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projected-20461471-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Tait
Robin Tait
Introduction
Robin Douglas Tait (14 April 1940 in , – 20 March 1984 in ) was a er, who represented New Zealand at two : 1968 and 1972. He represented New Zealand at six : , , , , and . He won the gold medal at the in the men's discus throw event, and the bronze in the same event in . Tait carried the New Zealand flag at the opening ceremony of the in , .
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1940 births", "1984 deaths", "New Zealand male discus throwers", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "Olympic athletes of New Zealand", "Athletes from Dunedin", "Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand", "Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for New Zealand", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games", "Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Commonwealth Games", "Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics" ]
projected-17324704-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomita%20Park%2C%20California
Lomita Park, California
Introduction
Lomita Park, California was a small adjacent to in , just west of the . It was roughly bounded by San Felipe Avenue, El Camino Real, San Juan Avenue, and the railroad tracks. The Southern Pacific acquired the original San Francisco to San Jose railroad, which was built in the 1860s. Southern Pacific operated both passenger and freight trains along the route. An interurban railroad ran parallel to the Southern Pacific, from to . Lomita Park's school children used the interurban trains to go to high school, first at (from 1902 to 1923) and then at (from 1923 to 1950). The completion of in September 1950 enabled Lomita Park children to walk to school. In 1912, was paved through San Bruno and Lomita Park. This was the first paved state highway in California. Originally a two-lane highway, El Camino Real was widened to four lanes in the late 1920s. It was part of the original routing of ; in the early 1960s, it was designated . El Camino Real is now mostly a six-lane highway, running from to . In 1927, a post office was established in the community with the name "Belmae Park," combining the names of Belle Mae Miggis the first post office lady.]." The name was changed to Lomita Park in 1933. The post office closed in 1957, but postal offices have continued in San Bruno and Millbrae. In 1953, San Bruno annexed the community. Lomita Park had its own Southern Pacific train station and some community services. The community still is identified as the "Lomita Park district" of San Bruno. The Lomita Park Elementary School is just south of the San Bruno city limits and is part of the Millbrae School District. Lomita Park has an elevation of 25 feet. Its location is: Latitude: 373700N, Longitude: 1222412W; Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 37.61667, Longitude: -122.40333.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "History of the San Francisco Bay Area", "Unincorporated communities in San Mateo County, California", "San Bruno, California", "Unincorporated communities in California" ]
projected-17324721-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malverde%20%28musician%29
Malverde (musician)
Introduction
Malverde is an American artist. He got his name from , the popular character of Mexican folklore.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "American male rappers", "American musicians of Mexican descent", "Hispanic and Latino American musicians", "People from Coachella, California", "Living people", "21st-century American rappers", "21st-century American male musicians", "Year of birth missing (living people)" ]
projected-17324721-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malverde%20%28musician%29
Malverde (musician)
Biography
Malverde is an American artist. He got his name from , the popular character of Mexican folklore.
A son of Mexican farm laborers, this native has dedicated himself to study and poetry, first writing lyrics referring to the legendary , and then developing raps around street life and culture. Malverde released his first album, Mi Palabra (My Word) in May 2004. In 2007 Malverde received even greater acknowledgement from the music community with hit "Vato," a collaboration with , and his album La Leyenda Continua, a release from and . Malverde was signed on as an artist where he exposed his fans to the single 'Este Camino.' He attended the University of California Riverside where he joined La Union Estudiantil de la Raza (UER). UER is a Latino organization focused on community service and academics.
[]
[ "Biography" ]
[ "American male rappers", "American musicians of Mexican descent", "Hispanic and Latino American musicians", "People from Coachella, California", "Living people", "21st-century American rappers", "21st-century American male musicians", "Year of birth missing (living people)" ]
projected-20461477-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walddeutsche
Walddeutsche
Introduction
Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or Taubdeutsche – "Deaf Germans"; – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of people, originally used in the 16th century for two s around and , in southeastern . Both of them were fully polonised before the 18th century, the term, however, survived up to the early 20th century as the designation na Głuchoniemcach, broadly and vaguely referring to the territory of present-day , which has seen a partial German settlement since the 14th century, mostly Slavicised long before the term was coined.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "German diaspora in Europe", "History of Lesser Poland", "History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)", "People from Podkarpackie Voivodeship", "History of ethnic groups in Poland", "Polish people of German descent", "German words and phrases", "History of Red Ruthenia" ]
projected-20461477-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walddeutsche
Walddeutsche
Nomenclature
Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or Taubdeutsche – "Deaf Germans"; – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of people, originally used in the 16th century for two s around and , in southeastern . Both of them were fully polonised before the 18th century, the term, however, survived up to the early 20th century as the designation na Głuchoniemcach, broadly and vaguely referring to the territory of present-day , which has seen a partial German settlement since the 14th century, mostly Slavicised long before the term was coined.
The term Walddeutsche – coined by the Polish historians , 1531, 1632, Bishop and – also sometimes refers to Germans living between and the part of the West Carpathian Plateau and the in Poland. The Polish term Głuchoniemcy is a sort of pun; it means "deaf-mutes", but sounds like "forest Germans": Niemcy, Polish for "Germans", is derived from niemy ("mute", unable to talk comprehensibly, i.e. in a ), and głuchy ("deaf", i.e. "unable to communicate") sounds similar to głusz meaning "".
[]
[ "Nomenclature" ]
[ "German diaspora in Europe", "History of Lesser Poland", "History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)", "People from Podkarpackie Voivodeship", "History of ethnic groups in Poland", "Polish people of German descent", "German words and phrases", "History of Red Ruthenia" ]
projected-20461477-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walddeutsche
Walddeutsche
History
Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or Taubdeutsche – "Deaf Germans"; – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of people, originally used in the 16th century for two s around and , in southeastern . Both of them were fully polonised before the 18th century, the term, however, survived up to the early 20th century as the designation na Głuchoniemcach, broadly and vaguely referring to the territory of present-day , which has seen a partial German settlement since the 14th century, mostly Slavicised long before the term was coined.
In the 14th century a German settlement called Hanshof existed in the area. The Church of the Assumption of Holy Mary and St. Michael's Archangel in (Poland), the oldest wooden Gothic temple in Europe, was erected in the 14th century and was added to the list of in 2003. Germans settled in the territory of the (territory of present-day and eastern part of ) from the 14th to 16th centuries (see ), mostly after the region returned to Polish sphere of influence in 1340, when took the towns. states that settled some Germans in the region to defend the borders against Hungary and Kievan Rus' but the arrivals were ill-suited to their task and turned to farming. mentions German peasants near , , , and , describing them as good farmers. Some Germans were attracted by kings seeking specialists in various trades, such as craftsmen and miners. They usually settled in newer market and mining settlements. The main settlement areas were in the vicinity of and some language islands in the and the regions. The settlers in the Pits region were known as Uplander Sachsen. Until approximately the 15th century, the ruling classes of most cities in present-day Beskidian Piedmont consisted almost exclusively of Germans. The Beskidian Germans underwent in the latter half of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century. According to , writing in 1858, the people did not understand German but called themselves Głuchoniemcy. wrote in 1869 that their attire was similar to that of the Hungarian and Transylvanian Germans and that their main occupations were farming and weaving. He stated that in some areas the people were of origin, however, they all spoke flawlessly in a dialect of Polish. In 1885, wrote that the Gluchoniemcy spoke only Polish, but there were traces of a variety of original languages which showed that, when they arrived, the term Niemiec was applied to "everyone". In the modern Polish language, Niemiec refers to Germans, however, in earlier centuries, it was sometimes also used in reference to Hungarians, possibly due to similarity with the word niemy or plural niemi for "mute" or "dumb".
[ "Haczów old latin church.jpg", "Markowa chata przyslupowa.jpg", "GermanHamletsSince15th.jpg" ]
[ "History" ]
[ "German diaspora in Europe", "History of Lesser Poland", "History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)", "People from Podkarpackie Voivodeship", "History of ethnic groups in Poland", "Polish people of German descent", "German words and phrases", "History of Red Ruthenia" ]
projected-20461477-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walddeutsche
Walddeutsche
Settlement
Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or Taubdeutsche – "Deaf Germans"; – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of people, originally used in the 16th century for two s around and , in southeastern . Both of them were fully polonised before the 18th century, the term, however, survived up to the early 20th century as the designation na Głuchoniemcach, broadly and vaguely referring to the territory of present-day , which has seen a partial German settlement since the 14th century, mostly Slavicised long before the term was coined.
Important cities of this region include , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
[]
[ "Settlement" ]
[ "German diaspora in Europe", "History of Lesser Poland", "History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)", "People from Podkarpackie Voivodeship", "History of ethnic groups in Poland", "Polish people of German descent", "German words and phrases", "History of Red Ruthenia" ]
projected-20461477-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walddeutsche
Walddeutsche
References
Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or Taubdeutsche – "Deaf Germans"; – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of people, originally used in the 16th century for two s around and , in southeastern . Both of them were fully polonised before the 18th century, the term, however, survived up to the early 20th century as the designation na Głuchoniemcach, broadly and vaguely referring to the territory of present-day , which has seen a partial German settlement since the 14th century, mostly Slavicised long before the term was coined.
. Die Polen und Ruthenen in Galizien. Kraków. 1896 (Głuchoniemcy/Walddeutsche S. 17.) . Grundriß der Geschichte der polnischen Bauern, Bd. 1, Lwów-Poznań, 1925; (Głuchoniemcy/Sachsen) S. 498 Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Bevölkerungsbilanzen für die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50, hrsg. vom Statistischen Bundesamt, Wiesbaden 1958, pages: 275–276 bis 281 "schlesisch- deutscher Gruppe bzw. die Głuchoniemców (Walddeutsche), zwischen Dunajez und San, Entnationalisierung im 16 Jh. und 18 Jh." : Bemerkungen zum Stand der Forschungen uber die Enklawen der mittelalterlichen deutschen Besiedlung zwischen Wisłoka und San. [in:] Późne średniowiecze w Karpatach polskich. red. Prof. Jan Gancarski. Krosno, 2007.
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "German diaspora in Europe", "History of Lesser Poland", "History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)", "People from Podkarpackie Voivodeship", "History of ethnic groups in Poland", "Polish people of German descent", "German words and phrases", "History of Red Ruthenia" ]
projected-20461493-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erma%20Werke
Erma Werke
Introduction
The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during it manufactured many firearms, including the , the and other s. The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1922 establishments in Germany", "Firearm manufacturers of Germany", "History of Erfurt" ]
projected-20461493-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erma%20Werke
Erma Werke
History
The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during it manufactured many firearms, including the , the and other s. The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore.
The Erfurter Maschinen- und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH was formed in 1922 in , , by Berthold Geipel. At the beginning of the 1930s the company started its firearms business, acquiring licenses to produce carbines like the 'Karabiner 98k' and rights to manufacture submachine guns ('Machine Pistols'), which received the designation 'EMP' for 'ERMA Maschinenpistole'.
[ "Mauser ERMA Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego 2014-white.jpg" ]
[ "History" ]
[ "1922 establishments in Germany", "Firearm manufacturers of Germany", "History of Erfurt" ]
projected-20461493-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erma%20Werke
Erma Werke
Firearms Production
The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during it manufactured many firearms, including the , the and other s. The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore.
