fought 9 January – 15 August 1945, was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory. The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan. While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 205,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease), 10,000 American combatants killed, and between 120,000 and 140,000 Filipino civilians and combatants killed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Armistice of Cassibile", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "World War II", "paragraph_text": "The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops, the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945. Thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "Ski troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where Hitler had hoped to retreat as the war drew to a close. The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area, where American troops found 75 kilos of gold coins stored in a single mine, were used to store looted art, jewels, and currency; vast quantities of looted art were found and returned to the owners.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "End of World War II in Europe", "paragraph_text": "The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Soviet Union and the Western Allies took place in late April and early May 1945.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by the Axis allied Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the Allies, accompanied by the Soviet declaration of war and invasion of Manchuria on 9 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal surrender of Japan ceremony took place aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945. Japan's Shinto Emperor was forced to relinquish much of his authority and his divine status through the Shinto Directive in order to pave the way for extensive cultural and political reforms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Peter Riva", "paragraph_text": "John Peter Riva was born on May 11, 1950, in Manhattan to William Riva, a Broadway and TV set designer, and Maria Riva, the only child of Marlene Dietrich, who was an early TV star (for William S. Paley, CBS) and Broadway actress. His older brother J. Michael Riva, a production designer, died in 2012 and has two younger brothers, John Paul and John David.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Conclusion of the American Civil War", "paragraph_text": "The Army of Northern Virginia surrendered on April 9 around noon followed by General St. John Richardson Liddell's troops some six hours later. Mosby's Raiders disbanded on April 21, General Joseph E. Johnston and his various armies surrendered on April 26, the Confederate departments of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana surrendered on May 4, and the Confederate District of the Gulf, commanded by Major General Dabney Herndon Maury, surrendered on May 5. Confederate President Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10, along with the Confederate Departments of Florida and South Georgia, commanded by Confederate Major General Samuel Jones. Also on May 10, U.S. President Andrew Johnson declared the rebellion's armed resistance virtually ended. Thompson's Brigade surrendered on May 11, Confederate forces of North Georgia surrendered on May 12, and Kirby Smith surrendered on May 26 (officially signed June 2). The last battle of the American Civil War was the Battle of Palmito Ranch in Texas on May 12 and 13. The last significant Confederate active force to surrender was the Confederate allied Cherokee Brigadier General Stand Watie and his Indian soldiers on June 23. The last Confederate surrender occurred on November 6, 1865, when the Confederate warship CSS Shenandoah surrendered at Liverpool, England. President Johnson formally declared the end of the war on August 20, 1866.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dudley Clarke", "paragraph_text": "Brigadier Dudley Wrangel Clarke ( – ) was an officer in the British Army, known as a pioneer of military deception operations during the Second World War. His ideas for combining fictional orders of battle, visual deception and double agents helped define Allied deception strategy during the war, for which he has been referred to as \"the greatest British deceiver of WW2\". Clarke was also instrumental in the founding of three famous military units, namely the British Commandos, the Special Air Service and the US Rangers.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 9497, "question": "Where was the battle at Riva Ridge?", "answer": "Italy", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 75635, "question": "when did #1 surrender to the allies in ww2", "answer": "3 September 1943", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "National Football League Draft", "paragraph_text": "In the league's early years the draft was held in various cities with NFL franchises until the league settled on New York City starting in 1965, where it remained until 2015. The 2015 and 2016 NFL drafts were held in Chicago, while the 2017 version was held in Philadelphia. In recent years, the NFL draft has occurred in late April or early May.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Talvin Singh", "paragraph_text": "Talvin Singh, OBE (born 1970 in London, England), is a producer and composer and tabla player, known for creating an innovative fusion of Indian classical music and drum and bass. Singh is generally considered involved with an electronica subgenre called Asian Underground, and more recently as Indian and/or Asian electronica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "In 1964 Israel hosted and won the Asian Nations Cup; in 1970 the Israel national football team managed to qualify to the FIFA World Cup, which is still considered[by whom?] the biggest achievement of Israeli football.[citation needed] The 1974 Asian Games held in Tehran, were the last Asian Games in which Israel participated, and was plagued by the Arab countries which refused to compete with Israel, and Israel since ceased competing in Asian competitions. Israel was excluded from the 1978 Asian Games due to security and expense involved if they were to participate. In 1994, UEFA agreed to admit Israel and all Israeli sporting organizations now compete in Europe.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Greene, Iowa", "paragraph_text": "Greene is a city in Butler County, Iowa, along the Shell Rock River, and along Butler County's northern border, where Butler and Floyd counties meet. The population was 1,130 at the 2010 census. Greene is the headquarters of the Iowa Northern Railway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Yousuf Khan (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Yousuf Khan (5 August 1937 – 1 July 2006) was an Indian footballer who represented India national team at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was one of only two Indians to have been included in the 1965 Asian All Stars XI. He was also a part of the team that won gold at the 1962 Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Golf at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's team", "paragraph_text": "The women's team competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan was held from 3 October to 6 October at the Asiad Country Club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Rugby sevens at the 1998 Asian Games – Men", "paragraph_text": "The 1998 Men's Asian Games Rugby sevens Tournament was held in Thai Army Sports Stadium from December 7, 1998 to December 8, 1998.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Diamond cutting", "paragraph_text": "Diamond cutting, as well as overall processing, is concentrated in a few cities around the world. The main diamond trading centers are Antwerp, Tel Aviv, and Dubai from where roughs are sent to the main processing centers of India and China. Diamonds are cut and polished in Surat, India and the Chinese cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. India in recent years has held between 19 -- 31% of the world market in polished diamonds and China has held 17% of the world market share in a recent year. Another important diamond center is New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Amrapali Express", "paragraph_text": "The 15707/15708 Amrapali Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways that runs between Katihar Railway Junction and Amritsar in India. It operates as train number 15707 in Up direction from Katihar Junction of North east Frontier railway to Amritsar of Northern Railway and as train number 15708 in the reverse direction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "1975 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games", "paragraph_text": "The 1975 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 8th Southeast Asian Peninsular Games was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Bangkok, Thailand from 9 to 16 December 1975. This was the third time Thailand hosted the games, and its first time since 1967. Previously, Thailand also hosted the 1959 inaugural games. South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, which only sent token squads made up of military personnel to previous games, declined to participate due to internal political problems. The games is the last games to bear the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games name, before it was renamed the Southeast Asian Games in the next edition of the games. The games was opened and closed by Bhumibol Adulyadej, the King of Thailand at the Suphalachasai Stadium. The final medal tally was led by Thailand, followed by host Singapore, Burma and Malaysia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Parduman Singh Brar", "paragraph_text": "Parduman Singh Brar (15 October 1927 – 22 March 2007) was an Indian athlete who specialized in shot put and discus throw events. He was one of the few Indians to have won multiple medals at the Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Delhi Bareilly Express", "paragraph_text": "The 14556 / 55 Bareilly Delhi Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways - Northern Railway zone that runs between Delhi & Bareilly in India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2010 Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games, were held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events, making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date. It was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and India, eclipsing the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982. The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. It was also the first time a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games, second in a country not presently headed by British monarch since Malaysia in 1998. The official mascot of the Games was Shera and the official song of the Games, ``Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto '', was composed by celebrated Indian musician A.R. Rahman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kamaljeet Sandhu", "paragraph_text": "Kamaljeet Sandhu is a former woman Indian athlete who won gold medal at 1970 Bangkok Asian Games in 400 m race. She ran the distance in 57.3 seconds. She was the first Indian woman athlete to win gold medal at any Asian games. She hails from Punjab state in India. She received Padma Shri award in 1971. In 1971, she was one of the finalists in the World University Games held at Turin, Italy, in 400 metres race. She participated in the Women's 400 metres at the 1972 Munich Olympics, bowing out in the heats. Kamaljeet retired from athletics in 1973. She was also a national - level basketball and inter-varsity hockey player. She went to the 1982 Asian Games as the coach of the Indian women's sprint team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2018 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Asian Games (Indonesian: Pesta Olahraga Musim Panas Asia 2018), the 18th Asian Games and commonly known as Jakarta Palembang 2018, is a pan-Asian multi-sport event scheduled to be held from 18 August to 2 September 2018 in Indonesia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla. The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under construction. It carries millions of passengers every day. In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Kathmandu", "paragraph_text": "Football and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in Nepal and there are several stadiums in the city. The sport is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) from its headquarters in Kathmandu. The only international football stadium in the city is the Dasarath Rangasala Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium used mostly for football matches and cultural events, located in the neighborhood of Tripureshwor. It is the largest stadium in Nepal with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, built in 1956. Martyr's Memorial League is also held in this ground every year. The stadium was renovated with Chinese help before the 8th South Asian Games were held in Kathmandu and had floodlights installed. Kathmandu is home to the oldest football clubs of Nepal such as RCT, Sankata and NRT. Other prominent clubs include MMC, Machhindra FC, Tribhuwan Army Club (TAC) and MPC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Harwant Kaur", "paragraph_text": "Harwant Kaur (born 5 July 1980) is an Indian discus thrower and shot putter. She won the silver medal at the 2002 Asian Championships, finished fourth at the 2003 Asian Championships and seventh at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. In addition she competed at the 2004 Olympic Games and was ranked 13th in the qualifying rounds. Her personal coach is Parveer Singh. At 2010 Commonwealth Games, she won the silver medal in the Discus throw event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "T. C. Yohannan", "paragraph_text": "Thadathuvila Chandapillai Yohannan (born 19 May 1947), better known as T. C. Yohannan, is a former Indian long jumper who held the national record in long jump for nearly 3 decades and represented India in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He hails from the state of Kerala. Yohannan will be known for the new dimension he gave to long jump in India in 1974, the occasion was the Tehran Asian Games of 1974. Yohannan cleared a distance of 8.07 metres at the Teheran Asian Games for a new Asian record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption in 2010 Commonwealth Games .", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 11167, "question": "What Indian city is the headquarters of the Northern Railway?", "answer": "New Delhi", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 11227, "question": "The Asian Games were most recently held in #1 in what year?", "answer": "1982", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "In 1886, Frank Julian Sprague invented the first practical DC motor, a non-sparking motor that maintained relatively constant speed under variable loads. Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution (prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison), allowed power from electric motors to be returned to the electric grid, provided for electric distribution to trolleys via overhead wires and the trolley pole, and provided controls systems for electric operations. This allowed Sprague to use electric motors to invent the first electric trolley system in 1887–88 in Richmond VA, the electric elevator and control system in 1892, and the electric subway with independently powered centrally controlled cars, which were first installed in 1892 in Chicago by the South Side Elevated Railway where it became popularly known as the \"L\". Sprague's motor and related inventions led to an explosion of interest and use in electric motors for industry, while almost simultaneously another great inventor was developing its primary competitor, which would become much more widespread. The development of electric motors of acceptable efficiency was delayed for several decades by failure to recognize the extreme importance of a relatively small air gap between rotor and stator. Efficient designs have a comparatively small air gap. [a] The St. Louis motor, long used in classrooms to illustrate motor principles, is extremely inefficient for the same reason, as well as appearing nothing like a modern motor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dishwasher", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, William Howard Livens invented a small, non-electric dishwasher suitable for domestic use in 1924. It was the first dishwasher that incorporated most of the design elements that are featured in the models of today; it included a front door for loading, a wire rack to hold the dirty crockery and a rotating sprayer. Drying elements were even added to his design in 1940. It was the first machine suitable for domestic use, and it came at a time when permanent plumbing and running water in the house was becoming increasingly common.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Zamboni pile", "paragraph_text": "The Zamboni pile (also referred to as a \"Duluc Dry Pile\") is an early electric battery, invented by Giuseppe Zamboni in 1812.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Washing machine", "paragraph_text": "Electric washing machines were advertised and discussed in newspapers as early as 1904. Alva J. Fisher has been incorrectly credited with the invention of the electric washer. The US Patent Office shows at least one patent issued before Fisher's US patent number 966677 (e.g. Woodrow's US patent number 921195). The ``inventor ''of the electric washing machine remains unknown.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Fan (machine)", "paragraph_text": "Between 1882 and 1886 Schuyler Wheeler invented a fan powered by electricity. It was commercially marketed by the American firm Crocker & Curtis electric motor company. In 1882, Philip Diehl developed the world's first electric ceiling fan. During this intense period of innovation, fans powered by alcohol, oil, or kerosene were common around the turn of the 20th century. In 1909, KDK of Japan pioneered the invention of mass - produced electric fans for home use. In the 1920s, industrial advances allowed steel fans to be mass - produced in different shapes, bringing fan prices down and allowing more homeowners to afford them. In the 1930s, the first art deco fan (the ``swan fan '') was designed. By the 1940s, Crompton Greaves of India became the world's largest manufacturer of electric ceiling fans mainly for sale in India, Asia and the Middle East. By the 1950s, table and stand fans were manufactured in colors that were bright and eye catching.