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gabrielaltay

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pubtator-central-bigbio-kb-2022-12-18

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[ { "id": "31568720_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Unraveling the Origin of the Apparent Charge of Zwitterionic Lipid Layers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 74 ] ] }, { "id": "31568720_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The structure of water molecules in contact with zwitterionic lipid molecules is of great biological relevance, because biological membranes are largely composed of such lipids. The interaction of the interfacial water molecules with the amphiphilic lipid molecules drives the formation of membranes and greatly influences various processes at the membrane surface, as the field that arises from the aligned interfacial water molecules masks the charges of the lipid headgroups from the approaching metabolites. To increase our understanding of the influence of water molecules on biological processes we study their structure at the interface using sum-frequency generation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Interestingly, we find that water molecules at zwitterionic lipid molecules are mainly oriented by the field arising between the two oppositely charged molecular moieties within the lipid headgroups." ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 998 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31568720_MESH:D008055_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D014867_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D008055_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D008055_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 251 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D014867_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D008055_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D014867_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D008055_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D014867_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 642 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D014867_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 832 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "31568720_MESH:D008055_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 864 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14009956_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Some features of cytochemistry of tumour cell nuclei." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "14009956_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 54 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14009956_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumour" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24335559_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Global warming alters sound transmission: differential impact on the prey detection ability of echolocating bats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "24335559_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Climate change impacts the biogeography and phenology of plants and animals, yet the underlying mechanisms are little known. Here, we present a functional link between rising temperature and the prey detection ability of echolocating bats. The maximum distance for echo-based prey detection is physically determined by sound attenuation. Attenuation is more pronounced for high-frequency sound, such as echolocation, and is a nonlinear function of both call frequency and ambient temperature. Hence, the prey detection ability, and thus possibly the foraging efficiency, of echolocating bats and susceptible to rising temperatures through climate change. Using present-day climate data and projected temperature rises, we modelled this effect for the entire range of bat call frequencies and climate zones around the globe. We show that depending on call frequency, the prey detection volume of bats will either decrease or increase: species calling above a crossover frequency will lose and species emitting lower frequencies will gain prey detection volume, with crossover frequency and magnitude depending on the local climatic conditions. Within local species assemblages, this may cause a change in community composition. Global warming can thus directly affect the prey detection ability of individual bats and indirectly their interspecific interactions with competitors and prey." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 1501 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12798889_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed in human fibroblasts isolated from intraperitoneal adhesions but not from normal peritoneal tissues." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 130 ] ] }, { "id": "12798889_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the COX-2 gene is expressed in human fibroblasts isolated from normal peritoneal and adhesion tissues. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING: University medical center. PATIENT(S): Five patients undergoing laparotomy for pelvic pain. Primary cultures of fibroblasts were taken from both peritoneum and adhesion tissues. INTERVENTION(S): Hypoxia treatment of the primary cultured fibroblasts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We used the multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry techniques to determine whether COX-2 mRNA and its protein were present in normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts from the same patients. Total RNA was extracted from cultured fibroblasts and subjected to multiplex RT-PCR to detect the presence of COX-2 mRNA in these cells. Cultured fibroblasts from all tissues were also fixed on slides and stained with COX-2 monoclonal antibody labeled with immunofluorescence. RESULT(S): COX-2 mRNA and its protein were absent in normal peritoneal fibroblasts from all five subjects but were present in adhesion fibroblasts from the same patients, as indicated by the multiplex RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. Hypoxia treatment significantly induced the mRNA and COX-2 protein levels in normal peritoneal fibroblasts to levels seen in adhesion fibroblasts under normoxic conditions. However, hypoxia had no effects on COX-2 expression by adhesion fibroblasts. CONCLUSION(S): Adhesion fibroblasts develop a specific phenotype, an adhesion phenotype, which is in part characterized by the expression of COX-2. The expression of COX-2 mRNA in adhesion fibroblasts and the induction of COX-2 in peritoneal fibroblasts in response to hypoxia indicate a possible inflammatory response. Regulation of COX-2 may alter peritoneal healing and may provide the opportunity to reduce postoperative adhesion development." ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 2052 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12798889_5743_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Cyclooxygenase-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5743" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 38 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PATIENT" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_MESH:D017699_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pelvic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017699" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_MESH:D000860_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hypoxia" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 517 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 729 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 832 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1122, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_MESH:D000860_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hypoxia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1356, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_MESH:D000860_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1564, 1569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1747, 1752 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1772, 1777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1828, 1833 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_MESH:D000860_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1875, 1882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "12798889_4513_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1940, 1945 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4513" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10096474_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Calcium phosphate-mediated transfection of primary cultured brain neurons using GFP expression as a marker: application for single neuron electrophysiology." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 156 ] ] }, { "id": "10096474_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We investigated the efficiency of transfecting primary cultured rat postnatal brain neurons (substantia nigra pars compacta neurons and locus coeruleus neurons) with cDNA encoding GFP (jellyfish green fluorescent protein) using a calcium phosphate method. The proportion of transfected neurons (transfection efficiency) was approximately 5%, when cultures from the substantia nigra pars compacta were transfected 3 days after plating. The transfection efficiency decreased when cultures were transfected 10 days after plating (1.7%). Neurons were cotransfected at a very high probability ( > 78%) with the muscarinic m2-receptor cDNAs together with GFP plasmids. Transfected neurons were very healthy as indicated by the zero-current potential and the microscopical appearance. Because the transfection efficiency is low, this method cannot be used for experiments involving the whole cell population. The transfection efficiency of 1.7% corresponded to approximately 20 transfected cells per dish in our culture conditions and these cells are sufficient in number for electrophysiological studies. Therefore, this is an excellent method for studying the influence of exogenous genes on single neurons using electrophysiological techniques." ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 1397 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10096474_MESH:C020243_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Calcium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C020243" } ] }, { "id": "10096474_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 224 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "10096474_MESH:C020243_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C020243" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4400841_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Substrate binding and reaction intermediates of glutamine synthetase (Escherichia coli W) as studied by isotope exchanges." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "4400841_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 123 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4400841_566546_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli W" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "566546" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1739501_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A dental health education programme, including home visits, for nursery school children." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "1739501_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of three preventive programmes by measuring changes in oral hygiene, gingivitis and the uptake of dental care of nursery school and young primary school children living in areas of urban deprivation. The oral hygiene and gingivitis of a group of children who brushed their teeth daily at school improved during the study, but deteriorated during the summer holiday. A second group of children also brushed their teeth at school, and in addition their parents were given dental health education by a dental hygienist at home. Parents of a third group of children were given dental health education only at home. The oral hygiene and gingivitis of both the second and third groups improved and was maintained during the school holiday. The preventive programmes had little effect on the uptake of dental care in any of the study groups." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 978 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1739501_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_MESH:D005891_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gingivitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005891" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 305 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_MESH:D012892_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "urban deprivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012892" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_MESH:D005891_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gingivitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 375 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005891" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1739501_MESH:D005891_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gingivitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 786 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005891" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29057309_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Direct pro-apoptotic role for NPM1 as a regulator of PIDDosome formation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "29057309_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Despite being frequently mutated or deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and many other cancers, the mechanisms by which nucleophosmin (NPM1) regulates oncogenesis remain elusive. We found that NPM1 plays a direct and conserved role in DNA damage-induced assembly of the PIDDosome complex, the activating platform for caspase-2. This function is carried in the nucleolus and is essential for caspase-2-mediated apoptosis in response to a variety of DNA injuries." ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 543 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29057309_4869_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPM1" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4869" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_MESH:D015470_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute myeloid leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015470" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_MESH:D015470_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AML" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015470" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_MESH:D009369_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_4869_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "nucleophosmin" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 215 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4869" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_4869_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPM1" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4869" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_4869_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPM1" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4869" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_835_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "835" } ] }, { "id": "29057309_835_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 482 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "835" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20398579_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Help patients with chronic kidney disease stave off dialysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "20398579_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 62 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20398579_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20398579_MESH:D051436_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic kidney disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D051436" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7462610_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pulmonary uptake and amounts of solvents metabolized at different physical loads." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "7462610_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Biological exposure tests are commonly based on the assumption that the total metabolized amount of a solvent is proportional to its pulmonary uptake during exposure. Equations resulting from the suggested model of pulmonary uptake of a solvent, its bio-transformation and postexposure elimination by exspiration allow to analyze the effect of physical load [during and after exposure] on this proportionality. Physical load is characterized by alveolar ventilation, cardiac output and perfusion redistribution. Within the usually occurring range of mean minute ventilations the expected proportionality between the total metabolized and absorbed amount is justified for solvents with the metabolic clearance M greater than 20 1. min-1." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 818 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7462610_MESH:D016534_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac output" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016534" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5853668_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Remote control electrohydraulic operating table for orthopedic surgery, traumatology and making of plaster casts]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 115 ] ] }, { "id": "5853668_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 116 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32320958_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Exhaled volatile organic compounds analysis by e-nose can detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 95 ] ] }, { "id": "32320958_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The current diagnostic work-up and monitoring of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is often invasive and time consuming. Breath analysis by e-nose technology has shown potential in the diagnosis of numerous respiratory diseases. In this pilot study, we investigated whether exhaled breath analysis by an e-nose could discriminate among patients with IPF, healthy controls and COPD. Second, we verified whether these classification could be repeated in a set of newly recruited patients as external validation. Third, we evaluated any significant relationships between exhaled VOCs and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in IPF patients. We enrolled 32 patients with well-characterized IPF, 33 individuals with COPD and 36 healthy controls. An electronic nose (Cyranose 320) was used to analyze exhaled breath samples. Raw data were processed by Principal component reduction and linear discriminant analysis. External validation in newly recruited patients (10 IPF, 10 COPD and 10 controls) was tested using the previous training set. Exhaled VOC-profiles of patients with IPF were distinct from those of healthy controls (CVA = 98.5%) as well as those with COPD (CVA = 80.0%). External validation confirmed the above findings (IPF vs COPD vs healthy controls, CVA 96.7%). Moreover, a significant inversely proportional correlation was shown between BALF total cell count and both Principal Components 1 and 2 (r = 0.543, r2 = 0.295, p < 0.01; r = 0.501, r2 = 0.251; p < 0.01, respectively). The exhaled breath Volatile Organic Compounds- profile of patients with IPF can be detected by an electronic nose. This suggests that breath analysis has potential for diagnosis and/or monitoring of IPF." ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 1796 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D012140_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "respiratory diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012140" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D029424_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D029424" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 759 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 787 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D029424_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 813 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D029424" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cyranose 320" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 871 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D029424_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D029424" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D029424_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D029424" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D029424_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1336, 1340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D029424" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D004417_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breath Volatile" ], "offsets": [ [ 1605, 1620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004417" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1651, 1659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1665, 1668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "32320958_MESH:D054990_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1792, 1795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22374300_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Modelling aerobic biodegradation in vertical flow sand filters: impact of operational considerations on oxygen transfer and bacterial activity." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 143 ] ] }, { "id": "22374300_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Oxygen renewal, as a prominent phenomenon for aerobic bacterial activity, deeply impacts Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) treatment efficiency. We introduce a multiphase model able to simulate multi-component transfer in VFCWs. It is based on a two-phase flow module, and a transport module. The flow module can quantify both water and air velocities throughout the filter during operation. The reactive transport module follows dissolved and gaseous oxygen concentrations, and the transport of solutes such as ammonium and readily biodegradable COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The consumption of components is governed by Monod-type kinetics. Heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, which are responsible for COD and ammonium degradation respectively, are part of the model components. The kinetics are based on the Constructed Wetlands Model 1. The results from the simulation tool were compared with existing experimental data, and two kinds of operation with VFCWs were investigated. The authors show strong interplay between oxygen renewal and bacterial consumption in case of sequential batch feeding with transient flooding of surface. Oxygen renewal is essentially convection mediated in such operation, while convection is not significant in non-flooding operation. Simulated bacterial patterns are impacted by the operation, both quantitatively and spatially. From a modelling point of view, the authors highlight some limitations of the biological model: the description of bacterial lysis processes needs to be enhanced, as well as ammonium adsorption to organic matter." ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 1732 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22374300_MESH:D010100_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D010100_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D014867_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D010100_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 603, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D064751_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ammonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064751" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D010100_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 718 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D064751_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ammonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 876 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064751" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D010100_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D010100_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "22374300_MESH:D064751_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ammonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1694, 1702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064751" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34811801_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Trait groups as management entities in a complex, multi-species reef fishery." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "34811801_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Localised stressors compound the ongoing climate-driven decline of coral reefs, requiring natural resource managers to work within rapidly shifting paradigms. Trait-based adaptive management (TBAM) is a new framework to help address changing conditions by choosing and implementing management actions specific to species groups that share key traits, vulnerabilities, and management responses. TBAM balances maintenance of functioning ecosystems with provisioning for human subsistence and livelihoods. We first identified trait-based groups of food fish in a Pacific coral reef with hierarchical clustering. Positing that trait-based groups performing comparable functions respond similarly to both stressors and management actions, we ascertained biophysical and socio-economic drivers of trait-group biomass and evaluated their vulnerabilities with generalised additive models. Clustering identified seven trait groups from 131 species. Groups responded to different drivers and displayed divergent vulnerabilities, with human activities emerging as important predictors of community structuring. Biomass of small, solitary reef-associated species increased with distance from key fishing ports, and large, solitary piscivores exhibited a decline in biomass with distance from a port. Group biomass also varied in response to different habitat types, the presence or absence of reported dynamite fishing activity and wave energy exposure. The differential vulnerabilities of trait groups reveal how food fish community structure is driven by different aspects of resource use and habitat. This inherent variability in the responses of trait-based groups presents opportunities to apply selective trait-based adaptive management strategies for complex, multi-species fisheries. This approach can be widely adjusted to suit local contexts and priorities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved." ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 1994 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34811801_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TBAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 476 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34811801_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34811801_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6858050_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[X-ray pattern of metastatic tumors of subcutaneous fat]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 57 ] ] }, { "id": "6858050_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The results of X-ray examination of 33 cases of metastases of different malignant tumors into subcutaneous fat are analysed. Such metastases appear in radiographs as single or multiple nodes of a density comparable with that of muscular tissue. They have a homogenous structure and a regular round shape with contours which may be indistinct in some areas. There are dilated vessels at tumor poles. Differential diagnosis between sarcoma, benign tumor and non-tumor process is discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 545 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6858050_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "6858050_MESH:D009362_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] }, { "id": "6858050_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignant tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 146 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "6858050_MESH:D009362_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] }, { "id": "6858050_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "6858050_MESH:D012509_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012509" } ] }, { "id": "6858050_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "benign tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "6858050_MESH:D009369_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 523 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33068390_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A Case of Critical Lower-Limb Ischemia in a 29-Year-Old Man with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1 (APS-1)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 114 ] ] }, { "id": "33068390_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is an extremely rare autoimmune disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Its manifestations present in chronological sequence of the components mucocutaneous candidiasis, Addison disease, and hypoparathyroidism. Vascular calcification is a very rare manifestation of the disease, and it may be severe, causing critical lower-limb ischemia and significant morbidity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case to be reported in Jordan and the Arab region. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 29-year-old patient diagnosed with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1). He has Addison disease, hypoparathyroidism, and mucocutaneous candidiasis. He presented with features of critical lower-limb ischemia and bacterial infection of the left foot. The patient underwent a successful angioplasty, and received management of his bacterial and fungal infections and the chronic endocrinopathies. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a very rare disorder. Recognizing its syndromic nature will facilitate an active search for the component diseases and the possible complications, which would allow early diagnosis and management. This applies to the rare vascular complications, which can lead to significant morbidity." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 1455 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33068390_MESH:D016638_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Critical Lower-Limb Ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 38 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016638" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "APS-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "APS-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D001327_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autoimmune disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 215 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001327" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D002177_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "candidiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 361 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002177" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D000224_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Addison disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000224" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D007011_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007011" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D061205_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Vascular calcification" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D061205" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D007511_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lower-limb ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 718 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 774 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "APS-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D000224_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Addison disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 806 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000224" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D007011_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007011" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D002177_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "candidiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 857 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002177" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D007511_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lower-limb ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 917 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D001424_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001424" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 964, 971 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D007239_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:C567425_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "endocrinopathies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C567425" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_326_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "APS-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "326" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:D035583_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rare disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D035583" } ] }, { "id": "33068390_MESH:C565165_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "component diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C565165" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "330478_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Amygdalin (Laetrile) and veterinary medicine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "330478_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 46 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "330478_MESH:D000678_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Laetrile" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000678" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28453715_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The inequity of inpatient services in rural areas and the New-Type Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS) in China: repeated cross sectional analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 152 ] ] }, { "id": "28453715_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Objective : The main aim of the New-type Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS) put into effect in 2003 was to reduce financial barriers in accessing health care services among vulnerable populations. The aim of this study was to assess the association between NRCMS and income related inequality in hospital utilization among rural inhabitants in Jiangxi Province, China. Methods : A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1838, 1879, and 1890 households as participants in 2003/2004, 2008 and 2014, respectively. The Erreygers Concentration index (EI) of two measures of hospital inpatient care including admission to hospital and hospital avoidance, were calculated to measure income-related inequality. The decomposition of the EI was performed to characterize the contributions of socioeconomic and need factors to the measured inequality. Results : An affluent-focused (pro-rich) inequity was observed for hospital admission adjusting for need factors over time. The level of inequity for hospital admission decreased dramatically, while hospital avoidance decreased marginally, and with a high value (EI, -0.0176) in 2008. The implementation of the NRCMS was associated with decreased inequity in 2008 and in 2014, but the associations were limited. Income contributed the most to the inequality of hospital utilization each year. Conclusion : The coverage of the NRCMS expanded to cover nearly all rural inhabitants in Jiangxi province by 2014 and was associated with a very small reduction in inequalities in admission to hospital. In order to increase equitable access to health care, additional financial protections for vulnerable populations are needed. Improving the relatively low level of medical services in township hospitals, and low rate of reimbursement and financial assistance with the NRCMS is recommended." ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 2021 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28453715_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35938967_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Toe-lift test: a novel, simple and noninvasive in vivo method for contractile evaluation of tibialis anterior muscle." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "35938967_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle has frequently been used for scientific experiments, particularly for muscle contractile assays, because of its anatomical advantages. However, classical evaluation methods for the TA muscle, such as EMG and force transducer, require experimental skills to acquire reliable results. Furthermore, because sacrificing experimental animals is usually indispensable for both methods, sequential observations cannot be performed. Therefore, developing a simple, objective, and animal friendly evaluation system was warranted. In this article, we introduce a novel, simple, and noninvasive in vivo evaluation method for the TA muscle called the toe-lift test (TLT), which is not only easy to perform but also capable of detecting contractile strength precisely. Because the TLT does not require experimental animal sacrifice, performing assessments over time, such as in sequential observation, is possible. This novel method represents a solution to the need for a simple, noninvasive, and effective method for TA muscle contractile evaluation." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1187 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21504763_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The genetics of colored sequence synesthesia: suggestive evidence of linkage to 16q and genetic heterogeneity for the condition." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] }, { "id": "21504763_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Synesthesia is a perceptual condition in which sensory stimulation triggers anomalous sensory experiences. In colored sequence synesthesia (CSS), color experiences are triggered by sequences such as letters or numbers. We performed a family based linkage analysis to identify genetic loci responsible for the increased neural crosstalk underlying CSS. Our results implicate a 23 MB region at 16q12.2-23.1, providing the first step in understanding the molecular basis of CSS." ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 604 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21504763_16_0", "type": "Chromosome", "text": [ "16q12.2-23.1" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 533 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "16" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19090344_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Oral contraceptive-induced high blood pressure is prevented by renin-angiotensin suppression in female rats but not by sympathetic nervous system blockade." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 155 ] ] }, { "id": "19090344_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The use of oral contraceptive (OC) steroids is associated with high blood pressure, although mechanisms responsible are still unclear. This study sought to investigate the possible roles that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) may play in the development of OC-induced hypertension. Administration of OC led to significant increases in blood pressure, heart weight and significant decrease in urinary output in OC-treated and OC+clonidine-treated groups but not in OC+captopril-treated group. The pressor response to angiostensin II was significantly greater in the OC-treated rats than in the control rats. However, the pressor responses induced by norepinephrine were not significantly affected by OC administration. The results of the present study demonstrate that OC-induced high blood pressure is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, enhanced pressor response to angiotensin II and preserved pressor response to sympathetic activation. The study also suggests that the development of the OC-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by RAS, but not by SNS." ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 1266 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19090344_10116_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D013256_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D006973_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D003000_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 627 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003000" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D002216_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "captopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002216" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "angiostensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_10116_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 770 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_10116_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D009638_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 853 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D006332_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006332" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_24179_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D006973_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "19090344_MESH:D006332_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006332" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29710984_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A Polymer-Supported Phosphazine as a Stable and Practical Reagent in the Three-Component Synthesis of Substituted (Cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylrhenium Complexes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 161 ] ] }, { "id": "29710984_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A very stable heterogenized difunctional cyclopentadienyl-ring precursor, storable under ambient conditions, readily participates in the simultaneous formation of a eta5 bond with a [fac-Re(CO)3 ]+ species and a sigma bond with heteroatom (halides, carboxylates) or carbon nucleophiles (boronic acids) to produce halo-, acyloxy-, or carbon-substituted cyclopentadienyl-Re(CO)3 complexes in a one-pot reaction in yields of between 41 and 71 % [Eq. (1)]. No catalyst is required and unprotected (usually) sensitive functional groups are well tolerated." ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 712 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29710984_MESH:D011108_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Polymer" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011108" } ] }, { "id": "29710984_MESH:C008880_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Phosphazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C008880" } ] }, { "id": "29710984_MESH:C116454_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "(Cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylrhenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C116454" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28385471_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Differentiation of Inflammatory from Fibrotic Ileal Strictures among Patients with Crohn's Disease through Analysis of Time-Intensity Curves Obtained after Microbubble Contrast Agent Injection." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 193 ] ] }, { "id": "28385471_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The aim of the study described here was to assess whether the analysis of time-intensity curves obtained after microbubble contrast agent injection could differentiate inflammatory from fibrotic ileal strictures among patients with Crohn's disease. Sixty-five consecutive patients (40 male and 25 female; mean age +- SD, 42.2 +- 12.22 y) with stricture of the terminal ileal loop from Crohn's disease were scanned after microbubble injection. Time-intensity curves were obtained from quantitative analysis, and peak enhancement, rise time, time to peak, area under the time-intensity curve (AUC), AUC during wash-in (AUCWI) and AUC during wash-out (AUCWO) were compared between patients with inflammatory strictures and patients with fibrotic strictures. Inflammatory (n = 40) and fibrotic (n = 25) strictures differed (p < 0.05) in peak enhancement, wash-in rate, wash-in perfusion index, AUC, AUCWI and AUCWO. The quantitative analysis of small bowel wall contrast enhancement after microbubble contrast agent injection may differentiate inflammatory from fibrotic ileal strictures in patients with Crohn's disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 1311 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28385471_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_MESH:D003424_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Crohn's Disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003424" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 420 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_MESH:D003424_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Crohn's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003424" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_MESH:D003424_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Crohn's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003424" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 880 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 922 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28385471_MESH:D003424_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Crohn's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1295, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003424" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23430464_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Malnourished children in refugee camps and lack of connection with services after US resettlement." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "23430464_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Identifying and addressing malnutrition among US-bound refugee children is an important human rights issue. Failure to address childhood malnutrition can impair cognitive development and productivity. The target population was children aged 6-59 months, originating from eight countries representing 51 % of US-resettled refugees for 2005-2011, living in 22 camps prior to potential US-resettlement. The corresponding camp-level nutritional survey data were evaluated. State Refugee Health Coordinators were surveyed on nutritional assessment, reporting and referrals for their US-refugee medical screenings. From 2004 to 2010, half of the camps (63 total surveys) had global acute malnutrition prevalence over 15 % at least once (surveys not done annually) and anemia prevalence greater than 40 %. The majority of US-refugee medical screenings included height and weight measurements but few used national or WHO standards to evaluate presence or level of malnutrition. Improve overseas camp monitoring and link these nutritional data to US-resettling refugee children to inform potential nutritional interventions. Domestically, use WHO or US growth standards for anthropometrics to determine presence of malnutrition and need for corrective action." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 1350 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23430464_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23430464_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23430464_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23430464_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23430464_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "camp" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "23430464_MESH:D000740_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 867 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000740" } ] }, { "id": "23430464_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "camp" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "23430464_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7718547_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Both raw and retrograded starch decrease serum triacylglycerol concentration and fat accretion in the rat." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "7718547_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Male Wistar rats were meal-fed on diets containing various amounts of resistant starch in the form of raw starch (either amylomaize starch, potato starch or modified high-amylose starch) or retrograded starch (prepared from each of the starches) for 6 weeks. Two diets containing normal maize starch were fed as diets poor in resistant starch. Energy absorption (energy consumption minus faecal energy loss), growth, weight of the epididymal fat pads, serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations and a number of intestinal and faecal variables were determined. The resistant starches affected all the variables determined except the serum total cholesterol concentration. Relationships were found between energy absorption and both growth and the weight of the fat pads, and between the weight of the fat pads and both the serum triacylglycerol concentration and the serum total cholesterol concentration. No clear differences between the effects of the two types of resistant starch (raw starch v. retrograded starch) were found except that raw potato starch hardly stimulated H2 excretion and led to lower amounts of propionic and butyric acids in the caecal contents than the other starches. The results suggest that dietary resistant starch reduces energy absorption leading to less abdominal depot fat and lower serum triacylglycerol concentrations." ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 1476 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D014280_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triacylglycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014280" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_83720_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fat" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83720" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Wistar rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 245 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_4113_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "potato" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 253 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4113" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D000688_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amylose" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000688" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starches" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_4577_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "maize" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 399 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4577" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D004823_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epididymal" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 548 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004823" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_83720_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fat" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83720" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D002784_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 582 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002784" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D014280_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triacylglycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014280" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D002784_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002784" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_83720_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fat" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 886 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83720" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_83720_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fat" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 926 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83720" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D014280_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triacylglycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014280" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D002784_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002784" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_4113_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "potato" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4113" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D003903_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D002087_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "butyric acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002087" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starches" ], "offsets": [ [ 1307, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D013213_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013213" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_83720_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83720" } ] }, { "id": "7718547_MESH:D014280_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triacylglycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1445, 1460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014280" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9035445_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Pubertal development after pediatric heart transplantation]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "9035445_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Twenty-one children and adolescents underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation at the Hopital Sainte-Justine between July 1984 and June 1993. Of those patients, 16 (4 girls and 12 boys) who survived more than one year after the procedure were followed prospectively for documentation of onset and progression of puberty. The immunosuppressive therapy included cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone. Subjects were evaluated at 6 month intervals for the study of: pubertal development according to staging by the method of Marshall and Tanner and hormonal profile (FSH, LH, testosterone, DHEAS). Despite a stagnation of pubertal signs before surgery, puberty carried on and progressed normally postoperatively. The urinary levels of gonadotropins rose to adequate levels for age. Testosterone levels in boys were related to the progression of secondary sexual characteristics. Levels of DHEAS were drastically reduced, most likely because of the supraphysiological doses of oral glucocorticoids. Our results indicate that after pediatric heart transplantation, puberty progresses normally at adolescence." ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 1170 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9035445_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_MESH:D016572_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_MESH:D001379_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001379" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_MESH:D011241_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011241" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_MESH:D013739_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "testosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013739" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_MESH:D003687_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DHEAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003687" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_MESH:D013739_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Testosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013739" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 873 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9035445_MESH:D003687_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DHEAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 958 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003687" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11343061_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Medial medullary injury during adenoidectomy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "11343061_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We report medullary injury during adenoidectomy in two children who received injections of local anesthetic agents into the operative bed. Initial manifestations included hemiparesis, nystagmus, and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hemorrhagic, paramedian medullary lesions in both patients. The mechanism of injury is likely to be injection of fluid into the medulla." ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 423 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11343061_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11343061_MESH:D010291_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemiparesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010291" } ] }, { "id": "11343061_MESH:D009759_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nystagmus" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009759" } ] }, { "id": "11343061_MESH:D001259_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ataxia" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 251 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001259" } ] }, { "id": "11343061_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 345 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23429442_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "High expression of the \"A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease\" 19 (ADAM19), a sheddase for TNF-alpha in the mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 156 ] ] }, { "id": "23429442_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a major role in the tissue-damaging immune response in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The tissue concentration of TNF-alpha is related to the activity of \"A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease\" (ADAMs), enzymes that process membrane-bound TNF-alpha and liberate the TNF-alpha trimer into the extracellular environment. Although IBD-related inflammation is associated with high ADAM17 levels, the contribution of other members of the ADAMs family is not known. In this study, we characterized the expression of other TNF-alpha convertases (i.e., ADAM9, ADAM10, and ADAM19) in IBD. METHODS: Normal and IBD biopsies were examined for the content of ADAMs by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. ADAM19 was also analyzed in intestinal epithelial cells and normal colonic explants stimulated with inflammatory cytokines and in ex vivo biopsies taken from IBD patients before and after a successful infliximab treatment. RESULTS: ADAM19 RNA transcripts and protein were upregulated in patients with ulcerative colitis and, to a lesser extent, in patients with Crohn's disease compared with normal controls. In contrast, ADAM9 and ADAM10 expression did not differ between patients with IBD and controls. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that epithelial cells were the major source of ADAM19 in IBD. ADAM19 expression was increased in colonic epithelial cell lines and normal colonic explants by TNF-alpha, interleukin 21 and interleukin 6, and was downregulated in IBD tissue by infliximab. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the existence of a positive feedback mechanism involving cytokines and ADAM19 that can amplify cytokine production in IBD." ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 1904 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23429442_8728_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "\"A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease\" 19" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8728_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM19" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammatory bowel diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Tumor necrosis factor alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammatory bowel diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 343 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 491 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D007249_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_6868_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM17" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 599 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6868" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 741 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8754_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM9" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 766 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8754" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_102_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM10" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 774 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "102" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8728_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM19" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 786 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 794 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 819 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8728_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM19" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 957 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D000069285_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "infliximab" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8728_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D003093_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ulcerative colitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003093" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1299, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D003424_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Crohn's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003424" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8754_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM9" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8754" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_102_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "102" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8728_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1549, 1552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8728_36", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1560 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_7124_37", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1650, 1659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_59067_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin 21" ], "offsets": [ [ 1661, 1675 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "59067" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_3569_39", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin 6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1680, 1693 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_40", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1720, 1723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D000069285_41", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "infliximab" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1744 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_8728_42", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1853, 1859 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8728" } ] }, { "id": "23429442_MESH:D015212_43", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1900, 1903 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32781795_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Multimodal Brain Tumor Classification Using Deep Learning and Robust Feature Selection: A Machine Learning Application for Radiologists." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] }, { "id": "32781795_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Manual identification of brain tumors is an error-prone and tedious process for radiologists; therefore, it is crucial to adopt an automated system. The binary classification process, such as malignant or benign is relatively trivial; whereas, the multimodal brain tumors classification (T1, T2, T1CE, and Flair) is a challenging task for radiologists. Here, we present an automated multimodal classification method using deep learning for brain tumor type classification. The proposed method consists of five core steps. In the first step, the linear contrast stretching is employed using edge-based histogram equalization and discrete cosine transform (DCT). In the second step, deep learning feature extraction is performed. By utilizing transfer learning, two pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models, namely VGG16 and VGG19, were used for feature extraction. In the third step, a correntropy-based joint learning approach was implemented along with the extreme learning machine (ELM) for the selection of best features. In the fourth step, the partial least square (PLS)-based robust covariant features were fused in one matrix. The combined matrix was fed to ELM for final classification. The proposed method was validated on the BraTS datasets and an accuracy of 97.8%, 96.9%, 92.5% for BraTs2015, BraTs2017, and BraTs2018, respectively, was achieved." ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 1508 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32781795_MESH:D001932_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Brain Tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001932" } ] }, { "id": "32781795_MESH:D001932_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001932" } ] }, { "id": "32781795_MESH:D001932_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001932" } ] }, { "id": "32781795_MESH:D001932_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 588 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001932" } ] }, { "id": "32781795_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15210571_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Patients' evaluation of informed consent to postponed information: cohort study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 80 ] ] }, { "id": "15210571_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 81 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15210571_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21790903_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Further evidence for association of polymorphisms in the CNR1 gene with cocaine addiction: confirmation in an independent sample and meta-analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 147 ] ] }, { "id": "21790903_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Genetic research on cocaine dependence (CD) may help clarify our understanding of the disorder as well as provide insights for effective treatment. As endocannabinoid signaling and dopamine neurotransmission have been shown to be involved in drug reward, genes related to these systems are plausible candidates for susceptibility to CD. The cannabinoid receptor 1 protein regulates both the endocannabinoid and dopaminergic neurobiological systems, and polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor gene, CNR1, have been associated previously with substance dependence. In this study, we attempt to replicate findings associating CNR1 with CD in African Americans. Cocaine-addicted individuals (n=860) and unaffected controls (n=334) of African descent were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CNR1 (rs6454674, rs806368). We observed a significant difference in genotype frequencies between cases and controls for both SNPs (P<=0.042). A meta-analysis was also performed combining our data with that of Zuo et al. who also studied these polymorphisms in African American cocaine addicts (total n=1253 cases versus 543 controls). When our data were combined, rs6454674 increased in significance to P=0.027; however, rs806368 was no longer significant. This study confirms the association between rs6454674 and CD. However, because there is considerable co-morbidity of CD with other drugs of abuse, additional studies are necessary to determine whether polymorphisms in CNR1 induce a general susceptibility to substance dependence or are specific to cocaine addiction. Furthermore, as this population consists of American individuals of African descent, the possibility of population stratification should not be excluded." ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 1889 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21790903_1268_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CNR1" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1268" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_MESH:D003042_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 79 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_MESH:D003042_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_MESH:D004298_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 337 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_1268_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cannabinoid receptor 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 511 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1268" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_1268_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CNR1" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1268" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_1268_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CNR1" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1268" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_MESH:D003042_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 816 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_1268_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CNR1" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1268" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_tmVar:rs6454674;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:6454674;CorrespondingSpecies:9606_9", "type": "SNP", "text": [ "rs6454674" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 977 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "tmVar:rs6454674;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:6454674;CorrespondingSpecies:9606" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_tmVar:rs806368;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:806368;CorrespondingSpecies:9606_10", "type": "SNP", "text": [ "rs806368" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "tmVar:rs806368;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:806368;CorrespondingSpecies:9606" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_MESH:D019970_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cocaine addicts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019970" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_tmVar:rs6454674;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:6454674;CorrespondingSpecies:9606_12", "type": "SNP", "text": [ "rs6454674" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "tmVar:rs6454674;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:6454674;CorrespondingSpecies:9606" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_tmVar:rs806368;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:806368;CorrespondingSpecies:9606_13", "type": "SNP", "text": [ "rs806368" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "tmVar:rs806368;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:806368;CorrespondingSpecies:9606" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_tmVar:rs6454674;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:6454674;CorrespondingSpecies:9606_14", "type": "SNP", "text": [ "rs6454674" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "tmVar:rs6454674;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:1268;RS#:6454674;CorrespondingSpecies:9606" } ] }, { "id": "21790903_1268_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CNR1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1637, 1641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1268" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33471326_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Genotype-Independent Regeneration and Transformation Protocol for Rice Cultivars." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "33471326_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Developing an efficient and reproducible plant transformation protocol relies on callus induction and plant regeneration, which is prerequisite for genetic enhancement of crops, especially rice. The present study has been carried out in order to establish a genotype-independent regeneration and biolistic transformation protocol for rice varieties. Putative transgenic rice lines were confirmed by PCR analysis, DNA sequencing, and Southern analysis. The transformation protocol reported here is relatively simple and consistent and can be exploited in future biotechnological investigations particularly for gene transformation studies." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 720 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33471326_4530_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Rice" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4530" } ] }, { "id": "33471326_4530_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rice" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4530" } ] }, { "id": "33471326_4530_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rice" ], "offsets": [ [ 416, 420 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4530" } ] }, { "id": "33471326_4530_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rice" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 456 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4530" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33629882_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The association between depressive symptoms and neurocognitive impairment in people with well-treated HIV in Switzerland." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "33629882_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Depression may contribute to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). Attributing NCI to depression rather than to HIV is complicated as depression may be both a causal factor and an effect of NCI. This study aimed to determine the association between depressive symptoms and NCI among PWH with well-controlled infection. METHODS: The Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Ageing Cohort study is an ongoing, prospective, longitudinal study of PWH aged >=45 years old nested within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Ageing Cohort study participants underwent neurocognitive assessment and grading of depressive symptoms using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Neurocognitive impairment categories were defined using Frascati criteria. Participants with NCI related to neurological or psychiatric confounders other than depression were excluded. The cross-sectional association between the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score and neurocognitive impairment was examined taking Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score as a continuous variable and then as a binary variable using two score thresholds, 16 and 27. RESULTS: Excluding 79 participants with confounding factors, 902 participants were studied: 81% were men; 96% had plasma viral loads <50 copies/ml; 35% had neurocognitive impairment; 28% had Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores >=16. Higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores were associated with female sex (p = 0.0003), non-Caucasian origin (p = 0.011) and current/past intravenous drug use (p = 0.002). Whilst neurocognitive impairment was associated with higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score was a poor predictor of having neurocognitive impairment (area under the ROC curve 0.604). Applying a Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score threshold of 16 predicted the presence of neurocognitive impairment with a sensitivity of 38.3% (specificity 77.2%), increasing the threshold to 27 lowered sensitivity to 15.4% (specificity 93.6%). CONCLUSION: In this large cohort of PWH in Switzerland, we did not observe a Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score threshold that was sensitive in predicting neurocognitive impairment. As neurocognitive impairment was however associated with higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores, the data support the screening for and treatment of depression among PWH diagnosed with neurocognitive impairment." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 2753 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 250 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 347 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 422 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D007239_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 471 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 748 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 819 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 875 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Neurocognitive impairment categories" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 970 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 979 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D001523_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurological or psychiatric" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_9606_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1382, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_9606_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1461, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1516, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1596 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1652, 1662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1807, 1832 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1895, 1905 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1953, 1963 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_34", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 2001, 2026 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 2107, 2117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_36", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 2166, 2191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 2434, 2444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_38", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 2494, 2519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 2524, 2549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_40", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 2620, 2630 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D000275_41", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 2691, 2701 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "33629882_MESH:D019965_42", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurocognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 2727, 2752 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019965" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "263411_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Corynebacterium haemolyticum. An uncommon cause of throat infection." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "263411_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 69 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "263411_28264_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Corynebacterium haemolyticum" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "28264" } ] }, { "id": "263411_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32727178_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[The clinical features and prognosis of 32 cases of pulmonary actinomycosis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "32727178_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Objectives: To describe the clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary actinomycosis in a tertiary Chinese hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 32 patients diagnosed with pulmonary actinomycosis between January 2013 and December 2019. General characteristics, clinical manifestations, lab data, chest CT imaging, treatment and follow-up information were reviewed and analyzed. Results: This study consisted of 19 males and 13 females, with a mean age of (58+-12) years, ranging from 16 to 76 years. There were 26 cases with co-morbidities. Among them, there were 16 cases with pulmonary co-morbidity. Sixteen cases had a smoking history. Eight cases, 5 men and 3 women, with a mean age of (48+-8) years, ranging from 41 to 58 years, received thoracic surgery for diagnosis. The remaining 24 cases who did not receive thoracic surgery consisted of 14 males and 8 females, with a mean age of (54+-14)years, ranging from 16 to 76 years. Cough (25cases), expectoration (21 cases) and fever (16 cases) were the common clinical manifestations. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ranged from 2 to 114 mm/1 h, with a mean value of (28+-31) mm/1 h. The ESR was elevated (>20 mm/1 h) in 15 cases. The C-reactive protein (CRP) ranged from 1 to 116 mg/L, with a mean value of (28+-45) mg/L. The CRP was elevated (>8 mg/L) in 16 cases. Localized air-space consolidation (18 cases), pulmonary mass or nodules (16 cases) were the common chest CT manifestations. When compared with non-surgical cases, fever was the sole characteristic that was less common in cases with thoracic surgery (1 case in surgical group vs 11 cases in non-surgical group, P<0.05). Actinomyces spp. was found in 7 cases (87.5%) who received thoracic surgery, in 16 (61.5%) specimens collected through bronchoscopy and in 10 (55.6%) sputum samples of good quality. All of our enrolled cases were administrated with oral antibiotics, and 14 cases were prescribed with intravenous antibiotics initially. Among them, 27 cases were administrated with more than one antibiotic. Penicillin, ampicillin and amoxillin were prescribed for 25 cases. Finally, 30 cases showed improvement or cure in our hospital. Conclusions: Pulmonary actinomycosis tended to develop in aged patients with co-morbidities. Cough, expectoration, fever and localized air-space consolidation were the common clinical and radiological manifestations, respectively. Actinomyces spp. could be found more easily in the surgically resected tissues than other specimens. The prognosis of our enrolled cases was good after treatment with combined antibiotics." ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 2689 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32727178_MESH:D000196_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary actinomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000196" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D000196_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary actinomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000196" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D000196_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary actinomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000196" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 759 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 771 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D003371_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cough" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003371" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D005334_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005334" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_1401_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1318 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_1401_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1320, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_1401_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1392, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:C536030_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary mass" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536030" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D005334_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 1595, 1600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005334" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D010406_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2141, 2151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010406" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D000667_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ampicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2153, 2163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000667" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amoxillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2168, 2177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D000196_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pulmonary actinomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2283, 2306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000196" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2333, 2341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D003371_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cough" ], "offsets": [ [ 2363, 2368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003371" } ] }, { "id": "32727178_MESH:D005334_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 2385, 2390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005334" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7668141_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mouse strain differences in in vivo and in vitro immunosuppressive effects of opioids." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "7668141_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 87 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7668141_10090_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35091535_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Tumor-associated macrophages promote cholangiocarcinoma progression via exosomal Circ_0020256." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "35091535_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This study investigated the exosomal circular RNAs (CircRNAs) produced by tumor-associated macrophages and delivered into the microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma cells in order to use them as molecular targets for clinical therapy. Tumor-associated M2 macrophages (TAMs) were induced from THP-1 cells and identified by flow cytometry. The TAM-secreted exosomes were isolated from conditioned medium and a CircRNA microarray assay was performed to identify CircRNAs that were uniquely expressed in the isolated exosomes. Circ_0020256 was especially identified based on having the highest differential expression level among all of the CircRNA candidates. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the effects of TAMs, exosomes, and Circ_0020256 on the growth and migration of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. The induced TAMs promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CCA cells and those effects were mediated by exosomes secreted by the TAMs. In CCA cells (RBE and HCCC-9810), Circ_0020256 significantly promoted cellular activity by interacting with its intra-cellular microRNA target, miR-432-5p. In contrast, overexpression of transcription factor E2F3 in CCA cells restored the CCA cellular activities that were inhibited by miR-432-5p. On the other hand, treatment with small interference RNA (siRNA) for Circ_0020256 inhibited CCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, Circ_0020256 in TAM-secreted exosomes promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CCA cells, and that promotional activity was regulated via a Circ_0020256/miR-432-5p/E2F3 axis." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1737 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35091535_MESH:D018281_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cholangiocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018281" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_MESH:D018281_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cholangiocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018281" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_CVCL:0006_3", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "THP-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:0006" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 440 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TAMs" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_MESH:D018281_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cholangiocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 907 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018281" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TAMs" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 937 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TAMs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_574451_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 1213, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "574451" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_5_10", "type": "Chromosome", "text": [ "5p" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "5" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_398159_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "E2F3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1281 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "398159" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_574451_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "574451" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_5_13", "type": "Chromosome", "text": [ "5p" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "5" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_574451_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 1716, 1723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "574451" } ] }, { "id": "35091535_398159_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "E2F3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1727, 1731 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "398159" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13615523_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Effectiveness of health resort treatment of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with lipotropic factors as diet supplement]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 127 ] ] }, { "id": "13615523_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 128 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13615523_MESH:D008103_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatitis and liver cirrhosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 82 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008103" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19355982_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Intra and inter-molecular communications through protein structure network." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 75 ] ] }, { "id": "19355982_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Communication within and across proteins is crucial for the biological functioning of proteins. Experiments such as mutational studies on proteins provide important information on the amino acids, which are crucial for their function. However, the protein structures are complex and it is unlikely that the entire responsibility of the function rests on only a few amino acids. A large fraction of the protein is expected to participate in its function at some level or other. Thus, it is relevant to consider the protein structures as a completely connected network and then deduce the properties, which are related to the global network features. In this direction, our laboratory has been engaged in representing the protein structure as a network of non-covalent connections and we have investigated a variety of problems in structural biology, such as the identification of functional and folding clusters, determinants of quaternary association and characterization of the network properties of protein structures. We have also addressed a few important issues related to protein dynamics, such as the process of oligomerization in multimers, mechanism of protein folding, and ligand induced communications (allosteric effect). In this review we highlight some of the investigations which we have carried out in the recent past. A review on protein structure graphs was presented earlier, in which the focus was on the graphs and graph spectral properties and their implementation in the study of protein structure graphs/networks (PSN). In this article, we briefly summarize the relevant parts of the methodology and the focus is on the advancement brought out in the understanding of protein structure-function relationships through structure networks. The investigations of structural/biological problems are divided into two parts, in which the first part deals with the analysis of PSNs based on static structures obtained from x-ray crystallography. The second part highlights the changes in the network, associated with biological functions, which are deduced from the network analysis on the structures obtained from molecular dynamics simulations." ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 2238 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15567439_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Identification and characterization of a DNA photolyase-containing baculovirus from Chrysodeixis chalcites." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 107 ] ] }, { "id": "15567439_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A hitherto unknown single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SNPV) with a unique property was isolated from larvae of the looper Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Plusiinae). Polyhedrin, lef-8, and pif-2 gene sequences were obtained by PCR with degenerate primers and used for phylogenetic analysis. ChchNPV belonged to class II NPVs and its polyhedrin sequence was most similar to that of class II NPVs of other members of the subfamily Plusiinae. Further genetic characterization involved the random cloning of HindIII fragments into a plasmid vector and analysis by end-in sequencing. A gene so far unique to baculoviruses was identified, which encodes a putative DNA repair enzyme: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) DNA photolyase (dpl). The transcriptional activity of this gene was demonstrated in both ChchNPV-infected C. chalcites larvae and infected Trichoplusia ni High Five cells by RT-PCR and 5' and 3' RACE analysis. The possible role of this gene in the biology of the virus is discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 1125 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15567439_749652_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Chrysodeixis chalcites" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "749652" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_3431472_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Polyhedrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 307 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3431472" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_320432_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ChchNPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "320432" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_3431472_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "polyhedrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3431472" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_MESH:C030986_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrimidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 830 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030986" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_320432_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ChchNPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 939 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "320432" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_MESH:D007239_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 948 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_749652_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. chalcites" ], "offsets": [ [ 949, 961 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "749652" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_7111_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Trichoplusia ni" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 997 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "7111" } ] }, { "id": "15567439_CVCL_C190;NCBITaxID:7111_9", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "High Five" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_C190;NCBITaxID:7111" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32037929_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Purse-string suture technique using a mini-Pfannenstiel incision to treat large dermoid cysts." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "32037929_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This study describes the purse-string suture technique using a mini-Pfannenstiel incision for the surgical treatment of large ovarian dermoid cysts. We investigated intra and postoperative outcomes in 24 patients who underwent removal of large ovarian dermoid cysts through a mini-Pfannenstiel incision using the purse-string suture technique. The surgical procedure was performed by two experienced surgeons. The mean diameter of the cysts was 11.9 cm. The mean operation time was 46 min and the intraoperative rupture rate was 8.3%. No patient developed chemical peritonitis. The length of hospitalisation was 36 h. The recurrence rate was 8.3% in the same ovary at 1-year follow-up. In conclusion, ovarian dermoid cysts measuring >8 cm in diameter can be effectively treated through a mini-Pfannenstiel incision using the purse-string suture technique.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Dermoid cysts are the most common ovarian germ cell tumours occurring in the second and third decades of life, and these tumours are usually treated surgically. There is a lack of consensus among gynaecologists regarding the optimal surgical treatment modalities for ovarian dermoid cysts; however, laparoscopic cystectomy is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of dermoid cysts. Notably, aspiration of dense cystic contents may be difficult during laparoscopic cystectomy.What do the results of this study add? Our technique enables easy removal of dense cystic materials including hair and bone fragments. The short operation time, low recurrence rate and the minimal incisional scar serve as advantages of our novel method.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This surgical technique can be successfully used in clinical settings with limited facilities for laparoscopic surgery." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1950 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32037929_MESH:D003884_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dermoid cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003884" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:C562731_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian dermoid cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562731" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 307 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:C562731_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian dermoid cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 360 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562731" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:D012421_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intraoperative rupture" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012421" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:C562731_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian dermoid cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562731" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:D009373_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian germ cell tumours" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009373" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:D009369_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumours" ], "offsets": [ [ 1126, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:C562731_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian dermoid cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562731" } ] }, { "id": "32037929_MESH:D003884_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dermoid cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003884" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18590725_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Berberine inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced growth and migration partly through an AMPK-dependent pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 152 ] ] }, { "id": "18590725_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is released from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells, or macrophages after percutaneous coronary intervention and is related with neointimal proliferation and restenosis. Berberine is a well-known component of the Chinese herb medicine Huanglian (Coptis chinensis), and is capable of inhibiting growth and endogenous PDGF synthesis in VSMCs after in vitro mechanical injury. We analyzed the effects of berberine on VSMC growth, migration, and signaling events after exogenous PDGF stimulation in vitro in order to mimic a post-angioplasty PDGF shedding condition. Pretreatment of VSMCs with berberine inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation. Berberine significantly suppressed PDGF-stimulated Cyclin D1/D3 and Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) gene expression. Moreover, berberine increased the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which led to phosphorylation activation of p53 and increased protein levels of the Cdk inhibitor p21(Cip1). Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, partly but significantly attenuated berberine-elicited growth inhibition. In addition, stimulation of VSMCs with PDGF led to a transient increase in GTP-bound, active form of Ras, Cdc42 and Rac1, as well as VSMC migration. However, pretreatment with berberine significantly inhibited PDGF-induced Ras, Cdc42 and Rac1 activation and cell migration. Co-treatment with farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate drastically reversed berberine-mediated anti-proliferative and migratory effects in VSMCs. Based on these findings, we conclude that berberine inhibited PDGF-induced VSMC growth via activation of AMPK/p53/p21(Cip1) signaling while inactivating Ras/Rac1/Cyclin D/Cdks and suppressing PDGF-stimulated migration via inhibition of Rac1 and Cdc42. These observations offer a molecular explanation for the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties of berberine." ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 2071 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_261450_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Coptis chinensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "261450" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D006930_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mechanical injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006930" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 622 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 811 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 859 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 984 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1223, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D006160_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1336, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006160" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1446 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:C004808_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "farnesyl pyrophosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1553, 1575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C004808" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:C002963_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1580, 1608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C002963" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1630, 1639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1742, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] }, { "id": "18590725_MESH:D001599_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "berberine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2061, 2070 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001599" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26414454_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Occult Radiographically Evident Port-Site Hernia After Robot-Assisted Urologic Surgery: Incidence and Risk Factors." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 115 ] ] }, { "id": "26414454_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: Laparoscopic trocar-site hernias (TSH) are rare, with a reported incidence of 1% or less. The incidence of occult radiographically evident hernias has not been described after robot-assisted urologic surgery. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of this problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-institution retrospective review of robot-assisted urologic surgery was performed from April 2009 to December 2012. Patients with preoperative and postoperative CT were included for analysis. Imaging was reviewed by two radiologists and one urologist. RESULTS: One hundred four cases were identified, including 60 partial nephrectomy, 38 prostatectomy, and 6 cystectomy. Mean age was 58 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 29 kg/m(2). The cohort was 77% male. Ten total hernias were identified by CT in 8 patients, 2 of which were clinically evident hernias. Excluding these two hernias, occult port-site hernias were identified radiographically in seven patients. Per-patient incidence of occult TSH was 6.7% (7/104), and per-port incidence was 1.4% (8/564). All hernias were midline and 30% contained bowel. Eight of the 10 occurred at 12 mm sites (p = 0.0065) and 3 of the 10 occurred at extended incisions. Age, gender, BMI, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive drug therapy, ASA score, procedure, blood loss, prior abdominal surgery, and history of hernia were not significant risk factors. Specimen size >40 g (p = 0.024) and wound infection (p = 0.0052) were significant risk factors. CONCLUSION: While the incidence of clinically evident port-site hernia remains low in robot-assisted urologic surgery, the incidence of CT-detected occult hernia was 6.7% in this series. These occurred most often in sites extended for specimen extraction and at larger port sites. This suggests more attention should be paid to fascial closure at these sites." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 1999 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26414454_MESH:D006547_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hernia" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006547" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 945 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_MESH:D003920_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1377, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_MESH:D006473_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006473" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_MESH:D006547_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hernia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006547" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_MESH:D007239_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1595 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_MESH:D006547_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hernia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1704, 1710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006547" } ] }, { "id": "26414454_MESH:D006547_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hernia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1795, 1801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006547" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8123906_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ontogeny of the cytoskeleton during mammalian oogenesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "8123906_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Mammalian oogenesis is a process which requires a variety of changes in the structure and function of the specialized female germ cell. Evidence suggests that the cytoskeleton may mediate several of these structural and functional changes. In this review we evaluate what is known of cytoskeletal function during oogenesis, with emphasis on specialized cytoskeletal features in mammals. Existing investigations suggest that the oocyte, as a highly specialized cell, contains unique cytoskeletal elements which exhibit functions restricted to the process of early development." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 632 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8123906_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8123906_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1985394_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Inhibition of nitrosamine formation by ascorbic acid." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "1985394_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Nitrosation occurs under a wide variety of conditions by reaction of most types of amines with any of a large number of nitrosating species. Nitrite can be formed in vivo via bacterial reduction of nitrate and by activated macrophages and endothelial cells. The mechanism of nitrite formation by mammalian cells is via enzymatic oxidation of arginine to NO followed by oxidation to N2O3 and N2O4. Nitrosatable amines are found in many foods and some, eg, dimethylamine, are synthesized in the body. Precursors of N-nitroso compounds are thus almost constantly present together under favorable reaction conditions in vivo and there is, consequently, considerable interest concerning possible human health risks arising from endogenous formation of this class of compounds. Among many nitrosation inhibitors, most attention has focused on ascorbic acid, which reacts with many nitrosating agents and which is virtually nontoxic. This presentation discusses the chemistry of ascorbic acid inhibition of nitrosation reactions." ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 1076 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1985394_MESH:D009602_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrosamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009602" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D001205_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001205" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D000588_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amines" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000588" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D009573_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Nitrite" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009573" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D009566_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009566" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D009573_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrite" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 336 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009573" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D001120_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arginine" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001120" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N2O3" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 440 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N2O4" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D000588_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amines" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000588" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:C034516_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dimethylamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C034516" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-nitroso compounds" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D001205_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001205" } ] }, { "id": "1985394_MESH:D001205_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001205" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8452344_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Efficacy of cefuroxime axetil suspension compared with that of penicillin V suspension in children with group A streptococcal pharyngitis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 138 ] ] }, { "id": "8452344_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The bacteriological and clinical efficacies of cefuroxime axetil suspension (20 mg/kg of body weight per day in two divided doses) were compared with those of penicillin V suspension (50 mg/kg/day in three divided doses) in a multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded study. Children aged 2 to 13 years with clinical signs and symptoms of acute pharyngitis and a positive throat culture for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) were eligible. Patients were assessed and samples from the throat for culture were obtained at the time of diagnosis, 3 to 7 days after the initiation of treatment, and 4 to 8 days and 19 to 25 days after the completion of 10 days of therapy. Of the 385 evaluable patients, GABHS were eradicated from 244 of 259 (94.2%) cefuroxime-treated patients and 106 of 126 (84.1%) penicillin-treated patients (P = 0.001). Complete resolution of the signs and symptoms present at the time of diagnosis was achieved in 238 of 259 (91.9%) cefuroxime-treated patients and 102 of 126 (81.0%) penicillin-treated patients (P = 0.001). Potential drug-related adverse events were reported in 7.0 and 3.2% of the cefuroxime- and penicillin-treated patients, respectively (P = 0.078). In the present study, cefuroxime axetil suspension given twice daily resulted in significantly greater bacteriological and clinical efficacies than those of penicillin V suspension given three times daily to pediatric patients with acute pharyngitis and a positive throat culture for GABHS." ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 1629 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8452344_MESH:C040738_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cefuroxime axetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C040738" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010404_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "penicillin V" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010404" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D013290_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "streptococcal pharyngitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013290" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:C040738_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cefuroxime axetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C040738" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010404_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "penicillin V" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 310 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010404" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010608_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute pharyngitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010608" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_351_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "A beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D002444_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cefuroxime" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 905 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002444" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 922 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010406_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 956 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010406" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 973 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D002444_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cefuroxime" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002444" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1120, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010406_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010406" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D002444_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cefuroxime" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002444" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010406_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010406" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:C040738_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cefuroxime axetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C040738" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010404_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "penicillin V" ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010404" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8452344_MESH:D010608_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute pharyngitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1571, 1588 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010608" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33332715_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Multimodal Imaging of Autofluorescent Sites Reveals Varied Chemical Speciation in SSZ-13 Crystals." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "33332715_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A multimodal imaging study of chabazite is used to show the distribution of and discriminate between different emissive deposits arising as a result of the detemplation process. Confocal imaging, 3D fluorescence lifetime imaging, 3D multispectral fluorescence imaging, and Raman mapping are used to show three different types of emissive behaviours each characterised by different spatial distributions, trends in lifetime, spectral signals, and Raman signatures. A notable difference is seen in the morphology of agglomerated surface deposits and larger subsurface deposits, which experience lifetime augmentation due to spatial confinement. The distribution of organic residue throughout the crystal volume is comparable to XRF mapping that shows Si enrichment on the outer edges and higher Al content through the centre, demonstrating that a fluorescence-based technique can also be used to indirectly comment on the compositional chemistry of the inorganic framework." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 1070 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33332715_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SSZ-13" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33332715_MESH:C554923_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chabazite" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C554923" } ] }, { "id": "33332715_MESH:D012825_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Si" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012825" } ] }, { "id": "33332715_MESH:D000535_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Al" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 894 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000535" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23216043_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Abdominal abscesses in adult horses: 61 cases (1993-2008)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "23216043_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcome for a series of adult horses with abdominal abscesses. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 61 adult horses. PROCEDURES: Medical records of adult horses with abdominal abscesses treated at Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (1993 to 2008) were reviewed. Information was recorded regarding signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and short- and long-term outcomes. Risk factors for survival were determined. RESULTS: 61 horses met the criteria for inclusion. Clinical signs included colic (67%), fever (46%), anorexia (51%), signs of depression (57%), tachycardia (46%), and weight loss (30%). The diagnosis was made on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography, exploratory celiotomy, palpation per rectum, and necropsy. Abscesses were variable in size, location, and number. Only 15 (24.6%) horses survived to discharge. Multiple bacterial isolates were identified from aspirates of abscesses, and subsequent abdominal adhesion formation limited survival, affecting outcome. Risk factors for survival included age and heart rate at admission. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Adult horses with abdominal abscesses often have severe adhesion formation. Multiple bacterial isolates are frequently identified from the abscess. Prognosis for survival is guarded." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 1439 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23216043_9796_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_9796_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_9796_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_9796_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 301 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_9796_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 605 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_MESH:D005334_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005334" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_MESH:D000855_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anorexia" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 696 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000855" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_MESH:D000275_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_MESH:D013610_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tachycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 742 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013610" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_MESH:D015431_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 765 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015431" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_9796_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "23216043_9796_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19476765_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Surgical anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve: is the great auricular point reliable?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "19476765_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: The study was to exam if the great auricular point is a dependable landmark for finding the spinal accessory nerve. DESIGN: A prospective study from January 2004 to August 2006 in a tertiary medical centre. SETTING: A tertiary medical centre, Tzu Chi General Hospital. METHODS: In the modified radical neck dissection, the topographic anatomy of spinal accessory was studied in 50 patients. MAIN OUTCOME: The great auricular point (GAP) was identified and the length of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) below was measured. The distance between the spinal accessory nerve and the greater auricular point was measured. RESULTS: The ratio of the length of the SCM below the nerve exiting point to the total length of the muscle was near 0.66. The mean distance between the GAP and the accessory nerve was 0.92 cm (SD +/- 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: The great auricular point is a reliable landmark for identification of the accessory nerve during the neck dissection." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 1054 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19476765_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19476765_MESH:C535977_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sternocleidomastoid muscle" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535977" } ] }, { "id": "19476765_MESH:C535977_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SCM" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 599 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535977" } ] }, { "id": "19476765_MESH:C535977_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SCM" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535977" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33209630_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A narrative review of biosimilars: a continued journey from the scientific evidence to practice implementation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "33209630_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Biologic agents have revolutionized the management of serious health conditions in the last two decades. The use of \"targeted therapy\" brings not only better progression free survivals and overall survivals, but also better toxicity profiles and quality of life benefits, compared to empirical palliative chemotherapy. However, given the high cost associated with biologic drugs and the sharp increases in biologic drug utilization, this drug category has significantly raised healthcare cost over the years. A similar phenomenon was previously experienced with branded simple chemical compound drugs, including chemotherapeutic agents, which was largely mitigated by the introduction of a generic approval pathway, decreasing the costs of the drugs, making them more affordable, given to the increase in competition among the drug makers. A similar opportunity presents years later with the completion of the full patent exclusivity period of many biologics. However, the ending of patent exclusivity, although enables more market competition, does not guarantee market penetration. Stakeholders, such as patients, providers and payers, must build trust and confidence in the science of biosimilars and the product specific studies leading to FDA approval in order to incorporate these products to practice and enable the biosimilar market at large to reach the potential to significantly contribute to reductions in drug cost. Dissemination of scientific and emerging biosimilar evidence is paramount in order to support stakeholder informed decision making and enable each to benefit from expanded treatment options. This paper describes the biosimilar development, approval process, and reviews a number of challenges with the marketing implementation of biosimilars." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 1883 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33209630_MESH:D064420_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "33209630_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32733460_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Alterations in Circulating Fatty Acid Are Associated With Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "32733460_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Background: Butyric acid (BA) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) with anti-inflammatory properties, which promotes intestinal barrier function. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), including caproic acid (CA), promote TH1 and TH17 differentiation, thus supporting inflammation. Aim: Since most SCFAs are absorbed in the cecum and colon, the measurement of BA in peripheral blood could provide information on the health status of the intestinal ecosystem. Additionally, given the different immunomodulatory properties of BA and CA the evaluation of their serum concentration, as well as their ratio could be as a simple and rapid biomarker of disease activity and/or treatment efficacy in MS. Methods: We evaluated serum BA and CA concentrations, immune parameters, intestinal barrier integrity and the gut microbiota composition in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) comparing result to those obtained in healthy controls. Results: In MS, the concentration of BA was reduced and that of CA was increased. Concurrently, the microbiota was depleted of BA producers while it was enriched in mucin-degrading, pro-inflammatory components. The reduced serum concentration of BA seen in MS patients correlated with alterations of the barrier permeability, as evidenced by the higher plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, and inflammation. Specifically, CA was positively associated with CD4+/IFNgamma+ T lymphocytes, and the BA/CA ratio correlated positively with CD4+/CD25high/Foxp3+ and negatively with CD4+/IFNgamma+ T lymphocytes. Conclusion: The gut microbiota dysbiosis found in MS is possibly associated with alterations of the SCFA/MCFA ratio and of the intestinal barrier; this could explain the chronic inflammation that characterizes this disease. SCFA and MCFA quantification could be a simple biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic and rehabilitation procedures in MS." ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 2056 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32733460_MESH:D005227_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Fatty Acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005227" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D064806_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Dysbiosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 82 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064806" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D007249_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Multiple Sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Butyric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D005232_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "short-chain fatty acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005232" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D005232_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SCFA" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005232" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Medium-chain fatty acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MCFA" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:C037652_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "caproic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C037652" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TH1" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D007249_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MS" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 959 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 983 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MS" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1059 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_100508689_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mucin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100508689" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D020148_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1291, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020148" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1302, 1304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D008070_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipopolysaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D005227_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fatty acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1457, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005227" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D007249_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_920_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1551, 1554 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_3458_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IFNgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1556, 1564 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3458" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_920_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1628, 1631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_50943_33", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Foxp3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1642, 1647 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "50943" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_920_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1669, 1672 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_3458_35", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IFNgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1674, 1682 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3458" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D064806_36", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysbiosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1730, 1739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064806" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1749, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D007249_38", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1877, 1889 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D005232_39", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SCFA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1923, 1927 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005232" } ] }, { "id": "32733460_MESH:D009103_40", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MS" ], "offsets": [ [ 2053, 2055 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33111002_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) on a 3.0% Au/Sr0.70Ce0.20WO4 Photocatalyst." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "33111002_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Herein, a 3.0%-Au/Sr0.70Ce0.20WO4 sample was prepared for the photocatalytic reduction of the Cr2O7 2- ion. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The Sr0.70Ce0.20WO4 sample presented a photocatalytic reduction activity that is better than those of the Ce-doped sample and the intrinsic sample. Thereafter, different metal elements, Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt, were used as cocatalysts, which were loaded on the Sr0.70Ce0.20WO4 sample. The 3.0%-Au/Sr0.70Ce0.20WO4 photocatalyst showed optimal photocatalytic reduction activity in a 8 vol % methanol solution (pH = 7) under visible light irradiation. The kinetic constant of the optimal one is 0.0039 min-1, which is 1.86 times that of the Sr0.70Ce0.20WO4 sample. The photocatalyst is stable enough after a 24 h photocatalytic experiment." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 994 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33111002_MESH:C074702_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(VI)" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C074702" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D006046_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Sr0" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D006046_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_2498238_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Cr2" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2498238" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D008670_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metal" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008670" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D003300_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 550 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D006046_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 558 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D010984_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pt" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010984" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D006046_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 654 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "33111002_MESH:D000432_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000432" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29877147_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cellulitis caused by the Burkholderia cepacia complex associated with contaminated chlorhexidine 2% scrub in five domestic cats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] }, { "id": "29877147_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) are known as plant and human pathogens. We describe herein BCC infections as the cause of subcutaneous abscesses and purulent cellulitis in 5 cats. All cats were presented with an open wound, and 4 received standard wound care and empiric antibiotic therapy. Despite treatment, clinical signs worsened in 4 cats. Isolates of the BCC were obtained from all 5 cases. Two cats were submitted for postmortem examination. Subcutaneous abscesses with draining fistulas were observed. Histopathology revealed severe, pyogranulomatous cellulitis with intralesional gram-negative bacilli. Based on susceptibility results, the other 3 cats were administered effective antibiotics and recovered without complications. The BCC was cultured from the 2% chlorhexidine surgical scrub solution used in the clinic, suggesting the source of infection for 4 of 5 cats. Given the ability to grow in antiseptic solutions, the extra steps required to culture from antiseptics, and innate multidrug resistance, the BCC poses a challenge to both detect and treat. Although the BCC causes disease almost exclusively in humans with cystic fibrosis or immunodeficiency, the bacteria should also be a differential for nosocomial infections in veterinary patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 1415 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29877147_MESH:D002481_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cellulitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002481" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_292_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Burkholderia cepacia" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "292" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_MESH:D002710_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorhexidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002710" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9685_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "domestic cats" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9685" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_292_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Burkholderia cepacia" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "292" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 208 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_MESH:D002481_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "purulent cellulitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 316 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002481" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9685_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cats" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9685" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9685_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cats" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 336 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9685" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9685_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cats" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 491 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9685" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9685_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cats" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9685" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_MESH:D002481_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pyogranulomatous cellulitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002481" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9685_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cats" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9685" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_MESH:D002710_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorhexidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 933 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002710" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_MESH:D007239_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9685_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9685" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_MESH:D003550_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cystic fibrosis or immunodeficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1286, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003550" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_MESH:D003428_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nosocomial infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003428" } ] }, { "id": "29877147_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1406, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32036612_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Data Science Approaches for Effective Use of Mobile Device-Based Collection of Real-World Data." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 95 ] ] }, { "id": "32036612_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 96 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24988990_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Two in One: Endovascular Treatment of Acute Tandem Occlusions in the Anterior Circulation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "24988990_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: Acute major stroke with high-grade stenosis or occlusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and additional intracranial large artery occlusion is increasingly treated with a mechanical endovascular approach by extracranial stenting and intracranial thrombectomy due to poor response to systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). This article presents a single centre cohort of this challenging subtype of stroke, describing the technical procedure and analysing the angiographic and clinical outcome. METHODS: Clinical and imaging data of all consecutive patients between July 2008 and March 2013 with intracranial artery occlusion in the anterior circulation and additional occlusion or pseudo-occlusion of the cervical ICA were retrospectively analysed with respect to demographical and clinical characteristics. Technical approach, recanalization rate, recanalization time and short-term clinical outcome were determined. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients with tandem occlusion in the anterior circulation met the inclusion criteria. Out of these, 32 (74.4%) occlusions and 11 (25.6%) pseudo-occlusions of the extracranial ICA with additional occlusion of the distal segment of the ICA in 7.0% (3/43), the M1-segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 81.4% (35/43) or the M2-segment of the MCA in 11.6% (5/43) of cases were treated with combined endovascular approach including extracranial stenting with angioplasty and intracranial mechanical thrombectomy. In 76.7% of cases, an angiographic recanalization result of 2b or 3 using the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score was achieved. Mean time from first angiographic series to recanalization was 103 min. A modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of <= 2 was achieved in 32.6% at the time of discharge. CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy of patients with tandem occlusion in the anterior circulation with emergency extracranial stenting and intracranial mechanical thrombectomy appears to be safe and may lead to a satisfactory angiographic result and clinical outcome." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 2182 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24988990_MESH:D020521_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D003251_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stenosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003251" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D001157_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "artery occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001157" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D020521_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 711 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D001157_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intracranial artery occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001157" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D020244_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "middle cerebral artery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020244" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D020244_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020244" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D020244_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1444, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020244" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D002544_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1691, 1726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002544" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_MESH:D002544_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TICI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1728, 1732 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002544" } ] }, { "id": "24988990_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1954, 1962 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20799290_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "20799290_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Temporal artery (TA) biopsy is the current standard for diagnosing temporal arteritis, but has limited sensitivity. Colour duplex ultrasonography is a newer, non-invasive method of diagnosing temporal arteritis. METHODS: A systematic review was performed of trials comparing TA biopsy with duplex ultrasonography. Duplex results (halo sign, stenosis or vessel occlusion) were compared with either TA biospy findings or the American College of Rheumatology research criteria for diagnosing temporal arteritis. Trials were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library trials register. The performance of duplex ultrasonography was assessed with weighted independent sensitivity and specificity values, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: There were 17 eligible studies containing 998 patients. When the halo sign on duplex imaging was compared with TA biopsy, the sensitivity was 75 (95 per cent confidence interval 67 to 82) per cent and the specificity was 83 (78 to 88) per cent. There was no heterogeneity across the eligible studies. CONCLUSION: Duplex ultrasonography was relatively accurate for diagnosing temporal arteritis. It should become the first-line investigation, with biopsy reserved for patients with a negative scan." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 1356 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20799290_MESH:D013700_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "temporal arteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013700" } ] }, { "id": "20799290_MESH:D001167_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001167" } ] }, { "id": "20799290_MESH:D001167_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001167" } ] }, { "id": "20799290_MESH:D003251_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stenosis or vessel occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003251" } ] }, { "id": "20799290_MESH:D001167_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001167" } ] }, { "id": "20799290_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 913 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20799290_MESH:D001167_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001167" } ] }, { "id": "20799290_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33880812_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Creating space for Indigenous perspectives on access and benefit-sharing: Encouraging researcher use of the Local Contexts Notices." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 131 ] ] }, { "id": "33880812_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A recent Molecular Ecology editorial made a proactive statement of support for the \"Nagoya Protocol\" and the principle of benefit-sharing by requiring authors to provide a \"Data Accessibility and Benefit-Sharing Statement\" in their articles. Here, we encourage another step that enables Indigenous communities to provide their own definitions and aspirations for access and benefit-sharing alongside the author's \"Statement\". We invite the Molecular Ecology research community to use Biocultural-, Traditional Knowledge-, and Cultural Institution Notices to help Indigenous communities gain visibility within our research structures. Notices are one of the tools offered by the Biocultural Labels Initiative (part of the Local Contexts system) designed specifically for researchers and institutions. The Notices are highly visible, machine-readable icons that signal the Indigenous provenance of genetic resources, and rights of Indigenous communities to define the future use of genetic resources and derived benefits. The Notices invite collaboration with Indigenous communities and create spaces within our research systems for them to define the provenance, protocols, and permissions associated with genetic resources using Labels. Authors contributing to Molecular Ecology can apply Notices to their articles by providing the persistent unique identifier and an optional use-statement associated with the Notice in their \"Data Accessibility and Benefit-Sharing Statement\". In this way, our research community has an opportunity to accelerate support for the principles of the Nagoya Protocol, to alleviate concerns regarding Indigenous Data Sovereignty and equitable outcomes, and to build better relationships with Indigenous collaborators to enhance research, biodiversity, and conservation outcomes." ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 1940 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17349269_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Infant hygiene products: the importance of correct labeling]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "17349269_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 63 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1310336_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Molecular and serological analyses of two bovine rotaviruses (B-11 and B-60) causing calf scours in Australia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "1310336_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Fecal specimens from 78 calves involved in outbreaks of calf diarrhea which occurred in three farms in Victoria, Australia, in 1988 were analyzed for rotaviruses. Thirty-eight samples were positive for group A virus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 20 of these contained viral double-stranded RNAs that could be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two major electropherotypes could be observed, and a representative isolate of each electropherotype (isolates B-11 and B-60) was successfully adapted to grow in MA104 cells. Sequencing of the VP7 genes directly from RNA transcripts of fecal and cell culture-adapted viruses demonstrated that no base changes occurred in this gene upon adaptation to growth in MA104 cells. Sequencing also revealed that the VP7 protein of B-60 was closely related to G serotype 6 (G6) strains, whereas the B-11 sequence was significantly different from all previously published sequences except the recently reported VP7 sequences of bovine isolates 61A and B223, particularly across the antigenic regions A, B, and C. The other strains most closely related to B-11 by VP7 amino acid sequence analysis were G4 porcine strains BMI-1 and BEN-144 and G8 human strain 69M. Serotyping of B-11 and B-60 gave results that were in good agreement with the sequencing data. Hyperimmune typing sera clearly identified B-60 as a member of G6, whereas the B-11 strain reacted to moderate titers only with antisera to some G10 strains. Antiserum raised against B-11 neutralized some strains of G10 cross-reacted with porcine G4 type isolates BMI-1 and BEN-144 but not with other G4 strains or with rotaviruses of other mammalian G serotypes. Northern blot hybridization showed that B-11 was closely related to the recently reported bovine G10 strain B223, and they both possessed a similar segment 4 that was different from that of either UK bovine or NCDV rotavirus." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 2024 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1310336_9913_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9913_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "calf" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9913_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "calves" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9913_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "calf" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_MESH:D003967_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003967" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_MESH:C016679_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polyacrylamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C016679" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_CVCL_3845;NCBITaxID:9534_6", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "MA104" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 655 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_3845;NCBITaxID:9534" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_CVCL_3845;NCBITaxID:9534_7", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "MA104" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 853 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_3845;NCBITaxID:9534" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9913_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_648_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BMI-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1302 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "648" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1322, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "B-11" ], "offsets": [ [ 1618, 1622 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_648_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BMI-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1699, 1704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "648" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 1776, 1785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9913_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1889, 1895 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "1310336_9913_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1999, 2005 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16587058_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Effect of X-Rays on the Platinum Catalyst in the Contact Sulfuric Acid Reaction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] }, { "id": "16587058_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 85 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16587058_MESH:D010984_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Platinum" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010984" } ] }, { "id": "16587058_MESH:C033158_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Sulfuric Acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C033158" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9690213_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Rabbit distal convoluted tubule coexpresses NaCl cotransporter and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II mRNA." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "9690213_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Although the renal cortical collecting duct (CCD) is a principal target for aldosterone, recent evidence suggests that salt transport by other nephron segments may also be regulated by aldosterone. Electroneutral and thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransport by the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the rat is increased in animals deprived of dietary NaCl. We tested the hypothesis that the DCT of the rabbit is an aldosterone target tissue. METHODS: The single-nephron reverse-transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to determine mRNA expression of NaCl cotransporter and 11 beta-HSD 2 in dissected nephron segments. The rabbit NaCl cotransporter was first cloned and rabbit-specific primers selected. A micro-assay was developed to assess 11 beta-HSD 2 enzyme activity in 0.5 mm samples of the same nephron segments. RESULTS: NaCl cotransporter was expressed in 0 of 6 proximal tubule (PT), 6 of 6 DCT and 3 of 6 CCD samples, while 11 beta-HSD was found in 0 of 7 PT, 7 of 7 DCT and 9 of 9 CCD samples. Corticosterone was converted to 11-dehydrocorticosterone at a high rate and to a similar extent by both the DCT and CCD, but not the PT. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the DCT is a target tissue for the action of aldosterone. Axial heterogeneity of electroneutral (in DCT) and electrogenic (in CCD) Na transporters along the distal nephron may improve sodium recovery in low salt and volume states." ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 1550 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9690213_MESH:D000450_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aldosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000450" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D000450_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aldosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000450" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D049971_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D049971" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D012965_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NaCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012965" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D012965_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NaCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012965" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D000450_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aldosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000450" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_25117_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "11 beta-HSD 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25117" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D003345_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Corticosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003345" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:C003552_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "11-dehydrocorticosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C003552" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CCD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D000450_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aldosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1365, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000450" } ] }, { "id": "9690213_MESH:D012964_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1504, 1510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17726895_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Not Available]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "id": "17726895_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 17 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5782963_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Screening results of plants for phytoecdysones." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "5782963_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 48 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34447575_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Did giraffe cardiovascular evolution solve the problem of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 105 ] ] }, { "id": "34447575_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The evolved adaptations of other species can be a source of insight for novel biomedical innovation. Limitations of traditional animal models for the study of some pathologies are fueling efforts to find new approaches to biomedical investigation. One emerging approach recognizes the evolved adaptations in other species as possible solutions to human pathology. The giraffe heart, for example, appears resistant to pathology related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)-a leading form of hypertension-associated cardiovascular disease in humans. Here, we postulate that the physiological pressure-induced left ventricular thickening in giraffes does not result in the pathological cardiovascular changes observed in humans with hypertension. The mechanisms underlying this cardiovascular adaptation to high blood pressure in the giraffe may be a bioinspired roadmap for preventive and therapeutic strategies for human HFpEF." ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 1053 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34447575_9894_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "giraffe" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 11 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9894" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_MESH:D006333_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_9894_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "giraffe" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9894" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_MESH:D006333_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 557 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_MESH:D006973_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_MESH:D002318_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 663 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 673 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_9894_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "giraffes" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 773 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9894" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 851 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_MESH:D006973_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 869 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_9894_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "giraffe" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9894" } ] }, { "id": "34447575_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2102866_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Detection of PR-b proteins in tobacco roots infected with Chalara elegans." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 74 ] ] }, { "id": "2102866_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "All previous studies on pathogenesis-related (b) protein (PR-b) induction in tobacco have been carried out on leaves or callus tissue. This paper reports the production of PR-b proteins also in roots of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NC) infected with Chalara elegans. Antiserum against PR-b1 reacted with PR-b1, PR-b2 and PR-b3 and gave the same pattern of reaction as for leaves. Antiserum against PR-b5 revealed the presence of PR-b4, PR-b5 and, very weakly, PR-b6 which have been shown to be beta-1,3 glucanases. Antiserum against PR-b7 reacted with both PR-b7 and PR-b8 which are chitinases." ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 685 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2102866_243120_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tobacco roots" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "243120" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_124036_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Chalara elegans" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "124036" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_4097_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tobacco" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4097" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_4097_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tobacco" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4097" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_4097_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Nicotiana tabacum" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4097" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_OMIM:617025_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Xanthi NC" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "OMIM:617025" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_MESH:D007239_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2102866_124036_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Chalara" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 348 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "124036" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11979973_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Recent progress of bone cell culture system (review)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] }, { "id": "11979973_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 56 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "876411_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[How to treat swelling of the testicles]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "876411_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 42 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "876411_MESH:D004487_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004487" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16502913_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Do no harm? Health care and the environment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ] }, { "id": "16502913_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 45 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33283327_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "'Too late or too soon': The ethics of advance care planning in dementia setting." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 80 ] ] }, { "id": "33283327_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Advance care planning (ACP) is considered a pivotal aid in the decision-making process, especially for many people living with dementia, who inevitably will lose the capacity to make decisions at the end of life. In Italy, ACP has been recently regulated by law 219/2017, leading to the investigation of how physicians deal with ACP in dementia. In order to comprehend the perception of physicians who provide care for patients with dementia regarding ACP and to describe their difficulties and needs, this study presents the results of a qualitative research study performed within a local health authority in northern Italy. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 11 physicians dealing with patients with dementia and were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were identified, describing both the difficulties and challenges perceived by physicians in performing shared ACP in their daily activities. This study demonstrates that physicians experience troubles synchronizing the time of shared ACP with the more rapid development of dementia. Results also suggest that further training about communication on ACP is urgently required to ease the implementation of shared ACP. A broader involvement of institutions and other professionals is also important in spreading ACP among healthcare institutions." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 1448 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33283327_MESH:D003704_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_MESH:D003704_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_MESH:D003704_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_MESH:D003704_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_MESH:D003704_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "33283327_MESH:D003704_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31393296_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Growth Friendly Surgery and Serial Cast Correction in the Treatment of Early-onset Scoliosis for Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 133 ] ] }, { "id": "31393296_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) patients can present with scoliosis which can be treated with serial cast correction (SCC) or with growth friendly surgery (GFS). This study's purpose was to describe the results of SCC as well as GFS for PWS patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS). METHODS: PWS patients were identified from 2 international multicenter EOS databases. Scoliosis, kyphosis, spine height (T1-S1), right/left hemithoracic heights/widths (RHTH, LHTH, RHTW, LHTW) were measured pretreatment, postoperation, and at 2-year follow-up. Complications were recorded. RESULTS: Overall, 23 patients with 2-year follow-up were identified. Pretreatment; patients treated with SCC (n=10) had mean age of 1.8+-0.6 years; body mass index (BMI), 16+-1.5 kg/m; scoliosis, 45+-18 degrees; kyphosis, 56+-9 degrees; T1-S1, 22.4+-2.4 cm; RHTH, 8.0+-2.0 cm; LHTH, 8.5+-1.7 cm; RHTW, 6.6+-1.3 cm; and LHTW, 8.0+-1.0 cm. Patients treated with GFS (n=13) had mean age of 5.8+-2.6 years; BMI, 21+-5.4 kg/m; scoliosis, 76+-14 degrees; kyphosis, 59+-25 degrees; T1-S1, 24.1+-3.6 cm; RHTH, 10.0+-1.6 cm; LHTH, 10.6+-1.6 cm; RHTW, 9.4+-2.5 cm; and LHTW, 8.1+-2.8 cm. At 2-year follow-up, patients treated with SCC had mean scoliosis 37+-11 degrees (18% correction, P=0.06); kyphosis, 42+-6 degrees (NS); T1-S1, 26.4+-2.1 cm (P<0.01); RHTH, 9.0+-1.1 cm (13%; P=0.30); LHTH, 10.0+-1.5 cm (18%, P<0.01); RHTW, 7.4+-1.1 cm (12%, P<0.01); and LHTW, 8.0+-1.0 cm (0%, P=0.34). At 2-year follow-up, patients treated with GFS had mean scoliosis 42+-13 degrees (45% correction, P<0.000001); kyphosis, 53+-13 degrees (10%, P=0.19); T1-S1, 31.5+-5.4 cm (P<0.00001); RHTH, 12.0+-2.4 cm (20%; P<0.01); LHTH, 12.0+-1.7 cm (13%; P<0.01); RHTW, 9.8+-1.3 cm (4%; P=0.27); and LHTW, 7.9+-2.3 cm (3%;P=0.11). As an entire group, patients with a BMI>17 kg/m2 had more device-related than disease-related complications (P=0.09). Patients treated with SCC had 0.9 complications per patient. Patients treated with GFS had 2.2 complications per patient [<=5 y more often had >=2 complications (P=0.05)]. CONCLUSIONS: At 2-year follow-up, SCC and GFS were both effective in treating EOS in PWS patients. Patients treated with SCC had significant improvements in spine height and LHTH. Patients treated with GFS had significant improvements in scoliosis magnitude, spine height, RHTH, and LHTH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-therapeutic study." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 2541 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D011218_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Prader-Willi Syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011218" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D011218_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Prader-Willi syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011218" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D011218_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PWS" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011218" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D011218_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PWS" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011218" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 418 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D011218_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PWS" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011218" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D007738_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "kyphosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 531 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007738" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 745 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 807 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 910 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D007738_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "kyphosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007738" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D007738_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "kyphosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007738" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1315, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1350, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D007738_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "kyphosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007738" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1618, 1626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D007738_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "kyphosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1708, 1716 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007738" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1936, 1944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2034, 2042 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 2086, 2093 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_30", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2095, 2103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 2147, 2154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D011218_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PWS" ], "offsets": [ [ 2291, 2294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011218" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_33", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2295, 2303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2305, 2313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_9606_35", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2386, 2394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31393296_MESH:D012600_36", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scoliosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2444, 2453 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012600" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7460975_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Vasomotor origin of intracranial pressure waves in hydrocephalic infants." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "7460975_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "By measuring cerebral blood volume (CBV) and intracranial pressure (ICP) variations at the same running time during sleep, it has been demonstrated that the ICP wave which appears during the REM sleep in hydrocephalic infants is produced by intracerebral vaso-dilatation. Nine infants with stabilized hydrocephalus were investigated by non-invasive means: REM phases were distinguished with the usual polysomnographic electrodes. Intracranial pressure was measured with a fontanel palpation transducer and CBV variations were obtained by recording 99mTc activity at the head level after in vivo labelling of red cells with 99mTc--pertechnetate. The time-activity curves, obtained from regions of interest and selected on the sequential radioisotope images, show that an increased ICP wave, occurring during the REM period, is related to a simultaneous increase in the blood volume, limited to the cerebral sector and not to the area of the external carotid artery." ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 1038 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7460975_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7460975_MESH:D012893_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "REM sleep in hydrocephalic" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012893" } ] }, { "id": "7460975_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7460975_MESH:D002543_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intracerebral vaso-dilatation" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002543" } ] }, { "id": "7460975_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7460975_MESH:D006849_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hydrocephalus" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 388 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006849" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5438928_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Activity of the fibrin stabilizing factor in the neonatal period]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 67 ] ] }, { "id": "5438928_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 68 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2990581_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Activation-associated alterations in neutrophil pyridine nucleotide levels: a potential regulatory role for calcium and calmodulin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 131 ] ] }, { "id": "2990581_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The concentration of NADP + NADPH in resting human neutrophils has been measured to be 24.0 +/- 2.7 X 10(-18) mol/cell. Upon activation with opsonized zymosan A, phorbol myristic acetate or N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine, neutrophil NADP + NADPH pools increase to 80.5, 84.0, and 54.0 X 10(-18) mol/cell, respectively. These increases in pyridine nucleotide concentration are blocked by the addition of the calcium antagonist 8-(N,N-dimethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride, while calcium ionophore A23187, in the presence of calcium, will trigger the increase in the absence of other stimuli. Calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide also inhibit stimulus-induced increases in the NADP + NADPH pool. These studies are interpreted as suggesting a role for calcium and calmodulin, and possibly protein kinase C in the regulation of pyridine nucleotide concentration in the activated neutrophil." ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 1105 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2990581_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridine nucleotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D002118_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_801_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calmodulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 130 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "801" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_1666_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NADPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1666" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phorbol myristic acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 318 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D009240_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009240" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D009249_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADP +" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009249" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_1666_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NADPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1666" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridine nucleotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D002118_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "8-(N,N-dimethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D002118_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 646 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D000001_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "A23187" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 663 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000001" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D002118_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 691 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_801_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Calmodulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "801" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D014268_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trifluoperazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 790 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014268" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:C017967_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 846 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C017967" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D009249_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADP" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009249" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_1666_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NADPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 906 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1666" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_MESH:D002118_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_801_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calmodulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 990 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "801" } ] }, { "id": "2990581_-_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridine nucleotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24035207_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The feature of preventable adverse events in hospitals in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "24035207_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features of preventable adverse events (AEs) in hospitals inpatient in the State of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, in order to identify elements that serve as a substrate for priority actions aimed at improving patient safety. METHODS: Analysis of data from a baseline retrospective cohort study to assess the incidence of AEs in a sample of records in three teaching hospitals in the State of Rio de Janeiro to describe the features of preventable AEs. RESULTS: In a sample of 1,103 patients, were identified 65 preventable AEs of 56 patients who suffered preventable AEs. The healthcare associated infections (HAI) accounted for 24.6% of preventable AEs; surgical complications and/or anesthetic, 20.0%; damages arising from delay or failure in diagnosis and/or treatment, 18.4%, pressure ulcers, 18.4%; damage from complications of venipuncture, 7.7%; damage due to falls, 6.2%; damage as a result of the use of drugs, 4.6%. The preventable AEs were responsible for additional 373 days of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The HAI is the major preventable AEs, as observed in other developing countries. Despite the limitations of the study, the characterization of preventable AEs indicates that known and effective actions available to reduce HAI, such as hand hygiene, to prevent pressure ulcers, to encourage adherence to protocol and clinical guidelines and to create continuing education programs for health professionals, should compose the list of priorities of hospital managers and health professionals involved in the care of hospitalized patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1672 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24035207_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24035207_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24035207_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 660 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24035207_MESH:D007239_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 727 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "24035207_MESH:D006333_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "delay or failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 860 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "24035207_MESH:D014456_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 914 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014456" } ] }, { "id": "24035207_MESH:D014456_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014456" } ] }, { "id": "24035207_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1663, 1671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20111882_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Thoracic CT findings of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection in immunocompromised patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 89 ] ] }, { "id": "20111882_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The goal of this study is to describe the spectrum of initial and follow-up CT findings of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection in a series of immunocompromised patients. Eight immunocompromised patients with documented novel influenza A (H1N1) had CT imaging at our institution between May 2009 and August 2009. A total of 20 CTs (initial and follow-up) were reviewed for the presence, severity, and distribution of the following: ground glass opacity, consolidation, interlobular septal thickening, mosaic perfusion, airway wall thickening, airway dilatation, nodules, cysts, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, lymphadenopathy, and air trapping. The most common findings were airway thickening/dilatation, peribronchial ground glass opacity, centrilobular nodules, and tree-in-bud opacities. Peripheral consolidation involving the lower lobes was also a common pattern. Findings frequently involved all lobes and were closely associated with either large or small airways. Two patients presented with atypical CT findings including focal lobar consolidation and patchy lower lobe consolidation with soft tissue centrilobular nodules. Most survivors showed near complete resolution of findings within 35 days. CT scans in immunocompromised patients with novel influenza H1N1 commonly show a strong airway predominance of findings or peripheral areas of consolidation involving the lower lobes. A subset of patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) will show findings not typical of viral infection." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 1589 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20111882_114727_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_114727_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_MESH:D007239_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 215 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_114727_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_MESH:D010996_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pleural effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 682 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010996" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_MESH:D010490_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pericardial effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010490" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_MESH:D008206_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lymphadenopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008206" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_114727_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_114727_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1533, 1537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "20111882_MESH:D001102_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "viral infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1573, 1588 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9294909_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lipofuscin product accumulation, insufficient antioxidant defence in erythrocytes and plasma and enhanced susceptibility to oxidative haemolysis after thermal trauma." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 166 ] ] }, { "id": "9294909_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The mechanism of increased susceptibility of red blood cells to oxidative haemolysis in the early post-burn period remains unclear. In this study it was revealed that the accumulation of lipofuscin products in red blood cells was accompanied by the elevation of oxidative haemolysis on the 24th hour after thermal trauma of rats (full thickness skin, on 20% of TBSA). Enhanced thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS) and lowered levels of antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin and albumin were found in plasma. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentration of alpha-tocopherol and reduced glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes were also diminished. The results from this study suggest that plasma and intracellular antioxidant deficiency can potentiate oxidative membrane damage. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.72) between increased levels of lipofuscin products and oxidative haemolysis of red blood cells. The enhanced susceptibility of erythrocytes to oxidative haemolysis may be considered as an indirect but sensitive indicator of the impaired antioxidant defence of these blood cells following thermal skin injury. The decreased resistance of red blood cell to oxidative haemolysis under the conditions of reduced antioxidant defence of erythrocytes and blood plasma suggests that adequate antioxidant therapy could prevent all these complications after thermal skin injury." ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 1594 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9294909_MESH:D008062_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lipofuscin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008062" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D014947_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D008062_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipofuscin" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008062" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D014947_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TBARS" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D024502_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alpha-tocopherol" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D024502" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_24268_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ceruloplasmin" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24268" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D024502_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alpha-tocopherol" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D024502" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D005978_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D005978_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GSH" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 814 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D008062_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipofuscin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008062" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D012871_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1322, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "9294909_MESH:D012871_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1582, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22919637_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Conserved transcriptional unit organization of the cag pathogenicity island among Helicobacter pylori strains." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "22919637_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The Helicobacter pyloricag pathogenicity island (cag PAI) encodes a type IV secretion system that is more commonly found in strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal disease than from those with asymptomatic gastritis. Genome-wide organization of the transcriptional units in H. pylori strain 26695 was recently established using RNA sequence analysis (Sharma et al., 2010). Here we used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of open reading frames and intergenic regions to identify putative cag PAI operons in H. pylori; these operons were analyzed further by transcript profiling after deletion of selected promoter regions. Additionally, we used a promoter-trap system to identify functional cag PAI promoters. The results demonstrated that expression of genes on the H. pyloricag PAI varies by nearly five orders of magnitude and that the organization of cag PAI genes into transcriptional units is conserved among several H. pylori strains, including, 26695, J99, G27, and J166. We found evidence for 20 transcripts within the cag PAI, many of which likely overlap. Our data suggests that there are at least 11 operons: cag1-4, cag3-4, cag10-9, cag8-7, cag6-5, cag11-12, cag16-17, cag19-18, cag21-20, cag23-22, and cag25-24, as well as five monocistronic genes (cag4, cag13, cag14, cag15, and cag26). Additionally, the location of four of our functionally identified promoters suggests they are directing expression of, in one case, a truncated version of cag26 and in the other three, transcripts that are antisense to cag7, cag17, and cag23. We verified expression of two of these antisense transcripts, those antisense to cag17 and cag23, by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Taken together, our results suggest that the cag PAI transcriptional profile is generally conserved among H. pylori strains, 26695, J99, G27, and J166, and is likely complex." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 2017 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22919637_210_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 101 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "210" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_85962_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Helicobacter" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "85962" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_MESH:D010437_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastroduodenal disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010437" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_MESH:D005756_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 337 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005756" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_85962_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H. pylori strai" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "85962" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_210_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H. pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 664 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "210" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_210_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H. pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 1071, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "210" } ] }, { "id": "22919637_210_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H. pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 1949, 1958 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "210" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28384326_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with hepatitis virus infection." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 95 ] ] }, { "id": "28384326_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remains unclear. Possible causes of SSNHL include vascular diseases, viral infection, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, we investigated whether hepatitis virus infection is correlated with the risk of SSNHL. Using data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, we conducted a retrospective matched-cohort study to compare patients diagnosed with hepatitis B or C virus (HBV/HCV) infections from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2010, (N = 170,942) with frequency-matched controls (N = 512,826) at a ratio of 1:3 by sex, age, and index year. We followed each patient until the end of 2010 and evaluated the incidence of SSNHL. At the end of the follow-up period, 647 (0.38%, 647/170,942) patients developed SSNHL in the HBV/HCV group compared with 978 (0.19%, 978/512,826) in the control groups, with a statistical significance of P < 0.001 (using the log-rank test). The incidence rate ratio of SSNHL was 5.743-fold higher in the HBV/HCV group than in the control group (283.17 vs. 49.31 per 100,000 person-years, P < 0.001). The risk of SSNHL increased with HBV/HCV infection, and an adjusted hazard ratio of 5.103 (95% CI, 4.585-5.678) was determined using Cox proportional hazards regression. This study contributes to the awareness of the increased risk of SSNHL in HBV/HCV-infected populations. Our findings suggest that an underlying viral infection contributes to the development of SSNHL." ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 1567 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sudden sensorineural hearing loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006525_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatitis virus infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006525" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sudden sensorineural hearing loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D000783_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vascular diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000783" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D001102_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "viral infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D001327_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autoimmune disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001327" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006525_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatitis virus infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006525" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 363 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006509_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 528 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006509" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D007239_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 560 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006526_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HBV/HCV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006526" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006526_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HBV/HCV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 1441, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006526" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D001102_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "viral infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1511, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "28384326_MESH:D006313_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SSNHL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006313" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11760592_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Medical devices that incorporate medicines." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ] }, { "id": "11760592_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "There are now thousands of medical devices in use for the diagnosis, prevention, treatment or monitoring or disease or disability, and for contraception. Some of the devices used within the body also incorporate a medicine. What are the implications for the regulation of, and dissemination of information about, such products?" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 371 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11760592_MESH:D002658_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "disability" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002658" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5240835_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "William Getz contributes one hundred thousand dollars." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "5240835_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 55 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34749267_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Electric scooters accidents: Analyses of two Swedish accident data sets." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "34749267_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Since august 2018 electric scooters (e-scooters) are available in selected cities in Sweden, operated by several different operators. There is a growing concern regarding their safety as they grow in popularity. The aim with this study was to investigate injuries associated with e-scooters in Sweden and to identify accident characteristics. In addition, the aim was to observe how different data collection procedures and samples may influence the results. Two complementary data sets were used; insurance data including all reported injuries to Folksam Insurance Group during the period January 2019 to May 2020 and the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition database (STRADA), the national system for road traffic injury data collection, was used to study accident related to e-scooter use in the Stockholm city area between May and the end of August 2019. Most of the injuries associated with e-scooters occurred in single crashes, but in 13% of the accidents another road user was injured, either due to interactions with e-scooters or due to a parked e-scooter being a hazard. In both data sets more than half of the accidents occurred during weekends. In total 46% of all who had visited an emergency department the accident occurred during night-time (10 pm to 6 am). The overall large proportion of injuries to the head and face indicates the need for actions aimed to increase helmet use among e-scooter riders. Local authorities should take a wider responsibility since one third of all accidents primarily occurred due to lack of maintenance or that the rider hit a curb stone. In comparison to hospital data, insurance claims include riders with all types of injuries irrespectively what type of healthcare the rider was seeking. Hence, to better understand the consequences and to make the right decisions regarding countermeasures aimed to improve the safety of e-scooter riding, data from different data source are needed." ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 2015 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20411521_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Emergency response and disease control--a discussion of alternative objectives for zoning in the age of agricultural bioterrorism." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 130 ] ] }, { "id": "20411521_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Emergency planning activities in most developed countries have increased as a result of such events as the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the emergence of the highly pathogenic Asian strain of avian influenza, H5N1. The threat of terrorist activities, combined with advances in science and technology, have resulted in an expanded spectrum of threat for humans, animals, plants and the environment. It is possible that an attack or disease incursion could be so catastrophic and devastating that the resources to combat it would be rapidly overwhelmed. In these cases, it may be necessary to develop an alternative strategy. The author discusses the concept of protective zoning. Protective zoning is a strategy to salvage or protect a smaller segment of an agriculture sector or geographic area when resources are insufficient to protect the entire sector or area. This change in orientation will be extremely controversial and the exact criteria to determine when the situation warrants a change in objective, as well as the precise activities to be performed, must be determined by all stakeholders well in advance. Changes to other activities in current emergency plans may be required. The impact on the recovery phase plans will be significant." ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 1391 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20411521_102793_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H5N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "102793" } ] }, { "id": "20411521_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9409057_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Human immunodeficiency virus infection and rheumatic disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "9409057_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 62 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9409057_MESH:D001102_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "immunodeficiency virus infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 38 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "9409057_MESH:D012216_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rheumatic disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012216" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31809124_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Anomalous Nonlocal Conductance as a Fingerprint of Chiral Majorana Edge States." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "31809124_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A chiral p-wave superconductor is the primary example of topological systems hosting chiral Majorana edge states. Although candidate materials exist, the conclusive signature of chiral Majorana edge states has not yet been observed in experiments. Here, we propose a smoking-gun experiment to detect the chiral Majorana edge states on the basis of theoretical results for the nonlocal conductance in a device consisting of a chiral p-wave superconductor and two ferromagnetic leads. The chiral nature of Majorana edge states causes an anomalously long-range and chirality-sensitive nonlocal transport in these junctions. These two drastic features enable us to identify the moving direction of chiral Majorana edge states in the single experimental setup." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 835 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10248406_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Solve nurse shortage with dual attack." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 38 ] ] }, { "id": "10248406_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 39 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19224183_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Bases and methods of suturing]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "id": "19224183_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "If pharmaceutic modulation of scar formation does not improve the quality of the healing process over conventional healing, the surgeon must rely on personal skill and experience. Therefore a profound knowledge of wound healing based on experimental and clinical studies supplemented by postsurgical means of scar management and basic techniques of planning incisions, careful tissue handling, and thorough knowledge of suturing remain the most important ways to avoid abnormal scarring. This review summarizes the current experimental and clinical bases of surgical scar management." ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 616 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13521766_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Iodochlorohydroxquinoline (vioform) hydrocortisone cream and lotion in superficial fungus infections." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "13521766_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 102 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13521766_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Iodochlorohydroxquinoline" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "13521766_MESH:D007464_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vioform" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007464" } ] }, { "id": "13521766_MESH:D006854_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrocortisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006854" } ] }, { "id": "13521766_MESH:D009181_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fungus infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009181" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32738478_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A Rare Case of Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis in a COVID-19 Patient." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "32738478_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 74 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32738478_MESH:D004684_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004684" } ] }, { "id": "32738478_MESH:C000657245_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "32738478_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16812129_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effects of number of responses on the postreinforcement pause in fixed-interval schedules." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "16812129_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The present study manipulated the number of responses in a modified fixed-interval schedule by imposing a blackout after each unreinforced response during the interval. The blackout duration was varied, and the duration of the fixed interval was held constant. The subjects were initially exposed to a fixed-interval 300-sec schedule. Blackout durations of 0, 10, and 50 sec were used. Following this, a fixed-interval 30-sec schedule was used with blackout durations of 0, 1, and 5 sec. Under the fixed-interval 300-sec schedule, the number of interreinforcement responses varied over a wider range than occurred under the fixed-interval 30-sec schedule. The duration of the postreinforcement pause decreased as blackout durations were increased and number of responses decreased on the fixed-interval 300-sec schedule, but pause length did not vary with changes in blackout duration and number of responses for the fixed-interval 30-sec schedule. The differences in the effects of blackout duration and response manipulation on the two fixed-interval schedules were attributed to relatively greater changes in the number of interreinforcement responses for the fixed-interval 300-sec schedule." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1290 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12087707_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Care of patients with brain injury in the critical care environment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "12087707_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Nurses caring for patients with brain injuries need to be aware of the effect of such injuries on brain anatomy and the problems associated with a rise in intracranial pressure. This paper examines the main aspects of nursing care for brain-injured patients. Further research is required in many areas of management in this patient group to provide up-to-date, evidence-based care." ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 450 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12087707_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 16 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12087707_MESH:D001930_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001930" } ] }, { "id": "12087707_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12087707_MESH:D001930_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001930" } ] }, { "id": "12087707_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12087707_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14388195_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Are anticoagulants too dangerous for general use?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] }, { "id": "14388195_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 50 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12982608_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Angiopneumography in pulmonary tuberculosis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 46 ] ] }, { "id": "12982608_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 47 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12982608_MESH:D014397_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1607459_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma metastatic to the skin. An histologic mimic of a primary sweat gland carcinoma." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 104 ] ] }, { "id": "1607459_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are tumors that usually arise from salivary glands and have a characteristic histologic pattern of atypical squamous cells showing focal mucin production. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are uncommon neoplasms that metastasize most commonly via lymphatic and hematogenous channels. We report what we believe to be the first case of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from a sublingual salivary gland with metastasis to a distant site on the skin. The patient is a 58-year-old black woman who was initially diagnosed with a high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands of the tongue. Approximately 18 months after presentation, and 6 months following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the patient noted a firm nodule on her flank. Biopsy showed malignant squamous epithelium. Periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue stains revealed focal mucin production. The histologic differential diagnosis included an eccrine carcinoma, mucin-producing adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation, a primary cutaneous adenosquamous (mucoepidermoid) carcinoma and a malignant mixed tumor of the skin. Clinical correlation was essential in making the correct diagnosis. While mucoepidermoid carcinomas only uncommonly show distant metastasis, and even less frequently involve the skin, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of mucin-producing neoplasms in the skin." ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 1522 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1607459_MESH:D018277_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018277" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D018277_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Mucoepidermoid carcinomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 130 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018277" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_100508689_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mucin" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100508689" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D018277_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Mucoepidermoid carcinomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018277" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neoplasms" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 683 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 846 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D002294_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignant squamous epithelium" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 924 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002294" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D010504_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Periodic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 939 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010504" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D000423_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcian blue" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 962 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000423" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_100508689_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mucin" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 990 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100508689" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_100508689_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mucin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100508689" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D000230_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "adenocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000230" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1222 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_100508689_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mucin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1489 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100508689" } ] }, { "id": "1607459_MESH:D009369_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neoplasms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30771146_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Phytosterols and triterpenes from Morinda lucida Benth. exhibit binding tendency against class I HDAC and HDAC7 isoforms." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "30771146_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The important role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the development of cancer has been demonstrated by various studies. Thus targeting HDACs with inhibitors is a major focus in anticancer drug research. Although few synthetic HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) have been approved for cancer treatment, they have significant undesirable side effects. Therefore emphases have been placed on natural HDIs as substitutes for the synthetic ones. In a bid to identify more HDIs, this study evaluated the binding tendency of compounds derived from Morinda lucida Benth. towards selected HDACs for the discovery of potent HDIs as potential candidates for anticancer therapeutics, based on the report of anticancer potentials of Morinda lucida-derived extracts and compounds. Givinostat and 49 Morinda-lucida derived compounds were docked against selected HDAC isoforms using AutodockVina, while binding interactions were viewed with Discovery Studio Visualizer, BIOVIA, 2016. Druglikeness and Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion (ADME) parameters of the top 7 compounds were evaluated using the Swiss online ADME web tool. The results revealed that out of the 49 compounds, 3 phytosterols (campesterol, cycloartenol, and stigmasterol) and 2 triterpenes (oleanolic acid and ursolic acid) exhibited high HDAC inhibitory activity compared to givinostat. These 5 compounds also fulfill oral drugability of Lipinski rule of five. Morinda lucida-derived phytosterols and triterpenes show high binding tendency towards the selected HDACs and exhibited good drugability characteristics and are therefore good candidates for further studies in the search for therapies against abnormalities linked with over-activity of HDACs." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1830 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30771146_MESH:D010840_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Phytosterols" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010840" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D014315_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triterpenes" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014315" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_339305_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morinda lucida Benth" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "339305" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D009369_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_339305_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morinda lucida Benth" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 673 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "339305" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_339305_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morinda lucida" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 846 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "339305" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:C575255_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Givinostat" ], "offsets": [ [ 879, 889 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C575255" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_339305_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morinda-lucida" ], "offsets": [ [ 897, 911 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "339305" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D010840_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phytosterols" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010840" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:C021273_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "campesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C021273" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:C100089_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cycloartenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1316, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C100089" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D013265_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "stigmasterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013265" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D014315_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triterpenes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014315" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D009828_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oleanolic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1381 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009828" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:C005466_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ursolic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C005466" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:C575255_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "givinostat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C575255" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_339305_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morinda lucida" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "339305" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D010840_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phytosterols" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1573 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010840" } ] }, { "id": "30771146_MESH:D014315_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triterpenes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1578, 1589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014315" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18793849_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Kinetic isotope effects in the oxidation of arachidonic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "18793849_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The reaction of soybean lipoxygenase-1 with linoleic acid has been extensively studied and displays very large kinetic isotope effects. In this work, substrate and solvent kinetic isotope effects as well as the viscosity dependence of the oxidation of arachidonic acid were investigated. The hydrogen atom abstraction step was rate-determining at all temperatures, but was partially masked by a viscosity-dependent step at ambient temperatures. The observed KIEs on k(cat) were large ( approximately 100 at 25 degrees C)." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 609 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18793849_MESH:D016718_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arachidonic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016718" } ] }, { "id": "18793849_3847_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "soybean" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3847" } ] }, { "id": "18793849_547923_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "lipoxygenase-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 86 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "547923" } ] }, { "id": "18793849_3847_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "soybean" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3847" } ] }, { "id": "18793849_547923_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "lipoxygenase-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "547923" } ] }, { "id": "18793849_MESH:D019787_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "linoleic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019787" } ] }, { "id": "18793849_MESH:D016718_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arachidonic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016718" } ] }, { "id": "18793849_MESH:D006859_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 388 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7256308_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Case report 145. Bilateral, almost symmetrical skeletal metastases (both femora) from bronchogenic carcinoma." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 109 ] ] }, { "id": "7256308_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 110 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7256308_MESH:D009362_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] }, { "id": "7256308_MESH:D002283_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bronchogenic carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002283" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36270971_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "CoP/Fe-Co9 S8 for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting with Surface Reconstruction and Self-Termination." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 108 ] ] }, { "id": "36270971_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Highly efficient electrochemical water splitting is of prime importance in hydrogen energy but is suffered from the slow kinetics at the anodic oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, combining the surface activation with the heterostructure construction strategy, the CoP/Fe-Co9 S8 heterostructures as the pre-catalyst for highly efficient oxygen evolution are successfully synthesized. The catalyst only needs 156 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2 and keeps stable for more than 150 h. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, in situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations verify that the introduction of Fe can promote the formation of highly active Co(IV)-O sites and lead to a self-termination of surface reconstruction, which eventually creates a highly active and stable oxygen evolution catalytic surface. Besides, the catalyst also demonstrates high hydrogen evolution reaction activity with an overpotential of 62 mV@10 mA cm-2 . Benefiting from its bifunctionality and self-supporting property, the membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer equipped with these catalysts achieves high overall water splitting efficiency of 1.68 V@1 A cm-2 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 1284 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36270971_114769_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CoP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "114769" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:D007501_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Fe-Co9" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:C039415_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S8" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C039415" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:D006859_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:D010100_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_114769_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CoP" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "114769" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_2960_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fe" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 379 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2960" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:C039415_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S8" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 386 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C039415" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:D010100_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:C065987_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Co(IV)-O" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C065987" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:D010100_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 918 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "36270971_MESH:D006859_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 993, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29150954_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Physiological role of urothelial cancer-associated one long noncoding RNA in human skeletogenic cell differentiation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "29150954_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A vast number of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are found expressed in human cells, which RNAs have been developed along with human evolution. However, the physiological functions of these lncRNAs remain mostly unknown. In the present study, we for the first time uncovered the fact that one of such lncRNAs plays a significant role in the differentiation of chondrocytes and, possibly, of osteoblasts differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, which cells eventually construct the human skeleton. The urothelial cancer-associated 1 (UCA1) lncRNA is known to be associated with several human malignancies. Firstly, we confirmed that UCA1 was expressed in normal human chondrocytes, as well as in a human chondrocytic cell line; whereas it was not detected in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Of note, although UCA1 expression was undetectable in hBMSCs, it was markedly induced along with the differentiation toward chondrocytes, suggesting its critical role in chondrogenesis. Consistent with this finding, silencing of the UCA1 gene significantly repressed the expression of chondrogenic genes in human chondrocytic cells. UCA1 gene silencing and hyper-expression also had a significant impact on the osteoblastic phenotype in a human cell line. Finally, forced expression of UCA1 in a murine chondrocyte precursor, which did not possess a UCA1 gene, overdrove its differentiation into chondrocytes. These results indicate a physiological and important role of this lncRNA in the skeletal development of humans, who require more sustained endochondral ossification and osteogenesis than do smaller vertebrates." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1747 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29150954_MESH:D014523_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "urothelial cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014523" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 82 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 247 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 604 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "urothelial cancer-associated 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "UCA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 655 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_MESH:D009369_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "UCA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 754 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 784 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 820 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 881 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "UCA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "UCA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "UCA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1366, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "UCA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_10090_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_652995_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "UCA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1477, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "652995" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1641, 1647 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29150954_MESH:D010013_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteogenesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1706, 1718 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010013" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4187658_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Biochemical and morphological study of the blood in patients with transplanted cornea]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "4187658_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 89 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4187658_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5506452_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Notes on joint diseases. VII. The rheumatoid factor." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "5506452_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 53 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5506452_MESH:D007592_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "joint diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007592" } ] } ]

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