The 'EMP' series was based on designs by which had been bought by Geipert in the early 1930s. These SMGs would be produced in different variants from 1932 (as direct copies of the Vollmer models) to 1938 and sold in Germany, but also to Spain, Mexico, China and Yugoslavia. The Spanish acquired a license for domestic production later on. By 1935 a license to produce repeating rifles of the Mauser Model 98 system has been acquired, production would go on until the early 1940s mid-war. Pre-war conversion kits as training devices, with subcaliber 'Insert Barrels' like the type 'Erma EL 24' (EL for 'Einstecklauf'), would also be sold for those weapons systems. In 1933 Berthold's brother Elmar Geipel is hired by the company. In 1934 the enterprise was renamed to Erfurter Maschinenfabrik B. Geipel GmbH, or 'ERMA' for short. In 1937 Berthold Geipel is appointed of Erfurt by the regime. From the version 'EMP 36' of ERMA the SMG '' and the following model '' had been developed under the guidance of Vollmer, and been accepted by the German , been put into production. In 1943 another SMG had been constructed by the 'ERMA-Werke', the 'Erma EMP 44', a very simplified Machine Pistol, which could have been manufactured with speed and in great numbers. Such a crudely designed firearm was not approved by the Wehrmacht at that time. Later reconsiderations on the viability for a setup to manufacture the firearm led to nowhere, although there had been certain demand by the end of the war. Similar designs for such simple SMGs had been met with success and these were issued in numbers to the Soviet army () and the British ( gun), to be used effectively for decades. During the war part of the Geipel enterprise was located at the Altonaer Straße 25 in Erfurt, an area on the campus of the Erfurt, founded in 1991. Furthermore, since about 1940 a ('Zwangsarbeitslager') for the nearby weaponry manufacture plants had been erected in the vicinity of said Fachhochschule. Around 2000 workers had been re-settled there in s to keep production going.
[ "EMP44 Aberdeen.jpg" ]
[ "Firearms Production" ]
[ "1922 establishments in Germany", "Firearm manufacturers of Germany", "History of Erfurt" ]
projected-20461493-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erma%20Werke
Erma Werke
Post war
The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during it manufactured many firearms, including the , the and other s. The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore.
In 1945 Geipel was arrested and imprisoned by the Allied occupation forces in Germany due to his involvement with the Nazi party. He was eventually freed and underwent , after which he worked for 'Vollmer GmbH' as assistant director to . Following the end of the war, the Thuringia region found itself in the . Marshal Zhukov of the ordered what was left of the 'ERMA' assets to be liquidated on August 31, 1948. Geipel re-established the company under the brand name ERMA-Werke in in 1949 and in 1952 the company moved to , near Munich. Geipel's son Rudolf became the Chief Engineer of the new company and for the first few years production was devoted to household appliances. Around 1952 'ERMA' was awarded a contract by the government of West Germany to service and produce parts for the various Allied forces weapons that had been supplied to the German police forces, notably s. The company also commenced manufacture of s and revolvers (like EGR 66), and rifles a.o. with lever actions. Following the foundation of the in May 1955, the Federal government gave ERMA permission to research and develop a new submachine gun; the aim was to replace the weapons given by the Allied forces to both West Germany's police and army. ERMA's design was, however, outbid and out-performed by a submission of the , which became the 'MP 2' issued to the (Deutsches Heer). In the 1960s the would be issued to the (Bundesmarine) and used by federal police forces. The financial resources expended in developing the new submachine gun had been quite substantial, and as a consequence 'ERMA-Werke' were taken over in 1961 by 'Fiberglide', a division of Lear-Siegler, which traded under the 'ERMA' brand name. Berthold Geipel and his son left the company. In October 1997 'ERMA Werke' commenced bankruptcy proceedings and in 1998 was taken over by '' (later 'Merkel'), at that time a division of Steyr-Mannlicher. An 'ERMA ' logo was used on their products for a while. By 2004 had taken over the Thuringian company forming the 'H&K Jagd und Sportwaffen GmbH' as hunting and shooting sports section under the 'Merkel' brand name, following which the 'ERMA' name and brand ceased to exist for manufacturing firearms.
[ "Ermaegr66x001.png" ]
[ "Post war" ]
[ "1922 establishments in Germany", "Firearm manufacturers of Germany", "History of Erfurt" ]
projected-20461493-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erma%20Werke
Erma Werke
Firearms manufactured
The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during it manufactured many firearms, including the , the and other s. The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore.
MP38 / , experimental low cost SMG EG 70, an M1 Carbine copy, ERMA manufactured parts for these weapons in the early 1950s and produced a .22 caliber training rifle modeled after the carbine that proved so popular it was commercially marketed as the EM-1 and available in Various low cost .22 caliber pistols resembling the KGP 68, .380 (9mm kurz) Clone , target pistol. , .22 caliber pistols resembling the . , variant of the pocket pistol. , .22 caliber pistols with 11 inch barrels for the West German Navy. Ithaca Model 72 Saddlegun, in .22LR and .22WMR EGR 66 and 66X, gas revolver, Smith & Wesson-Revolvers Model 36 copy, 66X is the stainless steel version
[]
[ "Firearms manufactured" ]
[ "1922 establishments in Germany", "Firearm manufacturers of Germany", "History of Erfurt" ]
projected-20461493-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erma%20Werke
Erma Werke
Further reading
The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during it manufactured many firearms, including the , the and other s. The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore.
A. J. R. Cormack (1972) Erma Submachine guns, Small Arms Profile 8, Profile Publications Ltd., G. de Vries, B.J. Martens: The MP 38, 40, 40/1 and 41 Submachine Gun, Vol. 2. Special Interest Publicaties BV, Arnhem 2001, Werner Limbrecht: ERMA & FEIMA: Berthold Geipel und seine Erfurter Waffenfabriken, Fachhochsch., 2009, . (German) ERMA-Werke Model E M1 .22 LR Self-Loading Rimfire Rifle
[]
[ "Further reading" ]
[ "1922 establishments in Germany", "Firearm manufacturers of Germany", "History of Erfurt" ]
projected-20461506-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainmore
Stainmore
Introduction
Stainmore is a remote geographic area in the on the border of , and . The name is used for a in the of , England, including the villages of North Stainmore and South Stainmore. The parish had a population of 253 in the 2001 census, increasing to 264 at the Census 2011. Stainmore stretches further east into County Durham, towards .
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Geography of Cumbria", "Scheduled monuments in Cumbria", "Civil parishes in Cumbria" ]
projected-20461506-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainmore
Stainmore
Geography
Stainmore is a remote geographic area in the on the border of , and . The name is used for a in the of , England, including the villages of North Stainmore and South Stainmore. The parish had a population of 253 in the 2001 census, increasing to 264 at the Census 2011. Stainmore stretches further east into County Durham, towards .
Stainmore is drained by the and the . It is crossed by the from to , now part of the , and formerly by the . Each of these lines of communication has made use of the relatively low broad saddle between the higher hills to north and south which is commonly referred to as the Stainmore Gap. The is around above sea level, though the roads climb to slightly higher elevations. The Gap is coincident with the Stainmore Summit Fault which throws the relatively flat-lying rocks of the area down to the south. It acted as a conduit for -originated ice to pass eastwards during one or more . There are several in the Stainmore area, and is a . The locality gives its name to the Stainmore Trough, a originating during the period and which lies between the to the north and the to the south.
[]
[ "Geography" ]
[ "Geography of Cumbria", "Scheduled monuments in Cumbria", "Civil parishes in Cumbria" ]
projected-20461506-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainmore
Stainmore
History
Stainmore is a remote geographic area in the on the border of , and . The name is used for a in the of , England, including the villages of North Stainmore and South Stainmore. The parish had a population of 253 in the 2001 census, increasing to 264 at the Census 2011. Stainmore stretches further east into County Durham, towards .
The place-name 'Stainmore' is first attested in a document of circa 990, where it appears as Stanmoir. It appears as Stanmore in the for the reign of , and as Staynmor in the of 1292. The name means 'stony moor'. According to , it was where (d. 954), recently expelled from York, was betrayed and killed, an event which some historians believe to have taken place in a great . include a Roman at Rey Cross and, immediately east of the camp, the itself (), also called Rere Cross (Scheduled monument, no. 32713). The of Brough with Stainmore has two churches: St Michael's, and St Stephen's, South Stainmore. St Stephen's was built by in 1600 and rebuilt by in 1842-3.
[]
[ "History" ]
[ "Geography of Cumbria", "Scheduled monuments in Cumbria", "Civil parishes in Cumbria" ]
projected-17324736-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Introduction
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-17324736-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Plot
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
In the film's prologue, a hotelier ushers a child into a bomb shelter during the . We see a brief flashback to a woman leaving her baby in a basement surrounded by flickering candles. Before departing from the house, she quickly drops a string of pearls on the child's pillow, twined around a single rose. Years later, 16-year-old Stella Bradshaw lives in a working class household with her Uncle Vernon and Aunt Lily in . Lacking an adult in her life to whom she feels close, she frequently goes into phone booths to "speak with her mother", who never appears in the film. Her uncle, who sees a theatrical career as being her only alternative to working behind the counter at , signs her up for speech lessons and pulls strings to get her involved at a local repertory theatre. After an unsuccessful audition, Stella gets a job gofering for Meredith Potter, the troupe's sleazy, eccentric director, and Bunny, his faithful stage manager. The impressionable Stella develops a crush on the worldly, self-absorbed Meredith, whose completely eludes her. Amused, he gives her the small role of in but ignores her otherwise. Meredith reveals himself to be an amoral, apathetic man who treats Stella and everyone else around him with scorn and condescension. He reserves his greatest cruelty for Dawn Allenby, a desperate older actress whom he callously dismisses from the company; she later attempts suicide. Meredith also has a long history of preying upon young men. Stella is quickly caught up in the backstage intrigue and also becomes an object of sexual advances from men in and around the theatre company, including P. L. O'Hara (), a brilliant actor who has returned to the troupe in a stint playing for its Christmas production of . In keeping with theatrical tradition, O'Hara also doubles as Mr. Darling. O'Hara carries himself with grace and charisma, but privately is as troubled and disillusioned as the other members of the cast. Haunted by his wartime experiences and a lost love who he believes bore him a son, O'Hara embarks on an affair with Stella, to whom he feels an inexplicably deep emotional connection. Stella, who is still determined to win over Meredith, remains emotionally detached, but takes advantage of O'Hara's affections, seeing an opportunity to gain sexual experience. The last straw for Stella is during a cast outing when Geoffrey, a fellow teenage stagehand whom Potter has been sexually toying with, bursts out and hits him in the nose. The cast rushes to comfort Geoffrey, but Stella exclaims that he ought to be sacked. O'Hara explains to her that Meredith has spent his life harming people like Geoffrey and causing pain to people like Bunny who really love him: "believe it or not, it doesn't much matter him or her, old or young to Meredith. What he wants is hearts." Concerned, O'Hara visits her aunt and uncle, who disclose Stella's history. He finds out that Stella's long-missing mother was his lost love, whom he then knew by the nickname Stella Maris, making Stella ⁠— whom he's been sleeping with ⁠— his child, a daughter rather than the son he had imagined. Keeping his discovery to himself, O'Hara gets on his motorcycle and drives back out to the seaport. Distracted by his new findings, he slips on a wet gangplank, hits his head, and is pitched into the water. Before he drowns, he sees the woman from earlier flashbacks, clutching the infant. Stella is later seen hastening to the phone booth to confide her woes over the phone. The absent Stella Maris had years ago won a nationwide contest to be the voice of the speaking clock. It is her recorded voice that provides the only response to her daughter's confidences.