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Washing machine", "paragraph_text": "Bendix Home Appliances, a subsidiary of Avco, an otherwise unrelated company, who licensed the name from Bendix Corporation, introduced the first domestic automatic washing machine in 1937, having applied for a patent in the same year. In appearance and mechanical detail, this first machine was not unlike the front loading automatic washers produced today. Although it included many of the today's basic features, the machine lacked any drum suspension and therefore had to be anchored to the floor to prevent ``walking ''. Because of the components required, the machine was also very expensive. For instance, the Bendix Home Laundry Service Manual (published November 1, 1946) shows that the drum speed change was facilitated by a 2 - speed gearbox built to a heavy duty standard (not unlike a car automatic gearbox, albeit at a smaller size). The timer was also probably fairly costly, because miniature electric motors were expensive to produce.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Bayer process", "paragraph_text": "The Bayer process was invented in 1888 by Carl Josef Bayer. Working in Saint Petersburg, Russia to develop a method for supplying alumina to the textile industry (it was used as a mordant in dyeing cotton), Bayer discovered in 1887 that the aluminium hydroxide that precipitated from alkaline solution was crystalline and could be easily filtered and washed, while that precipitated from acid medium by neutralization was gelatinous and difficult to wash. The industrial success of this process caused it to replace the Le Chatelier process which was used to produce alumina from bauxite.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Atwood machine", "paragraph_text": "The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Singer Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Singer consolidated enough patents in the field to enable him to engage in mass production, and by 1860, his company was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. In 1885, Singer produced its first ``vibrating shuttle ''sewing machine, an improvement over contemporary transverse shuttle designs; (see bobbin drivers). Singer began to market its machines internationally in 1855 and won first prize at the Paris World's Fair. The company demonstrated the first workable electric sewing machine at the Philadelphia electric exhibition in 1889 and began mass - producing domestic electric machines in 1910. Singer was also a marketing innovator and was a pioneer in promoting the use of installment payment plans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Clarence Dennis", "paragraph_text": "Clarence Dennis, M. D., Ph.D., (June 16, 1909 – July 11, 2005) was an American cardiothoracic surgeon best known for his work in pioneering cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). He had invented one of the first heart-lung bypass machines, and in 1951 he became the first to use such a device during an open-heart operation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Refrigerator", "paragraph_text": "The first cooling systems for food involved using ice. Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s, and developed in the early 1800s. In 1834, the first working vapor - compression refrigeration system was built. The first commercial ice - making machine was invented in 1854. In 1913, refrigerators for home use were invented. In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self - contained unit. The introduction of Freon in the 1920s expanded the refrigerator market during the 1930s. Home freezers as separate compartments (larger than necessary just for ice cubes) were introduced in 1940. Frozen foods, previously a luxury item, became commonplace.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had \"the germ of a great invention\". When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, \"Get it!\" That declaration greatly encouraged Bell to keep trying, even though he did not have the equipment needed to continue his experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Wilhelm Emil Fein", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Emil Fein (born 16 January 1842 in Ludwigsburg; died 6 October 1898 in Stuttgart) was a German inventor. He invented the worldwide first portable electric drill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "John Vincent Atanasoff", "paragraph_text": "Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special - purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff -- Berry Computer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Yablochkov candle", "paragraph_text": "A Yablochkov candle (sometimes electric candle) is a type of electric carbon arc lamp, invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Army Inventions Board", "paragraph_text": "The Australian Army Inventions Board, otherwise known as the Army Inventions Directorate, was a government body of the Commonwealth of Australia, set up in 1942 to handle the thousands of inventions submitted by the public. These inventions numbered some 27,000; a mere 127 of which were eventually accepted by the Army as being of notable value or suitable for military purposes. The best known invention accepted by the Army Inventions Board was the Australian-designed Owen Gun, a machine carbine which took a few years to get off the ground.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sewing machine", "paragraph_text": "A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies. Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Yellowstone Caldera", "paragraph_text": "The loosely defined term ``supervolcano ''has been used to describe volcanic fields that produce exceptionally large volcanic eruptions. Thus defined, the Yellowstone Supervolcano is the volcanic field which produced the latest three supereruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot; it also produced one additional smaller eruption, thereby creating West Thumb Lake 174,000 years ago. The three supereruptions occurred 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and approximately 630,000 years ago, forming the Island Park Caldera, the Henry's Fork Caldera, and Yellowstone calderas, respectively. The Island Park Caldera supereruption (2.1 million years ago), which produced the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, was the largest, and produced 2,500 times as much ash as the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption. The next biggest supereruption formed the Yellowstone Caldera (~ 630,000 years ago) and produced the Lava Creek Tuff. The Henry's Fork Caldera (1.2 million years ago) produced the smaller Mesa Falls Tuff, but is the only caldera from the Snake River Plain - Yellowstone hotspot that is plainly visible today.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 65149, "question": "where was the first electric washing machine invented", "answer": "The US", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 68376, "question": "what is the biggest volcano in the #1", "answer": "The Island Park Caldera", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "Island Park Caldera" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Prescott Metcalf", "paragraph_text": "Prescott Metcalf (January 25, 1813 – October 14, 1891) was a prominent businessman and the 8th mayor of Erie, Pennsylvania. He was one of the first Republican mayors of Erie, Pennsylvania, a post he held from 1862 to 1864.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Eugene P. Ruehlmann", "paragraph_text": "Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Ruehlmann served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. Ruehlmann then received his bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati and his law degree from Harvard Law School. He then practiced law. In 1959, Ruehlmann was elected to the Cincinnati City Council and then served as Mayor of Cincinnati from 1967 to 1971. During his tenure as mayor he oversaw the building of Riverfront Stadium and helped bring the Cincinnati Bengals to the city. He also made significant efforts to reach out to African American communities in the wake of race riots in 1967. He was a member of the Republican Party. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Bronx", "paragraph_text": "The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican). The Bronx was thus the only borough not carried by the successful Republican re-election campaigns of Mayors Rudolph Giuliani in 1997 and Michael Bloomberg in 2005. The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Dorilus Morrison", "paragraph_text": "Dorilus Morrison (December 27, 1814 – June 26, 1897) was a banker, businessman, and Republican politician who lived in the US state of Minnesota. He was the first and third mayor of Minneapolis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Kurnell Story", "paragraph_text": "The Kurnell Story is a 1957 industrial film directed by Ken G. Hall about the construction of the Kurnell Oil Refinery in Sydney. It was Hall's last movie.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Blues Brothers (film)", "paragraph_text": "Much of the film was shot on location in and around Chicago between July and October 1979, including Wauconda, Illinois, where the car crashes into the side of Route 12. Made with the cooperation of Mayor Jane M. Byrne, it is credited for putting Chicago on the map as a venue for filmmaking. Nearly 200 movies have been filmed in Chicago. ``Chicago is one of the stars of the movie. We wrote it as a tribute, ''Dan Aykroyd told the Chicago Sun - Times in an article written to mark the film's 25th - anniversary DVD release.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lunch Wagon", "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Ernest Pintoff and written by Marshall Harvey and Terrie Frankel and Leon Phillips. Mayor Bradley declared \"Lunch Wagon Day\" for the opening, and there was a parade of over 80 Lunch Wagons down Hollywood Boulevard. The film was very popular with teens and was the largest grossing independent movie of 1981.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Antoine Rufenacht", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Rufenacht (born 11 May 1939 in Le Havre) is a French right-wing (The Republicans) politician and former mayor of Le Havre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Lightning Warrior", "paragraph_text": "The Lightning Warrior is a 1931 American Pre-Code Mascot movie serial starring Rin Tin Tin in his last role. It is regarded as one of the better Mascot serials. A number of the production's outdoor action sequences were filmed on the rocky Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, known for its huge sandstone boulders and widely recognized as the most heavily filmed outdoor shooting location in the history of the movies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "John Shostak", "paragraph_text": "John Shostak (d. January 27, 1971) was a Republican member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk, Connecticut for four terms, and the mayor of Norwalk from 1959 to 1961.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "William Hale Thompson", "paragraph_text": "William Hale Thompson (May 14, 1869 -- March 19, 1944) was an American politician, mayor of Chicago for three terms, from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931. Known as ``Big Bill ''Thompson, he is the last Republican to have served as mayor of Chicago to date. Historians rank Thompson among the most unethical mayors in American history, mainly for his open alliance with Al Capone. However, others recognize the effectiveness of his political methods and publicity - oriented campaigning, acknowledging him as a`` Political Chameleon'' and an effective political machine. TIME magazine said in 1931, ``chief credit for creating 20th Century Politics Chicago Style ''should go to William Thompson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Supreme Court of Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Name Party Joined Term Ends District Law school attended Anne M. Burke Democratic 2006 2018 1st Chicago - Kent College of Law Mary Jane Theis Democratic 2022 1st University of San Francisco P. Scott Neville Jr. Democratic 2018 2020 1st Washington University School of Law Robert R. Thomas Republican 2000 2020 2nd Loyola University Chicago School of Law Thomas L. Kilbride Democratic 2000 2020 3rd Antioch School of Law Rita B. Garman Republican 2022 4th University of Iowa College of Law Lloyd A. Karmeier (Chief Justice) Republican 2024 5th University of Illinois College of Law", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Françoise de Panafieu", "paragraph_text": "Françoise de Panafieu (born 12 December 1948) is a French politician, member of The Republicans (LR) party and mayor of the 17th arrondissement of Paris between 2001 and 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Finger Prints (serial)", "paragraph_text": "Finger Prints is a 1931 American Pre-Code Universal movie serial. It is considered to be a lost film. (This was the last Universal serial with only ten chapters.)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The In-Laws (2003 film)", "paragraph_text": "The In - Laws is a 2003 American comedy film starring Michael Douglas, Albert Brooks, Candice Bergen, Robin Tunney, Maria Ricossa, Lindsay Sloane and Ryan Reynolds. The film is a remake of the original 1979 cult classic of the same name. Scenes for the 2003 film were shot on location in Chicago. The film was a box office failure and received negative reviews.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Raeanne Presley", "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit, but can resume after a four-year break. The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 71780, "question": "where was the movie the in laws filmed", "answer": "Chicago", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 72045, "question": "who was the last republican mayor in #1", "answer": "William Hale Thompson", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Piazza di Spagna", "paragraph_text": "Piazza di Spagna, at the bottom of the Spanish Steps, is one of the most famous squares in Rome (Italy). It owes its name to the Palazzo di Spagna, seat of the Embassy of Spain among the Holy See. Nearby is the famed Column of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sicario: Day of the Soldado", "paragraph_text": "Sicario: Day of the Soldado Theatrical release poster Directed by Stefano Sollima Produced by Basil Iwanyk Edward L. McDonnell Molly Smith Thad Luckinbill Trent Luckinbill Written by Taylor Sheridan Starring Benicio del Toro Josh Brolin Isabela Moner Jeffrey Donovan Manuel Garcia - Rulfo Catherine Keener Music by Hildur Guðnadóttir Cinematography Dariusz Wolski Edited by Matthew Newman Production company Black Label Media Thunder Road Pictures Distributed by Columbia Pictures (United States / Canada) Lionsgate (International) Release date June 11, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 11) (Antara Polanco) June 29, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 29) (United States) Running time 122 minutes Country United States Language English Spanish Mexian Sign Language Budget $35 - 45 million Box office $59 million", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Los Trotamúsicos", "paragraph_text": "Los Trotamúsicos (also known as \"The Four Musicians of Bremen\" and \"Die Abenteuer der Bremer Stadtmusikanten\" in Germany) was a Spanish animated series produced by Estudios Cruz Delgado for Televisión Española and first broadcast in 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Isabella and the Pot of Basil", "paragraph_text": "Isabella and the Pot of Basil is a painting completed in 1868 by William Holman Hunt depicting a scene from John Keats's poem \"Isabella, or the Pot of Basil\". It depicts the heroine Isabella caressing the basil pot in which she had buried the severed head of her murdered lover Lorenzo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Sorbo San Basile", "paragraph_text": "Sorbo San Basile (Calabrian: ) is a village and \"comune\" in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of southern Italy. The word \"sorbo\" in Italian means \"the service tree or the sorb-apple tree\" of which there are many orchards in the vicinity. The words \"San Basile\" refer to the Greek Saint Basil the Great because Basilian monks established a monastery in the area as early as 640. Some time after the canonization of Francis Xavier in 1622, that Spanish saint became the patron of the village. The population in 1861 was 1228 people, in 1901 held steady at 1224 people, in 1951 reached a high of 2118 people, but in 2001 sank to a low of 932 people (information from the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Great and the Little Love", "paragraph_text": "The Great and the Little Love (German: Die große und die kleine Liebe) is a 1938 German comedy film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Jenny Jugo, Gustav Fröhlich, Rudi Godden. Jugo plays a stewardess working for Lufthansa. It was filmed partly on location in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Francesco de Sanctis (architect)", "paragraph_text": "Francesco De Sanctis (1679, Rome – 1731) was a late Baroque Italian architect, most notable for his design of the Spanish Steps in Rome in collaboration with Alessandro Specchi. These were built between 1723 and 1726 to celebrate the peace treaty between France and Spain, linking the top of the hill (under French influence, with the church of Trinità dei Monti and French monastic institutions) to the Spanish embassy to the Holy See at the bottom of the hill. The design left out some of the richer elements of De Sanctis's original design, such as grand fountains at a break in the steps and two rows of trees down either side to give shade and refreshment to those climbing the steps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Spanish Steps", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish Steps (Italian: Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti) are a set of steps in Rome, Italy, climbing a steep slope between the Piazza di Spagna at the base and Piazza Trinità dei Monti, dominated by the Trinità dei Monti church at the top.