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--- |
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license: apache-2.0 |
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task_categories: |
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- question-answering |
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language: |
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- en |
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tags: |
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- finance |
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- music |
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- medical |
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- food |
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- academic disciplines |
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- natural disasters |
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- software |
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- synthetic |
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pretty_name: Using KGs to test knowledge consistency in LLMs |
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size_categories: |
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- 10K<n<100K |
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--- |
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For background on this dataset, please check https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.20163. |
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## What it is: |
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Each dataset in this delivery is made up of query clusters that test an aspect of the consistency of the LLM knowledge about a particular domain. All the questions in each |
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cluster are meant to be answered either 'yes' or 'no'. When the answers vary within a cluster, the knowledge is said to be inconsistent. When all the questions in a cluster |
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are answered 'no' when the expected answer is 'yes' (or viceversa), the knowledge is said to be 'incomplete' (i.e., maybe the LLM wasn't trained in that particular domain). |
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It is our experience that incomplete clusters are very few (less than 3%) meaning that the LLMs we have tested know about the domains included here (see below for a list of the |
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individual datasets), as opposed to inconsistent clusters, which can be between 6%-20% of the total clusters. |
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## How it is made: |
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The questions and clusters are automatically generated from a knowledge graph from seed concepts and properties. In our case, we have used Wikidata, |
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a well known knowledge graph. The result is an RDF/OWL subgraph that can be queried and reasoned over using Semantic Web technology. |
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## Types of query clusters |
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There are different types of query clusters depending on what aspect of the knowledge graph and its deductive closure they capture: |
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Edge clusters test a single edge using different questions. For example, to test the edge ('orthopedic pediatric surgeon', IsA, 'orthopedic surgeon), the positive |
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or 'edge_yes' (expected answer is 'yes') cluster is: |
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"is 'orthopedic pediatric surgeon' a subconcept of 'orthopedic surgeon' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic pediatric surgeon' a type of 'orthopedic surgeon' ?", |
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"is every kind of 'orthopedic pediatric surgeon' also a kind of 'orthopedic surgeon' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic pediatric surgeon' a subcategory of 'orthopedic surgeon' ?" |
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There are also inverse edge clusters (with questions like "is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subconcept of 'orthopedic pediatric surgeon' ?") and negative or 'edge_no' clusters |
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(with questions like "is 'orthopedic pediatric surgeon' a subconcept of 'dermatologist' ?") |
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Hierarchy clusters measure the consistency of a given path, including n-hop virtual edges (in graph's the deductive closure). For example, the path |
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('orthopedic surgeon', 'surgeon', 'medical specialist', 'medical occupation') is tested by the cluster below |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subconcept of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a type of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is every kind of 'orthopedic surgeon' also a kind of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subcategory of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subconcept of 'medical specialist' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a type of 'medical specialist' ?", |
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"is every kind of 'orthopedic surgeon' also a kind of 'medical specialist' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subcategory of 'medical specialist' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subconcept of 'medical_occupation' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a type of 'medical_occupation' ?", |
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"is every kind of 'orthopedic surgeon' also a kind of 'medical_occupation' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subcategory of 'medical_occupation' ?" |
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Property inheritance clusters test the most basic property of conceptualization. If an orthopedic surgeon is a type of surgeon, we expect that |
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all the properties of surgeons, e.g., having to be board certified, having attended medical school or working on the field of surgery, are inherited by orthopedic surgeons. |
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The example below tests the later: |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subconcept of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a type of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is every kind of 'orthopedic surgeon' also a kind of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is 'orthopedic surgeon' a subcategory of 'surgeon' ?", |
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"is the following statement true? 'orthopedic surgeon works on the field of surgery' ", |
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"is the following statement true? 'surgeon works on the field of surgery' ", |
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"is it accurate to say that 'orthopedic surgeon works on the field of surgery'? ", |
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"is it accurate to say that 'surgeon works on the field of surgery'? " |
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## List of datasets |
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To show the versatility of our approach, we have constructed similar datasets in the domains below. We test one property inheritance per dataset. The Wikidata main QNode |
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(the node corresponding to the entities) and PNode (the node corresponding to the property) are indicated in parenthesis. |
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### ACADEMIC_DISCIPLINES (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829) ONTOLOGY -- V1 = 443 CLUSTERS, "has use" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P366) |
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edges_yes = 52 |
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edges_no = 308 |
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edges_inv = 52 |
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hierarchies = 30 |
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property hierarchies = 1 |
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### DISHES (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746549) ONTOLOGY -- V1 = 1220 CLUSTERS, has parts (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P527) --> has ingredient |
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edges_yes = 225 |
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edges_no = 521 |
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edges_inv = 224 |
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hierarchies = 72 |
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property hierarchies = 178 |
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### FINANCIAL PRODUCT (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15809678) ONTOLOGY -- V1: 725 CLUSTERS, "used by" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1535) |
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edges_yes = 112 |
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edges_no = 433 |
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edges_inv = 108 |
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hierarchies = 40 |
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property hierarchies = 32 |
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### HOME APPLIANCES (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212920) ONTOLOGY -- V1 = 421 CLUSTERS, "has use" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P366) |
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edges_yes = 58 |
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edges_no = 261 |
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edges_inv = 58 |
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hierarchies = 31 |
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property hierarchies = 13 |
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### MEDICAL SPECIALTIES (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752) ONTOLOGY -- V1 = 740 CLUSTERS, "field of occupation" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P425) |
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edges_yes = 122 |
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edges_no = 386 |
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edges_inv = 114 |
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hierarchies = 55 |
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property hierarchies = 63 |
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### MUSIC_GENRES (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188451) ONTOLOGY -- V1 = 1990 CLUSTERS, "practiced by" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3095) |
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edges_yes = 490 |
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edges_no = 807 |
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edges_inv = 488 |
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hierarchies = 212 |
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property hierarchies = 139 |
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### NATURAL DISASTERS (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065) ONTOLOGY -- V1 = 357 CLUSTERS, "has cause" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P828) |
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edges_yes = 45 |
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edges_no = 225 |
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edges_inv = 44 |
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hierarchies = 21 |
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property hierarchies = 22 |
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### SOFTWARE (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397) ONTOLOGY -- V1: 849 CLUSTERS, "studied in" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P7397) is the property |
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edges_yes = 80 |
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edges_no = 572 |
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edges_inv = 79 |
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hierarchies = 114 |
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property hierarchies = 4 |