[]
[ "Plot" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-17324736-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Cast
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
as P.L. O'Hara as Meredith Potter as Stella Bradshaw as Uncle Vernon as Bunny as Dawn Allenby as Aunt Lily as Rose Lipton as Richard St. Ives as Dotty Blundell as Desmond Fairchild as Geoffrey as John Harbour
[]
[ "Cast" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-17324736-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Production
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
, whose real name is Clare Woodgate, was initially declined when she first auditioned for the film. Upon rejection, she dyed her hair red, changed her name and reinvented herself as a teenage girl from Liverpool with no acting experience and applied again. The second time she got the role. Alan Rickman was reportedly miffed when he found out her true age. According to Mike Newell, he "treated her very tactfully, presuming that she was sexually inexperienced and could get upset by the scene." Hugh Grant based his characterization of Meredith on , a past director of his from . Principal photography took place mostly in ; the playhouse in the film was the .
[]
[ "Production" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-17324736-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Soundtrack
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
A soundtrack album was released on 20 June 1995 by Silva Screen Records. In addition to the original film score composed by , the Irish folk song "" is used as O'Hara's theme music throughout the film.
[]
[ "Soundtrack" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-17324736-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Box office
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
The film did not perform well at the box office, grossing only $593,350 in the United Kingdom and $258,195 in the . It grossed $2 million worldwide. However, received a nomination for Best Actress of the Year and was nominated for a for Best Director at the .
[]
[ "Release", "Box office" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-17324736-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Critical reception
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
On review aggregator the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. Although Rickman and Grant were unanimously praised, many were indifferent to the film's bleak, subtle humor and episodic structure. Lisa Schwartzenbaum of wrote that "Rickman... is the most interesting thing going in this unwieldy muddle... There's a creepy allure to O'Hara, and it is his energy that moves the story along to its unsettling surprise ending." Edward Guthmann of the wrote, "This isn't a sentimental slice of British eccentricity, or a gentle glance at amateur theatricals and the oddballs who inhabit them... Instead, it's a sour, unpleasant experience that gives us every reason not to become involved. Newell, who directed with such a light touch and such fondness, leaves the impression here that he doesn't like his characters and doesn't mind if we don't, either." of , however, felt that it captured "Mr. Grant as the clever, versatile character actor he was then becoming, rather than the international dreamboat he is today... [the film] isn't overly concerned with making its stars look good. Mr. Grant wears a monocle, has nicotine-stained fingers and appears in one scene looking dissolute and vomit-stained... As it turns out, a public relations blackout is only the least of this admirable film's problems. Its Liverpool accents are thickly impenetrable. And Ms. Bainbridge's book is elliptical to begin with, which guarantees that some of its fine points will be lost in translation. Mr. Newell directs his actors beautifully, but the screenplay by Charles Wood echoes Ms. Bainbridge in letting important information fly by obliquely. So listen closely. This is a dark, eccentric film that both requires and rewards keen attention." Similarly, Joel Pearce of commented that "An Awfully Big Adventure is disappointing, but not because it's a bad movie... In fact, it's a good movie that's been the victim of extremely bad marketing... Hugh Grant is at his sleazy, sardonic best... Some elements of the film are too subtle, so it takes a while to figure out what's really going on." Alan Rickman later said that he felt the film suffered comparisons to Four Weddings and a Funeral.
[]
[ "Release", "Critical reception" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-17324736-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure
An Awfully Big Adventure
Honours
An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British directed by . The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in . During a winter production of , the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the -nominated 1989 by .
Crystal Globe - , Czech Republic (nominated) Actress of the Year (Georgina Cates) - (nominated)
[]
[ "Release", "Honours" ]
[ "1995 films", "1995 LGBT-related films", "British comedy-drama films", "British coming-of-age films", "British independent films", "British LGBT-related films", "1990s English-language films", "Films about actors", "Films based on British novels", "Films set in 1947", "Films set in Liverpool", "Films directed by Mike Newell", "Incest in film", "Juvenile sexuality in films", "1990s British films" ]
projected-20461508-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Introduction
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
History
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
DKNVS was founded in 1760 by the , headmaster at the and Councillor of State under the name Det Trondhiemske Selskab (the Trondheim Society). From 1761 it published academic papers in a series titled Skrifter. It was the northernmost learned society in the world, and was established in a time when Norway did not have universities or colleges. It received the royal affirmation of its statutes on 17 July 1767, and was given its present name at a ceremony on 29 January 1788, king 's birthday. In 1771, when took over the rule of , Johan Ernst Gunnerus was summoned to , where he was given the mission to establish a university in Norway. Gunnerus did not suggest that the university be established in Trondhjem, but in southern (Kristiansand), due to its proximity to . If this happened, he would have the Society of Sciences and Letters moved to Christianssand, to correspond with the new university. However, the plan was never carried out. Struensee's reign ended in 1772, but he reportedly dismissed the plan before this. (Kristiansand got in 2007.) The society was housed in the premises of until 1866, when it acquired its own localities. Since 1903 its main task was to run . In 1926 there was a split in which the museum became a separate entity, receiving the assets of the learned society. Also in 1926, another publication series Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Forhandlinger was inaugurated. Ownership of the museum was transferred to the in 1968, today the , but DKNVS re-received some assets in a 1984 reorganization, and now controls these assets through the foundation DKNVSS. A history of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters was written in 1960 by , and released in two volumes. In connection with the 250th anniversary of the Society, Håkon With Andersen, Brita Brenna, Magne Njåstad, and Astrid Wale wrote an updated history. Also, wrote a shorter history, prepared for a general audience.
[]
[ "History" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Organisation
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
The board of directors consists of seven people, five men and two women. It is led by praeses and vice-praeses . Other board members are Hanna Mustaparta, Britt Dale, Ola Dale, Joar Grimsbu and Asbjørn Moen. The daily administration is led by a secretary-general; Kristian Overskaug. The board is responsible for awarding the for academic achievement. The medal was inaugurated in 1927. Before 1815, the sitting King held the title of praeses, while the highest-ranked non-royal member was vice praeses. In the tradition of Gunnerus the bishop, the latter post was filled by clerics until 1820, when took the seat. From 1815 the King holds the title of "protector". Today King is protector of the society. Members of the learned society are divided into two divisions, Letters and Sciences. In 2005 there were 470 members, of whom 134 were foreign. This is a marked increase from 1996, when it had 399 members, of whom 94 were foreign.
[]
[ "Organisation" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Awards
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
The society awards the following prizes:
[]
[ "Awards" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Gunnerus Sustainability Science Award
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
The is the society's highest award. It is awarded for outstanding scientific work that promotes globally. As of 2017 the prize is awarded by DKNVS in collaboration with the . The award was established in 2012, as a cooperation between DKNVS, and the foundation . It is named after the Norwegian scientist and bishop , and consists of a cash award of 1,000,000 r. The first laureate was announced in February 2012, and the prize was handed over the 17 April in in , during the conference . Laureates are: 2017: The ecologist . 2012: The biologist for his pioneering work on in areas.
[]
[ "Awards", "Gunnerus Sustainability Science Award" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters annual prize for young researchers
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
This award is funded by . The prize is awarded annually to two people under 40 years who are "Norwegian researchers or foreign researchers at the Norwegian research institutions that have demonstrated outstanding talent, originality and effort, and who have achieved excellent results in their fields". Awardees are: 2018 (science) and Trond Nordfjærn (humanities) 2017 David Bassett (science) and Mats Ingulstad (humanities) 2016 Jannike Solsvik (science) and Siv Gøril Brandtzæg (humanities) 2015 Steffen Oppermann (science) and Ivar Berg (humanities) 2014 Andriy Bondarenko (science) and Terje Lohndal (humanities) 2013 Yasser Roudi (science) and Theresa M. Olasveengen (science) 2012 Sverre Magnus Selbach (science) and Martin Wåhlberg (humanities) 2011 (science) and (humanities) 2010 Petter Andreas Bergh (science), Jacob Linder (science) and Jon Hernes Fiva (humanities) 2009 Xavier Raynaud (science) and Terje Andreas Eikemo (humanities) 2008 Jill Kristin Lautgeb (science) and Jo Jakobsen (humanities) 2007 Marit Sletmoen (science) 2006 Marianne Fyhn (science), Torkel Hafting Fyhn (science) and Halvard Buhaug, (humanities) 2005 Sigurd Einum (science) and (humanities) 2004 Bård Gunnar Stokke (science) and Anne Beate Maurseth (humanities) 2003 Sigurd Weidemann Løvseth (science) and Cathrine Brun (humanities) 2002 Alexander Øhrn (science) and Tanja Ellingsenand (humanities) 2001 Magne Lygren (science) and Marianne Ryghaug (humanities) 2000 Ørjan Johansen (science) and Toril Aalberg (humanities) 1999 Baard Kasa (science) and Kaja Borthen (humanities)
[]
[ "Awards", "The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters annual prize for young researchers" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters scientific annual prize
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
2002 Johannes Skaar and Jarle Tufto 2001 Jonathan W. Moses and Erlend Rønnekleiv 2000 Rolf Hobson 1999 and 1998 Jarle André Haugan 1997 Magne Sætersdal and Baard Pedersen 1996 and 1995 Jon Thomas Kringlebotn and 1993 Tor Anders Åfarli and Halvor Kjørholt 1992 Øyvind Solberg and Eirik Helseth 1991 Tore C. Stiles and Jarle Hjelen 1990 Yngvar Olsen and Karin Gjøl Hagen 1989 Arne Sandvik and Bernt-Erik Saether 1988 Dagfinn Berntzen and Berit Kjeldstad 1987 and Randi Eidsmo Reinertsen 1986 and Jarle Mork 1985 , Eivin Røskaft and Trond E. Ellingsen 1984 Linda R. White and Terje Espevik
[]
[ "Awards", "The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters scientific annual prize" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Heads of the society
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
This is a list of the heads of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters: Protector (praeses until 1815) 1772–1805: 1805–1814: 1814–1815: vacant 1815–1818: 1818–1859: 1859–1872: 1872–1905: 1906–1957: 1957–1991: 1991–present: Praeses (vice praeses until 1815) 1766–1773: 1773–1780: 1780–1791: 1791–1803: 1804–1820: 1820–1828: 1829–1832: 1832–1832: 1833–1838: 1838–1851: 1851–1855: 1855–1865: 1865–1870: 1870–1872: 1872–1874: 1874–1883: 1883–1897: 1897–1899: 1899–1902: 1903–1914: 1914–1926: 1926–1933: 1933–1945: 1946–1946: 1946–1949: 1950–1958: 1958–1965: 1966–1973: 1974–1981: 1982–1989: 1990–1995: 1996–1999: 2000–2004: 2005–2010: 2010–2013: 2013–2013: 2014–2016: 2017-2019: 2020-present
[]
[ "Heads of the society" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461508-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
See also
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a based in . It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King . Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
, another Norwegian learned society
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters", "1760 establishments in Norway", "Norwegian awards", "Science and technology awards", "Organizations established in 1760", "Learned societies of Norway" ]
projected-20461516-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verona%20%28Czech%20group%29
Verona (Czech group)
Introduction
Verona is music group comprising composer and performer Petr Fider and singer Markéta Jakšlová. They began performing together in 2001. Their first album, Náhodou ("By Chance") was released in 2002. The second single from this album became a hit song in Czech Republic and Slovakia. They have recorded three albums as of 2012. Their music is in the pop and dance genres, with elements of House and Trance. In 2011, they produced an English-language song, "Hey Boy", that charted in several European countries.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Czech pop music groups", "Musical groups established in 2001", "2001 establishments in the Czech Republic" ]
projected-20461516-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verona%20%28Czech%20group%29
Verona (Czech group)
Members
Verona is music group comprising composer and performer Petr Fider and singer Markéta Jakšlová. They began performing together in 2001. Their first album, Náhodou ("By Chance") was released in 2002. The second single from this album became a hit song in Czech Republic and Slovakia. They have recorded three albums as of 2012. Their music is in the pop and dance genres, with elements of House and Trance. In 2011, they produced an English-language song, "Hey Boy", that charted in several European countries.