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Fallin' in Love (Sylvia song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Fallin' in Love\" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and Brent Maher, and recorded by American country music artist Sylvia. It was released in January 1985 as the first single from her album \"One Step Closer\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in May 1985 and #1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Napoleon", "paragraph_text": "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die)", "paragraph_text": "``Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die) ''is a song written by Kerry Kurt Phillips, Howard Perdew and Rick Blaylock, and recorded by American country music singer Joe Diffie. It was released in July 1993 as the second single from his CD Honky Tonk Attitude. It peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bend It Until It Breaks", "paragraph_text": "\"Bend It Until It Breaks\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist John Anderson. It was released in November 1994 as the second single from his album \"Country 'til I Die\". The song reached number 3 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and number 28 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. Anderson wrote the song with Lionel Delmore. It is the final Top 10 hit for Anderson to date.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die)", "paragraph_text": "\"Prop Me Up Beside the Jukebox (If I Die)\" is a song written by Kerry Kurt Phillips, Howard Perdew and Rick Blaylock, and recorded by American country music singer Joe Diffie. It was released in July 1993 as the second single from his CD \"Honky Tonk Attitude\". It peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Norman conquest of southern Italy", "paragraph_text": "On 9 May 1009, an insurrection erupted in Bari against the Catapanate of Italy, the regional Byzantine authority based there. Led by Melus, a local Lombard, the revolt quickly spread to other cities. Late that year (or early in 1010) the katepano, John Curcuas, was killed in battle. In March 1010 his successor, Basil Mesardonites, disembarked with reinforcements and besieged the rebels in the city. The Byzantine citizens negotiated with Basil and forced the Lombard leaders, Melus and his brother-in-law Dattus, to flee. Basil entered the city on 11 June 1011, reestablishing Byzantine authority. He did not follow his victory with severe sanctions, only sending Melus' family (including his son, Argyrus) to Constantinople. Basil died in 1016, after years of peace in southern Italy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Goose Steps Out", "paragraph_text": "Will Hay shared directorial credit with Basil Dearden following on from their previous collaboration, The Black Sheep of Whitehall. Art Director, Michael Relph described Dearden and Hay's input as directors 'Basil was very expert at directing comedy, and that is what he contributed when working with Will Hay. Hay was important as a star, and he could more or less dictate what he wanted to direct, but really he did not direct. Basil directed and supplied all the expertise that Hay probably lacked.' Barry Morse who played Kurt had a slightly different take on the directorial responsibilities. 'Basil Dearden was largely concerned with purely technical things, angles, lenses, lighting details. He didn't have a very active part, it seemed to me, in the actual performance directing. That was something which Will Hay had a certain amount to do with.'\"The Goose Steps Out\" is also noted as the film debut of a young Peter Ustinov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España (esˈpaɲa) (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagoes, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities, Ceuta and Melilla, in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Pobeda Solar Park", "paragraph_text": "This projects was funded through the E.U and is one more step that Bulgaria is making to modernize and join their fellow E.U. countries with efforts to expand clean energy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Isthmus of Panama", "paragraph_text": "The Isthmus of Panama (Spanish: Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (Spanish: Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country of Panama and the Panama Canal. Like many isthmuses, it is a location of great strategic value.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tebicuary River", "paragraph_text": "The Tebicuary River (Spanish: Río Tebicuary), a tributary of Paraguay River is a river in Paraguay. Located in the southwestern part of that country, it flows eastwards discharging to Paraguay River about 45 km south of Formosa and 30 km north of Pilar.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159161, "question": "What country did Basil die?", "answer": "Italy", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 92582, "question": "where are the spanish steps located in #1", "answer": "Rome", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show", "paragraph_text": "The Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show is an annual agricultural fair that takes place in the town of Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. This festivities begin on the Tuesday before Thanksgiving and ends on the Canadian Thanksgiving Monday. The official organizers for this annual event are the \"Norfolk County Agricultural Society\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Fidelia Njeze", "paragraph_text": "Fidelia Akuabata Njeze (born 8 June 1964) is the current Nigerian Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Njeze was previously appointed Nigerian minister of Aviation on 6 April 2010, when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced his new cabinet. Before that appointment, she served as Minister of State for Agriculture and Water Resources and also Minister of State for Defence in the cabinet of late President Umaru Yar'Adua.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ilmari Auer", "paragraph_text": "Auer was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919–1922 and 1924–1927 representing the National Progressive Party. He was again in the Parliament from 1929–1930, this time representing the Agrarian Party. On all three occasions, Auer was elected from the constituency of Uusimaa Province. He was 2nd Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet of Lauri Ingman in 1924 and became Minister of Agriculture after the Agrarian Party withdrew from the cabinet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United States Secretary of Agriculture", "paragraph_text": "The United States Secretary of Agriculture is the head of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The current Secretary of Agriculture is former Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue. Perdue took office on April 25, 2017 after being confirmed by the U.S Senate 87 - 11. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Senzeni Zokwana", "paragraph_text": "Senzeni Zokwana is a South African politician. He is a Member of Parliament and currently serving as the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, having been appointed by President Jacob Zuma in May 2014. He previously served as the President of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca", "paragraph_text": "François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca (27 June 1796 – 24 May 1881) was a French aristocrat, lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Minister of Finance and then", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ministry of Agriculture (Zambia)", "paragraph_text": "Minister Party Term start Term end Member for Agriculture and Natural Resources Geoffrey Beckett 1953 William Harris Wroth Federal Party 1954 1957 Harold Watmore Federal Party 1957 1958 Ebden Carlisle United Federal Party 1958 Minister of African Agriculture Edson Mwamba 1959 1962 Simon Kapwepwe United National Independence Party 1962 1964 Minister of Agriculture Elijah Mudenda United National Independence Party 1964 Minister of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Guy Scott Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1991 Suresh Desai Movement for Multi-Party Democracy Edith Nawakwi Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1998 Amusaa Mwanamwambwa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1998 1998 Mundia Sikatana Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2002 2006 Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives Peter Daka Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2009 Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Emmanuel Chenda Patriotic Front 2011 2013 Bob Sichinga Patriotic Front 2013 2014 Wylbur Simuusa Patriotic Front 2014 Given Lubinda Patriotic Front 2015 2015 Minister of Agriculture Dora Siliya Patriotic Front 2016 2018 Micheal Zondani Katambo Patriotic Front 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Minister responsible for Official Languages (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Minister responsible for Official Languages is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is entrusted with the enforcement of the Official Languages Act, ensuring that government services are available in both English and French, protecting minority language rights, particularly in the area of education, and promoting bilingualism throughout Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Group Areas Act", "paragraph_text": "Group Areas Act, 1950 Act to provide for the establishment of group areas, for the control of the acquisition of immovable property and the occupation of land and premises, and for matters incidental thereto. Citation Act No. 41 of 1950 Enacted by Parliament of South Africa Date passed 7 July 1950 Date of Royal Assent 24 June 1950 Date commenced 30 March 1951 (Cape, Transvaal, Natal) 31 October 1952 (O.F.S.) Date repealed 1 November 1957 Administered by Minister of the Interior Repealing legislation Group Areas Act, 1957 Status: Repealed", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mark Clinton", "paragraph_text": "In 1973 he joined the Irish Government of Liam Cosgrave as Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries in the National Coalition. Clinton is best remembered as the Agriculture Minister who negotiated Ireland's entry into the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, a development which brought billions of pounds to Irish farming and agri business. He served in government until 1977 and retired from the Dáil in 1981. Clinton also served in the European Parliament for the Leinster constituency from 1979 to 1989 and his political experience was recognised by his election as vice-president of that assembly.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "paragraph_text": "Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Legislative power is vested in both the Council of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Members of the Parliamentary Assembly are chosen according to a proportional representation system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Secondary forest", "paragraph_text": "Secondary forestation is common in areas where forests have been lost by the slash-and-burn method, a component of some shifting cultivation systems of agriculture. Secondary forests may also arise from forest that has been harvested heavily or over a long period of time, forest that is naturally regenerating from fire and from abandoned pastures or areas of agriculture. It takes a secondary forest typically forty to 100 years to begin to resemble the original old-growth forest; however, in some cases a secondary forest will not succeed, due to erosion or soil nutrient loss in certain tropical forests.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Group Areas Act", "paragraph_text": "Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. An effect of the law was to exclude non-Whites from living in the most developed areas, which were restricted to Whites (e.g., Sea Point, Lansdowne, Cape Town, Claremont, Cape Town). It caused many non-Whites to have to commute large distances from their homes in order to be able to work. The law led to non-Whites being forcibly removed for living in the ``wrong ''areas. The non-white majority were given much smaller areas (e.g., Tongaat, Grassy Park) to live in than the white minority who owned most of the country. Pass Laws required that non-Whites carry pass books, and later 'reference books' (similar to passports) to enter the 'white' parts of the country.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Louis Besson", "paragraph_text": "Louis Besson (born 6 May 1937 in Barby, Savoie, France) is a French politician and member of the French Socialist Party. He served several terms in the French National Assembly, and was the Minister for Housing and Transportation from December 11, 1990 - May 15, 1991. He is particularly known for his support for the protection of agriculture in natural mountain areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place", "paragraph_text": "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Aaldonk", "paragraph_text": "Aaldonk is a small area with just a dozen houses; it is part of the municipality of Gennep (in the province of Limburg, the Netherlands). Most of the area is agricultural and it is closely linked to the nearby village of Ottersum and on the other side to 'de Panoven', another agricultural area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Last Act in Palmyra", "paragraph_text": "Last Act in Palmyra is a 1994 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the sixth book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome, Nabatea, and Palmyra, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title refers to the hunt undertaken by Falco for a murderer, the last act of which takes place in Palmyra, as well as plays upon Falco's temporary employment as a playwright with a travelling theatre group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Freemasonry", "paragraph_text": "In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local \"Clerk of the Peace\" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Yale University", "paragraph_text": "Yale traces its beginnings to \"An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School,\" passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven. The Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, Rev. James Noyes II (son of James Noyes), James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's library. The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as \"The Founders\".[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 66162, "question": "where did the group areas act take place", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 50225, "question": "who is the minister of agriculture in #1", "answer": "Senzeni Zokwana", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Roche lobe", "paragraph_text": "The Roche lobe is different from the Roche sphere which approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of one astronomical body in the face of perturbations from another heavier body around which it orbits. It is different from the Roche limit which is the distance at which an object held together only by gravity begins to break up due to tidal forces. The Roche lobe, Roche limit and Roche sphere are named after the French astronomer Édouard Roche.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "New Yam Festival of the Igbo", "paragraph_text": "The New Yam Festival of the Igbo people (Orureshi in the idoma area, Iwa ji, Iri ji or Ike ji, depending on dialect) is an annual cultural festival by the Igbo people held at the end of the rainy season in early August.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Traces of Love", "paragraph_text": "Traces of Love is a 2006 South Korean film directed by Kim Dae-seung, and starring Yoo Ji-tae, Kim Ji-soo, and Uhm Ji-won. The film is based on the Sampoong Department Store collapse, which took place in 1995.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "16th Busan International Film Festival", "paragraph_text": "The 16th Busan International Film Festival was held from October 6 to October 14, 2011 at the Busan Cinema Center and was hosted by actresses Uhm Ji-won and Ye Ji-won, making it the first year to be hosted by two women.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "After Cao's defeat at the naval Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD, China was divided into three spheres of influence, with Cao Cao dominating the north, Sun Quan (182–252 AD) dominating the south, and Liu Bei (161–223 AD) dominating the west. Cao Cao died in March 220 AD. By December his son Cao Pi (187–226 AD) had Emperor Xian relinquish the throne to him and is known posthumously as Emperor Wen of Wei. This formally ended the Han dynasty and initiated an age of conflict between three states: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu, and Shu Han.