- songwriter, musician - singer Past members - singer
[]
[ "Members" ]
[ "Czech pop music groups", "Musical groups established in 2001", "2001 establishments in the Czech Republic" ]
projected-20461516-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verona%20%28Czech%20group%29
Verona (Czech group)
Albums
Verona is music group comprising composer and performer Petr Fider and singer Markéta Jakšlová. They began performing together in 2001. Their first album, Náhodou ("By Chance") was released in 2002. The second single from this album became a hit song in Czech Republic and Slovakia. They have recorded three albums as of 2012. Their music is in the pop and dance genres, with elements of House and Trance. In 2011, they produced an English-language song, "Hey Boy", that charted in several European countries.
Videokolekce ()
[]
[ "Albums" ]
[ "Czech pop music groups", "Musical groups established in 2001", "2001 establishments in the Czech Republic" ]
projected-20461532-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos
Larissa Ramos
Introduction
Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and , becoming the second ian to win the title.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1989 births", "Living people", "People from Manaus", "Brazilian female models", "Miss Earth winners", "Miss Earth 2009 contestants", "Brazilian beauty pageant winners", "Federal University of Amazonas alumni" ]
projected-20461532-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos
Larissa Ramos
Miss Terra Brasil 2009
Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and , becoming the second ian to win the title.
Representing the State of , Ramos won the title of Miss Terra Brasil 2009. She was crowned by , Miss Terra Brasil 2008 and , on November 28, 2008 in Belo Horizonte, , . Miss Terra Brasil 2009 national pageant was contested by 27 pageant winners from Brazil's 26 states and the . Ramos was 19 years old at the time she was crowned Miss Terra Brasil 2009. Standing 1.78 m., she represented her country in the pageant. Ramos court as Miss Terra Brasil 2009 included Miss Brazil Earth Air (first runner up) Naiane Alves from the state of ; Miss Brazil Earth Water (second runner up) Luana Athar who represented the state of ; and Miss Brazil Earth Fire (third runner up) from the state of .
[]
[ "Miss Terra Brasil 2009" ]
[ "1989 births", "Living people", "People from Manaus", "Brazilian female models", "Miss Earth winners", "Miss Earth 2009 contestants", "Brazilian beauty pageant winners", "Federal University of Amazonas alumni" ]
projected-20461532-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos
Larissa Ramos
Preliminary events
Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and , becoming the second ian to win the title.
On November 7, 2009, Ramos was chosen as one of the Top 15 finalists in the Evening Gown Competition of Miss Earth 2009 at the , , . On November 8, 2009, she was again selected as one of the Top 15 finalists in the Swimsuit Competition which was held at The Lakeshore in the town of , province.
[]
[ "Miss Earth 2009", "Preliminary events" ]
[ "1989 births", "Living people", "People from Manaus", "Brazilian female models", "Miss Earth winners", "Miss Earth 2009 contestants", "Brazilian beauty pageant winners", "Federal University of Amazonas alumni" ]
projected-20461532-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos
Larissa Ramos
Final competition
Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and , becoming the second ian to win the title.
In the final competition of the Miss Earth , Ramos was announced as one of sixteen semi-finalists who moved forward to compete for the title on November 22, 2009. She achieved one of the eight highest scores in the and for her stage chops, which advanced her as one of the top eight finalists to participate in the final round of the event. Ramos, 20 years old at the time of the event, was crowned the Miss Earth 2009 during the coronation night at the in . She succeeded winner from the Philippines. Miss Earth 2009 winner's court included Philippines' , 25, who was named Miss Air (1st Runner-up), 's , 22, was hailed Miss Water (2nd Runner-up), and , 20, of Spain got the title Miss Fire (3rd Runner-up). With Ramos winning the Miss Earth 2009 title, Brazil becomes the first country that won twice in the Miss Earth international competition since its inception in 2001, first in with .
[]
[ "Miss Earth 2009", "Final competition" ]
[ "1989 births", "Living people", "People from Manaus", "Brazilian female models", "Miss Earth winners", "Miss Earth 2009 contestants", "Brazilian beauty pageant winners", "Federal University of Amazonas alumni" ]
projected-20461532-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos
Larissa Ramos
Winners' press presentation
Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and , becoming the second ian to win the title.
On November 23, 2009, Ramos and her court were presented to the international press at the in , central Philippines, which was declared by the publication as the world's number one tropical beach. Ramos appeared on different television shows and various events after her win together with Miss Earth Air Sandra Seifert of the Philippines, Miss Earth Water Jessica Barboza of Venezuela, and Miss Earth Fire Alejandra Echevarria of Spain.
[]
[ "Miss Earth 2009", "Winners' press presentation" ]
[ "1989 births", "Living people", "People from Manaus", "Brazilian female models", "Miss Earth winners", "Miss Earth 2009 contestants", "Brazilian beauty pageant winners", "Federal University of Amazonas alumni" ]
projected-20461532-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos
Larissa Ramos
Homecoming
Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and , becoming the second ian to win the title.
She made a courtesy call immediately after her Miss Earth feat at the Embassy of Federative Republic of Brazil in the Philippines in and she was received and congratulated by Brazil Ambassador Alcides G. R. Prates. On December 13, 2009, Ramos arrived and had a public greeting at the in Amazonas, Brazil followed by a motorcade which headed to the Amazonas Palace. She was received with due honors by the led by state secretary of culture, Robério Braga.
[]
[ "Miss Earth 2009", "Homecoming" ]
[ "1989 births", "Living people", "People from Manaus", "Brazilian female models", "Miss Earth winners", "Miss Earth 2009 contestants", "Brazilian beauty pageant winners", "Federal University of Amazonas alumni" ]
projected-20461532-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos
Larissa Ramos
A year in the life as Miss Earth
Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and , becoming the second ian to win the title.
After winning the Miss Earth crown in November 2009, Ramos participated in various events and travels during her three-month stay in Brazil. She traveled to , a designated by , in the state of . In early March 2010, she was invited to for the and participated in the world-famous . Ramos returned to the Philippines on April 10, 2010 and served as one of the judges in the final competition of and Mr. Philippines Earth 2010, from which she traveled to together with team, to attend the official contract signing ceremony of Vietnam hosting of the pageant. On April 18, 2010, Ramos and 1st Runner-up of , together with participated in the 12th Tour of the Fireflies. The event aims to promote and as an alternate means of transportation. Ramos and Seifert were the special guests in the Discovery Dash event at , , , Philippines on April 30, 2010. The event was organized by . She then left the Philippines to attend the Miss Minas Gerais 2010 won by Deborah Lyra and broadcast by Band Minas where she was the special guest on May 3, 2010. In the Rotary Club of Northern Guam, she was the key note environmental speaker and talked about her experience as Miss Earth and promoted environmental awareness on June 7, 2010 . Ramos was accompanied by , Lorraine Schuck, EVP Miss Earth Organization, and Maria Luisa Santos, . On June 11, 2010, Ramos attended the pageant as a special guest. She crowned Naiomie Santos, the winner of the pageant. In July 2010, Ramos traveled in various countries in along with Miss Earth Air 2009, Sandra Seifert. The following month, she served as honorary judge in the ten-member jury panel in the pageant in Vinpearl Land in the central coastal city of , on August 21, 2010. She awarded to 1st Runner-up . The event was won by . She traveled back to Vietnam on August 25, 2010 along with Miss Earth Air 2009 Sandra Seifert, , and officials to attend the press conference for the launching of the pageant held at the White Palace in . Ramos was in , on October 26, 2010 as part of her campaign about the environment. She talked about , saving water, electricity, plant trees, and how lifestyle can help the environmental damage and create a better future. She also visited the , the largest media in Indonesia. Her visit also marked by the release of turtle hatchlings and children planting trees around the beach Pantai Mertasari, Sanur, and Bali. As Miss Earth 2009, Ramos has traveled not only in but to various countries included , , , , , , , , , and multiple visits in and the to promote . On July 27, 2013, Ramos married Alexandre Malvezzi Tramontin, a Brazilian Executive and Entrepreneur. The ceremony took place in Manaus, Ramos hometown. In March 2015 Mrs. Tramontin received her bachelor's degree in Microbiology from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), one of the top institutions in the country. Later that same year, Mr. And Mrs. Tramontin moved to Denmark.
[]
[ "A year in the life as Miss Earth" ]
[ "1989 births", "Living people", "People from Manaus", "Brazilian female models", "Miss Earth winners", "Miss Earth 2009 contestants", "Brazilian beauty pageant winners", "Federal University of Amazonas alumni" ]
projected-20461552-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaria%20%28nematode%29
Capillaria (nematode)
Introduction
Capillaria is a genus of s in the family (or, according to classifications, in the family ). Since the of the is disputed, species are included within the single Capillaria or 22 different (Amphibiocapillaria, Aonchotheca, Baruscapillaria, Calodium, Capillaria, Capillostrongyloides, Crocodylocapillaria, Echinocoleus, , Freitascapillaria, Gessyella, Liniscus, Paracapillaria, Paracapillaroides, Pearsonema, Paratrichosoma, Pseudocapillaria, Piscicapillaria, Pseudocapillaroides, Pterothominx, Schulmanela, and Tenoranema). Some species parasitic in fish, previously classified within Capillaria, are now included in (family ). Old literature, and sometimes modern medical literature, use Capillaria as a for included in all these . The term is generally used for diseases produced by species of Capillaria, even if the species is now placed in another genus.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Enoplea genera", "Parasitic nematodes of mammals" ]
projected-20461552-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaria%20%28nematode%29
Capillaria (nematode)
Species
Capillaria is a genus of s in the family (or, according to classifications, in the family ). Since the of the is disputed, species are included within the single Capillaria or 22 different (Amphibiocapillaria, Aonchotheca, Baruscapillaria, Calodium, Capillaria, Capillostrongyloides, Crocodylocapillaria, Echinocoleus, , Freitascapillaria, Gessyella, Liniscus, Paracapillaria, Paracapillaroides, Pearsonema, Paratrichosoma, Pseudocapillaria, Piscicapillaria, Pseudocapillaroides, Pterothominx, Schulmanela, and Tenoranema). Some species parasitic in fish, previously classified within Capillaria, are now included in (family ). Old literature, and sometimes modern medical literature, use Capillaria as a for included in all these . The term is generally used for diseases produced by species of Capillaria, even if the species is now placed in another genus.
Species in the genus Capillaria include (among hundreds of described species): ; modern name Eucoleus aerophilus; a parasite of the respiratory system of foxes and other mammals ; a parasite of rodents ; modern name Calodium hepaticum; cause of in humans ; modern name Paracapillaria philippinensis; cause of in humans ; modern name Pearsonema plica; a parasite of the urinary system of dogs and other mammals ; modern name Pearsonema feliscati; a parasite of the urinary system of cats and other mammals
[ "Parasite140131-fig1 Capillaria plectropomi Figure 1H Caudal end of male.png" ]
[ "Species" ]
[ "Enoplea genera", "Parasitic nematodes of mammals" ]
projected-20461552-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaria%20%28nematode%29
Capillaria (nematode)
See also
Capillaria is a genus of s in the family (or, according to classifications, in the family ). Since the of the is disputed, species are included within the single Capillaria or 22 different (Amphibiocapillaria, Aonchotheca, Baruscapillaria, Calodium, Capillaria, Capillostrongyloides, Crocodylocapillaria, Echinocoleus, , Freitascapillaria, Gessyella, Liniscus, Paracapillaria, Paracapillaroides, Pearsonema, Paratrichosoma, Pseudocapillaria, Piscicapillaria, Pseudocapillaroides, Pterothominx, Schulmanela, and Tenoranema). Some species parasitic in fish, previously classified within Capillaria, are now included in (family ). Old literature, and sometimes modern medical literature, use Capillaria as a for included in all these . The term is generally used for diseases produced by species of Capillaria, even if the species is now placed in another genus.
, a disease caused by some Capillaria species
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Enoplea genera", "Parasitic nematodes of mammals" ]
projected-17324747-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Introduction
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
History
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
The institution originates from the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The National Museum of Canada originates from an institution formed in 1842, although its science and technology branch was not formed until 1966. The science and technology branch was headed by its own director, , and had a small collection of artifacts transferred under its care by the National Museum of Canada. Baird was hired as the museum's first director in October 1966 to help oversee the design and installation of the science and technology museum. In April 1967, the former bakery and distribution centre for Morrison Lamothe in the outskirts of Ottawa was selected for use by the science and technology branch. The building opened to the public on 16 November 1967. In its first year, the museum attracted over 400,000 visitors. On 1 April 1968, the different branches of the National Museum of Canada were split up into several different institutions, with the museum's human history branch forming the , the natural history branch forming the , and the science and technology branch forming the National Museum of Science and Technology. The National Museums of Canada Corporation was also formed that year to manage the new institutions, including the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum's early exhibition designs were inspired by equivalent museums in Europe that emphasized interactive exhibitions. A number of larger artifacts were installed outside the museum, including an in 1973, and a pre-fabricated iron lighthouse in 1980. The lighthouse was originally built during the 1860s in , , before it was disassembled and brought to Ottawa. In 1990, the National Museums of Canada Corporation was disbanded. A new Crown corporation, , was formed through the Museums Act, 1990 to manage the National Museum of Science and Technology, alongside the and the .
[ "Outside Canada Science and Technology museum.jpg" ]
[ "History" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
21st century
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
In 2000, the National Museum of Science and Technology was renamed the Canada Science and Technology Museum. During the early 2000s, several plans were proposed by the federal government to move the museum building from its location to a new site. In 2012, the museum was prompted to modify a travelling exhibition on human sexuality after receiving criticism from select groups and , the . The museum removed a video covering masturbation from the exhibition, and placed a minimum age requirement to view the exhibition. The museum was forced to close its doors to the public in September 2014 after it found high levels of airborne mould in the building, and its southern wall risked collapse. In November 2014, it was announced that the building would remain closed to the public until 2017, as a part of a 80.5 million overhaul of the building's interior and façade, and expand the building's exhibition space. During the closure, several larger artifacts displayed outside, including the Atlas rocket and a originally from Saskatchewan were dismantled. The former was dismantled and destroyed in accordance with the rocket's owner, the , whereas the latter was dismantled and placed in storage. During the building's closure, the institution lent out the museum's exhibitions for public display. The new building was reopened to the public on 17 November 2017. As a result of the renovations, portraits of inductees were removed from the museum and relocated online. In 2018, the museum announced it had suspended large-scale collecting efforts, until new storage facilities at the Ingenium Centre were completed, and its excess items were moved inside it.
[ "CMST-Entrance.jpg" ]
[ "History", "21st century" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Grounds
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
The museum is situated in Ottawa, adjacent to the neighbourhood on . The museum building is situated next to the Ingenium Centre, a building that houses Ingenium's research labs and storage facilities for museums operated by the Crown corporation, including the Canada Science and Technology Museum, the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, and the Canadian Agriculture and Food Museum. Prior to the construction of the Ingenium Centre, the site was occupied by the museum's observatory; which was dismantled in 2016. The grounds of the museum includes a park in front of the building, and includes a pathway that leads to the building's entrance. The most recent changes to the surrounding park occurred with the approval of a new landscaping project approved by the in 2017.
[ "Ingenium Centre construction.jpg" ]
[ "Grounds" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Building
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
The museum first occupied the site in 1967, having repurposed a pre-existing bakery and distribution centre for its own use. The building was later renovated and expanded to from 2014 to 2017, with designs by Canadian architecture firm NORR. The 2014 to 2017 renovations also saw a number of improvements added to the building, including seismic upgrades to the facility, and a complete replacement of the roof which also supports panels. A new mechanical room was also built, allowing staff to more precisely control the temperature in the building, and better host fragile artifacts susceptible to damage. The façade at the entrance of the museum features an articulated roof. The articulated roof at the entrance is raised in height, and includes canopy. The building's entrance is cladded in a white ceramic material that doubles as a projection screen. In total, approximately of ceramic material was used throughout the building's façade. To accommodate the colder climate, the ceramic white tiles were installed with Neolith stone slabs. Use of the Neolith slabs also allowed NORR to incorporate sharp angles and smooth expanses into their building designs. A three-minute looping video is played on the LED surface, with a second phase of the film projected on the flat ceramic wall facing St. Laurent Boulevard during the evenings. The interior entrance of the museum features an interactive light and sound display inspired after s. The building's contains five main galleries, a temporary exhibition space, an artifacts gallery, creative spaces and classrooms, theatres, cafeterias, boutiques, and offices. The building contains over of exhibition space, including a temporary exhibition hall for travelling exhibitions. The museum's provides localized heating and cooling controls, and is designed with glazed walls from the exhibit spaces, acting as a functional exhibit for the museum with its colour coded piping.
[]
[ "Grounds", "Building" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Exhibitions
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
The museum organizes a number of permanent, temporary, and s. The museum's permanent and temporary exhibitions place an emphasis on being interactive with visitors. Although the museum is primarily interactive, a number of traditional s containing a variety of artifacts is also spread throughout the museum's exhibitions. The museum has also organized exhibitions alongside other Canadian governmental agencies, with the Cipher-Decipher travelling exhibition having been organized in partnership with the . Some exhibitions feature exhibits with corporate sponsors, such as the ZOOOMobile, a car building station sponsored by . Although several exhibits have corporate sponsors, the museum retains all rights and control over the content of the exhibition. Permanent exhibitions include Artifact Alley, an exhibition at the centre of the museum that features over 700 artifacts on display; the Sound by Design, an interactive exhibition where visitors can try a variety of instruments and musical inventions; and The Great Outdoors, an exhibition on transportation and outdoor recreation. The permanent exhibition Medical Sensations also includes an interactive exhibit that allows visitors to see the bone structure inside their body, and their muscle and blood systems. The medical exhibition occupies of space, and includes nearly 100 pieces from the museum's collection. A specimen bottle containing the first appendix removed through a , by , is on display in the exhibition. Wearable Tech is a permanent exhibition at the museum which displays a variety of body-worn artifacts drawn from the museum's collections, including a modernized , , and . Crazy Kitchen is an exhibition that explores human perception, and is the oldest permanent exhibition maintained by the museum. Crazy Kitchen and the locomotives installed inside are the only remaining exhibits that date back to the museum's opening in 1967. Since its renovations in 2017, the locomotives have formed part of an exhibit on steam power, being exhibited next to a steam engine from a ship.
[ "Musical artifacts CSTM.jpg" ]
[ "Exhibitions" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Collections
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
The museum's collection preserves objects and data relating to the scientific and technological heritage of the country. The museum's collections originates from a small collection of artifacts transferred to the institution from the defunct National Museum of Canada in 1966. In 1989, the museum adopted a collection development strategy that provided its collection team with a more focused approach to explore how science and technology contributed to the "transformation of Canada". The museum's collection has grown through acquisitions and donations. Approximately 90 per cent of items in the museum's collection are donated, most of whom were gifted to the museum at the donor's initiative. However, the museum does not accept conditional donations. As of 2021, the permanent collection includes approximately 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects and 80,000 photos and other associated archival materials; providing the museum with the largest collection of scientific and technological artifacts in Canada. Items rom the collection date from the 12th century to present. Items from the museum's collection that are not on display are stored in the Ingenium Centre's storage facilities. Items from the museum's library and archives is also located in the Ingenium Centre, sharing facilities with the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum. The collection is organized into eight categories, communications; computing and mathematics; domestic technologies; energy and mining; industrial technology; medical technology; scientific instruments; and transportation. The permanent collection also contain a number of smaller collections. The CN Photo Collection is a collection of 750,000 photographs dating as early as the 1850s. The collection was donated to the museum by Canadian National Railway in 1999. The Petrovic collection is a collection of over 130 artifacts including rulers, compasses, and other measuring instruments from the 12th to 19th centuries. The collection was purchased by the museum for 35,000 in 1980. The museum also has a collection of radio artifacts numbering 70 pieces; and a collection of 60 kites, primarily from Asia. The museum's medical collection also has a medical collection numbering over 8,000 pieces, most of which originated from the former Academy of Medicine Collection. In 2021, the museum started a collection, whose earliest items includes the , and the 10-millionth face mask produced at . All items that are ed from the museum's collection must be approved by its board of trustees and offered to another museum before it is disposed of through other channels like .
[ "Frederick Banting CS&TM.jpg", "Canada Science and Technology Museum August 2005 01.jpg" ]
[ "Collections" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Notable items
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
Notable artifacts related to transportation include the for the transcontinental ; a and railway car used during the ; the prototype ; two dating back to 17th century; a , donated to the museum in 1985 by the ; and a , the first automobile produced in Canada. The museum acquired the steam buggy in 1984. Notable computational artifacts in the museum's collection includes two ; and the , which was gifted to the museum in 1968. Other notable artifacts in the museum's collection includes an ; the first produced in North America; the country's largest , from the ; the original that travelled across Canada; and 's prototype for the world's first motorized wheelchair. The Canada Science and Technology Museum acquired the prototype from the in 2005.
[ "Electronic Sackbut.jpg" ]
[ "Collections", "Notable items" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-17324747-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Research
The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a of science and technology in , , Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by , a that also operates two other . The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and s.
In the first 20 years of operation, the museum's collecting and research efforts focused on "type collecting," as curators attempted to assemble a collection of different types of machines, and researching only their function and internal operations. A shift towards and exploring the cultural role these technologies played in society did not emerge until the 1980s. The museum hosts a research facility for the known as The Living Lab, which provides university researchers a space to conduct research with children outside a "sterile laboratory environment". The museum publishes an academic journal known as the Material Culture Review in partnership with the Canadian Museum of History since the 1970s. The journal provides a forum for research on historical artifacts collected by Canadian museums.
[]
[ "Research" ]
[ "National museums of Canada", "1967 establishments in Ontario", "Canadian federal Crown corporations", "Museums established in 1967", "Museums in Ottawa", "Railway museums in Ontario", "Science museums in Canada", "Technology museums in Canada", "Ingenium", "Bicycle museums" ]
projected-20461553-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Aylward
Edward Aylward
Introduction
Edward Aylward (1894 – February 1976) was an politician. He was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin (TD) to the at the for the constituency. He opposed the and . He stood as an anti-Treaty Sinn Féin candidate at the but was not elected.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1894 births", "1976 deaths", "Early Sinn Féin TDs", "Members of the 2nd Dáil", "Irish farmers" ]
projected-17324758-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langen%C3%A6s
Langenæs
Introduction
Langenæs is a small neighborhood in the city of , with about 6,500 residents, as of 2014. The neighborhood is part of the district (the town center) and borders the neighborhoods of and to the East and the district of to the South. Langenæs is delimited by the streets Søndre Ringgade, Skanderborgvej, Marselis Boulevard and the valley of . The neighborhood is predominantly 2-5 bedroom apartments in blocks of 5 to 7 floors. The area is characterized by the apartment towers Langenæshus, Langenæsbo and Højhus Langenæs, a 55 meters tall reddish aluminium clad tower which is the tallest brick structure in the country.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Aarhus C", "Neighborhoods of Aarhus" ]
projected-17324758-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langen%C3%A6s
Langenæs
History
Langenæs is a small neighborhood in the city of , with about 6,500 residents, as of 2014. The neighborhood is part of the district (the town center) and borders the neighborhoods of and to the East and the district of to the South. Langenæs is delimited by the streets Søndre Ringgade, Skanderborgvej, Marselis Boulevard and the valley of . The neighborhood is predominantly 2-5 bedroom apartments in blocks of 5 to 7 floors. The area is characterized by the apartment towers Langenæshus, Langenæsbo and Højhus Langenæs, a 55 meters tall reddish aluminium clad tower which is the tallest brick structure in the country.