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sport Club Ulbra Ji-Paraná", "paragraph_text": "Sport Club Ulbra Ji-Paraná, or Ulbra Ji-Paraná as they are usually called, were a Brazilian football team from Ji-Paraná in Rondônia state, founded on April 1, 2005. Their home stadium was the Biancão, which has a maximum capacity of 4,400 people. They played in red and white colors. Ulbra Ji-Paraná competed in the Série C and in the Copa do Brasil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "When Empress Dowager Deng died, Emperor An (r. 106–125 AD) was convinced by the accusations of the eunuchs Li Run (李閏) and Jiang Jing (江京) that Deng and her family had planned to depose him. An dismissed Deng's clan members from office, exiled them and forced many to commit suicide. After An's death, his wife, Empress Dowager Yan (d. 126 AD) placed the child Marquess of Beixiang on the throne in an attempt to retain power within her family. However, palace eunuch Sun Cheng (d. 132 AD) masterminded a successful overthrow of her regime to enthrone Emperor Shun of Han (r. 125–144 AD). Yan was placed under house arrest, her relatives were either killed or exiled, and her eunuch allies were slaughtered. The regent Liang Ji (d. 159 AD), brother of Empress Liang Na (d. 150 AD), had the brother-in-law of Consort Deng Mengnü (later empress) (d. 165 AD) killed after Deng Mengnü resisted Liang Ji's attempts to control her. Afterward, Emperor Huan employed eunuchs to depose Liang Ji, who was then forced to commit suicide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Newton's cradle", "paragraph_text": "Newton's cradle is a device that demonstrates conservation of momentum and energy using a series of swinging spheres. When one sphere at the end is lifted and released, it strikes the stationary spheres, transmitting a force through the stationary spheres that pushes the last sphere upward. The last sphere swings back and strikes the still nearly stationary spheres, repeating the effect in the opposite direction. The device is named after 17th-century English scientist Sir Isaac Newton. It is also known as Newton's Balls or Executive Ball Clicker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sphere of influence", "paragraph_text": "An example of spheres of influence was China in the late 19th and early 20th Century, when Britain, France, Germany, and Russia (later replaced by Japan) had de facto control over large swaths of territory. These were taken by unequal treaties or as very long term ``leases ''. These powers (and the United States) might have their own courts, post offices, commercial institutions, railroads, and gunboats in what was on paper Chinese territory. However, the foreign powers and their influence in some cases could have been exaggerated. The system ended with the Second World War.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Auvergne", "paragraph_text": "The region of Auvergne was named after the Arverni, one of the most powerful Gallic tribes. It was composed of the Gabali, the Vellavi, and the Cadurci, whose sphere of influence included the regions of Languedoc and Aquitaine. Vercingetorix was elected king in 52 BC. His father, Celtillos, his predecessor, had been killed by his companions who opposed Celtillos' goal of making the title hereditary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Humanism", "paragraph_text": "In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in other Confucian classics, e.g., as recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Ji Liang says, \"People is the zhu (master, lord, dominance, owner or origin) of gods. So, to sage kings, people first, gods second\"; Neishi Guo says, \"Gods, clever, righteous and wholehearted, comply with human.\" Taoist and Confucian secularism contain elements of moral thought devoid of religious authority or deism however they only partly resembled our modern concept of secularism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Culture of Vietnam", "paragraph_text": "The culture of Vietnam is one of the oldest in Southeast Asia, with the ancient Bronze age Đông Sơn culture being widely considered one of its most important progenitors. Due to a millennium of Chinese rule, Vietnam was heavily influenced by Chinese culture in terms of politics, government, Confucian social and moral ethics, and art. Vietnam is considered to be part of the East Asian cultural sphere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area", "paragraph_text": "The UNESCO World Heritage Site Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area includes a variety of buildings found in Hōryū-ji and Hokki-ji in Ikaruga, Nara Prefecture, Japan. These buildings were designated in 1993 along with the surrounding landscape, under several criteria. The structures inscribed are some of the oldest extant wooden buildings in the world, dating from the 7th to 8th centuries. Many of the monuments are also National Treasures of Japan, and reflect an important age of Buddhist influence in Japan. The structures include 21 buildings in the Hōryū-ji East Temple, 9 in the West Temple, 17 monasteries and other buildings, and the pagoda in Hokki-ji.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its \"political rearrangement\"—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Southeast Asia", "paragraph_text": "The culture in Southeast Asia is very diverse: on mainland Southeast Asia, the culture is a mix of Indochinese (Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand) and Chinese (Singapore and Vietnam). While in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese cultures. Also Brunei shows a strong influence from Arabia. Singapore and Vietnam show more Chinese influence in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants, which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore. Throughout Vietnam's history, it has had no direct influence from India - only through contact with the Thai, Khmer and Cham peoples.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Liang Ji", "paragraph_text": "Liang Ji (梁冀) (died 159), courtesy name Bozhuo (伯卓), was a politician and military commander of Han Dynasty China. As a powerful consort kin, he dominated government in the 150s together with his sister, Empress Liang Na. After his sister's death, Liang Ji was overthrown in a coup d'etat by Emperor Huan, with the support of the eunuch faction, in 159. The Liang clan and the clan of his wife, Sun Shou (孫壽), were slaughtered.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. \"Hellenistic\" is distinguished from \"Hellenic\" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Prime meridian", "paragraph_text": "A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0 °. Together, a prime meridian and its antimeridian (the 180th meridian in a 360 ° - system) form a great circle. This great circle divides the sphere, e.g., Earth, into two hemispheres. If one uses directions of East and West from a defined prime meridian, then they can be called the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ji Ru", "paragraph_text": "Ji Ru () was a trusted personal servant of Emperor Gaozu, the founder of China's Han Dynasty. Louis Crompton claims that Ji Ru was Gaozu's pillow companion, or homosexual lover, and that Ji Ru had more access to the emperor than did ministers. Ji Ru was documented by Sima Qian in the \"Records of the Grand Historian\":", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sima Liang", "paragraph_text": "Sima Liang was the fourth son of Sima Yi, by his concubine, Lady Fu. During Cao Wei regencies of his older brothers Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, he served as a mid-level official. After his nephew Sima Yan took the throne as Emperor Wu of Jin, ending Cao Wei and starting Jin, Sima Liang was created the Prince of Fufeng and put in charge of the military commands of Qin (秦州, modern eastern Gansu) and Yong (雍州, modern central and northern Shaanxi) provinces. In 270, after his subordinate, the general Liu Qi (劉旂) was defeated by the Xianbei rebel Tufa Shujineng, Sima Liang tried to have Liu's life spared by claiming fault; Liu's life was spared, but Sima Liang lost his post as a result.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 104531, "question": "Which country was Liang Ji in?", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 44497, "question": "when was #1 divided into spheres of influence", "answer": "in the late 19th and early 20th Century", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Principality of Sealand", "paragraph_text": "The Principality of Sealand, commonly known as Sealand, is a micronation that claims Roughs Tower, an offshore platform in the North Sea approximately off the coast of Suffolk, as its territory. Roughs Tower is a disused Maunsell Sea Fort, originally called HM Fort Roughs, built as an anti-aircraft gun platform by the British during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Copper", "paragraph_text": "The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scattering of electrons on thermal vibrations of the lattice, which are relatively weak for a soft metal. The maximum permissible current density of copper in open air is approximately 3.1×106 A/m2 of cross-sectional area, above which it begins to heat excessively. As with other metals, if copper is placed against another metal, galvanic corrosion will occur.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Instrumental temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest - running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest - running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Climate of the British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The British Isles undergo very small temperature variations. This is due to its proximity to the Atlantic, which acts as a temperature buffer, warming the Isles in winter and cooling them in summer. Coastal areas tend to be more temperate than inland areas, as the influence of the ocean is less acute. Valleys can be especially cold, as cool air collects in them during the winter. July is usually the warmest month, with the highest temperatures being found closest to Continental Europe, in south - east England. Temperatures usually do not reach freezing points, especially in coastal areas. However, the temperature is mainly warm to mediate temperatures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Rough Dreams", "paragraph_text": "Rough Dreams is an album by Shivaree, released by Odeon Records in 2002. Due to disputes with the label, \"Rough Dreams\" was not officially released in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Destroyer's Rubies", "paragraph_text": "Destroyer's Rubies is the seventh studio album by Canadian indie rock band Destroyer, released on February 21, 2006 on Merge Records, Scratch Records, Acuarela Discos, Architecture, and Rough Trade Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Global temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The global temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans through various spans of time. The most detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical thermometer - based records began. There are numerous estimates of temperatures since the end of the Pleistocene glaciation, particularly during the current Holocene epoch. Older time periods are studied by paleoclimatology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Istanbul", "paragraph_text": "Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings. Because of this, fog is very common, although more so in northern parts of the city and away from the city center. Dense fog disrupts transportation in the region, including on the Bosphorus, and is common during the autumn and winter months when the humidity remains high into the afternoon. The humid conditions and the fog tend to dissipate by midday during the summer months, but the lingering humidity exacerbates the moderately high summer temperatures. During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. The summer months also have the highest concentration of thunderstorms.Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 1–4 °C (34–39 °F). Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast, with the potential to be heavy and—as with the fog—disruptive to the city's infrastructure. Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south—sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city center on the Marmara coast are 40.5 °C (105 °F) and −16.1 °C (3 °F). The greatest rainfall recorded in a day is 227 millimeters (8.9 in), and the highest recorded snow cover is 80 centimeters (31 in).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Winter", "paragraph_text": "Meteorological Reckoning is the method of measuring the winter season used by meteorologists based on ``sensible weather patterns ''for record keeping purposes, so the start of meteorological winter varies with latitude. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. This corresponds to the months of December, January and February in the Northern Hemisphere, and June, July and August in the Southern Hemisphere. The coldest average temperatures of the season are typically experienced in January or February in the Northern Hemisphere and in June, July or August in the Southern Hemisphere. Nighttime predominates in the winter season, and in some regions winter has the highest rate of precipitation as well as prolonged dampness because of permanent snow cover or high precipitation rates coupled with low temperatures, precluding evaporation. Blizzards often develop and cause many transportation delays. Diamond dust, also known as ice needles or ice crystals, forms at temperatures approaching − 40 ° F (− 40 ° C) due to air with slightly higher moisture from aloft mixing with colder, surface based air. They are made of simple ice crystals that are hexagonal in shape. The Swedish meteorological institute (SMHI) define winter as when the daily mean temperatures go below 0 ° C (32 ° F) for five consecutive days. According to the SMHI, winter in Scandinavia is more pronounced when Atlantic low -- pressure systems take more southerly and northerly routes, leaving the path open for high -- pressure systems to come in and cold temperatures to occur. As a result, the coldest January on record in 1987 was also the sunniest in Stockholm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having \"four seasons in one day\", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Genome", "paragraph_text": "Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Climate of New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "Daily maximum temperatures are normally in the mid to low 20s (° C) over most of the country. They are higher in northern, eastern and interior part of the country; Hastings is the warmest city on average with 25.5 ° C followed by Gisborne with 24.9 ° C and Napier with 24.5 ° C. Eastern parts of the South Island are highly susceptible to the norwester, a Fohn wind which can result in temperatures going into the high 30s and even the low 40s. Rangiora in Canterbury holds the record maximum of 42.4 ° C recorded in 1973, with Christchurch recording 41.6 ° C in that same year. More recently, Timaru reached 41.3 ° C on Waitangi Day in 2011. Due to these winds, the cooler southern cities of Dunedin and Invercargill have higher all - time record temperatures than places further north such as Wellington, Auckland and Whangarei.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Highest temperature recorded on Earth", "paragraph_text": "According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest confirmed air temperature on Earth was 56.7 ° C (134.1 ° F) in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in the Death Valley desert in the United States, on July 10, 1913. While measuring air temperature is standard, there are two other main ways that a temperature can be recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jacksonville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Come on Sister", "paragraph_text": "Come on Sister is an EP from the indie pop band Belle & Sebastian released in 2011. It was released by Rough Trade records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "From the Rough", "paragraph_text": "From the Rough is a sports drama film based on the true story of Catana Starks, a former Tennessee State Tigers swim coach, who became the first woman ever to coach a college men’s golf team. With drive, passion, and guts, she took an unruly group of mismatched kids from around the world and guided them to an all-time record at the PGA National Collegiate Minority Championship.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 137037, "question": "Which place is From the Rough in?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 31263, "question": "Where was the highest known temperature in #1 recorded?", "answer": "Perryville", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Edge of Glory", "paragraph_text": "``The Edge of Glory ''is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her second studio album, Born This Way (2011). The song was released on May 9, 2011 as the album's third single. Initially released as one of two promotional singles for Born This Way, it shortly became a single following its success in digital outlets worldwide. The song was written and produced by Gaga and Fernando Garibay, and is a pop, electro - rock, and disco song that speaks of the very last moments of life. According to Gaga, lyrical inspiration came from the death of her grandfather, who died in September 2010. Alongside a saxophone solo played by the late Clarence Clemons, the melody of the song resembles much of the musical works of Bruce Springsteen, and contains several qualities similar to that of 1980s adult contemporary musical works.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Best Years of Our Lives", "paragraph_text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen re-adjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7, 1944, article in \"Time\" about the difficulties experienced by men returning to civilian life. Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay. His work was first published as a novella, \"Glory for Me\", which Kantor wrote in blank verse. Robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lady Gaga", "paragraph_text": "In 2009, Gaga spent a record 150 weeks on the UK Singles Chart and became the most downloaded female act in a year in the US, with 11.1 million downloads sold, earning an entry in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\". \"The Fame\" and \"The Fame Monster\" together have since sold more than 15 million copies worldwide. This success allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, and release \"The Remix\", her final record with Cherrytree Records and among the best-selling remix albums of all time. The Monster Ball Tour ran from November 2009 to May 2011 and grossed $227.4 million, making it the highest-grossing concert tour for a debut headlining artist. Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for an HBO television special, \"\". Gaga also performed songs from her albums at the 2009 Royal Variety Performance, the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and the 2010 BRIT Awards. Before Michael Jackson's death, Gaga was set to take part in his canceled This Is It concert series at the O Arena in the UK.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Embrace Today", "paragraph_text": "Embrace Today were an American straight edge metalcore–hardcore punk band from Boston, Massachusetts. They have toured with such bands as Bleeding Through, Champion, Bury Your Dead, Ion Dissonance, Premonitions of War, Since The Flood, and Haste the Day. Based on their 2002 release \"FxYxIxE,\" ExT is perhaps best known for a militant straight edge approach during their live shows and for creating a \"Fuck You I'm Edge\" mentality within the hardcore scene. They are often considered the heir apparent to Syracuse, Straight Edge juggernauts Earth Crisis. Embrace Today was considered one of the hardest-working bands of their time having toured non-stop for years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "I'm a Believer", "paragraph_text": "``I'm a Believer ''US single cover Single by The Monkees from the album More of the Monkees B - side`` (I'm Not Your) Steppin 'Stone'' Released 12 November 1966 Format 7 ''Recorded 15 & 23 October 1966 New York City, NY Genre Pop rock Length 2: 47 Label Colgems # 1002 Songwriter (s) Neil Diamond Producer (s) Jeff Barry The Monkees singles chronology ``Last Train to Clarksville'' (1966)`` I'm a Believer ''(1966) ``A Little Bit Me, a Little Bit You'' (1967)`` Last Train to Clarksville ''(1966) ``I'm a Believer'' (1966)`` A Little Bit Me, a Little Bit You ''(1967)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ezra Kire", "paragraph_text": "Ezra Kire (born Ezra Cannon, December 30, 1975) is an American musician with the punk band Morning Glory, and is an ex-member of punk bands Leftöver Crack, Choking Victim and InDK. He currently resides in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Mamma Mia! (film)", "paragraph_text": "Meryl Streep took opera singing lessons as a child, and as an adult, she previously sang in several films, including Postcards from the Edge, Silkwood, Death Becomes Her, and A Prairie Home Companion. She was a fan of the stage show Mamma Mia! after seeing it on Broadway in September 2001, when she found the show to be an affirmation of life in the midst of the destruction of 9 / 11.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "I Love Lucy", "paragraph_text": "Lucy is usually found with her sidekick and best friend Ethel Mertz. A former model from Albuquerque, New Mexico, Ethel tries to relive her glory days in vaudeville. Ricky is more inclined to include Ethel in performances at his nightclub because, unlike Lucy, she can actually sing and dance rather well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Thine Be the Glory", "paragraph_text": "In 1957 in the Netherlands, Calvin Seerveld used \"Thine Be the Glory\", with his favourite hymn tune, as a basis to write \"Praised Be the Father\" for his wedding. A church choir in Hoorn helped the congregation to sing it. In the Netherlands, it is used as a wedding hymn. In Germany, it is an Advent hymn called Zion's Daughter. It was written by Friedrich-Heinrich Ranke using the same tune as Thine Be the Glory and published in Evangelisches Gesangbuch fur Elsass-Lothringern. It has been argued that Thine Be the Glory was based on this hymn. In Spain it is used as a wedding hymn with the lyrics \"Canticorum iubilo\", probably based on Psalm 96. The hymn was translated into Danish in 1993 and is currently no. 240 in Den Danske Salmebog with the title \"Dig være ære, Herre over dødens magt\". It is listed under Easter psalms, but it also considered appropriate for funerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jim Cornelison", "paragraph_text": "James Cornelison (born June 20, 1964) is a professional singer who sings ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''and`` O Canada'' at the beginning of home games for the Chicago Blackhawks and he is accompanied by organist Frank Pellico. Cornelison started singing the anthem for the Blackhawks part - time in 1996; he has been singing the national anthem for the Blackhawks full - time since 2007. He has also performed the anthem before Chicago Bears home games at Soldier Field during the 2010 - 11 NFL playoffs, as well as the 2011 season opener against the Atlanta Falcons, which fell on the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "I Need You (Beatles song)", "paragraph_text": "``I Need You ''is a song by the Beatles and appears on the album Help!. It is the second George Harrison song the band released after two albums without any songwriting contribution from Harrison. It was performed in their second film, Help! and is the second video produced showing George Harrison singing lead vocal (after`` I'm Happy Just to Dance with You'' from A Hard Day's Night).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Midwest Cascade", "paragraph_text": "Midwest Cascade is a neighborhood of Atlanta at the city's far west edge. Together with the tiny neighborhood of Regency Trace it forms NPU Q, the city's fastest growing NPU from 2000 to 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sweet Home Valley", "paragraph_text": "The Sweet Home Valley of the South Santiam River runs from an area known as The Narrows near the western edge of the city of Sweet Home, Oregon to the confluence of the South Santiam and Middle Santiam rivers at Foster Reservoir on the east. Extending on either side of the South Santiam, nearly all of the valley south of the river is inside the city of Sweet Home while the valley north of the river remains unincorporated. Prior to the construction of Foster Dam, the area inundated by Foster Reservoir was occupied by several ranches and farms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Take Me Home Tonight (song)", "paragraph_text": "By the mid-1980s, Eddie Money had reached a low - point in his recording career after several years of drug abuse. Columbia Records still wanted to keep Money on its roster, but restricted his creative control regarding his output. Record producer Richie Zito brought Money the song ``Take Me Home Tonight '', and Money would recall:`` I did n't care for the demo (but) it did have a good catch line. When I heard (a snippet of) 'Be My Baby' in it I said: 'Why ca n't we get Ronnie Spector to sing it?' (and was told) 'That's impossible.''' Money invited his friend Martha Davis, lead vocalist of the Motels, to sing the lines from ``Be My Baby ''on`` Take Me Home Tonight'': Davis encouraged him to try to recruit Spector herself and Money was eventually able to speak on the phone to Spector at her home in northern California: Money - ``I could hear clinking and clanking in the background... She said: 'I'm doing the dishes, and I got ta change the kids' bedding. I'm not really in the business anymore, Eddie. Phil Spector and all that, it was a nightmare '... I said' Ronnie, I got this song that's truly amazing and it's a tribute to you. It would be so great if you... did it with me. '''The success of`` Take Me Home Tonight'' encouraged Spector to resume her singing career. In 1987 Money would say of ``Take Me Home Tonight '':`` I did n't like the song, but... it helped Ronnie out and it helped me get some of my other material on the album across, so now I'm happy I did it.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "I Could Sing of Your Love Forever", "paragraph_text": "``I Could Sing of Your Love Forever ''Song by Delirious? from the album Cutting Edge 2 Recorded 1995 (Cutting Edge Version) 2001 (Deeper Version) Genre Worship, Christian rock, Contemporary Christian Length 6: 09 (Cutting Edge Album Version) 5: 29 (Deeper Album Version) Label Furious? Songwriter (s) Martin Smith Producer (s) Andy Piercy, Delirious?", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "I'll Cry Tomorrow", "paragraph_text": "``Susan Hayward sings for the first time on the screen, and will win much applause for her throaty voice in such songs as Sing, You Sinners, When the Red, Red Robin (Comes Bob, Bob, Bobbin 'Along), and I'm Sitting on Top of the World. She is supported by Ray Danton as the man whose death first upsets her; by Jo Van Fleet as her domineering mother who realises what she has done too late; Richard Conte, Eddie Albert and Don Taylor. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Best Years of Our Lives", "paragraph_text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7, 1944, article in Time about the difficulties experienced by men returning to civilian life. Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay. His work was first published as a novella, Glory for Me, which Kantor wrote in blank verse. Robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Can't Find My Way Home", "paragraph_text": "``Ca n't Find My Way Home ''is a song written by Steve Winwood which was first released by Blind Faith on their 1969 album Blind Faith. Rolling Stone, in a review of the album, noted that the song featured`` Ginger Baker's highly innovative percussion'' and judged the lyric ``And I'm wasted and I ca n't find my way home ''to be`` delightful''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "I Still Call Australia Home", "paragraph_text": "``I Still Call Australia Home ''is a song written and performed by Peter Allen in 1980. In it, Allen sings of Australian expatriates' longing for home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Glory of Love (song)", "paragraph_text": "``The Glory of Love ''Single by Benny Goodman Released 1936 Format 78 rpm vinyl Recorded 1936 Genre Pop Songwriter (s) Billy Hill Benny Goodman singles chronology`` The Glory of Love ''' (1936) The Glory of Love'1936 The Five Keys singles chronology ``The Glory of Love' ''(1951) The Glory of Love'1951`` Yes Sir, That's My Baby'' (1952) Yes Sir, That's My Baby1952", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 60470, "question": "who sings i'm on the edge of glory", "answer": "Lady Gaga", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 132399, "question": "What is the home city of #1 ?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "New York" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Water supply and sanitation in London", "paragraph_text": "London has well developed water supply infrastructure. Most drinking water consumed in London comes from the River Thames and the River Lee. Approximately 70% of all water supplied to London is taken from the Thames upstream of Teddington Weir.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Appleton Water Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Appleton Water Tower is a Victorian water tower located in Sandringham, Norfolk. It was constructed in 1877 to improve the quality of the water supply to the nearby Sandringham House and its estate. Accommodation was provided within the tower on the ground and first floors for the water tower custodian, whilst the second floor above the water tank provides a viewing platform. All floors are served by a spiral staircase adjoining the tower.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mtetengwe River", "paragraph_text": "The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Joseph Quick (engineer)", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Quick (6 November 1809 Chelsea, London – 30 March 1894 Clapham Park) was an English civil engineer who was closely involved in improvements to water supply in the great industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Both his father and his son (author of \"The Water Supply of the Metropolis\". London and New York: 1880) were also waterworks engineers by the name Joseph Quick.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lanka Sagar Dam", "paragraph_text": "Lanka Sagar is a water project centered on an earth-fill dam on the Kuttalair River (Krishna Godavari Basin) near Adivimallala village in Andhra Pradesh, India. The villages of Rajugudem, Chowdavaram, Pallewada, Lankasagar are located around this project. It was built in 1968. The purpose of the dam is water supply for irrigation and drinking water. The project affords the irrigation of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Trehörningen (Sjödalen)", "paragraph_text": "Trehörningen (Swedish: \"The Triangle\") is a small lake located in the municipality Huddinge in southern Stockholm, Sweden. As part of the Tyresån Lake System, Trehörningen receives water from Lake Gömmaren and supplies water to Lake Ågesta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Water chlorination", "paragraph_text": "In a paper published in 1894, it was formally proposed to add chlorine to water to render it ``germ - free ''. Two other authorities endorsed this proposal and published it in many other papers in 1895. Early attempts at implementing water chlorination at a water treatment plant were made in 1893 in Hamburg, Germany, and in 1897 the town of Maidstone, England was the first to have its entire water supply treated with chlorine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Diarrhea", "paragraph_text": "Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene. Similarly, a meta-analysis of numerous studies on improving water supply and sanitation shows a 22–27% reduction in disease incidence, and a 21–30% reduction in mortality rate associated with diarrheal disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Umchabezi River", "paragraph_text": "The Umchabezi River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District and Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. The main dam on the river is Makado Dam, which supplies water for commercial irrigation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bisalpur Dam", "paragraph_text": "Bisalpur Dam is a gravity dam on the Banas River near Deoli in Tonk district, Rajasthan, India. The dam was completed in 1999 for the purpose of irrigation and water supply.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne's air quality is generally good and has improved significantly since the 1980s. Like many urban environments, the city faces significant environmental issues, many of them relating to the city's large urban footprint and urban sprawl and the demand for infrastructure and services. One such issue is water usage, drought and low rainfall. Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures deplete Melbourne water supplies and climate change may have a long-term impact on the water supplies of Melbourne. In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong. Both projects are being conducted under controversial Public-Private Partnerships and a multitude of independent reports have found that neither project is required to supply water to the city and that Sustainable Water Management is the best solution. In the meantime, the drought must be weathered.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus suffers from a chronic shortage of water. The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased. Between 2001 and 2004, exceptionally heavy annual rainfall pushed water reserves up, with supply exceeding demand, allowing total storage in the island's reservoirs to rise to an all-time high by the start of 2005. However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler feed water is an injector, which uses a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler. Injectors became popular in the 1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Shoalhaven Scheme", "paragraph_text": "The Shoalhaven Scheme is a dual-purpose water supply and hydro-electric power generation scheme located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Water storage and supply for Melbourne is managed by Melbourne Water, which is owned by the Victorian Government. The organisation is also responsible for management of sewerage and the major water catchments in the region as well as the Wonthaggi desalination plant and North–South Pipeline. Water is stored in a series of reservoirs located within and outside the Greater Melbourne area. The largest dam, the Thomson River Dam, located in the Victorian Alps, is capable of holding around 60% of Melbourne's water capacity, while smaller dams such as the Upper Yarra Dam, Yan Yean Reservoir, and the Cardinia Reservoir carry secondary supplies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ubagan River", "paragraph_text": "The Ubagan River ( \"Obaǵan\"; ) is a river of Kazakhstan and Russia, a right tributary of the Tobol River. It has a length of , and a catchment area of , with water supplied by melting snow. In the summer the water is brackish.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Water in California", "paragraph_text": "Rivers of the Lahontan watersheds in eastern California are part of the high desert Great Basin and do not drain to the Pacific. Most of the water is used locally in eastern California and western Nevada for irrigation. The Owens River of the South Lahontan region, however, is a principal source of water for Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Blade Runner", "paragraph_text": "In 2019 Los Angeles, former police officer Rick Deckard is detained by officer Gaff, and brought to his former supervisor, Bryant. Deckard, whose job as a \"blade runner\" was to track down bioengineered beings known as replicants and \"retire\" (kill) them, is informed that four are on Earth illegally. Deckard starts to leave, but Bryant ambiguously threatens him, and he stays. The two watch a video of a blade runner named Holden administering the \"Voigt-Kampff\" test, which is designed to distinguish replicants from humans based on their emotional response to questions. The test subject, Leon, shoots Holden on the second question. Bryant wants Deckard to retire Leon and the other three Tyrell Corporation Nexus-6 replicants: Roy Batty, Zhora, and Pris.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterised by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period, and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an improved water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. About one half of the population is connected to sanitary sewers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sudbury Dam Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Sudbury Dam Historic District is a historic district on the southeastern end of Sudbury Reservoir off MA 30 in Framingham and Southborough, Massachusetts. The district encompasses the Sudbury Dam (also known as the Fayville Dam for the nearby neighborhood of Southborough), which impounds the reservoir, and an area encompassing several historic structures located below the dam. The area includes water-supply-related structures from three phases of development of the Greater Boston water supply system. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161529, "question": "Where was Deckard arrested?", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 72057, "question": "where does #1 get its water supply", "answer": "Owens River", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Battle of Lundy's Lane", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lundy's Lane (also known as the Battle of Niagara Falls) was a battle of the Anglo - American War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in present - day Niagara Falls, Ontario. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the war, and one of the deadliest battles ever fought in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nintendo Entertainment System", "paragraph_text": "In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the \"Mattel Version\" and \"NES Version\". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip used in other European countries. When Nintendo took over European distribution in 1990, they produced consoles that were then labelled \"NES Version\"; therefore, the only differences between the two are the text on the front flap and texture on the top/bottom of the casing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)", "paragraph_text": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter Hogwarts Castle, which houses Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey Universal's Islands of Adventure Status Operating Cost GBP £134 million USD $200 million Soft opening date May 28, 2010 Opening date June 18, 2010 (2010 - 06 - 18) Replaced Merlinwood (The Lost Continent) Universal Studios Florida Status Operating Cost USD $256 million Soft opening date July 3, 2014 Opening date July 8, 2014 Replaced Jaws General statistics Attraction type Themed zone Designer Universal Creative Theme Harry Potter Size Phase 1: 20 acres (8.1 ha)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nordic combined at the 2002 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Nordic combined at the 2002 Winter Olympics, consisted of three events held over ten days, from 9 February to 22 February. The ski jumping part took place in Park City, while the cross-country part took place in Soldier Hollow. This was the first Winter Olympics to have two individual Nordic Combined events: the 10 km individual normal hill (sprint) and the 10 km individual large hill (individual).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kho kho", "paragraph_text": "A Kho kho playing field is rectangular. It is 36 by 18 metres (118 ft × 59 ft) in length and width. There are two rectangles at the end. The dimensions of each rectangle is 16 m × 2.75 m (52.5 ft × 9.0 ft). In the middle of these two rectangles, there are two wooden poles. The central lane's dimensions are 2,350 cm × 30 cm (925 in × 12 in). There are eight cross lanes which lie across the central lane, whose dimensions are 1,600 cm × 30 cm (630 in × 12 in). It makes the small rectangles and each of them are 16 m × 2.3 m (52.5 ft × 7.5 ft) (the two rectangles of near by the wooden poles are 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) wide), at right angles to the central lane and divided equally into two parts of 7.85 m (25.8 ft) each by the central lane. At the end of the central lane, the free zone tangent to the post-line, two smooth wooden posts are fixed, 120 cm (47 in) high from the ground, and their circumference is no less than 30 cm (12 in) and no more than 40 cm (16 in). The equipment used in Kho kho are poles / post, strings, metallic measuring tape, lime powder, wire nails, two watches, types of rings having inner circumference of 30 cm (12 in) and 40 cm (16 in), score shots (like a whistle, for instance), and equipment to record the results.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "La morte risale a ieri sera", "paragraph_text": "\"La morte risale a ieri sera\" was released in Italy on September 5, 1970. The film has also been distributed internationally under the titles \"Death Occurred Last Night\", \"Death Took Place Last Night\" and \"Horror Came out of the Fog\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Two-Lane Blacktop", "paragraph_text": "Two-Lane Blacktop is a 1971 road movie directed by Monte Hellman and starring songwriter James Taylor, the Beach Boys drummer Dennis Wilson, Warren Oates, and Laurie Bird. \"Blacktop\" means an asphalt road.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Battle of Lundy's Lane", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lundy's Lane (also known as the Battle of Niagara Falls) was a battle of the Anglo-American War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the war, and one of the deadliest battles ever fought in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Rachel Carson Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Rachel Carson Bridge, also known as the Ninth Street Bridge, spans the Allegheny River in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States. The total length is including the main span and two side spans, or including the approaches. The total width of the deck is , including the roadway plus two sidewalks outside the compressive plate girder. Whereas the roadway formerly carried two vehicle lanes and two streetcar tracks, it now carries four wide vehicle lanes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sony Music", "paragraph_text": "In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of Two Sisters", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Two Sisters was an engagement of the Falklands War during the British advance towards the capital, Port Stanley; it took place from 11 to 12 June 1982.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "First Battle of Polotsk", "paragraph_text": "In the First Battle of Polotsk, which took place on 17–18 August 1812, Russian troops under the command of Peter Wittgenstein fought French and Bavarian troops led by Nicolas Oudinot near the city of Polotsk, halting Oudinot's advance toward Saint Petersburg. The First Battle of Polotsk should be distinguished from the Second Battle of Polotsk which took place during the same campaign two months later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Devil Horse", "paragraph_text": "The Devil Horse is a 1932 American Pre-Code movie serial starring Harry Carey, Frankie Darro and Noah Beery, Sr. that was distributed by Mascot Pictures. This is regarded as the best of the three serials Harry Carey made in the early 1930's, the other two being \"Last of the Mohicans\" and \"The Vanishing Legion\". Frankie Darro had co-starred with Carey previously in \"The Vanishing Legion\". Lane Chandler played the murdered ranger Elliott Norton, uncredited.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "U.S. Route 29 in Virginia", "paragraph_text": "For most of its route through Virginia, US 29 has been constructed to be at least four lanes along its route, with the two short exceptions being where the highway passes through Manassas National Battlefield Park, where it is two lanes wide for approximately three miles, and through Fairfax and Arlington counties, where it is sometimes wider.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2019 AFC Asian Cup Group D", "paragraph_text": "Group D of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup took place from 7 to 16 January 2019. The group consisted of Iran, Iraq, Vietnam, and Yemen. The top two teams, Iran and Iraq, along with the third-placed team, Vietnam (as one of the four best third-placed teams), advanced to the round of 16.The group contained two former champions, Iran (3 titles) and Iraq (1 title). Yemen made its debut in the tournament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Riva, Maryland", "paragraph_text": "Riva is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The population was 4,076 at the 2010 census. The area is scenic, especially where the two-lane Riva Road crosses the South River on a bridge. The area is growing with large new homes as the suburbs of Annapolis grow outward.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Two-Lane Blacktop", "paragraph_text": "\"Two-Lane Blacktop\" was unavailable on video for years because Universal Studios only released a few films from their catalog each year and it was not a priority. In 1994, Seattle's Scarecrow Video invited Hellman to show the film at their store. They proceeded to collect 2,000 signatures, including Werner Herzog's, for a petition to get the film released on video. Both \"People\" magazine and \"Film Comment\" ran articles about the store's effort and the film.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Secretariat (film)", "paragraph_text": "Secretariat is a 2010 American biographical sports drama film produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures, written by Mike Rich and Sheldon Turner with music by Nick Glennie-Smith and directed by Randall Wallace. The film chronicles the life of Thoroughbred race horse Secretariat, winner of the Triple Crown in 1973. Diane Lane portrays Secretariat's owner, Penny Chenery, and John Malkovich plays his trainer, Lucien Laurin. Filming took place on location in Louisville and Lexington, Kentucky, and around Lafayette, Louisiana and Carencro, Louisiana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Evolution of mammals", "paragraph_text": "One such feature available for paleontology, shared by all living mammals (including monotremes), but not present in any of the early Triassic therapsids, is shown in Figure 1 (on the right), namely: mammals use two bones for hearing that all other amniotes use for eating. The earliest amniotes had a jaw joint composed of the articular (a small bone at the back of the lower jaw) and the quadrate (a small bone at the back of the upper jaw). All non-mammalian tetrapods use this system including amphibians, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs (including the birds), ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs and therapsids. But mammals have a different jaw joint, composed only of the dentary (the lower jaw bone, which carries the teeth) and the squamosal (another small skull bone). In the Jurassic, their quadrate and articular bones evolved into the incus and malleus bones in the middle ear. Mammals also have a double occipital condyle; they have two knobs at the base of the skull that fit into the topmost neck vertebra, while other tetrapods have a single occipital condyle.In a 1981 article, Kenneth A. Kermack and his co-authors argued for drawing the line between mammals and earlier synapsids at the point where the mammalian pattern of molar occlusion was being acquired and the dentary-squamosal joint had appeared. The criterion chosen, they noted, is merely a matter of convenience; their choice was based on the fact that \"the lower jaw is the most likely skeletal element of a Mesozoic mammal to be preserved.\" Today, most paleontologists consider that animals are mammals if they satisfy this criterion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Brightman Street Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Brightman Street Bridge is a long, four-lane wide drawbridge spanning the Taunton River between the town of Somerset and the city of Fall River, Massachusetts. It was authorized in 1903 by the state legislature, and building took place between 1906 and 1908, when it opened full-time on October 10, 1908. It was closed to vehicular traffic on October 11, 2011.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 120823, "question": "Who distributed Two-Lane Blacktop?", "answer": "Universal Studios", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 58416, "question": "what took the place of jaws at #1", "answer": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2011 Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup (officially known as ICC Cricket World Cup 2011) was the tenth Cricket World Cup. It was played in India, Sri Lanka, and (for the first time) Bangladesh. India won the tournament, defeating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final at Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, thus becoming the first country to win the Cricket World Cup final on home soil. India's Yuvraj Singh was declared the man of the tournament. This was the first time in World Cup history that two Asian teams had appeared in the final. It was also the first time since the 1992 World Cup that the final match did not feature Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Loretta Lynn", "paragraph_text": "Lynn's relationship with the Wilburn Brothers and her appearances on the Grand Ole Opry, beginning in 1960, helped Lynn become the number one female recording artist in country music. Her contract with the Wilburn Brothers gave them the publishing rights to her material. She was still fighting to regain these rights 30 years after ending her business relationship with them but was ultimately denied the publishing rights. Lynn stopped writing music in the 1970s because of these contracts. Although Kitty Wells had become the first major female country vocalist during the 1950s, by the time Lynn recorded her first record, only three other women -- Patsy Cline, Skeeter Davis, and Jean Shepard -- had become top stars. Lynn joined The Grand Ole Opry on September 25, 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Three Gates", "paragraph_text": "The Three Gates (\"Les trois portes\" : The Time Runaways #01) is a novel by Philippe Ebly published in France in 1977.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dominican Republic at the 1964 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Republic competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "National Convention", "paragraph_text": "The first session was held on 20 September 1792. The following day, the assembly agreed the proposition \"That royalty be abolished in France\" and was carried with cheers. On the 22nd came the news of the Battle of Valmy. On the same day it was decreed that \"in future the acts of the assembly shall be dated First Year of the French Republic\". Three days later the corollary that \"the French republic is one and indivisible\" was added to guard against federalism. A republic had been proclaimed, but it remained to enact a republican government. The country was little more republican in feeling or practice than it had been before at any time since Varennes. But now it had to become a republic, because it no longer had a king.When the Convention met the military situation was undergoing an extraordinary transformation that seemed to confirm the Girondin prophecies of easy victory. After Valmy the Prussians withdrew to the frontier, and in November French troops occupied the left bank of the Rhine. The Austrians, who had besieged Lille in October, were defeated by Dumouriez at the Battle of Jemappes on 6 November and evacuated the Austrian Netherlands. Nice was occupied and Savoy proclaimed its union with France. These successes made it safe to quarrel at home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Habsburg Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "Becoming the Seventeen Provinces in 1549, they were held by the Spanish Empire from 1556, and are therefore also known as the Spanish Netherlands from that time on. In 1581, the Seven United Provinces seceded to form the Dutch Republic; the remaining Spanish Southern Netherlands eventually passed on to Habsburg Austria. Finally, the Austrian Netherlands were annexed by the French First Republic in 1795.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Memories of Ice", "paragraph_text": "Memories of Ice is the third volume of Steven Erikson's epic fantasy series, the \"Malazan Book of the Fallen\". The events of \"Memories of Ice\" begin just after the first book, \"Gardens of the Moon\", and at the same time as the second, \"Deadhouse Gates\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Leg shaving", "paragraph_text": "In Western countries, the majority of women engage in leg shaving, doing so largely for aesthetic reasons. This practice has developed especially since the early 20th century, around the time of the First World War, as hemlines on women's dresses have become shorter and women's swimsuits have become more revealing, displaying all of a woman's legs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Delhi Republic Day parade", "paragraph_text": "To mark the importance of the Republic Day, every year a grand parade is held in the capital, New Delhi, from the Raisina Hill Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), along the Rajpath, past India Gate. Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti, a memorial to fallen soldiers at the India Gate at one end of Rajpath, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of fallen soldiers. It is a solemn reminder of the sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the country in the freedom movement and the succeeding wars for the defence of sovereignty of their country. Thereafter he / she reaches the main dais at Rajpath to join other dignitaries, subsequently the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. They are escorted on horseback by the President's Bodyguard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mat Franco", "paragraph_text": "Mat Franco (born May 10, 1988) is an American magician and the winner of the ninth season of America's Got Talent. Franco rose above hundreds of thousands of acts to become the first magician in history to win, including the $1 million prize. Best known for his personality - driven, sleight - of - hand style of magic, Mat Franco's TV specials marked the first time NBC produced a spin - off show around their AGT winner. Franco is currently headlining in at The LINQ Hotel and Casino at the Mat Franco Theater in Las Vegas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2001–02 Czech 1. Liga season", "paragraph_text": "The 2001–02 Czech 1.liga season was the ninth season of the Czech 1.liga, the second level of ice hockey in the Czech Republic. 