Langenæs was built in the 1950s as a planned neighborhood of apartment complexes with the intention of testing new architectural ideals and methodologies. The neighborhood is characteristic for its time when the ideal was open city blocks with adjacent green spaces. The oldest parts of Langenæs lies along the edges as traditional and mixed early to mid 20th century developments. Archaeological excavations have shown the area was settled as far back as the and . Langenæs was later part of the Havreballegaard and estate in parish for 700 years, before it was bought and annexed by Aarhus City Council in 1899. In 1966 Langenæs got its own church, Langenæskirken, and today belongs to Langenæs Parish, sectioned off from Skt. Lukas Parish.
[]
[ "History" ]
[ "Aarhus C", "Neighborhoods of Aarhus" ]
projected-20461557-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Introduction
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Design history
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
The Armstrong "screw" breech had already proved successful in the , and the British Government requested it be implemented for heavier guns despite Armstrong's protests that the mechanism was unsuited to heavy guns. Guns were produced at both the in Woolwich, and the . Like other early Armstrong guns they were rifled on a polygroove system, firing a variety of lead coated projectiles.
[]
[ "Design history" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Variants
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
The first version weighed 32 cwt, followed by the 35 cwt version which introduced a longer and stronger breech-piece. A 32 cwt variant having a horizontal breech instead of the Armstrong screw with vertical vent-piece was introduced in 1864 as an attempt to address the perceived weaknesses of the screw-breech design. It was withdrawn from service by 1877. From 1880 a small number of 35 cwt guns had their trunnion rings rotated to the left to allow the vent-piece to open horizontally to the right, being known as "side-closing" guns. They differed from the wedge guns in that the vent piece was still locked in place by tightening the screw behind it.
[ "RBL 40 pounder sideclosing gun and carriage diagram.jpg" ]
[ "Variants" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Naval service
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
The gun was recommended in 1859 for the Navy as a or . An officer from described the gun's performance at the of August 1863: Following the bombardment of Alexandria in 1882, as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War, an armed train was employed. One 40 Pounder RBL was mounted onto the train and manned by men of the Royal Navy. It saw some action at the battle of Kassasin on 1 September 1882.
[ "RBL 40 pounder Armstrong gun HMS Warrior breech end.jpg", "Report of the British naval and military operations in Egypt, 1882 (1883) (14781197824).jpg" ]
[ "Naval service" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Land service
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
A number of different carriages for guns employed for Land Service were available. A wooden siege carriage with wheels and attached limbers, enabled the guns to be drawn by teams of heavy horses. For guns mounted in fortifications they could be mounted on two different types of carriage. The first was an iron traversing carriage, enabling the gun to be traversed right and left, with recoil being absorbed with a carriage being mounted on a slide. Others were mounted on high "siege travelling carriages" for use as semi-mobile guns in forts, firing over parapets. Many were re-issued to Volunteer Artillery Batteries of Position from 1889, with 40 Pounders among 226 guns issued to the Volunteer Artillery during 1888 and 1889. The 1893 the War Office Mobilisation Scheme shows the allocation of thirty Artillery Volunteer position batteries equipped with 40 Pounder guns which would be concentrated in Surrey and Essex in the event of mobilisation. They remained in use in this role until 1902 when they were gradually replaced by 4.7-inch Quick Firing (QF) guns. A number were used for some years afterwards as saluting guns.
[ "RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun block trail carriage diagrams.jpg", "Elephant and Mule Battery (\"Dignity & Impudence\") WDL11496.png", "2016-06-11 St. George's Foundation's UNESCO World Heritage Centre, St. George's Town, Bermuda.jpg" ]
[ "Land service" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Indian subcontinent
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
An RBL 40-pounder Armstrong breechloader appears to be present in a photograph by from the (November 1878 – September 1880). The war began when Great Britain, fearful of what it saw as growing Russian influence in Afghanistan, invaded the country from British India. The first phase of the war ended in May 1879 with the Treaty of Gandamak, which permitted the Afghans to maintain internal sovereignty but forced them to cede control over their foreign policy to the British. Fighting resumed in September 1879, after an anti-British uprising in Kabul, and finally concluded in September 1880 with the decisive Battle of Kandahar.
[]
[ "Land service", "Indian subcontinent" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Colony of Victoria service
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
The Australian colony of received six 35 cwt guns in August 1865. They were used as mobile coast fortification guns with one gun being fitted to the colonial sloop during 1866 & 1867. Later four of the guns were used as field guns at Hastings. Three of these guns are known to survive.
[]
[ "Land service", "Colony of Victoria service" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Colony of Tasmania service
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
As a result of the of 1877 into the defence of Australian colonies following the withdrawal of British troops, the Launceston Volunteer Artillery Corps in Tasmania acquired two guns on late-model iron carriages with iron wheels, which they continued to operate until at least 1902.
[ "RBL 40 pounder Tasmania 1902 AWM A04785 clipped 300px.jpeg" ]
[ "Land service", "Colony of Tasmania service" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Surviving examples
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
A gun made by Royal Gun Factory in 1865 at , Three guns recovered as bollards at , Dundee, Scotland Restored gun No. 272 at Hastings-Western Port Historical Society Museum, Victoria, Australia Restored Gun No. 271 at , Victoria, Australia Unrestored Gun No. 268 in Como Park, A gun at Fort Henry, Canada Preserved gun at , Ottawa, Canada Royal Canadian Artillery Museum, Manitoba, Canada A 40-pounder side closing gun made by at , , . One of eight (of which five are known to survive) sent to the colony for use as mobile guns to be kept in storage and deployed as required, via the military road (now the South Shore Road) constructed in the 1860s and 1870s, to the various old fortified batteries on the South Shore that had been stripped of their fixed coastal artillery. Replaced by more modern weapons, some or all of these had been relegated to a saluting battery at before the First World War, remaining there as late as the 1930s. (two). Another of the eight sent to Bermuda was recovered, with its original mobile carriage, from and has been restored and displayed in the Bermuda's Defence Heritage Exhibit (since it opened in 2002) of the (now ) in the cellar of the Commissioner's House, atop the Keep of the fortified North Yard of the dockyard. A third (Mark I serial, number 280 G, manufactured by the Royal Gun Factory in 1864) was set into the wharf as a bollard at Red Barracks, near St. George's Town, on 26 June, 1936. The property is now a private home and guest house, and the owners donated the gun to the museum, which has recovered it and moved it to the Keep. Penno's Wharf, , Bermuda. Two were set into the wharf (with the warehouse on the wharf, historically used by the military ordnance) as bollards. These were recovered and restored, and are currently on iron mounts outside the door of the warehouse which now houses the World Heritage Centre created by the St. George's Foundation after the town, along with those fortresses at the East End of Bermuda, were designated in 2000 by the (UNESCO) as a , the . On board , Portsmouth, UK
[ "RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun at Fort St. Catherine's, Bermuda circa 1989.jpg" ]
[ "Surviving examples" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461557-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun
RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun
Bibliography
The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used 's new and innovative mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns.
Treatise on the construction and manufacture of ordnance in the British service. War Office, UK, 1877 Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE Text Book of Gunnery, 1902. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE Alexander Lyman Holley, "A treatise on Ordnance and Armor" published by D Van Nostrand, New York, 1865
[]
[ "Bibliography" ]
[ "Naval guns of the United Kingdom", "Artillery of the United Kingdom", "Elswick Ordnance Company", "120 mm artillery", "Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom" ]
projected-20461573-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%20%28song%29
Island (song)
Introduction
"Island" is a song co-written and recorded by American artist . It was released in April 1990 as the fourth single from the album . The song reached #10 on the chart. It was written by Raven and .
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1990 singles", "Eddy Raven songs", "Songs written by Troy Seals", "Songs written by Eddy Raven", "Song recordings produced by Barry Beckett", "Capitol Records Nashville singles", "1990 songs" ]
projected-20461576-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albion%20press
Albion press
Introduction
The Albion press is a model of early iron hand , originally designed and manufactured in London by Richard Whittaker Cope (d. 1828?) around 1820.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Letterpress printing" ]
projected-20461576-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albion%20press
Albion press
History
The Albion press is a model of early iron hand , originally designed and manufactured in London by Richard Whittaker Cope (d. 1828?) around 1820.
The Albion press worked by a simple toggle action, unlike the complex lever-mechanism of the and the . Albions continued to be manufactured, in a range of sizes, until the 1930s. They were used for commercial book- until the middle of the nineteenth century, and thereafter chiefly for proofing, jobbing work and by . often used an Albion to proof pages of his designs for books, and printed some small books and using the press. Printers still predominantly using an Albion Press in the United Kingdom to publish limited fine press editions include Ian Mortimer's I.M. Imprimit, and the St James Park Press of . After Cope's death, Albions were manufactured by his heirs and members of the Hopkinson family (trading initially as 'Jonathan and Jeremiah Barrett' and later as 'Hopkinson and Cope'), who are said to have improved the design. From the 1850s onwards Albion presses were manufactured under licence by other firms, notably , , and Frederick Ullmer Ltd. The toggle-action, and the distinctive shape and 'crown' finial of the Albion, make it instantly recognizable.
[]
[ "History" ]
[ "Letterpress printing" ]
projected-20461576-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albion%20press
Albion press
References
The Albion press is a model of early iron hand , originally designed and manufactured in London by Richard Whittaker Cope (d. 1828?) around 1820.
Stone, Reynolds. The Albion press. London: Printing Historical Society, lc104173786 Photos of Albion Press in McCune Collection
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "Letterpress printing" ]
projected-20461581-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%27s%20%28restaurant%29
Allen's (restaurant)
Introduction
Allen's was a joint and in . It was originally established in 1955 in the neighborhood of Athens, but was later located at the corner of Hawthorne and Oglethorpe Avenues. It went out of business in November 2011.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1955 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "2011 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants established in 1955", "Restaurants disestablished in 2011", "Buildings and structures in Athens, Georgia", "Nightclubs in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants in Athens, Georgia", "Tourist attractions in Athens, Georgia", "Defunct hamburger restaurants", "Hamburger restaurants in the United States" ]
projected-20461581-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%27s%20%28restaurant%29
Allen's (restaurant)
History
Allen's was a joint and in . It was originally established in 1955 in the neighborhood of Athens, but was later located at the corner of Hawthorne and Oglethorpe Avenues. It went out of business in November 2011.