14 teams participated in the league, and HC Bili Tygri Liberec won the championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2013 World Men's Handball Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 World Men's Handball Championship was the 23rd World Men's Handball Championship, an international handball tournament that took place in Spain from 11 to 27 January 2013. This was the first time Spain hosted the World Men's Handball Championship, becoming the twelfth country to host the competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Only One You", "paragraph_text": "\"Only One You\" is a song written by Michael Garvin and Bucky Jones, and recorded by American country music artist T.G. Sheppard. It was released in November 1981 as the first single from the album \"Finally!\". \"Only One You\" became his ninth No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in February 1982, spending one week atop the chart as part of a 13-week run within the country chart's top 40.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Ninth Gate", "paragraph_text": "\"The Ninth Gate\" was filmed in France, Portugal, and Spain in the summer of 1998. Selected prominent buildings in the film are:", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ababel Yeshaneh", "paragraph_text": "Ababel Yeshaneh Birhane (born 22 July 1991) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in track, road and cross country events. She represented her country in the 10,000 metres at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, coming ninth, and ranked fifth in the world on time that year. She was a team silver medallist at the African Cross Country Championships in 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "French First Republic", "paragraph_text": "In the history of France, the First Republic, officially the French Republic (French: République française), was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon, although the form of the government changed several times. This period was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Paz Cea de Conde", "paragraph_text": "Governor Pazita is the first cousin of Senator Jose Tria Fuentebella and Camarines Sur undefeated congressman Felix Abad Fuentebella, the father of Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives Arnulfo P. Fuentebella. One of the successful nephew of Governor Pazita was the late senator Edmundo B. Cea, who was considered as brilliant Senator of his time who dreamt to become a vice president of the Republic but lost in the Nacionalista convention.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1936–37 Slovenian Republic League", "paragraph_text": "The 1936–37 Slovenian Republic League was the 18th season of the Slovenian Republic League. Železničar Maribor have won the league for the first time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "I Can't Stop Loving You", "paragraph_text": "``I Ca n't Stop Loving You ''is a popular song written and composed by country singer, songwriter and musician Don Gibson, who first recorded it on December 30, 1957, for RCA Victor Records. It was released in 1958 as the B - side of`` Oh, Lonesome Me'', becoming a double - sided country hit single. At the time of Gibson's death in 2003, the song had been recorded by more than 700 artists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Something in the Night", "paragraph_text": "Something in the Night is the ninth studio album, and last until 2005's \"All in a Good Time\", by American country rock band Pure Prairie League, released in 1981.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107374, "question": "Which was the country for The Ninth Gate?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 49114, "question": "when did #1 become republic for the first time", "answer": "22 September 1792", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The Houston area has over 150 active faults (estimated to be 300 active faults) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500 km), including the Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system which runs through the center of the city. There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researchers do not discount the possibility of such quakes having occurred in the deeper past, nor occurring in the future. Land in some areas southeast of Houston is sinking because water has been pumped out of the ground for many years. It may be associated with slip along the faults; however, the slippage is slow and not considered an earthquake, where stationary faults must slip suddenly enough to create seismic waves. These faults also tend to move at a smooth rate in what is termed \"fault creep\", which further reduces the risk of an earthquake.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "List of hospitals in Romania", "paragraph_text": "The list below is a database that contains hospitals in Romania. All public hospitals receive funding from the Ministry of Health. Romania has a universal healthcare system, hence all public hospitals are charge-free and available to each citizen of the European Union. There are 425 operational hospitals across the country. At the moment, there are 6.2 hospital beds available per 1000 citizens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Manipal Hospitals Klang", "paragraph_text": "Manipal Hospitals Klang (MHK) is a modern private medical facility located in Bandar Bukit Tinggi, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Manipal Hospitals Klang (MHK) is part of the Manipal Education and Medical Group (MEMG), a leading healthcare provider with over 2,000 doctors and 15 hospitals globally with 4,900 beds, serving over 2 million patients worldwide with a workforce of 16,500 people. Manipal Hospitals Klang (MHK) provides primary and selected tertiary care services and is associated with over 30 insurance companies in Malaysia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Oregon State Hospital Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Oregon State Hospital Historic District is a National Historic District in Salem, Oregon, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2008, and encompasses many of the buildings of the present-day Oregon State Hospital. The district is roughly bounded by D Street, Park Avenue, 24th Street and Bates Drive and includes the main hospital building as well as the headquarters of the Oregon Department of Corrections, known as the Dome Building, across the street.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) was founded in 1991 and is a facility located in Murray, Utah, United States, at the former Intermountain Healthcare Cottonwood Hospital location. It includes 36 clinical patient rooms, ten surgery suites, a human performance research laboratory, a 25-meter lap pool, a full weight and exercise room, and a rehabilitation center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "National Healthcareer Association", "paragraph_text": "The National Healthcareer Association (NHA) is a national professional certification agency for healthcare workers in the United States. Granting credentials in more than 8 allied health specialties, it is an organizational member of the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA). The National Healthcareer Association partners with educational institutions nationwide with over 350,000 certified individuals. It is one of the largest certification and continuing education providers. The National Healthcareer Association works with health training institutions, hospitals, unions, and the US Defense Department through DANTES; it has approved over 2400 training / testing locations throughout the US and in several countries. These institutions offer allied health programs and use the national certification as their ``End Of Program Credential. ''Healthcare professional certification is different from a license such as a Registered Nurse, or a licensed practical nurse. Although certification is not state mandated and / or regulated in all 50 states, most employers and industry organizations prefer their employees to be certified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Rima Ariadaeus", "paragraph_text": "Some scientists think that the linear rilles might have formed after large impact events, while others believe that the rilles were formed as a surface manifestation of deep-seated dike systems when the Moon was still volcanically active. Rima Ariadaeus is thought to have been formed when a section of the Moon's crust sank down between two parallel fault lines (making it a graben or fault trough). Rima Ariadaeus shows no trace of associated volcanism and is thus considered to be an end member of the sequence where only pure faulting is involved i.e. a linear rille.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mersey Community Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Mersey Hospital, at Latrobe near Devonport in Tasmania is a campus of the North West Regional Hospital, the main healthcare facility for the North Western region of Tasmania, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Washington University in St. Louis", "paragraph_text": "The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training. The School ranks first in the nation in student selectivity. Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wilson) played a leading role in the Human Genome Project, having contributed 25% of the finished sequence. The School pioneered bedside teaching and led in the transformation of empirical knowledge into scientific medicine. The medical school partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital (part of BJC HealthCare), where all physicians are members of the school's faculty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Bryan Health", "paragraph_text": "Bryan Health (formerly BryanLGH Health System) is a not-for-profit healthcare organization located in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. The system operates an acute-care hospital, several outpatient clinics and a College of Health Sciences, as well as a physician network and a heart institute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bird", "paragraph_text": "Though human activities have allowed the expansion of a few species, such as the barn swallow and European starling, they have caused population decreases or extinction in many other species. Over a hundred bird species have gone extinct in historical times, although the most dramatic human-caused avian extinctions, eradicating an estimated 750–1800 species, occurred during the human colonisation of Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian islands. Many bird populations are declining worldwide, with 1,227 species listed as threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN in 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pyramid Lake Fault Zone", "paragraph_text": "The Pyramid Lake Fault Zone is an active right lateral-moving (dextral) geologic fault located in western Nevada. It is considered an integral part of the Walker Lane.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Imperial College London", "paragraph_text": "Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine. It is an academic health science centre and manages five hospitals: Charing Cross Hospital, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital, St Mary's Hospital, and Western Eye Hospital. The Trust is currently the largest in the UK and has an annual turnover of £800 million, treating more than a million patients a year.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Hospital for Sick Children is a hospital in Edinburgh, Scotland, specialising in paediatric healthcare. Locally, it is commonly referred to simply as the \"Sick Kids\". The hospital provides care for children from birth to around 13 years of age, including a specialist Accident and Emergency facility. The hospital is located on Sciennes Road in the Sciennes area of Edinburgh's South Side. It is managed by NHS Lothian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake", "paragraph_text": "An article in Science suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake. The chief engineer of the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau said that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, allowing them to move apart, and could have increased the direct pressure on it, causing a violent rupture. The effect was \"25 times more\" than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement. The government had disregarded warnings about so many large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area. Researchers have been denied access to seismological and geological data to examine the cause of the quake further.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence in California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "NCH Healthcare System", "paragraph_text": "The NCH Healthcare System is a not-for-profit, multi-facility healthcare system located in Naples, Florida, United States. The anchor of the system is the two hospitals (referred to as the NCH Healthcare System – Downtown Naples Hospital Campus, and the NCH Healthcare System – North Naples Hospital Campus) with a total of 681 beds. The system operates walk-in centers and outpatient rehabilitation facilities in Naples, North Naples, Marco Island, and Bonita Springs. Naples Diagnostic Imaging Center is an affiliate of the system. The system had 32,746 admissions, 89,189 Emergency department visits, 4,291 births, 477 open heart surgeries, 9,493 wellness members, 566 community physicians, and 3,200 employee colleagues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States, is a teaching hospital for the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and part of the OSF Healthcare System. The Center, which is the largest hospital in the Peoria metropolitan area and in central Illinois, is designated by the state of Illinois as the Level I adult and pediatric regional trauma center for a 26-county region in mid-Illinois. OSF Saint Francis owns the Children's Hospital of Illinois (though the Hospital has its own President), the OSF Saint Francis Heart Hospital, the Illinois Neurological Institute, and the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, which are all located either in or near the Medical Center. The hospital is a clinical training hospital for many medical students, interns, residents, and fellows of the Peoria campus of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 12069, "question": "Where is the Triumph Healthcare hospital headquartered?", "answer": "Houston", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 12086, "question": "How many estimated active faults does #1 have?", "answer": "300", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Surgeon General of the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1798, Congress established the Marine Hospital Fund, a network of hospitals that cared for sick and disabled seamen. The Marine Hospital Fund was reorganized along military lines in 1870 and became the Marine Hospital Service -- predecessor to today's United States Public Health Service. The service became a separate bureau of the Treasury Department with its own staff, administration, headquarters in Washington, D.C, and the position of Supervising Surgeon (later Surgeon General).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mersey Community Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Mersey Hospital, at Latrobe near Devonport in Tasmania is a campus of the North West Regional Hospital, the main healthcare facility for the North Western region of Tasmania, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese), while Pacific Islanders made up 0.1%. Individuals from some other race made up 15.2% of the city's population, of which 0.2% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 3.3% of the city. At the 2000 Census, there were 1,953,631 people and the population density was 3,371.7 people per square mile (1,301.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White, 25.3% African American, 5.3% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. In addition, Hispanics made up 37.4% of Houston's population while non-Hispanic whites made up 30.8%, down from 62.4% in 1970.