Allen's was opened by Allen Saine. Saine later sold the business to Athens businessman Billy Slaughter. Slaughter hired Danny Self to run the business and eventually sold it to Self while keeping the real estate. Allen's got its "World Famous" nickname because of its proximity to the . The student officers frequented Allen's. They wore Allen's T-shirts in ports all over the world. In 2002, Self died and Slaughter ended up with the business, eventually closing it in 2004 and later demolishing the building. In 2007, two alumni, Mark Hammond and Hilt Moree, III, acquired the rights to Allen's from Slaughter and re-opened it in a new location with much of the original memorabilia, recipes, and live music. It was located on Hawthorne Avenue, across the street from the Athens YMCA location but still on the edge of Normaltown. There were various pieces of local memorabilia framed on the walls. Allen's closed permanently on November 29, 2011.
[]
[ "History" ]
[ "1955 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "2011 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants established in 1955", "Restaurants disestablished in 2011", "Buildings and structures in Athens, Georgia", "Nightclubs in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants in Athens, Georgia", "Tourist attractions in Athens, Georgia", "Defunct hamburger restaurants", "Hamburger restaurants in the United States" ]
projected-20461581-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%27s%20%28restaurant%29
Allen's (restaurant)
Notable patrons and employees
Allen's was a joint and in . It was originally established in 1955 in the neighborhood of Athens, but was later located at the corner of Hawthorne and Oglethorpe Avenues. It went out of business in November 2011.
worked there while attending the before going on to become a Governor and later a . Notable patrons of Allen's include the late writer , professional wrestler , lead guitarist/singer of Athens band , lead singer , residents of the world-famous "Annex" including Doug Callas, Britt Murrill (who also dominated the Cyclone pinball machine), Scott Poole, Chip Zimmerman, and Chris Lee, and who namechecked Allen's in their 1989 single "": "Going down to Allen's for a 25 cent beer."
[]
[ "Notable patrons and employees" ]
[ "1955 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "2011 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants established in 1955", "Restaurants disestablished in 2011", "Buildings and structures in Athens, Georgia", "Nightclubs in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants in Athens, Georgia", "Tourist attractions in Athens, Georgia", "Defunct hamburger restaurants", "Hamburger restaurants in the United States" ]
projected-20461581-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%27s%20%28restaurant%29
Allen's (restaurant)
External material
Allen's was a joint and in . It was originally established in 1955 in the neighborhood of Athens, but was later located at the corner of Hawthorne and Oglethorpe Avenues. It went out of business in November 2011.
J.E. GESHWILER, November 13, 2002, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: B7 KAY POWELL, June 21, 2002, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: C8 SAEED AHMED, DATE: January 1, 2004, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: D1 PLOTT BRICE, DATE: November 28, 2003, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: D1 Plott Brice, DATE: April 8, 2001, PUBLICATION: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution, EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: D4 Rebecca McCarthy and Cat Mantione-Holmes FOR THE JOURNAL-CONSTITUTION, DATE: December 19, 1997, PUBLICATION: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution, EDITION: The Atlanta Constitution The Atlanta Journal, SECTION: SPORTS, PAGE: E7 FOSKETT, KEN, DATE: April 30, 1994, PUBLICATION: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution,EDITION: The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: STATE NEWS, PAGE: C/16 Nelson, Don, November 19, 2003, Athens Banner-Herald Moore, Jennifer, 2004, Athens Banner-Herald Quigley, Rebecca, May 14, 2007, Athens Banner-Herald Reese, Krista, July 2008, Georgia Trend Magazine
[]
[ "External material" ]
[ "1955 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "2011 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants established in 1955", "Restaurants disestablished in 2011", "Buildings and structures in Athens, Georgia", "Nightclubs in Georgia (U.S. state)", "Restaurants in Athens, Georgia", "Tourist attractions in Athens, Georgia", "Defunct hamburger restaurants", "Hamburger restaurants in the United States" ]
projected-20461594-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Reginald%20Cox
Leslie Reginald Cox
Introduction
Leslie Reginald Cox (22 November 1897, – 5 August 1965) was an English and .
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1897 births", "1965 deaths", "20th-century British geologists", "English malacologists", "People educated at Dame Alice Owen's School", "People from Harringay", "People from Islington (district)", "Fellows of the Royal Society", "Lyell Medal winners", "English palaeontologists", "20th-century British zoologists", "Presidents of the Geologists' Association" ]
projected-20461594-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Reginald%20Cox
Leslie Reginald Cox
Education
Leslie Reginald Cox (22 November 1897, – 5 August 1965) was an English and .
Cox was born to parents who worked as government servants, in the Post Office telephone engineers' department. When he was still young, the family moved to , where he at age six started attendance at the South Harringay County School. In 1909, he entered in Islington, one of the old London .
[]
[ "Education" ]
[ "1897 births", "1965 deaths", "20th-century British geologists", "English malacologists", "People educated at Dame Alice Owen's School", "People from Harringay", "People from Islington (district)", "Fellows of the Royal Society", "Lyell Medal winners", "English palaeontologists", "20th-century British zoologists", "Presidents of the Geologists' Association" ]
projected-20461594-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Reginald%20Cox
Leslie Reginald Cox
Awards and honours
Leslie Reginald Cox (22 November 1897, – 5 August 1965) was an English and .
Cox was elected a Fellow of the in 1950. His nomination reads: He was elected president of the for 1954–56.
[]
[ "Awards and honours" ]
[ "1897 births", "1965 deaths", "20th-century British geologists", "English malacologists", "People educated at Dame Alice Owen's School", "People from Harringay", "People from Islington (district)", "Fellows of the Royal Society", "Lyell Medal winners", "English palaeontologists", "20th-century British zoologists", "Presidents of the Geologists' Association" ]
projected-20461594-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Reginald%20Cox
Leslie Reginald Cox
Career
Leslie Reginald Cox (22 November 1897, – 5 August 1965) was an English and .
In August 1916, Cox began his war service.
[]
[ "Career" ]
[ "1897 births", "1965 deaths", "20th-century British geologists", "English malacologists", "People educated at Dame Alice Owen's School", "People from Harringay", "People from Islington (district)", "Fellows of the Royal Society", "Lyell Medal winners", "English palaeontologists", "20th-century British zoologists", "Presidents of the Geologists' Association" ]
projected-20461594-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Reginald%20Cox
Leslie Reginald Cox
Publications
Leslie Reginald Cox (22 November 1897, – 5 August 1965) was an English and .
Cox's most important publications include: The fauna of the basal shell-bed of the Portland Stone, Isle of Portland.// Proceedings of the Dorset natural-historical and archeological Society, 1925.– Vol. 46.– p. 113-172, pls. 1-5.Synopsis of the Lamellibranchia and Gastropoda of the Portland beds of England. Part I.// Proceedings of the Dorset natural-historical and archeological Society, 1929.– Vol. 50.– p. 131-202.Fossil Mollusca from southern Persia (Iran) and Bahrei Island.// Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia indica, 1936.– N. S., vol. 22, mem. №2.– ii+69 pp., 8 pls.A survey of the Mollusca of the British Great Oolite series primarily a nomenclatorial revision of the monographs by Morris et Lycett (1851-1855), Lycett (1836) and Blake (1905-1907). Part II.// Palaeontographical Society. Monographs, 1950.– Vol. 105, №449. – p. 49-105. (together with W. J. Arkell)Cretaceous and Eocene fossils from the Gold Coast.// Gold Coast Geological Survey. Bulletin, 1952.– №17.– 68 pp., 5 pls.The British Cretaceous Pleurotomariidae.// The Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Geology, 1960.– p. 385-423, 1 fig., pls. 44-60.The molluscan fauna and probable Lower Cretaceous age of the Nanutarra formation of Western Australia.// Department of National Development. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. Bulletin, 1961.– №61.– 53 pp., 1 fig., 7 pls.Jurassic Bivalvia and Gastropoda from Tanganyika and Kenya.// Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Geology, 1965.– Suppl. 1.– 213 pp., 2 figs., 30 pls.''
[]
[ "Publications" ]
[ "1897 births", "1965 deaths", "20th-century British geologists", "English malacologists", "People educated at Dame Alice Owen's School", "People from Harringay", "People from Islington (district)", "Fellows of the Royal Society", "Lyell Medal winners", "English palaeontologists", "20th-century British zoologists", "Presidents of the Geologists' Association" ]
projected-20461597-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hand%20Building
John Hand Building
Introduction
John Hand Building is a mixed-use building in , USA, with a height of . It was the tallest building in the city until surpassed by the in 1913. It comprises 20 floors and was completed in 1912. The lower eight floors are for use and the upper twelve floors are for use. In 1983, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. From the time of its construction and up until the mid 1990s, the building had been owned and occupied by and its predecessors. After AmSouth relocated employees to its other downtown offices and its Riverchase Campus, the building was sold to a group of developers. In 2000, it was renovated at a cost of $20 million. It served as the corporate headquarters of and its predecessor bank until 2013 when it relocated to the . The building now has since served as the corporate headquarters for , which had its logo on the south-side of the building until 2022, when it was replaced by the logo for Shipt's sister company, Landing.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "National Register of Historic Places in Birmingham, Alabama", "Commercial buildings completed in 1912", "Residential buildings completed in 1912", "Skyscraper office buildings in Birmingham, Alabama", "Neoclassical architecture in Alabama", "Commercial buildings in Alabama", "1912 establishments in Alabama", "Skyscrapers in Birmingham, Alabama", "Residential skyscrapers in Alabama" ]
projected-20461601-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Martins%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201927%29
João Martins (footballer, born 1927)
Introduction
João Baptista Martins (3 September 1927 – 16 November 1993) was a Portuguese who played as a .
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1927 births", "1993 deaths", "People from Sines", "Sportspeople from Setúbal District", "Portuguese footballers", "Association football forwards", "Primeira Liga players", "G.D. Fabril players", "Sporting CP footballers", "Portugal international footballers", "Outfield association footballers who played in goal" ]
projected-20461601-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Martins%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201927%29
João Martins (footballer, born 1927)
Club career
João Baptista Martins (3 September 1927 – 16 November 1993) was a Portuguese who played as a .
Born in , , Martins signed with at the age of 19 for 100 s, after leaving as the did not find him an occupation as originally promised. In his 13-year tenure in , he won seven championships and the 1954 . In the , Martins scored 31 times in 23 matches for the champions. On 4 September 1955, he scored the first-ever goal in the history of the , opening a against at the . Martins was deployed in every attacking position during his spell with Sporting. The scorer of 258 competitive goals, he was also used as a makeshift in a game against .
[]
[ "Club career" ]
[ "1927 births", "1993 deaths", "People from Sines", "Sportspeople from Setúbal District", "Portuguese footballers", "Association football forwards", "Primeira Liga players", "G.D. Fabril players", "Sporting CP footballers", "Portugal international footballers", "Outfield association footballers who played in goal" ]
projected-20461601-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Martins%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201927%29
João Martins (footballer, born 1927)
International career
João Baptista Martins (3 September 1927 – 16 November 1993) was a Portuguese who played as a .
Martins won 11 for over four and a half years. His first came on 23 November 1952, in a 1–1 with .
[]
[ "International career" ]
[ "1927 births", "1993 deaths", "People from Sines", "Sportspeople from Setúbal District", "Portuguese footballers", "Association football forwards", "Primeira Liga players", "G.D. Fabril players", "Sporting CP footballers", "Portugal international footballers", "Outfield association footballers who played in goal" ]
projected-20461601-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Martins%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201927%29
João Martins (footballer, born 1927)
Later life and death
João Baptista Martins (3 September 1927 – 16 November 1993) was a Portuguese who played as a .
Martins settled in France after retiring, and worked in a factory. He died in that country in November 1993 aged 66, due to .
[]
[ "Later life and death" ]
[ "1927 births", "1993 deaths", "People from Sines", "Sportspeople from Setúbal District", "Portuguese footballers", "Association football forwards", "Primeira Liga players", "G.D. Fabril players", "Sporting CP footballers", "Portugal international footballers", "Outfield association footballers who played in goal" ]
projected-20461655-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Martins
João Martins
Introduction
João Martins is the name of: (1927–1993), Portuguese football forward (born 1940), Brazilian classical pianist (born 1988), Portuguese football midfielder (1901–1970), Cape Verdean photographer (born 1982), Angolan football forward
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[]
projected-20461696-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brynley%20Jones
Brynley Jones
Introduction
Brynley Jones (born 16 May 1959) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in for as a . He was born in .
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1959 births", "Living people", "Welsh footballers", "Sportspeople from St Asaph", "English Football League players", "National League (English football) players", "Association football midfielders", "Chester City F.C. players", "Scarborough F.C. players", "Bangor City F.C. players", "Oswestry Town F.C. players", "Colwyn Bay F.C. players", "Oswestry Town F.C. managers", "Welsh football managers" ]
projected-20461696-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brynley%20Jones
Brynley Jones
Playing career
Brynley Jones (born 16 May 1959) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in for as a . He was born in .
A product of Chester's youth policy, Jones made his professional debut on the final day of away at . He remained involved in the first-team squad over the next five years, with one of the highlights coming in Chester's fifth round tie at in when Jones scored to give his side a shock lead. The following season saw him score an unusual goal away at , when an attempted defensive clearance struck his shins and rebounded into the net from distance. Jones' final Chester appearance was also his last Football League outing, in Chester's 1–0 home defeat to in May 1982. The end of the season saw him follow manager to , where he played for one season in the . He later played for clubs including and .
[]
[ "Playing career" ]
[ "1959 births", "Living people", "Welsh footballers", "Sportspeople from St Asaph", "English Football League players", "National League (English football) players", "Association football midfielders", "Chester City F.C. players", "Scarborough F.C. players", "Bangor City F.C. players", "Oswestry Town F.C. players", "Colwyn Bay F.C. players", "Oswestry Town F.C. managers", "Welsh football managers" ]
projected-20461696-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brynley%20Jones
Brynley Jones
Personal life
Brynley Jones (born 16 May 1959) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in for as a . He was born in .
His son, , is also a professional footballer in the Football League with and has been capped by at semi-professional level.
[]
[ "Personal life" ]
[ "1959 births", "Living people", "Welsh footballers", "Sportspeople from St Asaph", "English Football League players", "National League (English football) players", "Association football midfielders", "Chester City F.C. players", "Scarborough F.C. players", "Bangor City F.C. players", "Oswestry Town F.C. players", "Colwyn Bay F.C. players", "Oswestry Town F.C. managers", "Welsh football managers" ]
projected-20461700-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviary%20%28Lynchburg%2C%20Virginia%29
Aviary (Lynchburg, Virginia)
Introduction
The Aviary is a historic building located in Miller Park at . It is a -style structure erected in 1902. The multi-sided exhibition house was designed by the local architectural firm of . The building was a gift to the city of Lynchburg from Randolph Guggenheimer of New York City. When completed, the Aviary housed, "Seven cages containing monkeys, one with at least a half dozen healthy alligators, one with cockatoos, one with Australian doves, one with parrots and one with canaries." It later became a branch library and an office structure for the city Department of Parks and Recreation. It was listed on the in 1980.
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[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia", "Queen Anne architecture in Virginia", "Buildings and structures completed in 1902", "Buildings and structures in Lynchburg, Virginia", "National Register of Historic Places in Lynchburg, Virginia" ]
projected-20461711-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatton%20Park%20Gardens
Tatton Park Gardens
Introduction
Tatton Park Gardens consist of formal and informal gardens in to the south of , , England (). Included in the gardens are an , a , a , and the . The buildings in the garden are the Conservatory, the Fernery and the Showhouse. The gardens are owned by the and administered by . They are on the and have been designated at Grade II*. The gardens are open to the public at advertised times.
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[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Gardens in Cheshire", "Tourist attractions in Cheshire", "National Trust properties in Cheshire", "Japanese gardens in England", "Woodland gardens" ]
projected-20461711-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatton%20Park%20Gardens
Tatton Park Gardens
History
Tatton Park Gardens consist of formal and informal gardens in to the south of , , England (). Included in the gardens are an , a , a , and the . The buildings in the garden are the Conservatory, the Fernery and the Showhouse. The gardens are owned by the and administered by . They are on the and have been designated at Grade II*. The gardens are open to the public at advertised times.
The first s were created around the early 18th-century house and consisted of a walled garden to the south of the house, a formal semicircular pond to its north and formal lines of trees to the east and west. Later Samuel Wyatt set out an avenue of es to the south, which is now the Broad Walk. An was created during the 18th century and additions have been made to it since. The earliest reference to the arboretum is in 1795 when between five and ten were present. The first formal garden to be created for the present house was Charlotte's Garden, designed by in 1814. Lewis also designed the , which was originally joined to the house by a glass passageway. This was also known as the because for a time it was used for growing oranges. In the 1830s, a copy of the in was placed at the end of the Broad Walk. Gardens were established along the sides of the Broad Walk, including the Leech Pool and the area containing the Golden Brook. In 1847, the terraces to the south of the house were laid out as an Italian Garden by to a design by . Later in the century, in 1883, added the stone . The statue of , which came from , was added in 1920. Over the years changes have been made to this garden, and it was restored to its original design in 1986. In 1859, the had been built to a design by George Stokes, Paxton's assistant and son-in-law, to the west of the Conservatory to house from . The Fernery was seen in the . In 1910, inspired by a visit to the in London, created a with strong western influences, making it a prime example of the . Artefacts within the garden, including the , are believed to have been brought from Japan for the construction of the garden. In 1913, Alan de Tatton laid out the Rose Garden for his wife which contained a pool for bathing. Maintenance work in this garden had to be completed by 10.00 am. to allow Lady Egerton to enjoy it without being disturbed. Later in the 20th century, Maurice Egerton built the African Hut to the east of the Broad Walk as an association with his visits to Africa. He also planted large numbers of s and s. By the end of the 20th century, the Japanese Garden had become overgrown and it was restored in 2001. Since then the has been restored and the head gardener is planning to construct a new garden to reflect garden design in the 20th and 21st centuries.
[ "Tatton Monument.jpg", "Tatton Japanese Garden.jpg" ]
[ "History" ]
[ "Gardens in Cheshire", "Tourist attractions in Cheshire", "National Trust properties in Cheshire", "Japanese gardens in England", "Woodland gardens" ]
projected-20461711-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatton%20Park%20Gardens
Tatton Park Gardens
Layout
Tatton Park Gardens consist of formal and informal gardens in to the south of , , England (). Included in the gardens are an , a , a , and the . The buildings in the garden are the Conservatory, the Fernery and the Showhouse. The gardens are owned by the and administered by . They are on the and have been designated at Grade II*. The gardens are open to the public at advertised times.
The present garden entrance leads from the stable yard into the Walled Garden. On top of the north-facing wall are objects which look like s, but which are actually chimney pots for what was once a heated wall. The ancillary buildings, including the mushroom sheds, onion stores, barns and , have been restored to their former uses. The vegetable garden contains varieties of plants which were known to have been grown at Tatton in the . Some of the fruit in the garden was also grown during that time, while other varieties of fruit had been grown elsewhere in Cheshire. The glasshouses contain a representation of what would have been originally grown in them, including a restored pinery vinery for growing pineapples. The Walled Garden leads into the "Pleasure Gardens", which were for enjoyment rather than utility. These contain the L Borders which include plants formally arranged to replicate the style of border developed by . To the south of the L Borders is Charlotte's Garden. This was designed as a type of garden, including a , an , a , a and a snake path. These five elements can still be found in this garden. The L Border, the Broad Walk and Beech Avenue form the main path through the gardens to the south which lead to the Monument. Opposite Charlotte's Garden is the which leads to the Rose Garden. This garden contains artefacts, including a Tea House, many of which were taken from the estate of Rostherne Manor. To the south of the Rose Garden is the Tower Garden, which contains a brick tower whose original purpose was to watch for sheep-stealing on the park land. This garden also contains articles from Rostherne Manor. Along the western border of the garden is the , which contains 880 plants in 281 species. Its important trees include a , a , a , an , and a . The Japanese Garden is to the west of the southern end of the Broad Walk and is considered to be the finest in the United Kingdom, if not in Europe. It is an example of the . Artefacts in the garden include a Shinto Shrine, a , a bridge over the Golden Brook, and a number of s. The garden contains plants, stones and rocks which have been placed to provide a natural balance. The stones and rocks are selected for their shapes, and a mound has been formed to replicate with its snow-capped summit. The plants include specimens of and various es. To the east of the Broad Walk is Maurice Egerton's African Hut. To the north of this is the Maze, which is planted with and . To the southeast of Tatton Hall is the Italian Garden, a formal garden on two . Its centrepiece is the statue of Neptune, which is unusual in that its pipework is visible at the back. To the south of the east end of the family wing are the Conservatory, the Fernery, and the Showhouse.
[ "Bridge and pond at Tatton Park.jpg", "Japanese Garden, Tatton Park, wide view.jpg" ]
[ "Layout" ]
[ "Gardens in Cheshire", "Tourist attractions in Cheshire", "National Trust properties in Cheshire", "Japanese gardens in England", "Woodland gardens" ]
projected-20461711-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatton%20Park%20Gardens
Tatton Park Gardens
Present day
Tatton Park Gardens consist of formal and informal gardens in to the south of , , England (). Included in the gardens are an , a , a , and the . The buildings in the garden are the Conservatory, the Fernery and the Showhouse. The gardens are owned by the and administered by . They are on the and have been designated at Grade II*. The gardens are open to the public at advertised times.
The gardens are owned by the National Trust and administered by Cheshire East Council. They are open to the public at advertised times. The Fernery still contains tree ferns and the Showhouse has changing displays of flowering plants. Produce from the Walled Garden can be purchased in the garden shop. A group of volunteers work to maintain the gardens. Courses are held on various aspects of gardening.
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[ "Present day" ]
[ "Gardens in Cheshire", "Tourist attractions in Cheshire", "National Trust properties in Cheshire", "Japanese gardens in England", "Woodland gardens" ]
projected-20461711-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatton%20Park%20Gardens
Tatton Park Gardens
References
Tatton Park Gardens consist of formal and informal gardens in to the south of , , England (). Included in the gardens are an , a , a , and the . The buildings in the garden are the Conservatory, the Fernery and the Showhouse. The gardens are owned by the and administered by . They are on the and have been designated at Grade II*. The gardens are open to the public at advertised times.
Bibliography
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[ "References" ]
[ "Gardens in Cheshire", "Tourist attractions in Cheshire", "National Trust properties in Cheshire", "Japanese gardens in England", "Woodland gardens" ]
projected-17324768-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season
1972–73 St. Louis Blues season
Introduction
The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).
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[ "Introduction" ]
[ "St. Louis Blues seasons", "1972–73 NHL season by team", "1972–73 in American ice hockey by team", "1972 in sports in Missouri", "1973 in sports in Missouri" ]
projected-17324768-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season
1972–73 St. Louis Blues season
Playoffs
The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).
Despite having a 32–34–12 record, the Blues managed to clinch a playoff spot. However, they lost in the first round to the 4–1.
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[ "Playoffs" ]
[ "St. Louis Blues seasons", "1972–73 NHL season by team", "1972–73 in American ice hockey by team", "1972 in sports in Missouri", "1973 in sports in Missouri" ]