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "National Healthcareer Association", "paragraph_text": "The National Healthcareer Association (NHA) is a national professional certification agency for healthcare workers in the United States. Granting credentials in more than 8 allied health specialties, it is an organizational member of the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA). The National Healthcareer Association partners with educational institutions nationwide with over 350,000 certified individuals. It is one of the largest certification and continuing education providers. The National Healthcareer Association works with health training institutions, hospitals, unions, and the US Defense Department through DANTES; it has approved over 2400 training / testing locations throughout the US and in several countries. These institutions offer allied health programs and use the national certification as their ``End Of Program Credential. ''Healthcare professional certification is different from a license such as a Registered Nurse, or a licensed practical nurse. Although certification is not state mandated and / or regulated in all 50 states, most employers and industry organizations prefer their employees to be certified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) was founded in 1991 and is a facility located in Murray, Utah, United States, at the former Intermountain Healthcare Cottonwood Hospital location. It includes 36 clinical patient rooms, ten surgery suites, a human performance research laboratory, a 25-meter lap pool, a full weight and exercise room, and a rehabilitation center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Hospital for Sick Children is a hospital in Edinburgh, Scotland, specialising in paediatric healthcare. Locally, it is commonly referred to simply as the \"Sick Kids\". The hospital provides care for children from birth to around 13 years of age, including a specialist Accident and Emergency facility. The hospital is located on Sciennes Road in the Sciennes area of Edinburgh's South Side. It is managed by NHS Lothian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bryan Health", "paragraph_text": "Bryan Health (formerly BryanLGH Health System) is a not-for-profit healthcare organization located in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. The system operates an acute-care hospital, several outpatient clinics and a College of Health Sciences, as well as a physician network and a heart institute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States, is a teaching hospital for the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and part of the OSF Healthcare System. The Center, which is the largest hospital in the Peoria metropolitan area and in central Illinois, is designated by the state of Illinois as the Level I adult and pediatric regional trauma center for a 26-county region in mid-Illinois. OSF Saint Francis owns the Children's Hospital of Illinois (though the Hospital has its own President), the OSF Saint Francis Heart Hospital, the Illinois Neurological Institute, and the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, which are all located either in or near the Medical Center. The hospital is a clinical training hospital for many medical students, interns, residents, and fellows of the Peoria campus of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple", "paragraph_text": "Scott & White Medical Center is a 636 - bed multi-specialty teaching hospital located in Temple, Texas. The facility was founded in 1897, when Dr. Arthur C. Scott and Dr. Raleigh R. White, Jr., opened the Temple Sanitarium in Temple, Texas. The group practice consists of over 800 physicians and scientists. The primary clinical teaching campus of Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Scott & White is ranked as one of the top 100 hospitals and one of the top 15 teaching hospitals in the United States by Thomson Reuters. Scott & White's has 31 accredited residency and fellowship programs, including programs in emergency medicine, radiology and offers a well - established and respected chaplain resident program.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Return of a Man Called Horse", "paragraph_text": "The Return of a Man Called Horse is a 1976 American-Mexican western film directed by Irvin Kershner involving a conflict over territory between Sioux Indians and white men. It is the sequel to \"A Man Called Horse\" and it was followed by \"Triumphs of a Man Called Horse\" in 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "NCH Healthcare System", "paragraph_text": "The NCH Healthcare System is a not-for-profit, multi-facility healthcare system located in Naples, Florida, United States. The anchor of the system is the two hospitals (referred to as the NCH Healthcare System – Downtown Naples Hospital Campus, and the NCH Healthcare System – North Naples Hospital Campus) with a total of 681 beds. The system operates walk-in centers and outpatient rehabilitation facilities in Naples, North Naples, Marco Island, and Bonita Springs. Naples Diagnostic Imaging Center is an affiliate of the system. The system had 32,746 admissions, 89,189 Emergency department visits, 4,291 births, 477 open heart surgeries, 9,493 wellness members, 566 community physicians, and 3,200 employee colleagues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lucy S. Tompkins", "paragraph_text": "Lucy S. Tompkins is a practicing internist, the Lucy Becker Professor of Medicine for infectious diseases at Stanford University, and a professor of microbiology and immunology. Since 1989, she has been the Epidemiologist and Medical Director of the Infection Control and Epidemiology Department for Stanford Hospital. She also has been the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the Stanford School of Medicine since 2001. She has been the recipient of multiple fellowships throughout her career, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Her current research centers around healthcare-related infections and bacterial pathogenesis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico City is home to some of the best private hospitals in the country; Hospital Ángeles, Hospital ABC and Médica Sur to name a few. The national public healthcare institution for private-sector employees, IMSS, has its largest facilities in Mexico City—including the National Medical Center and the La Raza Medical Center—and has an annual budget of over 6 billion pesos. The IMSS and other public health institutions, including the ISSSTE (Public Sector Employees' Social Security Institute) and the National Health Ministry (SSA) maintain large specialty facilities in the city. These include the National Institutes of Cardiology, Nutrition, Psychiatry, Oncology, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, among others.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth is served by Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust and the city's NHS hospital is Derriford Hospital 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The Royal Eye Infirmary is located at Derriford Hospital. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarters are in Exeter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Manipal Hospitals Klang", "paragraph_text": "Manipal Hospitals Klang (MHK) is a modern private medical facility located in Bandar Bukit Tinggi, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Manipal Hospitals Klang (MHK) is part of the Manipal Education and Medical Group (MEMG), a leading healthcare provider with over 2,000 doctors and 15 hospitals globally with 4,900 beds, serving over 2 million patients worldwide with a workforce of 16,500 people. Manipal Hospitals Klang (MHK) provides primary and selected tertiary care services and is associated with over 30 insurance companies in Malaysia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Demographics of New York City", "paragraph_text": "White Americans make up 44.6% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were 3,704,243 White Americans residing in New York City. White Americans of non-Hispanic origin make up 35.1% of the city's population. There are 2,918,976 non-Hispanic whites residing in the city. Much of New York City's European American population consists of individuals of Italian, Irish, German, Russian, Polish, English, and Greek ancestry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Firelands Regional Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "Firelands Regional Medical Center (formerly known as Firelands Community Hospital) is a 227-bed not-for-profit medical center in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. The medical center had 9,678 admissions, 3,162 inpatient procedures, 7,704 outpatient surgeries, and its emergency department had 47,208 visits. Firelands Regional Medical Center is the only hospital in Erie County serving more than 10,000 inpatients and over 45,000 ER patients annually and is the largest year-round employer. The medical center is a level 3 trauma center and accredited by the American Osteopathic Association's Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 12069, "question": "Where is the Triumph Healthcare hospital headquartered?", "answer": "Houston", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 12058, "question": "How much of #1 's population is white?", "answer": "51%", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "History of rail transport in India", "paragraph_text": "India's first railway proposals were made in Madras in 1832. The Red Hill Railway, the country's first train, ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in Madras in 1837. It was hauled by a rotary steam - engine locomotive manufactured by William Avery. Built by Arthur Cotton, the railway was primarily used to transport granite stone for road - building work in Madras. In 1845, the Godavari Dam Construction Railway was built at Dowleswaram in Rajahmundry. Also built by Cotton, it supplied stone for the construction of a dam over the Godavari River.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "It is possible that around 62 million people died in the war; estimates vary greatly. About 60% of all casualties were civilians, who died as a result of disease, starvation, genocide (in particular, the Holocaust), and aerial bombing. The former Soviet Union and China suffered the most casualties. Estimates place deaths in the Soviet Union at around 23 million, while China suffered about 10 million. No country lost a greater portion of its population than Poland: approximately 5.6 million, or 16%, of its pre-war population of 34.8 million died.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "GER Class 127", "paragraph_text": "The GER Class 127 was a class of a solitary experimental 0-6-0 compound steam locomotive built by the Great Eastern Railway at its Stratford Works in 1888. It was rebuilt as a simple locomotive in 1895, and withdrawn in 1913.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "British Rail 18100", "paragraph_text": "British Rail 18100 was a prototype main line gas turbine-electric locomotive built for British Railways in 1951 by Metropolitan-Vickers, Manchester. It had, however, been ordered by the Great Western Railway in the 1940s, but construction was delayed due to World War II. It spent its working life on the Western Region of British Railways, operating express passenger services from Paddington station, London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the \"Rape of Nanking\"). Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army. The total death toll, including estimates made by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, was between 300,000 and 350,000. The city itself was also severely damaged during the massacre. The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate this event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales. The design incorporated a number of important innovations that included using high-pressure steam which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. Trevithick visited the Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dossa Júnior", "paragraph_text": "Dossa Júnior was born in Lisbon, Portugal. In that country he only played with Imortal DC, spending the 2005–06 season in the third division. Subsequently, the 20-year-old moved to Cyprus, signing with Digenis Akritas Morphou in the First Division and suffering team relegation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Railway electrification system", "paragraph_text": "There has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC avoids the electromagnetic radiation inherent with AC, and on a railway this also reduces interference with signalling and communications and mitigates hypothetical EMF risks. DC also avoids the power factor problems of AC. Of particular interest to railroading is that DC can supply constant power with a single ungrounded wire. Constant power with AC requires three-phase transmission with at least two ungrounded wires. Another important consideration is that mains-frequency 3-phase AC must be carefully planned to avoid unbalanced phase loads. Parts of the system are supplied from different phases on the assumption that the total loads of the 3 phases will even out. At the phase break points between regions supplied from different phases, long insulated supply breaks are required to avoid them being shorted by rolling stock using more than one pantograph at a time. A few railroads have tried 3-phase but its substantial complexity has made single-phase standard practice despite the interruption in power flow that occurs twice every cycle. An experimental 6 kV DC railway was built in the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "LMS diesel shunter 7050", "paragraph_text": "LMS diesel shunter 7050 is an experimental 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical shunting locomotive, introduced by the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSR) in 1934 and which remained in service with that railway for six years. It was later acquired for military use and is now preserved at the National Railway Museum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kilburn High Road railway station", "paragraph_text": "Kilburn High Road railway station is a London Overground station on the London Euston to Watford DC Line near the south end of the Kilburn High Road, London NW6 in the London Borough of Camden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Salzwedel station", "paragraph_text": "Salzwedel station was built in 1870 during the construction of the Stendal–Uelzen railway (part of the America Line from Berlin to Bremen and Bremerhaven) by the Magdeburg-Halberstadt Railway Company. Railways formerly ran in seven directions from Salzwedel station or Salzwedel Neustadt station (which lay to the immediate east), as the table below shows. A locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) was built directly next to it in order to service these routes. During the Second World War, the station area was destroyed in an air raid on 22 February 1945, which caused about 300 deaths. Of the seven lines, only the Stendal–Uelzen railway remain. During the division of Germany the line was cut at the border, but continuous operations were restored on 19 December 1999. It has been extensively modernised since reunification and electrified so that it can be used an alternative route for Intercity-Express train from Berlin to Hamburg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Datsun DC-3", "paragraph_text": "The Datsun DC-3 was a lightweight automobile produced by Nissan and sold under the Datsun brand in 1952. The series was a predecessor to the Fairlady sports cars, and succeeded the pre-war Road Star. It was powered by the 860 cc Nissan D10 straight-four engine which produced and could propel the DC-3 to . The side badges read \"Datsun 20\" (\"20\" meaning 20PS). Leaf springs were used in the suspension, and a three-speed manual transmission was specified. Four people could ride in the DC-3. Only 50 DC-3s were ever built; of these, 30 were sold (the remaining cars were converted back into trucks). A variant of the DC-3 was the Datsun 5147 pickup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Keadby railway station", "paragraph_text": "The original Keadby railway station was the eastern-most terminus of the South Yorkshire Railway. The railway, which was extended from Thorne and opened in September 1859 was built without an Act of Parliament, as the railway company owned the canal alongside which they built the line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Northallerton West railway station", "paragraph_text": "Northallerton West is a temporary station built by the Wensleydale Railway as part of plans to link the railway with Northallerton, North Yorkshire, England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Somerset", "paragraph_text": "Many Somerset soldiers died during the First World War, with the Somerset Light Infantry suffering nearly 5,000 casualties. War memorials were put up in most of the county's towns and villages; only nine, described as the Thankful Villages, had none of their residents killed. During the Second World War the county was a base for troops preparing for the D-Day landings. Some of the hospitals which were built for the casualties of the war remain in use. The Taunton Stop Line was set up to repel a potential German invasion. The remains of its pill boxes can still be seen along the coast, and south through Ilminster and Chard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Railway electrification system", "paragraph_text": "In the UK, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway pioneered overhead electrification of its suburban lines in London, London Bridge to Victoria being opened to traffic on 1 December 1909. Victoria to Crystal Palace via Balham and West Norwood opened in May 1911. Peckham Rye to West Norwood opened in June 1912. Further extensions were not made owing to the First World War. Two lines opened in 1925 under the Southern Railway serving Coulsdon North and Sutton railway station. The lines were electrified at 6.7 kV 25 Hz. It was announced in 1926 that all lines were to be converted to DC third rail and the last overhead electric service ran in September 1929.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Railway electrification system", "paragraph_text": "Railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit (subways) and trams. Speed was controlled by connecting the traction motors in various series-parallel combinations, by varying the traction motors' fields, and by inserting and removing starting resistances to limit motor current.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Where the Corpses Sink Forever", "paragraph_text": "Where the Corpses Sink Forever is the third studio album by the Dutch symphonic black metal band Carach Angren. It was released on May 18, 2012 via Season of Mist. The concept of this album is not about a Dutch urban legend or ghost stories, like the previous two albums, but it deals with war. The album contains references to World Wars I and II, as well as the Vietnam War. The first track is a tape recording of a soldier who was ordered to shoot seven prisoners of war, and each shot can be heard. The soldier explains the strange and wicked sensations he felt as he shot each of the prisoners; they were grinning happily as he tried to kill them, and it seemed like the shots went through them, but they were actually demons who captured the soldier's soul in a time loop, making him suffer for eternity. Many of the songs in this album describe the deeds of each of the seven fiends; death, war, suffering.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrived to fortify Washington, DC, President Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying \"Thank God for Michigan!\" George Armstrong Custer led the Michigan Brigade during the Civil War and called them the \"Wolverines\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 32290, "question": "Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built?", "answer": "the Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 33301, "question": "How many deaths did #1 suffer in the war?", "answer": "23 million", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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